OPEN ELECTIVE

Winter Semester, B.Tech.

Course No : AP304
Bio- Physics (Revised)
Course No : AP304
Credits: 04

52 Lectures
Unit I
Energies, Forces and Bonds
Interactive Potentials for strong and Weak Bonds, Non central forces, Bond Energies and Spring
constants.
Techniques and Methods
X-ray diffraction and Molecular structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Scanning Tunnelling
Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Optical Tweezers.
Unit II
(a) Biological Polymers & Biological Membranes
Nucleic Acids, DNA and RNA, Proteins, Proteins folding Biological Membranes, Membrane
Chemistry and Structure, Membrane Physics, Excitable Membranes, diffusion and Mobility of
ions, Resting Potential
Nerve Signals
Passive Response, Nerve impulses, Nervous System Memory
(b) Vertebrate heart
Role of the vertebrate circulatory system, blood pressure and veocities, the veretebrate heart, the
heart sequence, Electrocardiography, Heart as a pump.
Unit III
Chemical Spectroscopy
Absorption, spectroscopy and Molecular structure, Atomic and Molecular energy levels,
vibration of polyatomic molecules, Raman spectra, characteristics bond frequency, Electronic
energy level, Electronic energy spectra of polyatomic molecules, UV absorption by proteins and
nucleic acids. Photoacoustic spectroscopic technique and its application to Biomolecules. Laser
and its applications.
Unit IV
Radiation, Health and Traces
Absorption of radiation by body tissues, Damage because of neutrons, Radio dose units,
Relativge Biological Effectiveness ( RBE), Radiation detection and measurements.
Radioactive Traces, Requirements of a Tracer, Application of Traces, Chemical applications :
Tracer method and its limitations, Rate of chemical exchange reaction, Analytical applications :
Neutron activation analysis, Analysis with ion beams, PIXE technique.

Books :
1. Biophysics- An Introduction by Rodney Cottouill, John Wiley & Sons Ltd
( Ed. 2002)
2. Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Gerhart Friedlander, Joseph w. Kenedy, Ed ward
S. Macias and J.M. MillerJones, Wiley & Sons
 B.O.S. Date:31-12-2016

FIRST YEAR B.TECH.

Course Title: APPLIED PHYSICS, Course No: APS111/AP111
Course Category: Basic Sciences (Theory), Credits: 4
(Common to all branches of B. Tech. )
(3L+ 1T) / Week
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1- recognize and present real life examples of the aforementioned concept and interrelate some of them.
CO2- describe the link between physics and the technology.
CO3 - identify technological applications of some of the aforementioned concepts.
CO4 - describe how he/she can harness the benefits of some of the aforementioned concepts to his /her area of
specialization.

UNIT-I:
Semiconductors: Elemental and compound semiconductors (S,1.1), Energy bands (S,3.1.2) Direct
and indirect semiconductors (S, 3.1.4), Electrons and holes (S, 3.2.1), Effective mass (S, 3.2.2),
Intrinsic materials (S, 3.2.3), Extrinsic materials (S, 3.2.4), Fermi level (S,3.3.1), Electron and hole
concentration at equilibrium (S,3.3.2), Temperature dependence of carrier concentrations (S, 3.3.3.),
Compensation and space charge neutrality (S, 3.3.4), Conductivity and mobility (S, 3.4.1), Hall
effect in semiconductors (S,3.4.5)
UNIT-II:
Lasers & its Applications: Basic principle, Induced absorption, Spontaneous and induced emissions,
Ruby and He-Ne lasers (B, 4.9), Semiconductor laser (W, 9.15), Characteristics of laser light and its
applications based on these characteristics (W, 4.13/4.42to4.45) (e.g., in industry, science, medicine,
communications, surveying, holography, fusion reactors, isotope separation, etc.)
Fibre Optics: Basic principle (S,7.2), Fibre construction (S,7.2.2) and dimensions (S,7.2.3),
Light propagation in fibres (S,7.2.4/1), Numerical aperture of fibres ( S, 7.2.4), Step index and
graded index fibres (S,7.2.4), Signal distortion in optical fibres (S, 7.2.5), Transmission losses (S,
7.2.6), Light wave communication in optical fibres (S,7.3). Advantages of optical fibres over
conventional system of communication.

UNIT-III:
Particles and Waves: Mechanism of x- ray production (continuous and characteristic x- rays, Duane-
Hunt limit) (B, 2.5/20, 21), Compton effect (B, 2.7/25 to 38), Pair production (B, 2.8/39 to 50), Phase
and group velocities (B, 3.4/ 13 to 22), Uncertainty principle ( B, 3.7/30-40)

Quantum Mechanics: Introduction to quantum mechanics, Wave function, Conditions necessary

for physically acceptable wave function, Probability density and probability (B,5.1/1to5),
Schrödinger equation (time dependent and steady state or time independent forms), Eigen
values and Eigen functions (B,5.3 and 5.7/11), Expectation values (B,5.5), Particle in a box
(infinite potential well) (B,5.8/12 to 23), Tunnel effect (qualitative discussion only) (B,5.10/37& 38).
UNIT-IV:
Statistical Mechanics: Statistical distributions (B, 9.1), Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics (B,
9.2/1&6), Molecular energies in an ideal gas (B, 9.3/7 to 14), Quantum statistics (B, 9.4/15 &16),
Specific heats of solids (B, 9.8), Free electron in a metal (B, 9.9) and Electron- energy distribution
(B, 9.10/36 to 51)

B.O. S. held on 31 December 2016

 B.O.S. Date:31-12-2016

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ben G. Streetman, “ Solid State Electronic Devices” 5th edition(2000), Prentice-Hall of India
Private Limited, New Delhi.
2. Arthur Beiser, “Concepts of Modern Physics” 6th edition (2003), Mc. Graw Hills Inc.
International Edition.
3. M.R. Wehr, J.A. Richards Jr. and T.W. Adair III, “ Physics of the Atom” 4th edition (1984),
Addison Wesley / Narosa
4. M.R. Srinivasan,” Physics for Engineers” 1st Edition (1996), New Age International (P)
Limited, Publishers
…………………

B.O. S. held on 31 December 2016

 B.O.S. held on 6th October 2018

Appendix-III
Course Title Electrical Engineering Materials
Course Number : APS2050
Credits : 3
Course Category : BS
Pre-requite(s) : -
Contact Hours : 2-1-0
Type of Course : Theory
Course Work : Home Assignments (15%)
Mid-Semester Examination (1 hour) (25%)
End-Semester Examination (2 hours) (60%)

Course Outcomes Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:

1. apply general math, science and engineering skills for the solution of electrical engineering
problems.
2. apply core concepts in Materials Science to acquire skills and techniques necessary for
electrical engineering modern materials.
3. to select electrical engineering materials for design of electrical equipments and perform
experiments and able to analyze data.
4. understand the professional and ethical responsibilities of a materials scientist and
engineer.

UNIT 1: Conductivity of materials and Superconductivity:

Conductivity of materials: Free electron theory of Metals, Ohms law and relaxation time of Electrons,
Factors Effecting resistivity of materials, Thermal Conductivity of Materials, Thermoelectric Effect,
Properties and applications of High Conductivity and High Resistivity materials, Properties of materials
used for making Solder, Electrical Contacts, Carbon Brushes , Fuses, Super Alloys, Electronic Components
and Thermocouples.
Superconductivity: Superconductivity and Transition Temperatures, Current status of High Temperatures
Superconductors, Superconducting materials and their Applications, Superconducting Transmission cables.

UNIT 2: Dielectric Properties of Materials:

The Static Dielectric Constant, Polarization and Dielectric Constant, Polarization Mechanisms, Behavior
of Dielectrics in Alternating Fields, Complex Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Losses, Loss Tangent (Tan
Delta) and its Significance, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric materials and their applications.

UNIT 3: Insulating Materials and their Applications:

Dielectric Strength of insulating Materials, Temperature Classification of Insulating Materials, Properties
of Insulators ( Electrical, Mechanical, Thermal and Chemical), Solid Insulating Materials used in
Transmission Lines, Underground Cables and machine winding and capacitors , Enamels for windings,
Properties and Testing of Transformer oil. Electronegative gases and vacuum as a Dielectric, factors

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 B.O.S. held on 6th October 2018

effecting the characteristics of Insulating materials (Presence of Air spaces and Moisture), Applications of
Nano-dielectric to high voltage insulation systems.

UNIT 4: Magnetic Properties of Materials:

Magnetization, Atomic Magnetic Moments, Classification of magnetic materials (Diamagnetic,
Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic, Ferrimagnetic and Antiferromagnetic), Ferromagnetic Domains,
Magnetization Curve, Properties and Applications Soft and Hard Ferromagnetic Materials in Electrical
Machines, Applications of Ferrimagnetic materials, Non Oriented and Grain Oriented Steels (CRGO steel),
Magnetostriction and Magnetic resonance.

Books:
1. *R. K. Rajput Electrical engineering Materials, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.
2.*A.J. Dekker Electrical engineering Materials, Prentice Hall
3. C.S. Indulkar and An Introduction to Electric Engineering Materials, S. Chand &Co.
S. Thiruvengadam Ltd
4. L. Solymar and d. Walsh Electrical Properties of Materials, Oxford University Press.2004
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 NANOPHYSICS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
APO3090

Course Outcomes:
1. To understand the history, background and nature of nanoscience and nanotechnology
as well as the quantum and nanosized scale effects on materials.
2. To acquire theoretical understanding of different types of materials and their
application in nanotechnology.
3. To learn the methods of synthesis & characterization of graphene and graphene oxide.
4. To understand the physics behind the unusual properties displayed by graphene and its
applications.

1. BASICS AND SCALE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Scientific revolutions –Time and length scale in structures – Definition of a
nanosystem –Dimensionality and size dependent phenomena – Surface to volume
ratio -Fraction of surface atoms – Surface energy and surface stress- surface
defects-Properties at nanoscale (optical, mechanical, electronic and magnetic).

2. DIFFERENT CLASSES OF NANOMATERIALS

Classification based on dimensionality-Quantum Dots,Wells and Wires, prepration
of quantum nanostructures, size effects, conduction electrons and dimensionality,
Fermi gas and density of states, potential wells, partial confinement, properties
dependent on density of states, exitons, single electron tunneling.

3. Nanostructured Ferromagnetism
Basics of Ferromagnetism, Effect of Bulk Nanostructuring of Magnetic Properties,
Dynamics of Nanomagnets, Nanopore Containment of Magnetic Particles,
Nanocarbon Ferromagnets, Giant and Colossal Magnetoresistance, Ferrofluids.

4. SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE

Graphene – a wonder material, brief history of graphene, structure of graphene,
Types of graphene, synthesis methods of graphene and graphene oxide,
applications of graphene.

Books:

1. Introduction to Nanotechnology by C.P. Poole Jr. and F.J. Oweus, Wiley Interscience
2. Nano-Technology by Gregory Timp (Editior), AIP Press, Springer
3. Pradeep T., “A Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology”, Tata McGraw Hill
Education Pvt. Ltd.
4. Hari Singh Nalwa, “Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology”, Academic Press
5. Graphene: Synthesis and applications, edited by Wonbong Choi and Jo-won Lee)