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    Hyd Ology

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    Ibsa
    Hydrology is the science dealing with the processes governing water resources on and within Earth. It includes the depletion and replenishment of surface and groundwater. Hydrometeorology discusses the movement of water and water vapor in the atmosphere. These sciences are used to design irrigation systems, flood controls, water supplies, and more. The hydrologic cycle represents the circulation of water between the atmosphere and Earth through processes like evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and infiltration.

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    Hyd Ology

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    Ibsa
    22 views4 pages
    Hydrology is the science dealing with the processes governing water resources on and within Earth. It includes the depletion and replenishment of surface and groundwater. Hydrometeorology discusses the movement of water and water vapor in the atmosphere. These sciences are used to design irrigation systems, flood controls, water supplies, and more. The hydrologic cycle represents the circulation of water between the atmosphere and Earth through processes like evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and infiltration.

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    Hydrology is the science dealing with the processes governing water resources on and within Earth. It includes the depletion and replenishment of surface and groundwater. Hydrometeorology discusses the movement of water and water vapor in the atmosphere. These sciences are used to design irrigation systems, flood controls, water supplies, and more. The hydrologic cycle represents the circulation of water between the atmosphere and Earth through processes like evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and infiltration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views4 pages

    Hyd Ology

    Uploaded by

    Ibsa
    Hydrology is the science dealing with the processes governing water resources on and within Earth. It includes the depletion and replenishment of surface and groundwater. Hydrometeorology discusses the movement of water and water vapor in the atmosphere. These sciences are used to design irrigation systems, flood controls, water supplies, and more. The hydrologic cycle represents the circulation of water between the atmosphere and Earth through processes like evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and infiltration.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    HYDROLOGY

    Hydrology: hydrology can be defined as the science that deals with


    the processes governing depletion and replenishment of water
    resources over and within the surfaces of earth in state of existence
    Hydrometeorology: Hydrometeorology is the science which discuss
    the movement of water and water vapor in the atmosphere
    Assessment of Stream flow can be done by using hydrology and
    Hydrometeorology
    By knowledge of these sciences hydrology and hydrometeorology ,we
    would be in a position to design irrigation and flood control works
    ,power projects, municipal and industrial water supply schemes etc
    Hydrologic cycle as a system
    The circulation of water in various forms to and from the earth can be
    represented as a system

    It can understand by two processes viz,the physical system through


    which the water passes and the dynamic process by which the
    movement occurs. The schematic representation of a system
    component as shown in fig

    The process may also be written as in the equation form

    Output=φ(input)
    Where φ is the response function of the catchment as system

    The input in above equation is the rainfall and the output is the
    direct surface runoff

    The operator φ transforms the input function into output function

    Hydrologic cycle

    The cyclic movement of water from the sea to the atmosphere by


    evaporation then from there by precipitation to the earth and finally
    through streams, rivers etc ,back to the sea is referred as hydrologic
    cycle.

    Hydrologic equation

    The hydrologic equation is simply the statement of the law of


    conservation of matter

    The general hydrologic equation over a certain time period may be


    expressed as

    Pm=Qm+Im+Em+Is+Ds+Sd

    Where Pm=mass precipitation

    Qm= mass surface runoff

    Im=total infiltration

    Em=mass evaporation and transpiration

    • Is=total interce ption

    • Ds=detention storage

    • Sd=depression storage
    Precipitation: this the major source of inflow and includes rainfall,
    snowfall, dew, frost, hail, sleet, etc. The most contribution to the
    inflow is rainfall

    Surface runoff: this is the portion of precipitation which appears as


    surface flow at gauging site after all losses such as interception,
    evaporation , transpiration, infiltration and soil moisture
    requirements have been met

    Qm=Pm-losses

    Infiltration: it is the process by which water enters the surface strata


    of the soil and makes its way downwards to the water table.

    The In filtered water first replenishes the soil moisture deficiency and
    the excess water moves downwards to become a part of ground
    water

    Evaporation and transpiration:

    Evaporation is the process by which water from liquid or solid state


    is converted into vapor form

    Transpiration is the process whereby the moisture that has been


    absorbed by the roots of the trees

    Interception: it is quantity of water that is intercepted by vegetation,


    buildings and other objectives which subsequently evaporates
    without contributing to the runoff

    Detention storage: As the precipitation starts some of water


    accumulating on the land surface. The overland flow contributing to
    the runoff is possible only when there is a finite depth of flow over
    the surface. The volume of water corresponding to this depth is
    called as detention storage. Subsequently some of these is lost due
    to evaporation and infiltration, while the rest flows as delayed runoff
    Depression storage: this is the quantity of water stored in small and
    large depressions, filling them to their overflow level.

    This quantity is gradually lost due evaporatation or infiltrates into the


    ground without contributing to the surface runoff

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