Study of Electrical Tools & Symbols of Electrical Components Electrical Shock

GE19 Engineering Practice Laboratory / Department Of EEE
2011
STUDY OF ELECTRICAL TOOLS & SYMBOLS OF ELECTRICAL

COMPONENTS
ELECTRICAL SHOCK
Human body is a conductor. When the live wire touches the body, current
completes its way through body and earth and the muscular functions of the body are
paralyzed due to current action on nervous system, heart and respiratory organs which
may cease to function causing breathing to stop and resulting in death.
PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT SHOCK:-
1 Care in handling all electrical apparatus is the only effective safeguard

against injury.
2. Never use appliances that have damaged.
3. Replace immediately broken switches and plugs.
4. Check all metallic parts are effectively earthed.
5. Use correct rating of Fuse.
6. Keep proper condition of Electrical hand tools.
7. Live wires should always be connected through the switch.
8. Avoid poor joining of cables.
GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS TO REPRESENT VARIOUS ELECTRICAL

COMPONENTS
Positive Polarity +
Negative Polarity -
Earth
Lamp or or
One Way Switch
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Two Way Switch
Fixed Resistance
Variable Resistance
Capacitor fixed
Variable Capacitor
Tube light
Choke
Fan Regulator
DC Current
AC Current Single Phase 50C/S
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AC Current Three Phase 3 50C/S
Winding
DC Generator
G
M
DC Motor
AC Generator
AC Motor
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TOOLS
SCREW DRIVER:-
Smaller size screw drivers are also called as connectors. Material used
in making screw driver is mainly used steel. Various sizes available are 10, 15, 20 and
30 cm. These are used for loosening or tightening or to keep the screws in position.
Avoid greasy or oily handle. Do not use in place of chisel. Use proper size for particular
screws.
COMBINATION PLIERS:-
Material used in making combination pliers is mainly steel. Various
sizes available are 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm. These are used for holding, twisting or cutting
wires. Do not cut Steel wires. Do not hold any hot substance. Do not use in place of
hammer.
ROUND NOSE PLIERS:-

Round nose pliers are also called as flat nose pliers. Material used
in making round nose pliers is mainly steel. Its available size is 10 Cm. It is used for
Holding, twisting or joining the wires at narrow places.
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SIDE CUTTING PLIER (SIDE CUTTER):-

Material used in making side cutting pliers is steel. Its size is 20 Cm. It is
used for cutting wire at narrow places or ordinary places. Also used for removing
insulation. Do not cut steel wires. Protect it from rust. Do not cut hot Substance.
ELECTRICIAN KNIFE:-
Material used in making electrician knife is steel blade. Its size is
10 cm. It has two blades one for removing insulation of wires and other for cleaning the
wires. Protect it from rust. Do not use it for cutting wires.
ELECTRIC SOLDERING:-
Material used in making electric soldering iron is copper bit.
Various types available are 25w, 20w; 65w.It is used to solder the joints of wires and
winding wires. While using insulates yourself. Do not put hot iron on the wires.
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2011
RESIDENTIAL HOUSE WIRING USING SWITCHES, FUSE, INDICATOR,

LAMP AND ENERGY METER
Expt.No: Date:
AIM:
To Construct House wiring using Energy Meter
TOOLS:
S.No Name of the tools Quantity

1 Combination Pliers 1 No.
2 1 No.
Connector screw driver
Screw driver 1 No.

3
4 1 No.
Electrician knife
REQUIRED COMPONENTS:
S.NO COMPONENTS RANGE QUANTITY

1 Switch SPST, 5A 3 Nos.
2 Incandescent Lamp 100W 1 No.
3 Lamp Holder Batten 1No.
4 Ceiling rose - 1No.
5 Socket 10A 1No.
6 Screws 1inch As per required
7 Wires 1/18S As per required
8 Switch Board 12″x 8″ 1No.
1 φ,300V , 16A
9 Energy Meter 1No.
1500 rev /kwh
10 Main switch Box 1 φ, 300V , 16A 1No.
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THEORY:
Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper capable of
carrying the maximum current which will flow through them. The following table shows
the rating for different accessories. Conductors should be of copper or aluminium. In
power circuit, wiring should be designed for the load which it is supposed to carry. Power
sub circuits should be kept separate from lighting and fan sub – circuits. Wiring should be
d one on the distribution system with main and branch distribution boards at convenient
centers. Wiring should neat, with good appearance.
PROCEDURE:
1. Study the given wiring diagram
2. Make the location points for energy meter, main witch box, switchboard,
lamp and ceiling rose.
3. Draw the lines for wiring on the wooden board.
4. Place the wires along with the line and fix.
5. Fix the bulb holder, Switches, Ceiling rose, Socket in marked positions on
the wooden board.
6. Connect the energy meter and main switch box in marked positions on the
wooden board.
7. Give a supply to the wires circuit.
8. Test the working of light and socket.
RESULT:
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STAIR CASE WIRING
EXPT.NO: DATE:
AIM:
To control the status of the given lamp by using two – way switches
METERIALS REQUIRED:
Sl.No Name of the apparatus Range / Type Quantity
1 Incandescent Lamp 100W 1 No
2 Lamp Holder Pendent Type 1 No
3 SPDT Switch 230V,5A 1 No

As per
4 Wires 1/18” requirement
As per
5 P.V.C Pipe 1/4" requirement
6 Wooden Board - 1 No
TOOLS REQUIRED:
Sl.No Name of the tools Quantity
1 Combination Pliers 1 No
2 Connector screw drivers 1 No
3 Screw driver 1 No
4 Electrician knife 1 No
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TRUTH TABLE:
PARALLEL CONNECTION:
S1 S2 OUT PUT
ON ON GLOW
ON OFF NOT GLOW
OFF OFF GLOW
OFF ON NOT GLOW
CROSS CONNECTION:
S1 S2 OUT PUT
ON ON NOT GLOW
ON OFF GLOW
OFF OFF NOT GLOW
OFF ON GLOW
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PROCEDURE:
PARALLEL CONNECTION:
1. Place the accessories on the wiring board as per the circuit diagram.
2. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the
middle point of SPDT switch 1.
3. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the Upper point of SPDT
switch2.
4. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the Lower point of SPDT switch2.
5. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT
switch 2 is connected to one end of the lamp holder.
6. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line.
7. Screw the accessories on the board and switch on the supply.
8. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.
CROSS CONNECTION:
1. Place the accessories on the wiring board as per the circuit diagram.
2. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the middle
point of SPDT switch 1.
3. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the Lower point of SPDT
switch2.
4. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the Upper point of SPDT switch2.
5. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT
switch 2 is connected to one end of the lamp holder.
6. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line.
7. Screw the accessories on the board and switch on the supply.
8. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.
RESULT:
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FLUORESCENT LAMP WIRING
EXPT.NO: DATE:
AIM:
To make and check the fluorescent lamp wiring
METERIALS REQUIRED:
S.No Name of the apparatus Range / Type Quantity
fluorescent lamp fixture 4 ft 1 No

1
2 fluorescent lamp 40W 1 No
3 Choke 40W, 230V, 1 No
4 Starter - 1 No
1/18” As per
5 Wires
requirement
TOOLS REQUIRED:
S.No Name of the tools Quantity
1 Combination Plier 1 No
2 Connector screw drivers 1 No
3 Screw driver 1 No
4 Electrician knife 1 No
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THEORY:
Tube light has filament on either side. They are coated with tungsten material.
The inside of the tube has phosphorous coating which is used to convert ultraviolet into
visible light and to give the required color sensation. A choke is used to give transient
high voltage so as to initiate the electron movement which is an iron starter capacitor is
used to suppress radio-interference with the switch closed. The current flows through the
choke and the starter. The glow switch suddenly breaks thereby creating the circuit. Due
to high conductivity, inductive property of the choke, a transient high voltage is available
across the filament. Hence the electrons are emitted and travel through the tube. Then
tube light is produced.
PROCEDURE:
1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram as shown in figure.
2. Fix the tube holder and the choke in the tube.
3. The phase wire is connected to the choke and neutral directly to the tube
4. Connect the starter in series with the tube.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. While giving the connection be careful.

2. Handle the lamp safely.
3. Be careful while handling the tools.
4. All the connections should be right and tight.
RESULT:
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MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY BY USING SINGLE PHASE

ENERGY METER
Model graph
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MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY BY USING SINGLE PHASE

ENERGY METER
EXPT NO: DATE:
AIM:
To calibrate the given single phase Energy meter by direct loading method.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SI.No Equipment Range Nos

1. Voltmeter 300V MI 1
2. Ammeter 10A MI 1
3. Energy Meter 3200 imp/kwh 1
4. Wattmeter 230V, 10A 1
FORMULA:
True Energy (TE) = Power * Time Kwhr
1000 * 3600
Measured Energy = No of impulse

(ME)
Energy meter constant
% Error = ME - TE * 100 %
TE
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Tabular Column: Energy Meter Constant=
Sl. V A Rev. for Actual True %Error

No. volts amps 50sec. Energy Energy
Kwhr Kwhr
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THEORY:
REAL POWER:
The real power / active power is the average of the instantaneous power p (t)
Unit watts, kilowatts, megawatts.
REACTIVE POWER:
The product VI sinф is designated as reactive power, volt ampere reactive

KVAR, MVAR.
POWER FACTOR:
The power factor which the apparent power is multiplied with the active power is
called power factor. Depending upon current. The PF is negative or positive to
distinguish the PF is said to be lagging current for leading current leading PF.
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CALCULATION
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PROCEDURE:
1. For an RLC circuit give the connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set the decade inductance box and capacitance box
3. Switch on the power supply.
4. Note down the corresponding values voltage and current across RLC.
RESULT:
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Measurement of Power and Power Factor
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MEASUREMENT OF EARTH RESISTANCE
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MEASUREMENT OF POWER AND POWER FACTOR
EXPT NO: DATE:
AIM:
To measure the power and power factor by using single wattmeter.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SI.No Equipment Range Nos
1. Voltmeter 300V MI
2. Ammeter 10A MI
3. Wattmeter 300V/10A
FORMULA:
Power = VI Cos Φ
Cos Φ = Power/VI
THEORY:
POWER
When the charge (Q) moves through a voltage rise, an external agency must do
the charge (i.e. the charge acquires potential energy) and alternatively,if the charge
moves through a voltage drop ,energy is given out by the charge (appears as kinetic
energy of the charge).
Power=rate of energy or P=dw/dt=V dQ/dt=VI W(watts or J/s)
For instantaneous values,
P =vi W
If current flows into the pasitive terminal of a device/circuit,power (energy) is
delivered to it. If it flows of its positive terminal,power(energy) flows out of the
device/circuit.
POWER FACTOR:
The power factor which the apparent power is multiplied with the active power is
called power factor. Depending upon current. The PF is negative or positive to
distinguish the PF is said to be lagging current for leading current leading PF.
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Tabular Column:
Sl. V A Power Power

No. volts amps (Watts) Factor
CALCULATION
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PROCEDURE:
1. Give the Connections as per the circuit diagram
2. Note the precautions-fuse rating
3. Take the no load reading of Voltmeter,Ammeter and Wattmeter
4. By applying load ,take various set of readings
RESULT:
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STUDY OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
EXPT NO: DATE:
AIM:
To study about the various electrical appliances like iron box, fan with regulator and
emergency lamp
IRON BOX:-
These are of two types namely automatic and non-automatic.
The above figure shows an assembled view of an electric iron.

It consists of
HANDLE:-
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SOLE PLATE:-
It is made of cast iron and it is generally chromium – plated.
HEATING ELEMENT:-
It consists of nichrome strip wound over mica plate with two more mica plates,
one above and the other below it.
PRESSURE PLATE:-
It is made of cast iron and keeps the heating element in position.
CASE:-
It comes above the pressure plate.
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AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC IRON:-

In addition to the above essential parts, it consists of thermostat control. The
necessity of thermostat arises due to the fact that for certain types of clothes such as silk
or terrene required temperature are high. With the help of thermostat these temperatures
can be controlled easily.
EMERGENCY LIGHT:-
Its main function is to give automatically in the event of failure of electric supply.
P
6V
S1 DC
Test
Switch
230V
1Ø, AC
1Ø S2
Supply Indicating
Lamp
6V
N Battery
Transformer
As shown in the circuit diagram, it consists of transformer which steps

down the high voltage supply to low voltage. This low voltage supply is further rectified
by bridge rectifier and applied across 6v battery through the coil of an electromagnetic
relay in series. Pilot lamp is given three volt supply across outer and middle output wires.
So as long main supply is on, it charges the battery and the relay coil are kept energized
and the relay contact is kept open. Battery is connected to double filament head lamp
through relay contacts and switches S1 and S2. When switch S1 is on and S2 is off (or dim)
and supply goes away relay contacts are bridged and head lamp’s filament is lighted for
dim light. If S2 is also closed (for full) then lower filament is also lighted and we get full
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light. We can light up another lamp of 6V from extension socket controlled by extension
switch. We can test the battery, even when main supply is on, by a test push button
FAN AND REGULATOR:-
FAN WITH CAPACITOR:
In A.C ceiling fan permanent capacitor motors are used. In this case there
is no centrifugal switch. The starting winding is connected in series with a capacitor. This
capacitor remains in series even in running condition
Running
winding Supply
Starting
winding
Capacitor
This type of motor is used only in ceiling and table fans, and where low torque is
required.
A typical of paper capacitor is for the fan motor is of permanent split phase
capacitor type. The motor is small in size with low starting torque requirements and the
variation in the load is very small.
A paper capacitor is permanently connected in series with the auxiliary winding

and remains in circuit during whole period. The capacitor also improves the no load
performance by producing in effect a two phase motor with a good power factor of
0.8 to 0.9. As the capacitor is connected in series with the auxiliary winding, the voltage
across the capacitor terminals is considerably higher than the mains voltage.
FAN WITHOUT CAPACITOR:

The name of without capacitor motor, used in ceiling fan, is shaded pole motor
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It is a single phase induction motor provided with an auxiliary short circuited

winding. The short circuited winding also termed as shading coils, consists of a low
resistance copper ring embedded on one side of each stator pole and is used to provide
the necessary torque. When current increases in the main coils, current is induced in the
shading cols which opposes the magnetic field, building up in the part of the pole pieces
they surround. When the main coil current decreases, the current in the shading coils also
decreases. Until the pole pieces are uniformly magnetized, current in the shading coil
reverses and maintains the flux in the part of the pole pieces, as the main coil current and
the pole pieces magnetic flux continue to decrease.
This is type of motor is used where 15 to 20watts power load is required such as
in time clocks, photographic instruments, hair driers, small fans, etc.
REGULATOR:
Electric fan regulator is used to control the speed of an ordinary fan. It
saves the power consumption. A simple and efficient method to regulate fan speed is
illustrated below.
R1
C1 R2 R4
R3
230V
AC C2
C C
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RESULT:
STUDY OF RESISTOR COLOUR CODING
EXPT NO: DATE:
AIM:
To find the value of given resistor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Resistor, multimeter.
COLOUR CODE:
NUMBER COLOUR
How can the value of a resistor be worked out
from the colours 0 Black of the bands? Each colour represents a
number according to the following scheme:
1 Brown
2 Red
3 Orange
4 Yellow
5 Green
6 Blue
7 Violet
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8 Grey
9 White
2011
The first band on a resistor is interpreted as the FIRST DIGIT of the resistor
value. For the resistor shown below, the first band is yellow, so the first digit is 4:
The second band gives the SECOND DIGIT. This is a violet band, making the
second digit 7. The third band is called the MULTIPLIER and is not interpreted in quite
the same way. The multiplier tells you how many noughts you should write after the
digits you already have. A red band tells you to add 2 noughts. The value of this resistor
is therefore 4 7 0 0 ohms, that is, 4 700 , or 4.7 . Work through this example again
to confirm that you understand how to apply the colour code given by the first three
bands.
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The remaining band is called the TOLERANCE band. This indicates the
percentage accuracy of the resistor value. Most carbon film resistors have a gold-
coloured tolerance band, indicating that the actual resistance value is with + or - 5% of
the nominal value. Other tolerance colours are:
Tolerance Colour
±1% Brown
±2% Red
±5% Gold
±10% Silver
When you want to read off a resistor value, look for the tolerance band, usually
gold, and hold the resistor with the tolerance band at its right hand end. Reading resistor
values quickly and accurately isn't difficult, but it does take practice!
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RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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GENERATION OF CLOCK SIGNAL
EXPT NO: DATE:
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AIM:
To generate the clock signal by using IC 741.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO APPARATUS NAME SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1 IC 741 1
2 Resistor 10,100,47K Each 1
3 Decade resistance box 5 dial 1
4 Decade capacitance box 5 dial 1
5 Bread board - 1
6 Connecting wire - As per require
7 CRO 30Mhz 1
8 Dc Power Supply 30V 1
THEORY:
A wide range square wave generator using IC uA741 is shown here.The circuit
uses positive feedback for Schmitt trigger action and negative feedback for timing of the
wave form.
Let us presume that the output is high and the capacitor C1 is fully discharged.C1
now starts charging via R2 and R1.When the voltage across C1 rises above that the
Junction of R3 & R4,the output quickly switches to fully negative voltage.C1 now starts
discharging and charges in the opposite direction.Again,when the negative voltage across
C1 falls below that at pin 3,the circuit switches back quickly to the fully positive output
value.The cycle repeats endlessly.
The frequency of the square wave can be varied by varying POT R1.The
frequency range of the circuit depends on the value of R3, R4 & C1.
CALCULATION:
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PROCEDURE:
 The circuit has to be powered from a +9/-9 V DC dual power supply .
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 The IC 1 must be mounted on an IC base.

 The frequency of output can be varied by varying POT R1.
 The frequency range can be adjusted by changing the value of R3,R4 or C1.
 The table given below gives the relationship between the values of C1 and the
frequency range covered.
RESULT:
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SOLDERING PRACTICE – COMPONENTS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS –

USING GENERAL PERPOSE PCB
EXPT NO: DATE:
AIM:
To assemble full wave bridge rectifier circuit on bread board, test if and then
solder it. Components mounted on either a printed circuit board or terminal board.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Diodes, capacitors, bread board, soldering rod, Terminal board, etc.,
PROCEDURE:
1. The bridge circuit is formed by using four diodes on bread board.

2. Capacitor and resistor also fixed.
3. Input supply is given to bridge circuit.
4. The output waveform is checked using CRO.
5. If the output is not correct, connections made are checked and
corresponding changes in components are made until the output waveform
is traced.
6. The components are removed from bread board and assembled on the
printed circuit board for soldering on it.
SOLDERING:
Joints are made by means of connection should be soldered to keep permanent

electrical continuity and strength. The solder used for connecting copper conductors
consists of an alloy made up of enamel parts of tin and lead, has a melting point of 200 C.
By inverting the percentage of tin, the melting point is reduced to around 170 C.
For effective soldering, it is essential that the conductor surfaces are
thoroughly changed before jointing and a free use made of a good type of these. The
function of flux is to keep the surface clean and prevent oxidation of conductor material.
The flux must have no corrosive action of the metal region being the safest of use.
RESULT:
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MEASUREMENT OF RIPPLE FACTOR OF HALF WAVE

RECTIFIER
EXPT NO: DATE:
AIM:
To construct precision half wave and full wave Rectifier using PN junction diode.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1 DC power supply 1
2 Diode IN4007 2
3 Resistance box …. 2
4 Function Generator … 1
5 CRO … 1
6 Bread board ….. 1
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER:
RIPPLE FACTOR
Ripple factor is defined as the ratio of Rms value of ac component to the dc component in
the output.
Ripple factor
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CALCULATION:
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THEORY: -
The Half wave rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to dc voltage. In

the Half wave rectifier circuit shown above the transformer serves two purposes.
It can be used to obtain the desired level of dc voltage (using step up or step down
transformers). It provides isolation from the power line.
The primary of the transformer is connected to ac supply. This induces an ac
voltage across the secondary of the transformer. During the positive half cycle of the
input voltage the polarity of the voltage across the secondary forward biases the diode.
As a result a current IL flows through the load resistor, RL. The forward biased diode
offers a very low resistance and hence the voltage drop across it is very small. Thus the
voltage appearing across the load is practically the same as the input voltage at every
instant.
During the negative half cycle of the input voltage the polarity of the secondary voltage
gets reversed. As a result, the diode is reverse biased. Practically no current flows
through the circuit and almost no voltage is developed across the resistor. All input
voltage appears across the diode itself. Hence we conclude that when the input voltage is
going through its positive half cycle, output voltage is almost the same as the input
voltage and during the negative half cycle no voltage is available across the load. This
explains the unidirectional pulsating dc waveform obtained as output. The process of
removing one half the input signals to establish a dc level is aptly called half wave
rectification.
PROCEDURE: -
 The connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

 Input signal is given as specified.
 Switch ON the LC power supply.
 Output waveform is measured using CRO for both half-wave and full-wave
Rectifier.
 Graph is drawn for Half -Wave Rectifier.
RESULT: -
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MEASUREMENT OF RIPPLE FACTOR OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
EXPT NO: DATE:
AIM:
To construct precision Full Wave Rectifier using PN junction diode.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1 DC power supply 1
2 Diode IN4007 2
3 Resistance box …. 2
4 Function Generator … 1
5 CRO … 1
6 Bread board ….. 1
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER:
RIPPLE FACTOR:
The ripple factor for a Full Wave Rectifier is given by
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2011
CALCULATION:
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2011
THEORY: -
A Full Wave Rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage into a pulsating

dc voltage using both half cycles of the applied ac voltage. It uses two diodes of which
one conducts during one half cycle while the other conducts during the other half cycle of
the applied ac voltage.
During the positive half cycle of the input voltage, diode D1 becomes forward
biased and D2 becomes reverse biased. Hence D1 conducts and D2 remains OFF. The
load current flows through D1 and the voltage drop across RL will be equal to the input
voltage.
During the negative half cycle of the input voltage, diode D1 becomes reverse
biased and D2 becomes forward biased. Hence D1 remains OFF and D2 conducts. The
load current flows through D2 and the voltage drop across RL will be equal to the input
voltage.
PROCEDURE: -
 The connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

 Input signal is given as specified.
 Switch ON the LC power supply.
 Output waveform is measured using CRO for full-wave Rectifier.
 Graph is drawn for full-wave Rectifier.
RESULT: -
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LOGIC GATES
EXPT NO: DATE:
AIM:
To study and Verify the truth tables of logic gates AND, OR, NOT, EX-OR.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
SL.NO COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1 Digital IC Trainer 1
-
2 IC ,7404,7432,7486,7408 4
-
3 Connecting wires - 1
AND GATE:
The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) only if all its
inputs are high. A dot (.) is used to show the AND operation i.e. A.B. Bear in mind that
this dot is sometimes omitted i.e. AB
OR GATE:
The OR gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) if one or more of
its inputs are high. A plus (+) is used to show the OR operation
NOT GATE
The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted version of the
input at its output. It is also known as an inverter. If the input variable is A, the inverted
output is known as NOT A. This is also shown as A', or A with a bar over the top, as
shown at the outputs. The diagrams below show two ways that the NAND logic gate can
be configured to produce a NOT gate. It can’t also be done using NOR logic gates in the
same way.
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EXOR GATE:
The 'Exclusive-OR' gate is a circuit which will give a high output if either, but not
both, of its two inputs are high. An encircled plus sign ( ) is used to show the EOR
operation.
PROCEDURE:
 The Connections are made as per the diagram

 The inputs for various logic gates are given
 The outputs are noted and verified with their truth table
RESULT:
55

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GE19 Engineering Practice Laboratory / Department Of EEE

STUDY OF ELECTRICAL TOOLS & SYMBOLS OF ELECTRICAL

PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT SHOCK:-

1 Care in handling all electrical apparatus is the only effective safeguard

GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS TO REPRESENT VARIOUS ELECTRICAL

One Way Switch

Two Way Switch

AC Current Single Phase 50C/S

AC Current Three Phase 3 50C/S

ROUND NOSE PLIERS:-

SIDE CUTTING PLIER (SIDE CUTTER):-

RESIDENTIAL HOUSE WIRING USING SWITCHES, FUSE, INDICATOR,

S.No Name of the tools Quantity

Screw driver 1 No.

S.NO COMPONENTS RANGE QUANTITY

STAIR CASE WIRING

Sl.No Name of the apparatus Range / Type Quantity

1 Incandescent Lamp 100W 1 No

2 Lamp Holder Pendent Type 1 No

3 SPDT Switch 230V,5A 1 No

Sl.No Name of the tools Quantity

2 Connector screw drivers 1 No

ON OFF NOT GLOW

OFF OFF GLOW

OFF ON NOT GLOW

OFF OFF NOT GLOW

FLUORESCENT LAMP WIRING

S.No Name of the apparatus Range / Type Quantity

fluorescent lamp fixture 4 ft 1 No

2 fluorescent lamp 40W 1 No

3 Choke 40W, 230V, 1 No

S.No Name of the tools Quantity

2 Connector screw drivers 1 No

1. While giving the connection be careful.

MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY BY USING SINGLE PHASE

MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY BY USING SINGLE PHASE

EXPT NO: DATE:

SI.No Equipment Range Nos

Measured Energy = No of impulse

Tabular Column: Energy Meter Constant=

Sl. V A Rev. for Actual True %Error

The product VI sinф is designated as reactive power, volt ampere reactive

Measurement of Power and Power Factor

MEASUREMENT OF EARTH RESISTANCE

MEASUREMENT OF POWER AND POWER FACTOR

EXPT NO: DATE:

Sl. V A Power Power

STUDY OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES

EXPT NO: DATE:

These are of two types namely automatic and non-automatic.

The above figure shows an assembled view of an electric iron.

AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC IRON:-

As shown in the circuit diagram, it consists of transformer which steps

FAN AND REGULATOR:-

FAN WITH CAPACITOR:

A paper capacitor is permanently connected in series with the auxiliary winding

FAN WITHOUT CAPACITOR:

It is a single phase induction motor provided with an auxiliary short circuited

STUDY OF RESISTOR COLOUR CODING