Bio CNG PDF

BIO CNG
PROJECT

CITIZEN CARE BIO

CNG PROJECTS

606, BLOCK C, NOIDA-1,

Complete SECTOR-62, PIN- 201309

Waste to Energy

TOLL NUMBER: 6299570623
Solutions
PROJECT DETAILS
STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
AND GOVT SUPPORT
TECHNOLOGY
PLANT AND MACHINERY
BIOGAS PLANT ORGANIC FERTILIZER
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

CITIZEN CARE BIO CNG PROJECTS

PROJECT DETAILS

2020
PROJECT DETAILS 2020

COMPRESSED BIO GAS (CBG) IN INDIA
1. India is among the fastest growing economy in the world and its energy consumption is slated to
increase rapidly. According to the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoP&NG) estimates,
India has a total reserve of 763 Million Metric Ton (MMT) of crude oil and 1,488 Billion Cubic
Meter (BCM) of natural gas. The country currently imports nearly 77% of its crude oil
requirements and about 50% of natural gas requirement, leading the Government of India to set a
target of reducing this import by at least 10% by 2022. Further, it has set a target of increasing the
contribution of gas in India’s energy mix from existing 6.5% (global average is 23.5%) to 15% by
2022.
2. Countries such as Germany, Italy, UK, France and Switzerland are promoting bio-gas usage
promoted by supporting legal frameworks, education schemes and the availability of technology.
Biogas produced in European countries is mostly fed into local natural gas grids and used for
power generation. Grid injection is most common in European states followed by vehicles fueled
with biogas (either pure or in blend with natural gas) and biogas is also used for heating
purposes either directly or blended to natural gas.
3. The number of biogas plants in Germany has doubled to nearly 9,000 plants from 4,136 plants
in 2010. The total biogas production capacity of the plants is 8.98 Billion Cubic Meter (BCM)
equivalent to 6.6 Million Metric Ton (MMT). They are primarily operated by farmer co-operatives
and utilize crops like maize or turnips as feedstock in their plants.
4. Vide Gazette Notification no. 395 dated 16th June 2015, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways,
Government of India had permitted usage of bio-compressed natural gas (bio-CNG) for motor
vehicles as an alternate composition of the compressed natural gas (CNG).
5. Government of India has released the National Policy on Biofuels 2018 vide gazette notification no.
33004/99 dated 8.6.2018. The policy emphasizes on promotion of advanced Biofuels including
CBG.
6. The Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan (GOBAR-DHAN) scheme was launched by
Government of India to convert cattle dung and solid waste in farms to Bio-CNG (CBG) and
compost. GOBAR-DHAN scheme proposes to cover 700 projects across the country in 2018-19.
Page 1


BASIC DETAILS OF THE PROJECT
1. Waste / Bio-mass sources like agricultural residue, poultry waste, cattle dung, sugarcane press
mud, municipal solid waste and sewage treatment plant waste, etc. produce bio-gas through the
process of anaerobic decomposition. The main objective of the project is to set up a compressed
biogas plant to sale the Bio CNG to the local vehicles at around Rs. 55 per kG. The plant also
produces organic manure in large quantity which can be sold at about Rs. 1.5 per kg in open
market.
A standard biogas plant of capacity 6000 Cubic Meter per day can be used. We also know that 1
CU M raw biogas gives 400 Gram compressed biogas.
BASIC CAPACITY OF THE PLANT 6000

(Cubic Meter Raw Biogas Production)
GAS STORAGE CAPACITY (Cubic Meter) 3000
DUNG MIXING TANK WITH STIRRER (Cubic Meter) 200
SLURRY FEEDING TANK (Cubic Meter) 200
DIGESTER SLURRY EVACUATION TANK (Cubic Meter) 500

2. The biogas is purified to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor and
compressed as Compressed Biogas (CBG), which has methane (CH4) content of more than 90.
CBG has calorific value and other properties similar to CNG and hence can be utilized as green
renewable automotive fuel. Thus, it can replace CNG in automotive, industrial and commercial
areas, given the abundance biomass availability within the country.
3. The biogas produced contains approximately 55% to 60% methane, 40% to 45% carbon dioxide
and trace amounts of hydrogen sulphide. Biogas is purified to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen
sulphide gases to prepare CBG. The CBG is to be compressed at 250 Bar and supplied through
Cascades to the Retail Outlets. The CBG can be transported through either cylinder cascades or
pipelines to retail outlets.
Page 2


The total Biogas and bio manure produced per day as per the capacity are following:
BIOGAS PLANT CAPACITY (CUBIC METER PER DAY) 6000
ENRICHED BIOGAS CAPACITY (Nm3 per day) 3300
ENRICHED BIOGAS CAPACITY (Kg per day) 2400
ORGANIC FERTILIZER (30% moisture) (MT/day) (FROM DUNG) 30.0
ORGANIC FERTILIZER (30% moisture) (MT/year) 10,950

i.
4. SALE THROUGH GOVT. OIL MARKETING COMPANIES: To be retailed through OMCS / fixed
for three years from 1.10.2018 / the price will be reviewed at the end of 3 years: Producer shall
deliver CBG (within 25 Km, an indicative maximum distance), at Public sector Oil Marketing
Companies’ existing or new Retail Outlet / Stand-alone Selling Point, through Cascades. The
equipment for dispensing CBG at Public sector Oil Marketing Companies’ existing or new
Retail Outlet / Stand-alone Selling Point shall be installed and maintained by Public sector
Oil Marketing Companies’, however, the CBG nozzles shall be manned and operated by RO
Dealer. Electricity expenses towards dispensing of CBG through sale point shall be
reimbursed to the Party who is actually bearing the costs. The outlet flange of the Cascade /
Inlet Flange of Compressor at the Retail Outlet shall be the Point of Sale for CBG. The
cascade to remain connected to the compressor at retail outlet till the dispensation is
operationally feasible.
Page 3


SALE PRICES:
Item Unit Price
Basic Price of CBG meeting IS 16087 : 2016

standard, compressed at 250 bar and delivered at Rs./kg 46.00
OMC Retail Outlet in cascades
GST at 5% Rs./kg 2.30
Total supply price (incl. GST) to be paid to party Rs./kg 48.30
Additionally, an element of Rs. 2 per kg of CBG towards cost of setting up of infrastructure e.g.
booster compressor, dispensing unit, etc. at retail outlet and Rs. 0.50 per kg of CBG towards
electricity charges for operation of booster compressor, dispensing unit, etc. at retail outlet,
shall be provided to OMC or APPLICANT, as per whosoever sets up infrastructure at retail
outlet.
5. OWN SALES: Once operational, the Project can also generate revenues through the own sales of
CBG, and fertilizer. The CBG can be profitably sold to the local VEHICLES at a comparative quality
and a price of Rs. 55/- per Kg, a price less expensive to the current CNG. The dry Bio-fertilizer is to be
sold at Rs. 1.5/kg.
6. ANNUAL INPUT REQUIREMENT: The main raw material required for plant is cow dung or poultry
droppings or Biomass or Press Mud. This will be procured from dairy and farms in nearby areas.
Water is required for process. A tube-well will be installed for meeting water requirements.
The supply of cow dung is available at Rs. 300 per ton delivered at site and ready to use (for
financial modelling, same rate of Rs. 300 per ton has been taken). Poultry Litter will be available at
Rs. 450 per ton. If Biomass waste and Press Mud are available, they can also be used. Biomass
waste will be available at Rs.1250 per ton. We can always mix these wastes as per the availability.
Page 4


Below we are giving approximate quantities of the requirements. Combination of any of these can also
work in proportionate quantity.
PLANT CAPACITY, CUM 6000

DUNG REQUIRED DAILY (TON) 120
Or
POULTRY DROPPINGS (TON) 40
Or
BIOMASS WASTE (TON) 35
Or
PRESS MUD (TON) 40

PLANT CAPACITY, CUM 6000

Normal Water (Litres / day) 25,000

Recycled Water (Litres / day) 75,000

Electric Load (Maximum) kW 100

7. PLANT AND MACHINERY: The entire plant and machinery is easily available from many different
suppliers from India and abroad. The know-how is also available from very reliable sources from
abroad. The plant for 350 days per year, using sophisticated and proven CSTR (Continually stirred
tank reactor) technology. Anaerobic digestion is a renewable energy generation process in which
microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic digestion
technology was developed long back and commercialized in Europe and is technically considered
a low-risk, high-output technology.

8. LAND AND BUILDING: The buildings for the project will consist of cylinder filling room,
administrative office, security room, etc. The provision for tube well, foundations for equipment’s,
internal roads etc. have also to be made.
To ensure continuous supply of the waste, location of the plant has to be in rural background away
from city limits. The land is needed for the planned biogas capacity, storage of cow dung & poultry
droppings or other waste and organic manure produced.
Page 5


PLANT CAPACITY (CUM) 6000
AREA REQUIRED (Sq. Meter) 10,000
COVERED AREA REQUIRED (Sq. ft.) 5000
9. OPERATIONS: The unit will give employment to at least 15 persons. The maximum capacity
utilization taken is 90%. For marketing the product, we have to take care of requirements of the
different bulk consumers in the AREA.
DAILY OPERATING HOURS: 18 Hours.
Page 6


IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

PHASE ACTIVITIES TIME REQUIRED FUNDS REQUIRED
IN MONTHS FOR IN % OF THE
THE ACTIVITY PROJECT COST
1. COMPANY FORMATION
• Company name approval
• Company incorporation
• Issue of Certificate
• Commencement of Business certificate
TOTAL TIME AND COST FOR THE 1 0.25%
PHASE

2. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
• Site selection 1 5.0 %
• Detailed Project Report 1 1.0 %
• PESO license application 1 0.5 %
• Documentation for Loans 1 2.0 %
TOTAL TIME AND COST FOR THE 3 8.5 %
PHASE

3. DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
• Detailed design and engineering
PHASE

4. CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING
• Order for the Plant and Machinery 1 10.0 %
• Start of civil work 1 10.0 %
• Completion of the civil work of the 3 20.0 %
digester
• Completion of the entire mechanical 1
work of the digester and biogas holder
• Fabrication and commissioning of 3 20.0 %
purification unit
• Commissioning of the compressor 1 15.0 %
system
• Completion of the slurry system 1 5.0 %
• Commissioning of the complete 3 8.25 %
system
PHASE

Page 7


STATUTORY
REQUIREMENTS AND
GOVT. SUPPORT

2020
STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS AND GOVT. SUPPORT

2020

STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
APPROVAL FROM STATE NODAL AGENCY

We need to submit a Detailed Project Report to the state Govt. for approval. It helps in getting subsidy and
other benefits offered by the Govt.
POLLUTION CONTROL APPROVALS:

We have to apply for obtaining following permissions from respective state pollution control boards:
ü ‘Consent to establish’ (NOC) under the provisions of the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
and Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
ü ‘Consent to operate’ u/s 25/26 of the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and/or u/s 21 of
the Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
ü Authorization under Rule 5 of the Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary
Movement) Rules, 2008.
CHANGE OF LAND USE PERMISSION

We also have to get clearances under change of land use from state housing and urban development
department.
GAS CYLINDERS RULES, 2016.

There are regulatory requirements for filling of Compressed Biogas. We have to obtain a license to fill
compressed biogas cylinders from Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organization, (PESO) (Govt. of India) under
Gas Cylinders Rules, 2016. For this an online application has to be filled up. License requires payment of a fee.
License to dispense Compressed Biogas in vehicles in a station is also granted under it.
CANAL WATER/GROUND WATER USAGE APPROVAL

We have to submit an application to Central Ground water authority to get the approval.
NOC FROM FOREST DEPT.

We have to submit an application to Forest authority to get the approval.
NOC FROM VILLAGE PANCHAYAT

We have to get NOC from village Panchayat.
CLEARANCE FROM CHIEF ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR

We have to submit an application and get the approval.
NOC FROM DISTRICT FIRE OFFICER

We have to submit an application to Fire department and get the approval.
Page 1


2020

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
PROGRAMME ON ENERGY FROM URBAN, INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES/RESIDUES
DURING 12TH PLAN PERIOD
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India supports Biogas Power Plants under above
program. Following projects for Production of Power from biogas produced from sewage and industrial wastes
or from Urban and Agricultural wastes through biomethanation gets subsidy under this programme.
i) Projects based on any bio-waste from urban, agricultural, industrial/agro – industrial sector (excluding
bagasse).
ii) Projects for co-generation /power generation and production of bio-CNG from biogas.
iii) Mixing of other wastes of renewable nature, including rice husk, bagasse, sewage, cow-dung, other biomass
and industrial effluents (excluding distillery effluents) will be permissible.
There will be no minimum / maximum limit on capacity of projects supported under this program;

AMOUNT OF CAPITAL SUBSIDY TO THE PROMOTERS:
WASTES/PROCESSES/TECHNOLOGIES CAPITAL SUBSIDY
1. Bio-CNG / Enriched Biogas from Urban Rs 4.0 crore.
waste / Agricultural wastes / Industrial Per 4800 kgs of Bio CNG/day generated from
waste / Effluents or mix of these wastes. 12000 m3 Biogas /day.
NO INCOME TAX
Under Section 80JJA: Deduction in respect of profits and gains from business of collecting and processing of bio-
degradable waste is allowed. Only MAT 18.5% has to be paid on the income.
NO FEES CHARGED FOR CHANGE OF LAND USE PERMISSION - NO CONVERSION CHARGES FOR SETTING UP
OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS IN AGRICULTURE ZONE.
We do not have to pay fees for application under change of land use from state housing and urban development
department.
LONG TERM PURCHASE AGREEMENT SIGNED BY INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED AT THE CNG RATES
IOCL will sign long term agreement at the present rates declared of CNG.
CUSTOM DUTY CONCESSIONS

Equipment for the project can be imported without custom duty concessions. Ministry’s Notification No.
33/2005 CE Dated: 08.09.2005.
INDUSTRY STATUS
Loan is available from institute and banks.
LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT TAX EXEMPTED.
Page 2


2020

OTHER FINANCIAL SUPPORT
GOLD STANDARD CARBON CREDITS

As per the prevailing practices any effort by an organization to reduce Green House Gas emissions, will be
awarded with the carbon credits. These credits are sold in the advanced countries. This system is called the Gold
voluntary carbon market.
The Gold Standard (GS) seeks to provide a credible but simple set of criteria that will provide integrity to the
voluntary carbon market. In particular, the GS will ensure that all project-based voluntary emission reductions
that are independently verified to meet its criteria – defined as Carbon credits - represent real, quantifiable,
additional and permanent project-based emission reductions.
The Gold Standard was established in 2003 by WWF and other NGO to provide assurance of integrity, effective
regulation and strong governance in carbon markets and, more broadly, to define, demonstrate and drive best
practice in international compliance carbon markets. It is the only ‘compliance grade’ standard also operating
in the voluntary market and is structured to operate as a genuine regulator on behalf of civil society in these
markets.
A project of 6000 CU M capacity will receive about 25000 carbon credits per year for next 20 years. It will mean
a gain of Rs 40 Lakh per year at the present market rates of carbon credits.
Page 3


TECHNOLOGY

2020
TECHNOLOGY 2020

BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY
BIOMETHANATION
Bio-methanation process is one of the most essential processes for treating the Bio-degradable portion of Solid
Waste. In this process the organic matter is converted into biogas that is a very useful form of energy. For the
bio-methanation process, the bio-methanation process reactor, called Bio-digester are used in which the
temperature and atmosphere is controlled for the process to occur. Anaerobic processing of organic material is
a two-stage process, where large organic polymers are fermented into short-chain volatile fatty acids. These
acids are then converted into methane and carbon dioxide. Both the organic polymers fermentation process and
acid conversion occur at the same time, in a single-phase system. The separation of the acid-producing (acid-
organic) bacteria from the methane producing (methano-genic) bacteria results in a two-phase system.
The main feature of anaerobic treatment is the concurrent waste stabilization and production of methane gas,
which is an energy source. The retention time for solid material in an anaerobic process can range from a few
days to several weeks, depending upon the chemical characteristics of solid material and the design of the bio-
gasification system (e.g., single stage, two-stage, multi-stage, wet or dry, temperature and pH control). In the
absence of oxygen, anaerobic bacteria decompose organic matter as follows:
The conditions for bio-gasification need to be anaerobic, for which a totally enclosed process vessel is required.
Although this necessitates a higher level of technology than compared to composting, it allows a greater control
over the process itself and the emission of noxious odours. Greater process control, especially of temperature,
allows a reduction in treatment time, when compared to composting. Since a biogas plant is usually vertical, it
also required less area than a composting plant.
Biomethane, after installation of the requisite equipment, is essentially free, as opposed to buying natural gas.
Bio-methane has similar qualities of methane and both are used in interchangeably, and each may be a substitute
for the other.
Organic matter + anaerobic bacteria ---- CH4 + CO2 + H2S+ NH3 +

other end products + energy
Biogas is a mixture of gases composed of following:

• Methane (CH4) 40 - 70 % by volume,
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) 30 – 60 % by volume,
• Other gases 1 – 5 % by volume including hydrogen (H2) 0-1
% by volume and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) 0 – 3 % by volume.
Page 1

TECHNOLOGY 2020

KG WASTE REQUIRED PER CUBIC METER OF BIOGAS GENERATION (APPOX.)

S.NO. FEED MATERIAL
1. Cattle Dung 20
2. Poultry Waste 8
3. Horse dung/ mule dung/ elephant dung 10-15
4. Food waste: Pre and post cooked leftover food from 10-12
households, hotels and canteens.
5. Green waste (vegetable market waste): Vegetable 10-12
refuses from Vegetable Markets or kitchens.
6. Paddy straw/ wheat straw/ mushroom spent waste: 5-8
Lawn cuttings, leafy biomass, dried flowers, finely
chopped and ground straw.
7. Press Mud 10
8. De-oiled rice bran 3-4
9. De-oiled seed cake (Pongamia/ Jatropha) 3-4
10. Segregated municipal solid waste (biodegradable) 10-15
11. Slaughter house waste (blood, flesh and left over food 5-10
in the gut of animal)
12. Algae or plants material recovered from water bodies
13. ETP and STP grease and sludge.
14. Used vegetable oil
BIO-METHANE FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS

Anaerobic processes could either occur naturally or in a controlled environment such as a biogas plant. Organic
waste such as livestock manure and various types of bacteria are put in an airtight container called digester so
the process could occur. Depending on the waste feedstock and the system design, biogas is typically 55 to 75
percent pure methane. State-of-the-art systems report producing biogas that is more than 95 percent pure
methane.
The primary component of an AD system is the anaerobic digester, a waste vessel containing bacteria that digest
the organic matter in waste streams under controlled conditions to produce Biomethane. As an effluent, AD
yields nearly all of the liquid that is fed to the digester. This remaining fluid consists of mostly water and is
recycled to flush manure from the swine building to the digester.
Page 2

TECHNOLOGY 2020

HYDROGEN SULFIDE REMOVAL

Hydrogen sulfide is a corrosive gas. Presence of carbon-dioxide in the bio-gas reduces its calorific value. Hence
the bio-gas needs to be purified. Various technologies are used for removal of hydrogen sulfide, as detailed
below:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES TO REMOVE HYDROGEN SULPHIDE

Method Efficiency Cap Cost O&M Complexity
Biological Fixation Moderate Moderate Low Moderate
Iron chloride dosing Moderate Low Moderate Low
Water scrubbing High High Moderate High
Activated Carbon High High Moderate Moderate
Iron Hydroxide or Oxide High Moderate Moderate Moderate
Sodium Hydroxide High Moderate High Moderate
CARBON DI OXIDE REMOVAL

Fig. 3 : PSA System
• PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION (PSA)
This technology is most prevalent for
large bio-gas systems in India. With this
technique, carbon dioxide is separated
from the biogas by adsorption on a
surface under elevated pressure. The
adsorbing material,
usually activated carbon or zeolites, is regenerated by a sequential decrease in pressure before the column
is reloaded again, hence the name of the technique. Hydrogen sulphide and water needs to be removed
before the PSA-column. There is significant loss of methane (20-30%) in this process.
• WATER SCRUBBING
Carbon dioxide has a higher solubility in water than
methane. Carbon dioxide will therefore be dissolved to
a higher extent than methane, particularly at lower
temperatures. In the scrubber column carbon dioxide is
dissolved in the water, while the methane concentration
in the gas phase. There are technologies available
through which 97% purity of methane can be achieved
with minimal (<5%) methane loss.
Page 3

TECHNOLOGY 2020

• MEMBRANE SEPARATION
Dry membranes for biogas upgrading are made of materials that are permeable to carbon dioxide, water and
ammonia. Hydrogen sulphide, and oxygen permeate through the membrane to some extent while nitrogen
and methane only pass to a very low extent. Usually membranes are in the form of hollow fibers bundled
together.
• CHEMICAL SCRUBBING - MONOETHYLAMMINE (MEA) SYSTEM

This is one of the best systems for bio-gas purification achieving 99.9% purity with negligible loss of methane. The
systems are being extensively used in Germany for purification of bio-gas. Carbon dioxide is not only
absorbed in the liquid, but also reacts chemically with the amine in the liquid. Since the chemical reaction is
strongly selective, the methane loss might be as
low as <0.1%.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES TO REMOVE CARBON DIOXIDE

Water Mono-ethylammine
Parameter PSA
Scrubber (MEA) system
Pre- H2S removal required Yes No Yes
Working pressure (bar) 4-7 4-7 No pressure
Methane loss 20-30% 5-10% <0.1%
Methane content in upgraded gas >96% >97% >99%
Electricity consumption (kWh/m3) 0.25 <0.25 <0.15
COMPRESSED BIOGAS STANDARD

Compressed Bio Gas (CBG) to be supplied shall meet IS 16087:2016 specifications of BIS (detailed below) and
any other further revisions in the said specifications.

Page 4

TECHNOLOGY 2020

Table: Composition of CBG
IS 16087 : 2016 Standard

S No. Characteristic Requirement
1 Methane percentage (CH4), minimum 90.0 %
2 Only Carbon Dioxide percentage (CO2),, maximum 4%
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)+ Nitrogen (N2)+ Oxygen (O2)
3 10%
percentage maximum
4 Oxygen (O2) percentage maximum 0.5%
5 Total sulphur (including H2S) mg/m3, maximum 20 mg/m3
6 Moisture mg/m3, maximum 5 mg/m3
Also as per the IS 16087:2016 specifications, the following shall also be met
i. CBG shall be free from liquids over the entire range of temperature and pressure
encountered in storage and dispensing system
ii. The CBG shall be free from particulate matter such as dirt, dust, etc.
iii. CBG delivered shall be odorized similar to a level found in local distribution (ref. IS 15319)
COMPARISON WITH OTHER FUELS

Fuel Calorific Value Tariff/Rate/Cost
CNG 52000 kJ/kg Rs. 60.0/kg
Purified Biogas (CBG) 52000 kJ/kg Rs. 55/kg
LPG (Commercial) 46000 kJ/kg Rs. 65.7/kg
Auto LPG 46000 kJ/kg Rs. 74.0/kg
LPG (Domestic) 46000 kJ/kg Rs. 40/kg
Petrol 48000 kJ/kg Rs. 75.5/ltr
Diesel 44800 kJ/kg Rs. 70.3/ltr
USING THE EFFLUENT

The material drawn from the digester is called sludge, or effluent. It is rich in nutrients (ammonia, phosphorus,
potassium, and more than a dozen trace elements) and is an excellent soil conditioner. It is being used widely as
organic fertilizer. Any toxic compounds (pesticides, etc.) that are in the digester feedstock material may become
concentrated in the effluent. Therefore, it is important to test the effluent before using it on a large scale.
Waste coming out of the digester can be separated (solid/liquid) to use the solid part as fertilizer and use the
liquid part as fertilizing irrigation or to be treated further for rejection in nature.
Page 5

TECHNOLOGY 2020

The digested slurry can also be fed directly to the crop through the irrigation channels or it can be stored and
used later whenever required. To derive maximum benefits from the stored digested slurry, it is essential to
prevent its exposure to the sun as any such exposure would result in loss of ammonical nitrogen content of the
slurry. It is advisable to dig, two or three manure pits near the biogas plant. The slurry is then carried and stored
in these pits which are covered with solid waste from the farm.
The fresh biogas slurry when used by mixing with irrigation water to growing crops gives better yields as
compared to other modes of its applications.
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Thermal Application: Biogas Plants could be used for any heating, melting, burning, drying process where an
operating temperature is up to 1250 degree centigrade is required. Thermal application is done either by filling
the compressed biogas in cylinders and then taking those cylinders to the application site.
Other than use as a automotive fuel, some of the other potential applications of Biogas are as under:
• Institutional Cooking/Hotels / Restaurants/Food Processing/Bakeries/Tea / Coffee processing

• Steel re-rolling mills and forgings/Charcoal production/Textile Dyeing
• Heat treatment furnaces/Lime kiln and other industrial kilns Ceramic Kiln
• Melting & Heating of Non-ferrous metals/Annealing & heat treatment/Lube oil refineries
• Namkeen and sweat industries
• Boilers/Thermal Fluid heaters/Galvanizing furnaces
• Plywood Industries/Candy Manufacturers/Rubber & Footwear industries/Silk dyeing and carpet units.
BENEFITS OF BIOGAS PLANTS

• A non-polluting and renewable source of energy is created in biogas plants. Under the process organic waste
is converted to useful fuel. It is an excellent way of energy conversion. Compressed biogas or electrical power
can be used in Industries, Canteens, Restaurant, Hotels, Hostels, Sweet shop, Dhabas, etc.
• It leads to energy security via conservation of natural resources (LPG, wood, kerosene, coal, etc.).
• Many types of raw material (other than dung) can be used in the plant: Kitchen Waste, Vegetable & Fruit
Market Waste, Agro & Farm Waste, Food Processing Waste and other Bio Degradable Waste.
• It destroys Methane, which is a potent greenhouse gas with a heat trapping capacity of approximately 21
times that of carbon-di-oxide. It thus leads to reduction of global warming.
Page 6

TECHNOLOGY 2020

• Biogas plants also produce enriched organic manure. This can be used as fertilizers. Liquid slurry is rich in
micro & macro nutrients along with NPK and can be directly applied in fields. It leads to soil improvement due
to high nitrogen contents.
• Biogas as a gas provides improvement in the environment, sanitation and hygiene by proper management of
waste.
• It improves ground water quality as anaerobic digestion provides several water quality benefits.
• Biogas digesters can destroy more than 90% of disease causing bacteria that can otherwise enter surface
water. Thus it reduces risk to human and animal health.
Page 7


PLANT AND
MACHINERY

2020
PLANT AND MACHINERY 2020

COMPRESSED BIOGAS SYSTEM
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Bio Degradable RECEIVING
Material
TANK
(Tank with stirrer)
Normal Water –
Underground water
DIGESTER
(Anaerobic Digester) Water recycle
EXCESS GAS
FLARING SYSTEM EFFLUENT BUFFER
TANK
Raw Biogas Biogas Slurry (Slurry evacuation)
DOUBLE MEMBRANE TOP BALLOON

(Gas storage system)
DECANTER CENTRIFUGE
(Slurry dewatering)
WET SCRUBBER
Dried Slurry
BIOGAS ONLINE MONITORING
(Sensor based system)
SETTLING AND
AERATION TANK
HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSOR (Water recovery for recycle)
BIO – CNG ORGANIC

FERTILIZER
BAGGING
Page 1


DESCRIPTION & OPERATION OF THE SECTIONS OF THE COMPRESSED BIOGAS PLANT
1. BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANT:
It deals in generation of biogas from Cow Dung or Poultry droppings. Biogas is produced in an anaerobic digester
i.e. a Biogas plant. Biogas in its natural self consists of Methane gas, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide, Moisture
and traces of other gases. These are the components of the section:
I. RECEIVING TANK: The Dung is mixed with water in the receiving tank with the help of mechanical stirrer.
The ratio of the mixing of water and waste depends upon quality of material. The material is thoroughly
mixed till homogeneous slurry is formed.
II. INLET PIPE: The slurry is moved into the digester through the inlet pipe.
III. DIGESTER: The mixed slurry is then fed to the anaerobic digester for production of biogas. It is equipped
with a stirrer and heating system. Inside the digester, the slurry is fermented. Biogas is produced through
bacterial action. Temperature is maintained around 35°C.
IV. DOUBLE MEMBRANE TOP BALLOON: The biogas thus formed gets collected in the gas holder. It holds
the gas till the time it is transported for purification. A separate biogas balloon can work as gas holder.
V. EFFLUENT BUFFER TANK: The slurry is discharged into the outlet tank. This is done through the outlet
pipe or the opening in the digester.
VI. EXCESS GAS FLARING SYSTEM: The excess gas flaring system is provided to flare the bio gas when the
engine generator set is under maintenance & storage is full. As methane is a greenhouse gas and highly
flammable, it cannot be allowed to evacuate freely in to atmosphere.
Page 2


2. PURIFICATION PLANT:
Biogas is an economical, renewable and an eco-friendly fuel. Biogas produced in anaerobic digester consists of
Moisture, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide and Methane gas. Methane has a high calorific value in its pure stage.
Due to the presence of impurities Biogas becomes a very low calorific value fuel and hence finds a very limited
application even though it is cheap and easily available.
We have to extract pure and high calorific value fuel methane from low calorific fuel Biogas to make it suitable
for compression. Once pure Methane is available in suitable quality and quantity it finds a wide range of
applications from Motor car Engine, as cooking fuel and to operating a Gas Turbine for rural power generation.
Main components of the section:
I. WET SCRUBBER: Biogas generated from the digester is allowed to flow through moisture traps. This
process drains out the water droplets present in the gas. Raw Biogas is compressed by the Low Pressure
Compressor and fed to the bottom of Packed Tower and from the top water is sprayed through water
Rota pump. Gas and water interact inside the tower in counter current; as a result, carbon dioxide and
hydrogen sulphide dissolve in water. Water with dissolved gases exits from the bottom of tower and
releases dissolved gases in the cooling tower at atmospheric pressure. The Physical Absorption Device is
a specially designed modern high pressure combined directional flow device for cleaning Biogas of its
high impurities.
II. PSA DRIER: Enriched gas exiting from top of tower contains moisture which is removed by PSA at
scrubber pressure.
III. BIOGAS ONLINE MONITORING: A monitoring device is fitted after the filters to gauge the quantum of
different gases H2S, CO2, CH4 and Moisture present in the gas.
Page 3


3. BOTTLING AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:
It deals in compressing and filling Methane in a Gas Bottle:
I. HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSOR: The gas is compressed at 200 bar pressure and distributed through Biogas
cylinders to users. This pressure is considered suitable to fill up a Cascade of Biogas cylinders. This Bottle
Rack can then be connected to a standard CNG Dispenser unit. Now this purified Biogas is ready to be
used as Fuel, it is renamed as CBG - COMPRESSED BIOGAS.
Page 4


4. CONTROL SYSTEM:
Page 5


5. SLURRY DEWATER AND BAGGING SYSTEM:
I. SCREW PRESS: Slurry from effluent buffer tank is passed through screw press for Separation of coarse
solids from fine & liquid matter.
II. SETTLING AND AERATION TANK: Residual Slurry is made to pass through settling tank, aeration tank &
secondary clarifier for recycling to process again.
III. BAGGING MACHINE: Solid waste created in decanter centrifuge and Clarifier is passed through drying
yard and bagged.
Page 6

BIOGAS PLANT ORGANIC FERTILIZER 2020

BIOGAS PLANT
ORGANIC
FERTILIZER

BIOGAS PLANT ORGANIC FERTILIZER 2020

DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIC MANURE FROM BIOGAS SLURRY

One ton of slurry provides 44 kg of nutrients as compared to 19 kg through farmyard manure and 27 kg by
compost. Micro nutrients such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) present in the original material are
also recovered in biogas slurry and can proved useful to crops when used as organic manure. The nutrient
composition of slurry manure is shown in Table:
S. NO. PARAMETER AMOUNT

1. Total Nitrogen (%) 1.40 – 1.84
2. Total Phosphorous (%) 1.10 – 1.72
3. Total Potash (%) 0.84 – 1.34
4. Organic Carbon (%) 35.0 – 38.4
5. Zinc (mg/kg) 103 – 116
6. Copper (mg/kg) 51 – 68
7. Manganese (mg/kg) 231 – 295
8. Iron (mg/kg) 3200 – 3600
9. Carbon / Nitrogen ratio 10 – 15
10. Organic matter 65%
The digested slurry can be fed directly to the crop through the irrigation channels or it can be stored and used
later whenever required. To derive maximum benefits from the stored digested slurry, it is essential to prevent
its exposure to the sun as any such exposure would result in loss of ammonical nitrogen content of the slurry. It
is advisable to dig, two or three manure pits near the biogas plant. The slurry is then carried and stored in these
pits which are covered with solid waste from the farm.
The fresh biogas slurry when used by mixing with irrigation water to growing crops gives better yields as
compared to other modes of its applications.
The organic manure produces is recommended for following crops:

• Short term crops: Vegetables and Fodder
• Mid-term crops: Wheat, cotton, Rice, Potato, Sugarcane and Maize
• Long term crops: Kinnow, Guava, Grapes, Mango, Lemon and Apple.
CROPS DOSES TIME OF APPLICATION

Wheat, Rice, Maize and Cotton 200-400 Kg/Acre During preparation of Land for Sowing
Half Dose of Manure during
Sugarcane, Potato 400-800 Kg/Acre preparation of Land and remaining
half after two-three months of sowing
Vegetable 200-400 Kg/Acre 20-30 Days after plantation
Kinnow, Guava, Grapes, Mango,
5-10 Kg/tree Two times in a year
Lemon and Apple.


FINANCE

2020
FINANCE
2020

PROJECT FINANCE
LOAN FROM IREDA

Loan for the project is available from IREDA. We do not require any guarantee for the loan. But we need to get a
credit rating from a rating agency. They provide loan at about 12 % rate. They finance 50% of the project cost.
LEASE FINANCE
20% of the project finance we can get lease from any private finance company.
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IS ENCLOSED.
Page 1
FEASIBILITY OF BIO CNG PLANT PROJECT
INSTALLED CAPACITY: 6000 CUM

COW DUNG WITH POULTRY DROPPINGS AS RAW MATERIAL
A CAPITAL COST ESTIMATE RS. IN LAKH

1 Land (10,000 SQ. MTR. @ 500/-) 80.00
2 Civil works & Building (900 sq. mtr.) 60.00
3 Complete plant and machinery 950.00
4 Other fixed assets 25.00
5 Pre-operative expenses 60.00
6 Contingencies 20.00
7 Margin money for working capital 35.00
TOTAL 1230.00
B MEANS OF FINANCE RS. IN LAKH

1 Equity of the promoters, 30% 369.00
2 Term loan, 70% 861.00
TOTAL 1230.00
Subsidy 200.00
Term loan after subsidy 661.00
C BASIS OPERATING YEARS

1ST 2ND 3RD
No. of working days 365 365 365
BIO CNG Production in TON 788.4 788.4 788.4
Organic manure production in Ton 6570 6570 6570
% Utilization of the capacity 90% 90% 90%
No. of shifts 3 3 3
D COST OF OPERATION RS. IN LAKH

PLANT EXPENSES
Raw Material 88.70 88.70 88.70
Salary and wages 30.00 30.00 30.00
Utilities (Power) 36.00 36.00 36.00
Misc. plant expenses 2.50 2.50 2.50
Repairs and Maintenance 15.00 15.00 15.00
Insurance 7.00 7.00 7.00
OFFICE EXPENSES
Sales expenses 5.50 5.50 5.50
Professional fees 2.50 2.50 2.50
Administrative expenses 6.00 6.00 6.00
ESTIMATED COST OF OPERATION 193.19 193.19 193.19
E TOTAL SALES AS CALCULATED RS. IN LAKH

BIO CNG SALE @ RS. 48.3 / kg (Including GST) 380.80 380.80 380.80
MANURE SALE PRICE OF RS. 2.0 PER KG 131.40 131.40 131.40
CARBON CREDITS 25,000 @ 150 PER UNIT 37.50 37.50 37.50
TOTAL SALES AS CALCULATED 549.70 549.70 549.70
F PROFITABILITY RS. IN LAKH

Gross profit before interest (E-D) 356.51 356.51 356.51
Depreciation @ 10% WDV 103.50 93.15 83.84
Interest on term loan and WC at 10.5% 80.43 73.49 66.55
Financial expenses (Depr., Interest) 183.93 166.64 150.38
NET OPERATING PROFIT 172.58 189.87 206.12
G CASH FLOW RS. IN LAKH

Tax (@12.5) 21.57 23.73 25.77
Retained profits 151.00 166.13 180.36
Term loan payment (Loan return in 10 years) 66.10 66.10 66.10
Include depreciation 103.50 93.15 83.84
Net cash accruals 188.40 193.18 198.09
CUMULATIVE CASH ACCRUALS 188.40 381.59 579.68
H UNIT COST OF PRODUCTION RS. IN LAKH

Net Salable gas 788.40 788.40 788.40
Total Raw Material cost 88.70 88.70 88.70
Other Fixed Cost of Production 104.50 104.50 104.50
Cost of production 193.19 193.19 193.19
UNIT COST OF PRODUCTION 24.50 24.50 24.50

COW DUNG WITH PRESS MUD AS RAW MATERIAL

1 Land (10,000 SQ. MTR. @ 500/-) 80.00
TOTAL 1230.00

2 Term loan, 70% 861.00
TOTAL 1230.00
Subsidy 200.00

1ST 2ND 3RD
Organic manure production in Ton 8212.5 8212.5 8212.5
No. of shifts 3 3 3

PLANT EXPENSES
Raw Material 43.36 43.36 43.36
Insurance 7.00 7.00 7.00
OFFICE EXPENSES



Tax (@12.5) 31.30 33.47 35.50

Net Salable gas 788.40 788.40 788.40

COW DUNG WITH BIOMASS STRAW AS RAW MATERIAL

1 Land (10,000 SQ. MTR. @ 500/-) 80.00
TOTAL 1230.00

2 Term loan, 70% 861.00
TOTAL 1230.00
Subsidy 200.00

1ST 2ND 3RD
Organic manure production in Ton 6570 6570 6570
No. of shifts 3 3 3

PLANT EXPENSES
Raw Material 88.70 88.70 88.70
Insurance 7.00 7.00 7.00
OFFICE EXPENSES



Tax (@12.5) 21.57 23.73 25.77

Net Salable gas 788.40 788.40 788.40

Bio CNG PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bio CNG PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bio CNG PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BIO CNG

CITIZEN CARE BIO

606, BLOCK C, NOIDA-1,

PLANT AND MACHINERY

BIOGAS PLANT ORGANIC FERTILIZER

PROJECT DETAILS 2020

COMPRESSED BIO GAS (CBG) IN INDIA

PROJECT DETAILS 2020

BASIC DETAILS OF THE PROJECT

BASIC CAPACITY OF THE PLANT 6000

GAS STORAGE CAPACITY (Cubic Meter) 3000

DUNG MIXING TANK WITH STIRRER (Cubic Meter) 200

SLURRY FEEDING TANK (Cubic Meter) 200

DIGESTER SLURRY EVACUATION TANK (Cubic Meter) 500

PROJECT DETAILS 2020

BIOGAS PLANT CAPACITY (CUBIC METER PER DAY) 6000

ENRICHED BIOGAS CAPACITY (Nm3 per day) 3300

ENRICHED BIOGAS CAPACITY (Kg per day) 2400

ORGANIC FERTILIZER (30% moisture) (MT/day) (FROM DUNG) 30.0

ORGANIC FERTILIZER (30% moisture) (MT/year) 10,950

PROJECT DETAILS 2020

Item Unit Price

Basic Price of CBG meeting IS 16087 : 2016

PROJECT DETAILS 2020

PLANT CAPACITY, CUM 6000

PLANT CAPACITY, CUM 6000

PROJECT DETAILS 2020

PLANT CAPACITY (CUM) 6000

AREA REQUIRED (Sq. Meter) 10,000

COVERED AREA REQUIRED (Sq. ft.) 5000

DAILY OPERATING HOURS: 18 Hours.

PROJECT DETAILS 2020

STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS AND GOVT. SUPPORT

APPROVAL FROM STATE NODAL AGENCY

POLLUTION CONTROL APPROVALS:

CHANGE OF LAND USE PERMISSION

GAS CYLINDERS RULES, 2016.

CANAL WATER/GROUND WATER USAGE APPROVAL

NOC FROM FOREST DEPT.

NOC FROM VILLAGE PANCHAYAT

CLEARANCE FROM CHIEF ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR

NOC FROM DISTRICT FIRE OFFICER

STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS AND GOVT. SUPPORT

CUSTOM DUTY CONCESSIONS

LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT TAX EXEMPTED.

STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS AND GOVT. SUPPORT

OTHER FINANCIAL SUPPORT

GOLD STANDARD CARBON CREDITS

Organic matter + anaerobic bacteria ---- CH4 + CO2 + H2S+ NH3 +

Biogas is a mixture of gases composed of following:

KG WASTE REQUIRED PER CUBIC METER OF BIOGAS GENERATION (APPOX.)

BIO-METHANE FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS

HYDROGEN SULFIDE REMOVAL

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES TO REMOVE HYDROGEN SULPHIDE

CARBON DI OXIDE REMOVAL

• CHEMICAL SCRUBBING - MONOETHYLAMMINE (MEA) SYSTEM

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES TO REMOVE CARBON DIOXIDE

COMPRESSED BIOGAS STANDARD

Table: Composition of CBG