Group 3 Members:

Hedriana, Carl Jeffrey Leonidas, Maria Fatima Elizabeth

Hermoso, Joshua Nino Limsiaco, Bea Florina
Jacildo, Meryville Lopez, Angelo Gabriel
Jallorina, Mikaelo Matulac, Jill Ann Marie
Kiu, Krystel Bless

Current Research on Alzheimer's

A. Pathophysiology of the Disease

 Social Isolation and Loneliness among Older Adults in the Context of
COVID-19: A Global Challenge
https://ghrp.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41256-020-00154-3

Reaction Paper:

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased deaths from other causes due to disruption to health
service delivery and routine immunizations, fewer people seeking care, and shortages of funding for
non-COVID-19 services. COVID-19 has exposed persistent inequalities by income, age, race, sex, and
geographic location. Despite recent global health gains, across the world, people continue to face
complex, interconnected threats to their health and well-being rooted in social, economic,, political and
environmental determinants of health.

“Older adults are at a significantly increased risk of severe disease following infection from
COVID-19. Over 95% of these deaths occurred in those older than 60 years according to WHO. More
than 50% of all fatalities involved people aged 80 years or older. Reports show that 8 out of 10 deaths are
occurring in individuals with at least one comorbidity, in particular those with cardiovascular disease,
hypertension, and diabetes, but also with a range of other chronic underlying conditions.

Support for older people, their families, and caregivers is a critical component of the countries'
overall response to the pandemic. During periods of seclusion and quarantine, older adults require safe
access to nutritional food, basic supplies, money, medicine, and social care. Accurate information
dissemination is crucial to ensure that older people receive clear messages and resources on how to keep
physically and psychologically well during the pandemic and what to do if they become ill.

Technology is useful especially for older adults. There have been major consequences of the
Covid-19 crisis on older adults and their use of technology. The first is that their internet usage has
accelerated during the pandemic, while many of them have suffered from isolation, loneliness and being
less mobile. As a result, they’ve been using their devices and the internet as helpful tools. Before the
pandemic hit, older adults had gradually been closing the smartphone usage gap between them and
younger generations. Since the spread of Covid-19, this has stopped. The younger generation has
increased their internet usage even more. And on top of that, a new digital gap is emerging among the
digital heterogenic older adults. Together with a reliable mobile network, learning digital skills is crucial
for older adults if they want to take advantage of developing tech solutions, many of which will improve
older adults´s quality of life. In the long run, falling behind on internet skills might have negative effects
for older adults. For example, in the area of health care, more health appointments, services and products
are migrating online, as many of us have experienced during the pandemic. Both today and before the
development of Covid-19, and how they’re currently dealing with these struggles. Older adults´ interests
in different emerging tech solutions will further improve their quality of life. And more importantly, how
these solutions can be best implemented for older adults to fully adopt them.
B. A Health Plan on Older Client with Alzheimer’s Disease

Medication Exercise Treatment Hygiene Outpatient Diet

Galantamine Ensure that all There is no cure. General body hygiene Counseling and Mediterranean diet-
C- antidementia exercises are safe, There is no known can become more support groups serve fruits, vegetables,
agent enjoyable, and way to prevent AD. difficult for your loved as effective outlets in whole grains,
H- if it treats mild to sustainable. one as his Alzheimer’s managing fear, anger, legumes, fish, and
disease progresses. He
moderate confusion Medications are and stress after being other seafood;
may not have the
related to Alzheimer's Break exercises into available that may physical ability to care diagnosed with unsaturated fats such
disease. It does not simple, slow AD, lessening for himself anymore, Alzheimer’s Disease. as olive oils; and low
cure Alzheimer's easy-to-follow steps. the symptoms, but and may not remember amounts of red meat,
disease, but it may they are unable to his need to bathe, wash Types of counseling eggs, and sweets
improve memory, Make sure the person stop or reverse the his hair or brush his interventions:
awareness, and the wears comfortable disease. teeth. Avoid stimulants
ability to perform clothes and shoes that -Crisis Intervention such as caffeine
daily functions. fit well and are made It is believed that Aqua Wash Gloves – Counseling
E- 4 mg twice daily for exercise. lifelong mental Bathing gloves that Limit foods with high
provide a total and
C-Inform client this exercise -Individual saturated fat and
gentle bath and water is
drug may make you Make sure he or she and learning may not required. This can Counseling cholesterol
dizzy or drowsy. drinks water or juice create more be helpful if you need
Alcohol or marijuana after exercise. connections to bathe your loved one -Family Therapy Cut down on refined
(cannabis) can make between nerve cells in addition to doing sugars
you more dizzy or It is also important to and delay the onset of their hair, but water is -Group Therapy
drowsy. Do not drive, start a 10-minute dementia. People not readily available. Limit foods with high
use machinery, or do warm-up before should be -Self-help and sodium and use less
anything that needs exercising and to cool encouraged to learn Aqua Shampoo Gloves Support Group salt.
alertness until you down after new things and stay – Covered with hair
shampoo solution so
can do it safely. exercising. mentally active as There are also
that hair can be cleaned
K-Give galantamine long as without any rinsing. activities that have
twice daily with Check the workout possible. been studied to slow
morning and evening space for any No Rinse Hair memory-loss
meals, and ensure hazards, such as Aducanumab- first Conditioner – This progress, maintain
adequate fluid intake slippery floors, low therapy to product will condition safety, and activities
to prevent GI lighting, throw rugs, demonstrate that the hair but does not of patients with
symptoms. Monitor and cords. removing need to be rinsed out. Alzheimer’s.
patient for beta-amyloid, one of
EZ Shower – Ideal for
progressive If the older adults the hallmarks of Maintain a daily
giving a shower to a
deterioration of with Alzheimer's Alzheimer’s disease, person with routine - this allows
mental status because have a hard time from the brain is Alzheimer’s who is not the patient to fall on a
drug is less effective keeping their balance, reasonably likely to able to leave the bed. daily routine that
as Alzheimer’s have them exercise reduce the cognitive allows autonomy
disease progresses within reach of a grab and functional while ensuring that
and intact cholinergic bar or rail. Other decline in people he/she is safe while
neurons decrease options are to living with early going about.
exercise on the bed Alzheimer’s.
Rivastigmine rather than on the Constant
C- Antidementia floor or an exercise Alzheimer’s is communication -
H- If it slows the mat. closely related to this exercises the
decline of cognitive Cardiovascular cognitive function of
function in patients Most of all, help them Diseases and risks the the patient, improves
with Alzheimer’s choose a hobby or individual to strokes memory, all while
disease by increasing activity they enjoy so and infarction. giving them the
acetylcholine they’ll stick with it. Prevention of vices feeling that they are
concentration at Some suggestions such as smoking and not alone and are
cholinergic include gardening, minimal alcohol cared for thus
transmission sites. walking, swimming, consumption paired decreasing fear,
This action prolongs water aerobics, yoga, with a healthy diet anxiety, or similar
and exaggerates the and tai chi. and compliance to feelings.
effects of medication slow
acetylcholine that are Below are examples down progression of Reduce distractions-
otherwise blocked by of these different the disease. turn off the TV and
toxic levels of kinds of activities. minimize other
anticholinergics. distractions at
E- 1.5 mg twice daily Aerobic activities: mealtime and during
Dosage increased by brisk walking, water conversations to
3 mg daily every 2 aerobics, tai chi, make it easier for the
wk, as needed. dancing, yard work, patient to focus.
Maximum: 12 mg bicycling less than 10
daily mph, yoga. Provide simple
C- Teach patient and instructions- patient
family how to Muscle-strengthenin best understand clear,
administer oral g activities: use of one step
solution, if exercise bands, communication.
prescribed, hand-held weights,
emphasizing need to some forms of tai chi Prevent falls- avoid
use the oral dosing and yoga. scatter rugs,
syringe provided. extension cords and
Explain that the dose Balance: standing on any clutter that could
may be swallowed one foot, walking cause falls. Install
directly from the heel-to-toe, toe raises. handrails or grab bars
syringe or mixed into in critical areas. The
a small glass of patient’s judgment
water, cold fruit juice, and problem-solving
or soda; stirred; and skills is impaired.
then drunk. This is to promote
K- Monitor safety.
respiratory status of
patients with
pulmonary disease,
including asthma,
chronic bronchitis,
and emphysema,
because rivastigmine
has a weak affinity
for peripheral
cholinesterase, which
may increase
bronchoconstriction
and bronchial
secretions. Monitor
patients with
Parkinson’s disease
for exaggerated
parkinsonian
symptoms, which
may result from drugs
increased
cholinergic effects on
CNS

Donepezil
C- Antidementia
H- Reversibly
inhibits
acetylcholinesterase
and improves
acetylcholine’s
concentration at
cholinergic synapses.
Raising acetylcholine
level in the cerebral
cortex may improve
cognition. Donepezil
becomes less
effective as
Alzheimer’s disease
progresses and
number of intact
cholinergic neurons
declines
E- l: 5 mg at bedtime.
After 4 to 6 wk,
dosage increased to
10 mg at bedtime, as
indicated. Maximum:
10 mg daily
C- Advise patient to
take donepezil just
before going to bed.
K- Use donepezil
 cautiously in patients
with bladder
obstruction because
the drug's weak
peripheral cholinergic
effect could obstruct
outflow.

References:

What Do We Know About Diet and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease? (n.d.). National Institute on Aging.
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-do-we-know-about-diet-and-prevention-alzheimers-disease

Food and Eating. (n.d.). Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/daily-care/food-eating

Hygiene Tips for Alzheimer’s Patients | Alzheimer’s & Dementia Aids. (n.d.). Alzheimer’s & Dementia Aids | Daily Living Aids for People with
ALZHEIMER’S. https://www.alzaids.com/hygiene-tips-for-alzheimers-patients/

Galantamine Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD. (n.d.). WebMD.
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-20737-6218/galantamine-oral/galantamine-oral/details

The best exercise for people with Alzheimer's disease. The Best Exercise for People with Alzheimer's Disease | BrightFocus Foundation. (n.d.).
Retrieved March 3, 2022, from
https://www.brightfocus.org/alzheimers/article/best-exercise-people-alzheimers-disease#:~:text=Aerobic%20activities%3A%20brisk%20walking
%2C%20water,of%20tai%20chi%20and%20yoga.

WebMD. (2020). Alzheimer's disease and exercise: Safety Tips, activities, and more. WebMD. Retrieved March 3, 2022, from
https://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/guide/alzheimers-exercise

Houston Methodist Leading Medicine (2020). Alzheimer’s Disease. From:

https://www.houstonmethodist.org/neurology/for-patients/patient-education/alzheimers/