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Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm With Example

Round robin scheduling is an algorithm that allows equal time slices to each process in a ready queue. A time slice or quantum is set, and each process is given a slice of CPU time before being preempted. When a process' time slice expires, it is placed at the back of the queue. This ensures fair sharing of the CPU and prevents starvation. Round robin is simple to implement but can result in lower throughput than other algorithms if processes have significantly different burst times.

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Ponmalar S
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217 views

Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm With Example

Round robin scheduling is an algorithm that allows equal time slices to each process in a ready queue. A time slice or quantum is set, and each process is given a slice of CPU time before being preempted. When a process' time slice expires, it is placed at the back of the queue. This ensures fair sharing of the CPU and prevents starvation. Round robin is simple to implement but can result in lower throughput than other algorithms if processes have significantly different burst times.

Uploaded by

Ponmalar S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm With

Example
Round robin  is the  scheduling algorithm used by the CPU during execution of the
process . Round robin is designed specifically for time sharing systems . It is
similar to first come first serve scheduling algorithm but the preemption  is the
added functionality to switch between the processes .

A small unit of time also known as time slice or quantum is set/defined . The ready
queue works like circular queue .All processes in this algorithm are kept in the
circular queue also known as ready queue .  Each New process is added to the tail
of the ready/circular queue .
By using this algorithm , CPU makes sure, time slices ( any natural number ) are
assigned  to each process in equal portions and in circular order , dealing with all
process without any priority .

It is also known as cyclic executive .

The main advantage of round robin algorithm over first come first serve
algorithm is that it is  starvation free  . Every process will be executed by CPU
for fixed interval of time (which is set as time slice ) . So in this way no process
left waiting for its turn to be executed by the CPU .

Round robin algorithm is simple and easy to implement . The  name round robin
comes from the principle known as round robin in which every person takes
equal share of something in turn .

Pseudo Code : 

* CPU scheduler picks the process from the circular/ready queue , set a timer to
interrupt it after 1 time slice    / quantum  and dispatches it .

*  If  process has burst time less than 1 time slice/quantum


                
             >  Process will leave the CPU after the completion
             >  CPU will proceed with the next process in the ready queue / circular
queue .

    else If process has burst time longer than 1 time slice/quantum


             >  Timer will be stopped . It cause interruption to the OS .
             >   Executed process is then placed at the tail of the circular / ready  querue
by applying  the context                   switch
             >  CPU scheduler then proceeds by selecting the next process in the ready
queue .           

Here , User can calculate the average turnaround time and average waiting time
along with the starting and finishing time of each process

Turnaround time   :   Its the total time taken by the process between starting and
the completion

Waiting time         :   Its the time for which process is ready to run but not executed
by CPU scheduler

for example ,
we have three processes, slice time/quantum time = 4

              
                          Burst time             Waiting time         Turnaround time

P1                          24                           6                           30

P2                          3                             4                            7

P3                          3                             7                           10

So here we can see the turnaround time for the process 1 is 30 while 7 and 10 for
2nd and 3rd process

 A Gantt chart is a chart which shows the start and finish times of  all the processes
.

  Gantt chart for the round robin algorithm  is


 
|-----------|-----------|----------|------------|------------|------------|------------|---------------|
  |    P1           |      P2          |     P3         |    P1              |    P1              |  P1                 |
P1            |     P1                  |
 
|-----------|-----------|----------|------------|------------|------------|------------|---------------|
 0                  4                   7                 10                  14                   18                    
22                     26                              30 

The major features of the Round Robin algorithm is that

* Throughput is low as the large process is holding up the Central processing unit
for execution .

* The main advantage of Round robin is to remove starvation  . As long as all


processes completes the execution then we  dont have any trouble, But the problem
starts when any of the process fails to complete . The incomplete   execution of any
process leads to starvation .

* Queuing is done without using any prioritization of the processes.

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