Chapter 1

Rizal Law and the context of Rizal,s life

R.A. 1425---Rizal Law mandating all public and private schools to include in their curricula courses or
subjects on the life,works and writings of Rizal particularly his Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

Sen. Claro M. Recto -author of Rizal Bill sponsored by the Senate Committee on Education headed by
Jose P. Laurel and supported by the senators

Senators who opposed Bill 438:

1. Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo

2. Decoroso Rosales

3. Mariano Cuenco

R.A. 1425 is a compilation of House Bill 5561 and Senate Bill 438 and was passed by the Third Congress
of the Phils May 17,1956

June 12, 1956 –Pres. Magsaysay signed the R.A. 1425

Sen. Claro M. Recto—filed the Senate Bill 438 to the Senate Committee on Education on April 3, 1956

Sen. Jose P. Laurel –Chairman of the Senate Committee on Education .Rallied behind Laurel and Recto
are the ff: 1. Veteranos de la Revolucion(Spirit of 1896) 2. Alagad ni Rizal 3. Freemasons 4. Knights of
Rizal

Oppositions to the Rizal or Noli-Fili Bill have the following arguments:

1. Fr. Jesus Cavanna- argued that the novels belonged to the past and teaching them would
misrepresent current conditions

2. Jesus Paredes—radio commentator said that Catholics had the right to refuse to read them as it
would endanger thir salvation

3. Sen. Mariano Cuenco argued that Rizal attacked the dogmas,beliefs and practices of the church

Sen. Claro M. Recto—repudiated that the novels have religious motivations

Specific passages in the novels were deemed offensive to the Catholic faith,thus the church argued that
Catholics could read selected passages to comped the Catholics to read the unexpurgated or
uncensored version

According to Recto ,the people who would eliminate the books of Rizal from the schools would blot out
the memory of the hero.
Compulsory reading among students of the unexpurgated versions of the novels in the original bill
authored by Recto was the cause of controversy to some senators.

Se. Jose P. Laurel—filed and authored a substitute bill after knowing that no agreement could be
reached.

Eulogio Rodriguez-senate president during the compromise bill or substitute bill

House bill 5561 -- identical copy of Senate bill 438 authored and filed by Rep. Jacobo Z. Gonzales to the
House of Representatives

House bill 5561 was recommended for approval without amendment by the House Committee on
Education,May 2, 1956

Supporters of Jacobo Gonzales:

1. Rep. Emilio Cortez

2. Mario Bengzon

3. Joaquin Roces

4. Rancap Lagumbay

Opponents of House Bill 5561:

1. Rep. Ramon Durano

2. Jose Nuguid

3. Marciano Lim

4. Manuel Zosa

5. Lucas Paredes

6. Godofredo Ramos

7. Miguel Cuenco

8. Camen Consing

9. Tecla San Andres Ziga

House bill 5561 or Gonzales Bill was also experiencing a deadlock

Senate bill 438—substitute bill authored by Laurel

Rep. Arturo Tolentino—House majority floor leader sponsored an amendment by substitute identical to
Laurel’s substitute bill or compromised bill

Jose Laurel and Jacobo Gonzales entreated the Bureau of Printing not to destroy the printing molds of
Laurel’s substitute bill and requested enough copies

Sen. Laurel refused to adjourn the house of Rep. until the bill was passed on the third reading

Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli and Fili into English and Tagalog

Pres. Fidel Ramos through Memorandum Order No. 247,series of 1994 ordered the Deparment of Educ.,
Culture and Sports and the Commission of Higher Education to immediately and fully implement the law

ChED Order # 3 was issued enforcing strict compliance to Memorandum #247

Ramos renewed and strengthened the teaching of Rizal in preparation for the centennial of Rizal’s death

R.A. 1425 mandates the ff.

1. Re-dedicate the lives of the youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism

2. Give tribute to the national hero

3. Gain an inspiring source of patriotism

Rizal as a course could led you to the ff.

1. the importance of Rizal’s ideals and teachings

2. encourage the application of learned ideals in the current social and personal problems and issues

3. develop an appreciation and deeper understanding of all that Rizal fought and died for

4. foster the development of the Filipino youth in all aspects of citizenshipS

Chapter II…Rizal’s nineteenth Century Philippines

A. Spanish Colonization of the Philippines

Ferdinand Magellan .. Portuguese explorer who discovered the Philippines March 16, 1521 and naming it Las Islas
de San Lazaro

- Set up friendly relations with some of the local chieftains :

a. Rajah Kolambu- king of Limasawa
b. Rajah Siagu- king of Butuan
c. Rajah Humabon- king of Cebu

Magellan converted some of the natives in Limasawa, Butuan and in Cebu but was killed by the natives of Mactan
name Lapu-lapu who was against foreign rule.

Three other expeditions that followed after Magellan:

1. Alvaro de Saavedra-1527- 1529

2. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos - -1542- 1546
3. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – 1564
Villalobos was sent to the Phils in 1542 by Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza of New Spain(Mexico)
- Was attributed for giving the name Cesarea Caroli to Mindanao in honor of King Charles I of Spain who was
also emperor of Germany on Feb. 2, 1543
- Credited for giving the name Las Islas Filipinas after Prince Philip of Asturias who later became King Philip II
of Spain to the island of Samar on May 18, 1543

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi- sent to the Philippines by Viceroy Luis Velasco of Mexico upon the order of King Philip II
who succeeded his father, Charles I.

- Legaspi reached Cebu but but did not land because of the hostility of the people instead went to Limasawa
and then to Bohol and made a blood compact Rajah Sikatuna,king of Limasawa
- From Bohol, Legaspi went again to Cebu and defeated its king,Rajah Tupas,son of Rajah Humabon
- Named Cebu ( 1st Spanish settlement ), “ City of the Most Holy name of Jesus”in honor of the child Jesus,
the image which was discovered by Juan de Camus,one of Legaspi’s men in a Cebuano house which had
escaped the fire,the same image given by Magellan to the wife of Humabon in 1521.
- Became the first governor and captain general of the Philippines
- Proclaimed Manila the capital of of the Spanish Philippines on June 24, 1571 after the defeat and death of
Rajah Soliman on June 3, 1571
- Manila arose as a Spanish city over the ruins of Rajah Soliman’s Muslim kingdom and was given a name
“Distinguished and Ever Loyal City” by King Philip II
Philippines was a captaincy-general administered by the Spanish king through the Vice-royalty of New Spain(Mexico)

The Spanish governor and Captain-general popularly called Governor-general from 1589 ruled with counsel of the
Real Audiencia of Manila

The Propaganda Movement educated the Filipinos to the injustice of the Spanish colonial government.With the
failure of the Propaganda movement, the Katipunan whose primary principle was to overthrow the Spanish rule was
founded.The discovery of the Katipunan led to the Philippine Revolution of 1896

Treaty of Paris- ended the Spanish –American War.America paid Spain the amount of $20,000,000.00.

Political Development:

Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Portugal by crossing from France to Spain and exiled Ferdinand VII,the absolutist king
of the Spanish empire that shaped the idea of nationalism in the Phils.

Spain-mother country of the Filipinos during the Spanish time

Spanish-Cortes was the highest law-making body of Spain.

The Central Revolutionary Junta which established the Cortes ordered its assembly in 1810 and decreed the election
of delegates in the Phils.

Ventura de los Reyes-a 70yr old whealthy merchant of Manila was elected and became one of the signers of the
Cadiz Constitution of 1812

The Constitution of Cadiz of 1812,stipulated that the new Spanish nation was composed of the united Spanish
people all over the world. The Cadiz Constitution was implemented in the Phils. In 1813.

Ferdinand VII returned from exile in May,1814 restoring absolutism and abolished the Cortes,nullified the Constitution
of 1812 and withdraw its effectivity in the Philippines.

2 kinds of Spaniards in the Phils.

1.Penisulares – Spaniards born in Spain

2. Insulares - Spaniards born in the Phils.

Fr. Pedro Pelaez- Spanish mestizo who served as interim archbishop of Manila in 1862-63.

The Spanish revolution of 1868 led to the proclamation of a new Constitution and the coming of the liberal- minded
Carlos Ma. De la Torre to the Phils. In 1869

De la Torre encouraged the nationalists and creoles to participate in the government.

Three martyrs who led the secularization movement:

1. Fr. Jose Burgos

2. Fr. Mariano Gomez
3. Fr. Jacinto Zamora
The creoles or the Manila Spaniards first to suffer martyrdom when they were implicated in the Cavite-
Mutiny of 1872 during the time of Governor Rafael Izquierdo,successor of de la Torre.

Economis Growth:
The economic growth of the 19th century was facilitated by the elimination of the monopoly of galleon trade
Results of the opening of the Suez Canal:
1. Phils. became closer to Europe and Spain
2. Encouraged European travelers to come to the Phils.
3. Exodus of liberal ideas from abroad like liberty, religious freedom,democracy,human rights such as
suffrage, speech,press and to form associations and assemblies

Social development:
Social order of the subjects in the Spanish Phils.:
1. Peninsulares- Spaniards born in Spain
2. Insulares – Spaniards born in the Phils.,also known as Filipinos or creoles
3. Mestizos – born of Spanish and Chinese parents
4. Indios- local inhabitants
Chapter lll—Rizal’s Family, Childhood and Early Education

A. Rizal’s family
June 19, 1861—bday of Rizal
Calamba, Laguna – birthplace
June 22, 1861 –date when Rizal was baptized by Fr. Rufino Collantes

Mercado- original name of the Rizal family adopted by Domingo Lamco,paternal great-great grandfather of
Rizal in 1731.

1849 - Hispanization period

Gov.-general Narciso Claveria hispanized Filipino surnamesRizal’s parents were both educated and
belonged to distinguished families.
Francisco Rizal Mercado – father of Rizal
- An industrious farmer who came from Binan,Laguna
- - model of fathers

Teodora Alonzo y Quintos – mother of Rizal

- Cultured woman born in Sta. Cruz Manila

- - loving and prudent mother

Rizal has one brother and nine sisters. He is the 7th in a family of 11 children

Paciano – the only brother of Rizal

- Acted as the second father of Rizal

B. Rizal’s childhood
Rizal learned alphabet from his mother at age 3
His sister Concepcion died when he was 4yrs old where he experienced shedding tears for the 1st time
At age 5, Rizal show indications to be an artist

Rizal’s mother taught him how to read and write but was also given tutors
Tutors of Rizal :
1. Maestro Celestino
2. Maestro Lucas Padua
Sa Aking Mga Kababata - 1st tagalog poem of Rizal at the age of 8
Mother’s birthday – written by Rizal when he was 9

P. Jacinto – pen name of Rizal in his writing Memoirs of A Student in Manila written in 1879-1880 at
age 17-20
Chapter IV : Rizal’s Higher Education and Life Abroad

June 10,1872, Rizal with his brother Paciano, took the entrance exam in Colegio de San Juan de
Letran but enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila at age 11.
Reasons why Rizal nearly refused admission by the college registrar in Ateneo:
1. late in registration
2. sickly and undersized for his age

Manuel Xerez Burgos- helped Rizal in his admission in Ateneo

Paciano Rizal was the favorite student and confidant of Fr. Burgos at the College of San Jose
Jose Protacio Rizal- name used by Rizal when he was a student in Ateneo

Rizal obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree with an average of “excellent” from the Ateneo Municipal
On March 23, 1877
Rizal also finished his surveying course in Ateneo while a student at the UST taking preparatory course
in law

Rizal finished the course on surveyor and expert assessor on March 21, 1877 and passed the
Surveyor’s exam May 21, 1878 but was not granted license to practice his profession because he was
only 17yo

Poems written by Rizal in Ateneo:

1. Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria ( Through Educ. Our Motherland Receives Light),1876
2. Alianza intima la Reliion y la Educacion ( The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good
Education) in 1876
3. A la Virgen Maria ( To The Virgin Mary),1875
4. Al Nino Jesus ( To the Child Jesus) ,1875
5. Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo ( In Memory Of My Town),1876
6. Un Dialogo Alusivo a la Despidida de lo9s Colegiales( A Farewell Dialogue of the Students),1877S

Poems written by Rizal in UST:

1. A La Juventud Filipina ( To The Filipino Youth)- 1879

2. El Consejo de los Dioses ( The Council of the Gods),1880

May 3, 1882 – date when Rizal departed Manila for Spain after his studies at UST on board the
Salvadora bound for Singapore
Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles- founder of Singapore

Djemnah – French steamer boarded by Rizal from Singapore to Europe

Point de Galle – a seacoast town in Southern Ceylon( Sri Lanka)
Port Said – the Mediterranean terminal of Suez Canal
Suez city- Red Sea Terminal of the Suez Canal
Djemnah- docked at the harbor of Marseilles, France
Sept. 16, 1882- date when Rizal reached Barcelona, Spain
Works of Rizal when he arrived in Barcelona, Spain and published in the Diariong Tagalog:
1. El Amor Patrio – essay of Rizal under the pen name Laong-laan which appeared in the Diariong
Tagalog
2. Los Viajes ( Travels)
3. Revista de Madrid ( Review of Madrid) , an article not published by the Diariong Tagalog due to its
closure of the publication

Universidad Central de Madrid – Where Rizal enrolled in Madrid taking:

1. Philosophy and Letters
2. Medicine

Circulo Hispano-Filipino – society of Spaniards and Filipinos in Madrid where Rizal became a member
Me Piden Versos( They Asked Me for Verses)- Rizal’s poem written in Madrid

Masonic lodges where Rizal became a member:

1. Acaia in Madrid
2. Lodge Solidaridad- Rizal became a master mason

June 21, 1884 at age 23 completed his medical course and was conferred the degree of Licentiate in
Medicine by the Central University of Madrid

Most touching incident of Rizal in Madrid,June 24, 1884:

1. Unable to take breakfast that day
2. Participated in the contest in Greek language and won gold medal in empty stomach
3. Was able to eat his dinner on the same day for he was the guest speaker in a banquet in honor of
Luna and Hidalgo( 2 greatest Filipino painters)
Brindis – toasting speech of Rizal in honor of Luna and Hidalgo

Paintings of Luna and Hidalgo that won 1st and 2nd prize at the National Exposition of Fine Arts in
Madrid:

1. Spoliarium – Luna
2. Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho ( Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace)-
Hidalgo

Rizal finished his course in Philosophy and Letters with a grade of “excellent” and was awarded the
degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid on June
19,1885 at the age of 24.
 Dr. Louis de Weckert – leading French opthalmologist to whom Rizal worked as an assistant in his
clinic

Dr. Otto Becker- renowned German ophthalmologist to whom Rizal had his special training in his
eye specialization at the University of Heidelberg at age 25

To The Flowers of Heidelberg- poem written by Rizal in Germany

Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt – Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria and an Austrian
Ethnologist who got interest in Phil. Languages

-to whom Rizal wrote his first letter in German

Rizal studied Psychology and History at the University of Leipzig,Germany where he became a friend of
Prof. Friedrich Ratzel

Dr. Feodor Jagor – a German scientist traveler and author of Travels in the Phils.,recommended that Rizal
should be a member of the ff.
1. Anthropological Society
2. Ethnological Society
3. Geographical Society

Dr. Adolph B. Meyer – Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum

Dr. Rudolf Virchow – president of the Anthropological Society of Berlin
Berlin, Germany- where Rizal finished writing the Noli,Feb. 22, 1887 and came off the press March
21,1887.
Felix Hidalgo – to whom Rizal explained the contents and significance of the Noli in His letter

May 11, 1887 – Rizal and Viola left Berlin, Germany to see the important cities of Europe
Dresden,Germany- first destination of Rizal and Viola
Leitmerits,Bohemia is now Litomerice, Czechoslovakia = where Rizal met Blumentritt for the first time
From Leitmerits they visited Prague and proceeded to Vienna,capital of Austria-Hungary,Queen of the
Danube

Other cities visited by Rizal and Viola after Vienna:

1. Salzburg
2. Munich
3. Nuremberg
4. Ulm
5. Stuttgart
6. Baden
7. Rheinfall (Cascade of the Rhine)
8. Switzerland
9. Basel
10. Bern
11. Lausanne
12. Geneva (where Rizal and Viola parted ways)
Viola returned to Barcelona while continued his tour to Italy
Cities visited by Rizal in Italy:
1. Turin
2. Milan
3. Venice
4. Florence

Rome- Eternal City and City of the Caesars)

Vatican – city of the Popes and capital of Christendom

Reasons why Rizal decided to return home after five yrs:

1. to operate on his mother’s failing eyesight
2. to serve his people
3. to find out for himself how the Noli and his other writings were affecting the Filipinos and Spaniards in the
Phils
4. to know why Leonor Rivera remained silent
Djemnah – steamer that brought Rizal from Europe to Saigon:

Haifong – steamer that brought Rizal from Saigon to the Phils.

Gov. Gen. Emilio Terrero – the gov. gen. in the Phils.when Rizal returned home after 5yrs

Don Jose Taviel de Andrade- bodyguard assigned by Terrero to Rizal:

2 reasons why Rizal had to leave again the Phils. for the 2nd time:
1. his presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and friends
2. he could fight better his enemies and serve his country’s cause by writing in foreign land

Filipinos who welcomed rizal in Hongkong:

1. Jose Ma. Basa- lawyer who made led a successful life in Hongkong
2. Balbino Mauricio – unfortunate man who led a life of a beggar in Hongkong
3. Manuel Yriarte ( son of Francisco Yriarte,alcalde mayor of Laguna
Rizal also visited Macao on board the steamer, Kui-kiang and returned in Hongkong and was introduced to
Varanda ( Spaniard commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal’s movement in Hongkong

Partisans and promoters of Noli met by Rizal in Hongkong:

1. Lecaroz
2. J.M. Basa

Feb.22, 1888 – Rizal left Hongkong for Japan

Juan Perez Caballero - secretary of the Spanish legation in Japan who invited Rizal to stay in the legation
 Reasons why Rizal accepted the invitation of Caballero:
1. he could economize his living expenses
2.. Nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities
Belgic – steamer that brought Rizal from Japan to America
New York - city of poor workers

City of Rome - steamer that brought Rizal from New York to Liverpool, England
British Museum- library in Liverpol, England where Rizal spent his time perusing the book of Dr. Antonio Morga.
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
Annotation of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas was the greatest achievement of Rizal in London
Morga was once the gov. gen and head of the Inquisition

Asociacion La Solidaridad( Solidaridad Association )- patriotic society which work in the crusade for reforms in
Barcelona
Rizal was chosen honorary president of the society

Graciano Lopez Jaena – founder of La Solidaridad – patriotic news paper in Barcelona

La Solidaridad – became the organ or periodical of the Propaganda Movement

Aims of Propaganda Movement:

1. to work for political and social reforms
2. to portray the deplorable conditions of the Phils.
3. to oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism
4. to advocate liberal ideas of progress
5. to chamnpion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people

Letter To The Young Women of Malolos – written by Rizal in London

Gertrude Beckett – English sweetheart of Rizal

Three societies founded by Rizal in Paris:
1. Kidlat Club – society of temporary nature to bring together the young Filipinos in the French capital
2. Indion Bravos (Brave Indians) – society founded by Rizal for Filipinos to be proud of being a brown race
3. R. D. L.M - the initials of the societies name, Redencion de los Malayos( Redemptions of the Malays)

Publication of the annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos - was the outstanding achievement of Rizal in
Paris written in the Library of the British Museum
Brussels – capital of Belgium where Rizal continued writing his Noli

Gov. Gen Valeriano Weyler – The Butcher

Disappointment of Rizal :
1. Demolition of their house
2. Arrest of his brother in law,brother and sisters
3. Exile of Don Francisco, Paciano,sons’ in law Silvestre Ubando and Antonio Lopez in Mindoro
Whom Rizal almost fought duels in Madrid:
1. Antonio Luna
2. Wenceslao Retana

Biarritz – where Rizal finished his Fili which he began writing it in Calamba

Rival groups of Filipinos in Madrid:

1. Rizalistas – group of Rizal
2. Pilaristas – group of Del Pilar

Ghent, Belgium – where Rizal printed his Fili

Rizal left Europe for the ff. reasons:

1. Political difference with del Pilar
2. To be near the Phils and his family

Kamandagan – descendant of Lakan-dula, last Malayan king of Tondo

o Hero of the third unfinished novel of Rizal

Rizal returned to Hongkog and was welcomed by JM Basa

Rizal planned to moved the landless Filipino families to North Borneo(Sabah), a rich British-owned
island and carved out of its wilderness a” New Calamba”

Constitution and By-laws of the Liga Filipina was the most important writing of Rizal in Hongkong

JM Basa – originally conceived the Liga Filipina

Liga Filipina- society of patriotic Filipinos for civic purposes

Why Rizal returned to the Philippines from Hongkong:

1. To confer with Gove. Eulogio Despujol about his colonization project

2. To establish the Liga Filipina in Manila
3. To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in the issue of La Solidaridad

Rizal left Hongkong for Manila with his sister, Lucia, carrying a special passport or “safe
Conduct”
A secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his followers for “anti-religious” and “anti-
patriotic” agitation”, June 21, 1892
Chapter 5 : Riza’ls Exile, Trial and Death

A. Rizal’s exile

Rizal with his sister Lucia arrived Manila June 26, 1892 and sought audience with Gov.gen Eulogio
Despujol, who agreed to pardon his father but not the rest of the family

Rizal founded the Liga Filipina in the Phils which was an upshot and subsidiary of the Propaganda, aimed to
directly involve patriotic Filipinos to uplift the life of the Filipinos with the society promoting mutual aids

Aims of Liga Filipina:

1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous and homogenous body
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce
5. Study and application of reforms

Motto:
One for All

Rizal had series of interviews with Gov.Despujol and was shown by Gov. Despujol some printed leaflets or bundle of
handbills entitled Pobre Frailes(Poor Friars), a satire against the rich Dominican friars who amassed fabulous riches
contrary to their vow of poverty, written by Father Jacinto which was alledgely found in Lucia’s piloow cases

Gaceta de Manila- where Rizal’s arrest and deportation to one of the islands in the south by Gov.Despujol was
published

Gov. Despujol arrested and deported Rizal to Dapitan

Reason why Rizal was arrested and exiled in Dapitan:

1. During his voluntary exile he published books and proclamations showing his disloyalty to Spain
2. Bundles of handbills entitled Pobres Frailes was found in his packages
3. El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the three martyrs(GOMBURZA)

Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing to Dapitan under the
command of Capt.Delgras
Captain Ricardo Carnicero – was the commandant of Dapitan or Politico-Military gov. of Dapitan

Rizal’s arrest and imprisonment produced indignant commotion among the members of Liga Filipina and
became inactive but was revived and reorganized by A. Bonifacio and Domingo Franco which expressed his
support for the Propaganda but later Liga was dissolved due to disagreements of its members
 Two groups that emerged after the split of its members:
1. Cuerpo de Compromisarios – composed of the conservatives who aimed to continue supporting the La
Solidaridad

2. Katipunan – consisted of the radicals led by Bonifacio

Ultimately, the “Cuerpo” died out while the Katipunan attracted many Filipinos. In such Rizal’s La Liga gave birth to
Bonifacio’s Katipunan on July 7, 1892, the day Rizal was ordered to be deported in Dapitan

Rizal was exiled in Dapitan from July 17, 1892 to July 31, 1896.
Fr. Pablo Pastells- Superior of the Jesuit Society in the Phils.
Fr. Antonio Obach – Jesuit parish priest of Dapitan
In Dapitan, he was made to choose whether to live with the Jesuits or with Captain Ricardo Carnicero
The following conditions were laid to Rizal if he chose to live with Jesuits:
1. Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion and make statements that were pro-Spanish and against
revolution
2. Rizal performs the church rites and make general confession of his past life
3. Rizal conducts himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of religion
Rizal chose to live with Capt. Carnicero
Rizal had a long and scholarly debate on religion with Fr. Pastells in Dapitan and revealed his anti-catholic ideas
acquired in Europe and embitterment at his persecution by the bad friars. Fr. Pastells tried to win back Rizal but in
vain
While in Dapitan Rizal continued to be a Catholic,however Rizal’s Catholicism was a Catholicism of Renan and
Teilhard de Chardin
Rizal’s life in Dapitan was with his members of his family who take turns in visiting him.
Achievements of Rizal in Dapitan proving his versatile genius:
1. architect 12. Mythologist 22. theologian
2. artist 13. nationalist
3. businessman 14. naturalist
4. cartoonist 15. novelist
5. ethnologist 17. Ophthalmic surgeon
6. scientific farmer 18. poet
7. historian 19. propagandist
8. inventor 20. psychologist
9. journalist 21. scientist
10.. linguist 22. sculptor
11. musician 21. Sociologist

Rizal in Dapitan practiced medicine

Pursued scientific studies
Rare Specimens were named after Rizal:
a. Draco rizali( flying dragon
b. apogonia rizali (small beetle)
c. rhacophorus rizali (rare frog)
Continued his artistic works by continuing his painting to the Sister of Charity, modeling a statuette representing a
mother-dog killing the crocodile called “The Mother’s Revenge” ,and other structural works like a bust of
Fr.Guerrero(Atenean professor of Rizal),a statue of a girl called “ The Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine
Bracken, and a bust of St. Paul” which he gave to Fr. Pastells
He widened his knowledge of languages
Languages Rizal knows how to speak:
1. Ilokano 2. Bisayan 3. Subanun 4. Arabic 5. Catalan 6. Chinese 7. English 8. French 9. German 10. Greek
11. Hebrew 12. Italian 13. Japanese 14. Latin 15. Malayan 16. Portuguese 17. Dutch 18. Swedish 19. Russian
20. Sanskrit 21. Spanish 22. Tagalog

Established a shool for boys teaching reading, writing, Spanish and English language,geography,history,
mathematics, industrialwork, nature study, morals and gymnastics
Promted community development projects like waterworks system,draining the marshes to get rid ofmalaria,equipped
the town with lighting system consisted of oil lamps
Invented awooden machine for making bricks
Engaged in farming
He engaged in business with Ramon Carreon( Dapitan merchant)
Rizal was mourning the loss of his son by J. Bracken in the early part of 1896 when in a secret meeting of the
katipunan on May 2, 1896 ,Dr. Pio Valenzuela was named emissary of the katipunan to Dapitan to inform Rizal of the
plan of the katipunan to launch a revolution
Reasons why Rizal objected the plan of the katipunan to launch for a bloody revolution:
1. people are not yet ready for a revolution
2. lack of funds, arms and ammunitions

Rizal disapproved Katipunan’s plan to rescue him for he had given his word of honor to the Spanish authorities

Rizal was advised by Blumentritt to volunteer as a military doctor in Cuba and was approved by Blanco.
Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan ended on July 31, 1896 and was accompanied by J. Bracken,Narcisa, Angelica, his
three nephews and six pupils,disembarked on board the steamer Espana.

Rizal’s Trial:
Rizal left Dapitan on board the steamer Espana sailed towards Dumaguete, Cebu, and Iloilo( Molo,Capiz,Romblon)
Rizal was transferred to the Spanish steamer Castilla by order of Gov. Ramon Blanco.

Aug. 19, 1896 – date when the Katipunan plot was discovered to overthrow the Spanish by means of revolution
Fr. Mariano Gil— Augustinian cura of Tondo who discovered the secrets of the Katipunan
Cry of Balintawak—was raised by Bonifacio Aug. 26, 1896

Reasons why Rizal was worried upon learning of the eruption of the revolution:
1. the violent revolution was premature and would only cause much suffering and loss of life and property
2. would arouse Spanish vengeance against all Filipino patriots

Eight provinces declared Martial law by Gov. Blanco:

1. Manila 2. Bulacan 3. Cavite, 4. Batangas 5. Laguna 6. Pampanga 7. Nueva Ecija 8. Tarlac
Rizal received two identical letters of introduction from Gov. Blanco for the Minister of War and the Minister of
Colonies and a letter addressed to him from all blame for the raging of revolution.
Gov. Blanco advised that Rizal not be advisable to go to Cuba

Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay sailing for Barcelona,Spain and arrived Singapore,Sept 7, 1896.
He had been adviced to stay in Singapore to take advantage of the protection of the British law and to save his life
but ignored it for he did not want to break his word of honor to Gov. Blanco. By refusing to break his word of
honor,sealed his own doom because without his knowledge Gov. Blanco was secretly conspiring with the Minister of
War and Minister of Colonies of his destruction.

Rizal on board the Isla de Panay, left Singapore for Barcelona Sept. 8, 1896. Unaware of Gov. Blanco’s order.
Don Juan Utor –Rizal’s co passenger in Isla de Panay who told him that he would be arrested by order of Gov.
Blanco and was shocked of the news that he considered it his greatest injustice

On board Isla de Panay, Rizal arrived in Barcelona and was kept under heavy guard in his cabin for three days by
the Capt. Gen of Barcelona who happened to be Gov. Despujol. He was imprisoned in Fort Montjuich
He was transferred to SS Colon the following day of Oct. 6, 1896 for Philippines to be a prisoner.
Rizal arrived in Manila via SS Colon and was imprisoned in For Santiago

Col. Francisco Olive -,the judge advocate in his initial examinations

Olive ordered Gov. Weyler to execute the evictions of Rizal’s townmates
Olive transmitted Rizal’s records of his case to Gov. Blanco who appointed the Capt. Of the Infantry,Don
Miguel Dominguez as special Judge advocate to institute corresponding action against Rizal but did not do
anything about it and and returned the papers to Gov. Blanco

Blanco transmitted again Rizal,s case to Judge Advocate Gen.,, Nicolas de la Pena and had his
recommendations:
1. Rizal be immediately brought to trial
2. the accused be kept in prison
3. indemnity of Php 1M
4. the accused be defended not by a lawyer but an army officer
Rizal was given the right to chose his defense counsel and chose Don Luis Taviel de Andrade
Rizal’s case was forwarded by Capt. Dominguez to Malacanan Palace and his death sentence was
approved by Gov.Polavieja( successor of Gov Blanco)

Rizal’s court Martial occurred Dec 26,1896 in Cuartel de Espana with seven members of the military court:
1. Lt. Jose Tagores Arjona(President) 6. Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano
2. Capt. Ricardo Munoz Arias 7. Capt. Fermin Perez Rodriguez
3. Capt. Manuel Reguera
4. Capt. Santiago Izquierdo Osorio
5. Capt. Braulio Rpdriguez Nunez
Dominguez opened the case of Rizal
Lt. Enrique de Alcocer was Rizal’s prosecuting officer who summarized the charges against Rizal
Don Luis Taviel de Andrade Rizal,s defense counsel who was a young lieutenant who risked the
displeasure of his superiors read Rizal,s defense
Crimes accused against Rizal:
1. rebellion
2. illegal associations
Dona Teodora wrote a letter to Gov. Polavieja asking for the pardon of his son
Rizal’s death:
Rizal,s death was read by Capt. Dominguez
Rizal’s last visitors in Fort Santiago before his death:
1.

Rizal’s letters in his letter to Blumentritt were addressed to the following:

1. brother 2. Family 3. Parents

Rizal’s death march to Bagumbayan was Dec.30,1896 walked calmly with Fr. Estanislao March, Fr.Vilaclara
and Lt. Andrade
Rizal died Dec 30,1896 at age 35s
Chapter 6: Rizal’s Works , Nationalism and Heroism

Rizal’s annotation of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas as the first historical work on the Philippines
by a Filipino and the first history written from the point of view not of the colonizer but of the colonized.By editing
Morga’s Sucesos Rizal wrote his country’s history which would also mean that before that there was no history of the
Philippines written by an Indio or one written from the viewpoint of an indio.

Why Rizal chose Morga’s work than any other historians:

1. Morga’s work was rare
2. Morga was not a religious chronicler but a layman
3. Impartial that it does not include miracles and apparition stories
4. Morga was more understanding to the indios
5. Morga was not only an observer but a major actor in the events he recounts

Classifications of Rizal’s annotation of Morga’s Sucesos:

1. straightforward to strenghthen or correct the original
2. annotations with strong anti-clerical bias

Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos was written by Rizal in the British Museum and printed by Garnier
Freres and published in Paris

Rizal Reuested Blumentritt to write the Prologue of his annotated edition of Sucesos

Criticisms of Blumentritt in annotating Sucesos:

1. Historian should not impute to the men of the 16th century the broad horizon of ideas that stirs the 19th century
2. Unbosoming against Catholicism

Rizal annotated and published Morga’s Sucesos for it was the best and was accurate in the narration of
events,unbiased judgment and unmarred by childish fantasies

Rizal dedicated his annotated edition To The Filipinos

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas—Historical Events in the Philippine “Islands

Chapter 7... Noli Me Tangere

Rizal was motivated by Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which portrays the cruelties of American slave-
owners and the conditions of the Negro slaves, to prepare a novel

Noli Me Tangere - a Latin phrase meaning Touch Me Not

Madrid- where Rizal started writing the Noli finishing one-half of the novel and continued writing in Paris and finished
one half of the second half
Berlin, Germany- where Rizal finished writing his Noli in 1886
Berlin is where the Noli was printed by Berliner Buchdrukrei-Action-Gesselschaft and came oof the press,1887
Maximo Viola- savior of Noli

Elias and Salome – missing chapter of Noli

Fernando Canon- Rizal’s,friend and former classmates to whom he wrote that he cannot believe his novel will ever
be published

Noli contains 63 chapters and an epilogue dedicated to his country

Characters of Noli:
1. Ibarra -- Hero of the novel
- young and rich Filipino who had just returned from Europe after seven yrs of study
- only son of Don Rafael Ibarra friend of Capitan Tiago
- fiancée of Maria Clara supposed daughter of Capitan Tiago
2. Padre Damaso - fat Franciscan friar who had been parish priest for 20yrs of San Diego(Calamba)
3. Senor Guevarra – an elderly kind lietenant of the guardia civil
4. Don Tiburcio de Espadana - bogus Spanish physician,lame and henpecked husband of Dona Victorina
5. Maria Clara – childhood sweetheart of Ibarra
7. Padre Salvi – new Franciscan parish priest of San Diego
8. Tasio – wise old man whose ideas were too advanced for his time that he was called “Tasio the Lunatic”
9.Sisa – formerly a rich girl but became poor for marrying a wastrel and a gambler. She lost her two sons,Basilio and
Crispin who were sacristans in the church working for small wage to support their mother who became poor and later
became insane for losing her two sons
Sisa is the most tragic story in the novel
10. Crispin- the youngest who was accused of stealing the money of the priest and was tortured and died in the
convent
11. Aunt Isabel – Capitan Tiago’s cousin who took care of Maria Clara
12. Capitan Basilio – former gobernadorcillo and father of Sinang( friend of Maria Clara
13. alferez – lieutenant of Guardia Civil
14. Dona Victorina –w vain and vulgar native woman who had a hallucination of being a superior Castillan
15. Don Alfonso Linares de Espadana –young Spaiard,cousin of Don Tiburcio who was penniless and jobless in
search of a rich Filipino heiress
Results of Ibarra’s attack to Padre Damaso:
1. his engagement tMaria Clara was broken
2. excommunication
go for the could not very well disobey the governor order Rizal was forced to leave Calamba for two
masons, (1) his presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and friends,
and (2) he could fight better his enemies and serve his country's cause with greater efficacy by writing in
foreign countries. 36. Rizal, after a short stay of six months in Calamba, left Manila for Hong Kong on board
the Zafiro on February 31888 and arrived in Hong Kong on February 8, 1888 Rizal was welcomed by Jose
Maria Basa, Baibino Mauricio, Manuel Yriarte (son of Francisco Yrarte, alcalde-mayor of Laguna), and
other Filipino residents. Accompanied by Jose Maria Basa, Rizal boarded the ferry steamer Kiu-Kiang for
Macao on February 18, 1888 and returned to Hong Kong an February 20, 1888, Rizal, while in Hong Kong,
wrote: When I set forth, I was already ill and soon became sick W mached Hong Kong, which delighted me.

There I was introduced to some leading Spaniarths, one of theni Vatanda, who was, they said, Secretary
To Governor General Emilio Temer I traved about with him for several l Says especially on a trip which
Varanda, Base, and I took to Macao, to see that Portuguese colony and to visit Mr. Locaroz, in whose
house we were guests Lecae Jose Bass, and the other Filipinos in Hong Kong are partisans and promoters
of the book Noli Me Tangere in Hong Kong investigated many important matters, for example concerning
the names of the Dominicans, concerning their missions, concerning the Augustinians, etc.
There I came to know D. Balbino Mauncin, an unfortunate man worthy of a better fate, and his
acquaintanceship was useful for me for it prepared me for a fate which may be much worse! in Panique
and Cabalu 2014 95-96 37. Rizal's movement in Hong Kong was monitored by Jose Sainz de Varanda, a
Spaniard commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy Rizal Rizal left Hong Kong on board the
American steamer for Japan on February 22, 1888 38, Rizal arrived on Yokohama, Japan in the early
morning of February 28, 1888 (Tuesday), proceeded the next day to Tokyo, Japan where he stayed from
March 2 to April 13, 1888. While, in Japan, he was invited by the secretary of the Spanish

26. Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society, the Bhnological Society, and the Geographical
Society of Be upon recommendation of Dr. Feodor lagor, a German scientia travetter and author of Tavels
in the Philippines, and Dr. Adol 8. Meyer Director of the Anthropological and Ethnologica Museum Rizal
also became friend with Dr. Rudolf Virchow, the president of the Berlin Anthropological Society. 23 Rizal's
Noll Me Tangere was finished in Berlin, Germany o February 22, 1887 and came off the press on March
21, 1887 Rizal explained the contents and significance of the Noli Me Tangere in a private letter (supposed
to be addressed to Fell Resurrección Hidalgo) in the following words: My dest friend in your last letter you
complained of my silence You are right forgetfulness is the death of friendship, but I must add tha in a true
friendship forgetfulness does not exist, and I shall give you i conce proof of it You have long desired to read
a novel written by me. You toid me it was necessary to do something serious and not to write any more
articles which live and die with the page of a newspaper. Well then t your three letters I answer with a novel
of which I am sending you a copy Noli Me Tangere, words taken from the Gospel of Saint Luke signify do
not touch me The book contains things of which no one among ourselves has spoken up to the present,
they are so delicate that they cannot be touched by anybody. In so far as I am concerned, I have tried to do
what nobody likes to do. I have endeavored to answer the calumnies which for centuries had been heaped
on us and our country I have described the social condition, the life, our beliefs, our hopes, our desires, our
grievances, our griefs: I have unmasked hypocrisy which under the guise of religion, came to impoverish
and to brutalize us have distinguished true religion from the false, from superstition, from that which traffics
with the holy word to extract money, to make us believe in sortileges, of which Catholicism would be
ashamed if it were aware of them. I have raised the curtain to show what is behind the deceit glittering
words of our governments: I have told our countrymen o defects, our vices, our culpable and cowardly
complaisances with o misenes Wherever I have found virtue. I have proclaimed it to rendi it homage; and,
rather than weep in relating our misfortunes, I hav laughed, because nobody likes to weep with me over the
misfortune

Rome and after five years (1882-1887) of stay in Europe returned to the Philippines in August 1887 and
practices medicine in Calamba, Laguna.
33. Rizal's decision to return to the Philippines was based on the following, (1) operate on his mother's
eyes; (2) serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants (3) find out for himself how the
Noli and his writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines; and (4) inquire why Leonor
Rivera remained silent. However, he was warned not to return home because of the publication of the Noli
Me Tangere and the uproar it caused among the friars but he did not heed to the warning.
34. Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, France and on July 3, 1887, he boarded the steamer the same
steamer which brought him to Europe five years ago. Rizal reached Saigon, Vietnam on July 30, 1887 and
transferred to the streamer Haiphong bound to Manila. Haiphong left Saigon for Manila on August 2, 1887
and arrived Manila on August 5, 1887.
35. Rizal returned to Calamba on August 8, 1887. There, he established a medical clinic and his first
patient was his mother who was almost blind. As Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his enemies
plotted his doom. A storm broke over his novel a few weeks after his arrival which prompted Governor-
General Emilio de Terrero to request Rizal to come to Malacañan Palace. Governor-General Terrero
informed Rizal of the charge that the Noll contained subversive ideas. Rizal denied it and explained that he
merely exposed the truth and did not advocate subversive ideas. A liberal minded Spaniard, the governor-
general knew that Rizal's life was in jeopardy because the friars were powerful, thus he assigned Don Jose
Taviel de Andrade, a young Spanish lieutenant as bodyguard of Rizal for security measure Governor-
General Terrero read the Noli and found nothing wrong with it. Because of the pressure exerted by the
friars Governor-General Terrero summoned Rizal and advised him to leave the Philippines for his own
good, giving him the chance to escape the fury of the friars' wrath. Rizal had to

40. Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England on May 24, 10 and the next day, May 25, 1888, Rizal went to London. Rizal
spent most of his time in the library of the British Museum perusing over the pages ofludge Antonio de Morgan
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas and other rare historical works on the Philippines such as those written by Fr. Chirino,
Fr Plasencia, and others. Rizal's greatest achievement while in London was the annotation of Morga's book Sucesos.
Rizal, in expressing his preference of Morga, wrote to Blumentritt on September 17, 1888: The Morga is an excellent
book, it can be said that Morgani modem leared explorer (modem sabio explorador). He has nothing of the
superficially and exaggeration so typical of present-day Spaniarth He writes very simply, but in reading him there is
much between the lines because he was governor general in the Philippines and after head (Alcalde) of the
Inquisition [In Epistolaria, 1938:5 as cited in Ocampo. 1998: 196 41. Rizal visited Paris for a week on September
1888 and Madrid and Barcelona on December 11, 1888. Rizal returned to London on December 24, 1888 and spent
Christmas and New Year's Day with the Becketts. 42. Rizal was busy with his historical studies in London, when he
learned that the Filipinos in Barcelona were planning to establish a patriotic society which would work in the crusade
for reforms. Called Asociacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association), this society was inaugurated on December
31, 1888. Its officers were the following: President Galicano Apacible; Vice President Graciano Lopez Jaena;
Secretary - Manuel Santa Maria; Treasurer - Mariano Ponce, and Accountant-Jose Ma. Panganiban. Rizal was
chosen honorary president by unanimous vote of all the members. 43. Rizal was in London when Graciano Lopez-
Jaena founded the La Solidaridad, a patriotic newspaper in Barcelona on February 15, 1889. The La Solidaridad was
a democratic fortnightly periodical which served as the organ of the Propaganda Movement which had the following
aims; (1) to work peacefully for political and social reforms, (2) to

25 Ral and Maximo viola left Berlin, Germany by tramon May 11, 1887 to travel and see Europe before returning to
Calamba and the destination was Dresden, Germany 29. Rizal and Viola, from Dresden, Germany, on board train
arrived on May 13, 1887 at Leitmeritz, Bohemi (now Litomence, Czechoslovakia) to meet De Ferdinand Blumentritt
for the first time. They stayed there from May 13 to May 16, 1887. 30, Rizal and Viola visited the historic city of
Prague after Lemeritz and on May 20, 1887 they arrived in the city of Vienna, capital of Austria-Hungary, Queen of
the Danube 31, Rizal and Viola left Vienna on May 24, 1887 on a river boat to see the beautiful sights of the Danube
River. The river voyage ended in Lintz, where they traveled overland to Salzburg, and from there to Munich From
Munich, they went to Nuremberg and Ulm after which they went to Stuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall (Cascade of
the Rhine) From Rheinfall, they crossed the frontier to Schaffhausen, Switzerland where they stayed from June 2 to
3, 1887 and continued their tour to Basel (Bale), Bern, and Lausanne After sightseeing in Lausanne, Rizal and Viola
left on a little boat, crossing the foggy Leman Lake to Geneva, Switzerland where they spent 15 days. 32. Rizal and
Viola parted ways on June 23, 1867. Viola returned to Barcelona, Spain while Rizal continued the tour to Italy in Italy,
Rizal visited Turin, Milan, Venice, and Florence: Rizal reached Rome (the Eternal City and the City of the Caesars)
on June 27, 1887. Rizal visited for the first time the Vatican City (City of the Popes and capital of Christendom) on
June 29, 1887. He stayed for a week in

9 Rizal left Marseille, France on the afternoon of June 15, 1882 by train and after a passport inspection at Port-Bou
reached Barcelona, Spain on June 16, 1882. a Rizal wrote theessay El Amor Patrio (Love of Country) upon his
arrival at Madrid under the pen-name Laong-Laan which appeared in the Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882. b.
Rizal's also wrote the article Los Viajes (Travels) for the Diariong Tagalog. 10 Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882
and established himself in the capital of Spain, Madrid. a. Rizal wrote for the Diariong Tagalog the article Revista de
Madrid (Review of Madrid) on November 29, 1882 but was returned due to the closure of the publication. 11. Rizal
enrolled on November 3, 1882 in the Universidad Central de Madrid in two courses: Medicine, and Philosophy and
Letters. 12. Rizal, shortly after his arrival in Madrid, Spain in 1882. joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a society of
Spaniards and Filipinos, a. Rizal wrote the poem Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me for Verses) which he recited on
December 31, 1882. 13. Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid in March 1883, However, he later
transferred to Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid. Here he became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890 and was later
awarded the diploma as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de France in Paris an February 15, 1892. 14. Rizal went
to Paris during his summer vacation in Madrid staying in the capital of France from June 17, 1883 to August 20,
1883.

Rizal's Life Abroad 1. Rizal sailed alone for Madrid, Spain where he continued his studies at the Universidad
Central de Madrid without his parents' knowledge and consent but secretly supported by his brother, Paciano. 2.
Rizal departed Manila on board the Spanish streamer bound for Singapore on May 3, 1882. S.S. Salvadora docked
at Singapore on May 9, 1882. He spent two days. in Singapore visiting places such as the famous Botanical Garden,
the Buddhist Temples, the busy shopping streets and the statue of the founder of Singapore, Sir Thomas Stanford
Raffles. 3. Rizal transferred to the French steamer, Djemnah, which left Singapore for Europe on May 11, 1882. The
Djemnah reach Point Galle, a seacoast town in southern Ceylon (Sri Lanka) on May 17, 1882 and the following day
(May 18, 1882) weighed anchor and resumed the voyage towards the capital of Ceylon, Colombo. 4. Rizal, for the
first time, sighted the coast of Africa after the Djemnah continued the voyage from Colombo crossing the Indian
Ocean to the Cape of Guardaful, Africa. 5. Rizal went ashore to see the sights in Aden, Yemen, which was the next
stop over. The Djemnah then proceeded to the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal, the city of Suez. 6. Rizal was
thrilled for his first trip in the Suez Canal which took the Djemnah five days to traverse. 7. Rizal landed to see the
fascinating sights at the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal, the Port Said. The Djemnah, from Port Said,
proceeded on its way to Europe. 8. Rizal reached Naples, Italy on June 11, 1882 and on the night of June 12, 1882,
Djemnah docked at the harbor of Marseilles, France.

Legation, Juan Perez Caballero, to live at the Spanish Legation which Raal accepted for reasons, (1) he could
economize h living expenses and (2) he had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities Rizal
recounted: in about the days I departed for Japan was quite s again A few minutes after I reached a hotel before I
had time to b up received a notice that the Sparlih charge d'affaites was categ Legato They oduced themselves to
me with much graciousness, extend me many offers and proposing that I make my home at Ahar making a few
escutes accepted frankly, for if at bottom they ha a desire to watch me I was not afraid to let them know what I did e
the Legation for a little over a month. I was examining some Jopan, at times alone, on other occasions accompanied
by a mener of the Legaton, and sometimes by the interpreter There I studied t Japanese and so made a study of their
theater. After several offers f employment, which I refused, i departed at length for Amenca Pasgul and Cabalu 2014
39. Rizal boarded the English steamer, Belgic, on April 13, 1885 at Yokohama, Japan bound for the United States,
Rizal, on board the Belgic, docked at San Francisco on April 28, 1888 However the American health authorities
placed the ship under quarantine on the ground that it came from the Far East where cholera epidemic was alleged
to be raging. It was soon discovered that the placing of the ship under quarantine was politically motivated. Rizal was
permitted to go ashore on M 4, 1888. Rizal stayed in San Francisco from May 4 to 6, 1888 after which he left for
Oakland by ferry boat. In Oakland, boarded the train for his trip across the continent and reached New York on May
13, 1888. Rizal left New York for Liverpool on May 16, 1888 on board the steamer, City of Rome Rizal wrot to
Mariano Ponce about America They do not have true avi iberty. In some states the Nag cannot marry a white woman
or the white man a Negress. The d the Chinese cascaded to other Asiatics like the Japanese being m as the Chinese
and being dised. The customs examiners are c sevens Nevertheless as they say truly, America offers a mothena) the
poor who wish to work. There is, too, much arbitrariness In Pasig and Cabau, 2014

9 Rizal left Marseille, France on the afternoon of June 15, 1882 by train and after a passport inspection at Port-Bou
reached Barcelona, Spain on June 16, 1882. a Rizal wrote theessay El Amor Patrio (Love of Country) upon his
arrival at Madrid under the pen-name Laong-Laan which appeared in the Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882. b.
Rizal's also wrote the article Los Viajes (Travels) for the Diariong Tagalog. 10 Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882
and established himself in the capital of Spain, Madrid. a. Rizal wrote for the Diariong Tagalog the article Revista de
Madrid (Review of Madrid) on November 29, 1882 but was returned due to the closure of the publication. 11. Rizal
enrolled on November 3, 1882 in the Universidad Central de Madrid in two courses: Medicine, and Philosophy and
Letters. 12. Rizal, shortly after his arrival in Madrid, Spain in 1882. joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a society of
Spaniards and Filipinos, a. Rizal wrote the poem Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me for Verses) which he recited on
December 31, 1882. 13. Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid in March 1883, However, he later
transferred to Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid. Here he became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890 and was later
awarded the diploma as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de France in Paris an February 15, 1892. 14. Rizal went
to Paris during his summer vacation in Madrid staying in the capital of France from June 17, 1883 to August 20,
1883.

go for the could not very well disobey the governor generals ordex Rizal was forced to Mave Calamba for two
reasons (1) his presence in Calamba was jempordizing the safety and happiness of his family and briends, and (2)
he could figre better his memes and serve his country's cause with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries. 36
Rizal, after a short stay of six months in Calamba, left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafko on February 3, 1888
and anived in Hong Kong on February 8, 1888 Rizal was wscomet by Jose Maria Bea, Balbino Mauricio Manuel arte
(ion of Francisco Yriarte, alcalde-theyor of Laguna), and other Filipino residents Accompanied by Jone Maria Basa,
Rizal boarded the ferry steamer Ku-Klang for Macao on February 18, 1888 and returned to Hong Kong on February
20, 1888. Rizal, while in Hong Kong, wrote Whentform, was asady and soon became seasio We ched Hong Kong,
which delighed me. There Iroduced to some leading pamant, one of the Varanda, who was they said, Secretary to
Governor General Enlic Temmo 1 traveled about with him for several days, especially on a trip which Varanda, Bana,
and took to Macao, see that Portuguese colony and to visit M Lecaro, in whose house we were guests Lecaraz, Jose
Basa and the other Filipinos in Hong Kong a parti and promoters of the book Noli Me Tangere in Hong Kong 1
investigated many important matters, for examp concering the riches of the Dominicans, concerming their missions,
concerning the Augustina Theme I came to know Babeo Maurico an unfortunate man worthy of a better fute and be
acquaintanceship was eft for me, for it prepared me for a fate which may be much worse 2014 95-9 37. Rizal's
movement in Hong Kong was monitored by Jose Sainz de Varanda, a Spaniard commissioned by the Spanish
authorities to spy Rizal Rizal left Hong Kong on board the American steamer for Japan on February 22, 1888 38.
Rizal arrived on Yokohama, Japan in the early moming of February 28, 1888 (Tuesday), proceedid the next day to
Tokyo, Japan where he stayed from March 2 to April 13, 1888. While, in Japan, he was invited by the secretary of the
Spanish

35ed to Calamba on August 8, 1887. There, he bished a medical clinic and his first patient was his was almost blind.
As Rizal was peacefully living amba his enemies plotted his doom. A storm broke ovel a few weeks after his arrival
which promptes moral Emilio de Terrero to request Rizal to come to Malacañan Palace. Governor-General Terrero
informed of the charge that the Noll contained subversive ideas Rual denied it and explained that he merely exposed
the mum and did not advocate subversive ideas. A liberal minded Spaniard, the governor-general knew that Rizal's
fe was in jeopardy because the friars were powerful, thus he assigned Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, a young Spanish
utenant as bodyguard of Rizal for security measure Governor-General Terrero read the Noli and found nothing wrong
with it. Because of the pressure exerted by the friars Governor General Terrero summoned Rizal and advised him to
leave the Philippines for his own good, giving him the chance to escape the fury of the friars wrath. Rizal had to

Roan Marsely France on the afternoon of ke 1882 by train and after a passport inspection at Port f reached
Barcelona, Spaili on June 16, 1882. & Rizal wrote theessay El Amor Patrio (Love of Country upon his arrival of
Madrid under the pen name Long-Laan which appeared in the Diariong Tags on August 20, 1882. Es Rizal's also
wrote the article Los Viajes (Travels) for the Diariong Tagalog. 10 Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882 and
established himself in the capital of Spain, Madrid 4. Ruzal wrote for the Diariong Tagalog the artic Revista de Madrid
(Review of Madrid) on November 29, 1882 but was returned due to the closure of the publication. 11. Rizal enrolled
on November 3, 1882 in the Universidad Central de Madrid in two courses: Medicine, and Philosophy and Letters 12.
Rizal, shortly after his arrival in Madrid, Spain in 1882, joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a society of Spaniards and
Filipinas, a Rizal wrote the poem Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me for Verses), which he recited on December 31,
1882 13. Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid in March 1883. However, he later transferred to
Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid. Here he became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890 and was later awarded the
diploma as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de France in Paris an February 15, 1892, 14. Rizal went to Paris
during his summer vacation in Madrid staying in the capital of France from June 17, 1883 to August 20, 1883.

E Rua decision to return to the Philippines was based on t following (1) operate on his mother's eyes; (2) serve ho
had long been oppressed by Spanish tyran find out for himself how the Noli and his writings Fipinos and Spaniards in
the Philippines; and ( inquire why Leanor Rivera remained silent. However, he w warmed not to return fiome because
of the publication of th Not Me Tangere and the uproar it caused among the fra but he did not heed to the warning.
34. Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, France and on July 2 1887, he boarded the steamer Djemnah, the same
steane which brought him to Europe five years ago. Rizal reache Saigon, Vietnam on July 30, 1887 and transferred
to be streamer Haiphong bound to Manila. Haiphong left Sago for Manila on August 2, 1887 and arrived Manila on
Augus 3, 1887. 35. Rizal returned to Calamba on August 8, 1887. There, he established a medical clinic and his first
patient was h mother who was almost blind. As Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his enemies plotted his doom.
A storm broke over his novel a few weeks after his arrival which prompted Governor General Emilio de Terrero to
request Rizal to come to Malacañan Palace, Governor-General Terrero informe Rizal of the charge that the Noll
contained subversive ideas Rizal denied it and explained that he merely exposed the truth and did not advocate
subversive ideas. A libera minded Spaniard, the governor-general knew that Rizals life was in jeopardy because the
friars were powerful, thus he assigned Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, a young Spanis lieutenant as bodyguard of Rizal
for security measure Governor-General Terrero read the Noli and found nothing wrong with it. Because of the
pressure exerted by the friars Governor-General Terrero summoned Rizal and advised him to leave the Philippines
for his own good, giving him the chance to escape the fury of the friars' wrath. Rizal had to

1 al was already vmg in Paris in Paovember and we in all assistant to the leading French opnmamagi Louis de
Weckert from November 15 February 32 Rizal reluctantly left Paris, France on February 1, 1886 for Germany, Rizal
arrived on February 3, 1866 in Hedberg Germany where he had a special training with a red German
ophthalmologist, Dr. Otto Becker Rizal compete his eye specialization in 1887 at the University of Hedberg under Dr
Otto Becker at the age of 25 a. Rizal wrote the poem "To the Flowers of Heidelberg on April 22, 1886. 23. Rizal wrote
his first letter in German on July 31, 1886 the Director of the Ateneo of Letmeritz, Austri Professor Ferdinand
Blumentritt, an Austrian ethnologist who got interest in Philippine languages. This marked the beginning of their long
and frequent correspondence and trenderic that lasted all their lives. 24. Rizal left the city of Heidelberg on August 9,
1886. Scanded on a train, he visited various cities of Germany and aves in Leipzig on August 14, 1886 where he
studied psychology and history at the University of Leipzig and became a hend of Professor Friedrich Ratzel 25.
Rizal left Leipzigfor Dresden on October 29, 1886, the Dresden in the morning of November 1, 1886 and sche Berlin
in the evening

30 Rizal and Visie wted the entre city of 4 Letmerite and on May 20, 17 they and the city of Vienna, capital of Aud
Hungry Quem of the Da 31. Riaal and Viole et Vienna on May 24, 1887 na bod to see the beautiful sights of the
Danube Rime The voyage ended in Lint, where they traveled olid to Salburg, and from there to Munch From Munch,
they want to Nuremberg and im after which they Shuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall (Cascade of the From Rhenfall,
they crossed the feder Switzerland where they staved fren June a continued their tour to Rasel (se), Bern, After
sightseeng in Lausanne, Pa and Viola boat, crossing the foggy Leman Lake in Gene where they spent 15 days 32.
Rizal and Viola parted ways on June 23, 1587 Vie returned to Barcelona, Spain while Rizal comed the tour to Italy In
Italy, Rizal visited Turin, Milan, Vonice, t Porence Rizal reached Rome (the Elemal City and the City of the Caesars)
on June 27, 1867 Ral vted for the first time the Vatican City (City of the Popes Christendom) on June 29, 1887. He
stavert f Min

15 at completed his medical course and was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine, by the Universidad
Central de Madrid June 21, 1804 at the age of 23 This made a Full Beckgest physician qualified to practice medicine
16 Rizal studied and passed all subjects leading to the degree Doctor of Medicine for the academic year 1884 to
1885. However, since he was not able to present the thesis required for graduation nor pand the corresponding fees,
he was not awarded his Doctor's diploma. 17 Rizal's most touching incident in life in Madrid occurred on Jone 24,
1884. He was unable to take breakfast that day and he attended his class at the university, participated in the contest
in Greek language and won gold medal with an empty stomach. He was able to eat dinner in the evening of the same
day for he was guest speaker in a banquet held in honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resurrección Hidalgo at Restaurant
Ingles, Madrid. 18. Rizal delivered his brindis or toast speech at a banquet in the Restaurant Ingles, Madrid, on the
evening of June 25, 1884 in honor Juan Luna, winner of the gold medal for his painting, "El Spoliarium," and Felix
Resurreccion Hidalgo, winner of a silver medal for his painting "Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho"
(Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace) at a Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes de Madrid (National Exposition
of Fine Arts in Madrid). The following is the full text of Jose Rizal's brindis speech: Jose Rizal's Brindis Speech: A
Toast Honoring Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo In rising to speak I have no fear that you will listen to me
with superciliousness for you have come here to add to ours your enthusiasm, the stimulus of youth, and you cannot
but be indulgent Sympathetic cuments pervade the air, bonds of fellowship radiate in all directions generous souT
den and so I do not fear for my humble personality, nor do I doubt your Kindness Sincere men yourselves, you seek
only sincenty, and from that where noble sentiments prevail, you give no heed to sordid rifles You survey the whole
field, you weigh the cause and extend your hand to

Rent ashore to see the sights in Aden, Yemen, which was the next stop over The Djemnah then proceeded to th Red
Sea terminal of the Suez Canal, the city of Suez € Rizal was thrilled for his first tre in the Suez Canal whic took the
Djemah five days to traverse 7 Randed to see the fascinating sights at the Mediterranea temal of the Suez Canal, the
Port Said The Djemna from Port Said, proceeded on its way to Europe & Real reacted Naples Italy on June 11, 1882
and on to night of June 12, 1882, Djemnah docked at the harbor Marseilles, France
1. Argued that Rizal attacked the doctrines, beliefs, and practices of the church= cuenco
2. Author in the Senate of the compromised version of he Rizal Bill= laurel
3. Author in the Senate of the original version of the Rizal Bill= recto
4. Date of the signing of the Rizal Bill into law= june 12, 1956
5. Directed to adopt measures to implement and carry out Section one of Rizal Law= R.A
1425
6. Issued to enforce strict compliance to memorandum order 247 s. 1994= CHED
7. Mandates the inclusion of the Life and Works of Rizal in the curriculum= CHED
8. Ordered CHED to fully implement the letter, intent, and spirit of Rizal Law= Ramos
9. Senate Committee that sponsored the Rizal Bill= Recto
10. Signed the Rizal Bill into Law=s Magsaysay
11. Date of the Philippine discovery= march 16, 1521
12. Nationality of Ferdinand Magellan= Portuguese
13. King of Limasawa= rajah kolambu
14. King of Butuan= rajah siagu
15. King of Cebu= RAJAH HUMABON
16. New Spain=
17. Chief of Mactan= LAPU-LAPU
18.Named Las Islas Filipinas to the Island of Leyte and later to the entire
archipelago= PRINCE PHILIP
19. King of Bohol whom Legaspi made a blood compact= RAJAH SIKATUNA
20. First Governor of the Philippine Island= LEGASPI
21. Capital of the Spanish Philippines= MANILA
22. Son of Rajah Humabon= rajah tupaz
23. First Spanish settlement in the Philippines= cebu
24. uKing of Manila during Spanish time= king Philip II

1. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi became the first captain general of the Philippines= true
2. Ferdinand Magellan was hostile to the local chieftains= false
3. Magellan's expedition was the last expedition of the Philippines= false
4. Legaspi expedition landed in Cebu and became friends with the natives=true
5.  The Philippines was made known to the Europeans on March 15, 1621= true
6. Rizal Law is the only mandated course in College= true
7. Representative Durano opposed House Bill No. 5561= true
8. Representative Gonzales is one of the opponents of Senate Bill No. 438= false
9. Senator Jose P. Laurel authored and filed a substitute bill on May 9, 1956= false
10. Jesus Paredes was one of the oppositions of the Rizal Bill= false
1. A treaty which ended the Spanish-American war= treaty of parish
2. Absolutist king of Spain= Philip II
3. Absolutist king of the Spanish Empire= Ferdinand VII
4. Filipino delegates to the Cortes= de los reyes
5. Implemented in the Philippines in 1813= cadiz constitution
6. Law- making body of Spain= Spanish-cortes
7. Means "forced labor"= polo y servicio
8. Meaning of Ilustrado= learned
9. Liberal-minded governor general of 1869= de la torre
10. The 3 secular priests who were executed and suffered martyrdom (give only the code
name)= gomburza
11. Successor of Gov. Gen. Carlos Ma. de la Torre= izquierdo
12. A cargo ship that monopolized trade from Manila to Acapulco Mexico= galleon trade
13. A pathway constructed that gave way and closer route to Japan and the Philippines=
suez canal
14. Spaniards born from Spain= penisulares
15. Local inhabitants= indios
16. Great great paternal grandfather of Rizal= mercado
17. Spaniards born in the Philippines= insulares
18. Best friend of Rizal= blumentritt
19. Gov. Gen. who adopt Spanish surnames to the Filipinos= claveria
20. Born of Spanish and Chinese ancestry= mestizos
21. The real family name of Rizal= mercado
22. The first name of Rizal's father= francisco
23. First formal teacher of Rizal= celestino
24. Name of the eldest sibling of Rizal= saturnina
25. First name of Rizal's sister whom Rizal shed his tears for the first time at the age of 4=
concepcion
26. Tutor of Rizal who taught him the rudiments of Latin= monroy
27. First Tagalog poem written by Rizal at the age of 8= sa aking mga kababata
28. First pen name of Rizal= dimasalang
29. School where Rizal enrolled his secondary education= ateneo municipal de manila
30. Average grade of Rizal in his secondary school= excellent
31. The first course enrolled by Rizal in UST= philosophy and letters
 32. The second course Rizal took in order to cure the eyesight of his mother=
ophthalmology
33. Complete birthdate of Rizal= june 19, 1861
34. Witnessed Rizal's baptism= casanas

Rizal El Filibusterismo
Rizal began to writing el fili in October 1887 while in Calamba. Made some changes in the plot
and corrected some chapter in London, England in 1888 and wrote additional chapter in
parish, France and Madrid Spain.

Rizal finish the manuscript in Blarritz on March 29, 1891.

Rizal left Brussels for Ghent in July 5, 1891- Cost of printing is cheaper in Ghent.

El filibusterismo was printed in Ghent by F. Meyer-Van Loo Press.

The printing was suspended on August 6, 1891 lack of necessary funds.

Valentin Ventura- Savior of el fili. Rizal donated the original manuscript and an autographed
printed copy to him.

September 198, 1891- el fili came off to the press.

GOMBURZA- rizal dedicated his el fili.

Don Mariano Gomez( 85 yrs old.)

Don Jose Burgos ( 30 yrs old)

Don Jacinto Zamora (35 yrs old)

The El filibusterismo was a sequel of Noli Me Tangere, Novel is Less humorous, less idealistic,
and less romantic, But more revolutionary, and tragic.
Simon- A rich jeweler, he was Crisostomo Ibarra In noli.

Simon reason for instigating a revolution were:

1. To rescue MariaClara form the convent.

2. To get rid of the ilis and evils of the society.

Elias-

Kabesang Tales- former Cabeza de barangay who suffered from misfortunes at the hands of
friars. Once a farmes who owning a prosperous sugarcane plantation.

Summary of the El fili:

Tabo- clumsy, roundish shaped streamer, the story begins. Sailing the Pasig river from Manila.

PASSENGERS:

 Simon-rich jeweler, man of wealth, and mystery. Close friend and confidant of the
governor-geneal.he was called the Brown Cardinal or the Black eminence.
 Dona Victorina- ridiculously pro-Spanish native woman, going to Laguna to search Don
Tiburcio de Espanada- henpecked husband.
 Paulita Gomez- beautiful niece of Dona Victorinas.
 Ben Zay – Spanish journalist, who wrote silly articles about FIlipio
 Padre Sibyla – Vice rector of the University of Santo Tomas
 Padre Camora – Parish Priest of the town of Tiani.
 Don Custodio – A pro-Spanish Filipino Holding a high position in government.
 Padre Salvi – thin Franciscan Friar. Former parish priest of San Diego.
 Padre Irene – kind friar who eas friend of Filipino student.
 Padre Florentino – retired-scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest.
 Isagani – a lover of Paulita and a poet-nephew of padre florentino.
 Basilio – son of sisa, promising medical studentwho is finance by Capitan Tiago, His
patron.

Simon Identity is discover by simon. Simon spared Basilio life and told himthe story of his past.
He asked Basilio to join the revulotion. Basilio decline.

Basilio with the help of the Ibarra’s riches, and Capitan Tiago, he was able to go to Colegio de
San Juan de letran, he able to win their favor after winning a fencing tournament.

Padre Irene, The confessor of Capitan Tiago was making Capitan Tiago health worstby giving
him opium.
Simon kept in close contact with the Bandit Group of Kabesang Tales become knew as Tandang
Selo.

Capitan Tiago will stated that Basilio will inherent all of his property. It was forged by Padre
Irene, due to the forgery his property was given into parts:

1. To santa Clara ( convent of poor Clares)

2. For the archbishop
3. One for pope
4. And one for the religious order.

Basilio was left in prison, upon hearing basilio sweetheart, Juli, daughter of kabesang Tales tried
to ask padre Camorra’s help upon the advice of Hermana Bali, Padre Camorra tried to rape Juli,
Hermana Bali tried to intervine to stop Padre Camorra and she been trap. Juli jumped from
conventwindow and died. Basilio’s release was arranged by Simon

Juanito Pelaez ( Basilio’ s hunchbacked classmate) and paulita wedding

CHARACTERS IN NOLI AND THE REAL PERSON TO WHOM THEY WERE DRAW:

 Maria Clara – Leonor Rivera (real life she became unfaithful and married an
Englishman); the ideal, the poetical, the pure and virgin dream, the fidelity in love;
 Ibarra - Jose Rizal

 Elias - Jose Rizal; personifies gratitude abnegation, sacrifice, and devotion to country.
vindicates the ignorant, vicious, lazy, and egoistic; but an optimist; a restless, free spirt
who suffered much from the malice and iniquity of men;

 Pilosopo Tasio - Paciano Rizal; educated man who dreams of a distant future, so distant
that he cannot reach and see it;

 Padri Salvi- Padre Antonio Piernavieja, the hated Augustinian friar in Cavite killed by the
patriots during the Revolution; with Padre Damaso were prototype of the 'friarocracy';
outwardly very religious and devoted, supinely tolerant, vain arrogant, and lacking
consideration; inwardly greedy, immoral, corrupt, and hypocritical;

 Capitan Tiago Capitan Sunico of San Nicolas; he represents pomposity, the false
appearance, the submissiveness and obedience of those who do not wish to be
disturbed in the least in their well-being and comfort; personifies the nullity, despotism
towards those below, and the blind obedience to the caprices of those above;

 Dona Victorina-Dona Agustina Medel represents the crazy and ludicrous pro-Hispanish
 Basilio and Crispin - Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy, Bulacan
 Padre Damaso -typical domineering frar during the time of Rizal: arrogant, immoral and
anti-Filipino
 Sisa-humble and simple woman defenseless victim of social injustices

b. Characters in the Fill and the real person to whom they were drawn

1. Padre Florentino - Father Leoncio Lopez, friend of Rizal and priest of Calamba
2. Isagani -Vicente Ilustre the poet and Batangueno friend of Rizal in Madrid, Spain.
3. Paulita Gomez - Leonor Rivera
 The novels were a true story of the Philippine conditions during the last
decades of the Spanish rule.
 They were written by the same author but vary in many aspects

a. Noli
i. Romantic novel (work of the heart and a book of feeling)

ii. Has freshness, color, humor, lightness, and wit

b. Fili

i. Political novel (work of the head and a book of thought)

ii. Contains bitterness, hatred, pain, violence, and sorrow.

ACTUAL SUMMARY:

The hero of El Filibusterismo is a rich jeweler named Simoun. He was Crisostomo Ibarra of the
Noli, who, with Elias’ help, escaped from the pursuing soldiers at Laguna de Bay, dug up his
buried treasure, and fled to Cuba where he became rich and befriended many Spanish officials.
After many years he returned to the Philippines, where he freely moved around. He is a
powerful figure not only because he is a rich jeweler, but also because he is a good friend and
adviser of the governor general.

Outwardly, Simoun is a friend of Spain. However, deep in his heart, he is secretly cherishing a
terrible revenge against the Spanish authorities. His two obsessions are rescuing Maria Clara
from the nunnery of Santa Clara, and fomenting a revolution against their hated Spanish
masters.

Synopsis of the Beginning Chapters of "El Filibusterismo"

The story of El Filibusterismo begins on board the clumsy, roundish shaped steamer Tabo, so
appropriately named. This steamer is sailing upstream the Pasig from Manila to Laguna de Bay.
Among the passengers are Simoun, the rich jeweler; Doña Victorina, the ridiculously pro-
Spanish native woman who is going to Laguna in search of her henpecked husband, Tiburcio de
Espadaña, who has deserted her; Paulita Gomez, her beautiful niece; Ben-Zayb (anagram of
Ibañez), a Spanish journalist who writes silly articles about the Filipinos; Padre Sibyla, vice-
rector of the University of Santo Tomas; Padre Camorra, the parish priest of the town of Tiani;
Don Custodio, a pro-spanish Filipino holding a position in the government; Padre Salvi, thin
Franciscan friar and former cura of San Diego; Padre Irene, a kind friar who was a friend of the
Filipino students; Padre Florentino, a retired scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest; Isagani, a
poet-nephew of Padre Florentino and a lover of Paulita; and Basilio, son of Sisa and promising
medical student, whose medical education is financed by his patron, Capitan Tiago.

Simoun, a man of wealth and mystery, is a very close friend and confidante of the Spanish
governor general. Because of his great influence in Malacañang, he was called the “Brown
Cardinal” or the “Black Eminence”. By using his wealth and political influence, he encourages
corruption in the government, promotes the oppression of the masses, and hastens the moral
degradation of the country so that the people may become desperate and fight. He smuggles
arms into the country with the help of a rich Chinese merchant, Quiroga, who wants very much
to be Chinese consul of Manila. His first attempt to begin the armed uprising did not materialize
because at the last hour he hears the sad news that Maria Clara died in the nunnery. In his
agonizing moment of bereavement, he did not give the signal for the outbreak of hostilities.
After a long time of illness brought about by the bitter loss of Maria Clara, Simoun perfects his
plan to overthrow the government. On the occasion of the wedding of Paulita Gomez and
Juanito Pelaez, he gives a wedding gift to them a beautiful pomegranate-styled kerosene lamp.
Only he and his confidential associates, Basilio (Sisa’s son who joined his revolutionary cause),
know that when the wick of his lamp burns lower the nitroglycerine, hidden in its secret
compartment, will explode, destroying the house where the wedding feast is going to be held
killing all the guests, including the governor general, the friars, and the government officials.
Simultaneously, all the government buildings in Manila will be blown by Simoun’s followers.

As the wedding feast begins, the poet Isagani, who has been rejected by Paulita because of his
liberal ideas, is standing outside the house, watching sorrowfully the merriment inside. Basilio,
his friend, warns him to go away because the lightened lamp will soon explode.

Upon hearing the horrible secret of the lamp, Isagani realizes that his beloved Paulita was in
grave danger. On the other hand, Simon left the reception early as planned and left a note
behind ‘MENE THECEL PHARES’. To save her life, he rushes into the house, seizes the lightened
lamp, and hurls it into the river, where it explodes.

The revolutionary plot was thus discovered. Simoun was cornered by the soldiers, but he
escaped. Mortally wounded, and carrying his treasure chest, he sought refuge in the home of
Padre Florentino by the sea.

The Spanish authorities, however, learns of his presence in the house of Padre Florentino.
Lieutenant Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest by letter that he would come at eight
o’clock that night to arrest Simoun.

Simoun eluded arrest by taking poison. As he is dying, he confesses to Padre Florentino,

revealing his true identity, his dastardly plan to use his wealth to avenge himself, and his
sinister aim to destroy his friends and enemies.

The confession of the dying Simoun is long and painful. It is already night when Padre
Florentino, wiping the sweat from his wrinkled brow, rises and begins to meditate. He consoles
the dying man saying: “God will forgive you Señor Simoun. He knows that we are fallible. He has
seen that you have suffered, and in ordaining that the chastisement for your faults should come
as death from the very ones you have instigated to crime, we can see His infinite mercy. He has
frustrated your plans one by one, the best conceived, first by the death of Maria Clara, then by
a lack of preparation, then in some mysterious way. Let us bow to His will and render Him
thanks!”
Watching Simoun die peacefully with a clear conscience and at peace with God. Padre
Florentino falls upon his knees and prays for the dead jeweler. He takes the treasure chest and
throws it into the sea; as the waves close over the sinking chest

Rizal El Filibusterismo
Rizal began to writing el fili in October 1887 while in Calamba. Made some changes in the plot
and corrected some chapter in London, England in 1888 and wrote additional chapter in
parish, France and Madrid Spain.

Rizal finish the manuscript in Blarritz on March 29, 1891.

Rizal left Brussels for Ghent in July 5, 1891- Cost of printing is cheaper in Ghent.

El filibusterismo was printed in Ghent by F. Meyer-Van Loo Press.

The printing was suspended on August 6, 1891 lack of necessary funds.

Valentin Ventura- Savior of el fili. Rizal donated the original manuscript and an autographed
printed copy to him.

September 198, 1891- el fili came off to the press.

GOMBURZA- rizal dedicated his el fili.

Don Mariano Gomez( 85 yrs old.)

Don Jose Burgos ( 30 yrs old)

Don Jacinto Zamora (35 yrs old)

The El filibusterismo was a sequel of Noli Me Tangere, Novel is Less humorous, less idealistic,
and less romantic, But more revolutionary, and tragic.

Simon- A rich jeweler, he was Crisostomo Ibarra In noli.

Simon reason for instigating a revolution were:

3. To rescue MariaClara form the convent.

4. To get rid of the ilis and evils of the society.

Elias-
Kabesang Tales- former Cabeza de barangay who suffered from misfortunes at the hands of
friars. Once a farmes who owning a prosperous sugarcane plantation.

Summary of the El fili:

Tabo- clumsy, roundish shaped streamer, the story begins. Sailing the Pasig river from Manila.

PASSENGERS:

 Simon-rich jeweler, man of wealth, and mystery. Close friend and confidant of the
governor-geneal.he was called the Brown Cardinal or the Black eminence.
 Dona Victorina- ridiculously pro-Spanish native woman, going to Laguna to search Don
Tiburcio de Espanada- henpecked husband.
 Paulita Gomez- beautiful niece of Dona Victorinas.
 Ben Zay – Spanish journalist, who wrote silly articles about FIlipio
 Padre Sibyla – Vice rector of the University of Santo Tomas
 Padre Camora – Parish Priest of the town of Tiani.
 Don Custodio – A pro-Spanish Filipino Holding a high position in government.
 Padre Salvi – thin Franciscan Friar. Former parish priest of San Diego.
 Padre Irene – kind friar who eas friend of Filipino student.
 Padre Florentino – retired-scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest.
 Isagani – a lover of Paulita and a poet-nephew of padre florentino.
 Basilio – son of sisa, promising medical studentwho is finance by Capitan Tiago, His
patron.

Simon Identity is discover by simon. Simon spared Basilio life and told himthe story of his past.
He asked Basilio to join the revulotion. Basilio decline.

Basilio with the help of the Ibarra’s riches, and Capitan Tiago, he was able to go to Colegio de
San Juan de letran, he able to win their favor after winning a fencing tournament.

Padre Irene, The confessor of Capitan Tiago was making Capitan Tiago health worstby giving
him opium.

Simon kept in close contact with the Bandit Group of Kabesang Tales become knew as Tandang
Selo.

Capitan Tiago will stated that Basilio will inherent all of his property. It was forged by Padre
Irene, due to the forgery his property was given into parts:

5. To santa Clara ( convent of poor Clares)

6. For the archbishop
 7. One for pope
8. And one for the religious order.

Basilio was left in prison, upon hearing basilio sweetheart, Juli, daughter of kabesang Tales tried
to ask padre Camorra’s help upon the advice of Hermana Bali, Padre Camorra tried to rape Juli,
Hermana Bali tried to intervine to stop Padre Camorra and she been trap. Juli jumped from
conventwindow and died. Basilio’s release was arranged by Simon

Juanito Pelaez ( Basilio’ s hunchbacked classmate) and paulita wedding

CHARACTERS IN NOLI AND THE REAL PERSON TO WHOM THEY WERE DRAW:

 Maria Clara – Leonor Rivera (real life she became unfaithful and married an
Englishman); the ideal, the poetical, the pure and virgin dream, the fidelity in love;
 Ibarra - Jose Rizal

 Elias - Jose Rizal; personifies gratitude abnegation, sacrifice, and devotion to country.
vindicates the ignorant, vicious, lazy, and egoistic; but an optimist; a restless, free spirt
who suffered much from the malice and iniquity of men;

 Pilosopo Tasio - Paciano Rizal; educated man who dreams of a distant future, so distant
that he cannot reach and see it;

 Padri Salvi- Padre Antonio Piernavieja, the hated Augustinian friar in Cavite killed by the
patriots during the Revolution; with Padre Damaso were prototype of the 'friarocracy';
outwardly very religious and devoted, supinely tolerant, vain arrogant, and lacking
consideration; inwardly greedy, immoral, corrupt, and hypocritical;

 Capitan Tiago Capitan Sunico of San Nicolas; he represents pomposity, the false
appearance, the submissiveness and obedience of those who do not wish to be
disturbed in the least in their well-being and comfort; personifies the nullity, despotism
towards those below, and the blind obedience to the caprices of those above;

 Dona Victorina-Dona Agustina Medel represents the crazy and ludicrous pro-Hispanish
 Basilio and Crispin - Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy, Bulacan
 Padre Damaso -typical domineering frar during the time of Rizal: arrogant, immoral and
anti-Filipino
 Sisa-humble and simple woman defenseless victim of social injustices

b. Characters in the Fill and the real person to whom they were drawn

4. Padre Florentino - Father Leoncio Lopez, friend of Rizal and priest of Calamba
5. Isagani -Vicente Ilustre the poet and Batangueno friend of Rizal in Madrid, Spain.
6. Paulita Gomez - Leonor Rivera
 The novels were a true story of the Philippine conditions during the last
decades of the Spanish rule.
 They were written by the same author but vary in many aspects

b. Noli
j. Romantic novel (work of the heart and a book of feeling)

ii. Has freshness, color, humor, lightness, and wit

b. Fili

i. Political novel (work of the head and a book of thought)

ii. Contains bitterness, hatred, pain, violence, and sorrow.

ACTUAL SUMMARY:

The hero of El Filibusterismo is a rich jeweler named Simoun. He was Crisostomo Ibarra of the
Noli, who, with Elias’ help, escaped from the pursuing soldiers at Laguna de Bay, dug up his
buried treasure, and fled to Cuba where he became rich and befriended many Spanish officials.
After many years he returned to the Philippines, where he freely moved around. He is a
powerful figure not only because he is a rich jeweler, but also because he is a good friend and
adviser of the governor general.

Outwardly, Simoun is a friend of Spain. However, deep in his heart, he is secretly cherishing a
terrible revenge against the Spanish authorities. His two obsessions are rescuing Maria Clara
from the nunnery of Santa Clara, and fomenting a revolution against their hated Spanish
masters.

Synopsis of the Beginning Chapters of "El Filibusterismo"

The story of El Filibusterismo begins on board the clumsy, roundish shaped steamer Tabo, so
appropriately named. This steamer is sailing upstream the Pasig from Manila to Laguna de Bay.
Among the passengers are Simoun, the rich jeweler; Doña Victorina, the ridiculously pro-
Spanish native woman who is going to Laguna in search of her henpecked husband, Tiburcio de
Espadaña, who has deserted her; Paulita Gomez, her beautiful niece; Ben-Zayb (anagram of
Ibañez), a Spanish journalist who writes silly articles about the Filipinos; Padre Sibyla, vice-
rector of the University of Santo Tomas; Padre Camorra, the parish priest of the town of Tiani;
Don Custodio, a pro-spanish Filipino holding a position in the government; Padre Salvi, thin
Franciscan friar and former cura of San Diego; Padre Irene, a kind friar who was a friend of the
Filipino students; Padre Florentino, a retired scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest; Isagani, a
poet-nephew of Padre Florentino and a lover of Paulita; and Basilio, son of Sisa and promising
medical student, whose medical education is financed by his patron, Capitan Tiago.

Simoun, a man of wealth and mystery, is a very close friend and confidante of the Spanish
governor general. Because of his great influence in Malacañang, he was called the “Brown
Cardinal” or the “Black Eminence”. By using his wealth and political influence, he encourages
corruption in the government, promotes the oppression of the masses, and hastens the moral
degradation of the country so that the people may become desperate and fight. He smuggles
arms into the country with the help of a rich Chinese merchant, Quiroga, who wants very much
to be Chinese consul of Manila. His first attempt to begin the armed uprising did not materialize
because at the last hour he hears the sad news that Maria Clara died in the nunnery. In his
agonizing moment of bereavement, he did not give the signal for the outbreak of hostilities.
After a long time of illness brought about by the bitter loss of Maria Clara, Simoun perfects his
plan to overthrow the government. On the occasion of the wedding of Paulita Gomez and
Juanito Pelaez, he gives a wedding gift to them a beautiful pomegranate-styled kerosene lamp.
Only he and his confidential associates, Basilio (Sisa’s son who joined his revolutionary cause),
know that when the wick of his lamp burns lower the nitroglycerine, hidden in its secret
compartment, will explode, destroying the house where the wedding feast is going to be held
killing all the guests, including the governor general, the friars, and the government officials.
Simultaneously, all the government buildings in Manila will be blown by Simoun’s followers.

As the wedding feast begins, the poet Isagani, who has been rejected by Paulita because of his
liberal ideas, is standing outside the house, watching sorrowfully the merriment inside. Basilio,
his friend, warns him to go away because the lightened lamp will soon explode.

Upon hearing the horrible secret of the lamp, Isagani realizes that his beloved Paulita was in
grave danger. On the other hand, Simon left the reception early as planned and left a note
behind ‘MENE THECEL PHARES’. To save her life, he rushes into the house, seizes the lightened
lamp, and hurls it into the river, where it explodes.

The revolutionary plot was thus discovered. Simoun was cornered by the soldiers, but he
escaped. Mortally wounded, and carrying his treasure chest, he sought refuge in the home of
Padre Florentino by the sea.

The Spanish authorities, however, learns of his presence in the house of Padre Florentino.
Lieutenant Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest by letter that he would come at eight
o’clock that night to arrest Simoun.

Simoun eluded arrest by taking poison. As he is dying, he confesses to Padre Florentino,

revealing his true identity, his dastardly plan to use his wealth to avenge himself, and his
sinister aim to destroy his friends and enemies.

The confession of the dying Simoun is long and painful. It is already night when Padre
Florentino, wiping the sweat from his wrinkled brow, rises and begins to meditate. He consoles
the dying man saying: “God will forgive you Señor Simoun. He knows that we are fallible. He has
seen that you have suffered, and in ordaining that the chastisement for your faults should come
as death from the very ones you have instigated to crime, we can see His infinite mercy. He has
frustrated your plans one by one, the best conceived, first by the death of Maria Clara, then by
a lack of preparation, then in some mysterious way. Let us bow to His will and render Him
thanks!”
Watching Simoun die peacefully with a clear conscience and at peace with God. Padre
Florentino falls upon his knees and prays for the dead jeweler. He takes the treasure chest and
throws it into the sea; as the waves close over the sinking chest.

Defense counsel of rizal---- Luis Taviel de Andrade

Rizal’s bodyguard in Calamba---- Jose Tavie de Andrade

Sucessor of Gov. Gen. Blanco

Recommended Rizal’s immediate trial----------- Gov. Polavieja

Rizal’s prosecuting attorney---- Lt. de Alocer

First Lieutenant of the Artillery------- Luis Taviel de Andrade

Rizal’s accusation----------rebellion

Decreed the death sentence of Rizal--- Gov. Gen. Polavieja

Place of Execution of Rizal------Bagumbayan

Date of execution of rizal-------- December 30, 1896

Read the death sentence of Rizal-------Capt. Dominguez

Rector of Ateneo de Manila---- Father Mata

Rizal’s teacher at Ateneo, his last visitor---------- Vilaclara

To whom rizal gave an alcohol cooking stove------- Trinidad

Submitted the draft of retraction to Rizal------ Father Balaguer

Dean of the Manila Cathedral------------ Father Tunon

Civil Governor of Manila----------- Miguel Luengco

Fiscal of the Royal Audiencia of Manila---------------- Don Gaspar Cestano

First historical book written by a Filipino--------- sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

Penniless fortune hunter engaged to Maria Clara--------- Linares

Annogated Morga’s Sucesos------- Jose Rizal

Ibarra’s native town----------- San Diego

Rizal’s childhood sweetheart------- Leonor Rivera

Franciscan friar for 20 years in San Diego ------------ Padre Damaso

Elderly and kind lieutenant of the guardia civil------- Lt. Guevarra

Ibarra’s childhood sweetheart-------------Maria Clara

Young Dominican parish priest of Binondo---------- Fr. Sybila

New Franciscan parish priest of San Diego--------------Padre Salvi

A bogus Spanish physician-------------- Tiburcio de Espadana

Father of Crisostomo Ibarra----------- Don Rafael

Host of the dinner party in San Diego--------Capitan Tiago

A young rich Filipino who studied in Europe----- Ibarra

Mother of Maria Clara------------- Pia Alba

Real Father of Maria Clara----------- Padre Damaso