Android Mobile Operating System and Architecture

Dinesh Dipak Devkar1, Sunny Shivsampat Vishwakarma2

1(MCA, VIVA Institute of Technology / University of Mumbai, India)
2(MCA, VIVA Institute of Technology / University of Mumbai, India)

Abstract: Android mobile operating system is a mobile phone operating body built through Google mainly for
touchscreen tools, smartphones, & tablet computers. It will undoubtedly begin with Android Architecture, which is
consists of five degrees: first Linux piece, second Libraries, third Application structure, fourth Android runtime, &
fifth System apps. Android operating system is multi-user Linux device in which each application is a different
customer. Mobile applications have change the interaction from conventional antiqued methods & fast-forwarded.
The Mobile applications softwares have provided more significant than social networking sites functionalities. The
Ordering food products, inspecting profile harmony, & creating a grocery store checklist are achievable utilizing
mobile phone requests & many more. Apple & Google mobile operating systems have carried out significant
improvements in the industry of mobile phones market. Mobile uses made our lifestyles less complicated & easy, yet it
has also unfavorably affected our lifestyles too. Current researches state that making use of a mobile phone on
continue basis for long time may lead to anxiety. Our research paper describes the information about the android
operating system & its components & how they interconnected with each other, & in today’s era,it can change the way
of communication.
Keywords: Android runtime, Linux Kernel, Mobile application, Operating system, Security.

I. INTRODUCTION
In modern days technology has been widely adopted and employed by human beings in all variety fields. The use of
technology has numerous advancements. the android allows the people to keep in touch without gathering at one
location. The growth of mobile device technology has attract people’s attention from all of their life, facilitating
globalization by making the world look like a global village.[1] With the number of mobile users increasing very widely
and growing rapidly, the different firms operating in the technology industry are also not relenting to expand to meet the
evolving demands of the consumers. Because of this, multiple digital devices and gadgets continue to be developed with
phones that were initially designed for calls only have a wide range of uses as they become part of people's lives and
transform it. Mobile device users can access the internet, send and receive messages from mobile, or even video
conference, serving like portable computers, apart from making and receiving calls. However, it could not have been
possible were it not for developing a natural operating system. With only three operating systems procedures for the
handheld the devices; Windows by Windows incorporation, iOS by Apple incorporation, and Android by Google, the
latter it dominates the market by holding a significant market share in the number of users and units shipped the
worldwide. With every Android version release improving users the experience by bringing better and new features
[1,3]. Android smartphones poses a significant threat to the Apple iPhone market. It is because Google company was
targeting the same consumers targeted by iPhone and has managed to secure both the hearts and minds of the mobile
app developers making Android a success. With development of smartphones and more mobile apps, there has been a
complete turn in the usage of mobile smartphones, making them become part of the users' daily life. The android
operating system was based on the Linux kernel and was u in 2007 after Google purchased the functional system
developer in 2005. And Since then, Android has kept updating, bringing the new features to improve user experience
and fix the bugs.[3]

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 II. METHODOLOGY
2.1 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY:
Android is depicted as a mobile operating system. At the beginning improved by Android, Inc. Android was sold to
Google in 2005.Google and other Companies of the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) collaborated on Android (design,
development, distribution) [2]. The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) governs Android maintenance and the
development cycle. The android mobile operating system is based on a revised Linux 2.6.0 kernel. Measure up to a
Linux 2.6 environment. However, the many drivers and libraries have been altered or recently established to allow
Android to run effectively and essentially potential on mobile devices such as smartphones or internet tablets [1,2]. A
some of these collections come up with their origins in open-source developments. Due to some authorizing issue, the
Android community take decision to implement their c library (Bionic) and build Android-specific Java runtime engine
DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine – DVM). with Android, the emphasis has always been on enhancing infrastructure based
on the limited resources available on the mobile devices. On the way to balance the working world, and Android-
specific application framework was designed and implemented[2,13]. that way, Android can best be described as a
complete solution stack, incorporating the OS, center-wear components, and applications. In Android operating system,
the altered Linux 2.6.0 kernel acts out as the hardware abstraction layer (HAL)[2,13].
The evaluation of the Android operating environment can be labeled as: •
 An accessible platform for mobile expansion
 A hardware source pattern intended for mobile phones
 A modified Linux 2.6 kernel drives the system
 An application and the user interface (UI) framework
 A run time environment.

2.2 ANDROID PHONE MARKET GROWTH:

In today's generation, smartphones have grown extensively, with the larger population owning different types of
smartphones with varying features. With a substantial section of the people using smartphones in various capacities, it
has made a relatively significant impact on the economic activities making use of the handheld technology in one way
or another[4]. However, the main factor is the distinguishing the smartphone industry in terms of units shipped across
the whole world. As figures from the international data corporation reveal, the smartphone industry has been growing
at the rate of a 1.1%. With the number of units shipped amounting to around a 350 million by the third percentile of
year, the Android has maintained a leading position in the market share[6,7]. The requirement of Android phones has
been the rise on, with the consumers. selecting from the wide variety range of Android phones meets their needs and is
within their budget. However, even the vendors in smartphone market the companies are capitalized on the wide
acceptance of the Android operation system, making competition stiff in the business environment, with each vendor
trying to be maximizing profits. The volatility of the software technology the industry has made Android production
keep growing as they make efforts to ensure the operating system is compatible and adaptable with a majority of
hardware and have the features that can be improve user's experience. Multiple companies which producing android
phones are struggle to ensure they meet quality standards and improve features of their system, especially the data
security, which has become a significant challenge in the technology[5].
The smartphone revolution is believed to be geared by the Android process and operating system. However, this will
take an optimistic tech seen could have predicted that the Android operating system would be acquire such a significant
market share when Google bought the Android developer in the 2005. Later , in 2007 iPhone(Apple) was introduced,
giving Google the hard time penetrating the market with their free and open-source mobile operating system, making
them try even to have the OS available to phone manufacturers at no direct costs[3].

2.3 THE ANDROID SOFTWARE PLATFORM:

The increasing of the daily usage mobile phones is approximately 3.5 times that of computers, with handheld
technology offering more services than initially developed. Smartphones are in today's world being used for
entertainment and information, especially with the launching of the android operating system[8]. An android is a free
and an open-source software for mobile devices smartphones that comprises an operating system, middleware, and
critical applications. Since the android software platform was launched, it has undergone multiple improvements in
various dimensions, such as features and compatible hardware, to improve the user's experience. Besides, the android
software platform had also extended to other types of devices apart from the mobile ones it targeted when it entered the
market by launching a mobile platform [9]. It runs on multiple applications that allow the users to choose among the
wide variety range of applications and their carriers in as an operating system. Android has attract the significant
attention in the mobile industry and also other industries due to its free and open-source nature and architectural model.
Based on Linux kernel architectural model, Android platform contains of several layers providing a complete software
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stack. Android is an extensive operating setting that is based on Linux. The piece, along with few variations like V2.6,
is separately a split device[10].
2.4 APPLICATION LAYER:
It is the site or root of all Android applications, including an email client, SMS program, maps, browser, contacts, etc.
All this applications which mentions are written using the Java programming language[10].

2.4.1 APPLICATION FRAMEWORK LAYER:

This is a layer which defines the Android application framework. All Android applications are established on the
application framework. The Android application framework includes:
 A good and attractive set of views can build an application with a beautiful user interface. to simply put in , the
outlook may constitute lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browser.
 A Resource Manager responsible to provides access to non-core resources such as localized strings,
graphics, and layout files creating, importing & managing. 
 A Notification Manager is responsible for enables all the mobile applications to display custom alerts in
the status bar like mobile notification bar or pop ups.

2.5 ANDROID RUNTIME:

It is feature of a collection of center collections and a Java online equipment (Dalvik online equipment). it has been
improved as well as improved through Google to become ideal for the Android system. Linux bit lies to a lower level of
the Android body and also functions as an absorption coating. The components bridge of android software application
pile delivers center device solutions such as surveillance, moment monitoring, procedure administration, system pile,
and chauffeur version. Moreover, some lower functionalities including the administration of strings of Dalvik[10,13].

FEATURES OF ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM:

 Storage: In today’s data era, storage in digital devices is a very critical component, and the Android OS has
SQLite, which is a relational database with a relatively big storage capacity to meet the storage needs of the
Android mobile devices storage problem. It has attracted significant attention on Android devices in the
market, especially for consumers who require the devices for storage purposes[14].
 Connectivity: One of the most very critical requirements of users in this digital era is a device that has access to
the internet. An android smartphone or tablet supports connectivity technologies like EDGE to Wi- Fi,
ensuring that users can access the internet at any place using the Android mobile devices[14].
 Message- Android operating system has the supports of two forms of messaging; people widely use the
SMS and MMS to send text the messages and share information relatively quickly[14,15].
 Multiple language support: Android support the multiple languages. Android mobile applications are written
in various programming languages, supported by the Android operating system, making them compatible with
most carriers.
 Web browser: A browser used in Android operating system has a Web kit layout engine along with others
such as Chrome which provides the reliable platform for users to access the internet services. Besides, the
platform has a very user-friendly interface and making it easy to to users to browse the different sites online.

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III. FIGURES AND TABLES

Fig 2.2 Mobile market growth

Fig 2.2.1 Market Capture

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 Fig 2.3 Android Software Platform

IV. CONCLUSION
In the conclusion, from the research, it is clear that the Android operating system is very diverse and more advanced
than the iPhone Apple and Microsoft Windows operating systems. The Android operating system by Google dominates
market by holding a luminous huge market share both in the number of users (Customers) and units shipped all across
the world. With each any every Android version release android improving the user's experience by bringing better new
features, Android smartphones pose a significant threat to the Apple iPhone market. Google was also targeting the same
consumers targeted by Apple(iPhone) and has managed to win together with the mobile app developers' hearts and
minds, making Android a success. The Android is free and open-source software for mobile devices that comprises an
operating system, middleware, and critical applications. Since the software platform was launched android operating
system, it has undergone lots improvements in various dimensions, such as their features and compatible hardware, to
improve their users experience. Besides, the android software platform had also extended to other different types of
devices apart from the mobile ones it targeted when it entered the market by launching a their mobile platform. It's very
important to note that in todays times, people's experiences in the computing and mobile devices have very quickly
changed due to the richness and quality of the mobile applications.

Acknowledgments
We would like to express our sincere thanks to our guide for taking time from her busy schedule to provide us with a great deal of help,
support and encourage us to work diligently at every aspect of our research paper. Her views have always been equitably providing a
perfect balance between encouragement and constructive criticism. Her tips and suggestions helped us to decide the correct approach to the
research paper. We attempted to find help from a variety of individuals at various stages of the research paper. We would like to thank each
& everyone for their guidance.

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