SLM S.Y. B.A. Hindi

esa.vaaya.baI.e.
saamaanya ihMdI
BH$mB© - 1
CgZo H$hm Wm
M§ÐYa e_m© "Jwboar'
AZwH$« _
1.0 CÔoí`
1.1 àñVmdZm
1.2 {df` - {ddaU
H$hmZr - CgZo H$hm Wm
1.2.1 - CgZo H$hm Wm … Ho$ nmÌ Ed§ M[aÌ {MÌU
1.2.2 - H$WmonH$WZ
1.2.3 - dmVmdaU
1.2.4 - ^mfm-e¡br
1.2.5 - CÔoí`
1.3 ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ
1.4 gmam§e
1.5 eãXmW©
1.6 ñdmÜ`m` - joÌr` H$m`©
1.7 A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVH$|
1.0 CÔoí`
* H$hmZrH$ma Jwbao r H$s _Zmodk¡ m{ZH$ {dMmaYmam H$mo g_P|Jo &
* Bg H$hmZr _| ì`má CXmÎm ào_ Am¡a Ë`mJ H$s ^mdZm go n[a{MV hm|Jo &
* _mZdr` CXmÎm _yë`m| Ho$ AmXem] go n[a{MV hm|J&o
1.1 àñVmdZm
M§ÐYa e_m© Jwbao r H$m OÝ_ O`nwa _| EH$ à{gÕ n§{S>V KamZo _| hþAm Wm & do g§ñH¥$V
Ho$ àH$mÊS> n§{S>V Wo & A§JOo« r H$s CÀM {ejm àmá H$aZo dmbo Bg {dÛmZ² H$mo Xoer-{dXoer AZoH$
^mfmAm| H$m kmZ Wm &
CZH$s {ejm O`nwa _o§ hþB© & H$mer- {díd{dÚmb` Ho$ Amoa{Q>`b H$m°boO _| gZ²
1920 _| do {àpÝgnb aho & H$mer _| hr ZmJar - àMm[aUr g^m Ho$ do g^mn{V Wo & gZ²
Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 1
1977 _| CZH$m ñdJ©dmg hþAm & Bg bKw OrdZ H$mb _| CÝhm|Zo H$_ gm{hË` H$m g¥OZ
{H$`m qH$Vw Cggo hr do qhXr gm{hË` _| AnZm A_a ñWmZ ~Zm gHo$ & CgZo H$Wm Wm,
gwI_` OrdZ, ~wÜXÿ H$m H$m§Q>m hr CZH$s H$hm{Z`m± h¡§ & ào_ Am¡a Ë`mJ ^mdZm na
AmYm[aV "CgZo H$hm Wm' H$hmZr bmoH${à` h¡ & Bg H$hmZr Ho$ g§X^© _| S>m°. {dídZmW
àgmX {_l Zo {bIm h¡ - ""ào_ Ho$ ~marH$ Vmam| go ~wZr, ~ohX g§OrXm Am¡a H$bmË_H$
H$hmZr {Ogo C{MV hr H$B© boIH$ Am¡a AmbmoMH$ AnZo g_` go ~rg gmb AmJo H$s
H$hmZr _mZVo h¢, AmO ^r {OgH$m AmñdmX \$sH$m Zht n‹S>m & Bgr CñVmXmZµ\$Z Ho$ H$maU
Jwbao r {g\©$ VrZ H$hm{Z`m± ("CgZo H$hm Wm', "gwI_` OrdZ' Am¡a "~wÜXÿ H$m H$m§Q>m')
{bIH$a qhXr Ho$ A_a H$WmH$ma hmo Jò &'' ñnï>V… "Jwbao r H$s CgZo H$hm Wm' H$hmZr qhXr
Ho$ CÁÁdb ^{dî` H$m n[aM` XoVr h¡ &
M§ÐYa e_m© Jwbao r Ûmam {b{IV "CgZo H$hm Wm' H$hmZr H$m CÔoí` Ho$db _ZmoaO § Z
Z hmoH$a CXmÎm ào_ H$m àñVw{VH$aU h¡ & gwà{gÕ AmbmoMH$ AmMm`© am_M§Ð ewŠb Ho$
AZwgma Bg "H$hmZr _| ñdJu` ào_ Pm±H$ ahm h¡ & {Zb©Á` hmoH$a nwH$ma Zht ahm &' VmËn`©
h¡ {H$, H$hmZr _| A{^ì`ŠV ào_ Ë`mJ go nwï> hþAm h¡ & g§nU y © H$hmZr _mZd Ho$ CXmÎm
ñd^md H$m {X½Xe©Z H$a ào_ H$s gd©loð>Vm H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVr h¡ &
H$hmZr H$m Zm`H$ bhZm qgh AnZo ~MnZ _| H$^r EH$ ~m{bH$m go _Z hr _Z ào_
H$aVm Wm & H$mbm§Va _| dh b‹S>H$s CgHo$ gy~Xo ma H$s nËZr ~Zr & {OgZo bm_² na OmVo
hþE bhZm qgh go `h {ZdoXZ {H$`m {H$ dh CgHo$ n{V Am¡a nwÌ H$s ajm H$a| & bhZm qgh
`wÕ Ho$ _¡XmZ _| AnZo àmUmo H$m CËgJ© H$a gy~oXma Am¡a CgHo$ nwÌ ~moYm H$mo ~MmVm h¡ &
Bg àH$ma gy~Xo maZr Zo Omo Hw$N> H$hm Wm bhZm Zo nyam {H$`m h¡ & H$hmZr H$m CÔoí` ào_
Am¡a H$V©ì` H$s CXmÎmVm {gÕ H$aZm h¡ &
1.2 {df` - {ddaU

H$hmZr - CgZo H$hm Wm
M§ÐYa e_m© Jwbao r H$s H$hmZr "Cgo H$hm Wm' H$m àma§^ A_¥Vga Ho$ ~å~yH$mQ>© ~mOma
Ho$ dU©Z Ho$ gmW hmoVm h¡ & Jwbao r Ho$ g_` A_¥Vga H$s emZ AbJ Wr & `hm± ~mOma _|
Vm±Jo MbVo Wo, Vm±Jdo mbo AË`§V _Ywa ñda _| "~Mmo Imbgm Or', "hQ>mo _mBOr', "R>haZm
_mB©', "AmZo Xmo bmbmOr', Am¡a "hQ>mo ~mXemh', H$s nwH$ma bJmVo hþE Vm±Jo MbmVo Wo &
"Or' Am¡a "gmh~' CZHo$ g§~moYZ Wo & Eogo A_¥Vga Ho$ ~mOma _| EH$ b‹S>H$m Am¡a EH$
b‹S>H$s Mm¡H$ H$s EH$ XþH$mZ na Am {_bVo h¢ & XmoZm| {gI h¡, b‹S>H$m _m_m Ho$ ~mb YmoZo
Ho$ {bE Xhr Am¡a b‹S>H$s agmoB© Ho$ {bE ~{‹S>`m boZo AmB© Wr & dhr XmoZm| H$m n[aM` hmoVm
h¡& gm¡Xm boZo Ho$ ~mX XmoZm| gmW- gmW MbVo h¢ & Hw$N> Xÿa OmZo na b‹S>H$m _wñHw$amH$a
nyN>Vm h¡ "Voar Hw$S>_B© hmo JB©?' Bg na b‹S>H$s Hw$N> Am±I§o M‹T>mH$a "YV²' H$hH$a ^mJ
OmVr h¡ & BgHo$ ~mX ha Xÿgao-Vrgao {XZ ~mOma _| XmoZm§o {_bVo h¡§ & b‹S>H$m àíZ nyN>Vm
h¡ Am¡a b‹S>H$s "YV²' H$hH$a ^mJ OmVr & EH$ {XZ b‹S>Ho$ Zo h±gr _| {MT>mVo, hþE nyN>m Vmo
b‹S>H$s Zo b‹S>Ho$ H$s g§^mdZm Ho$ {dê$Õ H$hm -""hm°, hmo JB© & XoIVo Zht `h aog_ go J‹T>m
hþAm gmby &'' {Ogo gwZVo hr b‹S>H$m CXmg hmo J`m &
Hw$N> {XZm| ~mX b‹S>H$m - bhZm qgh {_bQ´>r _| ^Vu hmo J`m h¡ & bm_ na OmVo g_`
gy~oXma Cgo g§Xoe ôOVo h¡ {H$ _oao Jm±d go hmoH$a OmZm & gmW-gmW Mb|Jo & Bg{bE bhZm
qgh gy~Xo ma Ho$ Ka nhþM ± Vm h¡ & V~ gy~Xo ma Cgo ~VmVm h¡ {H$ gy~Xo maZr Cgo nhMmZVr h¡
& Bg{bE dh OmH$a Cggo {_b bo & bhZm qgh AmíM`© _| n‹S> J`m& CgZo XadmOo na
nhþ±MH$a _ÏWm Q>oH$m & gy~oXmaZr Zo nyN>m _wPo nhMZm?'' bhZm qgh Ho$ Zhr§ H$hZo na dh
BVZm hr ~mobr {H - ""Voar Hw$S>_B© hmo JB© & YV² H$b hmo JB© --- XoIVo Zht aoe_r ~yQ>m|
dmbm gmby, A_¥Vga _| &'' gy~mo XmaZr Zo `h ^r H$hm {H$ _¢Zo Voao H$mo AmVo hr nhMZm
{b`m Wm & EH$ H$m_ H$hVr h±,ÿ _oao Vmo ^mJ \y$Q> Jò & gaH$ma Zo ~hmXþar H$m {IVm~ {X`m
h¡, EH$ ~oQ>m h¡, Omo EH$ df© nyd© \$m¡O _| ^Vu hþAm h¡ CgHo$ nrN>o Mma ~ÀMo§ Am¡a hþE na
EH$ ^r Zht {O`m & n{V Am¡a ~oQ>m ~moYm qgh XmoZm| `wÕ Ho$ {bE Om aho h¢ & EH$ {XZ Vw_Zo
_wPo Vm±Jo Ho$ ZrMo AmVo-AmVo ~Mm`m Wm & Eogo hr _oao n{V Am¡a ~oQ>o ~moYm XmoZm| H$mo ~MmZm
> > & `h _oar {^jm h¡ , Vwåhmao AmJo _¢ Am±Mb ngmaVr h±ÿ & `wÕ Ho$ _¡XmZ _| bhZm qgh H$m
A§V VH$ `h à`ËZ ahm {H$ dh gy~Xo ma Am¡a ~moYm H$mo ~Mmò &
O_©Z \$m¡O A§J«oOm| na ^mar n‹S> ahr h¡ & ^maVr` g¡{ZH$ A§J«oOm| Ho$ g¡{ZH$ h¡ & I§XH$
_| nmZr âm h¡, ~ohX R>§S> h¡, bhZm qgh AnZo XmoZm| H§$~b ~moYm qgh H$mo Amo‹T> m XoVm h¡
Am¡a ñd`§ {gJar Ho$ nmg ~¡R>m ahVm h¡ & Om‹S>m Š`m h¡, _mZmo _m¡V & ~moYmqgh H$mo {\$a ^r
R>S§ > bJ ahr h¡ Bg{bE bhZm qgh AnZr Ogu Cgo nhZm XoVm h¡ & V^r gy~Xo ma hOmam
qgh H$mo H$moB© I§XH$ Ho$ ~mha go nwH$maVm h¡ Am¡a AmXoe XoVm h¡ {H$ Bgr g_` Ymdm H$aZm
hmoJm & _rb â H$s Xÿa na nya~ _| EH$ O_©Z ImB© h¡ & {Og_| nMmg go Á`mXm O_©Z Zht
h¡§ & Vw_ `hm± Bg AmX_r N>mS‹o > H$a dhm± OmH$a AmH«$_U H$am| & ~moYmqgh MbZo H$mo V¡`ma
hþAm na§Vw Cgo amoH$ {X`m J`m Am¡a gy~Xo ma Zo ~mH$s bmoJm| Ho$ gmW _mM© {H$`m & Cg AmZo
dmbo Am°{\$ga Zo bhZm qgh H$s Amoa hmW ~‹T>mH$a Cgo {gJaoQ> XoVo hþE H$hm {H$ ""Vw_ ^r
nrAmo, qgJS>r Ho$ COmbo _| bhZm qgh Zo gmh~ H$m Moham XoIm, CgH$m _mWm R>ZH$m Am¡a
dh g_P J`m {H$ `h CgHo$ gmh~ Zht h¡ & O_©Z Am°{\$ga h¡ &''
CgZo Cgo N>S‹o >Vo hþE nyN>m {H$ Š`m| gmh~, h_ qhXþñVmZ H$~ Om`|J?o Š`m|{H$ dhm±
{eH$ma Ho$ _Oo h¢ & CÝh| `mX hmoJm {H$ Jò df© ZH$br b‹S>mB© b‹S>Vo hþE h_ OJmYmar Ho$
{Obo _o§ {eH$ma H$aZo Jò Wo & dhr na ImZgm_m AãXþ„m _§{Xa _| Ob M‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE ah
J`m V^r gm_Zo go Zrb Jm` {ZH$br Am¡a AmnZo Cgo Jmobr _mar & Eogo A\$ga Ho$ gmW
{eH$ma IobZo _| _Om h¡ & Cg Jm` Ho$ qgJ Vmo Xmo-Xmo {\$Q> Ho$ hm|Jo & bhZm qgJ {gJaoQ>
nrZo Ho$ ~hmZo I§XH$ _| Kwgm Am¡a A§Xa dOram qgh go H$hm {H$ ""hmoe _| AmAmo H$`m_V
AmB© h¡ Am¡a bnQ>Z gmh~ H$s dXu nhZH$a AmB© h¡&'' bnQ>Z gmh~ `m Vmo _mao Jò h¢ `m

{\$a H¡$X hmo Jò h¢ & CZH$s dXu nhZH$a H$moB© O_©Z Am`m h¢ & Vw_ EH$ H$m_ H$amo bnQ>Z
gmh~ Ho$ n¡am| Ho$ {ZemZ XoIVo - XoIVo Xm¡‹S> OmAmo Am¡a I§XH$ H$s Amoa JB© hþB© goZm H$mo
AmJmh H$amo &''
dOram qgh Zo H$hm {H$- ""`hm± Vmo Vw_ AmR> hmo'' V~ bhZm qgh Zo H$hm- ""AmR>
Zht Xg bmI, EH$-EH$ AH$m{b`m {gŠI gdm bmI Ho$ ~am~a hmoVm h¡& Mbo OmAmo &''
bm¡Q>H$a bhZm qgh Zo XoIm {H$ dh ZH$br bnQ>Z gmh~ Oo~ go Jmobo {ZH$mbH$a I§XH$m|
H$s Xrdmam| na bJm ahm h¡ Am¡a EH$ Vma-gm ~m§Y ahm h¡ & V^r bhZm qgh Zo ~§XHÿ $
CR>mH$a gmh~ H$s H$mohZr na _mam & bhZm Zo VrZm| Jmobo {ZH$mbH$a I§XH$ Ho$ ~mha \|$Ho$
Am¡a gmh~ Ho$ Oo~m| H$s Vbmer br & VrZ - Mma {b\$m\o$ Am¡a EH$ S>màr {ZH$mbH$a
AnZr Oo~ _| aIr & gmh~ H$s _yN>m© hQ>r V~ bhZm qgh h±gH$a ~mobm ""Š`m| bnQ>Z gmh~
{_OmO H¡$gm h¡? AmO _¢Zo ~hþV-gr ~mV| grIr & `h> {H$ ""{gŠI {gJaoQ> nrVo h¢, `h
grIm {H$ OJmYmar Ho$ {Obo _| Zrb Jm`| hmoVr h¢ Am¡a CZHo$ Xmo \w$Q> Mma B§M Ho$ qgJ hmoVo
h¢ & `h grIm {H$ _wgb_mZ ImZgm_m, _y{V©`m| na Ob M‹T> mVo h¢ Am¡a bnQ>Z gmh~ ImoVo
na M‹T> Vo h¢&'' V^r bnQ>Z gmh~ Zo Oo~ go {nñVm¡b {ZH$mbr Am¡a Jmobr Mbm`r Am¡a Omo
bhZm qgh Ho$ Om±K _| bJr & bhZm qgh Zo ^r Xmo \$mà {H$E Am¡a gmh~ H$s H$nmb-
{H«$`m H$ar Xr&
I§XH$ _| go g^r Xm¡‹S>H$a AmE, bhZm qgh Zo BVZm hr H$hm {H$ -""Hw$N> Zht EH$
h‹S>H$m hþAm, Hw$Îmm Am`m Wm _ma {X`m &'' bhZm qgh Zo gm\$m \$‹mS>H$a Kmd Ho$ XmoZm|
Va\$ npQ²>Q>çm>>± H$gH$a ~m±Y br, V^r gÎma O_©Z g¡{ZH$m| Zo I§XH$ na AmH«$_U {H$`m &
CZHo$ nrN>o gmh~ Ho$ AmXoe na ~mha JE hþE ^maVr` g¡{ZH$ ^r bm¡Q> AmE Am¡a CÝhm|Zo
^r nrN>o go O_©Z g¡{ZH$m| na AmH«$_U {H$`m & Bg b‹S>mB© _| {VagR> O_©Z _mao JE &
{gŠIm| _o§ n§Ðh Ho$ àmU JE & gy~oXma Ho$ H§$Yo _| Ygr Jmobr Ama-nma {ZH$b JB© Wr &
bhZm qgh H$mo ^r ngbr _| EH$ Jmobr bJr & CgZo Km±d H$mo I§XH$ H$s {_Q²>Q>r go nya
{X`m & {H$gr H$mo I~a Zht hþB© {H$ bhZm H$m Xÿgam Kmd-^mar Kmd h§¡ &
S>m°ŠQ>a Am¡a E°å~wbÝg Am JB© & bhZm qgh Zo gy~oXma Am¡a CZHo$ nwÌ ~moYmqgh H$mo
Jm‹S>r _| M‹T>m {X`m Am¡a H$hm {H$ -""Cgo Hw$N> Zht hþAm h¡ na§Vw bhZm qgh H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a
gy~Xo ma OmZm Zht MmhVo Wo&'' V~ bhZm qgh Zo H$hm {H$ ""Vwåho§ ~moYm H$s H$g_ h¡ Am¡a
gy~oXmaZr H$s gm¢JY, Bg Jm‹S>r go Mbo OmAmo & _oao {bE Xÿgar Jm‹S>r Am OmEJr & gw{ZE
gy~Xo maZr hram H$mo {MÇ>r {bIm| Vmo _oam _ËWm Q>Ho $Zm {bI XoZm & O~ Ka OmAmo Vmo H$h
XoZm {H$ _wPgo CÝhm|Zo Omo H$hm Wm dh _¢Zo nyam H$a {X`m &'' gy~oXma Zo MbVo hþE bhZm
qgh H$m hmW nH$‹S>H$a H$hm {H$ - ""V¡Zo _oao Am¡a ~moYm Ho$ àmU ~MmE, nÌ {bIZm H¡$gm?
gmW hr Ka Mb|Jo AnZr gy~Xo maZr go Vw_ hr H$h XoZm CgZo Š`m H$hm Wm&'' Jm‹S>r Ho$ OmVo
hr bhZm boQ> J`m Am¡a CgZo dOram H$mo H$hm {H$ -""_wPo nmZr {nbm Xmo &''
dh _aUmgÞ h¡ & _¥Ë`w Ho$ Hw$N> g_` nhbo ñ_¥{V ~hþV gm\$ hmo OmVr h¡ & OÝ_ â

H$s KQ>ZmE± Am¡a àg§J EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ Mb{MÌ Ho$ ê$n _| gmH$ma hmoZo bJVo h¢ & gmao X¥¥í`m|
Ho$ a§J gm\$ hmoZo bJVo h¢ & g_` H$s Yw§X CZ go hQ> OmVr h¡ & bhZm qgh H$mo ñ_aU hmo
Am`m {H$ ~MnZ _| Cgo ~mOma _| EH$ AmR> df© H$s b‹S>H$s {_br Wr Am¡a dh Cgo {M‹T>mVm
Wm & {\$a XoIVo hr XoIVo df© Ho$ ~mX df© ~rVVo JE & bhZm qgh Z§. 77 amB\$ëg _|
O_tXma hmoH$a g¡{ZH$s H$V©ì` _o brZ hmo J`m & Cgo Cg AmR> dfu` H$Ý`m H$m Ü`mZ Z
ahm Omo A~ gy~Xo maZr h¡ & bhZm qgh Zo dOram qgh go {\$a nmZr _m±Jm & _aVo g_` Cgo
bJm {H$ CgH$m {ga dOram qgh H$s JmoX _| Zht AnZo ^mB© H$aVma qgh H$s JmoX _| h¡ &
dh Cggo H$hZo bJm ""-A~ Ho$ hm‹S> _| `h Am_ Iy~ \$boJm, MmMm-^VrOm `hr ~¡R>H$a
Am_ ImZm & {Og _hr>Zo CgH$m OÝ_ hþAm Wm Cgr _hrZo _¢Zo Bgo bJm`m Wm &'' Hw$N>
{XZm| ~mX bmoJm| Zo AI~mam| _| n‹T>m - \«$mÝg, Am¡a ~opÁb`_-A‹S>gR>dt gyMr-_¡XmZ _o§
Ymdm| go _am - Z§. 77 {gI amB\$ëg O_tXma bhZm qgh &
`h H$hmZr ào_ H$s loð>Vm Am¡a CgHo$ {bE {H$gr ~MnZ Ho$ ào_r Ho$ Ë`mJ Am¡a ~{bXmZ
H$mo ì`ŠV H$aVr h¡ & AmR> df© H$s ~m{bH$m Ho$ ~mb-gwb^ ào_ _| bhZm qgh Omo Hw$N> H$a
JwOaVm h¡, dh ~o{_gmb h¡ &
1.2.1 CgZo H$hm Wm Ho$ nmÌ Ed§ M[aÌ {MÌU
M§ÐYa e_m© Jwboar _| M[aÌ {MÌU H$s Anyd© j_Vm Wr & gyú_ aoImAm| Am¡a gab
{ddaUm| go M[aÌ H$m ~mø Am¡a Am§V[aH$ gm¢X`© ñnï> H$aZo _| Jwbao r ~‹S>o {gÕhñV Wo & CZH$s
H$hm{Z`m§o Ho$ M[aÌ _mZdr` `WmW© _| nyU© Wo, CZ_| AmXe© ^r Wm & CZHo$ nmÌ ào_, Ë`mJ,
H$V©ì` O¡go gm_m{OH$, Z¡{VH$ Xm{`Ëdm| H$mo {Z^mZ| _| gj_ h¢ & CgZo H$hm Wm' H$m bhZm
qgh Am¡a gy~oXmaZr Eogo hr {d{eï> M[aÌ h¢ & ào_ Ho$ CËgJ© _| àmU-Ë`mJ H$aZo dmbm
bhZm qhXr H$hmZr gm{hË` H$m àoaUmXm`r A_a nmÌ ~Z J`m h¡ &
* bhZm qgh
"CgZo H$hm Wm H$hmZr _| à_wI nmÌ `m Zm`H$ bhZmqgh h¡ & {Ogo Jwbao rOr Zo
`WmW© Am¡a AmXe© Ho$ YamVb na Hw$N> Eogm J‹T> m h¡ {H$ dh qhXr H$hmZr gm{hË` H$m A_a
nmÌ ~Z J`m h¡ & {H$emoa bhZm EH$ ~m{bH$m Ho$ à{V AmH${f©V hmo OmVm h¡ & Bg AmH$f©U
_| ghOVm Am¡a _YwaVm h¡& bhZm qgh Ho$ ào_, H$V©ì`, draVm Am¡a MmVw`© H$m Câm ê$n
CgHo$ M[aÌ _| Ñ{ï>JV hmoVm h¡ & bhZm VJ‹S>m OdmZ-{gnmhr h¡ Omo {~«{Q>e goZm _| Z§. 77
{gŠg amB\$b _| O_mXma h¡ & g§nyU© H$hmZr CgHo$ B©X©-{JX© ~wZr h¡ & bhZm ~MnZ go hr
gmhgr h¡ Bg{bE Vm±Jo Ho$ ZrMo AmZodmbr EH$ b‹S>H$s H$mo ~MmVm h¡ & {OgH$mo dh Voar
Hw$‹S>_mB© hmo J`r'? O¡gm àíZ nyN>-nyN>H$a gVmVm h¡ & Bg b‹S>H$s Ho$ à{V CgHo$ _Z _|
H$mo_b ^mdZm CËnÞ hmoVr h¡ & àm¡‹T>mdñWm _| Bgr b‹S>H$s H$mo dh gy~oXmaZr Ho$ ê$n _|
XoIVm h¡& gy~Xo maZr àmW©Zm`wŠV H$éU ñda _| bhZm H$mo H$hVr h¡ - ""Vw_Zo Cg {XZ _oao àmU
~Mmò Wo & Amn KmoS‹ >o H$s bmVm| _| Mbo JE Wo Am¡a _wPo CR>mH$ma V»Vo na I‹S>m H$a {X`m
Wm & Eogo hr BZ XmoZm| H$mo ~MmZm, `hr _oar {^jm h¡ &'' gy~Xo maZr H$s Bg {^jm _| ào_ H$m
AmJ«h h¡ & gy~Xo maZr H$s ñdßZ ny{V© Ho$ {bE bhZm CgHo$ n{V Am¡a nwÌ H$s `wÕ _| ajm H$aVm
h¡ Am¡a ñd`§ H$m ~{bXmZ H$a XoVm h¡ &
\«$mÝg _| XbXb Am¡a R>S§ > _| O~ ~moYmqgh ~r_ma hmo OmVm h¡ V~ bhZm CgH$s S>çQw >r
XoVm h¡& AnZo XmoZm| H$å~b, ~amZH$moQ>, Oagr ~moYm H$mo XoH$a ñd`§ ImH$s H$moQ> Am¡a {OZ H$m
Hw$Vm© nhZH$a nhao na I‹S>m ahVm h¡ & O_©Zm| Ho$ gmW g§Kf© _| bhZm qgh ~war Vah O»_r hmo
OmVm h¡ na§Vw ~moYm H$mo nhbr IoV _| AñnVmb nhþM± mVm h¡ & Bgr àH$ma dh hOmam qgh H$s
ajm H$aVm hþAm ào_ Am¡a H$V©ì` H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡ &
bhZmqgh `wÕ H$bm _| Hw$eb h¡ & AmX_r H$mo naIZo H$s H$bm Cg_§o h¡ & {ZU©` j_Vm
h¡, Bgr H$maU dh AnZo eÌw-O_©Z boâQ>ZQ§² > H$s Mmb H$mo VwaV§ nhMmZ boVm h¡ Am¡a EH$-Xmo
àíZ Ho$ Ûmam CgHo$ Agbr ê$n H$mo OmZ boVm h¡ & bhZm gmhgr Am¡a dra h¡ & dh _mZVm h¡
{H$ EH$-EH$ AH$m{b`m {gŠI gdm bmI Ho$ ~am~a hmoVm h¡ & CgHo$ M[aÌ _| EH$ dra g¡{ZH$
H$s Ñ‹T>Vm h¡& Bgr{bE bhZm qgh Ho$ H$V©ì`àYmZ ào_ _o `WmW© H$m nwQ> {XImB© XoVm h¡ & dh
Z§. 77 amB\$ëg² _| O_mXma h¡ & \«$mÝg H$s ^y{_ na O_©Zm| go `wÕ H$aVm h¡ & `wÕ joÌ _| dh
H$hVm h¡ - ""EH$ Kmd hmo OmE Vmo Ja_r Am OmE'' Š`m|{H$ CgH$s _mÝ`Vm h¡ {H$ ""{~Zm \o$ao
KmoS‹ >m {~J‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a {~Zm b‹S>o {gnmhr' CgH$m `h H$WZ Cg_| {Z{hV draVm H$m AmË_Jm¡ad
hr h¡ &
bhZm qgh ^mdwH$ ì`pŠV h¡ & _¥Ë`w go nhbo H$s ñ_¥{V _| CgH$s ^mdwH$Vm H$m n[aM`
{_bVm h¡ & dh AnZo Ka go, ~ÀMm| go ß`ma H$aVm h¡ & dh \«$mÝg H$s ^y{_ na _am, na§Vw CgH$s
g§dXo ZmerbVm Am¡a ^mdwH$ H$ënZm Zo Cgo AnZo Ka nhþM± m {X`m ""MmMm ^VrOm XmoZm| `hr
~¡R>H$a Am_ ImZm'' dmŠ` go hr CgH$s ^mdwH$Vm ñnï> h¡ &
`WmW© H$s n[a{K H$mo Z H$mQ>Vo hþE bhZm qgh H$B© `wJm| VH$ àoaUm Ho$ ê$n _| qhXr
H$hmZr gm{hË` H$m A_a nmÌ ~Zm ahoJm &
gy~oXmaZr
M§ÐYa e_m© Jwbao r H$s H$hmZr "CgZo H$hm Wm' _| gy~Xo maZr na§namJV ^maVr` Zmar Ho$
ê$n _| C^mar h¡ & Omo AnZo n{V Am¡a nwÌ Ho$ àmU ajm Ho$ {bE AnZo ~MnZ Ho$ gmWr bhZm
go ^rI _m±JVr h¡ & A_¥Vga Ho$ H$mobmhb go âo ~mOma Mm¡H$ H$s XþH$mZ na EH$ AmR> dfr©`
{gŠI ~m{bH$m {gI b‹S>H$o go {_bVr h¡ & ~mah df© H$m bhZm qgh Cg b‹S>H$s go {dZmoX
_| nyN>Vm h¡ - ""Voao Hw$S‹ >_mB© hmo JB© ?'' b‹S>H$s ñdm^m{dH$ bÁOm go "YV²' H$hH$a ^mJ
OmVr h¡ & Bg àg§J go ñÌr-gwb^ bÁOm-^md Câ AmVm h¡ & ~m{bH$m Ho$ H$WZ _|
{dZmoX Ho$ gmW-gmW AmH$f©U ^r h¡ & EH$ {XZ dh b‹S>H$o Ho$ àíZ Ho$ CÎma _| H$hVr h¡ -
""hm±, hmo JB© ... H$b, XoIVo Zht aoe_ Ho$ ~yQ>mdo mbm gmby &''
EH$ M§Mb ~m{bH$m Ho$ ê$n _| gy~Xo maZr gm_Zo AmVr h¡ & àm¡T>mdñWm _| EH$ AÀN>r
nËZr Ho$ én _|, __Vm_`r _m± Ho$ ê$n _| n{V Am¡a nwÌ H$s àmUajm Ho$ {bE bhZm qgh Ho$
gm_Zo CZHo$ àmUm| H$s ^rI _m§JVr h¡ Am¡a ~MnZ dmbo àg§J H$s `mX {XbmVr h¡ {H$ - ""_¢Zo
Vmo Voao H$mo AmVo hr nhMmZ {b`m & EH$ H$m_ H$hVr hÿ,± _oao Vmo ^mJ \y$Q> JE & gaH$ma Zo
~hmXþa H$m {IVm~ {X`m h¡ & bm`bnwa _| O_rZ Xr h¡, AmO Z_H$ hbmbr H$m _m¡H$m Am`m
h¡ na gaH$ma Zo h_ Vr{_`m| H$s K±K[a`m nbQ>Z Š`m| Z ~Zm Xr, Omo _¢ ^r gy~Xo ma Or Ho$
gmW Mbr OmVr? EH$ ~oQ>m h¡ & \$m¡O _| ^Vr© hþE Cgo EH$ hr df© hþAm & CgHo$ nrN>o Mma
hþE na EH$ ^r Z Or`m &'' dh amoVo hþE H$hVr ahr -
""A~ XmoZm| OmVo h¢ & _oao ^mJ & Vwåh| `mX h¡, EH$ {XZ Vm§Jdo mbo H$m KmoS‹ > m Xhr dmbo
H$s XþH$mZ Ho$ nmg {~J‹S> J`m Wm & Vw_Zo Cg {XZ _oao àmU ~±MmE Wo & Amn KmoS>m| H$s bmVm|
_| Mbo JE Wo Am¡a _wPo CR>mH$a XþH$mZ Ho$ VŠIo na I‹S> m H$a {X`m Wm & Eogo hr BZ XmoZm|
H$mo ~MmZm & `h _oar {^jm h¡ & Vwåhmao AmJo _¢ Am±Mb ngmaVr h±y &'' AmI| nmoN>Vr hþB©
gy~Xo maZr Amo~ar _| Mbr JB© &
EH$ dmËgë`_`r _mVm Ed§ n{VnamÙ nËZr Ho$ ê$n _| gy~Xo maZr gm_Zo AmVr h¡ &
H$hmZr _| BgHo$ Abmdm dOram qgh gy~Xo ma, ~moYr qgh, bnQ>>Zgmho~, Am¡a hOmam
qgh Am{X nmÌm| H$m àg§JmZwgma Cn`moJ {H$`m J`m h¡ & ^bo hr AÝ` nmÌ Jm¡U ê$n _| AmE
h¢ {H$§Vw H$Wm Ho$ {dH$mg _| g^r ghm`H$ ~Zo h¢ &
1.2.2 "CgZo H$hm Wm' _| H$WmonH$WZ
g§dmX `m H$WmonH$WZ go H$hmZr _o gOrdVm `m ZmQ>{H$`Vm H$m g_mdoe hmoVm h¡ &
"CgZo H$hm Wm' H$hmZr Ho$ g§dmX, nmÌ Amoa n[adoe Ho$ AZwH$y b h¢ & CZ_§o gagVm, g§{jáVm,
M[aÌmoXK² mQ>Z, H$WmZH$ àgmaU j_Vm Ed§ amoMH$Vm h¡ & g§dmXm| _o§ {jàJ{V Am¡a ^mfm H$s
àmO§bVm Ñ{ï>JV hmoVr h¡ & gw_Ywa hmñ`, ghO {dZmoX, _m{_©H$ ì`§½` Jwbao rOr Ho$ g§dmXm|
H$s AnZr {deofVm h¡ & nmÌm| H$s gOrdVm Am¡a ñdm^m{dH$Vm H$m Xm{`Ëd Jwbao rOr H$s g§dmX
H$bm na hr h¡ & A{YH$m§e g§dmX g§{já Am¡a gm{^àm{`H$ h¡ & bhZ qgh Ho$ b‹S>H$s Ho$ gmW
g§dmX H$m¡Vhw b nyU© h¢ & aUjoÌ Ho$ g§dmX n[apñW{V H$s AdYmaUm H$aVo h¢ & "CgZo H$hm Wm'
Ho$ A{YH$m§e g§dmX _yb g§dXo Zm H$mo àojUr` ~ZmZ| _o ghm`H$ {gÕ hþE h¢ O¡go -
"Voao Ka H$hm± h¡?'
"ZJao _| - Am¡a Voa?o '
"_m°P
§ o _|'- "`hm± H$hm± ahVr h¡?'.....
""AVaqgh' H$s ~¡R>H$ _|, do _oao _m_m hmoVo h¡ &''
""_¢ ^r _m_m Ho$ `hm± Am`m h±ÿ & CZH$m Ka Jwê$ ~Oma _| h¡ &''
XþH$mZXma Zo BZ XmoZm| H$m gm¡Xm {Z~Q>m`m & XmoZm| gmW-gmW Mbo & Hw$N> Xÿa OmH$a
b‹S>H$o Zo nyN>m - ""Voar Hw$S‹ >_mB© hmo JB© &'' Bg na b‹S>H$s Zo Am±Io§ MT>H$ma ""YV²'' H$h H$a
Xm¡S‹ > JB© &
_hrZo â XmoZm| Eogo hr ~mV| H$aVo aho & EH$ {XZ O~ b‹S>H$o Z| h±gr _| {M‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE
nyN>m Vmo dh ~mobr - ""hm±, hmo JB© &''

""H$~?''
""H$b, XoIVo Zht, `h aoe_ go H$T>m hþAm gmby &'' Am¡a dh ^mJ JB© &
gXu Ho$ {XZm| _| bhZm qgh, ~moYmqgh ImB© _| ~¡R>H$a nham XoVo g_` Ho$ g§dmXm| _|
bhZm H$s h_XXu, _XX H$aZo H$s ^mdZm ñnï> h¡ - R>S§ > go ~moYm qgh H$amhm &
""Š`m| ~moYm ^mB© Š`m h¡?''
""nmZr {nbm Xmo &''
""H$hmo H¡$go hmo &''
""H±$nH±$nr Ny>Q> ahr h¡ & .... Xm±V ~O aho h¡ &'' ~moYm Zo H$hm &
""AÀN>m, _oar Oagr nhbmo &''
""Am¡a Vw_ ?''
""_oao nmg {gJ‹S>r h¡ _wPo Ja_r bJVr h¡, ngrZm Am ahm h¡ &''
""Zm, _¢ Zht nhZVm Mma {XZ go Vw_ _oao {bE ...''
""hm± `mX AmB© & _oao nmg Xÿgar Ja_ Oagr h¡ & AmO g~oao hr AmB© h¡ & {dbm`V _|
_o_| ~wZ- ~wZH$a ôO ahr h¢ & Jwê$ CZH$m ^bm H$a| &''
{gJ‹S>r Ho$ COmbo _| bhZm Zo gmh~ H$m Moham XoIm & CgH$m _mWm R>ZH$m & bnQ>Z
gmh~ H$mo dh Om±MZm MmhVm h¡ & bhZm qgh H$hVm h¡ - ""Š`m| gmh~, h_ bmoJ qhXþñVmZ
H$~ OmE§Jo &''
"b‹S>mB© IË_ hmoZo na! Š`m|, Š`m|, `h Xoe ng§V Zhr?' dOramqgh go Q>H$amVo hþEo
bhZm Z H$hm - ""hmoe _| AmAmo! H$`m_V AmB© Am¡a bnQ>Z gmh~ H$s dXu nhZH$a AmB©
h¡? '' ""Š`m?''
em`X `h O_©Z h¡ qH$Vw CXÿ© _| ~mV H$a ahm h¡ & bhZm Zo VrZ Jmobo I§XH$ Ho$ ~mha
\|$Ho$ & gmho~ Ho$ Oo~ go {nñVm¡b Mbm, bhZm H$s Om§K _o Jmobr bJr, gy~ao Xma Ho$ H§$Yo _|
go Jmobr AmB©-nma {ZH$b JB©& gy~Xo ma Zo bhZm H$mo nÅ>r ~m§Yr & Cgo N>mS‹o >H$a dh Zht OmVm,
H$hVm h¡ - ""Vwåh| ~moYm H$s H$g_ h¡ Am¡a gy~Xo maZr H$s gm¡JY§ h¡ Bg Jm‹S>r _| Mbo OmAmo
&'' ""Zht O_©Z _wXm] Ho$ {bE Jm{S>`m± AmVr hm|Jr, _oao nmg dOramqgh h¡ & gy~Xo maZr hram±
H$mo {MÇ>r {bImo Vmo _oam _ËWm Q>Ho $Zm'' Am¡a O~ Ka OmAmo Vmo H$h XoZm {H$ _wPgo Omo CÝhm|Zo
H$hm Wm, dh _¢Zo H$a {X`m &''
~moYm Zo H$hm - ""V¡Zo _oao Am¡a ~moYm Ho$ àmU ~MmE± h¡ & {bIZm H¡$gm ? gmW hr Ka
Mb|Jo & AnZr gy~Xo maZr go Vw_ hr H$h XoZm CgZo Š`m H$hm Wm ?''
bhZm Zo ~moYmqgh Ho$ Jm‹S>r na M‹T> OmZo Ho$ {bE H$hm Am¡a ñd`§ boQ> J`m & ""dOram
nmZr {nbm Xo Am¡a _oam H$_a~§X Imob Xo & Va hmo ahm &'' CgHo$ Kmd go IyZ ~h ahm Wm &
OrdZ â H$s gmar KQ>ZmE± Ñí` CgH$s Am±Imo§ Ho$ gm_Z ñ_¥{V Ho$ ê$n _| CâZo bJo ""Voar

Hw$S‹ >_mB© hmo JB© &'' ""YV²'' dmbm àg§J `mX Am`m & ñdßZ Mb ahm Wm & gy~Xo maZr H$h
ahr Wr ""CgHo$ EH$ ~oQ>m h¡ Omo EH$ gmb nhbo hr \$m¡O _| ^Vu hþAm h¡ & CgHo$ ~mX Mma
hþE na EH$ ^r Zht Or`m, A~ XmoZm| OmVo h¢ & _oao ^mJ! Vwåh| `mX h¡ ... Vw_Zo _oao àmU ~Mmò
Wo & Amn KmoS>m| H$s bmVm| _| Mbo JE Wo Am¡a _wPo CR>mH$a XþH$mZ H$o V»Vo na I‹S>m H$a {X`m
Wm & Eogo hr BZ XmoZm| H$mo ~MmZm & `h _oar {^jm h¡ & Vwåhmao AmJo Am±Mb ngmaVr h±ÿ &''
bhZm Zo _yN>m© IË_ hmoVo hr H$hm - ""dOram, nmZr {nbm Xo ! ~g &'' Hw$N> {XZm| ~mX
AI~mam| _| n‹T>m - \«$mÝg Am¡a ~ob{O`_- _¡XmZ _| Kmdm| go _am {gŠI amB\$ëg O_mXma
bhZmqgh &
H$hmZr Ho$ g§dmX, g§{já, __©ñneu, à^mdmoËnmXH$ h¢ & BZgo nmÌm| Ho$ ñd^md,
_Z…pñW{V H$m nVm MbVm h¡ Am¡a H$Wm {dH$mg _| ghm`H$ ~Zo h¢ &
1.2.3 H$hmZr H$m dmVmdaU
Xoe-H$b Am¡a pñW{VAm| H$s OmZH$mar go hr ñdm^m{dH$ `WmW© dmVmdaU H$s
{Z{_©{V hmoVr h¡ & Jwbao rOr Zo "CgZo H$hm Wm' H$hmZr Ho$ Ûmam A_¥Vga Ho$ ~mOma H$m
hÿ~hÿ~ dU©Z {H$`m h¡ &
A_¥Vga Ho$ ~å~y H$mQ>d© mbo Mm¡H$ H$s g‹S>H$mo na BŠHo$ Jm‹S>r dmbm| H$s ~mobr, KmoS‹ >m| H$s
nrR> H$moS>m§o Ho$ H$maU {N>b JB© h¡ & Mm~wH$ go KmoS‹ >m| H$s nrR> na H$moS‹ >o O_mVo hþE KmoS‹ >o H$s ZmZr
go AnZo g§~Y§ {ñWa H$aVo h¢ & n¡Xb MbZo dmbm| na Vag ImVo hþE - ""~Mmo Imbgm Or,
hQ>mo _mB© Or, R>haZm ^mB©, AmZo Xmo bmbm Or, hQ>mo ~mN>m H$hVo hþE g\o$X \|$Q>m,| IÀMam| Am¡a
~VH$m|, JÞo, Imo_Mo Am¡a ^mao dmbm| Ho$ O§Jb _| ahm boVo h¢ Š`m _Omb {H$ "Or' Am¡a
"gmho~' {~Zm gwZo {H$gr H$mo hQ>Zm n‹S>o &'' AJa H$moB© ~w{T>`m hQ>Vr Zht Vmo Cgo ~ma-~ma
MoVmdZr XoVo hþE H$hVo h¢ - ""hQ> Om OrUo Omo{Jò, hQ> Om H$a_m dm{bE, hQ> Om nwÎmm§
ß`m[aE, hQ> Om bå~r C_a dm{bE & AWm©V² Vy OrZo `mo½` h¡, Vy ^m½`m|dmbr h¡, nwÌm| H$mo ß`mar
h¡, bå~r A_admbr h¡, Vy Š`m _oa| n{hAmo§ Ho$ ZrMo AmZm MmhVr h¡ &'' Vm§Jdo mbm| H$m ~Vm©d
Am¡a ~mOma H$s Mhb-nhb H$m `h dU©Z h¡ &
`wÕ ^y{_ H$m dU©Z H$ënmZmVrV h¡ & ~moYmqgh Am¡a bhZmqgh I§XH$ _| nham Xo aho Wo
& ZH$br bnQ>Z gmh~ H$mo bhZm Zo nhMmZ {b`m Am¡a gmh~ na CëQ>r ~§XHÿ $ O_m Xr & CgH$s
hmWm| go {X`m gbmB© {Ja n‹S>r & bhZm Zo CgH$s Oo~ go VrZ Jmobo {ZH$mbH$a I§XH$ Ho$ ~mha
\|$H$ {XE & Oo~m| H$s Vbmer br & VrZ-Mma {b\$m\o$ Am¡a EH$ S>màr {ZH$mb H$a aI br &
gmh~ Ho$ {nñVm¡b H$s Jmobr bhmZm H$mo bJr &
BVZo _| gÎma O_©Z {M„mH$a ImB© _| Kwg n‹S>o & {gŠIm| H$s ~§XHÿ $m| H$s ~m‹T> Zo nhbo
Ymdo H$mo amoH$m na `hm± do AmR> Am¡a do gÎma AnZo _wXmª ^mB`m| Ho$ eara na M‹T>H$a O_©Z AmJo
Kwgo &
AMmZH$ AmdmO Am`r ""dmh Jwê$Or Xr \$Vh &'' Am¡a Y‹S>m-Y‹S> ~§XHÿ $m| H$s \$m`[a¨J
O_©Zm| H$s nrR> na n‹S>Zo bJo & nrN>o go gy~Xo ma hOmam qgh Ho$ OdmZ AmJ ~agmVo Wo Am¡a gm_Zo
bhZm Ho$ gm{W`m| Ho$ g§JrZ Mb ah Wo & gy~Xo ma Ho$ H§$Yo _| Am¡a bhZm H$s ngbr _| Jmobr bJr
- `h Xÿgam Kmd ^mar Wm &
b‹S>mB© Ho$ g_` Mm§X {ZH$b Am`m & Eogo Mm§X Ho$ àH$me go g§ñH¥$V Ho$ H${d`m| H$m {X`m
hþAm "j`r' Zm_ gmW©H$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a hdm Eogr Mb ahr Wr O¡go {H$ ~mU^Q²>Q> H$s ^mfm _|
""XÝVdrUmonXoemMm`©'' H$hbmVr & dOramqgh H$h ahm Wm {H$ H¡$go _Z-_Z â \«$m§g H$s
^y{_ _oao ~yQ>m| go {MnH$ ahr Wr, O~ _¢ Xm¡S‹ >m-Xm¡S‹ >m gy~Xo ma Ho$ nrN>o J`m Wm &
b‹S>mB© H$s AmdmO VrZ _rb Xm{hZr Amoa H$s ImB© dmbm| Zo gwZ br Wr & CÝhm|Zo o nrN>o
Q>b
o r\$moZ H$a {X`m Wm & dhm± PQ>nQ> g|o Jm{‹S>`m± Am¡a S>mŠQ>a S>o‹T> K§Q>o Ho$ A§Xa Am nhþ±Mo
& \$sëS> AñnVmb ZOXrH$ Wm & gw~h hmoVo hr nhþM ± Om`|J,o Bg{bE _m_ybr nQ²>Q>r
~m§YH$a EH$ Jm‹S>r _| Km`bm| H$mo Vmo Xygar Jm‹S> r _| bme| aIr JB© & ~moYmqgh Áda _| ~am©
ahm Wm & CgZo bhZm H$mo ^r Jm‹S>r _| AmZo H$m AmJ«h {H$`m & Š`m|{H$ CgHo$ Am¡a CgHo$
~oQ>o H$s OmZ bhZm Zo ~MmB© Wr &
Bg àH$ma \«$mÝg H$s `wÕ ^y{_ na hmo ahr b‹S>mB© H$m OrVm OmJVm dU©Z boIH$ H$s
gyú_ Ñ{ï> H$m n[aMm`H$ h¡ & {gŠI gä`Vm Am¡a ^mfme¡br H$m AZoH$ ñWmZm| na à`moJ
H$aHo$ H$hmZr H$m dmVmdaU `WmW© Ed§ ñdm^m{dH$ ~Z J`m h¡ & àmH¥${VH$ Ñí`m| Ho$ gmW hr
_mZdr` ^mdZmAm|-g§dXo ZmAm| H$s gyú_ A{^ì`pŠV Ho$ H$maU KQ>ZmE± gmjmV² Am±Im| Ho$
gm_Zo I‹S>r hmo OmVr h¢ & g§dmX-H$WZm{X _| H$hmZrH$ma H$s boIZr O~X©ñV ahr h¡ &
1.2.4 H$hmZr H$s ^mfme¡br
""CgZo H$hm Wm'' H$s ^mfm _| AmoOd àgmX JwUm| Ho$ gmW-gmW gabVm, ì`§OH$Vm,
gagVm, gw~moYVm, ghOVm Ed§ àdmhË_H$Vm Ñ{ï>JV hmoVr h¡ & ^mfm H$s Ñ{ï> go Jwbao rOr
H$m A{Û{V` ñWmZ qhXr H$hmZr gm{hË` _| ñdrH$ma {H$`m OmVm h¡ & Jwbao rOr H$B© ^mfmAm|
Ho$ kmVm, ^mfm {dkmZ Ho$ {dÛmZ, Am¡a g§ñH¥$V Ho$ àH$m§S> npÊS>V Wo & CÝhm|Zo "CgZo H$hm Wm'
H$hmZr _| nmÌm| Ho$ AZwH$y b ^mfm H$s g¥{ï> H$s h¡ & CZH$s ^mfm _| gabVm h¡, nmÌm| Ed§ pñW{V`m|
H$m gmjmËH$ma H$aZo H$s j_Vm h¡&
A_¥Vga Ho$ dU©Z _| \«$mÝg H$s `wÕ^y{_ _| ^mfm {MÌmË_H$ ~Z n‹S>r h¡ & CX©,y qhXr,
g§ñH¥$V Ho$ A{V[aŠV ñWmZr` eãX ^r àMwa _mÌm _| à`wŠV hþE h¢ O¡go - ~Mmo ImbgmOr,
hR>mo ~mXemh, Am{X eãXm| H$m à`moJ, Bgr àH$ma hR> Om Or{V Omo{JE, hR> Om H$_m©dm{b`mo,
hR>> Om nwÎmmß`m[aò, hR> Om b§~r C_adm{bE§, O¡go n§Om~r eãX Ho$ à`moJ go ^mfm OmZXmar
~Zr h¡ & "Hw$S‹ >_B©', "_ËWm Q>Ho $Zm', "h{È>`m| _| Om‹S>m Y±g J`m' Am{X ^mfm à`moJ go H$hmZr
H$m dmVmdaU ñdm^m{dH$ ~Zm h¡ & H$hmZr H$s ^mfm _| ì`§JmË_H$ Ed§ hmñ` H$m nwQ> ^r
{XImB© XoVm h¢ & "CgZo H$hm Wm' H$s ^mfm H$m ñdén gd© OZgwb^ Ed§ gd©Jm« ø h¡ &
eãXmdbr _| qhXr Am¡a CXÿ© Am±M{bH$Vm H$m à^md ^r h¡ & Amdí`H$VmZwgma A§JOo« r, VWm
VËg_, VX²^d eãXmo§ Ho$ à`moJ go ^mfm _| {ZIma ^r Am`m h¡ & g_J«V… "CgZo H$hm Wm'
H$s ^mfm _| ^md ì`§OZm Am¡a bmj{UH$Vm H$m gwX§ a g_Ýd` n[ab{jV hmoVm h¡ &
H$hmZr Ho$ {eën {dYmZ H$s Ñ{ï> go Jwbao r H$mo ZyVZVm H$m "OZH$' H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡
& "CgZo H$hm Wm' H$s e¡br _| ^mfm àdmh Ed§ ì`§OH$Vm Ho$ gmW hmñ` {dZmoX Vmo h¡ gmW
hr Cg_o A{dbjU AX²^Vw {eën-{dYmZ ^r h¡, Omo Jwbao r H$s {gÕhñV j_Vm H$m
CX²KmQ>Z H$aVm h¡ & e¡br H$s Ñ{ï> go CZH$s `h Vrgar H$hmZr nyU© {dH${gV _mZr Om gH$Vr
h¡ & CZH$s g_J« e¡br _| gagVm h¡, amoMH$Vm h¡ & "CgZo H$hm Wm' H$m {eën {dYmZ BVZr
CËH¥$ï> H$mo{Q> H$m ~Z n‹S>m h¡ {H$ `h H$hmZr ~hþV AmJo VH$ qhXr H$s loð>V_ H$hm{Z`m| _|
AnZm H$mbO`r ñWmZ {gÕ H$aVr ahoJr &
1.2.5 "CgZo H$hm Wm' H$m CÔoí`
MÝÐYa e_m© Jwbao r H$s H$hmZr "CgZo H$hm Wm' bú`naH$ H$hmZr h¡ & OrdZ Ho$ Z¡{VH$
_mZX§S>m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ào_ H$s CXmÎm A{^ì`§OZm na ~b XoZm, AmXe© ào_ Am¡a H$V©ì` H$mo
gm_m{OH$ YamVb na à{V{ð>V H$aZm "CgZo H$hm Wm' H$m _yb CÔoí` h¡ & H$hmZr _|
A{^ì`ŠV ào_ _| Z¡{VH$Vm h¡ ? {OgH$s nmdZVm, CÀMVm ñd`§ {gÕ h¡ Š`m§{o H$ g§nUy ©
H$hmZr {dewÕ {ZñdmW© ào_ na AmYm[aV h¡ & `hm± ào_ H$s ñdrH$mamopŠV _m¡Z _| h¡ Omo 25
df© ~mX _wIa hþAm h¡ Omo à{V {XZ Zht MmhVm &
Jwbao rOr Zo bhZm qgh Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ào_ Am¡a H$V©ì` H$s CÀM ^y{_ na AmXe© H$s
à{Vð>m H$s h¡ & Cg_| g_mO, ì`pŠV, d dJ© VrZm| H$m gpå_{bV ê$n h¡ & H$V©ì` H$s doXr
na n«mUmoËgJ© H$aZo dmbo Am¡a AnZo ào_ H$mo M‹T>m XoZo dmbo bmoJ {dabo hmoVo h¢ & A{YH$m§e
bmoJ ào_ H$mo A{YH$ma de H$aZo Ho$ AmJ«hr hmoVo h¢ & Jwbao rOr H$m bhZm qgh ào_ H$mo nmZo
_| Zht, A{nVw ào_ H$mo ewÕ-n{dÌ g_PH$a H$V©ì` H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm hwAm {XImB© XoVm h¡&
AnZo àmUm| H$m CËgJ© H$aVo hþE CgZo AnZo ào_ H$mo CÁdb én àXmZ {H$`m h¡ & Jwbao r Zo
ào_ H$s CXmÎm AZw^{y V H$mo H$V©ì`ny{V© _| ~mYH$ Z _mZVo hþE ghm`H$ hr _mZm h¡ & Jwbao rOr
Zo bhZm qgh Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ào_ Am¡a H$V©ì` Ho$ à{V Ë`mJ H$s CXmÎm ^mdZm H$mo ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡ &

(H$) XrKm}Îmar àíZ
* A_¥Vga Ho$ ~mOma H$m dU©Z H$s{OE &
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* bhZmqgh Zo ZH$br bnQ>Z gmh~ H$mo H¡$go nhMmZm h¡?
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* "CgZo H$hm Wm' erf©H$ H$s gmW©H$Vm ñnï> H$s{OE &
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* bhZmqgh Zo AnZo ào_ H$s narjm {H$g àH$ma Xr?
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* bhZmqgh
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* H$hmZr H$m dmVmdaU
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* gy~Xo maZr
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* H$hmZr H$m CÔoí`
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(J) EH$-Xmo dmŠ`r` CÎmadmbo àíZ
* bhZmqgh Am¡a b‹S>H$s H$s _wbmH$mV H$hm± hþB?©
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* ""H$`m_V AmB© Am¡a bnQ>Z gmho~ H$s dXu nhZH$a AmB©'' - `h {H$gZo H$hm Wm?
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* gy~Xo maZr Zo ^rI _| Š`m _m§Jm ?
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* Voar Hw$S‹ >_B© hmo JB© ! ~ma-~ma nyN>Zo na b‹S>H$s Zo Š`m CÎma {X`m?
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* dOram, nmZr {nbm .... {H$gZo H$hm Wm?
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(K) g§X^© ñnï>H$aU -
* ""_oao nmg {gJ‹S>r h¡, _wPo Ja_r bJVr h¡, ngrZm Am ahm h¡ &''
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* ""hm± , `mX AmB© & _oao nmg Xÿgar Ja_ Oagr h¡ & AmO g~oao hr AmB© h¡& {dbm`V
_| _o_| ~wZ-~wZH$a ôO ahr h¡ ..... &''
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* ""H$b, XoIVo Zht, `h aoe_ go H$T>m hþAm gmby ?''
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* ""_¢Zo Vmo Voao H$mo AmVo hr nhMZm {b`m ..... &''
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1.4 gmam§e
M§ÐYa e_m© Jwbao r H$s "CgZo H$hm Wm' H$hmZr CXmÎm ^mdZmË_H$ g§~Y§ m| H$s H$Wm
h¡ & Omo _mZdr` _yë` Ho$ nwZ{Z©_mU H$s Amoa g§H$o V H$aVr h¡ & A_¥Vga Ho$ ~å~yH$mQ>© ~mOma
go ewé hmoVr `h H$hmZr bå~o AÝVamb Ho$ níMmV² grYo \«$mÝg H$s `wÕ^y{_ _| nhþM ± OmVr
h¡ & ào_ Am¡a Ë`mJ H$s {_gmb ñWm{nV H$aVr Bg H$hmZr _| AmR> df© H$s ~m{bH$m Ho$
~mb gwb^ ào_ _| EH$ ~mbH$ AnZr àm¡T‹ >mdñWm _| CgHo$ H$hZo na Š`m Hw$N> H$a OmVm
h¡ BgH$m öX`J«mhr dU©Z hþAm h¡ & bhZm CgHo$ H$hZo na (gy~Xo maZr) `wÕ _| _aUmgÞ
AdñWm _| ^r CgHo$ n{V Am¡a ~oQ>o H$s ajm H$aVm h¡ &
nm±M I§S>m| _| {d^ŠV `h H$hmZr ZmQ>H$s` ñVa na àñVwV hþB© h¡ & _mZdr` g§~Y§ m|
H$s Bg ghO H$Wm _| ghO OrdZ H$m {dH$mg hþAm h¡ & `wÕ joÌ _| gmhg, draVm Ed§
Ë`mJ H$m CËgJ© h¡, {ZñdmW© ^md go dMZ ~ÕVm H$m {Zdm©h ^r H$aVr h¡ &
H$hmZr _| à`wŠV bmoH$^mfm H$m à`moJ AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡ & âboe-~°H$ Ho$ ê$n _|
EH$ {demb dmVmdaU Ho$ H¡$Zdmg na Jwbao r H$s gYr VwbrH$m go H$Wm ghOVm go gmH$ma
hþB© h¡ &
A_¥Vga Ho$ ~mOma H$s Xm¡S> Yyn H$m hþ-~-hÿ dU©Z, bmoJm| H$s Amngr ~mVMrV,
CgHo$ _mÜ`_ go CZH$m AmË_r`VmnyU© ì`dhma AË`§V amoMH$, gab, ghO e¡br _| gmH$ma
hþAm h¢& Jwbao r Zo Z¡{VH$ _mZXÊS>m| Ho$ ghmao ào_ H$s A{^ì`§OZm na ~b {X`m h¡ & Ho$db
H$moam CnXoe XoZm H$hmZr H$m CÔoí` Zht h¡ & daZ² ì`mnH$ CÔoí` H$mo àñVwV H$aVr CZH$s
H$hmZr _mZd OrdZ H$m VWm _mZdr ñd^md H$m ~hþV {ZH$Q>Vm go n[aM` H$amVr h¡, Am¡a
_mZd OrdZ Ho$ CËgJ© H$mo {M{ÌV H$aVr h¡ & Jwbao rOr Zo ào_ ~{bXmZ Am¡a H$V©ì` H$s
_hÎmm H$mo H$hmZr _| A{^ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡ & g§nU y © H$hmZr AnZr _m{_©H$ g§dXo Zm Ho$ H$maU
A{ÛVr` ~Zr h¡ & qhXr H$hmZr Ho$ CÁdb ^{dî` H$m n[aM` XoVr h¡ &
1.5 eãXmW©
Hw$S‹ >_B© - gJmB©
bm_ - ewÕ
gmby - H$s_Vr gm‹S>r
ObObm - ^yH$§ n, ^yMmb
_m±X n‹S>Zm - {~_ma hmoZm
H$`m_V - àb`
I§XH$ - goZmÛmam {N>nZo Ho$ {bE O_rZ _| ImoXr JB© ImB©
_ËWm Q>Ho $Zm - àUm_, Z_ñH$ma H$aZm
Amo~am - hdm, amoeZr H$m ^r amñVm Z hmo Eogr H$moR>ar
gmoVm - ZXr, PaZo H$m CJ_ ñWmZ
* ""CgZo H$hm Wm'' H$hmZr H$m _yë`m§H$Z H$s{OE &
* ào_ Am¡a H$V©ì` H$m nmbZ H$aZo dmbo bhZmqgh H$s {deofVmE± {b[IE &
* àgmX H$s "nwañH$ma' H$hmZr Ho$ gmW "CgZo H$hm Wm' H$s VwbZm H$s{OE &
* {H$gr g¡{ZH$ H$m gmjmËH$ma br{OE &
1.7 A{VapŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVHo$§ -
* à{V{Z{Y H$hm{Z`m± - g§nm. Eg.EZ.S>r.Q>r. dw_Ýo g `y{Zd©{gQ>r, _w~§ B©, O`^maVr àH$me Bbmhm~mX
* _mZgamoda ^mJ - 1, 2 - ào_M§X
* ào_M§X H$s hmñ` H$hm{Z`m± - ào_M§X - ^maVr` J«W§ {ZHo$VZ, {X„r
* _oar ào_ H$hm{Z`m± - amO|Ð `mXd, {b{n àH$m. {X„r

BH$mB© - 2
JwÊS>m
Oè§H$a àgmX
AZwH$« _
2.0 CÔoí`
2.1 àñVmdZm
2.2 {df` - {ddaU
H$hmZr - JwÊS>m
2.2.1 "JwÊS>m' … Ho$ nmÌ
2.2.2 "JwÊS>m' H$m dmVmdaU
2.2.3 "JwÊS>m' H$WmonH$WZ
2.2.4 "JwÊS>m' … CÔoí`
2.4 gmam§e
2.5 eãXmW©
2.0 CÔoí`
* H$hmZr Ho$ Ûmam H$mer Ho$ dmVmdaU H$mo g_P gH|$Jo &
* ^maVr` [a`mgVm| na A§JO o« m| Ho$ {Z`§ÌU Ho$ n[aUm_m| H$mo g_P gH|$Jo &
* "JwÊS>m' H$s _mZdr` g§dXo ZmAm| go n[a{MV hm|Jo &
2.1 àñVmdZm
Oè§H$a àgmX H$m OÝ_ gZ² 1890 _| dmamUgr-H$mer _| hþAm & CZH$s {ejm
Cgr ñWmZ na hþB© & ^maVr` B{Vhmg Xe©Z Ed§ g§ñH¥${V Ho$ à{V CZH$m A{YH$ bJmd Wm
& do H$hmZrH$ma Wo, qH$Vw Cggo nhbo do EH$ H${d Wo&
CZH$s H$hm{Z`m| _| ^mdwH$Vm H$ënZm, H$mì`mË_H$Vm Ho$ Xe©Z hmoVo h¢ & CÝhm|Zo
AnZr H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ Ûmam ^maVr` g§ñH¥${V Ho$ CXmÎm _yë`, B{Vhmg Ho$ ñd{U©_ àg§Jm| H$mo

~‹S>r ñdm^m{dH$Vm go àñVwV {H$`m h¢ & Xoeào_, AmË_Jm¡ad, H$V©ì`namÙVm H$s BZ_|
A{^ì`pŠV H$s h¡ gmW hr H$hm{Z`m| _| gm_m{OH$ VÏ`, amOZr{VH$, Am{W©H$ `WmW© H$mo
H|$Ð _| aIH$a _mZdr` g§dXo ZmAm| Am¡a ghmZw^{y V {Z_m©U H$aZo H$m à`mg {H$`m h¡ & CZHo$
AZoH$ nmÌm| _| _mZ{gH$ Û§Û Ed§ g§Kf© {XImB© XoVm h¡ & n[aUm_V… _Zmodk¡ m{ZH$ {díbofU
Ho$ Ûmam AZoH$ nmÌ AnZo-AnZo H$V©ì`-nmbZ _| g\$b aho h¢ &
CZHo$ H$hmZr g§Jh« h¢ - à{VÜd{Z, AmH$meXrn, Am§Yr Am¢a B§ÐOmb Am{X &
AmH$me Xrn, nwañH$ma, JwÊS>m CZH$s à{gÕ H$hm{Z`m± ahr h¢ &
àñVwV "JwÊS>m' H$hmZr ZÝhHy$qgh H$s draVm, CXmaVm Ë`mJ-~{bXmZ O¡go _mZdr`
_yë`m| H$mo A§{H$V H$aVr h¡ & JwÊS>m JXu go AmV§H$, XheV ~ZmE± aIZo dmbm ^r EH$ _Zwî`
hr h¡ & AÝ`m`, AË`mMma, nr{S>Vm| H$s dh ha nb _XX H$aVm h¡ & amO_mVm nÞm Am¡a
amOHw$_ma MoVqgh H$mo dh A§J«oOm| Ho$ M§Jwb go Nw>S>mH$a Xoe Ho$ {bE AnZr OmZ Omo{I_
_| S>mbVm h¡ & ^bo hr dh H$mer H$m "JwÊS>m' Š`m| Z hmo & àgmX Zo ZÝhHy$ Ho$ Ûmam Xoeào_,
Ë`mJ Am¡a ~{bXmZ O¡go _yë`m| H$mo àñWm{nV {H$`m h¡ &
2.2 {df` - {ddaU

H$hmZr - JwÊS>m
B©gm H$s AR>mahdt eVmãXr Ho$ A§{V_ ^mJ _| H$mer Ho$ dmVmdaU _| n[adV©Z hþAm
& Ohm± Ý`m` Am¡a ~w{ÕdmX ì`má Wm dhm± eñÌ~b à_wI hmo CR>m & draVm H$mo _hÎd àmá
hþAm & AnZr ~mV na _a {_Q>Zm, qghd¥{Îm go Or{dH$m J«hU H$aZm, àmU H$s ^rI _m±JZo
dmbo H$màm| H$mo VWm MmoQ> ImE à{VÛ§Ûr na eñÌ Z CR>mZm, gVmE hþE {Z~©bm| H$s ghm`Vm
H$aZm, àmUm| H$mo hWobr na boH$a Yy_Zm {OZH$m ~mZm Wm, CÝh| bmoJ H$mer _| "JwÊS>m'
H$hVo Wo & ZÝhHy$qgh Bgr àH$ma JwÊS>m hmo J`m Wm & `Ú{n dh à{V{ð>V O_r§Xma H$m nwÌ
Wm, na§Vw {H$gr _mZ{gH$ MmoQ> go Km`b hmoH$a AnZr g§n{Îm byQ>m Xr Wr & dh àm`…
~Zmag Ho$ ~mha H$s h[a`mbr _| Yy_Vm ahVm Wm & J§Jm H$s Yma _| _MbVr S>mJ| r na dh
{XImB© nS>Vm Wm & OwAm± ImZo go {ZH$bH$a O~ dh Mm¡H$ _| AmVm Wm V~ H$mer H$s
doí`mE§ _wñHw$amH$a CgH$m ñdmJV H$aVr Am¡a CgHo$ gwÑT‹ > eara H$mo bbMm`r ZOam| go
XoIVr Wr & dh V_mobr H$s XþH$mZ na ~¡R>H$a CZHo$ JrV gwZVm na H$^r doí`m Ho$ `hm± Zht
OmVm Wm & OwE± _| OrVo hþE ê$nE doí`mAm| _| ~m±Q> XoVm Wm &
EH$ {XZ OwE± ImZo _| H$m¡{S‹ >Am| Zo CgH$m gmW Zht {X`m, CgH$m EH$ {gÕmÝV Wm
dh {H$gr go CYma boH$a H$^r OwAm± Zht IobVm Wm & CgHo$ nmg nm±M énE Wo & EH$ én`m
CgZo nmZ Ho$ {bE V_mobr H$mo {X`m Am¡a Mma Ho$ Xmo-Xmo _byH$s H$ËWH$ H$mo, Am¡a H$hm {H$
Xþbmar go H$ho {H$ dh "{db_r {dXog aho' JrV gwZmE & V^r gm_Zo go ~mamV AmVr hþB©
{XImB© Xr & ZÝhHy$ H$mo nVm Mbm {H$ `h R>mHw$a ~moYr qgh Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ H$s ~mamV h¡ & ZÝhHy$
H$s ~moYr qgh go Xþí_Zr Wr AV… CgZo ~moYr qgh H$mo MwZm¡Vr Xr & CgZo ZÝhHy$ H$mo g§Xoe
ôOm {H$ ~mamV _| Xmo g_m{Y`m| H$mo OmZo H$s Š`m OéaV h¡ ? Am¡a ZÝhHy$ qgh ~mamV _|
Mbm J`m & ã`mh _| Omo Hw$N> bJm g~ Hw$N> IM© {H$`m & Xÿgao {XZ ñd`§ V_mobr H$s
XþH$mZ na AmH$ma ê$H$ J`m Am¡a ~mamV H$mo Ka ôO {X`m &
ZÝhHy$ qgh Zo Xþbmar H$mo JmZo Ho$ {bE g§Xoe ôOm V^r _m¡bdr gmh~ Xmo
{gnm{h`m| H$mo boH$a AmO Y_Ho$ Am¡a Xþbmar H$mo g§Xoe {Ôdm`m {H$- ""AmO ao{OS>|Q>
gmh~ H$s H$moR>ar na _wOam H$aZm hmoJm A^r Mbo '' ZÝhHy$ Zo Xþbmar Ho$ bbH$ma H$a JmZo
Ho$ {bE H$hm na§Vw _m¡bdr gmh~ Xþbmar H$mo bo OmZo Ho$ {bE H${Q>~Õ Wo & _m¡bdr gmh~
Xþbmar H$mo MbZo Ho$ {bE AmJ«h H$aZo bJo Vmo ZÝhHy$ qgh Zo EH$ ~Zmagr Pmn‹S> CÝh§o
{Q>H$m`m, Bgo XoIH$a {gnmhr ^mJ JE & OmZ A{b Zo _m¡bdr gmh~ go H$hm- ""_m¡bdr
gmh~! ^bm Amn JwÊS>o Ho$ _wh± bJZo bJo & `h H${hE {H$ CgZo J§S>mgm Zht Vm¡b {X`m
&'' Wmo‹S>r Xoa ~mX EH$ S>mobr aoe_r H$n‹S>m| go T>±H$s hþB© Am`r & gmW _|o EH$ Mmo~Xma Wm
& CgZo Xþbmar H$mo amO_mVm H$s Amkm gwZm`r & Xþbmar MwnMmn S>mb o r na Om ~¡R>r Am¡a
{edmb` KmQ> H$s Amoa ~‹T>r &
lmdU H$m A§{V_ gmo_dma hmoZo Ho$ H$maU amO_mVm {edmb` _| nyOZ H$a ahr Wr &
Xþbmar Hw$N> AÝ` JmZo dm{b`m| Ho$ gmW ÔZ Jm ahr Wr & AmaVr hmo OmZo na amO_mVm nÞm
Zo \w$bm| H$s A§Oao r {~IoaH$a ^pŠV ^md go XodVm Ho$ MaUm| _| àUm_ {H$`m & àgmX boH$a
AmVo hr CÝh| Xþbmar {XImB© Xr &
Xþbmar Zo hmW OmoS‹ >H$a H$hm {H$ - ""_¢ nhbo hr nh±M w OmVr Š`m H$ê$, Hw$~am
_m¡bdr {ZJmo‹S>m AmH$a aogrS>oÝgr H$s H$moR>r na bo OmZo bJm, K§Q>mo§ Bgr P§PQ> _| ~rV J`m
gaH$ma !""CYa go ~m~y ZÝhHy$qgh {ZH$bo {OÝhm|Zo _m¡bdr H$mo Pmn‹S> bJm`m Am¡a V~
OmH$a _wPo `hm± AmZm g§^d hmo gH$m &'' amO_mVm Zo OmZZm Mmhm {H$ `h ~m~y ZÝhHy$qgh
H$m¡Z h¡? Xþbmar Zo {ga ZrMm H$a H$hm- ""`h ~m~y {Za§OZ qgh Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ h¡ & O~ h_
~MnZ _| Pybm Pyb aho Wo Am¡a AMmZH$ Z~m~ H$m hmWr {~JS>H$a Am J`m Wm V~ Bgr
ZÝhHy$ qgh Zo h_ bmoJm| H$s ajm H$s Wr &''
amO_mVm H$m _wI Cg àmMrZ KQ>Zm H$mo ñ_aU H$aHo$ Z OmZo Š`m| {ddU© hmo J`m
& Xþbmar amO_mVm nÞm Ho$ {nVm H$s O_tXmar _| ahZo dmbr doí`m H$s b‹S>H$s Wr & CgHo$
gmW {H$VZr hr ~ma nÞm Pyb-o qhS>mb o o na Pyb MwH$s Wr & nÞm O~ H$meramO H$s _mVm
Wr V~ Xþbmar H$mer H$s à{gÕ JmZo dmbr Wr & amO_mVm _hmamO ~bd§V qgh Ho$ g_`
go g§JrV _| é{M boVr Wr & Cg g_` ào_, Xþ…I Am¡a XX© âr {dah H$ënZm Ho$ JrV C_|
A{YH$ é{M Wr & A~ gmpËdH$ ^mdnyU© ÔZ hmoVm h¡ &
amO_mVm nÞm H$s EH$ _±hw bJr J|Xm Zm_H$ Xmgr Wr & Cgr Zo _hmamZr H$mo H$hm
{H$ - ""ZÝhHy$ qgh O_tXmar N>mS‹o >H$a A~ S>mHy$ hmo J`m h¡ & {OVZo ^r IyZ hmoVo h¢ Cg_|
Cgr H$m hmW ahVm h¡ &'' V^r Xþbmar Zo Cgo amoH$H$a H$hm - ""`h PyR> h¡ & ~m~ygmh~ O¡gm
Y_m©Ë_m Vmo H$moB© h¡ hr Zht & {H$VZr {dYmdmE± CZH$s Xr hþB© YmoVr go AnZm VZ T>H± $Vr
h¢ & {H$VZr b‹S>{H$`m| H$s emXr hmoVr h¡, {H$VZo gVmE± hþE bmoJm| H$s CZHo$ Ûmam ajm hmoVr
h¡&''
amZr nÞm Ho$ öX` _| EH$ VabVm CÛo{bV hwB© & CÝhm|Zo h±gH$a H$hm - ""Xþbmar,
do Voao `hm± AmVo h¢ Z? Bgrgo Vy CZH$s ~‹S> mB© ....&''
""Zht gaH$ma! enW ImH$a H$h gH$Vr h±ÿ {H$ ~m~y ZÝhHy$ qgh Zo AmO VH$ H$^r
_oao H$moR>o na n¡a ^r Zht aIm&''
amO_mVm Z OmZo Š`m| Bg AX²^Vw ì`pŠV H$mo g_PZo Ho$ {bE M§Mb hmo CR>r Wr
& V^r J|Xm Zo eha H$s ~war Xem Ho$ g§X^© _| ~mV H$hr &
Xÿgao {XZ H$mer H$s Aì`dñWm Ho$ g§X^© _| amOm MoVqgh Ho$ nmg ao{OS>oÊQ> _mH©$ho_
H$s {MÇ>r AmB© {Og_| JwÊS>m| H$mo nH$‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE H$‹S>m {Z`§ÌU aIZo H$s gå_{V ^r Wr &
H$mer _| hbMb _M J`r & H$moVdmb {hå_Vqgh Zo H$mer Ho$ JwÊS>m| H$o nH$‹S>Zm Ama§^
H$a {X`m &
EH$ {XZ ZÝhHy$ D±$Mo Q>rbo na AnZo gm{W`m| Ho$ gmW Xÿ{Y`m± N>mZ ahm Wm& H$WH$m|
H$m JmZm hmo ahm Wm & ZÝhHy$ H$mo AmZ§X Zhr§ Am`m & AmO CgH$m _Z CI‹S>m hþAm Wm
& EH$ KÊQ>o _| Xþbmar gm_Zo Am`r & _wñH$mamH$a CgZo H$hm - ""Š`m hþH$_ h¡ ~m~y
gmh~?''
""Xþbmar ! AmO JmZm gwZZo H$m _Z H$a ahm h¡ &'' JmZm-~OmZm g_má hmo J`m
& ZÝhHy$ qMVm _| _§{Xa Ho$ g_rn hr N>moQ>o go H$_ao _| ~¡R>m & Xþbmar ^r OmJ ahr Wr & AnZr
^mdZm H$mo g§^mbZm CgHo$ {bE H${R>Z hmo J`m Wm & dh Yrao-Yrao CgHo$ nmg AmB© &
Mm¢H$H$a ZÝhÿH$ Zo nmg aIr Vbdma CR>m br & h±gH$a Xþbmar H$hZo bJr - ""~m~y gmho~,
`h Š`m? pñÌ`m| na ^r Vbmdma MbmB© OmVr h¡?''
dmgZm âm Cg a_Ur H$m _wI XoI H$a ZÝhHy$ h±g n‹S>m H$hZo bJm-""Š`m| Bgr
g_` OmZo H$s n‹S>r h¡?...'' dh CgHo$ nmg ~¡R>r& ZÝhHy$ Zo H$hm - ""Š`m Vw_H$mo S>a bJ
ahm h¢?''
""Zht Hw$N> nyN>Zo Am`r hÿ± &''
""Š`m?''
""Š`m .... `hr {H$ .... H$^r Vwåhmao öX` _| ....''
""Cgo Z nyN>mo Xþbmar! öX` H$mo _¢ ~oH$ma hr g_PH$a Vmo Cgo hmW _| {bE {\$a ahm
hÿ± & H$moB© Hw$N> H$a XoVm- Hw$MbVm - MraVm- CN>bVm _a OmZo Ho$ {bE g~ Hw$N> Vmo H$aVm
hÿ,± na _aZo Zht nmVm &''
Xþbmar Ho$ Ûma _mby_ hmoVm h¡ {H$ hopñQ>¨½g gmh~ Am`m h¡ & {edmb` KmQ> na
{Vb§Jm| H$s H$ånZr H$m nham ~¡R>m {X`m h¡ & amOm MoVqgh Am¡a amO_mVm nÞm H$mo nH$‹S>H$a
em`X H$bH$Îmm ôOZo dmbo h§¡ ...& `h gwZVo hr ZÝhHy$ AYra hmo CR>m & V^r Xþbmar Zo
H$hm - ""Š`m| ~m~y gmh~, AmO amZr nÞm H$m Zm_ gwZH$a AmnH$s Am±Im| _| Am±gy Š`m|
Am Jò?''
""Mwn ahmo, Vw_ CgH$mo OmZH$a Š`m H$amoJr?''
C{Û¾ hmoH$a H$hVo bJm - ""Xþbmar! OrdZ _| AmO `h nhbm hr {XZ h¡ {H$
EH$m§V amV _| EH$ ñÌr _oao nb§J na AmH$a ~¡R> J`r h¡& _¢ {MaHw$_ma AnZr EH$ à{Vkm
H$m {Zdm©h H$aZo Ho$ {bE g¡H$S>m| AgË`, AnamY H$aVm {\$a ahm h±,ÿ Š`m|? Vw_ OmZVr hmo
?_¢ pñÌ`m| H$m Kmoa {dÐmohr h±ÿ Am¡a nÞm !... qH$Vw CgH$m Š`m AnamY ? AË`mMmar
~bd§V qgh Ho$ H$boOo _| {~§Nw>Am _¢ Z CVma gH$m & qH$Vw nÞm ! Cgo nH$S>H$a> H$a
Jmoao H$bH$Îmo ôO X|Jo, Zht ...&''
ZÝhHy$ CÝ_Îm hmo CR>m Am¡a J§Jm H$s C_‹S>Vr hþB© Ymam _| S>mJ| r S>mb H$a amO_mVm
Am¡a amOHw$_ma H$mo Nw>S‹ >mZo Ho$ {bE {ZH$bm & H$moVdmb {hå_Vqgh H$mo nwH$mam &
CgZo nyN>m- ""H$m¡Z?''
""~m~y ZÝhHy$qgh &''
""AÀN>m, Vw_ A~ VH$ ~mha hr aho &'' Am¡a {hå_Vqgh Zo {gnm{h`m| H$mo Amkm
Xr & qH$Vw ZÝhHy$ H$s M_H$Vr Vbdma H$mo XoIH$a do ^rVa ^mJo - ""Z_H$ ham_mo! My{S‹ >`m
nhZ bmo & ''
{edmb` H$s {I‹S>H$s Ho$ ZrMo S>m|Jr H$s ~m§YH$a ~§Xa O¡gm CN>mbH$a {I‹S>H$s Ho$
^rVa J`m & g~ H$mo gMoV H$aVo hþE H$hm - ""_hmamZr H$hm± h¡ ?''
MoVqgh Zo nyN>m - ""Vw_ H$m¡Z hmo?''
""amO-n[adma H$m EH$ {~Zm Xm_ H$m godH$ &''
nÞm Zo nhMmZ {b`m ... dhr ZÝhHy$qgh
Cgo XoIH$a _{Z`maqgh Zo nyN>m - ""Vw_ Š`m H$a gH$Vo hmo ?'' ""_¢ _a gH$Vm h±ÿ
& nhbo _hmamZr H$mo S>mJ| r na {~R>mBE & ZrMo Xÿgar S>mJ| r na AÀN>o _„hm h¢ {\$a ~mV
H$r{OE &''... CgZo nÞm go H$hm - ""M{bE, _¢ gmW MbVm h±ÿ &''
amOm MoVqgh H$mo H$hm - ""_oao _m{bH$ Amn Zmd na ~¡R>| & O~ VH$ amOm ^r Zmd
na ~¡R> Om`|J,o V~ VH$ gÌh Jmobr ImH$a ^r ZÝhHy$qgh Or{dV ahZo H$s à{Vkm H$aVm
h¡ &'' dh A§J«oOm| Ho$ gmW `wÕ H$aVm ahm & ~rgm| {Vb§Jm| H$s g§JrZm| go dh AHo$bm b‹S>
ahm Wm & CgHo$ Kmdm| go aŠV Ho$ \w$hmao \y$Q> n‹S>o Wo & CgHo$ MQ²>Q>mZ O¡go eara go J¡[aH$ H$s
Vah aŠV H$s Ymam ~h ahr Wr & "JwÊS>'o H$m EH$-EH$ A§J H$Q>H$a {Ja ahm Wm & dh H$mer
H$m "JwÊS>m' ZÝhHy$qgh Wm &
2.2.1 "JwÊS>m' … nmÌ
"JwÊS>m' H$hmZr M[aÌàYmZ h¡ & Bg_| Zm`H$ ZÝhHy$ qgh Ho$ ì`pŠVËd Am¡a CgHo$
Ë`mJ H$mo A{^ì`pŠV {H$`m h¡ & ZÝhHy$ H$s Am`w 50 df© go D$na h¡ {\$a ^r dh `wdH$m|
go A{YH$ ~{bð> Am¡a Ñ‹T> h¡ & H$S>H$Vr OoR> H$s Yyn _|, dfm© H$s P‹S>r _| Am¡a nyg H$s amV
_| ^r dh Z§Jo eara Yy_Vm h¡ & CgH$m gm°d§ bm a§J gm°n H$s Vah {MH$Zm Am¡a M_H$sbm
h¡ & CgH$s YmoVr H$m bmb aoe_r {H$Zmam Xÿa go ^r Ü`mZ AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡ & H$_a _|§
~Zmagr \o$Q>m {Og_| gtn H$s _yR> H$m {~Nw>dm Ky±gm ahVm h¡ CgHo$ Ky§Kambo ~mbm| na gwZhao
n„o Ho$ gm\o$ H$m N>moa, CgH$s Mm¡‹S> r nrR> na \¡$bm ahVm h¡ & CgHo$ H§$Yo na Q>rH$m hþAm
Mm¡‹S>r Yma dmbm JÊS>m gm h¡ & dh JwÊS>m h¡ qH$Vw draVm CgH$m Y_© h¡ & dh ~odOh {H$gr
H$mo AmhV Zm hr H$aVm, {Z~©bm| H$s ghm`Vm H$aVm h¡, {dYdmAm| H$m ajH$ h¡, Jar~
b‹S>{H$`m| H$s emXr Ho$ {bE ghm`Vm H$aVm h¡, gVmE± hþE bmoJm| H$s ajm H$aZm dh AnZm
Y_© _mZVm h¡ & AnZo àmUm| H$m ~{bXmZ XoH$a _hmamZr nÞm Am¡a MoVqgh H$s ajm H$aVm
h¡ & àgmX Zo JwÊS>m ZÝhHy$ qgh Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Ë`mJ H$m AmXe© ñWm{nV {H$`m h¡ & ZÝhHy$
Zmar Apñ_Vm H$m ajH$ h¡ & dh AnZo àmUm| H$s ~mOr bJmH$a ñÌr ajm H$m Xm{`Ëd nyU©
H$aVm h¡ &
"JwÊS>m' H$hmZr H$m Zm`H$ ZÝhHy$ AmXe© H$s à{Vð>m H$aVm h¡ & ñd`§ AmOrdZ H$ï,>
g§Kf© Ed§ X¥ÝÛ go OwPVm h¡ & Am§V[aH$ g§Kf© H$m gm_Zm H$aVo hþE dh A§VV… H$mê${UH$
à^md nmR>H$ na N>mo‹S> OmVm h¡ & àgmX Zo ZÝhHy$ Ho$ Am§V[aH$ Û§Û H$mo C^maZo Ho$ {bE
H${Vn` KQ>Zm àg§Jm| H$m {ZénU {H$`m h¡ & n[aUm_ñdén ZÝhHy$ H$m M[aÌ _mÌ
_Zmo^mdmË_H$ Z ahH$a _Zmodk¡ m{ZH$ hmo J`m h¡ & Omo ào_ _| Ë`mJ g_nU© Ed§ àmUm| H$m
CËgJ© O¡go gË` H$m CX²KmQ>Z H$aVm h¡ &
2.2.2 amO_mVm nÞm
amO_mVm nÞm Ym{_©H$ àd¥{Îm H$s _{hbm h¡, dh {ZË` {Z`_ go {edmb` _| OmVr
h¡ & Ohm± nyOZ-ÔZ Am¡a AmaVr _| Ü`mZ _¾ hmo OmVr h¡ & d¡Yì` go Xrá em§V _wI_§S>b
{H$gr H$mo ^r AmH${f©V H$a boVm h¡ & ~MnZ _| hmWr Ûmam AmH«$_U Ho$ àg§J _| ZÝhHy$
Zo Cgo ~Mm`m Wm V^r go ZÝhHy$ H$s draVm Ed§ em¡`© go amO_mVm nÞm AmdJV h¡ &
amO_mVm nÞm _| __Vm Ed§ _mYw`n© U
y © AZw^{y V`m| H$m Ehgmg hmoVm h¡ & X`m, Ë`mJ, ñZoh,
ào_m{X VËdm| go CgH$m ì`pŠVËd Câ H$a Am`m h¡ &
2.2.3 Xþbmar
Xþbmar H$mer H$s JmZo dmbr EH$ doí`m h¡ & ~MnZ _| dh amO_mVm nÞm H$s
ghm{`H$m ahr h¡ & nÞm O~ H$meramO H$s _mVm Wr V~ Xþbmar H$mer H$s à{gÕ JmZo
dmbr Wr & amO_hb _| CgH$m JmZm-~OmZm hþAm H$aVm Wm & amO_mVm CgHo$ JmZo go
à^m{dV Wr Am¡a `Xm-H$Xm Xþbmar H$mo ÔZ JmZo Ho$ {bE H$hm H$aVr Wr &
ñnï>V… àgmX H$s "JwÊS>m' H$hmZr Ho$ nmÌ amï´>à_o , Ë`mJ, H$éUm, __Vm, X`m O¡go
CXmÎm _yë`m| go AmoVkàmoV h¢ & ZÝhHy$ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Vmo _Zwî`Vm Ho$ CËgJ© H$m A§H$Z hþAm
h¡ & àgmXOr Zo nmÌm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ì`mnH$ _mZdr` g§dXo Zm C^maZo _| g\$bVm àmá H$s h¡
& "JwÊS>m' H$hmZr AnZr _m{_©H$ g§dXo Zm, _mZd öX` H$s gÀMr A{^ì`pŠV Am¡a _Zmodk¡ m{ZH$
M[aÌ-{MÌU Ho$ H$maU nmR>H$m| Ho$ öX` na A{_Q> N>mn N>mSo > MwH$s h¡ & àgmXOr Zo EH$ JwÊS>o
H$mo gyú_, g§K{Q>V, CXmÎm ì`pŠVËd àXmZ {H$`m h¡ &
2.2.2 dmVmdaU
"JwÊS>m' H$hmZr H$m H$WmZmH$ B©gm H$s AR>ahdr§ eVmãXr Ho$ A§{V_ ^mJ H$mo X¥{ï>
_| aIH$a {bIm J`m h¡ & Cg g_` _§{Xa Ed§ _R>m| H$mo AmH«$_UH$m[a`m| Ûmam CX²ÜdñV
{H$`m Om ahm Wm & H$mer _| AamOH$Vm ì`má Wr & emñÌ Ho$ ñWmZ na eñÌ ~b à^mdr
hmo MwH$m Wm & ZmJ[aH$ OrdZ _| EH$ ZdrZ gåàXm` H$s g¥ï>r hþB© Wr {OgH$m Y_© Wm
"draVm'& ò dra {Z~©bm| H$s ghm`Vm H$aVo qghd¥{Îm go Or{dH$m J«hU H$aVo Wo& ò dra
{gÕmÝV{à` Wo Am¡a BÝht dram| H$mo H$mer Ho$ bmoJ "JwÊS>m' H$hVo Wo & Cg g_` amOemhr
Wr, _hmamO MoVqgh H$m amO Wm & A§JO o« Xoer [a`mgVm| na A{YH$ma H$aZo H$m à`ËZ H$a
aho Wo & N>mQo >o amOmAm| na Amamon-àË`mamon bJmH$a CÝh| ZOa~§X {H$`m H$aVo Wo & Eogo
dmVmdaU _| àñVwV H$hmZr H$m H$WmZH$ g¥{OV hþAm h¡ & boIH$ Ho$ eãXm| _| -
""gmobh AJñV gZ² 1781 H$mo H$mer S>m±dm-S>m¡b hmo ahr Wr& {edmb` KmQ> _|
amOm MoVqgh bopâQ>Z|Q> ""BñQ>mH$a Ho$ nhao _| Wo & ZJa _| AmV§H$ Wm & XþH$mZo ~§X Wr, gS>H|$
gyZr n‹S>r Wr, ^` Am¡a gÞmQ>o H$m amÁ` Wm &''
Xoe H$mb dmVmdaU H$s {Z{_©{V _| àgmXOr H$s boIZr OmXÿ H$m H$m_ H$aVr Wr
& Eo{Vhm{gH$ n¥ð>^y{_ H$mo àH¥$Vr{MÌU, nmÌ-Ed§ KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ _m{_©H$ dU©Z go Bg àH$ma
C^maH$a àñVwV H$aVo h¡ {H$ nmR>H$ jUâ `wJm| H$s gr_m H$mo bm±YH$a H$WmZH$ Ho$ H$mb
_| à{dï> hmo OmVm h¡ &
2.3.3 H$WmonH$WZ
"JwÊS>m' H$hmZr Ho$ g§dmXm| `m H$WmonH$WZm| H$s gOrdVm, nmÌmZwH$y bVm, àg§JmZwH$y bVm
Xe©Zr` h¢ & nmÌm| Ho$ _mZ{gH$ g§Kf© - Û§Û H$mo àgmXOr Zo ~‹S>o à^mdnyU© Ed§ g§{já T>J§ go
A{^ì`pŠV Xr h¡ & CZHo$ g§dmXm| _| ZmQ>{H$`Vm Ed§ H$bmË_H$Vm {XImB© XoVr h¡ ...
Xþbmar ZÝhHy$ Ho$ nmg ~¡R> J`r & ZÝhHy$ Zo H$hm - ""Š`m Vw_H$mo S>a bJ ahm h¡?''
""Zht Hw$N> nyN>Zo Am`r h±ÿ &''
""Š`m?''
""Š`m ... `hr {H$ ... H$^r Vwåhmao öX` _|....''
""Cgo Z nyN>mo Xþbmar! öX` H$mo _¢ ~oH$ma hr g_PH$a Vmo hmW _| {bE {\$a ahm h±y
... _a OmZo Ho$ {bE g~ Hw$N> Vmo H$aVm h±,ÿ na _aZo Zht nmVm &''
_aZo Ho$ {bE ^r H$ht ImoOZo OmZm n‹S>Vm h¡?.... O~ amO_mVm nÞm Am¡a MoVqgh
H$mo {edmb` Ho$ KmQ> na nH$‹S>m Jm`m & Xþbmar go nVm-MbVo hr ZÝhHy$ S>m|Jr boH$a CÝh|
Nw>‹S>mZo J§Jm H$s Ymam _| go A§Yao _¡§ hr dhm± nhþ±MVm h¡& H$moVdmb {hå_V qgh H$mo gMoV

H$aVo hþE H$hVm h¡ - ""h_ EH$ ~ma BZH$mo boH$a {edmb` KmQ> na OmE± &''
{edm`b H$s [I‹S>H$s Ho$ ZrMo EH$ nËWa _| añgr AQ>H$m H$a ZÝhHy$ {I‹S>H$s Ho$
A§Xa Mbm OmVm h¡ & eof gmWr \$mQ>H$ na hbMb _MmZo Ho$ {bE ôO XoVm h¡ &
eñÌm| go bXo hþE ZÝhHy$ H$mo XoIH$a MoVqgh nyN>Vm h¢ - ""Vw_ H$m¡Z hmo?''
""amO n[adma H$m EH$ {~Zm Xm_ H$m godH$ &''
""_{Z`ma qgh Zo nyN>m- Vw_ Š`m H$a gH$Vo hmo?''
""_¢ _a gH$Vm h±ÿ & nhbo _hmamZr H$mo S>mJ| r na {~R>mBE &'' O~ amO_mVm H$mo bo
OmZo H$s ~mV H$s JB© V~ amOm MoVmqgh H$mo ZÝhHy$ H$hVm h¡ - ""_oao _m{bH$, Amn Zmd
na ~oR¢ >o & O~ VH$ amOm ^r Zmd na Z ~¡R> Om`|J,o V~ VH$ gÌh Jmobr ImH$a ZÝhHy$ qgh
Or{dV ahZo H$s à{Vkm H$aVm h¡ &''
XmoZm| H$mo S>mJ| r na ~¡R>mH$a ZÝhHy$ Zo \$mQ>H$ na {gnm{h`m| H$s Jmo{b`m| H$m gm_Zm
{H$`m & BñQ>mH$a, CgHo$ gm{W`m| Am¡a _m¡bdr gmh~ go g_mZm H$aVm ahm & _m¡bdr H$mo dh
H$hVm h¡- ""Š`m|, Cg {XZ Ho$ Pm‹S>n Zo Vw_H$mo g_Pm`m Zht? bo nmOr &'' Am¡a OZodm
_mam {H$ Hw$~am S>ao hmo J`m &
MoVqgh H$mo bbH$ma H$a H$hVm h¡ - ""Amn XoIVo Š`m h¡? CV[aE S>mJ| r na &''
MÅ>mZ-gm I‹S>m ~rgmo {Vb§Jm| H$s g§JrZm| H$s _ma ImVm ahm CgHo$ eara H$m EH$-EH$ A§J
H$Q>H$a {JaZo bJm Wm & dhr ZÝhHy$ H$mer H$m "JwÊS>m' Wm &
ñnï> h¡ {H$ àgmX Ho$ g§dmX ZÝhHy$ Ho$ {Xb H$m Û§Û, Xþbmar H$s dmgZm âr gyú_
A{^ì`pŠV, amO_mVm nÞm H$s AmVwaVm Am{X ^mdZmAm| H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo _| g\$b aho h¢
2.2.4 CÔoí`
àgmX H$s H$hmZr "JwÊS>m' H$m CÔoí` h¡ AR>mahdt eVmãXr Ho$ CÎmamY© _| {Z{_©V
H$mer Ho$ dmVmdaU H$mo {M{ÌV H$aZm & Cg g_` H$mer H$m nyd©dVu d¡^d Zï> hmo MwH$m
Wm & Ý`m` Am¡a ~w{ÕdmX H$mo eñÌ~b Ho$ gm_Zo PwH$Zm n‹S>m Wm & H$mer Ho$ ZmJ[aH$
{dpÀN>Þ Am¡a {ZamemnyU© OrdZ Or aho Wo & EH$ Z`m g§àXm` {Z_m©U hþAm Am¡a dh Wm
dra & {OgH$m bú` Wm, AnZr ~mV na _a {_Q>Zm qgh d¥{Îm go Or{dH$m J«hU H$aZm
àmU-{^jm _m§JZo dmbo H$màm| VWm MmoQ> ImH$a {Jao hþE à{VÛ§Ûr na eñÌ Z CR>mZo,
{Z~©bm| H$s ghm`Vm H$aZm, àËòH$ jU _| OmZ hWobr na boH$a MbZo dmbo BZ dram| H$mo
H$mer _| "JwÊS>m' H$hVo Wo &
_Z{gH$ MmoQ> go Km`b§ O_tXma H$m nwÌ ZÝhHy$ JwÊS>m hmo J`m Wm & OwAm IobVm
Wm & JmZm gwZVm Wm na H$moR>o na H$^r Zht OmVm Wm & dra, gmhgr, CXma, Ë`mJr ZÝhHy$
Ho$ ~{bXmZ H$mo A§{H$V H$aHo$ àgmXOr Zo AX²^Vw ì`pŠVËd H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ &
ZÝhHy$ nmÌ Ho$ Ûmam CgH$s _mZdr` g§dXoZm Ho$ Xe©Z H$amE h¡§ & AZoH$ {dYdmE±
CZH$s Xr hþB© YmoVr go AnZm VZ T>H$Vr h¡ & {H$VZr b‹S>{H$`m| H$s emXr H$s JB©, {H$VZo
gVmE Jò bmoJm| H$s ajm H$s JB© & ZÝhHy$ Y_m©Ë_m h¡ & Xþbmar H$hVr h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo AmO
VH$ H$^r _oao H$moR>o na H$X_ Zht aIm & ZÝhHy$ H$mo Xþbmar Zo H$hm Wm -""... H$^r Vw_mao
öX` _| ...''
""Cgo Z nyN>mo Xþbmar & öX` H$mo _¢ ~oH$ma hr g_PH$a Vmo Cgo hmW _o§ {bE {\$a
ahm h±ÿ & H$moB© Hw$N> H$a XoVm - Hw$MbVm-MraVm-CN>mbVm & _a OmZo Ho$ {bE g~ Hw$N> Vmo H$aVm
h±ÿ , na _aZo Zht nmVm &'' O~ Cgo nVm Mbm {H$ amO_mVm nÞm Am¡a amOHw$_ma MoVqgh
{edmb` H$s KmQ> _| bopâQ>ZoÊQ> BñQ>mH$a Ho$ nhao _| h¢ & V~ ZÝhHy$ amV Ho$ KZo A§YH$ma
_| J§Jm H$s C_‹S>Vr Ymam _| S>mJ| r S>mbH$a CZ XmoZm| H$mo AnZr OmZ H$s ~mOr bJmH$ma ~Mm
{b`m & BñQ>mH$ma, Hw$~am _m¡bdr VWm CZHo$ gm{W`m| H$m ImË_m H$aHo$ Xoeào_ H$s {_gmb
H$m`_ H$s &
H$hmZr Ho$ Ûmam àgmX Zo {Xb Ho$ gÀMo ^mdm| Am¡a AZw^y{V H$s JhamB© H$mo D±$MmB©
VH$ bo OmZo H$m à`mg {H$`m h¡ & _mZ{gH$ Û§Û Ed§ g§Kf©, ào_, Ë`mJ, g_n©U, ~{bXmZ
O¡go _mZdr` _yë`m| H$mo ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m ^r bú` ahm h¡ &

* H$hmZr H$bm H$s X¥{ï> go "JwÊS>m' H$s g_rjm H$s{OE &
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* "JwÊS>m' H$hmZr Ho$ AmYma na CXmÎm ào_ Am¡a Ë`mJ-g_n©U Ho$ àg§Jmo§ H$m dU©Z
H$s{OE &
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* ZÝhHy$ qgh H$m M[aÌ AmO Ho$ `wdH$m| Ho$ {bE àoaUmXm`r h¡ - {ddoMZ
H$s{OE &
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* Xþbmar H$s H$Wm Jm¡U hmoVo hþE ^r AË`§V _hÎdnyU© h¡ - ñnï> H$r{OE &
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* amO_mVm nÞm
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* "JwÊS>m' ZÝhHy$hg§h H$m M[aÌ-{MÌU
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* "JwÊS>m' Ho$ H$WmonH$WZ
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* "JwÊS>m' H$m dmVmdaU
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* "JwÊS>m' erf©H$
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(J) EH$ dmŠ`r` CÎmadmbo àíZ
* "JwÊS>m' H$m AW© Š`m h¢?
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* Xþbmar H$m¡Z Wr?
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* "JwÊS>m' H$hmZr {H$gZo {bIr h¡ ?
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* "JwÊS>m' _| H$m`©aV H$moVdmb H$m Zm_ Š`m h¡?
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* H$mer H$s Xþì`©dñWm Ho$ g§X^© _| amOm MoVqgh H$mo {H$gZo {MÇ>r ôOr?
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* {Vb§Jmo§ Zo H$ånZr H$m nham H$hm± na ~¡R>m {X`m h¡?
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(K) g§X^© ñnï>H$aU -
* ""Xþbmar, do Voao `hm± AmVo h¡ Z? Bgr go Vy CZH$s ~‹S>mB©... ''
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* ""Š`mo ~mB©Or ! Š`m Bgr g_` OmZo H$s n‹S>r h¡? _m¡bZdr Zo {\$a ~wbm`m h¡
Š`m ?''
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* ""amO-n[adma H$m EH$ {~Zm Xm_ H$m godH$ &''
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* ""_oao _m{bH$, Amn Zmd na ~¡R>| & O~ VH$ amOm ^r Zmd na Z ~¡R>o Om`|J,o
V~ VH$ gÌh Jmobr ImH$a ^r ZÝhHy$qgh Or{dV ahZo H$s à{Vkm H$aVm
h¡ &''
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2.4 gmam§e
Oè§H$a àgmX H$s "JwÊS>m' H$hmZr H$m à_wI nmÌ h¡ ZÝhHy$qgh, {Ogo H$mer H$m
"JwÊS>m' H$hm OmVm Wm & draVm CgH$m Y_© Wm & ZÝhHy$ EH$ O_tXma H$m ~oQ>m Wm qH$Vw
_mZ{gH$ MmoQ> ImZo Ho$ H$maU dh JwÊS>m hmo J`m Wm & AnZr g§n{Îm CgZo byQ>m Xr Wr &
én`m-n¡gm IM© H$aHo$ àhgZnyU© A{^Z` {H$`m Wm & ~Zmag Ho$ ~mha, H$^r Hw$Am| na
H$^r J§Jm H$s _MbVr hþB© S>mJ| r na, OwAmImZo go O~ {ZH$bVm V~ H$mer H$s doí`mE±
CgH$m _wñH$amH$a ñdmJV H$aVr & V_mobr H$s XþH$mZ na ~¡R>H$a CZHo$ JrV gwZVm, D$na
H$^r Z OmVm Wm OrVo hþE n¡go CZH$s {I‹S>H$s _§o CN>mbVm Wm &
_m¡bdr Zo {gnmhr Xþbmar H$mo ~wbmZo ôOo h¢ - ""ao{OS>oÊQ> gmh~ H$s H$moR>r na _wOam
H$aZo ~wbm`m h¡ &'' Xþbmar h_ H$~ VH$ `hm± ~¡R>o aho, ZÝhHy$ Zo H$hVo hr _m¡bdr Hw$N>
~H$Vm ahm - ""H$m¡Z h¡ `h nmOr &'' ""Vwåhmam MmMm'' H$hH$a EH$ nyam ~Zmagr Pmn‹S>
_mam, ~mOma _| hbMb _M JB© & _m¡bdr Am¡a {gnmhr dhm± go ^mJ {ZH$bo &
JmZm nyam hþAm Am¡a Xþbmar amO_mVm H$s Amkm nmH$a {edmb` KmQ> H$s Amoa Mb
n‹S>r & Xþbmar Zo amO_mVm H$mo K{Q>V àg§J ~Vbm`m Am¡a `mX {XbmB© {H$ Z~m~ H$m hmWr
{~J‹S>H$a Am`m Wm, Amn Pybm-Pyb ahr Wr V~ ~m~y {Za§OZqgh Ho$ ~oQ>o ZÝhHy$ Zo h_
bmoJm§o H$s ajm H$s Wr & amOm ~bd§V qgh Ho$ Ûmam amZr nÞm Ho$ MoVqgh ~oQ>m h¡, A~ amZr
d¡Yì` Ho$ H$mb _o§ nyOm-nmR> _| é{M boVr h¡ & Xþbmar go gmpËdH$ ÔZ gwZVr h¡ &
amO_mVm Ho$ Mohao H$m a§J ZÝhHy$ H$m Zm_ gwZVo hr C‹S> J`m, Cgo AVrV H$s KQ>Zm H$m
ñ_aU hmo Am`m & EH$ KÊQ>o Ho$ ~mX Xþbmar ÔZ gwZmH$a dmng Am`r & amO_mVm nÞm H$m
Zm_ gwZVo hr ZÝhHy$ Am±Im| _¢ Am±gy Am OmVo h¢ & Xþbmar Ho$ nyN>Zo na dh H$hVm h¡ -
""Mwn ahmo, Vw_ OmZH$a Š`m H$amoJr &''
Xþbmar ! OrdZ _| AmO `h nhbm {XZ h¡ {H$ EH$m§V amV _| EH$ ñÌr _oao nb§J na
AmH$a ~¡R> J`r h¡ & _¢ {MaHw$_ma AnZr EH$ à{Vkm H$m {Zdm©h H$aZo Ho$ {bE g¡H$‹S>m|
AgË`, AnamY H$aVm {\$a ahm h±ÿ & Š`m|? Vw_ OmZVr hmo? _¢ pñÌ`m| H$m Kmoa {dÐmohr h±ÿ
& Am¡a nÞm! .. qH$Vw CgH$m Š`m AmnamY? AË`mMmar ~bdÝV qgh Ho$ H$boOo _| {~Nw>Am
_¢ Z CVma gH$m& qH$Vw nÞm! Cgo nH$‹S>H$a Jmoao H$bH$Îmo ôO X|Jo Zht ...&
Xþbmar go nVm Mbm {H$ H$moB© hopñQ>½¨ O gmh~ Am`m h¡, {edmb` KmQ> na g¡{ZH$
nham Xo aho h¡ amO_mVm nÞm Am¡a MoVqgh dht AQ>H$o h¡§ & `h gwZH$a ZÝhHy$ J§Jm H$s
C_‹S>Vr Ymam _| A§Yao r amV _|, S>mJ| r _| ~¡R>H$a dhm± nhþM
± Vm h¡ Am¡a ~‹S>r {hå_V Ho$ gmW
amO_mVm nÞm Am¡a MoVqgh H$mo S>mJ| r _| ~¡R>mH$a ôOVm h¡ Am¡a IwX ~rgm| {Vb§Jmo H$s
g§JrZm| Ho$ gm_Zo MÅ>mZ gm I‹S>m Vbdma MbmVm h¡ & CgHo$ eara go aŠV H$s Ymam ~hVr
h¡, CgH$m EH$-EH$ A§J H$Q>H$a dht {JaZo bJVm h¡, Cgr H$mer Ho$ JwÊS>o H$m `h Ë`mJ-
~{bXmZ Wm& ì`pŠVJV ào_ go Xoe-ào_ Ho$ {bE AnZm g~ Hw$N> g_{n©V H$aZo dmbm
"JwÊS>m' ZÝhHy$ {ZpíMV hr CÀM AmXe© H$m àVrH$ h¡ &
2.5 eãXmW©
V_mobr - nmZdmbm
H$am¡br - _yR>Xma Nw>ar
{~Nw>Am - EH$ àH$ma h{W`ma
R>R>mH$a - Omoa go h±gZm-nrQ>Zm
gm`V - ew^ K‹S>r, jU
VmoS‹ >m - n¡go aIZo H$s W¡br, H$bmB© _| nhZZo H$m JhZm
Mm¢{Y`mZm- AmíM`©M{H$V hmoZm
Zmb - S>R§ >b, Zbr
* ""JwÊS>m'' H$hmZr H$m H$WmZH$ AnZo eãXm| _| {b{IE &
* ào_ Am¡a Ë`mJ go g§~{§ YV Oè§H$a àgmX H$s AÝ` H$hm{Z`m|o H$mo nT>H$a CZHo$
_hÎdnyU© nmÌm| Ho$ gag H$WmonH$WZm| H$mo {b{IE &

BH$mB© - 3
nËZr-O¡ZÐ| Hw$_ma
AZwH$« _
* CZHo$ Jm±d _| CnbãY _§{Xam| H$mo ^|Q> XoH$a OmZH$mar àmá H$s{OE &
* àgmX H$s "AmH$e-Xrn' H$hmZr H$m _yë`m§H$Z H$s{OE&
2.7 A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVH§o$

* BH$mB©$ I - _| Xo{IE
3.0 CÔoí`
3.1 àñVmdZm
3.2 {df` - {ddaU
3.2.1 H$hmZr - nËZr
3.3.2 "nËZr' H$m gm_m{OH$ nhby
3.2.3 "nËZr' erf©H$
3.4 gmam§e
3.5 eãXmW©
3.6 ñdmÜ`m` - joÌr`H$m`©
3.0 CÔoí`
* Bg H$hmZr Ho$ Ûmam O¡ZÐ| Hw$_ma Ho$ {dMmam| go n[a{MV hm|Jo &
* H$hmZr Ho$ Ûmam gm_[OH$ pñW[V H$m AmH$bZ hmoJm &
* O¡ZÐ| H$s H$hmZr H$bm H$s {deofVm H$mo g_P gH|$Jo &
3.2. àñVmdZm
qhXr H$hmZr gm{hË` _| O¡ZÐ| Hw$_ma H$m {deof ñWmZ ahm h¡ & X¥{ï>H$moU Ed§ e¡br Ho$
H$maU CZH$s H$hm{Z`m± bmoH${à` ahr h¢ & ào_M§X Ho$ H$mb _| O¡ZÐ| H$s nhbr H$hmZr
àH$m{eV hmo MwH$s Wr & _Zmo{dkmZ Am¡a Xe©ZemñÌ Ho$ AmYma na CZH$m gm{hË` {Z_m©U hþAm
h¡& Bg{bE CZH$s ñdV§Ì nhMmZ ~Z MwH$s h¡ & O¡ZÐ| na Jm§YrOr H$m H$m\$r à^md Wm & Bgr
dOh go O¡ZÐ| Jm§YrdmXr qMVH$ Ho$ én go OmZo OmVo h¡ &
O¡ZÐ| H$s A{YH$m§e H$hm{Z`m± _Zmodk¡ m{ZH$ H$hm{Z`m± h¢ & do qMVZerb, A§V_wI© r
ì`pŠVËd dmbo boIH$ ahs h¡ & O¢Z|Ð Ho$ H$mb _| \«$m`S> Ho$ _Zmo{dkmZ H$m ~mob~mbm Wm
& \«$m`S> H$m à^md g^r joÌm| na n‹S> m & O¡Z|Ð Zo _mZd _Z H$s Hw§$R>mAm|, AV¥{á`m|,
nr‹S>mAm| H$m {MÌU {H$`m & AnZo {dMmam| H$mo g^r àH$ma Ho$ nma§nm[aH$, gm_m{OH$ à^mdm|
go _wŠV aIm h¢ & BgH$m `h VmËn`© Zhr§ h¡ {H$ do gm_m{OH$ àíZm| go gd©Wm Xÿa aho h¢
& "nËZr' H$hmZr _| _Zmodk¡ m{ZH$ {díbofU h¡ qH$Vw CgH$m AmYma g_m{OH$ h¡& Bg H$hmZr
_| gwZ§Xm Zo AnZo ~ÀMo H$mo Imo {X`m h¡ Bgr{bE h_oem {dMmam| _| _¾ ahVr h¡ qH$Vw O¡go
hr CgH$m Ü`mZ {dMmam| go AbJ hmoVm h¡ & Cgo n{V na, AnZo Amn na PwP § bmhQ> hmoVr
h¡ & Eogr AdñWm _| dh {H$gr go ^r ~mobVr Zht h¡ & _H$mZ eha go ~mha AbJ-AbJ
h¡ & Ka na n{V Am¡a CZHo$ {_Ìm| Ho$ A{V[aŠV {H$gr H$m AmZm-OmZm Zht Am¡a CZH$s
~mVm| H$m {df` ^r ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ H$mo boH$a ahVm h¡ & gwZX§ m H$mo ò ~mV| g_P _| Zht
AmVr, {\$a ^r dh MmhVr h¡ {H$ Bg {df` _| n{V Cggo Hw$N> ~mV| H$a|& bo{H$Z Eogm Zht
hmoVm V~ Cgo AnZo n{V na Jwñgm AmVm h¡ & Cgo bJVm h¡ {H$ n{V Cggo namò bmoJm|
H$m Vah ì`dhma Š`m| H$aVo h¢ & dh Cgo A{YH$ma go ^r Vmo H$hr gH$Vo h¢ Eogr AdñWm
_| dh H$R>mao hmo OmVr h¡ & CgHo$ _Z _| Vah-Vah Ho$ {dMma AmVo h¢ qH$Vw Hw$N> hr g_`
_| Cgo AnZo ì`dhma Ho$ à{V Xþ…I ^r hmoVm h¡ & dh nwZ… ^maVr` Zmar H$s Vah AmkmH$mar
"nËZr' ~Z OmVr h¡ &
3.2 {df` - {ddaU

3.2.1 H$hmZr - "nËZr'
eha go EH$ Amoa {VañH¥$V _H$mZ & dhm± Mm¡H$o _| EH$ ñÌr A±JrR>r Ho$ gm_Zo {bò ~¡R>r
h¡ & A§°JrR>r H$s AmJ amI hmoVr Om ahr h¡ OmZo Š`m gmoM ahr h¡ & CgH$s AdñWm ~rg-
~mB©g Ho$ bJ^J hmoJr & Xoh go Hw$N> Xþ~br h¡ & g§å^«m§V Hw$b H$s _mby_ hmoVr h¡ &
Bg Ka _| Xmo àmUr ahVo h¢ - n{V Am¡a nËZr & n{V g~oao go Mbo OmVo h¡ & nËZr {XZ
â Ka _| AHo$bo ahVr h¡ Am¡a Cgr AHo$bonZ _| {XZâ gmoMVr ahVr h¡ & Hw$N> hr {XZ
nhbo CgH$m ~ÀMm Mbm J`m & & CgH$m _Z {H$VZm ^r BN>a-CYa aho na O~ AHo$bo O~
hmoVr h¡, V~ ^Q>H$ H$a A§V _| Cgr ~ÀMo Ho$ A^md na Am nhþM± Vm h¡ & V~ Cgo ~ÀMo H$s
dhr ~mV| `mX AmVr h¢ & do ~‹S>r-~‹S>r ß`mar Am±I|, N>mQo >r-N>mQo >r C±J{b`m± Am¡a ZÝh|-ZÝh|
AmoR> & AR>I{o b`m± `mX AmVr h¢ & CgH$m _aZm `mX AmVm h¡ & ~g Bgr {dMma _| gwZX§ m
Hw$‹T>Vr ahVr h¡ & H$^r dh AnZo Amn na Am¡a H$^r AnZo n{V na PwP§ bmhQ> ì`ŠV H$aVr
h¡ & n{V H$m{bÝXrMaU ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ _| ^mJ boVm h¡ Am¡a {XZâ Ka go ~mha ahVm h¡
& dh {XZâ Ka _| AHo$bo ahVo hþE {dMmam| _| ImoB© ahVr h¡ & Bgr dOh go H$m{bÝXMaU
O~ ^moOZ Ho$ {bE AnZo {_Ìm| Ho$ gmW AmVo h¢ & gwZX§ m go H$hVm h¡ ImZodmbo h_ Mma h¢
& ImZm hmo J`m? gwZX§ m Wmbr,MH$bm-~obZ Am¡a ~Q>bmoB© ~J¡ah Imbr ~V©Z CR>mH$a Mb

XoVr h¡, Hw$N> ^r ~mobr Zht &
H$m{bÝX Zo H$hm - ""gwZVr hmo, VrZ AmX_r _oao gmW Am¡a h¢ & ImZm ~Z gH|$ Vmo
H$hmo, Zht Vmo BVZo _| hr H$m_ Mbm b|Jo &''
gwZ§Xm Hw$N> ^r Zht ~mobr & CgHo$ _Z _| ~ohX Jwñgm Am`m & Cggo j_màmWu O¡go
Š`m§o ~mV H$a aho h¢, h±gH$a Š`m| Zht H$h XoVo - ""Hw$N> Am¡a ImZm ~Zm Xmo& O¡go _¢ J¡¡a
h±ÿ & AÀN>r ~mV h¡, Vmo _¢ ^r Jwbm_ Zht h±ÿ {H$ CZHo$ hr H$m_ _| bJr ah±ÿ & _¢ Zht OmZVr
ImZm-dmZ Am¡a Mwn ahr &''
H$m{bÝXrMaU Zo Oam Omoa go H$hm - "gwZ§Xm' & gwZ§Xm Ho$ _Z _| Am`m {H$ `h
~Q>bmoB© Iy>~ Omoa go \|$H$ Xo & {H$gr H$m Jwñgm ghZo Ho$ {bE dh Zht h¡ & Cgo `h ^r gwY
Zht {H$ A^r ~¡R>o-~¡R>o AnZo n{V Ho$ ~mao _| H¡$gr ào_nyU© Am¡a ^bmB© H$s ~mV| gmoM ahr
Wr &
""Š`m|? ~mob ^r Zht gH$Vr? (dh Hw$N> Zhr§ ~mobr &'')
""Vmo AÀN>r ~mV h¡ & ImZm H$moB© ^r Zht ImòJm &'' `h H$hH$a H$mqbXr n¡a nQ>H$Vo
Mbm J`m &
H$mqbXrMaU {ddm{hV h¡, dh EH$ ~ÀMm Imo MwH$m h¡ & CgH$s ~mV H$m Xb _|
AmXa h¡ & XmoñVmo§ Ho$ gmW AmV§H$, ñdmV§ÌVm g§Jm« _ H$mo boH$a Hw$N> ~mV| hmo ahr Wr & V^r
CgZo H$hm - ""Amn bmoJm| H$mo ^yI Zhr§ bJr h¡ Š`m? CZH$s V~r`V Iam~ h¡, Bggo `hm±
Vmo ImZm ~Zm Zht & ~VmAmo Š`m {H$`m Om`? hmobQ> Mb|?''
EH$ Zo H$hm {H$ Hw$N> ~mOma go `hr _§Jm boZm Mm{hE & Xÿgao H$s am` hmoQ>b MbZo
H$s Wr & Bg Vah H$s ~mVm| _| bJo Wo {H$ gwZX§ m Zo EH$ ~‹S>r Wmbr _| ImZm namogH$a CZHo$
~rM bm aIm, nmZr Ho$ ½bmg aI§ {XE Am¡a MwnMmn Mbr JB© & H$mqbXr H$mo O¡go {H$gr
Zo H$mQ> {b`m & XmoñVm| Zo g_P {b`m {H$ BZ XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM VZmd n‹S>m h¡ & EH$ Zo H$hm
- ""H$mqbXr Vw_ Vmo H$hVo Wo ImZm Zht h¡ &''
""_oam _Vb~ H$m\$s Zht h¡ &''
Xÿgao Zo H$hm - ""~hþV H$m\$s h¡ & g~ Mb OmòJm &'' A§Xa OmH$a H$mqbXr Zo
gwZX§ m go H$hm - ""`h Vw_go {H$gZo H$hm Wm {H$ ImZm dhm± bo AmAmo? _¢Zo Š`m H$hm Wm?
Mbmo, CR>m bmAmo Wmbr h_o {H$gr H$mo `hm± Zht ImZm h¢ hmoQ>b Om`|Jo &''
gwZX§ m Hw$N> Zht ~mobr & H$mqbXr ^r Jw_gw_ I‹S>m ahm & Vah-Vah H$s ~mV| CgHo$
_Z _| AmVr ^r & Cgo AnZm An_mZ _mby_ hmo ahm Wm Am¡a An_mZ Aghm` Wm &
""gwZVr Zhr hmo {H$ H$moB© Š`m H$h ahm h¡ ? Š`m| ?''
gwZX§ m Zo _±hw \o$a {b`m, dh ^rVa-hr-^rVa KwQ> ahr Wr & Yr_o ñda _| H$hm -
ImAmoJo Zhr§? EH$ Vmo ~O J`m h¡ &
H$mqbXr Zo Y_H$s Ho$ gmW nyN>m - ""ImZm Am¡a h¡ ? AÀN>m AMma bmAmo & CgZo
AMma bm {X`m & AnZo {bE CgZo Hw$N> ^r ~MmH$a Zht aIm Wm & dh AnZo go éï> hmo
JB© & CgH$m _Z H$R>mao hþAm, ñdm{^_mZ H$m ^md OmJ CR>m, H$S>dmhQ> n¡Xm hþB© & Cgo bJm
XoImo,§ CÝhm|Zo EH$ ~ma ^r Zht nyN>m {H$ Vw_ Š`m ImAmoJr? Š`m dh `h gh gH$Vr Wr
{H$ _¢ Vmo ImD$ Am¡a CZHo$ {_Ì ^yIo ah| na nyN> boVo Vmo Š`m Wm & Bg ~mV na CgH$m
V{ZH$-gå_mZ Wm dh ^r Hw$Mb J`m & ñd`§ H$mo An_m{ZV H$a boVr hþB© AnZo AmnH$mo
H$mogVr h¡- ""VwPo Vmo Iwe hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ CZHo$ {bE EH$ amoO ^yIo ahZo H$m VwPo nwÊ`
{_bm & _¢ Š`m| CÝho§ ZmamO H$aVr h±ÿ A~ go ZmamO Zht H$ê±$Jr & na do AnZo VZ H$s gwY
^r Vmo Zhr§ aIVo &'' Am¡a ~V©Z _m§OZo _| bJ OmVr h¡ &
{_Ì Zo AMma _°J§ Zo H$s ~mV [H$ ""AMma bmZm ^mB©, AMma & WmoS‹ >m nmZr bmZm &''
CgH$s dmUr _| pñZ½YVm Wr & gwZX§ m Zo nmZr {X`m Am¡a Ûma H$s AmoQ> _| I‹S>r ahr
Vm{H$ n{V H$mo Hw$N> Am¡a OéaV hmo Vmo MwnMmn {X`m Om gH|$ &
3.2.2 "nËZr' H$m gm_m{OH$ nhby
"nËZr' O¡Zo§Ð Hw$_ma H$s à^mdembr H$hmZr h¡ qH$Vw CgH$m CÔoí` {H$gr
gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`m H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZm H$^r Zht ahm h¡ & do H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ Omo {df` MwZVo h¢,
dh àË`j OrdZ go hr MwZVo h¢ & {H$gr gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`m H$mo àñVwV H$aZo hoVw CÝhm|Zo
em`X hr H$moB© H$hmZr {bIr h¡ & "nËZr' H$hmZr _| gwZX§ m H$m ~ÀMm O~ go JwOam h¡ V~
go CgHo$ _Z _| CWb-nwWb _Mr ahVr h¡ & dh agmoB© ~ZmVo-~ZmVo ^r {dMma H$aZo bJVr
h¡ & Hw$N> Xoa ~mX CgH$s {dMma l¥§Ibm Qy>Q>Vr h¡ & V~ dh H$hVr h¡- ""Aao! `h Š`m _¢
Hw$N> ^r gmoMVr ahVr h±y &'' Cgo Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ n{V ñd`§ H$s Amoa Ü`mZ Zht XoV,o _oar
Am¡a ^r & em`X CZH$s bmnadmhr H$s dOh go hr _oam ~ÀMm ^r Mbm J`m & Bgr dOh
go Cgo AHo$bmnZ _hgyg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a dh CI‹S>r-CI‹S>rgr ahVr h¡ ~mX _| AnZr hr gmoM
na Cgo níMmVmn hmoVm h¡ & Bgr{bE dh AmkmZmH$mar nËZr ~ZH$a XadmOo Ho$ nmg I‹S>r
ahVr h¡ Vm{H$ n{V H$mo {H$gr MrO H$r OéaV hmo Vmo Cgo {X`m Om gHo$ & O¡ZÐ| Hw$_ma Zo
gwZX§ m H$s _mZ{gH$ pñW{V H$m Am¡a gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`m H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡ &
3.2.3 "nËZr erf©H$'
erf©H$ H$hmZr H$m _hÎdnyU© VËd h¡ & erf©H$ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go H$hmZr Ho$ A§V VH$ nhþM± m
Om gH$Vm h¡ & O¡ZÐ| H$s H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ erf©H$ Xmo go boH$a N>… eãXmo§ dmbo aho h¢ & bo{H$Z N>h
eãXm| dmbo erf©H$ H$s H$hm{Z`m± H$_ h¢ & JXa Ho$ ~mX, V_mem, gµOm Am{X CXÿ© ^mfm àYmZ
^r erf©H$ àmá hmoVo h¢ &
"nËZr' H$hmZr H$m erf©H$ VrZ eãXm| H$m h¢ & Omo H$hmZr Ho$ _w»` {df` go OwS‹ >m hþAm
h¡ & Bg H$hmZr H$m _w»` nmÌ ""gwZX§ m'' h¡ Omo ~ÀMo Ho$ J_ _| Am¡a AHo$bonZ H$s dOh go h_oem
{dMmam| _| Sy>~r ahVr h¡ & gmoMVo-gmoMVo Cgo AMmZH$ Ü`mZ AmVm h¡ {H$ Xmo ~OZo Amò h¢ qH$Vw
n{V A^r VH$ ^moOZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE Zht Amò & CÝh| Z ImZo H$s {\$H«$ Z _oar {\$H«$ & _oar

Vmo I¡a Hw$N> Zht na AnZo VZ H$m Vmo Ü`mZ aIZm Mm{hE & Eogr hr ~onadmhr go Vmo dh ~ÀMm
Mbm J`m & CgH$m _Z {H$VZm ^r BYa-CYa S>mb o o na AHo$bo O~ hmoVr h¡, V~ ^Q>H$ H$a
dh _Z A§V _| Cgr ~ÀMo Ho$ A^md na Am nh±Mþ Vr h¡ & Bg H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go O¡ZÐ| Zo
_Z Ho$ EH$mH$snZ go Cg_| CR>Zdo mbo {dMmam| H$mo Am¡a CZgo _wŠV hmoZo H$s ^mdZm H$mo ì`ŠV
{H$`m h¡ & Bg g§{já erf©H$ _| {df` H$s ì`mnH$Vm Am¡a ì`§OH$Vm pñWV h¡ A§VV…& `h
ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ `h erf©H$ O¡ZÐ| H$s AÝ` aMZmAm| Ho$ erf©H$mo Ho$ g_mZ gmW©H$ Am¡a
g_w{MV ^r h¡ &

* "nËZr'H$hmZr Ho$ gm_m{OH$ nhOy H$m dU©Z H$s{OE &
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* "nËZr'H$hmZr H$s ^mfme¡br na àH$me S>m{bE &
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* H$hmZr H$s H$WmdñVw g§jno _| {b{IE &
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* gwZX§ m H$s _mZ{gH$ pñW[V H$m dU©Z H$s{OE &
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* gwZ§Xm H$m M[aÌ-{MÌU
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* "nËZr' H$hmZr H$m erf©H$
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* H$mqbXrMaU
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(J) EH$ dmŠ`r` CÎma dmbo àíZ
* gwZX§ m Ho$ n{V H$m Zm_ Š`m h¡?
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* gwZX§ m H$mo {H$g ~mV H$m gX_m nhþM ± m Wm?
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* "npËZ' H$hmZr Ho$ boIH$ H$m Zm_ {b{IE ?
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(K) g§X^© ñnï>rH$aU -
* ""ImZo dmbo h_ Mma bmoJ h¢, ImZm hmo J`m?''
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* ""XoImo,§ A~ Xmo ~O|Jo & CÝh| Z ImZo H$s {\$H«$ h¡ Z _oar {\$H«$ & ....''
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* ""Mbmo, CR>m bmAmo Wmbr & h_o {H$gr H$mo `hm± Zht ImZm h¡ &''
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* ""Vah-Vah H$s ~mV| CgHo$ _Z _| Am¡a H§$R> _| AmVr Wr & Cgo ....''
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3.4 gmam§e
"nËZr' O¡ZÐ| Ûmam a{MV H$hmZr h¡ & Bg H$hmZr _| gwZX§ m Am¡a H$mqbXrMaU n{V-
nËZr h¡§ & H$mqbXrMaU CJ« Xb H$s Amoa go ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m_ H$m ZoV¥Ëd H$aVo h¢ & Bgr dOh
go Z Vmo nËZr Am¡a Z ñd`§ H$s Am¡a Ü`mZ Xo nmVo h¢ & nËZr H$mo bJVm h¡ Bgr dOh go
CgH$m ~ÀMm ^r OmVm ahm & ~ÀMo Ho$ OmZo Ho$ ~mX gwZ§Xm {~ëHw$b AHo$bo n‹S> OmVr h¡
& ha H$m_ H$mo H$aVo g_` ~rM _| hr gmoMZo bJ OmVr h¡ & ~ÀMo H$s dhr ~mV| `mX AmVr
h¢ & do ~‹S> r ß`mar Am±I,§o N>mQo >r-N>mQo >r C§J{b`m± Am¡a ZÝh| ZÝh| Am|R> `mX AmVo h¢ &
AIo{b`m± `mX AmVr h¢ & g~go Á`mXm CgH$m _aZm `mX AmVm h¡ &
~ÀMo H$s `mX go dh _Mb CR>Vr h¡ & V~ dh {dˆb hmoH$a Am±I nm|N>Vr h¡ Am¡a
Vwa§V BYa-CYa H$o {H$gr H$m_ _| AnZo H$mo CbPm boZm MmhVr h¡ & Cgr g_`
H$mqbXrMaU AnZo XmoñVm| Ho$ gmW ^moOZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE AmVo h¡§ &
H$mqbÝXr Zo H$hm - ""gwZVr hmo VrZ AmX_r _oao gmW Am¡a h¡§ & ImZm ~Z gH|$ Vmo
H$hmo Zhr Vmo BVZo _| hr H$m_ Mbm b|Jo &'' gwZ§Xm Hw$N> ^r Zht ~mobr & CgHo$ _Z _| ~ohX
Jwñgm CR>Zo bJm & ò _wPgo j_màmWu go Š`m| ~mV H$a aho h¢, h±gH$ma Š`m| Zht H$h XoV-o
""Hw$N> Am¡a ImZm ~Zm Xmo & O¡go _| J¡a h±ÿ & AÀN>r ~mV h¡, Vmo _¢ ^r Jwbm_ Zht h±ÿ {H$
BZHo$ hr H$m_ _| bJr ah±ÿ & _¢ Zht OmZVr ImZm-dmZm Am¡a Mwn ahr &''
~mX _| gwZX§ m H$mo Š`m bJm ? {H$ ~Zm`m hþAm gmam ImZm EH$ Wmbr _| namogH$a
AmJo Ho$ H$_ao _| bo OmH$a aI {X`m h¡ {\$a AmMma bo OmVr h¡ & nmZr Ho$ ½bmg aIVr
h¡ Am¡a gmW hr XadmOo H$s AmoQ> _| OmH$a I‹S>r hmo OmVr h¡ Vm{H$ n{V H$mo {H$gr MrO
H$s OéaV hmo Vmo Cgo Vwa§V Xo gH|$ &
O¡Z|Ð Zo Bg H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go "nËZr' Ho$ _Z _| CR>Zo dmbr IrO, CgHo$
AHo$bonZ H$mo ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡ & gmW hr gwZX§ m H$mo AnZo nËZr Y_© H$m ^r ñ_aU {Xbm {X`m &
3.5 eãXmW©
A°J§ rR>r - Myëho H$s AmJ
{dˆb - naoemZ
Amdoe - OëX~mOr, H«$moY, CÎmo{OV hmoZm
_m°OZm - ~V©Z gm\$ H$aZm
H$hH$hm bJZm - Omoa go h±gZm

* O¡ZÐ| H$s ñÌr nmÌ àYmZ AÝ` H$hm{Z`m| H$m n[aM` Xr{OE &
* gwZX§ m H$s _Z…pñW{V H$m A§H$Z H$s{OE&
* O¡ZÐ| H$s H$hm{Z`m| H$s gyMr V¡`ma H$s{OE &

BH$mB© - 4
nyg H$s amV - ào_M§X
AZwH$« _
4.0 CÔoí`
4.1 àñVmdZm
4.2 {df` - {ddaU
H$hmZr - nyg H$s amV
4.2.1 nyg H$s amV H$m `WmW©dmXr Ñ{ï>H$moU
4.2.2 "nyg H$s amV' - erf©H$
4.4 gmam§e
4.5 eãXmW©
4.0 CÔoí`
* ào_M§X Ho$ J«m_rU OrdZ go g§~§{YV Ñ{ï>H$moU go n[a{MV hm|Jo &
* gm_§VdmXr OrdZ H$s dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo g_P|Jo &
* Bg H$hmZr Ho$ Ûmam gm_m{OH$-`WmW© H$mo g_P|Jo &
4.1 àñVmdZm
H$hmZr Am¡a CnÝ`mg Ho$ joÌ _| ào_M§X H$m Zm_ AJ«Ur ahm h¡ & H$Wm gm{hË` Ho$
Ûmam OrdZ, g_mO, _mZdr` g§dXo Zm Am{X H$mo A{^ì`pŠV XoH$a do Ho$db CnÝ`mg
g_«mQ> hr Zht H$hmZr g_«mQ> ^r _mZo OmVo h¡ & qhXr H$Wm gm{hË` H$s MMm© ào_M§X H$mo
Q>mbH$a g§^d hr Zht h¡ & dmñV{dH$Vm `h h¡ {H$ ào_M§X nyd© H$mb _| Z H$hmZr H$bm go
bmoJm| H$m gmjmËH$ma hþAm Wm, Z {df` Am¡a H$Wm H$s {d{dYVmAm| go n[aM` hþAm Wm
& Bg H$mb _| gñVo _ZmoaO§ ZH$mar Omgygr, {Vbñ_r VWm Eo`mar H$Wm gm{hË` H$m àMbZ
Wm & ào_M§X Zo O~ go H$hmZr {bIZm àma§^ {H$`m V~ go H$hmZr Ho$ joÌ _| EH$ ZB© H«$m§{V
hþB© &
OrdZâ AWH$ g§fK© H$m gm_Zm H$aVo ahZo Ho$ ~m~OyX CÝhm|Zo EH$ XO©Z CnÝ`mg,
CXÿ© Am¡a qhXr _| {_bmH$a gmT>o Mma gm¡ go A{YH$ H$hm{Z`m±, {Z~§Y, h§g Zm_H$ n{ÌH$m
H$m g§nmXZ Am{X {dnwb Ed§ loð> boIZ {H$`m h¡ & gZ 1915 Ho$ ~mX "ào_M§X' Zm_ go
H$hm{Z`m± {bIVo aho & gá gamoO, ào_ nMrgr, ào_ ny{U©_m, ào_ n§M_r Am{X 25 go
A{YH$ H$hmZr g§Jh« à{gÕ h¡ & BÝh| "_mZgamda' Ho$ AmR> I§S>mo _| g§J{« hV {H$`m J`m h¢
& CZH$s CXÿ© Am¡a qhXr H$s H$hm{Z`m| H$s g§»`m A{YH$ h¢ &
4.2 {df` {ddaU
H$hmZr- "nyg H$s amV'
hëHy$ Zo AmH$a ñÌr go H$hm - ""ghZm Am`m h¡ & bmAmo, Omo énò aIo h¢; Cgo
Xo Xÿ± {H$gr Vah Jbm Vmo Ny>Q>o & ^wÞr PmSy> bJm ahr Wr & nrN>o {\$aH$a ~mobr - ""VrZ hr
Vmo énò h¢, Xo XmoJo Vmo H$å~b H$hm± go AmdoJm & _mK nyg H$s amV hma _| H¡$go H$Q>oJr Cggo
H$h Xmo, \$gb na Xo X|Jo & A^r Zht &''
hëHy$ EH$ jU I‹S>m ahH$a {dMma H$aZo bJm & nyg {ga na Am J`m H$å~b Ho$
{~Zm nyg H$s amV H¡$go H$Q>Jo r? _Ja ghZm H$s KwS‹ > {H$`m| Am¡a Vm{b`m| go S>aH$a hëHy$ Zo
_wÞr H$s Iwem_X H$aVo hþE H$hm - ""bm Xo, Xo {H$gr Vah Vmbm Ny>Q>o & H$å~b Ho$ {bò
Xÿgam Cnm` gmoMy±Jm &''
_wÞr Jwñgo _| ~mobr- ""Oam gwZy± Vmo H$m¡Z Cnm` H$amoJo ? Z OmZo {H$VZm ~mH$s h¡,
Omo {H$gr Vah MwH$Zo _| hr Zht AmVm & Vw_ IoVr N>mS‹o > Š`m| Zhr§ XoVo ? _¢ énò Z XÿJ± r
- Z Xÿ±Jr &''
hëHy$ Zo CXmg hmoH$a H$hm - ""Vmo Š`m Jmbr ImD$?'' _wÞr Zo OmH$a VmH$ na aIo
n¡go bmH$a hëHy$ H$mo {XE& hëHy$ Zo énò {bò Am¡a Bg Vah ~mha Mbm J`m _mZmo AnZm
öX` {ZH$mbH$a XoZo Om ahm hmo & CgZo EH$-EH$ n¡gm H$mQ>-H$mQ>H$a VrZ énò H$å~b Ho$
{bò O_m {H$E Wo & dh AmO {ZH$bo Om aho Wo & CgH$m EH$-EH$ nJ XrZVm Ho$ ^ma go
X~m Om ahm Wm & Am{Ia nyg H$s amV Am hr JB© &''
AmH$me na Vmao {R>R>w aVo _mby_ hmoVo Wo & hëHy$ AnZo IoV Ho$ {H$Zmao D$I Ho$ nÎmm|
H$s EH$ N>Var Ho$ ZrMo ~m±g Ho$ IQ>mobo na AnZr nwamZr Jm‹T>o H$s MmXa Amo‹T>o n‹S>m H$m±n ahm
Wm & ImQ> Ho$ ZrMo CgH$m Hw$Îmm O~am noQ> _| _w±h S>mb| H±y$-Hy±$ H$a ahm Wm & XmoZm| ^r gmo
Zht gHo$ &
hëHy$ - ""Š`m| O~am, Om‹S>m bJVm h¡? H$hVm Vmo Wm, Ka _| nwAmb na boQ>m ah
Vmo `hm± Š`m boZo Amò Wo & A~ ImAmo R>ÊS>, _¢ Š`m H$é ?''
H±y$-H±y$ H$aVo hþE XrK© OåhmB© boH$a dh Mwn hmo J`m & hëHy$ A~ VH$ AmR> {Mb_
nr MwH$m, {H$gr Vah amV Vmo H$Q> gHo$ & EH$ -EH$ ^m½`dmZ Eogo n‹S>o h¢, {OZHo$ nmg Om‹S>m
Om` Vmo J_u go Kb~am H$a ^mJ| & _moQ>-o _moQ>o JÔo, {bhm\$, H$å~b! _Omb h¡, Om‹S>o H$m
JwOa hmo Om` & VH$Xra H$s Iy~r h¡ & _Oyar h_ H$a| _Om Xÿgao byQ>| &
hëHy$ {Mb_ â H$a nrVm Vmo O~am ^r ~ma-~ma CR> ~¡R>Vm & hëHy$ H$hVm-
""AmO Am¡a Om‹S>m Im bo & H$b go _¢ `hm± nwAmb {~N>m XÿJ± m...'' Cgo WnWnmVm ahm
CgHo$ Xoh go XþJªY Am ahr Wr & JmoX _| O~am AmZ§X bo ahm Wm & {H$gr AmhQ> H$mo gwZH$a
dh ^m¢H$Zo bJm & H$V©ì` CgHo$ öX` _o Aa_mZ H$s ^m±{V CN>mb ahm Wm &
amV _| R>ÊS>H$ ~‹T> JB©, A^r amV ~mH$s h¡ gá{f© Amg_mZ _| AmYo ^r Zht M‹T>o h¡ & bJ
ahm Wm [H$ gmam aŠV O_ J`m h¡, Y_{Z`m| _| aŠV H$s OJh {h_ ~h ahm h¡ & ZtX H¡$go
AmVr ?
hëHy$ Ho$ IoV Ho$ EH$ Q>ßno _| Am_m| H$m ~mJ Wm & nVP‹S> go ‹T>oa O_ J`m Wm &
gmoMVm h¡ n{Îm`m| H$mo ObmH$a Ja_r n¡Xm H$ê±$ & H$moB© OmZda {N>nm ~¡R>Zo H$m Cgo S>a h¡
Bg{bE Aaha Ho$ IoV go nm¡Yo CR>mH$a ~JrMo H$s Va\$ CÝh| gwbJmVm hþAm boH$a Am`m,
nmg Am`m O~am Xw_ {hbmZo bJm &
hëHy$ Zo AmJ O_rZ na aIr Xr n{Îm`m± ~Q>mao br, hmW-n¡a R>ÊS> go Jbo Om aho
Wo & Abmdm Ho$ gm_Zo ~¡R>m dh R>ÊS> H$mo bbH$ma ahm Wm - ""Š`m| Oã~a, A~ R>§S> Zht
bJ ahr h¡! CgZo nyN> {hbmB©, Voao Or _| Amò gmo H$a &''
n{Îm`m± Ob MwH$s Wr & ~JrMo _| A§Yao m N>m J`m Wm & hëHy$ Zo MmXa AmoT> br Am¡a
JrV JwZJwZmZo bJm & O~am ^m¢H$Vo hþE IoV H$s Amoa ^mJm, Zrb Jm`m| H$m PwÊS> Wm, do
IoV _| Ma ahr Wr & {\$a hëHy$ gmoMVm h¡ - O~am Ho$ hmoVo H$moB© OmZda IoV _| Zht Am gH$Vm....
O~am, O~am H$mo AmdmO bJm`r & O~am CgHo$ nmg Z Am`m & OmZda IoV Ma aho Wo & \$gb V¡`ma h¡,
gd©Zme H$a S>mb|Jo AV… hëHy$ nŠH$m BamXm H$aHo$ CR>m qH$Vw R>ÊS>r {~ÀNy> Ho$ S>H§ $-gr bJr & O~am
Jbm \$m‹S>Vm ahm, Zrb Jm`m| Zo IoV H$m g\$m`m H$a {X`m Wm & MÔa AmoT‹ >o gmo J`m & Yyn \¡$br Wr,
ZtX Iwbr hëHy$ Zo H$hm - ""_aVo-_aVo _¢ ~Mm VwPo AnZo IoV H$s n‹S>r h¡ & noQ> _| Eogm XX© hþAm
{H$ _¢ hr OmZVm h±ÿ &'' XmoZm| {\$a IoV H$s _oS> na Amò & XoIm, gmam IoV am¢Xm n‹S>m h¡ Am¡a O~am
_‹S`>¡ m Ho$ ZrMo {MÎmboQ>m h¡ _mZmo àmU hr Z hm| &
_wÞr Am¡a hëHy$ XmoZm| IoV H$s Xem XoI aho Wo & _wÞr Ho$ _wI na CXmgr N>m`r Wr na hëHy$
àgÞ Wm &
qM{VV hmoH$a _wÞr Zo H$hm - ""A~ _Oyar H$aHo$ _mbJwOmar âZr n‹S>Jo r &''
hëHy$ Zo àgÞ hmoH$a H$hm - ""amV H$s R>ÊS> _| gmoZm Vmo Z n‹S>oJm &''
4.2.1 "nyg H$s amV' `WmW©dmXr H$hmZr
ào_M§X H$mo AmXem]Ý_wI `WmW©dmXr H$hmZrH$ma H$hm OmVm h¡ & ào_M§X `wJrZ
gwYmadmXr Am§XmobZm| Zd OmJaUH$mb Ho$ {dMmam|, ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ Am§XmobZ H$s Ë`mJ_`Vm
Zo CÝh| AmXe©dmXr ~Zm`m Wm & Agb _| ào_M§X g_mO Ho$ `WmW© H$mo {OVZr gyú_Vm go
OmZVo Wo, CVZr Iy~r go em`X hr H$moB© OmZVm hmo & ào_M§X H$s aMZmAm| _| `WmW© Ho$ gmW
AmXe© Ed§ g_ñ`m Ho$ gmW-gmW Cggo _wpŠV Ho$ gwPmd ^r h¡ &
ào_M§X H$s "nyg H$s amV' H$hmZr _| `WmW© H$m {Og VQ>ñWVm Ho$ gmW {MÌU hþAm
h¡, dh CZ Ho$ aMZm H$m¡eb H$m AZwn_ Z_yZm h¡ & hëHy$ H$m _ohZV-_OXÿar H$a noQ> H$mQ>-
H$mQ>H$a EH$-EH$ nogm BH$Å>m H$aZm Vm{H$ nyg H$s R>§ÊS> go ~MZo Ho$ {bE EH$ H$å~b
IarXm Om gHo$ & qH$Vw ghZm Ho$ AmVo hr O¡go g~ Hw$N> IË_ hmo OmVm h¡ & hëHy$ CgH$s
YwS>{H$`m| go N>a OmVm h¡ Am¡a MwnMmn VrZ énò bmH$a CgHo$ hmW _| aI XoVm h¡ & énò
XoZo Ho$ ~mX O¡go hëHy$ Ho$ eara _| àmU hr Zht ahVo h¡ & _wÞr H«$moY _| H$hVr h¡- ""Z OmZo
{H$VZm ~mH$s h¡, Omo {H$gr Vah MwH$Zo hr Zht AmVr &'' Bg H$hmZr _| ào_M§X Zo O_tXmar
Ed§ emofU H$m {MÌU {H$`m h¡ & {H$gmZ EH$ ~ma {H$gr go gyX na n¡gm CYma bo boVm Vmo
gmV nwíVo ^r Cg nogo H$mo AXm Zht H$a nmVm Wr Š`m§{o H$ {OVZm {X`m OmVm Wm, dh Vmo
Ho$db ã`mO hþAm H$aVm Wm & _wÔb Vmo d¡go hr ahm OmVr Wr & Bgr dOh go {H$gmZm| H$s pñW{V
_| gwYma Zht hmoVm Wm &
nyg H$s amV _| hëHy$ O~am H$mo boH$a IoV H$s aIdmbr H$aZo Ho$ {bò OmVm h¡ &
R>§S> go ~MZo Ho$ {bE CgHo$ nmg EH$ MmXa Ho$ {gdm Hw$N>> Zht h¡ & H$^r dh O~am H$mo
AnZr JmoXr _| CR>m boVm h¡, H$^r noS‹ >m| H$s n{Îm`m| H$mo BH$Ç>m H$a Cggo AmJ VmnZo H$s
H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡ & Hw$N> g_` Ho$ {bò Cgo AÀN>m bJVm h¡ na§Vw {\$a R>§S>r hdm Ho$ PmoHo$
eara _| H±$n-H±$nr n¡Xm H$aVo h¡§& hëHy$-O~am go H$hVm h¡ & `h am±S> nNw>Am Z OmZo H$hm±
go ~a\$ {bò Am ahr h¡ & CRy>±, {\$a EH$ {Mb_ ^é± & {H$gr Vah amV Vmo H$Q>o & AmR>
{Mb_ Vmo nr MwH$m h±ÿ & `h IoVr H$m _Om & hëHy$ Ho$ gmW O~é ^r I>Vo H$s aIdmbr
Ho$ {bE OmVm h¡ & bo{H$Z IoV _| OmVo hr XmoZm§o H$mo BVZr R>§S> bJVr h¡ {H$ hëHy$ KwQ>Zm|
_| JaXZ S>mbH$a ~¡R>Vm h¡ & {\$a ^r CgH$s R>S§ > Zht OmVr & O~am hëHy$ Ho$ nmg AnZm
_±hw bo AmH$a AmVm h¡ & O~am H$s J_© gm°g§ | hëHy$ H$mo R>S§ > _| amhV XoVr h¡ & O~am Zo hëHy$
H$s Amoa ào_ go N>bH$Vr hþB© Am°Im| go XoIm &
hëHy$- ""AmO Am¡a OmS>m Im bo & H$b go _¢ `hm± nwAmb {~N>m Xÿ±Jm Cgr _|
KwgH$a ~¢R>Zm, V~ Om‹S>m Z bJoJm & qH$Vw OmoS‹ >o _| Z Vmo hëHy$ H$mo ZtX AmVr h¡ Z O~am
H$mo & H$^r Bg H$adQ> boVm Vmo H$^r Cg H$adQ>, na Om‹S>m {H$gr {nemM H$s ^m±{V CgH$s
N>mVr H$mo X~mE± hþE Wm &''
O~ {H$gr Vah Z ahm J`m, CgZo O~am H$mo Yrao go CR>m`m Am¡a CgHo$ {ga H$mo
WnWnmH$a Cgo AnZr JmoX _| gwbm {b`m & Cgo Hw$Îmo H$s Xoh go OmZo H¡$gr XþJªY Am ahr
Wr qH$Vw Bg R>ÊS> _| Cgo BVZm gwI H$m AZw^d hmo ahm Wm Omo BYa _hrZm| go Cgo Z {_bm
Wm & O~am em`X g_P ahm Wm {H$ ñdJ© `hr h¡ Am¡a hëHy$ H$s n{dÌ AmË_m _| Vmo Cgo
Hw$Îmo Ho$ à{V K¥Um H$s J§Y VH$ Z Wr & O~am Zo {H$gr OmZda H$s AmhQ> nmB© & R>§S> Ho$
~mdOyX Cg_| EH$ ZB© ñ\y${V© n¡Xm hþB© & dh PnQ>H$a CRm> Am¡a N>nar Ho$ ~mha AmH$ma
^m¢H$Zo bJm & hëHy$ Zo Cgo H$B© ~ma nwMH$maH$a ~wbm`m, na dh CgHo$ nmg Z Am`m & IoV
_| Mmam| Va\$ Xm‹¡S>-Xm¡‹S>H$a dh ^m¢H$Vm ahm & hëHy$ H$mo nÎmm| Ho$ IS>IS>mhQ> H$s AmdmO
AmVr h¡ & dh g_P OmVm h¡ IoV _| ZrbJm` Kwg Am`r h¡§ & CZHo$ Hy$XZo-Xm¡S>Zo H$s
AmdmO| H$mZ _o gm\$ gwZmB© Xo ahr Wr Eogm _mby_ hþAm {H$ IoV _| Ma ahr h¡ {\$a _Z
_o gmoMm {H$ O~am Ho$ hmoVo hþE H$moB© OmZda IoV _| Zht Am gH$Vm & CgZo Omoa go AmdmO
bJmB©-O~am-O~am O~am ^m¡H§ $Vm ahm& CgHo$ nmg Z Am`m & OmZda IoV Ma aho Wo &
\$gb V¡`ma h¡ & na ò, Xþï> OmZda CgH$m gd©Zme {H$E S>mbVo h¢ &
hëHy$ nŠH$m BamXm H$aHo$ CR>m Am¡a Xmo-VrZ H$X_ Mbm, na EH$mEH$ hdm H$m Eogm
R>§S>m Mw^Zodmbm, {~ÀNy> Ho$ S>§H$ gm PmoH$m bJm {H$ dh {\$a ~wPVo hþE Abmdm Ho$ nmg Am
~¡R>m& O~am Jbm \$mS>H$a ^m¢H$Vm ahm & hëHy$ MmXa AmoT>H$a gmo J`m & g~oao O~ CgH$s
ZtX Iwbr, V~ Mmam| Amoa Yyn \¡$b JB© Wr Am¡a _wÞr H$h ahr Wr - ""Š`m AmO gmoVo hr
ahm§Jo ,o Vw_ `hm± AmH$ma gmo JE& CYa gmam IoV Mm¡nQ> hmo J`m &''
hëHy$ Zo H$hm - ""Š`m Vy IoV go hmoH$a Am ahr h¡ & _wÞr ~mobr - ""gmam IoV Mm¡nQ>
hmo J`m &''
XmoZm| {\$a IoV H$s _oS> na Amò, {XIm gmam IoV am¡Xm n‹S>m h¡ & `h IoVr H$m _Om
h¡ & Am¡a EH$ ^m½`dmZ Eogo n‹S> o h¢ {OZHo$ nmg OmS>m OmE Vmo Ja_r go K~amH$a ^mJo &
_moQ>o-_moQ>o JÔo {bhm\$, H$å~b, _Omb h¡, Om‹S>o H$m JwOa hmo OmE& VH$Xra H$s Iy~r h¡ &
_Oyar h_ H$a|, _Om Xÿgao byQ>o & ào_M§X Zo Bg H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ^maVr` H¥$fH$ OrdZ
H$s dmñV{dH$ pñW[V H$m {MÌU {H$`m h¡ &
4.2.2 "nyg H$s amV' H$m erf©H$
erf©H$ H$hmZr H$m _hÎdnyU© VËd h¡ & ào_M§X H$s H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ erf©H$
àm`… g§{já Am¡a ì`§OH$ hmoVo h¢ & erf©H$ nmR>H$ H$mo grYo H$hmZr H$s Amoa bo MbVo h¢ & ào_M§X
H$s H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ erf©H$ EH$ go N>…R> eãXmo§ dmbo aho h¢ & CZH$s H$hmZr _| CXÿ© eãXm| H$s
^r àYmZVm ahr h¡ &
"nyg H$s amV' H$hmZr H$m erf©H$ VrZ eãXm| H$m h¡ & `h erf©H$ H$hmZr Ho$ _w»`
{df` go Vmo OwS‹ >m h¡ hr dh AnZo AW© _| ì`§OZm H$m {Z_m©U H$aZo _| ^r g_W© h¡ &
H$hmZr Ho$ à_wI nmÌ h¢ - hëHy$, _wÞr, O~am & H$hmZr H$m H|$Ð q~Xþ hëHy$ Am¡a
O~am h¡ & Š`m| {H$ nyg H$s amV H$m gm_Zm AnZo _m{bH$ Ho$ gmW O~am H$mo ^r H$aZm
n‹S>Vm h¡ & hëHy$ nyg H$s R>§S>r amV _| IoV _| \$gb H$s aIdmbr Ho$ {bE OmVm h¡ & _m{bH$
Ho$ gmW CgH$m d\$mXma O~am ^r IoV _| OmVm h¡ qH$Vw nyg H$s R>ÊS> amV _| hëHy$ Am¡a
O~am XmoZm| AH$S> Ho$ ah OmVo h¢ & CÝh| Zrb Jm` IoV _| MaZo H$s AmdmO AmVr h¡ & O~am
^m¢H$Vm h¡ & hëHy$ {hå_V H$aHo$ CR>Vm h¡ & bo{H$Z hdm H$m Pm¢H$m CgHo$ ~XZ _| Eogr H±$n-
H±$nr \¡$bm XoVm h¡ {H$ dh nwZ… AnZr OJh na AmH$a gmo OmVm h¡ & gw~h CR>H$a XoIVm
h¡ gmao IoV H$s \$gb Zï> hmo MwH$s Wr na Cgo Iwer Wr {H$ Cgo "nyg H$s amV' _| IoV H$s
aIdmbr Ho$ {bò Vmo Z AmZm n‹S>Jo m &
* ào_M§X Zo nyg H$s amV H$hmZr _| `WmW© H$m {MÌU {H$`m h¡?
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* Bg H$hmZr H$s H$WmdñVw g§jno _| {b{IE &
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* nyg H$s amV H$m à_wI nmÌ hëHy$ h¡ - {ddoMZ H$r{OE &
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* H$hmZr H$s _w»` g_ñ`m H$m {ddoMZ H$s{OE &
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* hëHy$ H$s M[aÌJV {deofVm
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* "nyg H$s amV' erf©H$
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* H$hmZr H$s ^mfme¡br
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* H$å~b Ho$ {bE hëHy$ Zo {H$VZo énò O_m {H$E Wo?
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* hëHy$ H$m gmWr - Hw$Îmo H$m Zm_ Š`m h¡?
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* _wÞr H$m¡Z h¡ ?
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* hëHy$ Am¡a O~am Zo nyg H$s amV H¡$go H$mQ>r ?
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* ""VrZ hr Vmo énò h¡, Xo XmoJo Vmo H$å_b H$hm± go AmdoJm?''
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* ""Š`m| O~am, Om‹S>m bJVm h¡ ....''
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* _¢ hr OmZVm h±ÿ &''
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* ""amV H$s R>ÊS> _| gmoZm Vmo Z n‹S>Jo m &''
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4.4 gmam§e
"nyg H$s amV' ào_M§X Ûmam a{MV H$hmZr h¡ & Bg H$hmZr _| ào_M§X Zo nyg H$s
^`§H$a Om‹S> o H$s amV _| ~J¡a H$å~b Ho$ EH$ {H$gmZ H$s Š`m XþamdñWm hmoVr h¡ CgH$m dU©Z
{H$`m h¡ & ^maVr` H¥$fH$ àmMrZH$mb go O_tXmar àWm H$m {eH$ma hmoVm Am`m h¡ & "nyg
H$s amV' H$hmZr _o hëHy$ Zm_H$ {H$gmZ Ho$ nydO © m| Zo {H$gr g_` H$O© {b`m hmoJm & {Ogo
hëHy$ AmO ^r \$gb Ho$ _mÜ`_ go AXm H$a h¡, qH$Vw H$O© h¡ {H$ H$^r MwH$Zo H$m Zm_ hr
Zht boVm & hëHy$ _OXÿar H$aHo$ noQ> H$mQ>-H$mQ>H$a VrZ énò BH$Æ>m H$aVm h¡ Vm{H$ O~
\$gb nH$ OmòJr V~ O§Jbr OmZdam| go IoV H$s ajm H$aZo Ho$ {bE R>§S> go ~MZo Ho$ {bò
H$å~b H$s OéaV n‹S> oJr qH$Vw ghZm XadmOo na AmH$a n¡go Ho$ {bE A‹S> OmVm h¡ & hëHy$
H$mo bJVm h¡ _wPo R>S§ > _| _aZm _§Oay h¡ na ghZm H$s Jm{b`m± Am¡a KwS‹ > {H$`m± _wPo Zht gwZZm
h¡ Bgr{bE _wÞr go n¡go boH$a MwnMmn ghZm Ho$ hmW _| aI XoVm h¡ & Am{Ia nyg H$s amV
Am hr OmVr h¡ & hëHy$ O~am H$mo boH$a IoV H$s aIdmbr Ho$ {bE OmVm h¡ & CgHo$ nmg
Ho$db EH$ MmXa h¡ {Oggo dh R>§S> na H$m~y Zht nm gH$Vm & hëHy$ O~am H$mo AnZr JmoX
_| boH$a ~¡R>Zm h¡ {\$a ^r R>§S> na H$m~y Zht nm gH$m & Bgr{bE no‹S> m| H$s n{Îm`m| H$mo BH$Æ>m
H$a Cgo ObmVo h¢ & Hw$N> Xoa VH$ J_u _hgyg hmoVr h¡ & CgHo$ ~mX {\$a R>§S>r hdm Ho$ Pm|Ho$
eara _| H±$n-H±$nr n¡Xm H$aVo h¢ & AmYr amV {~VZo Ho$ ~mX IoV na ZrbJm`m| H$m h_bm
hmoVm h¡ & O~am Omoa Omoa go ^m¢H$Vm h¡ & EH$ nb Ho$ {bE hëHy$ ^r {hå_V H$aHo$ CR>Vm h¡
& Hw$N> H$X_ hr MbVm h¡ {H$ hdm H$m Pm|H$m nyao eara _| {ghaZ n¡Xm H$a XoVm h¡ & dh nwZ…
dmng AmH$a gmo OmVm h¡ & gw~h CR>H$a XoIVm h¡ Vmo gmam IoV Zï> hmo MwH$m h¡ & _wÞr, hëHy$
go H$hVr h¡ g~ Hw$N> Zï> hmo J`m V~ hëHy$ àgÞ Wm Š`m|{H$ A~ Cgo Bg R>§S> _| H$_ go H$_
IoV H$s aIdmbr Vmo Zht H$aZr n‹S>Jo r &
>4.5 eãXmW©
hma - R>S§ >
KwS‹ >{H$`m± O_mZm - Am±I§o ~‹S> r-~‹S>r H$aHo$ ~mV H$aZm
Ambm - bmbQ>Zo aIZo H$s OJh
nNw>Am - npíM_ {Xem go MbZo dmbr hdm
nwAmb - nÎmo S>mbH$a Pm|nS>r V¡`ma H$aZm, Kmg
Aaha - Vwda H$s Xmb
* "nyg H$s amV H$hmZr' H$m dmVmdaU AnZo eãXm| _o§ {b{IE &
* ào_M§X H$s Bg H$hmZr H$m _yë`m§H$Z H$s{OE &
* ào_M§X H$s AmnZo n‹T>r hþB© H$hm{Z`m| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE &
* {H$gmZ Ho$ gmW gmjmËH$ma H$s{OE &

BH$mB© - 5
naXm - ènmb
AZwH$« _
5.0 CÔoí`
5.1 àñVmdZm
5.2 {df` - {ddaU
H$hmZr - naXm
5.2.1 M[aÌ-{MÌU
5.2.2 "naXm' H$m dmVmdaU
5.4 gmam§e
5.5 eãXmW©
5.0 CÔoí`
* ñdmV§Í`moÎma ^maVr` _Ü`dJ© Ho$ OrdZ go AdJV hmoZm &
* H$hmZrH$ma H$s AnZo n[adoe Ho$ à{V g_P Am¡a OrdZÑ{ï> H$mo g_PZm &
* Bg H$hmZr H$s aMZm à{H«$`m go n[aMV hmoZm &
5.1 àñVmdZm
ènmb qhXr H$hmZr gm{hË` Ho$ ào_M§X `wJ Ho$ A§{V_ MaU Ho$ H$hmZrH$mam| _|
AnZm {d{eï> ñWmZ aIVo h¡ & do dñVwV… gm_m{OH$ `WmW© H$mo _mŠg©dmXr Ñ{ï>H$moU go
àñV¥V H$aZo dmbo H$hmZrH$ma _mZo OmV h¡ & _yb ê$n go CnÝ`mgH$ma Ho$ ê$n _| M{M©V Ed§
ñWm{nV ènmb Zo AZoH$ loð> Am¡a geŠV H$hm{Z`m± {bIt & BZH$m nhbm H$hmZr g§Jh«
"qnOao H$s C‹S>mZ' gZ² 1939 B©. _| àH$m{eV hþAm & BZHo$ à{gÕ H$hmZr g§J«hm| _|
kmZXmZ, A{êá, VH©$ H$m Vw\$mZ, dmo Xþ{Z`m, \y$bm| H$m H¥$Vm©, Y_©`Õw , CÎmam{YH$mar,
CÎm_r H$s _m±, gM ~mobZo H$s ^yb, IÀMa Am¡a AmX_r Am{X C„oIZr` h¢ &
ènmb Zo AnZr H$hm{Z`m| _| Z¡{VH$ _mÝ`VmAm| Ho$ à{V à{Vð>m, `WmW© H$s
ñdrH¥${V, é{‹T>`m| Ho$ n«{V {dÐmohr, hrZ, Cno{jVm| Ed§ Aghm` bmoJm| Ho$ à{V ghmZw^{y V
Am{X H$mo {Z…g§H$moM ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡ & é{‹T>`m|> Ed§ na§nam Ho$ à{V {dÐmoh CZH$s H$hm{Z`m|
_o| AZoH$ ñWbm| na àmá hmoVm h¡ & _Ü`dJ© H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ H|$Ð _| h¡ & Ag§J{V`m|,
{damoYm^mgm|, Am§V[aH$ {damoYm§o Am¡a Xþ~b
© VmAm| Ho$ _Ü` go JwOa H$a BZH$s H$hm{Z`m±
g§VmofOZH$ bú` VH$ nhþ±MVr h¡ & àñVwV H$hmZr "naXm' _| CÝhm|Zo Eogo hr EH$
_Ü`_dJu` n[adma Ho$ Am{W©H$ ImoIbonZ, gm_m{OH$ g§Kf© Am¡a na§nam go MbVr AmB©
PyR>r _mZ-à{Vð>m H$s _mZ{gH$Vm H$m öX`ñneu {MÌU {H$`m h¡ & _Ü`_dJu` n[adma H$s
AnZr é[‹T> Am¡a na§nam Ho$ à{V ^mdwH$Vm, `WmW© OrdZ H$s V_m_ H$Qw>VmAm| Am¡a
{dS>§~ZmAm| go Vmb_ob ~¡R>mZo Ho$ Ag\$b à`mgm| H$m {MÌU Bg H$hmZr _| ~‹S> r _m{_©H$Vm
Ho$ gmW {M{ÌV {H$`m h¡ & Bg H$hmZr _| OrdZ {OZo H$m Zhr§ ~pëH$ T‹ >mZo o H$m ^md {_bVm
h¡ Omo _w»`V… ñdmV§Í`moÎma _Ü`_dJu` n[adma Ho$ _w{I`m H$m OrdZ g§Kf© h¡ & Omo amoQ>r,
H$nS>m Am¡a _H$mZ Ho$ {bE b‹S>mB© b‹S> ahm h¡ & Am{W©H$ à^mdm| Ho$ ~rM go JwOaVm dh
^yI, ~oH$mar, ~r_mar Am{X H$B© g_ñ`mAm| go EH$ gmW b‹S>Vm hþAm AnZo n[adma H$s
Am~é H$mo ~MmZo Ho$ Ag\$b à`mgm| _| OwQ>m h¡ & CgH$r {ddeVm Am¡a bmMmar H$mo H$Qw>
gÀMmB© Ho$ gmW ènmb Zo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ &
5.2 {df` {ddaU

H$hmZr- "naXm'
Mm¡Yar n[a~»e Ho$ XmXm MwJ§ r Ho$ _hH$_o _| XmamoJm Wo & Am_XZr AÀN> Wr & EH$
N>mQo >m, na nŠH$m _H$mZ ^r CÝhm|Zo ~Zdm {b`m & XmoZm| b‹S>H$m| H$mo nyar Vmbr_ Xr, XmoZm|
_¡Q´>og nma H$a aoëdo Am¡a S>mH$ImZo _| ~m~y hmo JE & Mm¡Yar gmh~ Ho$ b‹S>H$m| Ho$ ã`mh Am¡a
~mb-~ÀMo ^r hþE bo{H$Z AmohXo _§o Img VaŠH$s Zht hþB,© dhr Vrg Am¡a Mmbrg énò
_mhdma H$m XOm© &
AnZo O_mZo H$s `mX H$a Mm¡Yar gmh~ H$hVo - ""dmo ^r Š`m dŠV Wo & bmoJ
{_{S>b nmg H$a {S>ßQ>r-H$bŠQ>ar H$aVo Wo Am¡a AmOH$b H$s Vmbr_ h¡ {H$ EÊQ´>og VH$
A§J«oOr n‹T>H$a b‹S>Ho$ Vrg-Mmbrg go AmJo Zht ~T> nmVo & ~oQ>m| H$mo D±$Mo AmohXm| na XoIZo
H$m Aa_mZ {bE CÝhm|Zo Am±I§o _yX± br &''
B§emA„m, Mm¡Yar gmh~ Ho$ Hw$Z~o _| ~aH$V hþB© & Mm¡Yar \$Ob Hw$a~mZ aobdo _| H$m_
H$aVo Wo & A„mh Zo CÝh| Mma ~oQ>| Am¡a VrZ ~o{Q>`m± Xr & Mm¡Yar Bbmhr~»e S>mH$ImVo _|
Wo & CÝh| ^r A„mh Zo Mma ~oQ>| Am¡a Xmo b‹S> {H$`m± ~»er§ &
Mm¡Yar ImZXmZ AnZo _H$mZ H$mo hdobr nwH$maVm Wm & Zm_ ~‹S> m XoZo na ^r OJh H$s
V§Jr Wr & XmamoJm gmho~ Ho$ O_mZo _| OZmZm ^rVa Wm Am¡a ~mha ~¡R>H$ _| do Z¡Mm JwS‹ >JS‹w >m`m
H$aVo & OJh H$s V§Jr Ho$ H$maU ~¡R>H$ ^r OZmZo _| gm_rb hmo JB© Am¡a Ka H$s S>çmoT‹ >r na
nXm© bQ>H$ J`m & XmoZm| ^mB`m| Ho$ ~mb-~ÀM§o EH$ _H$mZ _| ahVo na ^rVa g~ AbJ-
AbJ Wm & Vrgar nr‹T> r Ho$ ã`mh-emXr hmoZo bJo & Am{Ia Mm¡Yar ImZXmZ H$s Am¡bmX
H$mo hdobr N>mo‹S>, Xÿgar OJh Vbme H$aZr n‹S>r & Mm¡Yar Bbmh~»e Ho$ ~‹S>o gmho~ OmXo
S>mH$ImZo _| ~rg énò H$s ŠbH$s© nm JE & Xÿgao AñnVmb _| H$ånmS>ÊS>a ~Z JE & Vrgao
hmoZhma Wo & dOr\$m nmH$a {_[S>b H$a ñHy$b _| _wX[a©g hmo XohmV Mbo JE & Mm¡Wo b‹S>Ho$
nra~»e àmB_ar go AmJo Z ~‹T> gHo$ & CZH$m ã`mh hmo J`m & _m¡bm Ho$ H$a_ go ~r~r H$s
JmoX ^r OëXr âr & amoOJma Ho$ Vm¡a na ImZXmZ H$s BÁOV Ho$ {bE EH$ Vob H$s {_b
_| CÝhm|Zo _we § r{Jar H$a br &
~mah én`m _hrZm A{YH$ Zht hmoVm & Mm¡Yar nra~»e H$mo _H$mZ {gVdm H$s
H$ÀMr ~ñVr _| boZm n‹S>m & _H$mZ H$m {H$am`m Xmo én`m Wm & Amgnmg Ho$ Jar~ Am¡a
H$_rZ bmoJm| H$s ~ñVr Wr & Jbr Ho$ _whmZo na bJo H$_oQ>r Ho$ Zb go Q>nH$Vo nmZr H$s
H$mbr Ymam ~hVr & Zmbr na _ÀN>am| Am¡a _pŠI`m| Ho$ ~mXb C_‹S>V§ o ahVo & gmar ~ñVr
_| Mm¡Yar nra~»e hr n‹T> o-{bIo g\o$Xnmoe Wo {g\©$ CZHo$ hr Ka H$s S²>`moT>r na nXm© Wm
& CZHo$ Ka H$s Am¡aVm| H$mo H$^r {H$gr Zo Jbr _| Zht XoIm & nra~»e IwX hr _wñH$amVo
hþE gw~h-em_ H$_oQ>r Ho$ Zb go K‹S>o â bmVo &
Mm¡Yar H$s VZ»Imh nÝÐh ~ag _| ~mah go AR>mah hmo JB© & nm±M ~ag _| nm±M
~ÀMo hþE & Ohm± ~mb-~ÀM§o Am¡a Ka-~ma hmoVm h¡, gm¡ {H$ñ_ H$s P§PQ>| hmoVr h¢ & Eogo
dŠV _| H$O© H$s Oê$aV H¡$go Z hmo? ha _hrZo H$s gmV VmarI H$mo {JZH$a VZ»dmh {_b
OmVr h¡ & noeJr go _m{bH$ H$mo {MT> h¡ & Oê$aV nS>Zo na Mm¡Yar Ka H$s N>moQ>r-_moQ>r H$moB©
MrO {Jadr aIH$a CYma bo AmVo & _wh„o _| Mm¡Yar nra~»e H$s BÁOV Wr & BÁOV H$m
AmYma Wm Ka Ho$ XadmOo na bQ>H$m naXm & H$^r ~ÀMm| H$s ItM-Im±M `m ~oXX© hdm Ho$
Pm|H$m| go Cg_| N>oX hmo OmVo Vmo hmW-gwB©-YmJm bo CgH$s _aå_V H$a XoVo & _H$mZ Ho$
S²>`mo‹T>r Ho$ {H$dmS> {~bHw$b Jb JE Wo & _H$mZ _m{bH$ gyaO nm§S>o H$mo CgH$s {\$H«$ Z Wr
& Mm¡Yar H$^r OmH$a H$hVo-gwZVo Vmo CÎma {_bVm - ""H$m¡Z ~‹S>r aH$_ W_m XoVo hmo? Xmo
én„r {H$am`m Am¡a dh ^r N>…-N>… _hrZo H$m ~H$m`m & OmZVo hmo bH$‹S>r H$m Š`m ^md
h¡? Z hmo _H$mZ N>mS‹o > OmAmo &'' Am{Ia {H$dm‹S> {Ja JE & amV-â XheV {H$ H$ht H$moB©
Mmoa Z Am Omò & Mmoa go Á`mXm {\$H«$ Wr Am~é H$s, {H$dm‹S> Z ahZo na nXm© hr Am~ê$
H$m aIdmbm Wm & dh nXm© ^r hmaVma hmoV-o hmoVo EH$ amV Am±Yr _| {H$gr ^r hmbV _|
bQ>H$Zo bm`H$ Z ah J`m & Xÿgao {XZ Ka H$s EH$_mÌ nwíV¡Zr MrO Xar XadmOo na bQ>H$
JB© & _wh„odmbm| Zo XoIm Am¡a Mm¡Yar H$mo gbmh Xr - ""Aao Mm¡Yar, Bg O_mZo _| X[a`m|
H$mo H$mho Iam~ H$amo§Jo ? ~mOma go bm Q>mQ> H$m Qw>H$‹S>m bQ>H$m Xmo &'' nra~»e Q>mQ> H$s
H$s_V ^r AmVo-OmVo nyN> MwHo$ h¡ & h±gH$a ~mobo - ""hmooZo Xmo, Š`m h¡ ? h_mao `hm± nŠH$s
hdobr _| ^r S²>`moT>r na Xar H$m hr nXm© ahVm Wm &''
H$n‹S> o H$s _h±Jr Ho$ Bg O_mZo _¡§ Ka H$s nm±Mm§o Am¡aVm| Ho$ eara go H$n‹S>o OrU© hmoH$a
`m| {Ja aho Wo, O¡go no‹S> AnZr N>mb ~XbVo h¢ & Mm¡Yar gmh~ H$s Am_XZr go AmQ>o Ho$
Abmdm H$n‹S> o H$s JwO § mBe H$hm± & {Jadr aIZo Ho$ {bE Ka _| Hw$N> Z hmo, Jar~ H$m EH$_mÌ
ghm`H$ h¡ n§Om~r ImZ & Xg _hrZo nhbo JmoX Ho$ b‹S>H$o ~aH$V Ho$ OÝ_ Ho$ g_` nra~»e
H$mo énò H$s Oê$aV Am n‹S>r & H$hr H$moB© à~§Y Z hmo gH$Zo Ho$ H$maU CÝhm|Zo n§Om~r ImZ
~ã~a Abr Im± go Mma énò CYma bo {bE Wo & Mma AmZm én`m _hrZo na Mma én`m H$O©
{b`m & AmR> _hrZo _| AXm hmoZm V` hþAm & gmV _hrZo \$m±H$m H$aHo$ ^r do {H$gr Vah
go {H$íV XoVo Mbo JE, bo{H$Z O~ gmdZ _| ~agmV {nN>S> JB© Am¡a ~mOmam ^r énò H$m
VrZ goa {_bZo bJm Vmo {H$íV XoZm g§^d Z ahm & nra~»e Zo ImZ H$s Xm‹T>r Ny> Am¡a A„m
H$s H$g_ Im EH$ _hrZo H$s _wAm\$s Mmhr & AJbo _hrZo EH$ H$m gdm XoZo H$m dm`Xm
{H$`m & ^mXm| _o hmbV Am¡a naoemZr H$s hmo JB© & ~ÀMm| H$s _m± H$s V{~`V {JaVr JB© & Johÿ
_wpíH$b go énò H$m {g\©$ T>mB© goa {_bVm & Mm¡Yar H$mo Xmo énò _h±JmB© ^Îmo Ho$ {_bo, na
noeJr boVo-boVo VZ»dmh Ho$ {XZ Ho$db Mma hr énò {hgm~ _| {ZH$bo & ~‹S>r H${R>ZVm
go {_bo Mma én`m| _| go gdm én`m ImZ Ho$ hmW _| Ya XoZo H$s {hå_V Mm¡Yar H$mo Z hþB© &
ImZ Ho$ ^` go CZH$m {Xb Sy>~ ahm Wm & gmV VmarI H$s em_ H$mo Ag\$b hmo
ImZ AmR> H$s gw~h Iy~ V‹S>H$o hr S>S§ >m hmW _| {bE XadmOo na _m¡OXy hþAm & amV-â
gmoM {dMma H$aHo$ Mm¡Yar Zo ImZ Ho$ {bE ~`mZ V¡`ma {H$`m {H$ {_b _m{bH$ bmbmbr
Mma amoO Ho$ {bE ~mha JE h¡ & VZ»dmh {_bVo hr dh gdm én`m hm{Oa H$aoJm & _mHy$b
dOh ~VmZo na ^r ImZ ~hþV Xoa VH$ Jwam©Vm ahm - ""A_ dVZ MmoS‹ > Ho$ naXoe _| n‹S> m
h¡, Eogo én`m N>mS‹o > XoZo Ho$ dmñVo, A_ `hm± Zht Am`m h¡, A_mam ^r ~mb-~ÀMm h¡ & Mma
amoO _| én`m ZB© XoJm Vmo A_ Vw_mam... H$a XoJm &''
nm±Md| {XZ én`m H$hm± go AmVm & _m{bH$ Zo noeJr XoZo go gm\$ BÝH$ma H$a {X`m & OmZ-
nhMmZ Ho$ H$B© AmX{_`m| Ho$ `hm± JE na CÎma {_bm- ""{_`m±, n¡go H$hm± Bg O_mZo _| &
n¡go H$m _mob H$m¡S>r Zht ah J`m & hmW _| AmZo go nhbo hr CYma _| CR> J`m V_m_ &''
Ka nhþM ± Zo na gwZm {H$ ImZ Am`m Wm Am¡a KÊQ>o â VH$ S²>`moT>r na bQ>H$o Xar Ho$ nX} H$mo
S>§S>o go R>ob R>obH$a Jmbr XoVm ahm & nX} H$s Am‹S> go I‹S>r ~r~r Ho$ ~ma-~ma IwXm H$s
H$g_ Im `H$sZ {XbmZo na {H$ Mm¡Yar ~mha JE h¡, én`m boZo JE h¡, ImZ Jmbr XoH$a
H$hm - ""ZB©, ~XOmV Mmoa ~rVa _| {Mnm h¡! A_ Mma K§Q>o _| {\$a AmVm h¡ & én`m boH$a
OmEJm & én`m Zht XoJm, Vmo CgH$m Imb CVmaH$a ~mOma _| ~oM XoJm & ... A_mam é{n`m
Š`m Aam_ H$m h¡ ?''
ImZ Ho$ Xþ~mam CH$maZo na Mm¡Yar H$m eara {ZOud àm` hmoZo na ^r {ZíMoï> ah gH$m & CR>H$a
~mha Am JE & ImZ Ho$ KwQ>Zo Ny>, AnZr _wgr~V H$mo ~Vm do _wAm\$s Ho$ {bE Iwem_X H$aZo
bJo & na ImZ S>S§ >m \$Q>H$mH$a H$h ahm Wm - ""n¡gm Zht XoZm Wm, {b`m Š`m|? VZ»dmh
{H$Xa _| OmVm ? Aam_r A_mam n¡gm _maoJm & AmO Vwåhmam Imb ItM boJm & n¡gm ZB© h¡,
Vmo Ka na naXm bQ>H$m Ho$ ear\$OmXm H¡$go ~ZVm...
.... Vw_ A_H$mo ~r~r H$m JoZ¡ m Xmo, ~V©Z Xmo, Hw$N> ^r Vmo Xmo, A_ Eogo ZB© OmEJm &''
{~bHw$b ~o~g Am¡a bmMmar _| XmoZm| hmW CR>m IwXm go ImZ Ho$ {bE XþAm _m§J°
nra~»e Zo H$g_ ImB©, EH$ n¡gm ^r Ka _| Zht, ~V©Z ^r Zht, H$n‹S> m ^r Zht, Mmho Vmo
~oeH$ CgH$s Imb CVmaH$a ~oMbo & ImZ Am¡a AmJ hmo J`m &
""A_ hþ_mam XþAm Š`m H$aoJm? Vwåhmam Imb Š`m H$aoJm CgH$m Vmo OyVm ^r Zht
~ZoJm & Vw_mam Imb go Vmo `h Q>mQ> AÀN>m &'' ImZ Zo S²>`moT>r na bQ>H$m Xar H$m nXm©
PQ>H$ {b`m & S>çmoT>r go nXm© hQ>Zo Ho$ gmW hr, O¡go Mm¡Yar Ho$ OrdZ H$s S>moa Qy>Q> JB© &
dh S>J_JmH$a O_rZ na {Ja n‹S>o & ghgm nXm© hQ> OmZo go Am¡aV| Eogo {gHw$S> JB©, O¡go
CZHo$ eara H$m dñÌ ItM {b`m J`m hmo & dh nXm© hr Vmo Ka-â H$s Am¡aVm| Ho$ eara H$m
dñÌ Wm & CZoH$ eara na ~Mo MrW‹S$o CZoH$ EH$-{VhmB© A§J T±H$Zo _| ^r Ag_W© Wo &
Om{hb ^r‹S> Zo K¥Um Am¡a e_© go Am±Io \o$a br & Cg Z¾Vm H$s PbH$ go ImZ
H$s H$R>mao Vm ^r {nKb JB© & ½bm{Z go WyH$, CgZo naXo H$mo Am±JZ _| dmng \o$H§ $ {X`m Am¡a
Ag\$b bm¡Q> J`m & Mm¡Yar ~ogwY n‹S>o Wo & O~ CÝh| hmoe Am`m, S²>`moT>r H$m naXm Am±JZ
Ho$ gm_Zo nS>m Wm & na§Vw Cgo CR>mH$a {\$a go bQ>H$m XoZo H$s gm_Ï`© CZ_| eof Z Wr & nXm©
{Og ^mdZm H$m Adbå~ Wm, dh _a MwH$s Wr &
5.2.1 M[aÌ-{MÌU
ñdmV§Í`moÎma qhXr H$hmZr H$s {dH$mg `mÌm _| {df`-dñVw H$s hmdr go VWm {d{^Þ
ì`pŠV M[aÌm| H$m `WmW© A§H$Z H$aZo dmbo H$hmZrH$mam| _| ènmb {d{eï> ñWmZ aIVo h¡
& àñVwV H$hmZr "naXm' _| M[aÌm| H$s g§»`m A{YH$ Zht h¡ & Bg H$hmZr Ho$ _w»` M[aÌmo
_| Mm¡Yar nra~»e Am¡a ~~a AbrIm± hr _hÎdnyU© h¡ Am¡a dh H$hmZr bJ^J BZ XmoZm|
Ho$ ~rM hþE ì`dhma Ho$ Amgnmg hr ~wZr JB© h¡ & AÝ` M[aÌm| H$m H$hmZr Ho$ {dH$mg _|
A{YH$ `moJXmZ ht h¡ & H$hmZr _| BZ M[aÌm| H$s ^y{_H$m Ho$db Zm__mÌ Ho$ {bE h¡ &
Mm¡Yar nra~»e EH$ _Ü`dJu` _wpñb_ n[adma _| _w{I`m h¡ Am¡a nm±M ~ÀMm| Ho$ {nVm h¡&
CZH$s _m± ^r CÝht Ho$ gmW ahVr h¡ & Bg àH$ma Hw$b AmR> gXñ`m| dmbo Bg n[adma Ho$
âU-nmofU H$r gmar {Oå_oXmar Mm¡Yar nra~»e Ho$ Cna h¡ & n‹T> mB© A{YH$ Z hmoZo Ho$
H$maU amoOJma Ho$ Vm¡a na do EH$ Vob H$s {_b _| _we § r{Jar H$aVo h¡ & Bg H$m_ H$m CÝh|
~mah én`m _hrZm doVZ {_bVm h¡ & Bg ~mah én`m| _| BVZo ~‹S>o n[adma Ho$ amoQ>r, H$n‹S> m
Am¡a _H$mZ H$m B§VOm_ CZHo$ {bE {XZ-à{V-{XZ H${R>Z hmoVm OmVm h¡& H$hmZrH$ma Zo
nra~»e Ho$ _mÜ`_ go _Ü`_dJm} H$o ^maVr` n[admam| H$s Am{W©H$ V§Jr Am¡a {ddfeVmAm|
H$m _m{_©H$ qMVZ {H$`m h¡ & H$hmZrH$ma H$hVo h¡§ - ""Ohm± ~mb-~ÀMo§ Amoa Ka-~ma hmoVm
h¡, gm¡ {H$ñ_ H$s P§PQ>o hmoVr hr h¡ & H$^r ~ÀMo H$mo VH$br\$ h¡, Vmo H$^r OÀMo H$mo &
Eogo dŠV _| H$O© H$s OéaV H¡$go Z hmo? Ka~ma hmo Vmo H$O© ^r hmoJm hr &''
Mm¡Yar nra~»e H$s Xÿgar g_ñ`m h¡ ImZXmZ H$r BÁOV ~Zmò aIZm & Bg BÁOV
H$m àVrH$ h¡ "naXm' Omo CZHo$ g\o$Xnmoe ImZXmZ H$m EH$_mÌ nwíV¡Zr MrO Wr & ha hmb
_| Bg BÁOV H$m ~Zm ahZm Oéar Wm & Hw$b n§Ðh ~ag H$s _we§ r{Jar _| CZH$m doVZ Ho$db
~mah go AR>mah én`m hmo nm`m Wm & Am{W©H$ V§Jr Am¡a ~‹T>Vr Oê$aVm| Ho$ X~md _| H$O© Ho$
Vbo AnZm g~ Hw$N> Yrao-Yrao ImoZo dmbo nra~»e H$m ApñVËd Bg H$hmZr H$m `WmW©
ì`pŠVËd h¡ & H$O© _| Sy>~o nra~»e H$mo A§V _| AnZm AmË_gå_mZ VH$ {Jadr aIZm n‹S>Vm

h¡ & `hm± VH$ {H$ ~H$mò H$O© H$r A§{V_ {H$íV MwH$Zo _| Ag_W© Mm¡Yar nra~»e H$s ~o~gr
Am¡a bmMmar H$m ~‹S>m hr öX`ñneu {MÌU H$hmZrH$ma Zo {H$`m h¡ - ""{~ëHw$b ~o~g Am¡a
bmMmar _| XmoZm§o hmW CR>m IwXm go ImZ Ho$ {bE XþAm _m±J nra~»e Zo H$g_ ImB©, EH$ n¡gm
^r Ka _| Zht, ~V©Z ^r Zht, H$n‹S>m ^r Zht, Mmho Vmo ~oeH$ CgH$s Imb CVmaH$a ~oM bo &''
nra~»e Cg _Ü`dJu` _Zmod{Îm H$m àVrH$ h¡ {Og_| Am{W©H$ V§Jr H$mo ghZo Am¡a
Cg_| qOXJr â KwQ>Vo ahZo H$s {ddeVm h¡ & CgH$s X`Zr` AdñWm, bmMmar Am¡a Am~é
Ho$ S>a H$m g§doXZerb {MÌU H$hmZr _| hþAm h¡ &
Xÿgam _w»` M[aV n§Om~r ImZ ~ã~a AbrIm± h¡ & Jar~, bmMma, {dde bmoJm|
H$m Am{W©H$ emofU H$aZo dmbo e¡VmZ Ho$ ê$n _| boIZ Zo CgHo$ ì`pŠVËd H$mo {M[aÌ {H$`m
h¡ & _wh„o H$m bJ^J ha AmX_r CgH$m H$O©Xma h¢ & dh bmoJm| H$moo n¡gm| H$s Oê$aV n‹S>Zo
na ghm`Vm Vmo H$aVm h¡ na§Vw H$O© Am¡a gyX H$s {H$íV Z {_bZo na H$O©Xmam| Ho$ Ka AmH$ma
CZHo$ XadmOo S>§S>o go nrQ>Vm h¡ & dh EH$ ~oah_ gmhyH$ma h¡ {OgH$s eaU boZo Am¡a Cggo
An_m{ZV hmoZo Ho$ {bE bJ^J ha ì`pŠV {dde h¡ & dh ghmam ^r h¡ Am¡a g_ñ`m ^r
& ñdmV§Í`moÎma ^maV Ho$ gm_m{OH$ n[adoe _| G$U boZm Am¡a Cgo MwH$mZo _| Ag_W© hmoZo
O¡gr n[apñW{V`m| H$mo gm_m{OH$ {dÐþnVm Ho$ ê$n _| AZw^d {H$`m J`m h¡ & dht Am{W©H$
{df_VmAm| na ^r àH$me S>mbm J`m h¡ & ~~a AbrIm± Jar~, bmMma, ~o~g bmoJm| H$s
X`Zr` AdñWm Ho$ {bE {Oå_oXma h¡ & dh YyV© Am¡a H$nQ>r h¡ & bmoJm| H$s ghm`Vm H$aZo
Ho$ Zm_ na dh CÝh| Am{W©H$ Am¡a _mZ{gH$ én go ImoIbm Am¡a H$_Omoa ~ZmVm h¡ & dh
^` Am¡a AmV§H$ H$m àVrH$ h¡ & n¡go Ho$ ê$n _| H$O© Z MwH$m nmZo H$s AdñWm _| dh Ka
H$s Oê$ar MrOm| H$mo N>rZ boZo _| ^r {hMH$Vm Zhr h¢ - ""Vw_ A_ H$mo ~r~r H$m J¡Zm Xmo,
~V©Z Xmo, Hw$N> ^r Vmo Xmo, A_ Eogo ZB© OmEJm &''
dh Am{W©H$ A^md go OyP aho n[admam| H$m IyZ MygVm h¡ & dh nyam à`mg H$aVm
h¡ {H$ nra~»~ go n¡gm boH$a ahoJm & S>çmo‹T>r H$m nXm© ItM boZo na O~ dh Mm¡Yar
nra~»e Ho$ n{adma H$s hmbV XoIVm h¡ Vmo CgH$s H$R>mao Vm {nKb OmVr h¡ & CgH$m ~oah_
öX` Cgo PH$-PmoaVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo ½bm{Z hmoVr h¡ & nXm© dh na \|$H$ dhm± Ag\$b hmo bm¡Q>
OmVm h¡ &
5.2.2 "naXm' H$m dmVmdaU
"naXm' H$hmZr _| ñdmV§Í`moÎma ^maV Ho$ {ZåZ _Ü`dJ© H$m AË`§V H$ê$U, X`Zr`
Am¡a g§dXo Zerb {MÌU hþAm h¡ & H$hmZr H$s H$WmdñVw _| _w»`V… Am{W©H$ Am¡a gm_m{OH$
n[adoe H$m _hÎd {X`m J`m h¡ & Am{W©H$ V§Jr `m ~Xhmbr H$mo EH$ _w»` g_ñ`m Ho$ ê$n
_| aI H$hmZrH$ma Zo nmR>H$m| H$m Ü`mZ AmH${f©V {H$`m h¡ & Am{W©H$ V§Jr Ho$ n[aUm_ñdê$n
^yI, Jar~r, {~_mar go b‹S>Vo hþE n[admam| Ho$ Am{W©H$ emofU, Am{W©H$ Ag_mZVmAm|,
{ddeVmAm| Am¡a g_ñ`m`m| H$s H$R>mao _ma go Qy>Q>V,o XaH$Vo ApñVËdm| H$m `WmW© ê$n àñVwV
{H$`m J`m h¡ & EH$ AXX BÁOVXma OrdZ H$s gwajm Ho$ {bE, {OgH$m àVrH$ _mÌ EH$
Xar H$m naXm h¡ & Omo Ho$db naXm hr Zht h¡ , BÁOV go OrdZ OrZo H$s ^mdZm H$m Adb§~
h¡, Qy>Q>Vo hr n{adma H$m AnZm AmË_{dídmg ^r Qy>Q> OmVm h¡ &
H$hmZrH$ma Zo Bg naXo H$mo BÁOV H$s aIdmbr H$aZo dmbr EH$ gm_m{OH$ BH$mB©
Ho$ én _o àñVwV {H$`m h¡ & OrdZ H$s V_m_ hrZVmAm| Am¡a H$Qw>VmAm| Ho$ ~rM ^r EH$ naXm
Ka Ho$ {bE gwajm H$m Omo Koam n¡Xm H$aVm h¡ dh emofU, X_Z Am¡a AmV§H$ Ho$ ~rM IwX
AnZr gwajm Zhr§ H$a nmVm &

* "" "naXm' H$hmZr _| ñdmV§Í`moÎma _Y`dJu` n[adma Ho$ Am{W©H$ g_ñ`mAm|
Am¡a {ddeVmAm| H$m {MÌU hþAm h¡,'' gmoXmhaU ñnï> H$r{OE &
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* "naXm' H$hmZr Ho$ àVrH$mË_H$ AW© Am¡a Ame` H$mo g_PmBE &
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* H$hmZr Ho$ VËdm| Ho$ AmYma na "naXm' H$hmZr H$m _yë`m§H$Z H$s{OE &
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* "naXm' erf©H$
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* nra~»e H$m M[aÌ-{MÌU
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* "naXm' H$s ^mfme¡br
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* "naXm' H$hmZr H$m `WmW©
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* Mm¡Yar nra~»e Zo ~ã~a AbrIm± go G$U Š`m| {b`m?
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* Mm¡Yar nra~»e {H$VZr {H$íVm| _| G$U MwH$mZo H$m dm`Xm {H$`m Wm?
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* Mm¡Yar nra~»e O_rZ na S>J_Jm H$a Š`m| {Ja n‹S>o ?
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* Mm¡Yar H$s BÁOV H$m AmYma Š`m Wm?
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* ""ZB©, ~XOmV Mmoa ~rVa _| {Mnm h¡ & A_ Mma K§Q>o _| {\$a AmVm h¡ & én`m
boH$a OmEJm &''
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* ""ghgm naXma hQ> OmZo go Am¡aV| Eogo {gHw$S> JB©, O¡go CZHo$ eara H$m dñÌ
I§rM {b`m J`m hmo &''
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* ""Mmoa go Á`mXm {\$H«$ Wr Am~ê$ H$s & {H$dm‹S> Z ahZo na nXm© hr Am~ê$ H$m aIdmbm
Wm &''
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* ""Vw_ A_H$mo ~r~r H$m J¡Zm Xmo, ~V©Z Xmo Hw$N> ^r Xmo, A_ Eogo Zht OmEJm &''
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5.4 gmam§e
ènmb Or Zo àñVwV H$hmZr _| {ZåZ _Ü`dJu` n[admam| H$m OrdZ n[adoe,
_Zmod{¥ Îm Am¡a g§Kf© H$m {MÌU {H$`m h¡ & Bg H$hmZr _§o Am{W©H$ Ag_mZVm Ho$ H«$y a Mohao
Ho$ gmW-gmW Jar~r Am¡a bmMmar _| Or aho ~X~yXma OrdZ Ho$ `WmW© n[adoe H$m
g§dXoZerb Am¡a _m{_©H$ A§H$Z hþAm h¡ & Xÿgar Amoa OrdZ H$s V_m_ H$Qw gÀMmB`m| Ho$
~rM EH$ Am_ g\o$Xnmoe Am¡a n{dÌ qOXJr H$mo VbmeZo H$m à`mg ^r [_bVm h¡ & "naXm'
nra~»e Ho$ nradma H$s {ga T>H$mB© H$s Vah h¡ & do Cg naXo Ho$ nrN>o AnZr V_m_ H${_`m|
H$mo {N>nmZo _o§ g\$b h¡ & naXm dh ^mdZm h¡ {Og_| CZH$m n[adma H$B© nr{‹T>`m| go AnZo
H$mo e_©gma hmoZo go ~MmVm Am`m h¡ & "naXm' CZHo$ Xm§{^H$ OrdZ H$m àVrH$ Zht h¡ Am¡a
Z hr PyR>r emZ h¡ & amoQ>r, H$n‹S> m O¡go V_m_ ~w{ÕdmXr Oê$aVm| Ho$ A^md Am¡a G$U Ho$
X~md _| nra~»~ H$m n[adma Ho$db naXo Ho$ H$maU hr gm±go bo ahm h¡ Am¡a g_ñ`mAm| go
b‹S> ^r ahm h¡ & `h H$hmZr {Og g_ñ`m Am¡a ^mdZm H$mo COmJa H$aVr h¡ dhr h_mar gmoM
Am¡a g§dXo Zm H$mo ^r OJmVr h¡ &
5.5 eãXmW©
_hH$_m - {d^mJ
g\o$Xnmoe - ^bm, {eï> AmX_r

Vmbr_ - {ejm
AmohXm - nX
Hw$Z~m - n[adma
dmëX-dm{bX - _m±-~mn
noeJr - H$m_ H$aZo Ho$ nhbo {X`m J`m _yë`
nwíV¡Zr - H$B© nr{‹T>`m§o go
~aH$V - H¥$nm, AZwJh«
OB©\$ - H$_Omoa, d¥Õ
~r~r - nËZr
Om{hb - A{e{jV, CÁOS>
Adb§~ - ghmam, AmoQ>
\$mHo$ n‹S>Zm - ^yIm ahZm
Mm¡amB© - EH$ àH$ma H$s gãOr
{~b-{~bmZm - nr‹S> m, {J‹S>{J‹S>mZm
T>b
o Zm - YHo$bZm
Imb ItMZm - eara go ËdMm {ZH$mbZm
* G$U H$s g_ñ`m H$mo boH$a {bIr JB© qhXr H$hm{Z`m| H$m gd}jU H$s{OE &
* _Ü`dJ© H$s Am{W©H$ _Zmod{¥ Îm go g§~Õ ènmb H$s H$hm{Z`m| H$s {deofVmE±
~VmBE&
* ènmb H$s AmnZo n‹T> r hþB© H$hmZr H$m _yë`m§H$Z H$s{OE &
* ènmb Ho$ {H$gr H$hmZr g§Jh« H$s H$hm{Z`m| H$m nR>Z H$s{OE &

BH$mB© - 6
na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm-_mohZ amHo$e
AZwH$« _
6.0 CÔoí`
6.1 àñVmdZm
6.2 {df` - {ddaU
H$hmZr - na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm
6.2.1 M[aÌ-{MÌU
6.2.2 dmVmdaU
6.4 gmam§e
6.5 eãXmW©
6.0 CÔoí`
* AmYw{ZH$ H$hmZr boIZ H$s `WmW©dmXr e¡br go n[a{MV hmoZm &
* H$hmZrH$ma Ho$ Ñ{ï>H$moU go AdJV hmoZm &
* AmZw{YH$ qhXr H$hmZr Ho$ na§nam _| _mohZ amHo$e H$s CnbpãY`m| Am¡a
n[adoe Ho$ à{V CZH$s gOJVm H$m AmH$bZ H$aZm &
6.1 àñVmdZm
H$hmZrH$ma _mohZ amHo$e ñdmV§Í`moÎma qhXr H$hmZr Ho$ joÌ H$s ZB© à{V^mAm| _| go EH$
CÁÁdb ZjÌ h¡ & do ZB© H$hmZr Am§XmobZ Ho$ àdV©H$m| _| go EH$ _mZo OmVo h¡§ & AmnH$s
H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ H$B© g§Jh« àH$m{eV h¡, BZ_o§ B§gmZ H$m IÊS>ha, Zò ~mXb, OmZda Am¡a OmZda
Am{X C„oIZr` h¢ & àñVwV H$hmZr "na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm' CZHo$ "OmZda Am¡a OmZda' g§H$bZ
_| g§H${bV h¡ & `h g§H$bZ _mohZ amHo$e H$s VËH$mbrZ _Z…pñW{V Am¡a n[adoe H$r nH$‹S>
H$mo COmJa H$aVm h¡ & _mohZ amHo$e dñVwV… ZmQ>H$H$ma h¡ na§Vw qhXr H$hmZr {dYm H$mo Z`m ñda,
g§dXo Zm Am¡a JhamB© àXmZ H$aZo _| CZH$m `moJXmZ C„oIZr` h¡ & CZH$s AZoH$ H$hm{Z`m± nyar
Vah go gm_m{OH$ n[aàoj _| {bIr J`r àdmhr H$hm{Z`m± h¡§ & do _ybV… VZmd Ho$ H$hmZrH$ma
_mZo OmVo h¡§ & CZH$s H$hm{Z`m| _| `wJrZ g§H$« _U Ho$ \$bñdê$n ~XbVo ZJar` OrdZ,
Am{W©H$ n[apñW{V`m| H$m gm_Zm H$aZo dmbo {ZåZ _Ü`dJ© H$s `mVZm, {ddeVm Am¡a
AmË_d§MZm ghVo-^moJVo ì`pŠV H$s {OOr{dVm, AmH«$moe, IrµO, {M‹T>, {dÐmoh, Q>H$amha Am¡a
OrdZ-g§Kf© H$m {MÌU {_bVm h¡ &
àñVwV H$hmZr "na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm' CZoH$ g§Jh« H$r g~go à^mdembr H$hmZr h¡ &
Bg H$hmZr _| boIH$ Zo gm§Ho${VH$Vm go H$m_ boV| hþE ~oah_ gaH$mar ì`dñWm go bS>Vo,
Q>H$amVo EH$ Am_-AmX_r Ho$ gmhg H$m _m{_©H$ {MÌU {H$`m h¡ & AmX_r Ho$ Hw$Îmo Am¡a
na_mË_m Ho$ Hw$Îmo H$m {damoY C^maVo hwE _mohZ amHo$e gaH$mar ì`dñWm Ho$ ImoIbonZ,
{ZpîH«$`Vm, [aídVImoar Am¡a AÝ`m` go J«ñV n[adoe H$mo VmoS>Zo Ho$ {bE ~oMZ¡ , g§Vá,
{dde Am¡a Cno{jV ì`pŠV H$m {MÌU `WmW© e¡br _| {H$`m h¡ &
6.2 {df` {ddaU

na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm - _mohZ amHo$e
H$WmZH$
~hþV-go bmoJ `hm±-dhm± {ga bQ>H$mò ~¡R>o Wo O¡go {H$gr H$m _mV_ H$aZo Amò hmo & Hw$N>
bmoJ AnZr nmoQ>{b`m°§ ImobH$a ImZm Im aho Wo & N>mQo >o Hw$bMo dmbm| H$m amoOJma Ja_ Wm
Am¡a H$_oQ>r Ho$ Zb Ho$ nmg N>moQ>m-_moQ>m Š`y bJm Wm & Zb Ho$ nmg Hw$gu S>mbH$a ~¡R>m
AOuZdrg Y‹S>mY‹S> A{O©`m± Q>mBn H$a ahm Wm & CgHo$ _mWo go ~hH$a ngrZm CgHo$ hmoR>m|
na Am ahm Wm bo{H$Z Cgo nm|N>Zo H$s \w$agV Zht Wr & H$_rOmo Ho$ AmYo ~Q>Z Imobo Am¡a
~Jb _| \$mB©b| X~mò Hw$N>> ~m~y EH$-Xÿgao go N>mo‹S>ImZr H$aVo, a{OñQ´>oeZ ~«m§M go [aH$mS>©
~«m§M H$s Va\$ Om aho Wo & bmb ~oëQ> dmbm Mnamgr, Amgnmg H$s ^r‹S> go CXmgrZ AnZo
ñQy>b na ~¡R>m _Z-hr-_Z Hw$N> {hgm~ H$a ahm Wm & gmao H$ånmCÊS> _| {gV§~a H$s Iwbr
Yyn \¡$br Wr & EH$ gÎma-nMhÎma df© H$s ~w{T‹ > `m bmoJm| go nyN> ahr Wr {H$ dh AmnZo
b‹S>Ho$ Ho$ _aZo Ho$ ~mX CgHo$ Zm_ Ebm°Q> hþB© O_rZ H$s hH$Xma hmo OmVr h¡ `m Zhr§ ...?
AÝXa hm°b Ho$ H$_ao _| \$mBb§o Yrao-Yrao Mb ahr Wr & Xmo-Mma ~m~y ~rM H$s _oO
Ho$ nmg O_m hmoH$a Mm` nr aho Wo & CZ_| go EH$ Xáar H$mJO na {bIr, AnZr VmOm JOb
XmoñVm| H$mo gwZm ahm Wm & EH$ \$a_mèr H$hH$hm bJm {Ogo "er-er' H$s AmdmOm| Zo ~rM
_| hr X~m {X`m & H$h-H$ho na bJmB© JB© Bg ~«Ho $ H$m _Vb~ Wm {H$ H${_íZa gmh~ AnZo
H$_ao _o Vear\$ bo Amò h¡ & Hw$N> Xoa H$m dŠ\$m ahm, {Og_| gwaOrV qgh dëX Jwa_rV
qgh H$s \$mBb EH$ _oO go EŠeZ Ho$ {bE Xygar _oO nhþ±M J`r, gwaOrVqgh dëX
Jwa{_Vqgh _wñH$amVm hþAm hmb go ~mha Mbm J`m Am¡a {Og ~m~y H$s _oO go \$mBb J`r
Wr, dh nm±M énò Ho$ ZmoQ> H$mo ghbmVm hþAm Mm` nrZo dmbm| Ho$ O_KQ> _| em{_b hþAm &
gmh~ Ho$ H$_ao _| K§Q>r hþB& Mnamgr _wñV¡Xr go CR>H$a A§Xa Am`m Am¡a Cgr _wñV¡Xr
go dmng AmH$ma {\$a AnZo ñQy>b na ~¡R> J`m & H${_eZa gmh~ Zo _oO na T‹ >ao go H$mJOm|
na EH$ gmW XñVIV {H$`m Am¡a nmBn gwbJmH$a ""arS>a S>mBOoñQ''> H$m VmOm A§H$ ~¡J
go {ZH$mb {b`m & n¥ð> EH$ gm¡ ½`mah ImobH$a do öX` Ho$ hþE AmnaoeZ H$m ì`m¡am n‹T>Zo
bJo & V^r ~mha go Hw$N> emoa gwZmB© XoZo bJm &
H$ånmCÊS> Ho$ noS‹ > Ho$ ZrMo {~IaH$a ~¡R>o bmoJm| _| Mma Zò Mohao Am em{_b hþE Wo & EH$
AYoS‹ > AmX_r Wm {OgZo AnZr nJ‹S>r O_rZ na {~N>m br Wr Am¡a hmW nrN>o H$aHo$ VWm
Q>m±Jo \¡$bmH$ma Cg na ~¡R> J`m Wm & nJ‹S>r Ho$ {gao H$s Va\$ Cggo Oam ~‹S> r C_« H$s EH$
ñÌr Am¡a EH$ OdmZ b‹S> H$s ~¡R>r Wr Am¡a CZHo$ nmg I‹S> m EH$ Xþ~bm-gm b‹S>H$m Amg-
nmg H$s Amoa KyaVr ZOa go XoI ahm Wm & AY‹S> AmX_r D±$Mr AmdmO _| ~mobVm hþAm
AnZo KwQ>Zo na hmW _ma ahm Wm ""gaH$ma dŠV bo ahr h¡ & Xg nm±Mgmb _| gaH$ma \¡$gbm
H$aoJr {H$ AOu _§Oay hmoZr Mm{hE `m Zht & gmbmo, `_amO ^r Vmo h_mam dŠV {JZ ahm
h¡ & CYa dh dŠV nyam hmoJm BYa Vw_go nVm MboJm {H$ h_mar AOu _§Oay hmo JB© h¡ &''
""Xmo gmb go AOu Xo aIr h¡ {H$ gmbmo, O_rZ Ho$ Zm_ na Vw_Zo _wPo EH$ JS²>T>m
Ebm°Q> H$a {X`m ô¡, CgH$s OJh H$moB© Xygar O_rZ Xo Xmo & _Ja Xmo gmb go AOu `hm± Ho$
Xmo H$_ao hr nma Zht H$a nmB© &'' dh AmX_r A~ O¡go _O_o ~¡R>H$a VH$ara H$aZo bJm, "Bg
H$_ao go Cg H$_ao _| AOu _o OmZo _| dŠV bJVm h¡ & Bg _oO go Cg _oO VH$ OmZo _|
^r dŠV bJVm h¡, gaH$ma dŠV bo ahr h¡ ! _¢ Am J`m h±ÿ AmO `hr na AnZm gmam Ka~ma
boH$a bo bmo {OVZm dŠV Vwåh| boZm h¡!... gmV gmb H$s ^wI_ar Ho$ ~mX gmbm| Zo O_rZ
Xr h¡ _wP-o gm¡ _abo H$m JS²>T>m! Cg_|o Š`m _¢ ~mn-XmXm| H$s A{ñW`m± JmS>Jy± m? AOu'
Xr Wr {H$ _wPo gm¡ _abo H$s OJh nMmg _abo Xo Xmo-bo{H$Z O_rZ Vmo Xmo! _Ja AOu Xmo
gmb go dŠV bo ahr! _¢ ^yIm _a ahm h±ÿ Am¡a AOu dŠV bo ahr h¡ &''
Mnamgr AnZo h[W`ma {bò hwE AmJo Am`m - ""E {_ñQ>a, Mb {h`m± go ~mha!''
CgZo h{W`ma H$s nyar MmoQ> Ho$ gmW H$hm, "Mb .... CR>...!'
""{_ñQ>a AmO `hm± go Zhr CR> gH$Vm & {_ñQ>a AmO `hm± H$m ~mXemh h¡! nhbo
{_ñQ>a Xoe Ho$ ~obmO ~mXemhr H$s O` ~wbmVm Wm & A~ dh {H$gr H$s O` Zht ~wbVm & A~
dh IwX `hm± H$m ~mXemh h¡ ... ~obmO ~mXehm! Cgo H$moB© bmO ea_ Zhr h¢ & Cg na
{H$gr H$m hþŠ_ Zht MbVm & g_Po Mnamgr ~mXemh &''
Mnamgr ~mXemh Am¡a Ja_ hwAm, ""A^r nw{bg Ho$ gwnXw © H$a {X`m OmòJm Vmo Voar
~mXemhr {ZH$b Om`Jr... !''
hm±-hm±! ~obmO ~mXemh h±gm & ""Voar nw{bg _oar ~mXemhr {ZH$mboJr? Vy ~wbm
nw{bg H$mo & _¢ nw{bg Ho$ gm_Zo Z§Jm hmo OmD±$Jm Am¡a H$hþJ± m {H$ {ZH$mbmo _oar ~mXemhr
& _oao gmW VrZ ~mXemh Am¡a h¡ & `h _oao ^mB© H$s ~odm h¡ - Cg ^mB© H$s {Ogo nm{H$ñVmZ
_| Q>m±Jmo go nH$S>H$a Mra {X`m J`m Wm & `h _oao ^mB© H$m b‹S>H$m h¡ Omo A^r go Vno{XH$
H$m _arO h¡ Am¡a `h ^mB© H$s b‹S>H$s h¡ Omo A~ ã`mhZo bm`H$ hmo J`r h¡ & BgH$s ~‹S>r
H±$w dmar ~hZ AmO ^r nm{H$ñVmZ _| h¡ & Vy bo Am OmH$a AnZr nw{bg, {H$ AmH$a BZ
g~H$s ~mXemhV {ZH$mb Xo, Hw$Îmm gmbm...''
""Hw$Îmm gmbm' gwZH$a Mnamgr Amno go ~mhoa hmo J`m & CgZo Cgo AnZo Qy>Q>o hþE ~yQ>
H$s R>moH$a Xr & ñÌr Am¡a b‹S>H$s gh_H$a dhm± go hQ> JB© & b‹S>H$m EH$ Va\$ IS>m hmoH$a
amoZo bJm & Mnamgr {\$a ~‹S> ~S‹ >mVm ahm & "H$_rZm AmX_r, XâVa _| AmH$a Jmbr XoVm
h¡ & _¢ A^r VwPo {XIm XoVm {H$....''
""EH$ Vwåhr§ Zht, `hm± Vw_ g~-Ho$ -g~ Hw$Îmo hmo, Am¡a _¢ ^r Hw$Îmm h±ÿ & \$H©$ {g\©$
BVZm h¡ {H$ Vw_ bmoJ gaH$ma Ho$ Hw$Îmo hmo- h_ bmoJm| H$s h{È>`m± MygVo hmo Am¡a gaH$ma H$s
Va\$ go ^m¢H$Vo hmo & _¡ na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm h±&ÿ CgH$s Xr hþB© hdm ImH$a OrVm h±ÿ Am¡a
CgH$s Va\$ go ^m¡§H$Vm h±y & CgH$m Ka B§gm\$ H$m Ka h¡ & _¢ CgHo$ Ka H$s aIdmbr H$aVm
h±ÿ & Vw_ g~ CgHo$ B§gm\$ H$s Xm¡bV Ho$ bwQ>oao hmo & Vw_ na ^m¢H$Zm _oam \$O© h¡, _oao _m{bH$
H$m \$a_mZ h¡ & _oam Vw_go Agbr ~¡a h¡ & Hw$Îmo H$m ~¡ar Hw$Îmm hmoVm h¡ & Vw_ _oao Xþí_Z hmo,
_¢ Vwåhmam Xþí_Z h±ÿ & _¢ AHo$bm h±ÿ Bgr{bE Vw_ g~ {_bH$a _wPo _mamo _wPo `hm± go {ZH$mb
Xmo & bo{H$Z _¢ {\$a ^r ^m¢H$Vm ah±Jÿ m & Vw_ _¡am ^m¢H$Zm ~§X Zht H$a gH$Vo & _oao A§Xa
_oao _m{bH$ H$m da h¡, _oao dmho Jwê$ H$m VoO h¡ & _wPo Ohm± ~§X H$a XmoJo, _¢ dhm± ^m¢Hy±$Jm,
Am¡a Vw_ g~Ho$ H$mZ \$m‹S> XÿJ± m & gmbo, AmX_r Ho$ Hw$Îmo, OyR>r hÈ>r na _aZo dmbo Hw$Îmo, Xþ_
{hbm-{hbmH$a OrZodmbo Hw$Îmo !''
~m~m Or, ~g H$amo- ""EH$ ~m~y hmW OmoS‹ >H$a ~mobm, h_ bmoJm| na ah_ ImAmo
Am¡a AnZr dh g§V~mZr ~§X H$amo & ~VmAmo Vwåhmam Zm_ Š`m h¡? Vwåhmam Ho$g Š`m
h¡...?''
""_oam Zm_ h¡ ~mah gm¡ N>~rg ~Q>m gmV & _oam _m±-~mn H$m {X`m hþAm Zm_ Im
{b`m Hw$Îmm| Zo & A~ `hr Zm_ h¡ Omo Vwåhmao XâVa H$m {X`m hþAm h¡ & _¢ ~mah gm¡ N>ã~rg
~Q>m gmV h±ÿ & _oam Am¡a H$moB© Zm_ Zht¨ h¡ & _oam `h Zm_ `mX H$a bmo & AnZr S>màr _|
{bI bmo & dmho Jwê$ H$m Hw$Îmm - ~mah gm¡ N>ã~rg ~Q>m gmV &''
""~m~m Or, AmO OmAmo, H$b `m nagmo Am OmZm! Vwåhmar AOu na H$ma©dmB©
VH$ar~Z- VH$ar~Z nyar hmo MwH$s h¡ &''
""VH$ar~Z-VH$ar~Z nyar hmo MwH$s h¡ Am¡a _¢ IwX hr VH$ar~Z-VH$ar~Z nyam hmo
MwH$m h±ÿ& A~ XoIZm `h h¡ {H$ nhbo H$ma©~mB© nyar hmoVr h¡, `m nhbo _¢ nyam hmoVm h±ÿ & EH$
Va\$ gaH$ma H$m hþZa h¡ Am¡a Xÿgar Va\$ na_mË_m H$m hþZa h¡ & gmbmo Zo gmar n‹T>mB© IM© H$aHo$
Xmo bâO B©OmX {H$ò h¡ - em`X Am¡a VH$ar~Z! em`X AmnHo$ H$mJO D$na Mbo Jò h¡,
VH$ar~Z-VH$ar~Z H$ma©dmB© nyar hmo MwH$s h¡ & em`X go {ZH$bmo Am¡a VH$ar~Z _| S>mb Xmo!
VH$ar~Z go {ZH$bmo em`X _| JH©$ H$a Xmo & ' _¢ AmO em`X Am¡a VH$ar~Z XmoZm| Ka na N>mo‹S>
Am`m h±ÿ & _¢ `hm± ~¡R>m h±ÿ Am¡a `ht ~¡R>m ah±Jÿ m & _oam H$m_ hmoZm h¡, Vmo AmZ hr hmoJm Am¡a A^r
hmoJm & Vwåhmao em`X Bg VH$ar~Z Ho$ J«mhH$ ò g~ I‹S>o h¢ & `h R>Jr ñÌr BZgo H$amo ... &''
~m~y bmoJ AnZr gX²^mdZm Ho$ à^md go {Zame hmoH$a EH$-EH$ H$a A§Xa bm¡Q>Zo
bJo & ~m~wAm§o Ho$ gmW Mnamgr ^r ~‹S>~‹S>mVm hþAm AnZo ñQy>b na bm¡Q> J`m & ""_¢ gmbo
Ho$ Xm±V VmoS‹ > XoVm & A~ ~m~y bmoJ hm{H$_ h¡ Am¡a hm{H$_m| H$m H$hm _mZZm n‹S>m &''
Vm h¡, daZm....&''
""Aao ~m~m, empÝV go H$m_ bmo & `hm± [_ÞV MbVr h¡, n¡gm MbVm h¡ &'' ~m±g
Zhr MbVr,'' ^r‹S> _| go _moB© Cgo g_PmZo bJm &
""_Ja na_Ë_m H$m hþŠ_ ha OJh> MbVm h¡ &'' dh AnZr H$_rO CVmaVm hþAm
~mobm- ""Am¡a na_mË_m Ho$ hþŠ_ go AmO ~obmO ~mXemh Z§Jo hmoH$a H${_íZa gmh~ Ho$
H$_ao _| OmòJm & AmO dh Z§Jr nrR> na gmh~ Ho$ S>ÊS>o ImòJm & AmO dh ~yQ>m| H$s R>mHo $a|
ImH$a àmU XoJm & bo{H$Z dh {H$gr H$s {_ÞV Zht H$aoJm & {H$gr H$mo n¡gm Zht M‹T>mòJm & {H$gr
H$s nyOm Zht H$aoJm & Omo dmhJwê$ H$s nyOm H$aVm h¡, dh Am¡a {H$gr H$s nyOm-Zht H$a
gH$Vm & Vmo dmhJwê$ H$m Zm_ boH$a...''
Bggo nhbo {H$ dh AnZo H$ho H$mo {H$go _| n[aUV H$aVm, Xmo-EH$ AmX{_`m| _|
~‹T>H$a Vh_X H$s Jm±R> na aIo CgHo$ hmW H$mo nH$‹S> {b`m & dh AnZm hmW Nw>S‹ > mZo Ho$ {bE
g§Kf© H$aZo bJm &
""_wPo OmH$a nyN>Zo Xmo {H$ Š`m _hmË_m Jm§Yr Zo Bg{bE Vwåh| AmOmXr {XbmB© Wr
{H$ ò AmOmXr Ho$ gmW Bg Vah g§^moJ H$a|? CgH$s {_Å>r Iam~ H$a| ? CgHo$ Zm_ na
H$b§H$ bJmdo? Cgo Q>Ho$-Q>Ho$ H$s \$mBbm| _| ~m±YH$a Obrb H$a| ? bmoJm| Ho$ {Xbm| _| CgHo$
{bE Z\$aV n¡Xm H$a| & B§gmZ _o VZ na H$nS>o XoIH$a ~mV BZ bmoJm| H$s g_P _| Zht AmVr &
ea_ Vmo Cgo hmoVr h¡ Omo B§gmZ hmo& _¢ Vmo Amn H$hVm h±ÿ {H$ _¢ B§gmZ Zht, Hw$Îmm h±ÿ.....!''
ghgm ^r‹S> _| XheV-gr \o$b JB© & H${_íZa gmh~ AnZo H$_ao go ~mha {ZH$b
Amò Wo & do _mW| H$s Ë`mo[a`m| Am¡a Mohao H$s Pw[a©`m| H$mo Jham {H$ò ^r‹S> Ho$ {~M _| Am
Jò &
Š`m ~mV h¡? Š`m MmhVo hmo Vw_?
""Amngo {_bZm MmhVm h±,ÿ gmh~ ! gm¡ _abo H$m EH$ JST>m _oao Zm_ Ebm°Q> hþAm
h¡ & dh JS²>S>m AmO dmng H$aZm MmhVm h±ÿ Vm{H$ gaH$ma Cg_o EH$ Vmbm~ ~ZVm Xo Am¡a
A\$ga bmoJ em_ H$mo dhm± OmH$a _N>{b`m± _mam H$a| `m Cg JS²>T> _| gaH$ma EH$ VhImZm
~Zdm Xo Am¡a _oao O¡go Hw$Îmm| H$mo Cg_| ~§X H$a Xo...&''
""Á`mXm ~H$-~H$ _V H$amo, AnZm Ho$g boH$a _oao nmg AmAmo &''
""_oam Ho$g _oao nmg Zht h¡, gmh~! Xmo gmb go gaH$ma _| nmg h¡, AmnHo$ nmg h¡ &
_oao nmg AnZm eara Am¡a Xmo H$n‹S>o h¡ & Mma {XZ ~mX ò ^r Z ah|J,o Bg{bE BÝh| ^r AmO
hr CVmao Xo ahm h±ÿ & BgHo$ ~mX ~mH$s {g\©$ ~mah gm¡ N>ã~rg ~Q>m gmV ah ah OmòJm &
~mah gm¡ N>ã~rg ~Q>m gmV H$mo _ma-_maH$a na_mË_m Ho$ hþOay _| ôO {X`m OmòJm...&''
""`h ~H$dmg ~§X H$amo Am¡a _oao gmW A§Xa AmAmo &''

Am¡a H${_íZa gmh~ AnZo H$_ao _| dmng Mbo Jò & dh AmX_r H$_rO H$ÝYo na
aIo Cg H$_ao H$s Va\$ Mb {X`m &
""Xmo gmb MŠH$a bJmVm ahm, {H$gZo ~mV Zht gwZr & Iwem_X| H$a ahm, {H$gr
Zo ~mV Zht gwZr & dmñVo XoVm ahm, {H$grZo ~mV Zhr gwZr....&''
Am¡a AmYo KÊQ>o ~mX ~obmO ~mXemh _wñHw$amVm hþAm ~mha {ZH$b Am`m & CËgwH$
Am±Im| H$s ^r‹S> Zo Cgo AmVo XoIm Omo dh {\$a ~mobZo bJm, Myho H$s Vah {~Q>a-{~Q>a XoIZo
go Hw$N> Zhr §hmoVm &^m¢H$mo, ^m¢H$mo, g~-Ho$-g~ ^m¡§H$m| & AnZo Amn gmbmo Ho$ H$mZ \$Q>
Om`|Jo & ^m¢H$mo, Hw$Îmmo ^m¢H$mo ...
b‹S> Ho$ Am¡a b‹S> H$r Ho$ H$§Ymo§ na hmW aIVo hþE dh gM_wM ~mXemh H$s Vah g‹S>H$
na MbZo bJm &
""h`mXma hmo, Vmo gmbhm-gmb _±hw bQ>H$mò I‹S>o ahmo &A{O©`m± Q>mBn H$amAmo Am¡a Zb
H$m nmZr & gaH$ma dŠV bo ahr h¡ & Zhr§ Vmo ~oh`mB© hOma ~aH$V h¡ &''
CgHo$ Mbo OmZo Ho$ ~mX H$ånmCÊS> _| Am¡a Amg-nmg _mV_r dmVmdaU nhbo go
Am¡a Jham hmo J`m &
6.2.1 M[aÌ-{MÌU
àñVwV H$hmZr _| H$hmZrH$ma Zo Cg VWmH${WV gaH$mar n[adoe H$m ~o~mH$ Am¡a
gÀMm ñdê$n COmJa {H$`m h¡, Ohm± EH$ gmYmaU Am¡a ^mobm-^mbm AmX_r gaH$mar
H$m`m©b` _| E{S>`m± aJ‹S> -aJ‹S>H$a _a OmVm h¡ _Ja CgH$s H$moB© Zht gwZVm & ì`pŠV
MoVZm H$moo àm`… AnZr H$hm{Z`m| _| _mohZ amHo$e Zo D$±Mm ñWmZ àXmZ {H$`m h¡ & Bg
H$hmZr _§o ImoIbr, Ag§dXo Zerb Am¡a AH$m`©j_ gaH$mar ì`dñWm Ho$ à{V Am_ AmX_r
H$mo {dÐmoh H$aVo hþE {XIm`m h¡ & Bg H$hmZr _| nmÌm| H$s g§»`m AZoH$ na§Vw CZ_| Ho$db
H$hmZr H$m Zm`H$ {OgH$m boIH$ H$m {X`m Zm_ "~obmO ~mXemh' h¡ Am¡a CgZo AnZm
~Vm`m hþAm Zm_ "~mah gm¡ N>ã~rg ~Q>m gmV h¡'' dh H$hmZr H$m _w»` M[aÌ h¡ Am¡a
bJ^J nyar H$hmZr H$m ^ma Am¡a gma Bgr {H$aXma _| h¡ & AÝ` nmÌm| _§o XâVa H$m Mnamgr,
~m~y, H${_íZa gmh~ Am¡a ^r‹S> go OwS>o Hw$N> bmoJ h¢ &
~obmO ~mXemh EH$ gmhgr, {Z{^©H$ Am¡a ÑT> ì`pŠV h¡ & O_rZ Am~§Q>Z Ho$ _m_bo
_| gaH$ma Zo CgZo gmW Omo YmoIm {H$`m Cgo dh ghZ Zht H$a nmVm & àma§^ _| dh A{O©`m
XoZo Am¡a H$m`m©b` _| Cg na hmo ahr H$ma©dmB© H$s àVrjm H$aVm h¡ na§Vw O~ Cgo bJVm h¡ {H$
CgH$s Iwem_X H$aZo go CgH$m H$m_ Zht ~ZoJm V~ dh ~oh`mB© go Zm_ {ZH$mbmZo H$s gmoMVm
h¡ & gaH$mar T>rb-‹T>mb Ho$ {damoY _| dh {Og Jm±Yr{Jar Ho$ Ûmam H«$m§{V H$aVm h¡ dh Bg H$hmZr
H$m _hÎdnyU© nhby h¡ & ì`dñWm go Q>H$amZo Am¡a AnZo hH$ H$mo hm{gb H$aZo H$s Omo ÑT>Vm
Am¡a H$_©R>Vm dh {XImVm h¡ dh àe§gZr` h¡ & Mnamgr Ûmam nw{bg H$m ^` {XImZo na dh
H$hVm h¡ - ""Voar nw{bg _oar ~mXemhr {ZH$mboJr? Vy ~wbm nw{bg H$mo & _¢ nw{bg Ho$ gm_Zo
Z§Jm hmo OmD±$Jm Am¡a H$h±Jÿ m {H$ [ZH$mbmo _oar ~mXemhr ... ò _oao gmW VrZ ~mXemh Am¡a h¡
&''
dh OmZVm h¡ {H$ gaH$mar ì`dñWm H$s V_m_ Hw$énVmAm| H$m gm_Zm Ho$db ~oh`mB©
go {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ & EH$ H$hmdV Ho$ AZwgma- "Z§Jo go Vmo IwXm ^r S>aVm h¡' Ho$ \$m_y©bo
H$m dh Hw$ebVm go à`moJ H$aVm h¡ & gaH$ma H$s boQ> b{V\$ go dh Bg H$Xa ÌñV hmo OmVm
h¡ {H$ Cgo ì`dñWm go b‹S>Zm Wm, KwQ>-KwQ>H$a _aZo _| go H$moB© EH$ amñVm MwZZm n‹S>Vm h¡
& Cgo AnZr B©_mZXma qOXJr na Jd© h¡ & AnZo H$mo dh Ho$db na_mË_m H$m godH$ _mZVm
h¡ Am¡a Cgr H$m emgZ ^r _mZVm h¡ - ""EH$ Vwåhr Zht, `hm± Vw_ g~-Ho$-g~ Hw$Îmo hmo
Am¡a _¢ ^r EH$ Hw$Îmm h±ÿ & \$H©$ {g\©$ BVZm h¡ {H$ Vw_ bmoJ gaH$ma Ho$ Hw$Îmo hmo, h_ bmoJm|
H$s h{S²>S>`m± MygVo hmo Am¡a gaH$ma H$s Va\$ go ^m¢H$Vo hmo & _§¡ na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm h±ÿ &
CgrH$s Xr hþB© hdm ImH$a OrVm h±ÿ Am¡a CgH$s Va\$ go ^m¢H$Vm h±ÿ &''
CgHo$ Bg AmH«$_U go gmam H$m`m©b` ~m¡Ibm OmVm h¡ & CgH$m donadmnZ g~ Ho$
öX` _| ^` OmJ¥V H$a XoVr h¡ & CgH$m AmH«$moe, Mr‹T>, {I‹O EH$ gVmò hþE Am_-AmX_r
H$s à{V{Z{Y ~ZH$a gaH$mar ñV§^mo H$mo {hbmVr h¡ & CgH$s b‹S>mB© gM Ho$ {bE H$s JB©
b‹S>mB© h¡ & A{YH$ma àmár ^r b‹S>mB© h¡ & gaH$mar Vm_Pm_ Ho$ à{V CgH$s Z\$aV eoa H$s
Xhm‹S> _| ~Xb OmVr h¡ & dh AnZm e¡~ Am¡a {Xboar go gaH$mar {gñQ>_ H$mo PwH$m XoVm h¡
- ""Mwhm| H$r Vah {~Q>a-{~Q>a XoIZo go Hw$N> Zht hmoVm & ^m¢H$mo, ^m¢H$mo,§ g~ Ho$ g~ ^m¢H$mo & AnZo
Amn gmbmo Ho$ H$mZm| Ho$ naXo \$Q> Omò§J ^m¢H$mo Hw$Îmm|, ^m¢H$mo...&''
Bg ~obmO ~mXemh H$mo H$hmZrH$ma Zo EH$ {Z^©`, {Z‹S>a, gmhgr Am_ AmX_r Ho$
én _| {M{ÌV {H$`m h¡ Omo AHo$bo AnZo VoOVam©hQ> ì`pŠVËd Am¡a O~mZ Ho$ ~b na AnZo
A{YH$ma H$mo àmá H$aVm h¡ & AÝ` nmÌm§o H$m BVZm A{YH$ {dH$mg Zht hþAm h¡ Am¡a do
Ho$db n[adoe Ho$ à{V {d{Y _mÌ ~ZH$a CnpñWV hþAm h¡ & dñVwV… XoIm OmE Vmo
"na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm' `h H$hmZr EH$ gm§H$o {VH$ AW© H$mo boH$a ~wZr J`r h¡ & {Og_| _w»`
M[aÌ Ho$ ê$n _| H$m`m©b`rZ ^«ï> ì`dñWm H$mo àñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡ & `hr H$maU h¡ {H$
{H$gr ^r nmÌ H$m Zm_H$aU H$hmZr _| Zht {_bVm & H$moB© gaH$mar ì`dñWm `m
A\$gaemhr H$m gVm`m hwAm Am_ B§gmZ h¡, Vmo H$moB© Mnamgr, ~m~y, AOu Zdrg H${_íZa
Amò h¢ & H$hmZrH$ma Zo `WmW© n[adoe Am¡a CgHo$ ^wŠV ^moJr ~mVm| H$m g¥OZ {H$`m h¡ &
CZH$s AZoH$ H$WmE± n[adoe H$mo, CgHo$ {damoYm^mg Am¡a AÀN>mB©-~wamB`m| H$mo boH$a
CnpñWV hmoVr h¢ & BZ H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ nmÌm| _| H$màVm Zhr§ h¡ ~pëH$ ñdm{^_mZ H$s MoVZm
Am¡a {dÐmoh H$s ^mdZm h¡ & dh g_Pm¡Vm `m ghZerbVm H$m amñVm N>mS‹o > grYm Q>H$amd na
CÎma OmVm h¡ & dh hma Zht _mZVm Š`m|{H$ dh OmZVm h¡ {H$ A\$gaemhr IwX ~oea_ h¡,
Bggo ~oea_r go hr b‹T>m Om gH$Vm h¡ & dh AnZr amh H$s {Z_m©U IwX H$aVm h¡ Am¡a OrVH$a
bm¡Q>Vm ^r h¡ & CgHo$ nmg XoZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> Zht h¡, Bg{bE dh ~o{\$H«$ h¡ & - ""AmO dh
Z§Jr nrR> na gmh~ Ho$ S>ÊS>o ImòJm & AmO dh ~yQ>mo H$s R>mHo $a| ImH$a àmU XoJm, bo{H$Z dh
{H$gr H$s {_ÌVm Zht H$aoJm & {H$gr H$mo n¡gm Zht M‹T>mòJm & {H$gr H$s nyOm Zht H$aoJm &''
dh {Z{^©H$, {Z‹S>a ì`pŠV Ho$ ê$n _| AmVm h¡ &
6.2.2 dmVmdaU
na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm EH$ n[adoe àYmZ H$hmZr h¡ & Bg_| gaH$mar H$Mh[a`m| H$s
boQ>b{V\$s, A\$gaemhr H$s Ag§dXo ZerbVm Ho$ H$maU Am_-AmX_r H$s gVm`r qOXJr
Ho$ VrIo Am¡a H$Qw> `WmW© H$s A{^ì`pŠV hþB© h¡ & Bg_| H$hmZrH$ma Zo {ZåZdJ© Ho$ AmX_r
H$mo CgH$s _O~y[a`mo§ Am¡a OrdZg§Kf© Ho$ Ûmam CgH$s hr Ñ{ï> go àñVwV {H$`m h¡ & dh
A\$gaemhr Ûmam Xmo gmb go AOu bQ>H$mò OmZo go hmo aho AÝ`m` H$mo ghZ Zht H$aVm&
Z Iwem_X H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Z [aídV XoVm h¡, ~pëH$ grYo {dÐmoh H$aZo na CVa AmVm h¡ &
`h H$hmZr EH$ gVmò hþE Am_-AmX_r H$s ghZepŠV Ho$ A§V H$mo ^r COmJa
H$aVr h¡ & `h H$hmZr AmYw{ZH$ OrdZ H$s {ddeVmAm| Am¡a g_ñ`mAm| na ^r àH$me
S>mbVr h¡ VWm gaH$mar ì`dñWm H$s AZoH$ {dH¥${V`m| na àH$me S>mbVr h¡ & H$hmZr H$m
n[adoe EH$ `WmW© n[adoe h¡ {Ogo AmO ^r gaH$mar H$Mh[a`m| _| AZw^d {H$`m Om gH$Vm
h¡ & ~obmO ~mXemh H$m \$Q>ohmb OrdZ Am¡a Hw$b~wbmVm _Z CgHo$ AmH«$moe _| \y$Q> n‹S>Vm
h¡ & dh OmZVm h¡ {H$ gå^«mV§ nyU© ì`dhma go g\$bVm Zht {_b gH$Vr, V~ dh AnZr
embrZVm N>mS‹o > H$a Z§Jno Z na CVa AmVm h¡ & Cgo nw{bg Ûmam _ma ImZo `m Oob OmZo H$m
S>a Zht bJVm Š`m|{H$ dh AnZo nyao n[adma H$mo boH$a H$Mhar _| S>ao m S>mb XoVm h¡ {H$ O~
VH$ Cgo Ý`mg Zht {_bVm, dh _moM} go Zht hQ>Jo m &
6.3 ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ.
* "na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm' H$hmZr _| gaH$mar ì`dñWm Ho$ ImoIbonZ, {ZpîH«$`Vm
Am¡a [aídVImoar H$m `WmW© n[adoe àñVwV h¢, - gmoXmhaU ñnï> H$r{OE &
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* "na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm' _| ~oVmO ~mXemh A\$gaemhr go {H$g àH$ma g§Kf©
H$aVm h¡, ñnï> H$s{OE &
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.................................................................................................
* ~oVmO ~mXemh Zo gaH$mar H$_©Mm[a`m| Ho$ H$m_ H$aZo H$s Tw>b_wb nÕ{V Ho$
à{V AmH«$moe H$mo ñnï> H$r{OE &
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(I)qhXr
Eg.dm`.~r.E. {Q>ßn{U`m±
gm_mÝ` - 62
* AmX_r H$m Hw$Îmm - Ho$ g§dmX
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* "na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm' erf©H$
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* gaH$mar H$Mhar H$m H$m_H$mO
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* "na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm' H$hmZr H$m ì`§½` &
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* ~oVmO ~mXemh Zo H$Mhar _| {H$g H$m_ Ho$ {bE AOu Xr Wr?
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* AnZm Zm_ nyN>Zo na ~obmb ~mXemh Zo Š`m Zm_ ~Vm`m?
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* gaH$ma H$s Amoa go ~oVmO ~mXemh H$mo {H$VZr O_rZ Ebm°Q> hþB© Wr?
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* ""_wPo gm¡ _abo H$s OJh nMmg _abo Xo Xmo - bo{H$Z O_rZ Vmo Xmo! _Ja
AOu Xmo gmb go dŠV bo ahr h¡ & _¢ ^yIm _a ahm h±,ÿ Am¡a AOu dŠV bo
ahr h¡! ''
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* ""h`mXma hmo, Vmo gmbhm-gmb _±hw bQ>H$mò I‹S>o ahmo & A{O©`m± Q>mBn H$amAmo
Am¡a Zb H$m nmZr {n`mo & gaH$ma dŠV bo ahr h¡ & Zht Vmo ~oh`mB© hOma
~aH$V h¡ &''
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* ""B§gmZ Ho$ VZ na H$n‹S>o XoIH$a ~mV BZ bmoJm| H$s g_P _| Zht AmVr & ea_
Vmo Cgo hmoVr h¡ Omo B§gmZ hmo & _¢ Vmo Amn H$hVm h±ÿ {H$ _¢ B§gmZ Zht, Hw$Îmm
h±y &''
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6.4 gmam§e
H$hmZrH$ma _mohZ amHo$e Zo Bg H$hmZr _| EH$ gmYmaU AmX_r Ho$ gaH$mar
H$m_H$mO H$s nÕ{V Ho$ {dê$Õ {H$E JE {dÐmoh H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ & H$hmZr _| Cg
gm_m{OH$ `WmW© H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ {Og_| EH$ Am_ AmX_r H$mo A\$gaemhr Ho$ {dê$Õ
Q>H$amd H$s pñW[V _| bm`m h¡, {Og_| Zm¡H$aemhr Ho$ à{V AmH«$moe âm {dÐmohr ñda h¡ &
Xmo df© AOu Ho$ bQ>H$mò OmZo na dh ~m¡Ibm OmVm h¡ & CgHo$ {bE gå_mZ bm`H$ qOXJr
OrZo H$m gmYZ Ho$db gaH$ma Ûmam àXmZ H$s JB© O_rZ h¡, Omo EH$ ~‹S>m gm JS²>T>m h¡ &
dh gaH$ma Ho$ H$m_ H$aZo H$s nÕ{V, {ZpîH«$`Vm, ~m~w`m| H$s Ag§dXo ZerbVm Ho$ H$maU
g§Kf© H$aZo na CVa AmVm h¡ & dh AnZo g§Vmn Am¡a {d{deVm H$s gmar _`m©XmE± VmoS‹ >H$a
{Zb©OVm _| ~Xb XoVm h¡ & dh AmnZm ImoIbm AmXe©dmX \|$H$a {Xboar gmhg go H$Mhar
_| O_ OmVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo CÔoí` _| g\$bVm ^r àmá H$aVm h¡ & ì`§½`mË_H$ e¡br _o _mohZ

amHo$e Zo gaH$mar Xâ_am| H$s boQ>b{V\$s, Ag§doXZerbVm H$mo ì`ŠV H$aVo hþE CgH$s
ghZerbVm H$s n[agr_m IË_ hmoZo go CgH$s {Z{^©H$Vm Ed§ g§Kf© epŠV H$mo COmJa {H$`m
h¡ &
6.5 eãXmW©
AOr©Zdrg - AOr {bIZodmbm
~m~y - gaH$mar H$_©Mmar, ŠbH©$
_O_m - g^m
Vno{XH$ - `ú_m amoJ, Q>r.~r.
dŠ\$m - Hw$N> Xoa H$m R>hamd
_wñV¡Xr - VËnaVm
Ë`mo[a`m - Jwñgm hmoZm
hm{H$_ - gaH$mar A{YH$mar
Vh_X - bwJ§ r
_abm - O_rZ H$m Zmn
hþZa - H$m¡eb

* gaH$mar ì`dñWm Ho$ H$maU emo{fV Am¡a àVm{‹S> V {ZåZ _Ü`dJ© go g§~{§ YV
H$hm{Z`m| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE &
* gaH$mar H$m_H$mO go OwS>m AnZm AZw^d Am¡a "na_mË_m H$m Hw$Îmm' H$hmZr
H$s g_ñ`m H$s VwbZm H$s{OE&
* {H$gr gaH$mar XâVa H$s H$m_H$mO H$s nÕ{V H$m {ZarjU H$r{OE &
* gaH$mar A\$ga go OmH$a {_{bE Am¡a ~mVMrV H$s{OE &
6.7 A{VapŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVHo$§


BH$mB© - 7
Xÿgao-H$_boída
AZwH$« _
7.0 CÔoí`
7.1 àñVmdZm
7.2 {df` - {ddaU
H$hmZr - Xÿgao
7.2.1 {ZåZ _Ü`_dJu` `wdVr H$m _mZ{gH$ Û§Û
7.2.2 Xÿgam| Ho$ hñVjon go CËnÞ g_ñ`mE±
7.4 gmam§e
7.5 eãXmW©
7.0 CÔoí`
* {ZåZ-_Ü`dJ© H$s `wdVr H$r _mZ{gH$Vm H$mo g_PZm &
* Xÿgam| H$s XIbA§XmOr go {Z{_©V `mVZmAm| go n[a{MV hmoZm &
* H$_boída Ho$ `WmW©dmXr Ñ[ï>H$moU H$mo g_PZm &
7.1 àñVmdZm
qhXr _| ZB© H$hmZr H$mo à{V{ð>V H$aZo _| H$_boída H$m `moJXmZ _hËdnyU© ahm h¡ & do EH$
loð> H$hmZrH$ma hr Zht loð> CnÝ`mgH$ma Am¡a AmbmoMH$ ^r h¡§ & CÝhm|Zo AË`§V à{VHy$b
dmVmdaU _| {ejm àmá H$s & gZ² 1954 _| Bbmhm~mX {díd{dÚmb` go E_.E.{H$`m
Am¡a Cgr ñWmZ go nrEM.S>r. H$aZm MmhVo Wo & AnZm AZwgY§ mZ H$m`© ^r CÝhm|Zo Ama§^
{H$`m Wm qH$Vw dh AYyam N>mSo > {X`m Am¡a H${R>ZmB`m|-g§Kfm] go `wŠV gm{hË` boIZ H$m
_mJ© MwZm & AnZo g§nH©$ _| AmE hþE bmoJm| Ho$ OrdZ _| Á`mo{V àÁd{bV H$s & H$_boída
Zo AnZo OrdZ _| AZoH$ CVma-MT>md XoI| qH$Vw Bg g\$a _| CÝhm|Zo ~‹S>o gmhg-{hå_V go
H$m_ {H$`m &
H$_oída Ho$ nmg {ZVm§V `WmW©dmXr Ñ{ï>, à^mdembr ì`pŠVËd,Ma_ AmË_{dídmg

âm ñda h¡ & OrdZ _| do gXm ^mJVo hr aho h¡ & _¡Znwar go Bbmhm~mX, Bbmhm~mX go {X„r,
{X„r go ~å~B© AZoH$ ñWmZm| H$m g\$a ahm h¡ & qH$Vw H$_boída AnZo H$ñ~o _¡Znwar go
_mZ{gH$ én go BVZo Ow‹S> MwHo$ Wo {H$ Bbmhm~mX _| ahVo hþE ^r do dht H$s ~mV| gmoMm H$aVo
Wo & ha _hrZo _¡Znwar OmH$a H$hmZr H$s ^y{_H$mE± boH$a Am`m H$aVo Wo & CZH$m OrdZ-
Xe©Z {H$gr go à^m{dV Z hmoH$a AnZo AZw^dm| H$m ghO àñVw{VH$aU h¡ &
H$_boída gZ² 1950 B©. Ho$. ~mX Ho$ loð> H$hmZrH$ma h¡ & do CnÝ`mg H$s Anojm
H$hmZr _| A{YH$ à^mdr {gÕ hþE h¡ & Am_-AmX_r H$m Xþ…I, XX©, A^md, g§Kf© VWm
_O~yar H$mo nH$‹S>Zo H$m à`ËZ BZH$s H$hm{Z`m| _| {XImB© XoVm h¡ & H$_boída H$s ha H$hmZr
OrdZ Ho$ gÝX^m] go Ow‹S>r hþB© {XImB© XoVr h¡ & Z`r H$hmZr Ho$ aMZmH$mam| _| H$_boída
AnZr {deof nhMmZ ~ZmZo _| g\$b hþE h¡ & "amOm {Za~§{g`m' go boH$a "_mZgamoda Ho$
h§g' VWm "BVZo AÀN>o {XZ VH$' H$hm{Z`m| H$m aMZmË_H$ {dH$mg CZHo$ g_` Ho$ bmoJmo
H$s AÝVa§JVm go OwS‹ >o hþE boIH$ H$m Jm¡adembr {dH$mg h¡ & CZH$s nhbr H$hmZr H$m_aoS>
gZ² 1948 _o§ EQ>m (C.à.) go "Aßgam' n{ÌH$m _| àH$m{eV hþB©& H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go
OrdZ H$s ~XbVr pñW[V`m| Ed§ _yë`mo§ H$mo A{^ì`pŠV H$s h¡§ & {OZHo$ g§dXo Zerb nmÌ
AZw^dm| Ho$ ~rM go JwOaVo hþE OrdZ H$s `WmW© {ñW{V`m| H$mo ñdrH$maZo na _O~ya hmo OmVo
h¢ & H$_boída Zo Am_-AmX_r H$s ^mfm H$mo gm{hpË`H$ én àXmZ H$aHo$ H$hmZr {dYm _|
ZB© e¡br H$m {dH$mg {H$`m h¡ & CZHo$ à_wI H$hmZr g§J«h h¢ - "gmoB© hþB© {XemE±', "amOm
{Za§~{§ g`m', "H$ñ~o H$m AmX_r', "_m§g H$m X[a`m'Am¡a "{OÝXm _wX'} &
CnÝ`mgH$ma Ho$ ê$n _| ^r CZH$r H$m_ gamhZr` h¡ & BZH$m H$Wm ^y{_-H$ñ~m| go
boH$a _hmZJam| Ho$ {d[^Þ joÌmo§ VH$ \¡$br hþB© h¡ & gm_Ý` AmX_r H$s {OÝXJr VWm CgH$s
{dg§J{V H$mo H$_boída Zo AnZr aMZmAm| _| à^mdr T>J§ go A{^ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡ & CZHo$
CnÝ`mg h¡§- EH$ g‹S>H$ gÎmdmZ J{b`m±', "S>mH$ ~§Jbm', "bm¡Q>o hþE _wgm{\$a", "Vrgam
AmX_r', "g_wÐ _| Imo`m hþAm AmX_r', "H$mbr Am±Yr' Am¡a "AJm_r AVrV' &
"Xÿgao' H$_boída H$s EH$ gm_m{OH$ H$hmZr h¡ & ~‹S>o eha Ho$ {ZåZ-_Ü`dJ©
n[adma _| ahZo dmbr EH$ `wdVr H$s _mZ{gH$Vm H$m {MÌU `WmW© én _| hþAm h¡ & AW©
Ho$ A^md go n[adma H$m OrdZ g§Kf© VWm CZH$m AmË_{dídmg S>m±dmS>mob hþAm h¡ & Xÿgao
bmoJm| Ho$ XIb Ho$ H$maU EH$ n[adma H$m OrdZ {H$g àH$ma à^m{dV hþAm h¡ & ò Omo
"Xÿgao' h¡, ~mha dmbo h¡ CZHo$ H$maU gwZrVm H$mo Omo `mVZm ^moJZr n‹S>Vr h¡, CgH$m `WmW©
{MÌU àñVwV H$hmZr _| hþAm h¡ &
7.2 {df` {ddaU

H$hmZr "Xÿgao'
gwZrVm EH$ {ZåZ _Ü`dJu` n[adma H$r b‹S>H$s h¡ & CgHo$ {nVm h[ad§ebmb {H$gr

XþH$mZ _| H$m_ H$aVo h¡ & H$_ VZ»dmh _| Ka MbmVo h¡ & gwZrVm Ka _o § g~go ~‹S>r h¡ ,
hmo{e`mE h¡, ~w{Õ_mZ h¡ & {nVmOr Cgo n‹T>mZm MmhVo h¡ bo{H$Z H¡$go? Am{W©H$ n[apñW[V
Ho$ H$maU AnZo ~ÀMm| H$s {\$g âZo _| Ag_W© h¡ & gwZrVm Zo ~r.E. Vmo H$a {b`m h¡,
na , `h dhr OmZVr h¡& CgHo$ {nVm, ha df© Eogr g§ñWmAm| Ho$ nmg hmW \¡$bmVo h¢, Omo
CgH$s n‹T>mB© Ho$ {bE Am{W©H$ _XX Xo gH|$ & Ka _| Am¡a ^r n‹T>Zo {bIZo dmbo h¢ & g^r
^mB© Am¡a ~hZo§ ñHy$b _| OmVo h¢ Am¡a {nVmOr CZH$s \$sg _m\$ H$admZo Ho$ {bE ^mJ-Xm¡S‹ >
H$aVo Wo & CÝh| BVZm OmoS‹ >-VmoS‹ > H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡.. {\$a ^r dh g~ Zht hmo nmVm Omo do
MmhVo h¡ & Am{W©H$ {dnÞVm Ho$ H$maU gwZrVm Zm¡H$ar H$aZm MmhVr h¡ na§Vw Cgo Eogr g{d©g
^r Zhr§ {_bVr, Omo Oam n¡a O_m Xo & H$_ go H$_ dh Bg Kaoby XþIX pñW[V go Vmo C~ma
gH$Vr h¡ & _m±-~mn Cgo Hw$N> Zht H$hVo {\$a ^r dh AnZr H$mo{ee Omar aIVr h¡ & Ka
_| O~ ^r CgH$r emXr H$s MMm© hmoVr h¡, Cgo AnZr ~oH$mar H$m ~hþV Jham Ehgmg hmoZo
bJVm h¡ Am¡a `h ~mV Cgo ~war bJVr h¡ & emXr H$m CgZo {damoY ^r {H$`m h¡, O~ dh
H$moB© N>mQo >r Zm¡H$ar H$aVr h¡, Cg {damoY _| EH$ dOZ Am OmVm h¡... O¡go Zm¡H$ar AnZo-
Amn emXr H$s OéaV H$mo nrN>o T>H$o b XoVr, bo{H$Z ~oH$mar Ho$ {XZm| _| dh IwX ~hþV JbV-
gm _hgyg H$aZo bJVr h¡ & _m± `m {nVmOr O~ Yrao go {H$gr b‹S>Ho$ H$s MMm© H$aVo h¢,
Vmo CgH$m {damoY AnZo-Amn H$_Omoa n‹S>Vm h¡& _Zm dh V~ ^r H$aVr h¡ na§Vw Cgo IwX
emXr Z H$aZo H$s AnZr ~mV ImoIbr-gr bJZo bJVr h¡ &
EH$ {ZåZ _Ü`dJ© n[adma H$s gwZrVm Ho$ gwZhao gnZo h§¡ & AJa Cgo AÀN>r g{d©g
{_b OmE, Vmo Yrao-Yrao CgHo$ g~ gnZo gmH$ma hmo gH$Vo h¢ & dh gmoMVr h¡ CgH$m AnZm
AbJ H$_am hmo OmE± Am¡a dh AnZr amoO_am© H$s {OÝXJr H$mo AnZr Vah go T>mb gHo$ &
^mB©-~hZm| H$mo CZH$s _Ou Ho$ _wVm{~H$ gå_m{ZV {OÝXJr Xo gH|$ & na§Vw dmñV{dH$Vm
Hw$N> Am¡a h¡, Ka _| h_oem YZ Ho$ A^md _| OrdZ OrZm AË`§V H$ï>H$a hmo OmVm h¡ & Ka
_| gX¡d qMVmJ«ñV pñW{V ~Zr ahVr h¡ & XþH$mZ H$m _m{bH$ AJa {nVmOr H$mo ~wT‹ >mno H$s
dOh go {ZH$mb Xo, Vmo Š`m hmoJm? ñHy$b _| ^mB©-~hZm| H$s \$sg _m\$ Z hm|, Vmo Š`m
hmoJm? `h qMVm n[adma _| ~Zr ahVr h¡ & n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW[V Ho$ H$maU hr XÿY
{S>nmo Ho$ E[a`m _¡ZO o a Zo gwZrVm H$mo H$m_ {X`m Wm {H$ Cgo _XX hmo OmE & CÝhm|Zo ~‹S>o
CnH$ma H$m ^md OVmVo hþE gwZrVm Ho$ {nVm Or go H$hm Wm- ""had§ebmb Or, O~ VH$
AmnH$s b‹S>H$s H$mo H$ht Am¡a g{d©g Zht {_bVr, XÿY {S>nmo na ôO {X`m H$s{OE... _¢
Hw$N> H$a X±yJm .. Mmbrg-n¡Vmbrg énE ^r Š`m ~wao h¡ &'' BVZm hr Zht Vmo ~Jb Ho$
Amoda{gà gmh~ Zo ^r CnH$ma Ho$ ^md go Cgo H$hm Wm -""~m~y h[ad§e bmbOr, gwZrVm
go H${hE XmoZm| ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>m {X`m H$a|, Vrg énE _¢ Xo {X`m H$ê±$Jm & '' `h ~mVo§ gwZH$a
AOr~-gr MmoQ> bJVr h¢ & na§Vw {ddeVm Ho$ H$maU dh Hw$N> Zht H$a nmVr & CZHo$ Ka
_| {H$go Š`m H$aZm Mm{hE `h ~mha dmbo {ZpíMV H$aVo h¢, CÝh| `h A{YH$ma {H$gZo
{X`m? Oam-Oam gr ~mV _| CZ Xÿgam| H$m XIb ahVm h¡ Omo Ka Ho$ Zht h¡ & Ka _| H$m¡Z

gr _erZ AmE, Bgo AnZr AZwnpñW{V _| H$O©Xma V` H$a boVo h¢ & _m± Ho$ Am¡a ~ÀMo hm|
`m Z hmo, BgH$m \¡$gbm n‹S>mogr H$a MwHo$ h¢ & {nVm Or MwZmd _| {H$go dmoQ> Xo, `h "Xÿgao'
V` H$a XoVo h¢ & ^mB©-~hZ Š`m n‹T>o Am¡a {H$g bmBZ _| OmE± `h {ZU©` CZ ñHy$bm| Zo Zhr§
boZo {X`m, Omo nyar \$sg _m±JVo h¢ & ~ÀMo§ {H$g Vaho Ho$ H$n‹S>o nhZ| `h ~hþV hX VH$ XOu
IwX V` H$a boVm h¡ &
gwZrVm O~ emXr go BÝH$ma H$aVr h¡, EH$ jU Ho$ {bE dh AnZm {ZU©` ñd`§
boVr h¡ Am¡a hëH$s-gr gmW©H$Vm H$m Cgo Ehgmg hmoVm h¡ & CgH$m AnZm dOZ Hw$N>
~‹T>Vm-gm h¡ Am¡a dh {\$a Zm¡H$ar H$s Vbme _| OwQ> OmVr h¡... H$moB© N>moQ>r g{d©g {_bZo
na dh N>moQ>-N>moQ>o \¡$gbm| go ~±Yr AmOmXr _hgyg H$aZo bJVr h¡ & dh Hw$N> {ZU©` ñd`§
boVr h¡ & {Og_|§ EH$ nmd XÿY ~‹T> m boZm, nmZr O_m H$aZo Ho$ {bE a~a H$m nmB©n bmZm,
AnZo {bE ãbmD$O H$m Z`m H$n‹S>m ngÝX H$aZm, {nVmOr H$mo ZE OyVo bo XoZm, `h H$hZo
H$m A{YH$ma nm OmVr h¡ & _m± H$m BbmO H$m¡Z go S>mŠ° Q>a Ho$ `hm± hmoZm Mm{hE? Bg am`
XoZo H$s ñd`§ÌVm {_b OmVr h¡ ... na§Vw gwZrVm Ho$ OrdZ H$s ñdV§ÌVm EH$ {XZ Yrao go
g_má hmo OmVr h¡ & ha ~mV _| Xÿgao AZOmZ VarHo$ go XIb XoZo bJVo h¢ & ~mha Ho$ Xÿgao
bmoJm| Ho$ Bemam| na nyam Ka MbZo bJVm h¡ & ~mha Ho$ bmoJ BZHo$ Ka H$m \¡$gbm H$aZo
bJVo h¢ &
gwZrVm H$s emXr H$s ~mV O~ Xÿgao-~mha dmbo H$aVo h¢, V~ Cgo ~hþV Jwñgm
AmVm h¡ & ~mha H$m H$moB© Xÿgam ì`pŠV CZHo$ Ka AmH$a _m± H$mo ~VmVm h¡ - ""gwZrVm H$mo
Š`m| ~¡R>m aIm h¡ ... nwéfmoÎm_ ~m~y Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ go ~mV MbmD±$ ? V~ Cgo ~hþV ~wam bJVm
h¡, CgH$s emXr H$m {ZU©` ^r CgHo$ `m Kadmbm| Ho$ hmW _| Zht h¡ & `h \¡$gbm ^r H$moB©
Xÿgam hr H$aoJm Am¡a Cgo ñdrH$ma H$aZm n‹S>Jo m Bgr{bE dh emXr go BÝH$ma H$aVr h¡ & dh
ñd`§ AnZm \¡$gbm Vmo Zht bo nmVr, na§Vw Xÿgao H$m {ZU©` H$m dh {damoY H$aVr h¡ & ~mha
Ho$ bmoJm| H$s ~mV| gwZ-gwZ H$a ~‹T>Vo X~md go g§ÌñV _m± Am¡a {nVmOr K~amH$a gwZrVm H$s
emXr Ho$ g§X^© _| ~mV| H$aVo h¢ & Xygam| Ho$ {ZU©` H$mo do AnZm {ZU©` g_PZm MmhVo h¢, na
{ZU©` Xo Zhr§ nmVo & BZ Xÿgam| Ho$ H$maU CgH$m OrdZ ApñVËd hrZ ~Z J`m h¡& gwZrVm
gmoMVr h¡ - ""CgHo$ Ka _| AÑí` ê$n _| Kwgo hþE bmoJm| H$mo dh {ZH$mb gH|$, CZ \¡$gbm|
H$mo CbQ>m gH|$ Omo CZ Xÿgam| Zo {bE h¢ Am¡a boOo Om aho h¢ & Ka _| BVZo Á`mXm Xÿgao bmoJ
{N>nH$a Kwgo hþE h¢ {H$ CÝhm|Zo gwZrVm H$m ahZm Xÿâ H$a {X`m h¡ & ^mB©-~hZm| H$m ^{dî`
V` H$a aIm h¡ Am¡a _m±-{nVmOr H$mo ~oMmam ~Zm aIm h¡ & gwZrVm H$m _mZ{gH$ Û§Û Bg
H$hmZr _| àñVwV hwAm h¡ & dh g~ Hw$N> ghZo Ho$ {bE {dde h¡ & gwZrVm H$m _m_m CgHo$
{bE EH$ [aíVm bm`m h¡ & CgZo `h {ZU©` bo {b`m H$s dh [aíVm gwZrVm Ho$ {bE AÀN>m
h¡ & EH$ {XZ _m± Zo gwZrVm H$mo AnZo nmg {~R>mVo hþE H$hm Wm- "Vwåhmao _m_m Zo EH$ b‹S>H$m
XoIm h¡ & .. CÝho§ ngÝX h¡ & do Omoa ^r ~hþV Xo aho h¢ ... Vy Vmo OmZVr hr h¡.. ha naoemZr
_o§ gmW {X`m h¡ ...?'' _m± AàË`j ê$n go gwZrVm H$mo emXr Ho$ {bE {dde H$aVr h¡ & gwZrVm

H$s Am±Io ZrMo O_rZ _| J‹S>r hþB© Wr & {nVmOr d¡go hr MwnMmn boQ>o Wo Am¡a _m± AnZo H$m`©
_| ì`ñV Wr & EH$ jU Ho$ {bE gwZrVm Xþ{dYm _| \±$g JB© & CgH$s Am±I| S>~S>~m AmB© Wr
Am¡a Am°g§ A
w m| H$mo amoH$Vo hþE CgZo H$hm Wm- ""O¡gm Amn bmoJ R>rH$ g_Po'' _m± Zo gwZrVm Ho$
H§$Yo na AnZm hmW aIm Am¡a Yrao-Yrao CgH$s nrR> WnWnmVr ahr & {nVm Or Zo d¡go hr boQ>-o
boQ>o Jhar gm±g br Wr Am¡a EH$ hmW go AnZr Am±Im| H$mo T>H± $ {b`m Wm O¡go n[adma _| g~
EH$mÝV MmhVo Wo .. Omo {H$gr Ho$ Zgr~ _| Zhr§ Wm &
7.2.1 {ZåZ _Ü`dJu` `wdVr H$m _mZ{gH$ Û§Û
H$_boída H$s àñVwV H$hmZr _| EH$ {ZåZ _Ü`dJu` n[adma _o nbr gwZrVm Ho$
_mZ{gH$ Û§Û H$m `WmW© {MÌU hþAm & n[adma _| gwZrVm g~go ~‹S>r h¡ & CgHo$ {nVm
h[ad§ebmb {H$gr XwH$mZ na H$m_ H$aVo h¡ & Cggo {_bZo dmbr aH$_ _| AnZo Ka-n[adma
H$m IMm© CR>mVo h¢ & ha dŠV Ka _| OéaV| ~Zr ahVr h¢, AW© Ho$ A^md go ~ÀMm| H$s {ejm
H$s qMVm CÝh| gVmVr h¡ & gwZrVm Zo ~r.E. Vmo H$a {b`m h¡ na§Vw ~‹S$o g§Kf© go {nVmOr H$s
^mJ-Xm¡S‹ > XoIH$a dh naoemZ hmo OmVr h¡ & AnZo n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V Ho$ H$maU
dh ZmoH$ar H$aZm MmhVr h¡, {Oggo dh AmnZo {nVm H$s Hw$N> _XX H$a gHo$ & O~ H$^r
CgH$s emXr H$s MMm© MbVr h¡ Cgo EH$mEH$ AnZr ~oH$mar H$m Jham Ehgmg hmoZo bJVm
h¡ Am¡a `hr ~mV Cgo ~war ^r bJVr h¡ & emXr H$m dh {damoY ^r H$aVr h¡, na§Vw ~oH$mar
Ho$ {XZm| _| dh IwX ~hþV JbV - gm _hgyg H$aZo bJVr h¡ & _m± `m {nVmOr Yrao go {H$gr
b‹S> >H$o H$s MMm© H$aVo h¢, Vmo CgH$m {damoY AnZo Amn H$_Omoa nS>Vm h¡ & Ka H$s pñW{V
Ho$ H$maU O~ ~hma dmbo Xÿgao bmoJ CnH$ma H$m ~moY H$amVo h¢, V~ gwZrVm Ho$ _Z H$mo ~‹S>r
Jhar MmoQ> bJVr h¡ & XÿY {S>nmo _| E[a`m _¡ZO o a Zo gwZrVm Ho$ {nVm go ~‹S>o CnH$ma Ho$ ^md
go H$hm Wm- ""h[ad§ebmb Or, O~ VH$ AmnH$s b‹S>H$s H$mo H$ht Am¡a g{d©g Zht {_bVr
XÿY {S>nmo na ôO {X`m H$s{OE... _¢ Hw$N> H$a X±Jÿ m .. Mmbrg-n¡Vmbrg énE ^r Š`m
~wao h¡ &'' ~mha dmbo Xÿgam| H$s pñW[V XoIH$a CnH$ma H$m ^md {XImZm Zht N>mS‹o >Vo & CZHo$
n‹S>mgo Ho$ Amoda{gà gmh~ Z ô r H$hm Wm, ""~m~y h[ad§ebmb Or, gwZrVm go H${hE XmoZm|
~ƒm| H$mo n‹T>m {X`m H$a|, Vrbg énò _¢ Xo {X`m H$ê±$Jm...'' gwZrVm H$mo `h g~ gwZH$a
~‹S>r `mVZm hmoVr h¡ & gwZrVm AnZo n[adma H$s pñW{V H$mo gwYmaZm MmhVr h¡ & na§Vw {XZ-
à{V-{XZ Ka _| Oam-Oam gr ~mV _| CZ Xÿgam| H$s XIb ahVr h¡ Omo Ka Ho$ Zht h¡ &
_mVm-{nVm _| A^md J«ñV OrdZ go dh AË`§V Xþ…Ir hmoVr h¡ & gwZrVm Ho$ _Z _| Amem
H$s {H$aU h¡, dh AnZo n[adma Ho$ CÁdb ^{dî` Ho$ gnZo XoIVr h¡ na§Vw CgHo$ gnZo
gmH$ma Zht hmoVo & Cgo nr‹S>m CZ bmoJm| go hmoVr h¡, Omo CZHo$ Ka Ho$ {ZU©` _| XIb A§XmOr
H$aVo h¢ & ~mha H$m H$moB© Xÿgam AmH$a Ka _| _m± H$mo ~VmVm h¡ - ""gwZrVm H$mo Š`m| ~¡R>m
aIm h¡ ... nwéfmoÎm_ ~m~y Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ go ~mV MbmD±$?'' Bg àH$ma go Xÿgam| Ho$ hñVjon go
dh Xþ…Ir hmo OmVr h¡ & CgH$s emXr H$m {ZU©` ^r CgHo$ `m Ka dmbm| Ho$ hmW _| Zht
ah J`m & gwZrVm H$mo Bggo Am§V[aH$ nr‹S>m hmoVr h¡ & dh ñd`§ AnZm \¡$gbm Vmo Zht bo
nmVr, na§Vw Xÿgao Ho$ {ZU©` H$m {damoY H$aVr h¡ & A§V_| CgHo$ _m_m CgHo$ {bE EH$ [aíVm
boH$a AmVo h¢ & _mVm-{nVm H$s {ddeVm Ho$ AmJo dh AnZr emXr Ho$ {bE gh_Vr Xem©Vr
h¡ & gwZrVm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go H$_boída Zo CZ g^r {ZåZ _Ü`dJr©` `wd{V`m| Ho$ _mZ{gH$ Û§Û
H$m {MÌU {H$`m h¡ & Omo _mVm-{nVm Ho$ {ZU©` H$mo ñdrH$maZo Ho$ {bE {dde hmoVr h¡ &
7.2.2 Xÿgam| Ho$ hñVjon go CËnÝZ g_ñ`mE±
"Xÿgao' H$hmZr H$m _yb H$Ï` àVrH$mË_H$ h¡ & ~mhadmbo "Xÿgao' Ho$ hñVjon Ho$ H$maU
had§ebmb Ho$ n[adma H$mo Omo `mVZm PobZr n‹S>Vr h¡ VWm gwZrVm H$mo {H$g àH$ma Xÿgam| Ho$
{ZU©` H$mo {dde hmoH$a _mZZm n‹S>Vm h¡ & H$hmZr _| BgH$m `WmW© {MÌU hþAm h¡ & Xÿgam|
Ho$ H$maU EH$ n[adma H$m OrdZ {d{^Þ g_ñ`mAm| go JwOaVm h¡ & had§ebmb Ho$ Ka _| Xÿgam|
Ho$ {ZU©`, g_ñ`mAmo§ H$m H$maU ~ZVo h¢ & Ka-n[adma Ho$ gXñ` H$m AnZm H$moB© {ZU©` Zht
hmoVm & Oam-Oam gr ~mV _| Xÿgam| H$s XIb ahVr h¡ & {H$VZr YwYbt-gr XIb h¡ Xÿgam|
H$s, na {H$VZr gånyU§© & CZHo$ Ka _o H$m¡Z gr MrO AmE Am¡a H$m¡Z gr Z AmE BgH$m {ZU©`
do ñd`§ Zhr§ boV,o ~[ëH$ ~mha dmbo Anm`© "Xygao' boVo h¢ & Ka _| _erZ AmE {H$ Z AmE,
Bgo AnZr AZwnpñW{V _| hr H$O©Xma V` H$a boVo h¢ ... AZOmZ VarHo$ go _m± Ho$ Am¡a ~ÀMo
hmo `m Z hmo, BgH$m \¡$gbm n‹S>mgo r H$a MwH$o h¢ & {nVm Or MwZmd _| {H$go dmoQ> Xo, `h Xÿgao
V` H$a XoVo h¢ Am¡a {deof ~mV CÝho§ Bg ~mV H$s H$gH$ ^r Zht hmoVr H$s do gmoMH$a AnZm
{ZU©` bo gH|$ & ^mB©-~hZ Š`m n‹T>o Am¡a {H$g bmBZ _| OmE± `h {ZU©` CZ ñHy$bm| Zo Zhr§
boZo {X`m, Omo nyar \$sgo _m±JVo h¢ & ~ÀMo§ {H$g Vaho Ho$ H$n‹S>o nhZ| `h H$B© ~ma XOu IwX V`
H$a boVm h¡ & gwZrVm emXr go BÝH$ma H$a, AnZm {ZU©` ñd`§ boVr h¡ & V~ Cgo hëH$s-gr
gmW©H$Vm H$m Ehgmg hmoVm h¡ & N>mQo >-o N>mQo >o \¡$gbo boH$a dh AmOmXr _hgyg H$aVr h¡ bo{H$Z
EH$ {XZ Yrao go g~ Hw$N> g_má hmo OmVm h¡ & ha ~mV _| Xÿgao AZOmZ VarHo$ go XIb XoZo
bJVo h¡ & BZ Xÿgam| Ho$ Bemam| na Ka MbZo bJVm h¡ & Ka Ho$ g^r bmoJ Xÿgam| Ho$ {ZU©` go
naoemZr _hgyg H$aVo h¢ & ~mha Ho$ bmoJ gwZrVm H$s _m± go H$hVo h¢- ""Bgo Ka _o Š`m| ~¡R>m
aIm h¡?'' Bggo gwZrVm Ho$ _Z na ~‹S>m AmKmV hmoVm h¡ & gwZrVm H$s emXr H$m {ZU©` ^r
CgHo$ `m Kadmbm| Ho$ hmW _| Zht ah OmVm h¡ & `h \¡$gbm ^r H$moB© Xÿgam hr H$aoJm Am¡a Cgo
g~ ñdrH$ma H$aZm n‹S>Jo m & Xÿgam| Ho$ ~T>Vo X~md go g§ÌñV _m± Am¡a {nVm K~am-K~amH$a
AnZr ~mV H$hVo ahVo h¢ & A§V _o gwZrVm H$s emXr H$m {ZU©` CgHo$ _m_m boVo h¢ & {Ogo
gwZrVm H$m n[adma ñdrH$maZo Ho$ {bE {dde h¢ &
* gwZrVm Ho$ _mZ{gH$ Û§Û H$mo ñnï> > H$r{OE &
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* Xÿgam| Ho$ hñVjon go {Z{_©V g_ñ`mAm| H$m dU©Z H$s{OE &
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* gwZrVm Ho$ n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V Ho$ n[aUm_m| H$mo {b{IE &
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* gwZrVm ñd`§ {ZU©` boZo na gmW©H$Vm Š`m| _hgyg H$aVr h¡ ?
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* gwZrVm H$m OrdZ g§Kf©
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* gwZrVm H$m emXr H$m \¡$gbm
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* H$hmZr H$s ^mfme¡br
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* "Xÿgao' erf©H$ H$s gmW©H$Vm
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* gwZrVm H$hm± VH$ n‹T>r Wr ?
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* Amoda{gà gmh~ Zo gwZrVm Ho$ {nVmOr go Š`m H$hm Wm?
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* XÿY {S>nmo Ho$ _¡ZOo a gmh~ gwZrVm H$mo {H$VZr VZImh XoZm MmhVo h¢ ?
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* gwZrVm H$s emXr {H$gZo V` H$s h¡?
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* ""Cgo Eogr g{d©g ^r Zht {_bVr, Omo Oam n¡a O_m Xo &... ''
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* ""Vy Vmo OmZVr hr h¡ ~oQ>m {H$ Voao _m_m Zo h_ bmoJm| H$m ^bm hr gmoMm h¡....
ha naoemZr _| gmW {X`m h¡ ... &''
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* ""_m± Ho$ Am¡a ~ÀMo hmo `m Z hmo, BgH$m \¡$gbm n‹S>mgo r H$a MwH$o h¢ &''
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* ""O¡gm Amn bmoJ R>rH$ g_Po...... &''
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7.4 gmam§e
"Xÿgao' H$_boída H$s M{M©V H$hmZr h¡ & AnZr H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go CÝhm|Zo
`wJrZ gË` H$mo A{^ì`pŠV Xr h¡ & AnZo H$Ï` _| do gXm hr ñnï>Vm boH$a Mbo h¡ & {H$gr
^r g_ñ`m H$mo do Iwbr Am±Im| go XoIH$a, nyar Vah g_PH$a ~‹S>r g\$mB© go noe H$aVo h¡§&
àñVwV H$hmZr _| boIH$ Zo ~‹S>o eha Ho$ {ZåZ _Ü`dJr©` `wdVr H$s _mZ{gH$Vm H$m {MÌU
`WmW© ê$n _| {H$`m h¡ & EH$ {ZåZ _Ü`dJ© n[adma H$s ~r.E. nmg gwZrVm Zm¡H$ar H$aHo$
AnZo {nVmOr H$s ghm`Vm H$aZm MmhVr h¡ na§Vw Xþ^m©½` go Cgo H$moB© AÀN>r Zm¡H$ar Zht
{_bVr Omo CgHo$ n¡a O_m Xo & Ka H$s X`Zr` pñW[V Ho$ H$maU CÝh| h_oem Xÿgam| H$s
ghm`Vm na {Z^©a ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡ & n[aUm_V… n‹S>mgo r, [aíVoXma AWm©V Xÿgao hr CZHo$ Ka
Ho$ g^r {ZU©` boZo bJVo h¢ & AnZo Ka _| ha N>moQ>o go N>moQ>o {ZU©` ^r Xÿgao bmoJ boVo h¢&
Bggo gwZrVm H$mo AOr~ gr MmoQ> bJVr h¡ & AnZo Ka _| Xÿgam| H$m XIb gwZrVm H$mo
H$MmoQ>Vm h¡ & `hm± VH$ H$s CgH$s emXr H$s qMVm CgHo$ _mVm, {nVm go A{YH$ ~mha dmbm|
H$mo h¢ & do gwZrVm H$s emXr Ho$ AZoH$ àñVmd bmVo h¢ & CÝhr _| go EH$ H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo
Ho$ {bE gwZrVm {dde h¡ & gwZrVm H$mo Bg ~mV H$m ~wam Zht bJVm {H$ CgHo$ _mVm-{nVm
CgH$s emXr Ho$ ~mao _o ~mV H$aVo h¢, ~pëH$ ~wam Bg ~mV H$m bJVm h¡ {H$ ò gmar ~mV|
CgHo$ _mVm-{nVm H$mo Xÿgao bmoJ hr ~VmVo h¢ & gwZrVm H$mo ~wam Bg[bE bJVm h¡ {H$ CZHo$
Ka _| AnZm ñd`§ H$m Hw$N> ^r Zht h¡ & BZ gmar ~mVm| go gwZrVm H$mo ~hþV Šboe hmoVm h¡ &
"Xÿgao' H$hmZr _| {ZåZ-_Ü`_dJu` OrdZ H$s Am{W©H$ XþamdñWm, OrdZ g§Kf© H$mo
{M{ÌV H$aZm boIH$ H$m CÔoí` ahm h¡ & g_mO _| A^mdJ«ñV OrdZ {~VmZo dmbm ~hþV
~‹S> m g_yh h¡ & `h dJ© AmO Am{W©H$ ê$n go {N>Þ-{^Þ hmo MwH$m h¡, VWm{n H$b H$s
Amem na Or{dV h¡ & Xoe H$s ~‹T>Vr ~oH$mar CgH$s AmemAm| H$mo nyar Zht hmoVo XoVr & n‹T>mB©
Ho$ ~mX ^r Zm¡H$ar Z {_b nmZo H$s pñW[V _| CZH$m n[adma g_mO _| X`Zr` ~ZVm OmVm
h¡ Am¡a Xÿgao bmoJ CZHo$ Ka _| hñVjon H$aZm àma§^§ H$a XoVo h¢ & Cg hñVjon Ho$ H$maU
Ka Ho$ g^r H$mo hmoZo dmbr nr‹S>m VWm Mwn ahH$a ghZo H$s {ddeVm àñVwV H$hmZr Ho$
_mÜ`_ go ì`ŠV hþB© h¡ & qhXr H$hmZr gm{hË` H$mo H$_boída H$s g~go ~‹S>r XoZ CZH$s
^mfm h¢ & CZH$s ^mfm ñnï>, ghO Am¡a gab Xoe Ho$ Am_ AmX_r H$s ^mfm h¡ & AnZo
Amg-nmg Ho$ n[adoe H$mo {Og ~marH$s go CÝhm|Zo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ dh CZHo$ gyú_ Am¡a JhZ
Ñ{ï> H$m n[anmnH$ h¡ & àñVwV H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go `h ~mV ñnï> hmoVr h¡ {H$ Ka H$s
X`Zr` AdñWm Ho$ H$maU Kadmbm| H$mo Xÿgam| H$s ghm`Vm na {Z^©` ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡ &
n[aUm_ ñdê$n Xÿgao hr CZHo$ Ka Ho$ ~mao _| g^r {ZU©` {b`m H$aVo h¢ & Xÿgam| Ho$ hñVjon
go Omo `mVZm gwZrVm Am¡a CgHo$ n[adma H$mo ^moJZr n‹S>Vr h¡ dh AË`§V g§dXo Zerb h¡ &
`hm± VH$ H$s CgH$s emXr H$m {ZU©` H$moB© Am¡a boVm h¡, Cgo ñdrH$maZo Ho$ {bE dh {dde h¡ &
7.5 eãXmW©
Mw^Z - nr‹S>m
dOZ - à^md
ah_ - H¥$nm
\w$g\w$gmH$a ~mV| H$aZm -Yrao-Yrao ~mobZm
{hH$maV - Aà{Vð>m, K¥Um
XIb XoZm - hñVjon H$aZm
~oMmam hmoZm - {dde, bmMma hmoZm
gw^rVm - gw{dYm-Amam_go
{~gmV - j_Vm
ImoIbr - {ZaW©H$
OH$‹S>r - ~§Yr hþB©
H$VamZm - S>aZm
{Zhm`V - ~hþV
~Q>mao Zm - OwQ>Zm
CbPZm - JwËWr, qMVm
* Am{W©H$ {dnÞVm Ho$ n[aUm_m| na AnZo {dMma {b{IE &
* ""Xÿgao'' H$hmZr H$s g_rjm H$s{OE &
* H$_boída H$s AÝ` H$hm{Z`m| H$mo nT>H$a {_Ìm| H$mo gwZmBE &
* Amn Ho$ {ZH$Q>dVu _Ü`dJ©-n[adma _| OmH$a {ZarjU H$s{OE &
7.7 A{VapŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVHo$§

BH$mB© - 8
qOXJr Am¡a Jwbm~-Cfm {à`d§Xm
AZwH$« _
8.0 CÔoí`
8.1 àñVmdZm
8.2 {df` - {ddaU
H$hmZr - qOXJr Am¡a Jwbm~
8.2.1 {e{jV ~oamoOJma gw~moY H$s {ddeVm
8.2.2 Zm¡H$ar H$aZodmbr d¥§Xm Ho$ ì`pŠVËd _| ~Xbmd
8.2.3 erf©H$ H$s gmW©H$Vm
8.4 gmam§e
8.5 eãXmW©
8.0 CÔoí`
* AWm©OZ© H$s j_Vm hr n[adma _| gå_mZ H$m AmYma hmoVr h¡ Bggo n[a{MV hm|Jo &
* Cfm {à`d§Xm H$s OrdZ Ñ{ï> H$s OmZH$mar {_boJr &
* Zm¡H$ar Ho$ A^md _| `wdH$ H$m OrdZ {H$g àH$ma ApñVËd hrZ ~Z OmVm h¡ &- Bgo
g_P nmE±Jo &
8.1 àñVmdZm
nm±Mdo XeH$ _| {hÝXr Ho$ {OZ H$WmH$mam| Zo nmR>H$m| Am¡a g_rjH$m| H$m Ü`mZ g~go
Á`mXm AmH${f©V {H$`m CZ_| Cfm {à`d§Xm H$m Zm_ AË`§V _hËdnyU© h¡ & {nN>bo bJ^J
nm±M XeH$m| go ò {ZaÝVa g¥OZaV h¡ & Bbmhm~mX {díd{dÚmb` go Cfm {à`d§Xm Zo A§JO « r
gm{hË` _| nrEM.S>r. Cnm{Y àmá H$s Am¡a Bgr {díd{dÚmb` _| A§JO « r H$s àmÜ`m{nH$m
{Z`wŠV hþB© & AnZr à{V^m Am¡a `mo½`Vm Ho$ ~b na AmOH$b A_o[aH$m Ho$ {díd{dÚmb`
_| A§JO
« r H$s àmo\$o ga h¡ & Cfm {à`d§Xm H$s H$hm{Z`m± A{YH$ gm\$ h¡ Am¡a H$mì`mË_H$
AZJ‹T> Vm go _wŠV h¡ & Cfm {à`d§Xm Zo gm\$-gwYar D$na go ghO {XIZo dmbr, Jå^ra

Am¡a AW©nU y © H$hm{Z`m± {bIr h¡ & CÝh| gm{hË` g¥OZ àoaUm lrnVam` Or go {_br &
CZH$s nhbr H$hmZr "bmb MwZa' g[aVm n{ÌH$m _| àH$m{eV hþB© & CgHo$ ~mX CZH$s "Rw>Å>r
H$m {XZ' Am¡a "{OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~' O¡gr geŠV H$hm{Z`m± àH$m{eV hþB© & Cfm {à`d§Xm
Zo A_o[aH$m Ho$ ^mfm{dX² {H$_ {dbgZ go {ddmh {H$`m & A_o[aH$m OmZo Ho$ níMmV ^r
qhXr ^mfm Ho$ à{V CZH$m AmH$f©U H$_ Zht hþAm & CZH$s AZoH$ H¥${V`m| H$m g¥OZ
A_o[aH$m nmíd©^{y _ na {H$`m J`m Am¡a CZ_§o dmVmdaU H$s gOrdVm {Z_m©U hmo JB© &do
_ybV… EH$ AË`§V g§dXo Zerb Zmar h¡ & CÝhm|Zo AnZr aMZmAm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Zmar H$s
^md-^mdZmAm| H$mo dmUr XoZo H$m à`mg {H$`m h¡ & nmaån[aH$ Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ OrdZ _yë`m|
Ho$ ~rM bQ>H$Vr Zmar H$s _mZ{gH$ N>Q>nQ>mhQ>, doXZm Am¡a nr‹S>m H$mo CÝhm|Zo Jhar AZw^{y V
Ho$ gmW A{^ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡ gmW hr nm[adm[aH$ _yë`, ~XbVo ñÌr-nwéf g§~Y§ mo; g§X^m]
_| Zmar H$s {d{dY g_ñ`mAm| H$mo {dñV¥V én {X`m h¡ &
{OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~ go CZH$s H$hmZr `mÌm àma§^ hþB© & BgHo$ ~mX "{\$a dg§V
Am`m, "EH$ H$moB© Xÿgam, {H$VZm ~‹S>m PyR>', '_oar {à` H$hm{Z`m±', "eyÝ` Ed§ AÝ` aMZmE±'
Am{X H$hmZr g§Jh« àH$m{eV hþE & CnÝ`mgH$ma Ho$ én _| CÝh| A{YH$ g\$bVm {_br &
nMnZ Iåô bmb Xrdma|, éH$moJr Zht am{YH$m, eof `mÌm, AÝVad§er, ^`m H$~ra CXmg
Am{X à_wI CnÝ`mg h¢ & Cfm {à`d§Xm H$s à{gÕ H$hm{Z`m± h¢- "_moh~§Y', "ny{V©', "Xmo
A§Yao 'o , "Mm±X MbVm ahm', "H±$Q>rbr N>mQ§° >', "{H$VZm ~‹S>m PyR>', "à{VÜd{Z`m±', "ñdrH¥${V',
"_N>{b`m±', VWm "dmngr'& CZH$s H$hm{Z`m| _| _w»`V… XmoZ àH$ma H$m n[adoe h¢ ^maVr`
Am¡a {dXoer n[adoe & CZHo$ Zmar nmÌ ñdV§ÌVm H$m nyU© A{YH$ma nmZm MmhVo h¢ & {hÝXr
H$s g_H$mbrZ H$hmZr bo{IH$mAm| _| do _hËdnyU© ñWmZ aIVr h¡ &
"{OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~' Cfm {à`d§Xm H$s EH$ AË`§V _hËdnyU© Am¡a M{M©V H$hmZr
h¡ & àñVwV H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go bo{IH$m Zo AWm©OZ H$s j_Vm hr n[adma _| {H$g àH$ma
gå_mZ H$m _w»` AmYma h¡ Bg ñnï> {H$`m h¡ & H$hmZr H$m Zm`H$ gw~moY O~ Zm¡H$ar H$aVm
Wm V~ Ka _| VWm g_mO _| CgH$s à{Vð>m Wr & Ka _| Cgr H$m A{YH$ma MbVm Wm &
na§Vw gw~moY H$s Zm¡H$ar {H$gr H$maU Ny>Q> OmVr h¡ Am¡a dh ~oamoOJma hmo OmVm h¡ & CgH$s
~hZ d¥X§ m H$mo Zm¡H$ar bJ OmVr h¡ & O~ n[adma _| Am_XZr H$m òmoV d¥X§ m ~ZVr h¡ Vmo
n[adma OZm| H$m CgHo$ à{V ad¡`m ~Xb OmVm h¡ & nhbo CgHo$ ^mB© gw~moY H$s _Ou Ho$
AZwgma Ka MbVm Wm Am¡a A~ dh ~oamoOJma h¡ Vmo d¥X§ m H$s _Ou Ho$ AZwgma Ka MbVm
h¡ & dh AnZo AmnH$mo H§$nbrQ> \o${bà _mZVm h¡ &
1.8.2 {df` {ddaU
H$hmZr - {OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~
gw~moY "{OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~' H$hmZr H$m à_wI M[aÌ h¡ & n‹T>m-{bIm gw~moY Zm¡H$ar
H$aVm h¡ & {H$gr H$maU CgH$s Zm¡H$ar Ny>Q> OmVr h¡ Am¡a dh ~oamoOJma hmo OmVm h¡ & O~
dh Zm¡H$ar H$aVm Wm V~ nyao Ka Ho$ H|$Ð _| dh Wm & na§Vw O¡go hr CgH$s Zm¡H$ar Mbr JB©,
Ka _o dh AnZm _hËd Imo MwH$m h¡ & A~ CgH$s ~hZ d¥X§ m H$mo Zm¡H$ar {_br h¡ AV… Ka
Ho$ H|$Ð _| A~ d¥§Xm h¡ & gw~moY Ho$ H$_ao H$s gmar MrO| Yrao-Yrao d¥§Xm Ho$ H$_ao _| Om MwH$s
h¢ & gw~moY Ho$ H$_ao H$m H$mbrZ {ZH$mb {X`m J`m h¡ Am¡a {H$Zmao na aIr hþB© _oO ^r Zht
h¡ & _oO na H$mJO Ho$ \y$bm| H$m Omo JwbXñVm ahVm Wm, dh {I‹S>H$s Ho$ Eogo H$moZo _| aIm
Wm, O¡go _oO hQ>Zo dŠV Cgo dhm± d¡go hr aI {X`m J`m hmo & Cgr JwbXñVo _| H$^r-H$^r
emo^m AnZo ~mJ Ho$ Jwbm~ bJm OmVr Wr & A~ Vmo gw~moY H$s à{_H$m ^r Cgo {_bZo Zht
AmVr H$maU CgH$s gJmB© hmo J`r Am¡a CgHo$ ^mdr n{V H$mo AÀN>r Zm¡H$ar h¡, gw~moY O¡gm
~oamoOJma Zht h¡ & gw~moY H$mo O~ nVm MbVm h¡, {H$ CgHo$ H$_ao H$m H$mbrZ hQ>m {X`m
J`m h¡ & Vmo dh _m± go nyN>Zo AmVm h¡ & _m± gw~moY go H$hVr h¡ {H$ d¥§Xm AnZo H$_ao _| bo
J`r h¡ & CgH$s Hw$N> gho{b`m± AmO ImZo na AmZo dmbr h¡ & gw~moY H$mo AmíM`© hþAm
Š`m|{H$ dh BVZr gr ~mV nhbo hr Š`m| Z g_P J`m? CgH$s gmar MrO| d¥ÝXm Ho$ H$_ao
_o Om MwH$s Wr & g~go nhbo n‹T> Zo H$s _oO, {\$a K‹S>r, Amam_ Hw$gr© Am¡a A~ H$mbrZ ^r
Mbm J`m & nhbo gw~moY H$mo AnZr H$moB© MrO d¥§Xm Ho$ H$_ao _| XoIH$a AQ>nQ>m bJVm Wm,
na§V A~ dh g~ g_P J`m h¡ & dh ~oamoOJma h¡ Am¡a d§Xm H$_m ahr h¡ & CgH$m nwéf öX`
Ka _| d¥X§ m H$s gÎmm ñdrH$ma Z H$a nm ahm Wm &
gw~moY H$s AdñWm Zm¡H$ar Ho$ A^md _| ~‹S>r {d{MÌ hmo JB© & A~ gw~moY H$s _Ou
Ho$ AZwgma Ka Zht MbVm & d¥§Xm Omo Zm¡H$ar H$aVr h¡ & CgH$s _Ou go Ka MbVm h¡ &
Ho$db Cnojm H$mo ghZm gw~moY H$s {Z`{V ~Z JB© h¡ & gw~moY AnZr ào{_H$m emo^m go H$hVm
h¡ {H$- ""_¢ Vmo Hw$N> ^r Zht H$a ahm h°§ÿ & Bg ~mV H$mo ñdrH$ma H$a bmo {H$ _¢ {OÝXJr _|
\o${bà h°ÿ§, H$ånbrQ> \o${bà'' O¡go CgH$s {OÝXJr _| \w$bñQ>mn° bJm J`m h¡ & dh emo^m
go H$hVm h¡ {H$ Vwåhmao \$mXa Zo R>rH$ hr {H$`m Vw_ gwIr hmo OmAmoJr & ß`ma go ~‹S>r AmJ
hmoVr h¡ ^yI H$s, noQ> H$s & dh AmJ Yrao-Yrao g~ Hw$N> brb boVr ho &''
EH$ {XZ gw~h gw~moY Zo ~am_Xo _| Ymo~r H$mo XoIm & Cgo XoIH$a gw~moY Zo AnZo gmao
JÝXo H$n‹S>o BH$Æ>o H$a CZH$m T>oa bJm {X`m & CgHo$ g^r H$n‹S>o H$m\$s _¡bo hmo MwHo$ Wo &
gw~moY Zo O~ AnZo hr H$moQ> H$s Oo~ Q>Q>mobr Vmo CgH$s C±J{b`m°§ EH$ BH$Þr go Q>H$am`r &
{Ogo boH$a dh nmZ H$s XþH$mZ na J`m EH$ {gJaoQ> IarXm Am¡a ObmH$a EH$ Jham H$e
ItMm & WmoS‹ >r Xoa ~mX O~ dh Ka bm¡Q>m Vmo amñVo _| Ymo~r {_bm, Am¡a CgZo gw~moY H$mo
Xmo~mam gbm_ {H$`m & gw~moY Zo Hw$N> amo~ O_mZo hþE Ymo~r go H$hm {H$ H$n‹S>o Oam OëXr
bmZm & gw~moY O~ Ka bm¡Q>m H$_ao _| KwgVo hr CgHo$ _¡bo H$n‹S>m§o H$m T>oa Cgo d¡go hr n‹S>m
{XImB© {X`m, O¡gm dh N>mS‹o > J`m Wm & Cgo ~hþV H«$moY Am`m & CgZo Aå_m H$mo dhr
éH$H$a nwH$mam ""_oao H$n‹S> o YwbZo Š`m§o Zht JE ?'' _m± gw~moY go H$hVr h¡ nVm Zht- ""~oQ>m
d¥§Xm Xo ahr Wr, Cggo H$hm Wm {H$ Vwåhmao ^r Xo Xo &'' gw~moY H$m Jwñgm M‹T> Am`m MrIH$a
dh ~mobm ""{H$VZo {XZm| go JÝXo H$n‹S>o nhZ ahm h±ÿ & nÝÐh {XZ _| Zmbm`H$ Ymo~r Am`m,
Vmo Cgo ^r H$n‹S>o Zht {XE JE & Vw_ _m±-~oQ>r MmhVr Š`m hmo ? AmO _¢ ~oH$ma h±ÿ Vmo _wPgo
Zm¡H$am|-gm ~Vm©d {H$`m OmV h¡! bmZV h¡ Eogr {OÝXJr na &'' dh H«$moY _| Ka N>mS‹o >H$a
Mbm OmVm h¡ & amñVo _| dh gmB{H$b gdma go Q>H$am OmVm h¡ & dh {Ja n‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a
CgHo$ D$na gmB{H$b & CgH$s H$moh{Z`m± g‹S>H$ go {N>br, Cgo Vrd« nr‹S>m hþB© & dh
b§JS>mVm hþAm nmH©$ H$s ~|M na AmH$a ~¡R>m & ~mJ Ho$ \y$bm| H$mo XoIZo bJm & ~hþV g_`
Ho$ ~mX Cgo _m± H$s `mX AmB© & em`X dh {MpÝVV XadmOo na I‹S>r hmo, CgHo$ BÝVOma
_| ^yIr hmo & nyam {XZ {~V J`m na§Vw H$moB© Cgo ImoOVm hþAm Zht Am`m & d¥X§ m H$mo `h
nVm Wm {H$ dh AH$ga nmH©$ _| ~¡R>m H$aVm h¡ & _Ja Cgo Š`m \$H©$ n‹S>Vm h¡ & O~ nmH©$
~ÝX H$aZo H$m g_` hmo J`m Vmo Mm¡H$sXma gw~moY H$mo Ka OmZo H$mo, H$hVm h¡ & {dde hmoH$a
dh Ka bm¡Q>m, H$moZo _| _¡bo H$n‹S>mo H$m T>ao Wm, JÝXm {~ñVaI {VnmB©na ImZm T>H± $m hþAm
Wm & gw~moY bmbMr H$s Vah OëXr-OëXr ~‹S>o-~‹S>o H$moa> ImZo bJm &
8.2.1 EH$ {e{jV ~oamoOJma gw~moY H$s {ddeVm
Cfm {à`§dXm H$s M{M©V H$hmZr "{OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~' H$m à_wI nmÌ gw~moY h¡&
n‹T>-{bIm gw~moY nhbo Zm¡H$ar H$aVm Wm, na§Vw CgH$s Zm¡H$ar Ny>Q> JB© & A~ dh ~oamoOJma
h¡ & Bg H$maU Ka VWm g_mO _| CgH$s à{Vð>m Zht h¡ & O~ dh Zm¡H$ar H$aVm Wm V~
nyao Ka Ho$ H|$Ð _| dh Wm & A~ CgH$s Zm¡H$ar Mbr JB©, Ka _|o dh AnZm _hËd Imo MwH$m
& A~ CgH$s ~hZ d¥§Xm H$mo Zm¡H$ar {_br h¡ & AWm©OZ H$m dh òmoV h¡ & AV… Ka Ho$ H|$Ð
_§o A~ d¥§Xm h¡ & gw~moY Ho$ H$_ao go nT>Zo H$s _oO, K‹S>r, Amam_ Hw$gr© Am¡a H$mbrZ g~
Yrao-Yrao d¥X§ m Ho$ H$_ao _| Mbo OmVo h¢ & gmao Ka na A~ d¥X§ m H$m hr A{YH$ma MbVm h¡ &
Ka Ho$ g^r {ZU©` dh boVr h¡ &
Zm¡H$ar Ny>Q> OmZo go gw~moY Qy>Q> OmVm h¡ & CgH$s ào{_H$m emo^m H$s gJmB© hmo OmVr
h¡ & CgH$m hmoZo dmbm n{V AÀN>r Zm¡H$ar H$aVm h¡ & gJmB© Ho$ ~mX O~ CgH$s _wbmH$mV
emo^m go hmoVr h¡ & Cg g_` dh AnZo AmnH$mo AË`§V Ag\$b _mZVm h¡ & dh AnZr
doXZm BZ eãXm| _| àH$Q> H$aVm h¡- ""_¢ Vmo Hw$N> ^r Zht H$a ahm h±ÿ & Bg ~mV H$mo ñdrH$ma
H$a bmo {H$ _¢ {OÝXJr _o \o${bà h±ÿ, H$ånbrQ> \o${bà & Hw$N> Zht H$a gH$m & O¡go _oar
{OÝXJr _| A~ \w$bñQ>mn° bJ J`m h¡ & A~ Eogo hr ah±Jÿ m & Vwåhmao \$mXa Zo R>rH$ hr {H$`m
& Vw_ gwIr hmoAmoJr & ß`ma go ~‹S>r EH$ Am¡a AmJ hmoVr h¡, ^yI H$s, noQ> H$s ! dh AmJ
Yrao-Yrao g~ Hw$N> brb boVr h¡ ...'' Ka _| ^r h_oem dh Cnojm ghVm h¡ & `hm± VH$
{H$ gw~moY Ho$ _¡bo H$n‹S> o Ymo~r H$mo YmoZo Ho$ {bE XoZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm _hgyg Zht hmoVr &
dh H«$moY _o§ Ka N>mo‹S> H$a Mbm OmVm h¡ na§Vw H$moB© Cgo ImoOZo Zht OmVm & AnZo OrdZ _|
Hw$N>> Z H$a gH$Zo H$s nr‹S>m Cgo gVmVr h¡ & {XZ â dh nmH©$ _| ahm & O~ nmH©$ ~ÝX H$aZo
H$m g_` hþAm Vmo Mm¡H$sXma Cgo Ka OmZo H$mo H$hVm h¡ & ~oamoOJmar Ho$ H$maU dh bmMma
h¡, {dde h¡ & CgH$s emXr ^r Qy>Q> JB© h¡ & CgH$m AmË_{dídmg nyar Vah Imo J`m h¡ &
dh AnZo Amn H$mo H$ånbrQ> \o${bà _mZVm h¡ AWm©V OrdZ énr narjm _| \o$b g_PVm
h¡ & O~ {Zame, bmMma hmoH$a dh AnZo Ka bm¡Q>Vm h¡ H$moZo _| _¡bo H$n‹S>m| H$m T>oa bJm
Wm & T>rbr MmanmB©, JÝXm {~ñVa Am¡a {VnmB© na CgH$m ImZm T>H$m hþAm Wm & gw~moY
MmanmB© na ~¡R>H$a {H$gr bmb{M`m| H$s Vah OëXr-OëXr ~‹S>o-~‹S>o H$moa ImZo bJm &
~oamoOJmar _Zwî` Ho$ OrdZ H$mo {H$VZm {dde H$a XoVr h¡ & BgH$m `WmW© {MÌU àñV¥V
H$hmZr _| hþAm h¡ & gw~moY AmO Ho$ dV©_mZ `wJ Ho$ ~oamoOJma, bmMma, {dde `wdH$ H$m
àVrH$ h¡ &
8.2.2 Zm¡H$ar H$aZo dmbr d¥§Xm Ho$ ì`pŠVËd _| ~Xbmd
"{OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~' H$hmZr H$m EH$ _hËdnyU© nmÌ d¥X§ m h¡ & dh H$hmZr Ho$
Zm`H$ gw~moY H$s ~hZ h¡ & dh {ddmh `mo½` h¡ na§Vw CgH$m ~oamoOJma ^mB© gw~moY CgH$m
{ddmh H$aZo _| Ag_W© h¡ & gw~moY O~ Zm¡H$ar H$aVm Wm V~ _m± Am¡a d§X¥ m XmoZm| CgHo$
B§VOma _| ~¡R>r ahVr Wr & d¥X§ m h_oem gw~moY Ho$ ~mX hr ImZm ImVr Wr & gw~moY H$s
{XZM`m© Ho$ AZwgma hr d¥X§ m Ka Ho$ g^r H$m_ {H$`m H$aVr Wr na§Vw V~ d¥X§ m Zm¡H$ar Zht
H$aVr Wr & AmO g_` Am¡a pñW{V ~Xb J`r h¡ & AmO gw~moY ~oamoOJma h¡ Am¡a d¥X§ m
Zm¡H$ar H$aZo bJr h¡ & AmË_{Z^©aVm Ho$ H$maU CgHo$ ì`dhma _| ~Xbmd AmVm h¡ & d¥X§ m
Ho$ Bemao na A~ gmam n[adma MbVm h¡ & Ka Ho$ gmao _hËdnyU© Am¡a gm_mÝ` \¡$gbo A~
dh H$aVr h¡ & gw~moY O~ Zm¡H$ar H$aVm Wm V~ dh CgH$s ~hþV BÁOV H$aVr Wr & na§Vw
O~ go dh ~oamoOJma hþAm h¡ Am¡a d¥X§ m Zm¡H$ar H$aZo bJr h¡, V~ go dh AnZo ^mB© H$s
Cnojm H$aZo bJr h¡ & CgH$o ì`dhma _| H$m\$s ~Xbmd Am`m h¡, Ohm± nhbo dh gw~moY Ho$
^moOZ go nhbo H$^r ^moOZ VH$ Zht {H$`m H$aVr Wr, dhr qd¥Xm A~ Bg ~mV H$s nadmh
Zht H$aVr {H$ gw~moY Zo ^moOZ {H$`m `m Zht & BVZm hr Zht gw~moY Ho$ H$_ao H$s gmar
_hËdnyU© dñVwE± dh AnZo H$_ao _| bo OmVr h¡ & Zm¡H$ar H$aZo Ho$ H$maU d¥X§ m _| BVZm
n[adV©Z hþAm H$s dh AnZo ~‹S>o ^mB© gw~moY H$s Cnojm H$aZo bJr & CgH$s Cnojm BVZr
~‹T> JB© h¡ {H$ dh gw~moY Ho$ H$n‹S> VH$ Ymo~r go YwbdmZm Amdí`H$ Zhr g_PVr & d¥§Xm
AmO Ho$ `wJ H$s bS>H$s h¡, Omo [aíVm| go Á`mXm n¡gm| H$mo _hËd XoVr h¡ &
8.2.3 erf©H$ H$s gmW©H$Vm
Cfm {à`d§Xm H$s "{OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~' H$hmZr H$m erf©H$ àVrH$mË_H$ h¡ &
dmñVd _| _Zwî` H$m OrdZ Jwbm~ Ho$ \y$b H$s Vah hmoVm h¡ & Jwbm~ Ho$ \y$b _| gw§XaVm
hmoVr h¡, gwJ§Y hmoVr h¡ Am¡a H$m§Q>o ^r hmoVo h¢ & {OÝXJr ^r Bgr Jwbm~ Ho$ \y$b H$s Vah
hmoVr h¡ & OrdZ _| H$^r gwI Ho$ jU AmVo h¢ Vmo H$^r Xþ…I Ho$ ^r AmVo h¡ & H$hmZr H$m
erf©H$ gw~moY Am¡a d¥X§ m H$s n[adma _| pñW{V H$mo aoIm§{H$V H$aVm h¡ & O~ gw~moY Zm¡H$ar
H$aVm Wm V~ CgH$s pñW[V Jwbm~ H$s gwX§ aVm Am¡a gwJY§ O¡gr Wr & gmam Ka Cgr Ho$
Bemao na MbVm Wm Am¡a d¥X§ m Ho$ {hñgo _| V~ H$m§Q>o AmE Wo & AmO Xþ^m©½` go pñW{V
EH$X_ ~Xb J`r h¡ & gw~moY ~oamOJma h¡ Am¡a d¥X§ m Zm¡H$ar H$aZo bJr h¡ & A~ pñW{V nyU©
n[ad{V©V hþB© h¡ & AmO Jwbm~ énr gw§XaVm Am¡a gw§JY d¥§Xm Ho$ {hñgo _| h¡ Am¡a H$m±Q>o gw~moY
Ho$ {hñgo _| & Bg àH$ma H$hmZr H$m erf©H$ AË`§V g_n©H$ VWm g^r Ñ{ï> go n[anyU© h¡,
C{MV h¡, gmW©H$ h¡ &
* "{OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~' H$hmZr H$s g_ñ`m na àH$me S>m{bE &
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* gw~moY H$s {ddeVm H$mo ñnï> H$s{OE &
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* "{OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~' H$hmZr Ho$ erf©H$ H$s gmW©Vm ñnï> H$s{OE &
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* gw~moY H$m M[aÌ-{MÌU
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* d¥X§ m Ho$ ì`pŠVËd _| Am`m ~Xbmd
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* ~oamoOJma gw~moY H$s {ddeVm
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* gw~moY H$s ào{_H$m H$m¡Z h¡ ?
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* gw~moY Ho$ H$_ao go CgH$r MrOo H$hm± OmVr h¡ ?
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* gw~moY Ho$ H$n‹S>o Ymo~r H$mo Š`m| Zhr§ {XE OmVo ?
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* H$hmZr H$s bo{IH$m H$m Zm_ {b{IE?
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(K) g§X^© ñnïr>H$aU -
* ""nhbo AnZr MrO d¥X§ m Ho$ H$_ao _| gOr XoI Cgo Hw$N> AQ>nQ>m bJVm Wm,
na A~ dh Aä`ñV hmo J`m h¡ & `Ú{n CgH$m nwéf hmW Ka _| d¥X§ m H$s gÎmm
ñdrH$ma Z H$a nmVm Wm &'
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* ""{H$VZo {XZm| go JÝXo H$n‹S> o nhZ ahm h±ÿ & n§Ðh {XZ _| Zmbm`H$ Ymo~r Am`m,
Vmo Cgo ^r H$n‹S>o Zhr§ {Xò Jò & Vw_ _m±-~oQ>r MmhVr Š`m hmo? AmO _¢
~oH$ma h±ÿ Vmo _wPgo Zm¡H$am| gm ~Vm©d {H$`m OmVm h¡ &''
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* ""dh AnZo H$_ao _| Am`m & H$moZo _| _¡bo H$n‹S>m| H$m T>ao Wm & T>rbr MmanmB©,
JÝXm {~ñVa, {VnmB© na ImZm T>H± $m hþAm Wm &''
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8.4 gmam§e
Cfm {à`§dXm {hÝXr H$s EH$ loð> _{hbm H$WmH$ma h¡ & "{OÝXJr Am¡a Jwbm~'
H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go bo{IH$m Zo EH$ _hËdnyU© VÏ` H$s Amoa g§H$o V {H$`m h¡ {H$ n[adma
_| AJa nwéf H$s gÎmm ahVr h¡ Vmo dh Ho$db AWm©OZ© Ho$ H$maU hmoVr h¢ na§Vw {H$gr Ka
_| nwéf AJa AWm©OZ© Z H$aVm hmo Am¡a Ka H$s H$moB© ñÌr AWm©OZ© H$aZo bJo Vmo n[adma
_§o Omo A{YH$ma nhbo nwéf H$mo àmá Wo, do g^r A{YH$ma ñÌr H$mo {_b OmVo h¢ & Bg AW©
_| àñV¥V H$hmZr AmË_{Z^©aVm Ho$ H$maU Zmar H$s ~XbVr pñW{V H$mo aoIm§{H$V H$aVr h¡
& H$hmZr H$m Zm`H$ gw~moY O~ Zm¡H$ar H$aVm Wm & _m± Am¡a CgH$s ~hZ d¥X§ m CgH$m ha
àH$ma go Ü`mZ aIVr Wr na§Vw Cgr gw~moY H$s Zm¡H$ar Ny>Q> OmVr h¡ Am¡a d¥X§ m Zm¡H$ar H$aZo
bJVr h¡ V~ Ka Ho$ H|$Ð _| gw~moY Zht d¥§Xm h¡ &
gw~moY O~ Zm¡H$ar H$aVm Wm, V~ Ka _| CgH$s à{Vð>m Wr, na§Vw O~ go CgH$s
Zm¡H$ar Mbr JB© Am¡a d¥§Xm Zm¡H$ar H$aZo bJr, V~ go d¥§Xm Ka Ho$ g^r {ZU©` boZo bJr &
gw~moY Ho$ H$_ao H$s g^r MrO| A~ d¥§Xm Ho$ H$_ao _| h¢ & gw~moY Ymo~r H$mo AnZo _¡bo H$n‹S>o
XoZm MmhVm h¡ na§Vw d¥§Xm AnZo ~‹S>o ^mB© Ho$ H$n‹S> Bg{bE Zhr§ XoVr Š`m| {H$ dh Hw$N>
H$_mVm Zht h¡ & dh AnZo OrdZ H$mo Ag\$b _mZVm h¡ & Ka _| CgHo$ gmW Zm¡H$am| O¡gm
ì`dhma {H$`m OmVm h¡ & CgH$s emXr Qy>Q> OmVr h¡ & _m± Am¡a d¥X§ m Ho$ ì`dhma go H«$mo{YV
hmoH$a dh Ka N>mSo > H$a Mbm OmVm h¡, na§Vw {\$a {dde hmoH$a Cgo Ka AmZm n‹S>Vm h¡ &
gw~moY AmO Ho$ `wJ Ho$ ~oamoOJma Am¡a {dde `wdH$ H$m àVrH$ h¡ &
8.5 eãXmW©
nrT>o - MmoH$o na
AZ_Zm - ~oMZ¡
AZwZ` - {ZdoXZ, àmW©Zm
Vhg-Zhg H$aZm - ZîQ> H$aZm
{~Q>a - H$Sw>Am
* {e{jV ~oamoOJma `wdH$ H$s ì`Wm AnZo eãXm| _o§ {b{IE &
* AmË_{Z^©a _{hbm H$s _mZ{gH$Vm H$m dU©Z H$r{OE &
* AmË_{Z^©a AWm©V Zm¡H$ar H$aZo dmbr H$hm{Z`m| H$mo n{T>E&
* ~oamoOJma `wdH$ H$s AmË_H$Wm {b{IE &

BH$mB© - 9
_hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr -gwYm AamoS‹ >m
AZwH$« _
9.0 CÔoí`
9.1 àñVmdZm
9.2 {df` - {ddaU
H$hmZr - _hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr
9.2.1 {MÌm H$s M[aVJV {deofVm
9.2.2 H$m_H$mOr _{hbm H$s g_ñ`m
9.2.3 {XdmH$a H$m M[aÌ-{MÌU
9.4 gmam§e
9.5 eãXmW©
9.0 CÔoí`
* H$m_H$mOr _{hbm Ho$ _mZ{gH$ Û§Û go n[a{MV hmoJ| &
* n{V-nËZr Zm¡H$a noem hmoZo go nm[adm[aH$ ItMm-VmZr H$mo g_P|Jo &
* _hmZJa H$s {d{dY g_ñ`mAm| H$mo g_PZo H$m à`mg H$a|Jo &
9.1 àñVmdZm
_{hbm-boIZ H$aZo dmbr bo{IH$mAm| _| gwYm AamoS‹ >m H$s AnZr ñdV§Ì
nhMmZ h¡ & CZHo$ boIZ _| ñÌr MoVZm Ho$ {d{^Þ g§X^m], Am`m_m| H$s Jhar nhMmZ
Am¡a naI h¡ & CZHo$ ñÌr-nmÌ OrdZ AZoH$ njm| H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVo h¢ & g_mO
H$s {d{dY g_ñ`mAm| Am¡a g_` Ho$ gmW {Z_m©U hmoZdo mbo gdmbm| go CZHo$ ñÌr nmÌ
g§Kf© H$aVo hþE {XImB© XoVo & CZH$s _mZ{gH$ CbPZm| H$s naVm| H$mo ~‹S>r ghOVm go
bo{IH$m àñVwV H$aVr h¡ &
_hmZJa H$s g_ñ`mAm| H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aZo _| boIH$s` Xm{`Ëd Am¡a g§dXo Zerb
{Xb H$m n[aM` hmoVm h¡ Am¡a _mZdr` OrdZ H$s ì`ñVVm, ÌñVVm, AOZ~rnZ, EH$mH$snZ
gm\$ ZOa AmVm h¡ &

CZHo$ H$hmZr g§Jh« h¢ - ~J¡a Vameo hþE, "`wÕ {dam_', "_hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr', "H$_Omoa'
Am{X & "BñnmV', "~J¡a Vameo hþE', "`wÕ {dam_', "IbZm`H$', "EH$ goQ§ >r_oQ§ >b S>màr H$s
_m¡V', "_hmZJa H$s _£{Wbr', VmZmemhr CZH$s M{M©V H$hm{Z`m± h§¡ &
àñVwV H$hmZr _| qOXJr Ho$ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o KQ>Zm-àg§Jmo§ H$mo AnZr g§doXZm go EH$ ZE
én _| ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡ & H$m_H$mOr _{hbm H$m n[adma _| `§ÌdV ~Zm OrdZ, J¡a-H$mZyZr
_H$mZ, A{Z`§{_V Zm¡H$ar Ho$ JbV g_Pm¡V,| qOXJr H$s J[V, Amdí`H$VmAm| Ho$ H$maU
{~J‹S>m AW©emñÌ Zo AmX_r H$mo ñdmWu Ed§ {~ëHw$b ì`mdhm[aH$ ~Zm {X`m h¡ & {MÌm-
{XdmH$ma Am¡a _¡W,y Zm¡H$amZr H$s g_ñ`m, _mZ{gH$ Û§Û go JwOaVm n[adma, _¡Wy H$s
~mbgwb^ ^mdZmAm| go {Ibdm‹S> Am{X H$m A§H$Z {H$`m J`m h¡ &
9.2 {df`-{ddaU
H$hmZr - _hmZJa H$s _¡{Wb
AmO Vmo hm°brS>o h¡ - "_°{OH$ b¡ån dmbm S>o-gÊS>o &' H$b Vmo AmnH$m hm\$-S>o
Wm {\$a AmO H¡$go OmZm h¡ & _¡{Wbr AnZr _å_r {MÌm go H$h ahr Wr & dh BVZr OëXr
ZhmZm Zht MmhVr Wr Am¡a R>ÊS>o nmZr go Vmo {~ëHw$b Zht & ~oQ>r {OX H$a ahr Wr & V^r
CYa dmbo H$_ao go H$n-ßboQ> Qy>Q>Zo H$s AmdmO AmB©- ""gmam _y‹S> {~Jm‹S>H$a aI {X`m &
`h H$moB© Mm` h¡? ñdmX hr Zht h¡ Mm` H$m ...& nMmg ~ma H$hm h¡ J«rZ bo~b hr bm`m
H$amo &'' gw~h-gw~h {XdmH$a H$m _w‹S> Mm` Ho$ BX©-{JX© Ky_Vm Wm & {MÌm Zo gmao H$m±M Ho$
Qw>H$‹S>o g_oQ>o & {~Iar Mm` gm\$ H$s &
gdm gmb H$s _¡{Wbr Mßnb nhZo Xm¡‹S>H$a AmB© - ""_å_r, h_Zo Mßnb nhZ br
h¡, Zht Vmo H$m§M Mw^ OmEJm .. nmnm Zo AmO {\$a ßboQ> VmoS‹ >r Zm &'' _å_r Zo Jwñgm H$aVo
hþE Cgo ~mWé_ _| bo JB© Am¡a R>ÊS>o nmZr go Cgo Zhbm`m & Jbm \$mS>H$a amoZo bJr - ""h_
H$Q²>Q>r h¡ Vw_go & R>ÊS>o nmZr go Zhbm {X`m, S>Q>u, S>Q>u _å_r &'' dh gXu go H$m±n ahr Wr
& {MÌm Zo Cgo OëXr V¡`ma {H$`m &
{XdmH$ma eod H$aVo g_` Jmb na ãboS> bJZo go Vm¡{b`m X~mE IyZ nmoN> aho Wo-
""{~Jm‹S> aIr h¡ CgH$s AmXV| & ~mah _hrZo Ja_ nmZr go ZhmE§J° r & ... Mbmo, _¡Ï`y ~oQ>!|
OëXr go ZmíVm H$a bmo, Xoa hmo ahr h¢ &'' qH$Vw _¡Ï`y H$s {eH$m`V| ewê$ Wr &
""Zht ~oQ>o & h_ bmoJ Vmo EH$ AmÊQ>r H$mo XoIZo MM©JoQ> Om aho h¢ -hmpñnQ>b &
~r_ma h¡ dmo ! hmpñnQ>b ~hþV JÝXr OJh hmoVr h¡ & h_ ~hþV OëXr Am OmE§Jo &''
{XdmH$a Cgo g_Pm aho Wo &
_¡Wy CZHo$ gmW OmZo Ho$ {bE V¡`ma Wr qH$Vw do Cgo AnZo gmW boH$a MM©JoQ> OmZm
Zht MmhVo Wo & g^r g‹S>H$ na AmE± V~ _¡Wy BYa-CYa _w‹S>Zo bJr Vmo {XdmH$a IrOo -
""dhm± H$hm± Om aho hmo ~oQ>m, grYo Mbmo &''

_¡Wy Zo Cå_rX âo ñda _| H$hm - ""h_o e_m© AÊQ>r Ho$ Ka N>mo‹S> Xmo & Q>r.dr. XoI|Jo,
{\$a Ka dmng OmE§Jo & Vw_ bmoJ V~ VH$ dmng Zht AmAm|J?o '' ""h_ Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka
N>mo‹S> X|Jo &''
""Zht _å_r ! AmO-gÊS>-o H$mo ^r h_| Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka N>mSo >J| o Amn& h_ Vmam~mB©
Ho$ `hm± Zht ah|Jo &'' Am¡a dh hmW Nw>S‹ >mH$a ^mJ {ZH$br &
dh V§J H$a ahr Wr V~ Cgo hm°ñQ>b _| S>mbZo H$m S>a {XIm`m J`m qH$Vw _¡Wy H$hVr
h¡ - ""h_ Vmam~mB© Ho$ `hm± Zht ah|Jo &''
""~oQ>m, {OVZm _Z hmo amo bmo, bo{H$Z AnZo gmW h_ Vwåh| AmO bo Om hr Zht
gH$Vo & g_Po!'' dh ~oAmdmO hmo ahr Wr, Am±Im| go Am±gy ~h aho Wo & {MÌm Zo XþbmaVo
hþE H$hm - ""~oQ>m amoO Vmo ahVr h¢ Amn! ~g, {Og {XZ _å_r-nmnm H$mo H$m_ hmo, Cgr
{XZ {OX M‹T> OmVr h¡ &''
Jbm é§Y OmZo go _¡Wy Hw$N> Z ~mob gH$s Am¡a A§Jwbr nH$‹S>o g§H$ao amñVo go MbZo
bJr&
Vmam~mB© ~ÀMm| H$mo g§^mbVr Wr, _¡Wy Ho$ Abmdm dh AÝ` VrZ ~ÀMm| H$mo AmR>
KÊQ>o g§^mbVr Wr, _hrZo Ho$ gmR> énò boVr Wr & AmO a{ddma Wm Bg{bE Xÿgao ~ÀMo§
Zht Wo & CgH$m EH$ N>mQo >m-gm H$_am {Og_| CgHo$ Mma ~ÀMo ^r ahVo Wo & AnZo hr EH$
~ÀMo H$mo {nQ>Vo hþE CgZo {MÌm-{XdmH$a H$mo XoIm- ""~mha OmZo H$m h¡, _o_ gmh~! N>mHo $ar
{H$Xa? ... òao _¡W,y CXa-{H$Xa OmVm h¡ ?&'' _oao H±$y n¡N>mZVmB©M Zht & Yrao-Yrao MbH$a
dh PmonS‹ >r Ho$ ^rVa I{Q>`m na ~¡R> JB© &
ng© go EH$ n°H$o Q> {ZH$mb H$a {MÌm Zo H$hm - ""Vmam~mB©, `h Ka go Hw$N> ImH$a Zht
Am`r h¡ & A^r Bgo ZmíVm XoZm Am¡a ImZo _| {g\©$ Mmdb-Xmb XoZm & Mma-nm±M ~Oo VH$
h_ bmoJ Am OmE§Jo &''
""Vmam~mB©, h_o Oéar H$m_ go OmZm Wm &'' H$hH$a {XdmH$a _¡Wy H$mo hm
""Amo.Ho$.~oQ>m& h_ OëXr Am OmE§Jo &''
""... _o_gm~, Vw_ {\${H$a ZB© H$aZm ò A~r R>rH$ hmo OmE§Jr, Vmam~mB© Iwe Wr
Š`m|{H$ Cg AmO ~ÀMm g§^mbZo Ho$ nm§M énò {_bZo dmbo Wo & qH$Vw ~oQ>r H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a
OmZo _| {MÌm ~hþV Aghm` _hgyg H$a ahr Wr & {XdmH$a Am¡a {MÌm ~g _| ~¡R>o qH$Vw
~oMmar H$mo AnZo gmW ahZo Ho$ {bE... ""EH$ a{ddma hr Vmo {_bVm h¡ ... Am¡a BVZr Xÿa
h_ , A§JO « r {\$ë_ XoIZo Om aho h¢, `h Eoæ`mer Zht Vmo Am¡a Š`m h¡?''
{XdmH$a Jwñgm hmoH$a ~mobo - ""Mbmo, CR>mo, Ka Mbmo &gmb-N>_mhr H$^r Ka go
{ZH$bmo ^r Vmo gm¡ {gaXX© gmW MbVo h¢ &'' ....""AmâQ>a Am°b, _¡Wy H$mo ~‹S>m hmoZm h¡ &
Vw_ Vmo qOXJr â Cgo ~ÀMm hr ~ZmE ahmoJr...&'' CZ XmoZm| _| g§dmX H$s pñW{V hr Zht
ahr Wr &

Bg Zò _H$mZ _| AmZo Ho$ ~mX do XmoZm| ì`ñV hmo Jò Wo & {MÌm Ho$ ñHy$b Am¡a
{XdmH$a Ho$ Am°{\$g H$m \$mgbm ~‹T> J`m Wm & gw~h nm±M ~Oo CR>H$a {MÌm _erZ A§XmO
_| amoO_am© H$m_ {Z~Q>mVr Wr, {Q>{\$Z Ho$ {S>ã~o boH$a do VrZm| Ka go ~mha {ZH$bm n‹S>V&o
em_ nm±M ~Oo ñHy$b go bm¡Q>Vo hþE gãOr ~«oS> IarX H$a Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka go _°Wy H$mo gmW
boH$a Ka AmVr Wr Am¡a gw~h H$m {~Iam Ka g_oQ>H$a ImZm ~ZmVo-ImZo VH$ WH$ OmVr
Wr & AmR>-Zm¡ ~Oo {XdmH$a Am°{\$g H$s \$mB©bm| go bXo Ka AmVo & XmoZm| H$mo H$m°_Z Nw>{Å>`m±
H$_ ahVr Wr, {MÌm a{ddma Vmo {XdmH$a H$mo gmo_dma H$s Nw>Å>r ahVr Wr & amoO H$s Bg
~§Yr-~§YmB© ê$Q>rZ _| Hw$N> AZH$ho - AZOmZo H$maUm| go do XmooZm| Hw$‹T>Vo ahVo Wo & Jwñgo Am¡a
{OX _| ~mn-~oQ>r EH$ O¡go Wo &
BVdma H$mo ^r Q´>oZ _| BVZr ^r‹S>, XmXa go nhbo ~¡R>Zo H$s OJh {_bZm Ag§^d Wm&
O~ OJh {_br Vmo naob go hr Xmo ~ÀMm| H$mo gmW boH$a EH$ _{hbm I‹S>r ahr Am¡a I‹S>-o
I‹S>o hr ~ÀMo H$mo XÿY {nbmZo bJr & Q´>oZ Ho$ {hMH$mobm| go dh _{hbm bwT>H$ ahr Wr &
Am{Ia {MÌm AnZo H$n‹S>o Pm‹S>Vr hþB© I‹S>r hmo JB© Am¡a AH¥$Vk ^md go dh _{hbm grQ>
na ~¡R> JB© & amoO Q´>oZ _| AmZo-OmZo dmbr _{hbmE± EH$-Xÿgao go ~oI~a, ê$Ir, ~o{Xb Wr&
_hmZJa Ho$ VrZ dJ©_rb Ho$ joÌ _¢ \¡$bo H$ñ~o go A~ {MÌm C~ JB© Wr & {XdmH$a
AnZo AmnH$mo Iwe{H$ñ_V g_PVm Wm Š`m|{H$ CgHo$ Am°{\$g _| bmoJ ~mR>m, H$ë`mU nyZm
go AmVo-OmVo Wo, A{YH$m§e g_` CZH$m g\$a _| hr OmVm Wm& Cgo Vmo Ho$db Xg
{H$bmo_rQ>a H$s Xÿar V` H$aZr n‹S>Vr Wr &
_wbS§w >dmbo _H$mZ _| n‹S>mgo r ~hþV ^br Wr dh Ka Am¡a _¡{Wbr XmoZm| na ZOa
aIVr Wr & Bg Zò _H$mZ _| `h gw{dYm Am¡a gwajm Zht Wr & Bg _H$mZ _| AmZo H$m
H$maU Wm CgH$s ñHy$b H$s ghnmR>r gm{dÌr & qH$Vw A~ dh {_gog e_m© Wr & A_rar H$m
WmQ>-~mQ> Wm H$^r _¡Wy Q>r.dr. XoIZo OmVr Wr Vmo dh K§Q>o â _| Cgo Ka dmna ôO XoVt&
Bgr N>mQo >-o go H$ñ~o _| _¡{Wbr H$m OÝ_ hþAm Wm & ZmZm Am¡a XmXm XmoZm| n[adma _| nhbr
~ÀÀr Wr & AV… CgH$m Zm_H$aU Yy_Ym_ go g§nÝZ hþAm Wm & XmXr Zo CgH$m Zm_ _¡{Wbr
aIm Wm & ñHy$b H$s Nw>{Å>`m± IË_ hmoZo dmbr Wr & Bg{bE {MÌm Cgo ~å~B© boH$a Am`r
Wr & ~‹S>o à`mg go CgZo ~ÀMr H$mo g§^mbZo Ho$ {bE EH$ Mm¡Xh gmb H$s b‹S>H$s H$m ~§Xmo~ñV
{H$`m Wm & ñHy$b _| ^r {MÌm H$m _Z Zht bJm & ~ÀMr Ho$ XÿY nrZo H$m dŠV hmoVm Vmo
dh AnZo H$n‹S>o ^rJo hþE nmVr, dme ~o{gZ _| AnZm XÿY {Ja AmVr & VrZ-Mma {XZ
naoemZr _o§ ~rVo & ghH$_u {_goO _mWwa H$hVr h¡ - ""~ÀMo H$mo n¡Xm hmoVo hr nmdS>a Ho$
XÿY H$s AmXV S>mbmo & Xmo-Mma {XZ nhbo hr AnZm XÿY Nw>‹S>m bmo & naoemZr Zht hmoJr&''
ZB©-ZB© Zm¡H$am{Z`m| Ho$ ~rM _¡Wy ~‹S>r hþB© & CgH$s AmXV| CZH$s XoZ ahr - ~hVo
ZmH$ H$mo Z nmoN>Zm, noem~ Ho$ Jrbo H$nS>m| _| IobZm, Yyb-{_Å>r-aoV _| Amam_ go IobZm
Am{X & {MÌm Zo V` {H$`m A~ dh ~ÀMr Ho$ {bE Zm¡H$ar Zht H$aoJr & Am`m _¡Wy H$m noQ>
â gH$Vr h¡ na _m± Ho$ hmWm| H$m ñne© Am¡a Xþbma Cgo Zht Xo gH$Vr Wr & CgHo$ OÝ_ Ho$

~mX amoO ~XbVr Zm¡H$am{Z`m| Ho$ bå~o ZmOmÒ EH$mH$snZ Ho$ Abmdm Cgo Š`m Xo nmE Wo?
BgHo$ A{V[aŠV Am¡a ^r gdmb Wo - J¡a-H$mZyZr _H$mZ, A{Z`{_V Zm¡H$ar Ho$ JbV
g_PmoV,| qOXJr H$s _erZr aâVma, Amdí`H$VmAm| Ho$ H«$y a AW©J{UV Zo EH$ Aghm`-
ì`mdhm[aH$ Am¡a ñdmWu BÝgmZ ~Zm {X`m Wm & Omoe _| AmH$ma Zm¡H$ar N>mS‹o >Zo H$m {ZU©`
dh H$aVr Wr na ha ~ma _hmZJa H$m AW©emñÌ Cgo _mV Xo OmVm Wm &
{MÌm Zo O~ _¡Wy nm¡Zo Mma gmb H$s Wr V~ EH$ {H«$píM`Z Am`m aIr {OgZo _hrZo
H$m ameZ Xg {XZ _| gm\$ H$a {X`m Am¡a _¡Wy Xþ~br hmo JB© & {\$a b‹S>H$s aIZm Mmhr
qH$Vw CgH$s eV© Wr {Og Ka _| Q>r.dr. hmoJm dhm± dh H$m_ H$aoJr & {MÌm-{XdmH$a Ho$ nmg
BVZo n¡go Zht Wo Omo Q>r.dr. bo gH$o & _¡Wy hr ñd`§ g_PXma hmo Mbr Wr & IwX H$mo
~hbmZo Ho$ H$B© gmYZ T>±yT> {ZH$mbVr Wr & gdm Xmo gmb go hr CgH$m ñHy$b _| OmZm ewê$
hmo J`m Wm &
Bg Zò _H$mZ _| AmVo hr _¡Wy ~‹S>o ñHy$b _| OmZo bJr & Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka go dh
ZOXrH$ Wm & AV… dh _¡Wy H$mo ñHy$b boZo-N>mo‹S>Zo OmVr Wr & nhbo hr {XZ ñHy$b go
bm¡Q>Zo na dh ZmOa Wr - ""_å_r, AmnZo h_mam BVZm J§Xm Zm_ Š`m| aIm?'' ""h_mar
Šbmg _| g~Ho$ {H$VZo AÀN>-o AÀN>o Zm_ h¢ - H¡$WarZ, aå`m, gwa{^, {b{b, ê${M, aoe_m
Am¡a EH$ gmoZ_ h¡, amOwb h¡ & aå`m H$hVr Wr, _¡{Wbr Vmo _oWr H$m gmJ hmoV h¡ & h_
Š`m _oWr H$m gmJ h¢ ?''
{MÌm g_PmVr h¡ ""Amn ~‹S>o hmo hmoJo Vmo AmnZm Zm_ ~Xb boZm &''
""A~ ~‹S>o Zht hþE Š`m? {\$a AmnZo AnZm Zm_ Š`m| Zhr§ ~Xbm, h_ Vmo AnZm
Zm_ A^r ~Xb|J§ o & h_mam Zm-_ .... ""{MÌm aI Xmo &'' {MÌm H$mo h±gr Am J`r &
MM©JQo > na {XdmH$a Am¡a {MÌm CVaH$a _mZ{gH$ ê$n go {\$ë_ XoIZo Ho$ {bE V¡`ma
hþE & bm¡Q>Vo hþE H$B© Jm{‹S>`m H¢$gob hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU do gdm Xmo K§ÊQ>o ~g H$s `mÌm H$aHo$
~moardbr nh°M §w o & Vmam~mB© H$s PmonS‹ >r VH$ Am aho Wo, CÝh| Cå_rX Wr {H$ _¡Wy CÝh| XoIH$a
ZwŠH$‹S> VH$ ^mJH$a AmEJr & H$m\$s Xo hmo MwH$s Wr _¡Wy {XImB© Zht Xr &
Vmam~mB© Zo H$hm - ""~moV Xoa bJm`m, _o_gm~ & ABgm ZB© H$aZo H$m & _oao Hy$§ ^r
a{ddma Ka _| H$m_ hmoVm h¡ &... N>mHo $ar Hw$ÀN> Im`m ZB© ... XoI __r Ambr VwPr &'' Am¡a
{MÌm H$mo H$hVr h¡ ""Vw_ A~r Am¡a EH$ n`Xm H$amo& _¡Wy H$m gmW IobZo Ho$ dmñVo &''
{XdmH$a Zo ~oQ>r H$mo CR>mZm Mmhm bo{H$Z dh MwnMmn MbVr ahr & XadmOm ImobVo
hr _¡Wy A§Xa ^mJr & gXu go H$m±n ahr Wr & {XdmH$a Zo Cgo aOmB© C‹T>m Xr & Bgo Vmo ~hþV
~wIma h¡ & EH$ gm¡ Mma & dh Yrao-Yrao ~wX~wXm ahr Wr & {MÌm Zo Z_H$ KmobH$a CgHo$
_mWo na R>ÊS>o nmZr H$s npQ²>Q>`m± aIr & O~X©ñVr go "Jm{S>Z© b' H$s AmYr Jmobr {Ibm Xr&
~wIma M‹T> Vm-H$_ hmoVm Wm & {XdmH$a {~Zm - Imò Jhar ZtX _| gmo JE & Xoa ~mX
Mm¡§H$H$a CR>o - ""H$¡gr h¡ _¡Wy?''
""~ma-~ma nmZr _m§J° ahr h¡, ~g &''
{XdmH$a Zo H$adQ> ~Xb br - ""AÀN>m, _¢ WmoS>m boQ> by &''
""gwZmo H$b H$m Š`m H$aZm h¡?'' {MÌm Zo H$hm &
""H$b Vw_ Nw>Q²>Q>r bo bo Zm Am¡a Š`m &''
""gwZmo Vmo ! H$b _¡§ Nw>Q²>Q>r Zht bo gH$Vr, V^r Vmo H$h ahr h°ÿ§ &''
"A~ Vw_ OmZmo & _oao Am°{\$g _| Vmo H$b B§ñnoŠeZ h¡ &'' ""gw~h Zht A^r hr Vw_
gwZ bmo & ñHy$b _| `w{ZQ> Q>oñQ> Mb aho h¢ Am¡a IweuX Nw>Q²>Q>r na h¡, XmoZm| goŠeZ _wPo
gå^mbZo h¢ Am¡a _¢Zo nona ^r g~{_Q> Zht {H$`m h¡ & IweuX Am°Zaar Q>rMa h¡, O~ Mmho
Nw>Q²>Q>r bo gH$Vr h¡, gwZ aho hmo?'' {MÌm gw~h H$m _gbm {Z~Q>Zm MmhVr Wr &
""R>rH$ h¡ & _¢ Vw_mao ñHy$b nona nhþ±MmVm hwAm OmD§$Jm & Vw_ \$moZ H$a XoZm &
bo{H$Z _oao Ka na ê$H$Zo Ho$ ~mao _o gmoMZm ^r _V & X¡Q> BO ZodÝQ>> B_nm°{g~b &'' A§V
_| V` hþAm {H$ gw~h {MÌm hr ñHy$b OmòJr Am¡a H$moB© ~§Xmo~ñV H$a OëXr dmng Am
OmòJr & V~ {XdmH$a Am{\$g Om`|Jo &''
Bg Zò _H$mZ _| CÝho AÀN>o n‹S> m{o g`m| H$s H$_r Ib ahr Wr & amV â _¡Wy H$m
~XZ VnVm ahm & {XdmH$a ~rM-~rM _| nyN> boVo {\$a Iam©Q>o âVo & amV â dh AmYo K§Q>o
Ho$ ~mX nmZr _m§J° Vr Wr {MÌm CZtXr gr Cgo Må_M go nmZr {nbmVr ahr &
gw~h CR>H$a {MÌm Zo nona V¡`ma {H$`m & Ka H$m H$m_-H$mO nyam {H$`m Am¡a OmZo
H$mo V¡`ma hþB© & _¡Wy CgH$s Amoa XoI ahr Wr- ""H¡$go h¢ ~oQ>o Amn?'' Xdm XoVo hþE H$hm-
""h_ OëXr Am OmE|Jo, ~oQ>m ! nmnm go Xdm bo boZm Am¡a Wmo‹S>m gm XÿY ^r nr boZm &''
AmdmO gwZVo hr {MÌm Zo XoIm _¡Wy OyVo nhZ ahr Wr - ""h_ Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka OmE§Jo Vwåhmao
gmW &''
hmW go AI~ma \|$H$ H$a _¡Wy H$mo nH$S>o {XdmH$ma Zo H$hm - ""~oQ>,o Amn ~r_ma
h¢ &'' Cgo amoH$Zo Ho$ ~mX hmW-n¡a nQ>H$Vr MrIVr ahr - ""__r, OmAmo Am°{\$g! nmnm,
OmAmo Am°{\$g & h_ ^r OmE§Jo & h_mao OyVo Xmo, __r! h_o _V nH$S>m,o nmnm'' - Am¡a dh
~ohmoe hmo J`r Wr &
{XdmH$a S>m°ŠQ>a H$mo Ty>§T>Zo {ZH$bo & {MÌm ~ma-~ma K‹S>r XoI ahr Wr {H$ Cgo Q>¡Šgr
hr boZr n‹S>oJr- `mZo AmR> énò n¢gR> n¡go ! gm_Zo H¡$boÊS>a Wm Am¡a _¡Wy H$mo nm§M gmb
H$s hmoZo _| nyao Zm¡ {XZ ~mH$s Wo & ha gmb AnZr BH$bm¡Vr ~oQ>r H$m OÝ_{XZ do ~‹S>r Yy_-
Ym_ go _ZmVo Wo &
9.2.1 {MÌm H$s M[aÌJV {deofVm
"_hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr' H$hmZr Ho$ Ûmam gwYm AamoS‹ >m Zo nËZr-_m± BZ XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM
_mZ{gH$ Û§Û H$m {MÌU {H$`m h¡ & H$hmZr _| {MÌm-{XdmH$a n{V-nËZr h¢ Am¡a CZH$s
~oQ>r _¡{Wbr & ~oQ>r N>mQo >r h¡, do XmoZm| Zm¡H$ar H$aVo h¢ & _hmZJa _| Am`m {_bZm ^r EH$
~‹S>r g_ñ`m h¡& ZB©-ZB© Am`mAm| go IobVr hþB© _¡Wy Yrao-Yrao ~‹S>r hmo ahr h¡ Am¡a CZH$s
Img AmXV| Cgo ^r bJ JB© ho - ZmH$ ~hZo XoZm, nmoN>Zo H$s {OX Z H$aZm, noem~ H$aZo
na Jrbo H$nS>m| _|, {_Å>r-aoV _| Amam_ go IobZm... & {MÌm H$mo `h g~ IQ>H$Vm h¡ & V`
^r H$aVr h¡ {H$ ~ÀMr Ho$ {bE Zm¡H$ar N>mS‹o > Xo & Am`m _¡Wy H$m noQ> â gH$Vr h¡ na _m±
H$m ß`ma- Xþbma Zht Xo gH$Vr & ~oMmar ~oQ>r H$mo Š`m {X`m - ""_mVm-{nVm Ho$ ê$n _|
nmCS>a {_ëH$ Ho$ {S>ã~o Am¡a amoO ~XbVr Am`m Ho$ gmW EH$ b§~o ZmOmÒ EH$mH$snZ &''
_hmZJar` Aä`mg go dh `h g_P JB© h¡ {H$ _¡Wy Ho$ à{V J¡a{Oå_oXmar Ho$ ~mX
g_ñ`mAm| H$m {gb{gbm IË_ hmoZo dmbm Zht h¡ & J¡a-H$mZyZr _H$mZ, A{Z`{_V
H$mbrZ Zm¡H$ar Ho$ JbV g_Pm¡V,o `§ÌdV² qOXJr Amdí`H$VmAmo§ Ho$ ^`ZmH$ AW©J{UV
Zo _Zwî` H$mo Aghm`, ì`mdhm[aH$ Am¡a ñdmWu ~Zm {X`m h¡ & ha ~ma _hmZJa H$m
AW©emñÌ Cgo _mV Xo OmVm Wm &
{XdmH$a H$s BÀN>m Ho$ H$maU AmO dh AnZr ~oQ>r H$mo Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka nhþMmZo _|
{dde hmo OmVr h¡ & AnZm Jwñgm {XdmH$a Mm` Ho$ H$n-ßboQ> na {ZH$mbVm h¡ & {MÌm CZ
H$m±M Ho$ Qw>H$S>m| H$mo g§H$brV H$aVr h¡ & ~oQ>r AmO- ""_°{OH$ b°åndmbm S>o-gÊS>o'' H$m
AmZ§X boZm MmhVr h¡ & R>ÊS>o nmZr go hr CgH$mo ñZmZ H$aHo$ V¡`ma H$aVr h¡ & _¡Wy H$mo
nhþ±MmZo go {MÌm _Z hr _Z AnZo AmnH$mo H$mogVr h¡ & Q´>oZ-~g H$m g\$a H$aHo$ MM©JoQ>
_| A§J«oOr {nŠMa XoIH$a Xoa go ~oQ>r H$mo boZo AmVo h¡ & Vmam~mB© ^r CÝho§ H$hVr h¡ {H$
a{ddma Š`m| Z hmo Cgo ^r Ka Ho$ ~hþV H$m_ hmoVo h¢ &
{MÌm gw~h nm±M ~Oo CR>H$a _erZr A§XmO _| amoO_am© H$m_ {Z~Q>mVr h¡ & g~Ho$
{Q>{\$Z V¡`ma H$a VrZm| Ka go {ZH$b n‹S>Vo h¢ & em_ nm±M ~Oo ñHy$b go bm¡Q>Vo g_` {MÌm
gãOr-~«So > IarXVr hþB© _¡Wy H$mo AnZo gmW bo AmVr h¡ & Ka nhþM ± Vo gw~h H$m {~Iam Ka
g_oQ>H$a ImZm ~ZmZo-ImZo VH$ WH$ OmVr h¡ & AmR>-Zmo ~Oo {XdmH$a Q>~o b na ImZm bJm
H$a gmoZo H$m B§VOma H$aVr h¡ & _hrZm| VH$ XmoZm| _| ~mV| Zhr§ hmo nmVr & AZOmZo H$maUm|
go ~mn-~oQ>r Hw$‹T>Vo h¢ CZ XmoZm| H$mo g§^mbVr h¡ {MÌm &
_¡Wy H$s {~_mar H$mo boH$a XmoZm| _o ~hg hmoVr h¡ & {MÌm Ho$ ñHy$b _| Q>oñQ> h¡ Vmo
{XdmH$ma Ho$ Am°{\$g _o B§ñnoŠeZ & ~oQ>r H$m ~wIma H$_ Zht hmoVm & __Vm Am¡a H$V©ì`
Ho$ g§Kf© _| \±$gr {MÌm, gw~h OëXr nona V¡`ma H$aHo$, ~oQ>r H$mo H$hVr h¡- ""h_ OëXr
AmE§Jo ~oQ>m & nmnm go Xdm bo boZm &''
Vmam~B© Ka Ho$ OmZo H$s {OX H$aZo dmbr ~oQ>r H$mo {XdmH$a g_PmVo h¢ & {MÌm
g_PXma, ghZerb, __Vm_`r, H$V©ì`Xj, {Oå_oXmar g§^mbZo dmbr nËZr h¡ Am¡a _m± ^r&
9.2.2 _hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr
Bg H$hmZr H$m H|$Ð q~Xw h¡ "_¡{Wbr ' & {MÌm Am¡a {XdmH$a H$s ~oQ>r & {MÌm ñHy$b
_| Am¡a {XdmH$a {H$gr Am°{\$g _| H$m_ H$aVo h¢ & Cgo a{ddma AÀN>m bJVm h¡ - ""_°{OH$
b°åndmbm S>o - gÊS>o &'' ""Zht _å_r nhbo nmZr Ja_ H$amo & R>ÊS>o nmZr go h_ Zht ZhmE§Jo
... AmO Vmo H$ht ^r Zht OmZm h¡ ...&''
O~ {XdmH$a Zo Mm` H$r H$n-ßboQ> \|$H$ Xr`m V~ ~oQ>r H$hVr h¡ - ""~m~m Mm`
dhr h¢ H$^r CÞrg-~rg hmo OmVr h¡, CgHo$ {bE BVZr Vmo‹S> \$mo‹S> H$s Š`m Oê$aV h¡?''
gdm gmb H$s ~oQ>r Mßnb nhZo Xm¡‹S>H$a {MÌm Ho$ nmg Am`r, Jwñgm H$aVo hþE ItMH$a
~mWê$_ VH$ bo J`r & R>ÊS>o nmZr go Zhbm`m V~ MrI ahr Wr - ""R>ÊS>o nmZr go Zhbm
{X`m - S>Q>u _å_r &'' CYa {XdmH$a IrO aho Wo - {~Jm‹S> aIr h¡, CgH$s AmXV| ....
Mbm¡, _¡Wy ~oQ>o &''
Cgo JmoX _| CR>H$ma {XdmH$a Zo H$hm .... ""Amn Vmo ~hþV g_PXma h¢... &'' ~ÀMo PyR>o
AmídmgZ H$m ñda Am¡a ñne© nhMmZZo _| VoO hmoVo h¢ & _¡Wy Zo ^r `h OmZ {b`m Wm {H$
XmoZm| PyR> ~mob aho h¢ & Cå_rX âo ñda _| dh H$hVr h¡ - ""h_| gmW bo Mb aho hmo?''
"Zht'
"" Vmo h_| e_m© AmÊQ>r Ho$ Ka N>mo‹S> Xmo & Q>r.dr. XoI|Jo .... &''
""h_ Vwåh| Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka N>mS‹o > X|Jo &'' ""AmO-gÊS>-o H$mo ^r h_| Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka N>mSo >J| o
Amn ? h_ Vmam~mB© Ho$ `hm± Zhr§ ah|Jo &'' dh {nVm Ho$ gm_mZ {OÔr h¡ & Vmam~mB© Ho$
CgHo$-AnZo Mma ~ÀMo h¡ & EH$ H$mo XZmXZ nrQ> ahr Wr & Jm{b`m± Xo ahr Wr & b{‚mV
hmoH$a ~mobr, ""~mha OmZo H$m h¡ _o_ gm~? N>mHo $ar {H$Xa?'' dh± Jw_gw_ Wr & Vmam~mB©
Ho$ Ka Cgo nhþ±Mm H$a XmoZm| {ZH$b n‹S>o &
gdm _hrZo H$s C_« _| _¡{Wbr H$mo H$ñ~o H$m ~Zdmg {_bm Wm & Š`m|{H$ {MÌm H$s
ñHy$b Iwb J`r Wr AV… Cgo ~å~B© AmZm n‹S>m Wm & ^mJ-Xm¡S‹ > H$aHo$ Am`m H$m à~§Y
{H$`m Wm & ñHy$b J`r Vmo _Z bJVm Z Wm _¡Wy amoZo H$s AmdmO dh _hgyg H$aVr & H$^r
AHo$bo _| amo boVr & Yrao-Yrao _¡Wy H$mo AmXV hmo J`r Wr {g\©$ amV H$mo Cgo _m± H$s _m±J
ahVr Wr & Zm¡H$am{Z`m| Ho$ ~rM dh ~‹S>r hþB© & Am`m _¡Wy H$m noQ> Vmo â gH$Vr Wr na _m±
Ho$ hmWm| H$m ñne©, Xþbma Zht Xo gH$Vr Wr & CgHo$ OÝ_ Ho$ ~mX _mVm-{nVm Ho$ ê$n _|
nmdS>a {_ëH$ Ho$ {Z`{_V {S>ã~m| Am¡a amoO ~XbVr Zm¡H$am{Z`m| Ho$ gmW EH$ bå~o ZmOmÒ
EH$mH$snZ Ho$ Abmdm dh Hw$N> Z Xo nmB© Wr &
_¡Wy O~ ñHy$b OmZo bJr Wr V~ AnZo Zm_ H$mo boH$a naoemZ Wr aå`m, {b{b,
é{M {H$VZo gwX§ a Zm_ h¢ {\$a h_mam BVZm J§Xm Zm_ Š`m| aIm ?- ""Amn ~‹S>o hmo OmAmoJr
V~ AnZm Zm_ ~Xb boZm Eogm _oar _m± Zo H$hm Wm Vmo A~ h_mam Zm_ {MÌm aI Xo &''
H$hH$a XmoZmo h±gZo bJVr h¡ &
~wIma AmZo na dh amVâ ~ma-~ma nmZr _m§J° Vr h¡ & _¡Wy Ho$ {bE H$b H$m¡Z Nw>Å>r
boJm Bg {ddmX H$mo gwZH$a Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka OmZo H$s {OX H$aVr h¡ & MrIVr h¡ - ""_å_r,
OmAmo Am°{\$g! nmnm OmAmo Am°{\$g!'' bo{IH$m Zo N>mQo >o ~ÀMm| H$s _ZmoXem H$mo ^r
g_Pm`m h¡ &
9.2.3 H$m_H$mOr _{hbm H$s g_ñ`m
_hmZJar` OrdZ H$s `m§{ÌH$Vm, _Ü`dJ© H$s _mZ{gH$Vm, Zm¡H$ar noem n[adma _|
n{V-nËZr Ho$ g§~Y§ , AW©JV _yë` Am{X ÌgX pñW{VAm| H$m A§H$Z gwYm AamoS‹ >m Zo AnZr
H$hm{Z`m| _| {H$`m h¡ & VZmd, H$S>dmhQ>, nam`mnZ, _hËdmH$m§jm, ZdrZ pñW[V`m| go
{Z{_©V g_ñ`mAm| go `wŠV OrdZ-`WmW© H$s A{^ì`pŠV ^r {_bVr h¡ & g_mO _| AnZr
à{Vð>m ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE `m AW©J{UV emñÌ Ho$ H$maU _hmZJa _| _H$mZ AWm©V
Amdmg H$s g_ñ`m h¡ & AV… {Og {H$gr hmbV, H$ñ~o, Jbr _| _H$mZ {_bZo Ho$ ~mX
n[adm[aH$ g_ñ`m-N>mQo > ~ÀMo H$mo g§^mbZm-Ama§^ hmoVr h¡ &
gwYm AamoS‹ >m H$s _hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr H$hmZr BZ g_ñ`m| na àH$me S>mbVr h¡ &
{MÌm-{XdmH$ma Am¡a ~oQ>r _¡W-y N>mQo >m-gm n[adma h¡ & n{V-nËZr XmoZm| Zm¡H$ar noem h¡ &
{MÌm ñHy$b _| Am¡a {XdmH$a Am°{\$g _| & {XdmH$a Mm` Ho$ em¡{H$Z, Mm` AÀN>r Zht Vmo
H$n-ßboQ> \$moS> {XE & {MÌm H$hVr h¡ - ""nS>mo{g`m| H$mo nVm H¡$go Mbo {H$ _hrZm IË_
hmo ahm h¡ &'' ""V~ am¡~ go H$hVm h¡ MM©JoQ> OmZm h¡ K‹S>r XoI bmo &'' eamaV H$aZo dmbr
~oQ>r _¡Wy H$mo O~aXñVr BVdma Ho$ {XZ Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka nhþM ± mVo h¢ & Vmam~mB© H|$ Ka VH$
dh {H$gr go ~mV Zht H$aVr &
""Amo\$ ! Š`m {OÔr b‹S>H$s h¡, `ma Vwåhmar ? H$moB© ~mV g_PZo H$mo V¡`ma hr Zht
h¡ &'' {XdmH$a Ho$ H$WZ go ñnï> h¡ {H$ ~oQ>r H$mo g§^mbZo H$s {Oå_oXmar Ho$db {MÌm H$s
h¡ & n[adma _| XmoZm| Zm¡H$ar H$aZo Ho$ {bE OmVo h¢ & g~ao go em_ VH$, Bg{bE ~oQ>r BVdma
Ho$ {XZ CZHo$ gmW nyam {XZ {~VmZm MmhVr h¡ Bg{bE Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka AmVo-AmVo _Z hr
_Z amoVr h¡ &
~ma-~ma _H$mZ ~XbZm, Z`r Zm¡H$amZr, ImoOZm, gw~h OëXr CR>H$a {Q>{\$Z
~ZmZm, OmVo g_` ~oQ>r H$mo nhþM ± mZm, em_ Ho$ g_` Cgo boVo AmZm Am{X g^r H$m_ {MÌm
H$mo hr H$aZo hmoVo h¡ & O~ _¡Wy N>mQo >r Wr, XyY nrVr ~ÀMr, {MÌm ñHy$b _| OmVr Wr, ~oQ>r
H$s `mX AmVo hr XÿY go H$n‹S> o ^rJ OmVo Wo & _m± H$s __Vm, ñZoh H$^r-H$^r Zm¡H$ar N>mS‹o >Zo
Ho$ _moS‹ > VH$ nhþM± OmVm qH$Vw _hmZJa H$m AW©J{UV Cgo _mV Xo OmVm Wm &
{XdmH$a Ho$ AmJ«h Ho$ H$maU _Z Z hmoVo hþE ^r {MÌm A§JO « r {nŠMa XoIZo OmVr
h¡ & _m± H$m _Z bJo ^r Vmo H¡$go, ~oQ>r H$mo Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka aIm, n{V H$m _Z aIZo Ho$ {bE
dh {nŠMa XoI ahr h¡ & Xoa go bm¡Q>Zo Ho$ H$maU Vmam~mB© ^r CÝh| AmnZr g_ñ`m ~mVmVr
h¡ -""_o_gm~ ! _oao Hy$§ ^r a{ddma Ka _| H$m_ hmoVm hm` &'' _¡Wy H$mo boH$a Ka AmVo h¡
Cgo ~wIma M‹T> OmZo go H$b Cgo g§^mbZo Ho$ {bE H$m¡Z Nw>Å>r boJm Bg ~mV na {ddmX hmoVm
h¡ & Bg àH$ma H$m_H$mO H$aZodmbr _{hbmAm| H$s {d{dY g_ñ`mAm| H$mo, AZoH$ _mZ{gH$
g§Kf© H$mo Aam‹So >m Zo A{^ì`ŠV H$aZo H$m à`ËZ {H$`m h¡ &
9.2.4 {XdmH$a H$m M[aÌ-{MÌU
"_hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr' H$hmZr _| ñÌr Ho$ à{V nwê$fm| H$m g§H$w {MV Ñ{ï>H$moU na
àH$me S>mbm J`m h¡ & {XdmH$a {MÌm Ho$ n{V Am¡a _¡{Wbr Ho$ {nVm h¡ & {H$gr Am°{\$g
_| H$m_ H$aVo h¡ & nËZr ñHy$b _| Q>rMa h¡ & Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka ~oQ>r H$mo aIm OmVm h¡ & Ho$db
a{ddma Ho$ {XZ ~oQ>r CZHo$ gmW ahVr h¡ & qH$Vw AmO {XdmH$a H$m _Z A§JO o« r {nŠMa XoIZo
Ho$ {bE V¡`ma Wm & Ka _| g~H$m _yS> Iam~ Wm & {MÌm H$m _Z {~ëHw$b Zht Wm {H$ ~oQ>r
H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a {nŠMa XoIZo OmE± & MM©JoQ> boH$a ~oQ>r Ho$ gmW do {nŠMa XoIZm Zht MmhVo
& ~oQ>r Ho$ _Zm H$aZo Ho$ ~mX ^r Cgo Vmam~mB© Ho$ N>mQo >o _H$mZ _o§ N>mS‹o >H$a OmVo h¢ &
{XdmH$a ~ma-~ma Jwñgm hmo OmVo h¢ - ""EH$ a{ddma hr Vmo {_bVm h¡ &'' Am¡a BVZr
Xÿa h_ A§JOo« r {\$ë_ XoIZo Om aho h¡, `h Eoæ`mer Zht Vmo Am¡a Š`m h¢ ?'' {MÌm Ho$ H$WZ
go ZmamO hmoH$a H$hVo h¡ - ""Mbmo, CR>mo Ka Mbmo & gmb-N>_mhr H$^r Ka go {ZH$bmo Vmo
gm¡ {gaXX© gmW MbVo h¢ &''
_hmZJa Ho$ H$ñ~o _| Z`m _H$mZ qH$Vw n‹S>mgo r ~oI~a h¡ & _wbS§w > dmbo _H$mZ _| n‹S>mgo r
AÀN>o Wo & _w~§ B© _| ~ÀMm| H$mo g§^mbZo dmbr Am`m Ho$ Ka ~ÀMm| H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a -{\$a bmZm
n‹S>Vm h¡ & {XdmH$a Am°{\$g _| W>mUm, H$ë`mU go haamoO g\$a H$aHo$ AmZo dmbm| go AmnZo
Amn H$mo Iwe{H$ñ_V g_PVm h¡ &
n[adma _| do XmoZm| Zm¡H$ar noem na O~ _¡Wy ~r_ma hmoVr h¡ V~ {XdmH$a amVâ Iam©Q>o
âVo h¡ Am¡a AmYr ZtX _| {MÌm ~|Q>r H$mo nmZr {nbmVr h¡ & ~oQ>r H$s ~r_mar Ho$ H$maU H$m¡Z
Nw>Q>² Q>r boJm Bg na ~hg hmoVr h¡ Am¡a V` hmoVm h¡ {H$ {MÌm ñHy$b _| Om H$a Hw$N> ~§Xmo~ñV H$aHo$
dmng AmEJr V~ dh Am°{\$g OmòJm & dh {OÔr , hQ>r, {M‹S>{M‹S>m, AnZr hr ^mdZmAm| H$mo
g_PZo dmbm ^maVr` nwê$f h¡ &
* _hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr _| H$m_H$mOr _{hbm H$s g_ñ`mAm| H$m {MÌU {H$`m
J`m h¡ - ñnï> H$s{OE &
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* {MÌm H$s _mZ{gH$ pñW{V H$m dU©Z H$s{OE &
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* _¡Wy H$s {~_mar dmbo àg§J _| {MÌm Am¡a {XdmH$ma Ho$ g§dmXm| na àH$me
S>m{bE &
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* _¡Wy _hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr H$m _hËdnyU© nmÌ h¡ - {gÕ H$s{OE &
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* {MÌm H$s M[aÌJV {deofVmE±
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* {XdmH$a H$m M[aÌ-{MÌU
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* _hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr H$s _w»` g_ñ`m
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* Vmam~mB©
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* _hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr H$hmZr {H$gZo {bIr h¡ ?
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* _¡Wy H$mo H$moZ¡ g§^mbVm Wm ?
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* Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka _¡Wy Š`m| OmZm Zht MmhVr ?
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* _¡Wy H$s V~r`V R>rZ Z hmoZo na ^r {XdmH$a Nw>Å>r Š`m| boZm Zht MmhVo ?
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* _¡Wy H$s V~r`V R>rZ Z hmoZo na ^r {MÌm Nw>Å>r Š`m| boZm Zht MmhVr ?
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* ""gmam _yS‹ > {~Jm‹S>H$a aIm {X`m & `h H$moB© Mm` h¡ ? ñdmX hr Zht h¡ Mm`
H$m &''
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* ""Vmo h_| e_m© AmÊQ>r Ho$ Ka N>mS‹o > Xmo & Q>r.dr. XoIJ| ,o {\$a Ka dmng Am
OmE§J&o Vw_ bmoJ V~ VH$ dmng Zht AmAmoJo ?''
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* ""~oQ>m, amoO Vmo ahVr h¡ Amn! ~g {Og {XZ _å_r-nmnm H$mo H$m_ hmo, Cgr
{XZ {OX MT> OmVr h¡ &''
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* ""_å_r, AmnZo h_mam BVZm JÝXm Zm_ Š`m| aIm ?''
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* ""~moV Xoa bJm`m, _o_gm~ & AmBgm ZB© H$aZo H$m & _oao Hy$§ ^r a{ddma Ka
_| H$m_ hmoVm h` &....''
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9.4 gmam§e
gwYm AamoS‹ >m {b{IV "_hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr' H$m_H$mOr _{hbm Ho$ _mZ{gH$ Û§Û,
nËZr Am¡a _m± BZ XmoZm| [aíVmo§ H$mo g§^mbVo hþE, Zm¡H$ar H$m ~moP T>mVo o g_` hmoZo dmbr {MÌm
H$s ItMm-VmZr Zo CgHo$ OrdZ H$mo _erZr ~Zm {X`m h¡ &
BVdma H$m {XZ, {MÌm {\$a ^r ~oQ>r _¡{Wbr H$mo dh OëXr ñZmZ H$amZo Ho$ {bE
~mWê$_ _o§ bo OmVr h¡ Am¡a R>ÊS>o nmZr go ñZmZ H$amVr h¡ & AmO {XdmH$a H$s BÀN>mZwgma
A§JO« r {nŠMa XoIZo OmVoo h¡§ & Bg{bE _¡Wy H$s V¡`mar H$aHo$ Cgo Am`m Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka
nhþM± mZm MmhVo h¡ & a{ddma hr Vmo _¡Wy H$mo CZ XmoZmo Ho$ gmW ahZo Ho$ {bE {_bVm h¡ &
gw~h-gw~h ~oQ>r ZmamO Am¡a Mm` AÀN>r Z ~ZZo Ho$ H$maU {XdmH$a H$n-ßboQ> VmoS‹ >H$a
^bm-~wam H$hVo h¡- ""{~Jm‹S> aIr h¡ CgH$s AmXV|.o .&''
""Zht ~oQ>o & h_ bmoJ Vmo EH$ AmÊQ>r H$mo XoIZo MM©JoQ> Om aho h¢ & XoImo§ ~oQ>o, Amn
Vmo g_PXma h¡ &'' _¡Wy CZHo$ PyRo AmídmgZ H$mo g_P boVr h¡ Am¡a e_m© AmÊQ>r Ho$ Ka N>mS‹o >Zo
H$m AmJ«h H$aVr h¡ &... ""h_ Vwåh| Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka N>mo‹S> X|Jo &'' ""~oQ>m amoO Vmo ahVr h¢
Amn! ~g, {Og {XZ __t-nmnm H$mo H$m_ hmo, Cgr {XZ {OX MT> OmVr h¡ &''
dh H$hVr h¡ - ""bo{H$Z gÊS>o H$mo h_.... &''
Vmam~mB© H$m N>mQo >m-gm H$_am Cg_| CgHo$ Mma ~ÀMo h¢ & AmO Nw>Å>r H$m {XZ,
Bg{bE Xÿgao ~ÀMo Zht Wo & ""Vmam~mB©, h_| Oéar H$m_ go OmZm Wm, XoImo§ `h Ka go Hw$N>
ImH$a Zht Am`r, A^r ZmíVm H$adm XoZm... h_ nm±M ~Oo VH$ AmO OmE§Jo &'' ""_o_gm~,
{\${H$a ZB© H$aZm ... ò A~r R>rH$ hmo OmòJm &''
{MÌm H$hVr h¡- ""ZmamO hmoVr h¡ Vmo Jw_gw_ hmo OmVr h¡.. EH$ a{ddma hr Vmo
{_bVm h¡ Cgo h_mao gmW ahZo Ho$ {bE ...'' ~¡R>m,o ~¡R>mo & ~g _| V_mem _V H$amo, nhbo
gmoMZm Wm `h g~ & CZ XmoZm| _| g§dmX H$s pñW{V Zht Wr &
A~ Vmo _¡Wy Am`mAm| go IobVr ~‹S>r hmo ahr Wr, CgH$s gohV H$_Omoa hr Wr &
Am`mAm| H$s Img AmXV| dh grI MwH$s Wt & Am`m CgH$m noQ> â gH$Vr Wr na _m± H$m
ñne©-ß`ma Zht Xo gH$Vr Wr & Zm¡H$ar noem _m±-~mn Eogo ~ÀMm| H$mo ZmOmÒ EH$mH$snZ
Ho$ Abmdm Hw$N> Zht Xo gH$Vo & {MÌm CgHo$ {bE Zm¡H$ar N>mo‹S>Zo H$m BamXm H$aVr h¡ & qH$Vw
_hmZJa H$m AW©J{UV Cgo _mV XoVm h¡ & _Ü`dJu` H$m_H$mOr _{hbm H$mo Ka-n[adma
Ed§ H$m_H$mO Ho$ joÌ H$m H$V©ì` nyam H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡ & Cg _{hbm H$m OrdZ gw~h go amV
Xg ~Oo VH$ _erZ Ho$ g_mZ MbVm h¡ & nËZr H$m H$V©ì`, ~oQ>r Ho$ à{V __Vm, Zm¡H$ar
H$m Xm{`Ëd Ho$ ~moP go {MÌm Ho$ OrdZ _| AmZodmbo {d{dY g_ñ`mAm| H$mo àñVwV {H$`m
h¡ & O~ ~oQ>r _¡Wy ~r_ma hmoVr h¡ Vmo H$b Ka Nw>Å>r boH$a H$m¡Z ahoJm Bg ~mV H$mo boH$a ~hg
hmoVr h¡ & Bggo Vmo Vmam~mB© Ho$ Ka OmZm AÀN>m gmoMH$a _¡Wy gw~h OmZo Ho$ {bE V¡`ma
hmoVr h¡ - qH$Vw H$_Omoar go ~ohmoe hmoVr h¡ & n{V S>mŠ° Q>a boZo OmVo h¡, Vmo {MÌm ñHy$b OmZo
Ho$ {bE {dde h¡ &
9.5 eãXmW©
XþbmaZm - bmS>-ß`ma H$aZm
Jbm é§YZm - amoZm AmZm
_hgyg H$aZm - AZw^Vy , {OgH$m AZw^d hþAm hmo
Eoæ`mer - {dbmgr, H$m_wH$
{ZnQ>Zm - nyam H$aZm
Hw$T‹ >Zm - IrPZm, ObZm
ZmOmÒ - A`mo½`
_mV XoZm - nam^yV H$aZm
ZwŠH$‹S> - H$moZm
IbZm - ~wam bJZm
CZtX - AmYr-AYyar ZtX
* H$m_H$mOr _{hbmAm| H$s {d{dY g_ñ`mAm| H$m Bg H$hmZr Ho$ AmYma na {
ddoMZ H$s{OE &
* _hmZJam| _o {Z_m©U hmoZdo mbr g_ñ`mAm| H$m dU©Z H$s{OE &
* H$m_H$Or _{hbmAm| Ho$ g§X^© _| AÝ` H$hm{Z`m| H$s gyMr V¡`ma H$s{OE &
* _hmZJa H$s _¡{Wbr H$hmZr H$m _yë`m§H$Z H$s{OE &
* ^rî_ gmhZr H$s Mr\$ H$s XmdV H$hmZr nT>H$a gwZmBE &


BH$mB© - 10
gahX Ho$ Bg nma -Zm{gam e_m©
AZwH$« _
10.0 CÔoí`
10.1 àñVmdZm
10.2 {df` - {ddaU
H$hmZr - gahX Ho$ Bg nma
10.2.1 gahX Ho$ Bg nma H$m à_wI nmÌ
10.2.3 H$hmZr H$s ^mfm e¡br
10.4 gmam§e
10.5 eãXmW©
10.0 CÔoí`
* _{hbm H$hmZrH$ma Zm{gam e_m© H$s boIZ nÕ{V H$mo g_PZm &
* gw{e{jV, ~oH$ma, BíH$ _| ZmH$m_ `wdH$ H$s _ZmoXem H$mo g_P|Jo &
* Xoe-{d^mOZ Ho$ g_` H$s n[apñW{V`m| H$mo g_PZo H$m à`ËZ H$a|Jo &
10.1 àñVmdZm
Zm{gam e_m© qhXr H$Wmgm{hË` _| AnZm _hÎdnyU© ñWmZ ~Zm gH$s h¡ & nÌH$m[aVm
Ho$ joÌ _| ^r CZH$m H$m`© àe§gZr` ahm h¡ & CXÿ,© \$magr, qhXr, A§JOo« r, níVmo ^mfmAm| na
CZH$m A{YH$ma Wm & B©amZr g_mO Am¡a amOZr{V Ho$ A{V[aŠV gm{hË`, H$bm Am¡a
g§ñH¥${V {df`H$ {df`m| Ho$ à{V CÝh| A{YH$ ê${M Wr &
CZH$s gm{hË` g§nXm {dñV¥V ahr h¡ & emhZm_m {\$aXm¡gr, B©H$moO Am°\$ B©e{Z`Z,
[admoë`yeZ… àmoQ>ño Q> nmo`Q´>r, ~{ZªJ nmà, {H$ñgm Om_ H$m, H$mbr N>mQo >r _N>br Am{X
H$hmZr g§Jh« ; gmV Z{X`m± EH$ g_§Xa, emë_br, R>rH$ao H$s _§JZr, qOXm _whmdao, nËWa
H$s JmR>r Am{X CnÝ`mg; A\$Jm{ZñVmZ … ~wOH$mer H$m _¡XmZ, {j{VO nma AZwdmX
gm{hË` g¥OZ {H$`m h¢ &
""gahX Ho$ Bg nma'' H$hmZr _| E_².E. nmg aohmZ nm±M gmb go ~oH$ma h¡ & ~r.E.
_| gwa¡`m CgH$s ghnmR>r Wr & Cggo gmW BíH$ hwAm qH$Vw g¡`X-eoI _| emXr H¡$go hmoJr
& n[adma dmbm| Ho$ _Zm H$aZo go gwa¡`m Ho$ BíH$ go {XdmZm ~Zo aohZ Ho$ ào_-^§J H$s H$hmZr
h¡ & gwa`¡ m H$s emXr {H$gr nm{H$ñVmZr Am°{\$ga go hmoZo dmbr Wr Am¡a emXr Ho$ ~mX dh
nm{H$ñVmZ OmH$a AmOmXr àmá H$aoJr qH$Vw Bg nma aohmZ Ho$ {Xb na Omo {~Obr {JaoJr
Cgo H$m¡Z OmZoJm ? Bgr {XdmZonZ go A{YH$ ì`mHw$b ~Zo aohmZ Zo A§V _| AmË_hË`m H$s
`m em`X {H$gr Zo CgH$s hË`m H$a Xr & H$hmZr H$mo n‹T>Zo Ho$ ~mX hr Bg ~mV na nmR>H$m|
H$mo {dMma-{dde hmoZm hr n‹S>Jo m &
10.2 {df` {ddaU

H$hmZr - gahX Ho$ Bg nma
Aå_m Ho$ {Xb H$mo Xm¡am n‹S>m Wm & _wh± go PmJ {ZH$b ahm Wm & XÔm, XmXr Zo Aå_m
H$m hmW ghbmVo hþE H$hm - ""_wgr~V O~ AmVr h¡, Vmo Mmam| Var\$ go AmVr h¡ &'' _m±
H$m Moham XoI-XoIH$a Za{Jg amo ahr Wr & ""amoZo go H$m_ Zht MboJm, b‹S>H$s & nrN>o H$s
{I‹S>H$s go {H$gr H$mo nwH$mamo... em`X eHy$a Ka na {_b OmE &'' XÔm Zo H$hm &
Za{Jg H$r AmdmO gwH$a eod ~ZmVo hþE eHy$a MmMm gm_Zo AmE & Ina¡b Ho$ Qy>Q>Zo
H$s AmdmO Ho$ gmW hr Am§JZ _| PJ‹S>o H$s AmdmO Am ahr Wr - ""_¢ ~Vm XÿJ± m& {JZ-
{JZH$a ~Xbm byJ§ m & _wPgo ~MH$a H$moB© Zht ^mJ gH$Vm, _¢ nyar Xw{Z`m ObmH$a amI
H$a Xÿ§Jm&'' aohmZ ^mB© H$mo eHy$a MmMm H$_ao _| bo AmE hmWmnmB© _| do O»_r hmo JE Wo &
gwa`¡ m Amnm Ho$ H$maU aohZ ^mB© H$s `h hmbV hþAr Wr &
Aå_m H$mo hmoe AmVo hr XÔm Zo CZH$mo éh A\$Om {nbm`m & eHy$a MmMm Zo Aã~m H$mo
\$moZ {H$`m & ^¡`m H$_ao _| ~§X Wo & gmV gmb H$s Za{Jg `h XoI ahr Wr & V^r XÔm
XþnQ²>Q>m \¡$bmH$a gwa¡`m Amnm H$mo H$mog ahr Wr & ""ZmgnrQ>r, OhÞw_ h¡ & OmZo {H$VZo Ka
COmS>Jo r ham©\$m &''
""Za{Jg BYa AmAmo &'' Aå_m H$s H$_Omoa AmdmO Wr &
""AmB© Aå_m''
""_oar {VboXmZr go Oam _hrZ dmbr gwB© {ZH$mb bmZm &'' V^r XÔm Zo Za{Jg go
H$hm - ""OmH$a Oam Im{bHw$Z H$mo Vmo ~wbm bmAmo! H$hmZm, XþëhZ H$s V~r`V R>rH$ Zht
h¢ & XÔm Zo \$m¡aZ ~wbm`m h¡ &''
Jbr _| gÞmQ>m Wm & Xmo {XZ nhbo hr qhXÿ-_wgb_mZ X§Jm hþAm Wm & aohmZ Ina¡b
na ~¡R>H$a ~H$ ahm Wm ... ""_mamo gmao qhXþAm| H$mo, Jbo X~m Xmo BZHo$... _mamo g~ H$m{Vbm|
H$mo, IyZ H$s Z{X`m± ~hm Xmo _ma-_maH$a &'' g~H$mo nVm Wm aohmZ Ho$ {X_mJ na Aga h¡ &
Hw$N> "nmJb' h¡...&
emHy$a Cgo g_Pm MwH$m Wm, _Ja H$m¡Z g_PVm h¡ & nyam _wh„m qhXþAmo H$m h¡ &
{g\©$ VrZ-Mma Ka _wgb_mZ Ho$ h¢ & Jbr Ho$ nma gmam H$m gmam _wh„m _wgb_mZm| H$m h¡ &
O~ H$â`y© IË_ hwAm dh OmZ-~wPH$a eoadmZr nhZH$a {ZH$bm - ""XoI,| {H$g _mB© Ho$
bmb _| VmH$V h¡ _wPo Ny>Zo H$s''&
XÔm H$hZo bJr - ""`h h_| éñdm H$amHo$ ahoJm & ^wg _| qMJr S>mb ahm h¡ & AmJ
Z bJVr hmoJr, Vmo bJ OmEJr &''
d_m© Or H$s nËZr Aå_m go H$h ahr Wr - ""~hZ Or ! naoemZ Z hmo, h_ aohmZ
H$mo h_oem go OmZVo hmo, AnZm b‹S>H$m h¡ & CgH$s ~mVm| H$mo g~ g_P aho h¡, Amn qMVm
Z H$a| &''
aohmZ Zo \$ñQ>© Šbmg _| E_.E. nmg {H$`m Wm & nm§M gmb go Zm¡H$ar H$s Vbme
Wr & ~r.E. _| gwa`¡ m go BíH$ hþAm, O~ emXr H$s ~mV Am`r Vmo Kadmbm| Zo gm\$ H$h
{X`m {H$, g¡`X H$s b‹S>H$s eoI _| Zht OmEJr & ImZXmZ ^r N>mQo >m h¡ & O~ gwa`¡ m H$s
_§JZr Ho$ ~mV aohmZ H$mo _mby_ hþB© na Cgo `H$sZ Zht Am`m & nagm| hr Vmo dh gwa`¡ m go
{_bm Wm &
dm`Xo Ho$ _wVm{~H$ gwa`¡ m Ow_o Ho$ {XZ Cgo {_bZo Ho$ {bE Zht Am`r & dh gwa`¡ m
Ho$ Ka Om ^r Zht gH$Vm Wm & ~oH$mar, BíH$ _| ZmH$m_r Am¡a ~od\$mB© Zo aohmZ H$mo XrdmZm
~Zm {X`m & Kadmbo gwa`¡ m Ho$ à{V Z\$aV H$aZo dmbr ~hþV ~mV| H$aVo Wo _Ja dh A{YH$
ì`mHw$b ~ZVo Om ahm Wm &
{\$a go \$gmX hþAm & eha _| VZmd ~‹T> J`m & nw{bg ~§Xmo~ñV Wm, aohmZm D$na
N>ßnmam| na ~¡R>m ~H$dmg H$a ahm Wm - ""_mamo, H$m{Vbm| H$mo, _mamo _oao H$m{Vb H$mo & g~
Zm_X© AÝXa ~¡R>o h¢ & H$moB© Zht ~mha {ZH$bVm h¡ ? `h _oao dVZ h¡, _oao dVZ & XoIVm
h±,ÿ H$m¡Z OrZo go amoH$Vm h¡? {hå_V h¡ Vmo AmAmo {ZH$bmo & EH$-EH$ H$m ga \$moS‹ > S>mbyJ§ m &'' H$hH$a
Ina¡b \|$H$Vm ahm &
emHy$a MmMm Zo Xmo Mm±Q>o bJmVo hþE H$hm - ""~XV_rO! ~oAX~ & Omo _w±h _o§ AmVm
h¡, ~H$Vm Mbm Om ahm h¡ &''... ""gwa`¡ m ga na gdma h¡ & {hå_V h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ~mn H$mo
Jm{b`m± Xmo & Cggo S>aVm h¡ & S>anmoH$!''
Hw$N> Am¡a H$hVo {H$ ~_ Ho$ Y_mHo$ go Mm¢H$ n‹S>o & eHy$a MmMm H$s _ma ImH$a ^¡`m
aohmZm Am¢Yo n‹S>o Wo & Za{Jg CgHo$ ga go {_Å>r hQ>mZm MmhVr h¡ na g~Ho$ \y$bo _w±h XoIH$a
dh gh_r ~¡R>r ahr &
~_ \w$Q>m & ~mha H$â`w© ewê$ hmo J`m Wm eHy$a MmMm H$hZo bJo Aå_m! H$„Z {_`m±
Mb ~go& A\$Ob Ho$ ~ZmE ~_ \$Q> JE & nw{bg CZHo$ Ka _| h¡ & H$„Z {_`m± H$s ~rdr
^r O»_r hþB© h¡ Am¡a A\$Ob H$s ~mo[a`m± N>V H$s ~mpëH$`m| go bQ>H$ ahr h¢ &''
A§Yao r amV _| gmam eha Im_moe Wm & bmoJ bm{R>`m| H$s R>H$ R>H$ gwZH$a gmo JE
Wo & aohmZ MwnMmn N>ßna na ~¡R>m CImbr g‹S>H$ H$mo XoI ahm Wm & CgHo$ _Z _| aohmZm Ho$
à{V Z\$aV hr Z\$aV Wr & CgH$s emXr nm{H$ñVmZ _| {H$gr ~‹S>o Am°{\$ga go hmo ahr Wr &
Bgr{bE dh Mwn ahr Wr {H$ emXr Ho$ ~mX gahX Ho$ nma {ZH$b OmEJr & gahX Ho$ Bg
nma, {H$gr Ho$ {Xb na H$m¡Zgr {~Obr {JaoJr, dh BZ gmao EhgmZm| go nyar Vah go AmOmX
hmoJr &
K§Q>m-Ka Zo ~maho ~OmE & aohmZm ì`mHw$b hmo CR>m & g~ bmoJ BH$~mb ~Q>mao bm`m
h±ÿ & Omo emà {Xbm| H$mo H$mQ>Zo H$s ~mV H$aVo h¢ BÝgmZr [aíVm| H$mo VmoS‹ >Zo H$s ~mV H$aV|
h¢, CZH$m AX~ H$mo`bm h¡, {Ogo Ny>H$a hmW H$mbo hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {X_mJ VmarH$ & g_Po {_`m±
nadoO!''
""gwa`¡ m H$m J_ BH$~mb H$mo ObmH$a H$_ hmo OmEJm Š`m &'' nadoO Zo nwN>m &
""Vwåhmar _h~y~m Am¡a H$m¡Z? Agb_ Zo ObmH$a H$hm &''
""A§J«oOm| Zo h_| \$gmX H$s eŠb _| nm{H$ñVmZ Vmoh\o$ _| {X`m h¡ Am¡a h_ Bg
O»_ H$mo O~ VH$ Or`|J,o nmbVo ah|Jo ... H$a| ^r Š`m? H$a hr Hw$N> Zhr§ gH$Vo h¢,
Anm{hO Omo R>hao ... &'' aohmZ Zo AYObo H$mJOm| H$mo {b`m & nyar Jbr _| H$mJO Ho$
Qw>H$‹S>o, C‹S> aho Wo &
""_oao J_ H$mo gwa¡`m H$s gahXm| _| H¡$X H$aHo$ Vw_ g~ hH$sH$V go \$ama hmoZo MmhVo
hmo &'' Oo~ go gwZhar {S>{~`m {ZH$mbH$a Cg_| amI âr Am¡a {S>{~`m Oo~ _| aIbr &
emXr Ho$ {XZ gwa`¡ m H$mo {S>{~`m ôO Xr Am¡a KmoS‹ >o ~oMH$a Xmo {XZm| VH$ gmo`m ahm & Ka
_|§ g~Zo IwXm H$m ewH«$ {H$`m {H$ do IVao go ~M JE & qH$Vw Xmo {XZ go A~ CgH$m nVm
Zht H$hm± Z Ty>§‹T>m & Jwñgo _| eHy$a MmMm Zo H$hm- ""nagmo CZH$m _¡M h¡ & à°pŠQ>g na Zht
Om nm aho h¢ & CZH$s ~rdr a{O`m ^r _m`Ho$ JB© hþB© h¡ & CZHo$ ^mB© H$s V~r`V Iam~
h¡ &''
Ka _| h§Jm_m MrI| éH$Zo H$m Zm_ Zht bo ahr Wr & Aã~m, Aå_m, XÔm H$m ~wam
hmb Wm & Xmo hâVo ~mX aohmZ H$s bme Z¡Zr Ho$ nmg Zm~XmZ go {_br & ~XZ na MmHy$
Ho$ {ZemZ h¢ & O»_ go ~X~y \y$Q> ahr h¡ Am¡a noQ> H$s A§V{S>`m| _| H$s‹S>o a|J aho h¢ & Ka _|
nyam _moh„m C_‹S>m h¡ &
Za{Jg gmoMOr h¡- ""AJa gwa`¡ m Amnm, dhm± hmoVr, Vmo Š`m dh amoVr? AJa gwa`¡ m
Amnm `hm± hmoVr Vmo ^¡`m _aVo hr Š`m|?''
^r‹S> _| CZ VrZ b‹S>H$mo Ho$ ~mao _| H$mZm\y$gr Mb ahr Wr & Hw$N>> bmoJm| H$mo CÝht
na eH$ h¡ & na nadoO ^mB©, Agb_ ^mB©, em{hX ^mB© Vmo ^¡`m Ho$ nmg ~¡R>o amo aho Wo &
do ^¡`m H$mo Š`m| _ma|J?o
Amg_mZ _| Mrbo C‹S> ahr Wr & Za{Jg K~am JB© & ""AmO Vmo ^¡`m gM_wM hr
_a JE... H$ht Mrb ...? '' dh ^mB© Ho$ nmg OmZo dmbr Wr na XmXr Zo amoH$m & dh
gmoMZo bJr {H$ ""~Xbm ^¡`m go Mrbm| H$mo boZm Wm _Ja ò H$s‹S>o H$hm± go Am JE ? H$mJO
go CR>mH$a CÝh| do ~mha \|$H$Vo Wo {H$ n¡a Ho$ ZrMo X~H$a _a Z OmE± & {\$a ò g~ H$s‹S>o ^¡`m
Ho$ ~XZ H$mo Š`m| H$mQ> ah h¢ ?''
XÔm Zo Cgo grZo go {bnQ>m {b`m, H$h ahr Wr - ""gwa`¡ m H$m J_ KwZ H$s Vah MmQ>
J`m &'' KwZ Vmo Johy± _| bJVm h¡ - I{bHw$Z Johy± nN>mS‹o >Vo hþE {eH$m`V H$aVr Wr & Za{Jg
H$mo `mX Am`m KwZ H$m MmQ>m ImoIbm Johÿ H$m XmZm & XÔm Ho$ grZo go _wh± hQ>mH$a CgZo ^¡`m
H$s Va\$ XoIm &
""Vmo Š`m gwa`¡ m Amnm KwZ Wt ?''
AmnZo Am§J° Z _| gmo aho Wo & gwa`¡ m H$m H$_mZ CgH$s Am±Im| Ho$ gm_Zo AmZo bJm
& EH$ ~ma Cg ~od\$m go _wbmH$mV hmo OmVr Vmo ~VmVm {H$ Z\$aV _| ^r CVZr hr {eÔV
hmoVr h¡ {OVZr BíH$ _| &....''
ZrMo Am§J° Z _| ""H$m¡Z h¡? H$m¡Z h¡ ?'' AmdmO Câr
aohmZ H$mo X~r-X~r _hrZ AmdmO gwZmB© Xr - ""~MmAmo & ~MmAmo& XoIm EH$
b‹S>H$s H$mo nH$‹S>o Xmo b‹S>Ho$ I‹S>o Wo Am¡a nmg hr EH$ ~¡R>m ~r‹S>r nr ahm Wm & EH$ Zo aohmZ
H$mo nyN>m - H$m¡Z hmo Vw_? Bg Ka _o H¡$go Kwgo &''
EH$ Zo h±gVo hþE H$hm - ""nhMmZm Zht? AnZm nmQ>Z© a h¡ `ma! aohZ h¡ aohmZ &''...
""`h {XdmZm aohmZ?''
""`h H$m¡Z h¡?''
{XIVm Zht h¡ Š`m? b‹S>H$s h¡ Am¡a H$m¡Z h¡?
b‹S>H$s qhXÿ Wr Am¡a H$_{gZ Wr & H$â`y© bJZo H$s Amnm-Ymnr _| ò bmoJ Cgo CR>m
bmE Wo & ~m¡IbmE bmoJ `h g_P Zht nmVo Wo {H$ CZHo$ Amgnmg Š`m KQ> ahm h¡ & K¥Um
H$s AmJ _| dmgZm H$s bH$‹S>r XhH$ CR>r Wr & XmoZm| bS>H$o nJbmEo hþE Wo & aohZ Zo gmam _Om
{H$a{H$am H$a {X`m Wm &
""Vw_H$mo ~‹S>r h_XXu hmo JB© h¡ Bg qhXÿ bm¢{S>`m go?'' aohmZ go {^‹S>Zo H$s do H$mo{ee
H$aZo bJo &
""Bg dŠV _oao VZ-~XZ _| CVZr hr AmJ bJr h¡, {OVZr Vwåhmar ~hZ H$mo {H$gr
qhXÿ Ho$ Ka _| Bg hmbV _| XoIH$a bJVr &''
`ma, _OmH$ _V H$amo & Vwåhmam ^r {hñgm hmoJm, g_Po & EH$ b‹S>H$o Zo H$hm ""
{\$a {ZH$bm _±hw go `h Aë\$mO Vmo ... &'' aohZ H$m hmW CR>m J`m &
""qhXÿ bm¢{S>`m Ho$ {bE _wgb_mZ ^mB© na hmW CR>mAmoJ?o '' aohmZ Zo H$hm & aohmZ
Zo _ma-Hy$Q>H$a VrZm| b‹S>H$m| H$mo H$_ao _| ~§X H$aHo$ b‹S>H$s H$mo CR>mH$a N>ßna na ~¡R>m`m
CgH$s nyN>VmN> H$s & nVm Mbm ZwŠH$‹S>dmbr n§M[y a`m Ho$ _m{bH$ am_{IbmdZ H$s dh ~oQ>r
h¡ & b‹S>H$s H$s ~XZm_r Z hmo N>ßna-N>ßna go Cgo OmZo H$s dh ~mV H$aVm h¢ -
""Vw_ Mb nmAmoJr N>ßna na {~Zm emoa {H$E?''
""H$mho Zhr§ & K§Q>m Ka go VrZ H$m JOa Jy§Om &''

""Mbmo''
""_Ja ^¡`m! ~rM _| Jbr n{‹S>ò AmoH$m H¡$go bm§K~?''
""Mbmo, CR>mo Vmo! H$hH$a do MbZo bJo aohmZ OmoIr_ H$m H$m_ H$a ahm Wm & ZrMo
Jm{b`m| _| JíV H$aVr nw{bg gmo ahr Wr & gm_Zo gwa`¡ m H$m _H$mZ I‹S>m Wm qH$Vw aohmZ Zo
Z\$aV go _±hw \o$a {b`m &''
Aå_m H$s nb§J na XmdVZm_m n‹S>m Wm gwa`¡ m Am¡a B_Vo`mO H$s nagmo emXr Wr
Am¡a Mm¡Wr Ho$ {XZ dh nm{H$ñVmZ OmZo dmbr Wr &
BH$~mb Ho$ {H$Vm~ Ho$ nÞo \$m‹S>H$a Obm {XE &
10.2.1 gahX Ho$ Bg nma H$m à_wI nmÌ
aohmZ^mB© "gahX Ho$ Bg nma' H$m à_wI nmÌ CgZo E_.E. nmg {H$`m h¡ Am¡a nm±M
gmb go Zm¡H$ar H$s Vbme _| h¡ & nrEM.S>r H$aZm MmhVm Wm na CgH$m _Z CMQ> J`m &
Š`m|{H$ ~r.E. _| gwa¡`m Zm_H$ b‹S>H$s go CgH$s XmoñVr hþB© Omo AmJo MbH$a BíH$ _| ~Xb
JB©, {\$a emXr Ho$ dm`Xo {H$E JE, qH$Vw Kadmbm| Zo gm\$ BÝH$ma H$a {X`m & gwa`¡ m, g¡`X
H$s b‹S>H$s h¡ dh eoI _| Zht Om gH$Vr & CgH$m ImZXmZ N>moQ>m h¡ & bmoJ gm_mÝ` h¡
qH$Vw aohmZ na Vmo gwa¡`m H$m BíH$ g±dma h¡ &
~hþV {XZm| ~mX nVm Mbm {H$ gwa`¡ m H$s _±JZr hmo J`r , qH$Vw Cgo Bg ~mV na
`H$sZ Zht hmo ahm Wm Š`m|{H$ nagmo hr Vmo CgH$s _wbmH$mV hþB© Wr & _Z hr _Z dh KwQ§ >Vm
ahm & AnZr {ddeVm na ~oH$ama hmo J`m Wm &
~oH$mar, BíH$ _| ZmH$m_r Am¡a ~od\$mB© Zo aohmZ H$mo XrdmZm ~Z {X`m Wm & XÔm
H$hVr Wr {H$ gwa`¡ m H$s \w$â\$s Zo Bg na OmXÿQ>mZo m {H$`m h¡& dh ~hþV hr O„mX Am¡aV
h¡ & Eogo ~wao bmoJm| Ho$ ~rM aohmZ OmH$a \±$g J`m & gwa`¡ m Ho$ à{V Z\$aV {OVZr {XImB©
OmVr h¡ dh CVZm hr A{YH$ ì`mHw$b hmo OmVm h¡ & A~ Vmo dh nmJb gm ì`dhma H$aZo
bmJm h¡ & {Xb H$m dh {~ëHw$b gm\$ h¡ &
Ina¡b na ~¡R>H$a aohmZ Hw$N> ^r ~H$Vm h¡ - ""_mamo gmao qhXþAm| H$mo Jbo X~m Xmo
BZHo$ &''
""_mamo H$m{Vbm| H$mo, _mamo _oao H$m{Vb H$mo & g~ Zm_X© A§Xa ~¡R>o h¢ &'' AZoH$ ~ma
eHy$a MmMm Cgo nH$‹S>H$a H$_ao _| ~§X H$a XoVo Wo Vmo H$^r bmVm| go _maVo, O»_ hmo OmVr
Wr & Km`b-gm ~hþV Xoa VH$ gmo OmVm Wm & ""CgHo$ {X_mJ na Aga hþAm h¡'' Bg ~mV
H$m g~H$mo nVm Wm & Bg{bE noQ´>moqbJ H$aZo dmbo {gnmhr ^r h±gH$a {ZH$b OmVo Wo &
eHy$a MmMm Cgo g_Pm MwHo$ {H$ nyam _wh„m qhXþAm| H$m h¡ & {g\©$ VrZ-Mma _wgb_mZm| Ka
h¡§ & Jbr Ho$ nmg gmam _wh„m _wgb_mZmo§ H$m h¡ &
gwa`¡ m H$m XmdVZm_m XoIH$a aohmZ Xþ…Ir hmo OmVm h¡ & emXr Ho$ ~mX dh nm{H$ñVmZ Mbr
OmEJr & Bg ~mV H$mo boH$a dh doM¡Z hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a emà BH$~mb Ho$ {H$Vm~ Ho$ nÞo

\$m‹S>H$a Obm {XE & CgH$s amI gwZhar {S>{~`m _| S>mbH$a emXr Ho$ {XZ gwa`¡ m H$mo ôOH$a
CgHo$ {Xb H$mo Amam_ {_bm & g~H$mo bJ ahm Wm {H$ emXr dmbo {XZ dh H$moB© Am\$V
Z I‹S>r H$a Xo & na Zht ~‹S>o Amam_ go Xmo {XZ VH$ gmo`m ahm & g~ Zo M¡Z H$s gm±g br&
eha _| O~ X§Jm-\$gmX hþAm Wm & V~ VrZ b‹S>H$m| Zo {Og qhXÿ b‹S>H$s H$mo ^JmH$a
bm`m Wm & CZHo$ {Xb _| dmgZm OJr Wr & CZ b‹S>H$m| Ho$ gmW _ma-nrQ> H$aHo$ b‹S>H$s H$mo
CZH$s M§Jb w go Nw>S‹ >m`m & b‹S>H$s H$s ~XZm_r Z hmo, Bg{bE Cgo MwnMmn amV _| hr Ka
nhwM± m`m & dh b‹S>H$s ZwŠH$‹S>dmbr n§M[y a`m am_{IbmdZ XþH$mZXma H$s ~oQ>r gañdVr Wr&
Xÿgam| Ho$ BÁOV H$s nadm H$aZo dmbm aohmZ gwa¡`m Ho$ J_ H$mo ^wbm Z gH$m & gwa¡`m
H$s emXr Ho$ ~mX Xmo {XZ gmoVm ahm & qH$Vw ~mX _| Xmo {XZ VH$ bmnVm ahm & EH$ Zmbo
_| CgH$s bme {_br dh ^r g‹S>r-Jbr AdñWm _|& Za{Jg, Aå_m, Aã~m, XÔm
gañdVr, am_{IbmdZ Am{X g^r Bg gX_| H$mo ~Xm©íV Z H$a gH|$ & EH$ {e{jV ~oH$ma
ZmH$m_ (BíH$ _|) `wdH$ H$s _mZ{gH$ Xem H$m `WmW© dU©Z H$hmZr _| {H$`m J`m h¡ & gahX
Ho$ Bg nma dmbo `wdH$ H$m ^`mZH$ A§V nmR>H$m| H$mo ~oMZ¡ H$a XoVm h¡ & nmR>H$ `h gmoMZo na
^r {dde hmoVm h¡ {H$ aohmZ Zo AmË_hmË`m H$s Wr `m CgH$s CZ VrZ b‹S>H$m| Zo hË`m H$s
Wr & A§V VH$ H$hmZr _|§ {Okmgm Am¡a à^mdnyU© ~Zr ahr h¡ &
Zm{gam e_m© {b{IV "gahX Ho$ Bg nma' H$hmZr ^maV n{H$ñVmZ Ho$ {d^mOZ Ho$
~mX H$s pñW{V H$m `WmW© A§H$Z H$amVr h¡ & eha _| ~ma-~ma hmoZo dmbo X§J-o \$gmX &
bmoJm| Ho$ {Xb _| n¡Xm hmoZo dmbm VZmd & noQ´>moqbJ H$aVr hþE nw{bg H$s \$m¡O & Hw$N> K§Q>o
Ho$ {bE H$â`w© hQ>m XoZo go bmoJm| H$mo AnZm H$m_-H$mO H$aZo Ho$ {bE amhV & Am{YH$ g_`
VH$ H$â`w© Ho$ H$maU V§J dmVmdaU& J{b`m| _| Im_moer& Y‹S>H$Vo ^`^rV {Xb, ^mar ~yQ>m|
Am¡a bm{R>`m| H$s R>H$-R>H$ gwZVo-gwZVo gmo JE bmoJ & N>ßna na ~¡R>m aohmZ, Ina¡b Am§JZ
_§o \|$H$Vm, Cgo _Zm H$aZo H$s {H$gr _| {hå_V Zht & eHy$a MmMm Zo Cgo nH$‹S>H$a H$_ao
_| ~§X H$a {X`m & ~hZ Za{Jg H$m H$_ao _| ~§X ^mB© aohmZ H$mo Pm±H$ H$a XoIZm Am¡a Xþ…Ir
hmoZm KQ>ZmE± dmVmdaU H$s {Z{_©{V H$aVr h¡ &
Aå_m H$mo {Xb H$m Xm¡am n‹S>Zm & XÔm H$s naoemZr & Hw$N> g`_ ~mX Aå_m H$mo hmoe
AmZm & Inaob na ~¡R>H$a aohmZ H$m Hw$N> ^r ~H$Zm-""_mamo gmao qhXþAm| H$mo, Jbo X~m Xmo
BZHo$... &''
aohmZ Ho$ {X_mJ na Aga hmo J`m h¡ & Hw$N> "nmJb' h¡ & g~H$mo nVm h¡ & nyam _wh„m
qhXþAm| H$m h¡ {g\©$ VrZ-Mma Ka _wgb_mZ Ho$ h¢ & eHy$a MmMm Cgo g_PmVo h¢ _Ja dh
g_Po V~ Zm! H$hVm h¡ - ""XoI| {H$g _mB© Ho$ bmb _| VmH$V h¢ _wPo Ny>Zo H$s &''
""_wh„o _| BVZr ~ohÿXJr H$s dOh go ZOa| MwamZr n‹S>Vr h¡ ... eHy$a MmMm H$hVo
hr h¡ {H$ ~_ \$Q>Zo H$s AmdmO AmVr h¡ & Y_mHo$ go Mm¢H$ H$a g^r ~mha ^mJo & H$â`w©
bJ J`m Wm & nVm Mbm {H$ H$„Z {_`m± Mb ~go & A\$Ob Ho$ ~ZmE ~_ \y$Q> JE &
nw{bg CZHo$ Ka _| h¡ & H$„Z {_`m± H$s ~rdr ^r O»_r hþB© h¡ Am¡a A\$Ob H$s ~o{Q>`m±
N>V H$s ~{„`m| _| bQ>H$ ahr h¢ &''
EH$ b‹S>H$s H$mo nH$‹S>H$a VrZ b‹S>H$m| H$s hbMb XoIH$a aohmZ CZgo ^r‹S> OmVm
h¡ & ""~MmAmo, ~MmAmo H$s AmdmO go CgHo$ H$X_ ê$H$ JE & dmgZm H$s AmJ CZ b‹S>H$m|
_| XoIH$a b‹S>H$m| H$mo ~hþV {nQ>Vm h¡ & "" `ma, _OmH$ _V H$amo & Vwåhmam ^r {hñgm hmoJm,
g_Po & qhXÿþ b‹S>H$s Ho$ {bE _wgb_mZ ^mB© na hmW CR>mAmoJo? ''
b‹S>H$s H$mo ~MmH$a ^`mZH$ dmVmdaU _|, N>ßna-N>ßna MbH$a CgHo$ Ka nhþMmVm
ho & ZrMo J{b`m| _| JíV H$aVr nw{bg ^r gmo JB© Wr & n‹T>m {bIm aohmZ ~oH$ma h¡, BíH$ _|
ZmH$m_ h¡ qH$Vw gwa`¡ m H$m {XdmZm h¡ & nmJbnZ H$m ^yV Cg na gdm±a h¡ qH$Vw CgH$s emXr
EH$ nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ A\$ga go Vh hmo JB© Bg ~mV na CgH$m âmogm Zht h¡ & {Xb Qy>Q>Vm Vmo
emà BH$~mb Ho$ nwñVH$ H$mo \$m‹S>H$a Obm XoVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$s WmoS‹ > r amI {S>{~`m _| gwa`¡ m
H$s emXr dmbo {XZ ôOH$a {ZpíMV hmoH$a gmo OmVm h¡ &
N>ßna na ~¡R>m aohmZ Xmo {XZ go bmnVm h¡ & Ty>±T>Zo na ^r dh Z {_bm & Zmbr go
O~ CgH$s g‹S>r-Jbr bme {_br & n[adma dmbm| H$m ~wam hmb hmo J`m & Ka _| nyam _mV§_
N>m J`m Wm & MrI| {H$ éH$Zo H$m Zm_ hr Zhr§ bo ahr Wr & "gahX Ho$ Bg nma' aohmZ H$s
`h pñW{V {Xb H$mo MmoQ> nhþM ± Vr h¡ & bo{IH$m Zo dmVmdaU H$mo gmjmV² CVmaZo H$m à`ËZ
{H$`m h¡ & àg§Jm| Ho$ Ûmam dmVmdaU ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n _| gm_mZo-àË`j ZOa AmZo bJVm
h¡ &
10.2.3 H$hmZr H$s ^mfme¡br
Zm{gam e_m© _| "gahX Ho$ Bg nma' H$hmZr _| A§JOo« r Aa~r-\$magr ^mfm Ho$ eãX
à`moJ go dmVmdaU dmñV{dH$ ê$n _| C^mam h¡ & ^maV-nm{H$ñVmZ {d^mOZ Ho$ H$maU
bmoJm| Ho$ _Z _| S>a ~Zm hþAm Wm & Š`m|{H$ X§Jo-\$gmX ê$H$Zo H$m Zm_ Z bo aho Wo & H$â`y©
~_ {dñ\$moQ>, Jbr-_moh„m| _| Im_moer, nw{bg {gnmB`m| Ho$ bm{Ç>`m| Ho$ bpR²>R>`m| H$s
AmdmO ^` n¡Xm H$aVr Wr &
aohmZ Omo AnZr ghnmR>r gwa`¡ m go BíH$ b‹S>mVm h¡ qH$Vw gm_m{OH$ ~§YZ, D±$M-
ZrM Ho$ ôX Ho$ H$maU Kadmbo-g¡`X-eoI Ho$ ~rM emXr Zht hmo gH$Zo na Ñ‹T> h¡ & ~oH$ma,
ZmH$m_ aohmZ nmJb hmo OmVm h¡ & qhXþAm| Ho$ _moh„o ahH$a CÝho Jm{b`m± XoVm h¡ & nmJb
g_P H$a g~ CgH$s Va\$ Ü`mZ Zht XoVo & qH$Vw dhr aohmZ X§Jo _§o nH$‹S>H$a bmB© qhXÿ
bm¢[S>`m H$s _wgb_mZ b‹S>H$m| Ho$ M§Jwb go _wpŠV H$aVm h¡ & _h~y~m gwa¡`m H$s emXr hmo
OmZo Ho$ J_ _o bJmVma Xmo {XZ gmo`m ahVm h¡ Am¡a A§V _| Xmo {XZ bmnVm hmo OmVm h¡ &
nVm Zht dh AmË_hË`m H$aVm h¡ `m CZ VrZ b‹S>H$m| Zo (Omo b‹S>H$s H$mo nH$‹S> bmE Wo)
IyZ {H$`m & Xmo {XZ ~mX Zmbr _| bme {_bVr h¡ & gw{e{jV ~oH$ma, XrdmZo `wdH$ H$s
`h ^`mZH$ AdñWm {ZpíMV hr __© H$mo Ny>Vr h¡ &
bo{IH$m qhXr, CXÿ,© \$magr, A§JO o« r, níVmo ^mfmAm| H$s kmVm h¡ & Bg{bE CŠV
H$hmZr _| CÝhm|Zo {d{dY ^mfmAm| Ho$ eãXm| H$m g_w{MV à`moJ {H$`m h¡ &
CXm. CXÿ© - \$magr eãX - Aå_m, Aã~m, ~oJ_, ZmH$m_, ~od\$m, ~wbX§ , JmoíV,
{VboXmZr, I{bHw$Z, AX~, Am{\$`V, Ag~m~, Im_moe, _mhm¡b, BëOm_, ~oH$ama,
~o~gr, Owå_m, H$m{Vb, _moh„m, Zm~XmZm{X &
A§J«oOr eãX - \$ñQ>© Šbmg, H$â`w©, nmQ>©Za, goŠ`wba, B§{S>`m, S>m°ba, nmCÊS>, ~_,
_¡M, à°pŠQ>g, ~°S>{_Q>§Z, Zå~a dZ, Am°{\$ga Am{X &
g§ñH¥$V eãX - CËgm{hV, gañdVr, A{^ì`pŠV, ½bm{Z, _y{V© Am{X &
_whmdam| H$m gag à`moJ CZH$s ^mfm H$mo Z Ho$db gOrd H$aVo h¢ ~pëH$ ^mdm| H$mo
gag, gw~moY, n«^mdnyU,© ñnï> ^r ~ZmVo h¡§ -
O¡g - PmJ {ZH$bZm, hmW-n¡a E|R> OmZm, _Z CMQ>Zm, Jbm KmoQ>Zm, ~oH$ama
H$aZm, A§Jmam| na bmoQ>Zm, KwZ MmQ>Zm, {Xb H$mo H$ama AmZm, _wh± boH$a ~¡R>Zm, {XdmZm ~Zm
XoZm, bmV-Kyg± m| H$s ~m[ae H$aZm, _wh± \y$bZm, {Xb na {~Obr {JaZm, _Om {H$a{H$am
H$aZm, dH$mbV H$aZm, Am±I _maZm, Vmoh\o$ _o§ XoZm, H$mZm\y$gr H$aZm Am{X &
AZwH$aUmË_H$ eãX - V‹S>mVS>, {JZ-{JZH$a, XoI-XoIH$a, Mrb-{Mbmo[a`m±,
_ma-_maH$a, nQ>H$-nQ>H$a, nb-nb Am{X &
`WmW© H$m {MÌU - ~r^Ëg ag {Z_m©U hþAm h¡ -
CXm. Xmo hâVo ~mX aohmZ ^mB© H$s bme Z¡Zr Ho$ nmg Zm~XmZ go {ZH$br h¡ & ~XZ
na T>oam| MmHy Ho$ {ZemZ h¢ & O»_ go ~X~y \y$Q> ahr h¡ Am¡a noQ>r H$s A±V{S>`m| _| H$r‹S>o a|J
aho h§¡ &
nmÌmZwHy$b ^mfm e¡br H$m à^md {XImB© XoVm h¡ -
CXm. ""ZmgnrQ>r, OhÞw_r h¡ & OmZo {H$VZo Ka COm‹S>oJr ham©\$m &'' XÔm ""_oao
OrVo-Or gmao Mm|Mbo h¡§ & _a JB© Vmo,.... &'' Aå_m
""_mamo _oao H$m{Vb hm| & g~ Zm_X© A§Xa ~¡R>o h¢'' -aohmZ""hm± , `h h_mao ~mny H$s
h¡ --'' b‹S>H$s -gañdVr
""Aå_m! V_m_ Ty>T± > {b`m, AñnVmb, ZXr, Hw$Am & Cg aohmZ Ho$ ~ÀMo H$m H$ht nVm
Zht h¡ &'' eHy$a MmMm
""Vmo Š`m gwa`¡ m Amnm KwZ Wt?'' Za{Jg Am{X Ho$ g§dmXm| go H$Wm{dH$mg Am¡a A§V VH$
CËH§$R>m ~Zr ahr h¡ & H$bmË_H$, _m{_©H$Vm, à^mdmË_H$, ghOVm, gw~moYVm CZH$s ^mfme¡br
H$s {deofVm ahr h¡ &

* "gahX Ho$ Bg nma H$m à_wI nmÌ aohmZ h¢' - {gÕ H$s{OE &
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* ao h mZ na {H$g ~mV H$m nmJbnZ gdma Wm - ñnï> H$s{OE &
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* ~X_me bS>H$m| Ho$ M§Jb w go aohmZ Zo b‹S>H$s H$mo H¡$go Nw>S>m`m &
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* aohmZ H$s bme {_bZo na CgHo$ Kadmbm| H$s _ZpñW{V H$m dU©Z H$s{OE&
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* XÔm H$s M[aÌJV {deo f VmAm| H$m n[aM` Xr{OE
&................................................................................................
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* gahX Ho$ Bg nma - erf©H
$................................................................................................
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* eHy$a MmMm
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* gahX Ho$ Bg nma H$m dmVmdaU
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* Bg H$hmZr H$s ^mfm e¡br
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* gwa`¡ m Amnm
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* aohmZm H$s ~hZ H$m Zm_ Š`m h¡ ?
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* XÔm H$m¡Z h¡ ?
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* aohmZ Zo ~X_mem| Ho$ M§Jb w go Nw>S‹ >mB© hwB© b‹S>H$s H$m Zm_ {b{IE ?
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* aohmZ H$m {H$gHo$ gmW BíH$ Mb ahm Wm ?
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* gwa`¡ m Ho$ gmW aohmZ H$s emXr Š`m| Zhr§ hþB© ?
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* aohmZ H$s bme H$hm± {_br Wr ?
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* ""OmH$a Oam Im{bHw$Z H$mo Vmo ~wbm bmAmo & H$hZm XþëhZ H$s V~r`V R>rH$
Zht h¡ & XÔm Zo \$m¡aZ ~wbm`m h¡ &''
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* ""_mamo H$m{Vbm| H$mo, _mamo _oao H$m{Vb H$mo & g~ Zm_X© A§Xa ~¡R>o h¢ & H$moB© Zht
~mha {ZH$bVm h¡ ....&''
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* ""gwa`¡ m ga na gdma h¡ & {hå_V h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ~mn H$mo Jm{b`m± Xmo & Cggo
S>aVm h¡ & S>anmoH$ &''
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* ""nhMmZm Zht ? AnZm nmQ>Z© a h¡ `ma & aohmZ h¡ aohmZ &''
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* ""qhXÿ bm¢{S>`m Ho$ {bE _wgb_mZ ^mB© na hmW CR>mAmoJo ?''
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* "" Vw_ Mb nmAmoJr N>ßna na {~Zm emoa {H$E ?''
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10.4 gmame§
"gahX Ho$ Bg nma' H$hmZr H$s bo{IH$m ho Zm{gam e_m© & H$hmZr H$m H|$Ðr` nmÌ h¡
aohmZ ^mB© & Aå_m, Aã~m, XÔm, Za{Jg Am¡a ^¡`m aohmZ _wgb_mZ n[adma n‹S>mgo _o§ hr
eHy$a MmMm ahVo h¢ & Ina¡b N>ßna go Am±JZ _| \|$H$Zo dmbo aohmZ H$mo eHy$a MmMm nH$‹S>H$a
H$_ao _| ~§X H$a XoVm h¡ & ~hZ Za{Jg gmV gmb H$s h¡, Cgo ^mB© H$s `h pñW{V XoIr Zhr
OmVr & dh {IS>H$s go XoIVo h¡, aohmZ- ""Am¡Ym n‹S>m ngrZo go ^rJ J`m h¡ &''
eha _| \$gmX hþAm qhXÿ-_wgb_mZ H$m & Jbr _| gÞmQ>m h¡ _Ja aohmZ Ina¡b na
~¡R>H$a Hw$N> ^r ~H$Vm h¡ & aohmZ Ho$ {X_mJ na Aga hþAm h¡ `h g~ OmZVo h¢ & eHy$a
MmMm Cgo g_Pm MwHo$ h¡ & nyam _wh„m qhXþAm| H$m h¡ & {g\©$ VrZ-Mma Ka _wgb_mZ Ho$
h¡ & Jbr nma gmam H$m gmam _wh„m _wgb_mZm| H$m h¡ & O~ H$â`w© IË_ hþAm Vmo OmZ-
~yPH$a aohmZ eoadmZr nhZH$a {ZH$bm -
""XoI|§ {H$g _mB© Ho$ bmb _| VmH$V h¡ _wPo Ny>Zo H$s &''
aohmZ n‹T>m {bIm h¡ & E_.E., nm±M gmb go Zm¡H$ar H$s Vbme _| h¡ & O~ dh
~r.E. _§o Wm V~ gwa¡`m go CgH$m BíH$ Mb ahm Wm qH$Vw dh g¡`X H$s ~oQ>r eoI _| emXr
Zht hmo gH$Vr AWm©V² g_mO _| Om{V-g§àXm` Ho$ ôX> ñnï> Wo &
gwa`¡ m H$s _§J° Zr hmo JB© {\$a ^r Cg ~od\$m Zo aohmZ H$mo `h ~mV Zht ~VmB© Bg{bE
dh ~oMZ¡ Wm & ~oH$mar, BíH$ _| ZmH$m_r Am¡a ~od\$mB© Zo Cgo {XdmZm ~Zm {X`m Wm & H$h
ahm Wm - ""_mamo H$m{Vbmo H$mo & g~ Zm_X© A§Xa ~¡R>o h¢ ...&''
eHy$a MmMm Xmo OmoaXma Mm±Q>o bJmE± - ""gwa¡`m ga na gdma h¡ & {hå_V h¡, Vmo
CgHo$ ~mn H$mo Jm{b`m± Xmo & Cggo S>aVm h¡ & S>anmoH$ &'' V^r I~a {_br {H$ A\$Ob
Ho$ ~ZmE ~_ \$Q> JE CgH$s, H$ëbZ {_`m± H$s _m¡V hmo JB© &
gmam eha Im_moe Wm & aohmZ Ho$ _Z _| gwa`¡ m Ho$ à{V Z\$aV Wr & emXr Ho$ ~mX
gahX Ho$ nma {ZH$b OmEJr Bg{bE dh Mwn Wr na gahX Ho$ Bg nma {H$gr Ho$ {Xb na
H$m¡Z gr {~Obr {JaoJr, dh BZ gmao EhgmZm| go AmOmX hmoJr & ~mah ~Oo Wo na dh gmo`m
Z Wm & V^r ""~MmAmo'' H$s AmdmO gwZr & VrZ b‹S>H$m| Zo EH$ gw§Xa qhXÿ b‹S>H$s H$mo CR>m
bm`m Wm & V^r EH$ Zo ""H$hm AnZm nmQ>Z© a h¡ `ma! aohmZ h¡ aohmZ &'' CZ VrZm| go _manrQ>
H$s Am¡a b‹S>H$s H$mo N>ßna-N>ßna go bo OmH$a CgHo$ Ka nhþ±Mm`m & b‹S>H$s H$s ~XZm_r
H$m S>a Wm & ~‹S>m Omo{I_ H$m H$m_ aohmZ Zo {H$`m& dh b‹S>H$s- gañdVr- am_{IbmdZ
XþH$mZXma H$s ~oQ>r Wr &
gwa`¡ m H$s emXrdmbo {XZ emà BH$~mb H$s nwñVH$ ObmH$a amI {S>{~`m _|
ôOH$a dh em§{V H$m Ahgmg H$aVo hþE Xmo {XZ gmo`m ahm & g~Zo M¡Z H$s gm±g br & qH$Vw
CgHo$ Xmo {XZ ~mX dh Ka bm¡Q>m Zht Wm & n[adma dmbo naoemZ W¡ & AñnVmb, ZXr,
Hw$Am± - g~ ñWmZm| na XoIm & Xmo hâVo ~mX CgH$s bme Z¡Zr Ho$ nmg Zm~XmZ go {ZH$mbr

& ~XZ na MmHy$ Ho$ {ZemZ, O»_ go ~X~y, noQ> H$s A§V{S>`m| go H$sS>o a|J aho Wo & nVm Zht
CgZo AmË_hË`m H$s `m CZ VrZ b‹S>H$m| Zo CgH$s hË`m H$a Xr & A§V VH$ H$hmZr nmR>H$m|
H$s CËH§$R>m ~ZmE aIVr h¡ &
10.5 eãXmW©
PmJ {ZH$mbZm - \o$Z {ZH$bZm
hmW-n¡a E|R> OmZm - hmW-n¡a {gHw$S> OmZm
{VboXmZr - gyB,© A§Jíw VmZ Am{X aIZo H$s N>mQo >r W¡br
_hrZdmbr - ~marH$
Ag~m~ - Amdí`H$ gm_J«r MrO, dñVw
Im{bHw$Z - d¡Ú
ê$gdm - amof, ZmamO hmoZm
_Z CMQ>Zm - _Z Z bJZm
Jbm KmoQ>Zm - OmZ boZm
~o~gr - {ddeVm
~oH$ama hmo CR>Zm - ì`mHw$b- ~oMo Z¡ hmoZm
~od\$mB© - H¥$VÜZVm
ZíVa - ZwH$sbm eñÌ
_b{JOr amoeZr - ~¢JZr, bmb-{Zbm a§J
{eÔV - H$ï>, H$R>mao Vm, Vrd«
Aë\$mO - eãX, H$WZ
Im_moe gamnm - _m¡Z-Mwn
A±Jmam| na bmoQ>Zm - Xþ…I ^wJVZm
K§Q>mKa - K‹S>r bJr hþB© D±$Mr _rZma
ham©\$ - S>m`Z, ^yVZr
BH$~mb emào - à{gÕ emà BH$~mb
AO_r - _hmZ², loð>
AX~ - {dZ`, {eï>mMma
Eh{V`m - ~Mmd, gmdYmZr
{Xb H$mo H$ama AmZm - M¡Z AmIZm
Am{\$`V - ~Mmd, I¡[a`V
_V_B©Z - em§{V go, Amam_ go
Zm~XmZ - Zmbr
KwZ MmQ>Zm - H$rS>o bJZm, Zï> H$aZm

* Xoe-{d^mOZ go g§~{§ YV H$hm{Z`m| H$m g§H$bZ H$s{OE &
* aohmZ Ho$ ào_^§J Ho$ H$maU ~Zr hþB© _mZ{gH$ pñW{V H$m AnZo eãXm| _| dU©Z
H$s{OE &
* Zm{gam e_m© Ho$ AÝ` H$hmZr g§J«hm| _| go {H$gr EH$ H$hmZr H$s g_rjm
H$s{OE &
* "R>rH$ao H$s _§JZr' e_m© Ho$ CnÝ`mg H$mo n{T>E &
* ^rî_ gmhZr H$s Mr\$ H$s XmdV H$hmZr nT>H$a gwZmBE &


BH$mB© - 1
IÊS> H$mì` - e~ar-H${d - Zaoe _ohVm
AZwH$« _
1.0 CÔoí`
1.1 àñVmdZm
1.2 {df` - {ddaU
1.2.1 IÊS> H$mì` - H$) ê$n {dYmZ, I) H$WmdñVw
1.2.2 nmÌ - e~ar, _V§J G${f, lram_
1.2.3 n[adoe
1.2.4 ^mfm - {eën
1.2.5 CX²Xoí`
1.4 gmam§e
1.5 eãXmW©
1.7 A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVH§$o
1.0 CÔoí`
* IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ {Z_m©U$ VÎdm| H$mo OmZ gH$|Jo &
* am_mÙ Ho$ "e~ar' Ho$ H$WmZH$ go n[a{MV hm|Jo &
* Zaoe _ohVm H$s H$mì` g§~Y§ r ZdrZ CX²^mdZmAm| H$s àmg§{JH$Vm H$mo OmZ
gH|$Jo &
* _mZdr` _yë`m| H$mo AnZo ì`pŠVËd _| CVmaH$a OrdZ H$mo A{YH$ g§nÞ H$a
gH|$Jo&
1.1 àñVmdZm
* Zaoe _hVm H$m n[aM`
gm{hË`H$ma g_mO Ho$ `WmW© OrdZ H$m ^moŠVm hmoVm h¡ & AnZr AZw^{y V`m± à^mdH$,
amoMH$ Am¡a AmH$f©H$ T>J§ go O~ àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ Vmo gm{hË` ~Z OmVm h¡ & gm{hË` _| boIH$
H$m ì`pŠVÎd àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ & CgH$s à{V^m, H$ënZm, AZw^{y V, A{^ì`pŠV Am¡a g§`moOZ Ho$
X²dmam {dMmaYmam hr CgHo$ gm{hË` àñ\w$Q>>Z, ì`pŠVÎd Ho$ gmYZ h¢ & Bg{bE gm{hË` Am¡a
ì`pŠVÎd XmoZm| nañnaOrdr h¢ &
"e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ aMZmH$ma Zaoe _ohVm Ho$ ì`pŠVÎd H$m n[aM` Bg{bE Amdí`H$
h¡ &
Zaoe _ohVm H$m OÝ_ 15 \$adar 1924 _Ü`àXoe Ho$ _mbdm joÌ Ho$ amOmnwa
Zm_H$ Jm±d _| hþAm &
Zaoe _ohVm H$m dmñV{dH$ Zm_ nyUe © H§ $a ewŠb h¡ & do JwOamVr n[adma go g§~X§ Y²
h§¡ & _ohVm CZH$mo àmá Cnm{Y h¡ & _Ü`àXoe Ho$ ZaqghJ‹T> amOKamZo Zo CÝh| gå_m{ZV
{H$`m Am¡a amO_mVm Zo nyUe © H§ $a H$m Zm_ "Zaoe' aIm & Bg Vah do nyUe © H§ $a ewŠb go Zaoe
_ohVm ~Zo &
Zaoe _ohVm Ho$ {nVmOr H$m Zm_ n§{S>V {~hmarbmb ewŠb Wm & CZH$s _m± H$m
ñdJ©dmg, do O~ T>mB© df© Ho$ Wo, V^r hmo J`m & {nVm {damJr hmo Jò & Bg{bE ~mbH$
Zaoe H$mo ~MnZ go hr {nVm-Am¡a _mVm H$m ñZoh Zht {_bm &
Zaoe _ohVm H$m bmbZ-nmbZ CZHo$ MmMm n§{S>V e§H$abmb ewŠb Zo {H$`m, Omo
Yma Ho$ EH$ {dÚmb` _| hoS>_mñQ>a Wo & ~mX _| do S>rßQ>r H$boŠQ>a ~Zo & `hm± CZH$m OrdZ
d¡^d _| ~rVm & MmMmOr ñd`§ d«O ^mfm _| H${dVmE± {bIVo Wo & n[aUm_V… Zaoe Ho$
_mZg na H${d g§ñH$ma hþE & Zaoe N>R>t H$jm VH$ MmMm Ho$ gmW aho & CgHo$ ~mX do
ZaqghJ‹T> Mbo JE Am¡a dht na Xgdt VH$ n‹T>mB© H$s & BÊQ>a nmg hmoZo na O~ {nVmOr
go _wbmH$mV hþB© Vmo CÝhm|Zo EH$ ~{‹T>`m H$b_ nwañH$ma ñdê$n Xr Am¡a do AmJo H$s n‹T>mB©
Ho$ {bE H$mer Am JE & H$mer _| CÝh| ~Zmag {h§Xÿ {díd{dÚmb` Ho$ S>m.° `moJÝo ÐZmW {_l
Zo Xm{Ibm H$amZo _| _XX H$s Am¡a Xmo _hrZo AnZo Ka na aIm & do {~bm© hmoñQ>b o _| aho
& {nVmOr ha _mh ~rg énE ôOVo Wo & do AnZo {nVmOr Ho$ ~mao _| {bIVo h¡§ - ""do àg§JV
(d¡amJr) Adí` Wo na§Vw ê$Io Zht & CZgo O~ ^r {_bZm hmoVm EH$ AOr~, {Z…g§J,
AmË_r`-dËgb ^md _wPo {_bVm &''
AÜ``Z H$aVo-H$aVo CÝhm|Zo H|$Ðr` à{ejU g§ñWmZ, XohamXÿZ _| goHo$ÊS> bopâQ>Z|Q>
H$m à{ejU ^r àmá {H$`m &
ñZmVH$ H$jm _| CZHo$ AÜ``Z Ho$ {df` Wo - amOZr{V {dkmZ, àmMrZ B{Vhmg
Am¡a {h§Xr gm{hË` & {h§Xr _| CÝhm|Zo E_.E. {H$`m & Z§XXþbmao dmOno`r Ho$ _mJ©Xe©Z _|
nrEM.S>r. H$aZo H$m H$m`© àma§^ {H$`m, na dmOno`r Zo O~ ~Zmag N>mS‹o > {X`m Vmo CZH$m
`h H$m`© nyU© Zht hþAm & 1947 _| CÝhm|Zo ~Zmag N>m‹ So > {X`m & H$mer Ho$ {dÚmWu OrdZ
Ho$ g§X^© _| do {bIVo h¢ - ""H$mer gXm EH$ Zm[a`b d¥j O¡gr bJr, D$na go H$R>moa, ^rVa
go Ob`wŠV, bo{H$Z {OgH$m _yb à`moOZ nyOm H$m hr ahm &''
H$mer go Ka OmZm Wm na Zaoe _ohVm Ho$ nmg {H$amò Ho$ n¡go Zht Wo & _m±JZm
ñdm{^_mZ Ho$ {Ibm\$ Wm, Bg{bE CÝhm|Zo ~Zmag H$s Hw$§ O Jbr _| A_ra ì`mnm[a`m| H$mo
AnZr H${dVmE± gwZmB© Am¡a Mmbrg énE BZm_ Ho$ ê$n _| nmE & Bg Vah Ka OmZo Ho$ {bE
n¡gm| H$m à~§Y {H$`m & Hw$N> {XZm| AmH$medmUr _| Zm¡H$ar H$s & 1957 _| Zaoe _ohVm H$m
{ddmh hþAm &
CZHo$ H${dVm g§H$bZ h¢ -
~Z nmaIr gwZmo, ~mobZo Xmo Mr‹S> H$mo, AaÊ`m, CËgdm, Vw_ _oam _m¡Z hmo, {nN>bo
{XZm| Z§Jo n¡am|, XoIZm EH$ {XZ, AmIra g_wÐ go VmËn`©& BZHo$ IÊS>H$mì` h¢ - g§e` H$s
EH$ amÌ, _hmàñWmZ, àdmX nd©, e~ar Am¡a àmW©Zm nwéf &
"àmW©Zm nwéf' _hmË_m Jm±Yr na AmYm[aV h¡ & CZHo$ _V go Jm§Yr ^maVr`Vm H$m
loð>V_ ñdê$n h¡ & AÝ` IÊS>H$mì` am_mÙ Am¡a _hm^maV Ho$ H$Wmàg§Jm| na AmYm[aV
h¢ & BZH$m bú` ahm h¡ - ^maVr`Vm, _mZdVm H$mo AnZo H$mì` Ûmam àH$Q> H$aZm & Zaoe
_ohVm H$mo 1992 _| "kmZnrR'> nwañH$ma àmá hþAm & 22 Zd§~a 2000 H$mo CZH$m ñdJ©dmg
hþAm & AaÊ`m Zm_H$ aMZm na CÝh| 1988 _| gm{hË` AH$mX_r nwañH$ma àmá hþAm Wm &
Zaoe _ohVm Xÿgao gáH$ Ho$ _w»` H${d h¡§ & BZH$s H${dVm _| na§nam Am¡a AmYw{ZH$Vm
H$m g_Ýd` Ñ{ï>JmoMa hmoVm h¡ & do N>m`mdmXmoÎma H$mì` Ho$ {d{eï> H${d h¡ & Hw$b {_bm
H$a Zaoe _ohVm _mZd_yë`m| Ho$ gOJ àhar h¡ & nyU© g_n©U ^md go CÝhm|Zo _mZdVm H$m
nj {b`m h¡ & do ñnï>dmXr H${d h¡ & Bg H$maU Z Vmo do na§namAm| Ho$ A§Y nmofH$ h¡§, Z
AmYw{ZH$Vm-ZdrZVm Ho$ A§Y g_W©H$ hr & Bg{bE do Jmoñdm_r VwbgrXmg H$s Vah
g_Ýd` Am¡a gm_§Oñ` Ho$ H${d h¡ &
1.2 {df` {ddaU
H$) IÊS>H$mì` - ê$n{dYmZ
ag, ^md Ho$ à^md H$mo CËnÞ H$aZo dmbm gm{hË` H$hbmVm h¡ & gm{hË` Xmo ê$nm|
_| àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ - JÚ Am¡a nÚ & nÚ N>ÝXmo~Õ Jo` aMZm hmoVr h¡, {Ogo H$mì` H$hVo
h¢ & H$Ï` Ho$ AmYma na gm{hË` Ho$ ôX h¢ - à~§Y Am¡a _wŠVH$ & à~§Y _| g^r nX `m
gJ© EH$-Xÿgao go OyS>o hmoVo h¢ & ò H«$_e… n‹T>o OmZo na hr g§nyU© Ame` ì`ŠV H$a gH$Vo
h¢ & ñdV§Ì ê$n go Ame` ì`ŠV H$aZo _| Am¡a g§nU y © ag ì`ŠV H$aZo _| Ag_W© hmoVo h¢ &
à~§Y H$mì` H$m hr EH$ àH$ma h¡ IÊS>H$mì` & AmMm`© {dídZmW Zo AnZo J«W§
"gm{hË` Xn©U' _| {bIm h¡ -
""IÊS>H$mì` ^doV² H$mì`ñ_¡H$XoemZwgm[a M &''
AWm©V² IÊS>H$mì` _| H$WmZH$ OrdZ Ho$ EH$ A§e H$mo {bE hþE hmoVm h¡ & {dídZmW
àgmX {_l Zo AnZo T>J§ go IÊS>H$mì` H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡ - ""_hmH$mì`
Ho$ T>J§ na hr {Og H$mì` H$s aMZm hmoVr h¡, na {Og_| nyU© OrdZ J«hU Z H$aHo$ IÊS>
OrdZ hr J«hU {H$`m OmVm h¡, Cgo IÊS>H$mì` H$hVo h¢ & `h IÊS> OrdZ Bg àH$ma
H$mì` _§o ì`ŠV {H$`m OmVm h¡ {H$ {Oggo dh aMZm Ho$ ê$n _| ñdV…nyU© àVrV hmoVr h¡ &''
IÊS>H$mì` EH$ Eogm nXç~X²Y H$WmH$mì` hmoVm h¡ {OgHo$ H$WmZH$ _| Aàmg§{JH$-

Jm¡U H$WmE± Zht hmoVr§ & IÊS>H$mì` H$m AmH$ma N>mQo >m hmoVm h¡ & IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ H$WmZH$
_| g§JR>Z Am¡a H$gmd (H$m°ån°ŠQ>) hmoVm h¡ & BgHo$ dU©Z _| {dñVma Zht hmoVm &
^mdàdUVm Am¡a Vrd« AZw^{y V Ho$ H$maU IÊS>H$mì` amoMH$ Am¡a AmH$f©H$ hmoVm h¡ &
IÊS>H$mì` H$m H$WmZH$ nm¡am{UH$, Eo{Vhm{gH$ AWdm H$pënV hmo gH$Vm h¡ & nm¡am{UH$
Am¡a Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$WmZH$ hr IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ àm`… H$Ï` hmoVo h¡§ &
IÊS>H$mì` H$m ~mhç A§J _hmH$mì` H$s Vah hmo gH$Vm h¡, gJ©~X²YVm hmoVr h¡,
na _hmH$mì` H$s Vah H$WmZH$ àñVw{V _| gJ©~X²YVm A{Zdm`© Zht hmoVr & gJm] H$s
g§»`m ^r `hm± _hmH$mì` H$s Vah {ZpíMV VWm {ZYm©[aV Zht hmoVr &
IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ à_wI bjU h¢ -
* à^mdmpÝd{V - IÊS>H$mì` _| EH$ hr à^mdmpÝd{V hmoVr h¡ & AV… Cg_| H$WmZH$
H$mo g_w{MV g§J{R>V aIZm n‹S>Vm h¡ &
* {Z~m©Y dU©Z - AmH$ma _| bKw hmoZo Ho$ H$maU IÊS>-H$mì` AnZo bú` H$s Amoa
Vrd«Vm go ~‹T>Vm h¡ & Bg{bE Cg_| {Z~m©Y dU©Z àdmh Amdí`H$ h¡ &
* AdmÝVa KQ>ZmAm| Ed§ H$WmAm| H$m n[aË`mJ - IÊS>H$mì` _| H${d H$Wm-H«$_ Ho$
Vrd« {dH$mg na hr Ü`mZ aIVm h¡ & Cg_| dh BYa-CYa H$s KQ>ZmAm| VWm àmg§{JH$
H$WmAm| H$m gd©Wm n[aË`mJ H$a XoVm h¡ &
* CXmÎm M[aÌm| H$m {MÌU - IÊS>H$mì` _| nmÌm| H$s g§»`m gr{_V hmoVr h¡, {H$§Vw Omo
^r M[aÌ Cg_| CâVo h¢, do g§nyU© ê$n _| CXmÎm à^md N>mo‹S>Vo h¢ &
* _hV² bú` H$s àm{á - IÊS>H$mì` H$m bú` {H$gr gm_m{OH$ CÀM AmXe© H$s
ñWmnZm H$aZm hmoVm h¡ & {~Zm AmXe© Ho$ H$moB© ^r H$mì` nyUV© m H$mo àmá Zht hmoVm &
Cn`wŠ© V bjUm| Ho$ AmYma na {h§Xr Ho$ à_wI IÊS>H$mì` Bg àH$ma h¢-O`ÐW
dY, n§MdQ>r, Hw$éjoÌ, A§Ym`wJ, apí_aWr , {h{S>å~m, O`^maV, H$m¢Vò H$Wm, CÎma O`,
Ðm¡nXr, _hmàñWmZ, g§e` H$s EH$ amV, àdmX nd©, àmW©Zm nwéf, e~ar Am{X &
H$mìèmñÌr` Ñ{ï> go IÊS>H$mì` _| H$WmdñVw, nmÌ Ed§ CZH$m M[aÌ-{MÌU,
àH¥${V {MÌU, ag `moOZm, gJ©~X²YVm, N>X§ `moOZm, g§{jáVm Am{X VÎd _hmH$mì` H$s
Vah hmoVo h¢ & O¡gm {H$ nyd© _| h_Zo XoIm {H$ IÊS>H$mì` _| {H$gr EH$ KQ>Zm AWdm
àg§J{deof H$mo boH$a hr H$WmdñVw H$m {Z`moOZ hmoVm h¡ & IÊS>H$mì` _| àm`… EH$ hr nmÌ
hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Cg nmÌ Ho$ OrdZ H$m ^r gr{_V {MÌU hmoVm h¡ & OrdZ Ho$ ZmZm{dY ê$n,
{d{dY àg§Jm| H$m {dñV¥V dU©Z Zht {H$`m OmVm & H${d H$m nyam Ü`mZ nmÌ Ho$ ì`pŠVËd
Ho$ gdm©{YH$ A§e Ho$ CX²KmQ>Z na H|${ÐV ahVm h¡ & `hm± àH¥${V {MÌU Ho$ {bE ^r ~hþV
AdH$me Zhr§ hmoVm & hm± `h Oéa h¡ {H$ IÊS>H$mì` H$m H${d nmÌ Ho$ gmW àH¥${V H$m
VmXmËå` ñWm{nV H$am XoVm h¡, {Oggo nmÌ H$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg gwñnï> hmo OmVm h¡ & ag
H$s Ñ{ï> go ^r IÊS>H$mì` _| OrdZ Ho$ EH$ hr nj H$m {MÌU hmoZo Ho$ H$maU EH$ hr ag
H$s A{^ì`§OZm hmoVr h¡ & AZoH$ agm| H$s `moOZm Ho$ {bE `hm± AdH$me Zht ahVm &
_hmH$mì` H$s ^m±{V gJ©~X²Y hmoZm IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ Zht h¡ & Bg{bE
IÊS>H$mì` gJX²Y hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Zhr§ ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡ & N>§X `moOZm H$s Ñ{ï> go ^r
IÊS>H$mì` H$s N>X§ -`moOZm ^mdmZwH$y b hmo gH$Vr h¡ AWdm nyam H$mì` EH$ hr N>X§ _| hmo
gH$Vm h¡ & g~go _hÎdnyU© ~mV IÊS>H$mì` _| g§{jáVm _hÎdnyU© VÎd Ho$ ê$n _| AmVm
h¡ & b§~o-b§~o dU©Zm| Ho$ {bE `hm± H$moB© J§wOmBe Zht hmoVr & Ho$db _m{_©H$ àg§J hr
{M{ÌV {H$E OmVo h¢ & gmW hr IÊS>H$mì` _| _hmH$mì` g§~Y§ r AZoH$ {Z`_m| O¡g-o
_§JbmMaU, gÁOmoZm| H$s àe§gm, XþOZ© m| H$s qZXm Am{X H$m nmbZ Amdí`H$ Zht ahVm & Bg
Vah IÊS>H$mì` à~§YH$mì` H$m hr EH$ ôX h¡ & {Ogo "bKwH$mì`' H$h gH$Vo h¢ & {H$gr
^r aMZm H$s H$gm¡Q>r Ho$ {bE IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ EH$ hr H$WmZH$,(H$Ï`), EH$ hr à_wI H$Wm,
EH$ hr ag, EH$ hr N>X§ , H$WmZH$ Ama§^, {dH$mg, Ma_ gr_m, {ZpíMV CÔoí` H$s
EH$mË_H$ ApÝd{V Amdí`H$ ahVr h¡ &
I) H$WmdñVw - "e~ar' IÊS>H$mì`
Zaoe _ohVm X²dmam a{MV "e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` h¡ & IÊS>H$mì` à~§Y H$mì` H$m EH$
ê$n h¡ & à~§YH$mì` _| ì`dpñWV ~±Yr hþB© H$Wm hmoVr h¡ & Bg H$Wm _| nydm©na g§~Y§ {Zdm©h
hmoVm h¡ & H$WmdñVw H$m gwJ{R>V {dÝ`mg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a a_Ur`Vm, amoMH$Vm VWm à^mdmË_H$Vm
Am{X H$WmZH$ Ho$ JwU h¢ &
H$WmZH$ Xmo àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡ - Am{YH$m[aH$ Am¡a àmg§{JH$ & IÊS>H$mì` _|
àmg§{JH$ H$WmE± AË`ën hmoVr h¡§ & {Og Vah N>mQo >-o N>mQo >o PaZo {_b H$a N>mQo >r ZXr V¡`ma
hmoVr h¡, Cgr Vah àmg§{JH$ H$WmE± {_bH$a IÊS>H$mì` H$s Am{YH$m[aH$ H$Wm nwï> hmoVr h¡ &
H$Wmàdmh H$mo amoMH$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE N>mQo >-o N>mQo >o AmH$f©H$ g§dmX VWm àg§J `moOZm H$s
OmVr h¢ & g§dmXm| Ho$ H$maU ZmQ>H$s`Vm Am¡a g§Kf© H$m AmJ_Z hmoVm h¡ &
Zaoe _ohVm X²dmam a{MV "e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` H$m H$WmZH$ CnamoŠV JwUm| go `wŠV h¡ &
"e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` H$m Am{YH$m[aH$ H$WmZH$ e~ar Ho$ OrdZM[aÌ H$mo {bE hþE
h¡ & e~ar H$m H$WmZH$ à»`mV H$WmZH$ h¡ & e~ar Ho$ H$WmZH$ H$m ómoV dmë_r{H$ G${f
X²dmam a{MV "am_mÙ', Jmoñdm_r VwbgrXmg Ûmam a{MV "am_M[aV_mZg', lr gwH$XodOr
X²dmam a{MV "lr_X²^mJdV' VWm gyaXmgOr X²dmam a{MV "gyagmJa' h¡ & BZ gmao H$WmZH$m|
Ho$ AmYma go "e~ar' "e~a' Om{V H$s l_Um Zm_H$ EH$ ^JdX²^ŠV ñÌr _mZr OmVr h¡ &
{OgH$s ^pŠV go àgÞ hmoH$a lr am_M§Ð Or Zo CZH$s Hw$Q>r`m _| OmH$a e~ar X²dmam àXÎm
OyR>o ~oa ImE & `hm± ~oa _rR>o h¢ `m Zht Bgo XoIZo Ho$ {bE e~ar Zo ñd`§ MI-MI H$a
_rR>-o _rR>o ~oa am_Or H$mo {XE Am¡a ^JdmZ Zo ~‹S>o ào_ go BÝh| Im`m & e~ar H$s ^pŠV H$s
am_M§Ð Or Zo àe§gm H$s &
lram_M[aV_mZg Ho$ AaÊ`H$mÊS> _| "e~ar' H$m H$WmZmH$ Am`m h¡ & `h e~a
Om{V H$s l_Um Zm_H$ EH$ ñÌr h¡ & AnZo n{V Ho$ X²dmam n{j`m| H$s hË`m XoI CgH$m
_Z Aem§V hmo CR>Vm Wm, AV… EH$ amV AnZm Ka~ma N>mS‹o > CgZo O§Jb H$s eaU br Am¡a
MbVo-MbVo dh "nånmga' nh±M w r & `hm± _mV§J G${f X²dmam {eî`m| H$mo {XE JE CnXoe
gwZ Cgo kmZ hmo J`m Am¡a CÝht Ho$ Amerdm©X go dh na_ ^JdV²^ŠV hmo JB© & e~a Om{V
H$s hmoZo H$maU AÝ` G${f`m| Zo BgH$m VWm BgHo$ Aml`XmVm _V§J G${f H$m {VañH$ma
{H$`m & \$bñdê$n nånmga Ho$ Ob _| H$s‹S>o n‹S> JE, Ob aŠV Ho$ g_mZ hmo J`m Wm &
Hw$N> {XZm| Ho$ níMmV² grVmOr H$mo T>T‹y± >Vo hwE lram_ Am¡a bú_U Bg ^rbZr H$s Hw${Q>`m na
nh±M
þ o & CZH$m ñdmJV H$aVo hþE CÝh| AmgZ na {~R>mZo Ho$ Cnam§V e~ar am_-bú_U Ho$
ImZo Ho$ {bE O§Jbr ~oa bo AmB©, Am¡a {OÝh| MI-MI H$a CÝho§ XoVr ahr & lram_ CZ
OyR>o ~oam| H$mo ~‹S>r àgÞVm go Im boVo h¢ & Bgr g_` gamoda H$s XþX©em XoI bú_U Zo
CgH$m ahñ` ~Vbm`m Am¡a e~ar Ho$ ñne© go nånmga H$m Ob nwZ… ewXY² hmo J`m & lram_
H$s AZw_{V go CZHo$ hr gm_Zo {MVm _| à{dï> hmo dh ñdJ© {gYmar Wr &
OmZo go nhbo e~ar Zo am_ H$mo ~Vm`m {H$ Amn nånmgamoda OmBE Am¡a dhm±
AmnH$s gwJr« d go {_ÌVm hmoJr V^r AmnH$mo grVmOr H$hm± h¡ BgH$s I~a {_boJr &
e~ar Ho$ ~VmE _mJ© Ho$ AZwgma am_ Zo AmJo Mb H$a gwJr« d go _¡Ìr H$s Am¡a
hZw_mZOr go ^|Q> H$s &
AÜ`mË_ am_Ù _| e~ar Zo AnZo AmnH$mo {ZåZ Om{V H$s hmoZo Ho$ H$maU am_ H$s
godm Ho$ {bE A`mo½` ~Vm`m &
VwbgrXmg {b{IV am_mÙ _| -
""AY_ Vo AY_ AY_ A{V Zmar & {VÝh _h _¡§ _{V_§X AYmar &&''
AWm©V² Omo AY_ go ^r AY_ h¡, pñÌ`m± CZ_| ^r AË`§V AY_ h§¡ Am¡a CZ_| ^r
_¢ _§X~wX²{Y h±ÿ & V~ am_ Zo H$hm -
""Om{V-nm{V, Hw$bY_©, ~‹S>ßnZ, YZ, ~b, n[adma, JwU, MVwaVm, ñÌr-nwéf Ho$
ôX B©ídaàm{á _| ~mYH$ Zht h¢ & ^pŠV hmoZm AË`§V Amdí`H$ h¡ &''
Bgr H$WmZmH$ H$mo Zaoe _ohVm Zo "e~ar' Zm_H$ IÊS>H$mì` _| nm±M gJm] _o§
{d^m{OV {H$`m h¢ & {OZHo$ Zm_ h¢ - ÌoVm, nånmga, Vnñ`m, narjm, Xe©Z &
* ÌoVm - gJ©
e~ar H$s H$Wm ÌoVm`wJ H$s H$Wm h¡ & ^maVr` H$mbJUZm _| Mma `wJ _mZo JE h¢
& gV`wJ, ÌoVm`wJ, X²dmna `wJ Am¡a H${b`wJ & Bgr ÌoVm`wJ _| lram_M§Ð Am¡a naewam_ ò Xmo
{dîUw Ho$ AdVma hþE & ÌoVm`wJ _| nwÊ` A{YH$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a _Zwî` H$s Am`w A{YH$ hmoVr
h¡ & Bgr ÌoVm`wJ H$s AË`§V gmYmaU, Am{Xdmgr g_mO H$s A{êá Zmar H$s OrdZJmWm
AWm©V² e~ar H$s H$Wm H$mo AmYma ~Zm`m h¡ & XrZ-hrZ Zmar am_ H$Wm go OwS‹ > H$a nmdZ
Am¡a n{dÌ hþB© &
ÌoVm gJ© _| e~ar Ho$ g_` H$m n[adoe A§{H$V {H$`m J`m h¡ & gV`wJ ~rV OmZo
na g_yMm _Zwî` g_mO dZ-AaÊ` H$s J«m_-g§ñH¥${V H$mo N>mS‹o > H$a ZmJa ~Z J`m & dZm| H$mo

H$mQ> H$a IoV-I[bhmZ ~ZmE & amñVo ~Zm H$a H$ñ~o - ZJa H$s Xy[a`m± IË_ H$s & ÌoVm `wJ
_| amOm Am¡a amÁ` H$m {Z_m©U hwAm & nm¡am{UH$ _mÝ`Vm Ho$ AZwgma _Zw Am¡a gVê$nm Ho$
XmoZm| ~oQ>o {à`d«V Am¡a CÎmmZnmX ÌoVm`wJ _| hr hþE Omo YaVr Ho$ nhbo amOm Wo & VËH$mbrZ
amÁ`m| H$m {d^mOZ OZnX _| hþAm Wm & _¡XmZm| Am¡a Z{X`m| Ho$ {H$Zmao g§ñH¥${V aMr JB©
h¡ & qdÜ`, [h_mb` Ho$ _Ü` joÌ _| `{X J§Jm ZXr Zht hmoVr, Vmo h_mar g§ñH¥${V Am¡a Xoe
H$m {Z_m©U hr Zht hmoVm &
A_amB©, Joh±ÿ, JÞo go J§Jm Ho$ joÌ H$m _¡XmZr ^yàXoe - g_¥X²Y hþAm Wm & ZXr Ho$
{H$Zmao G${f`m| Ho$ n{dÌ Aml_ Wo & Am`© bmoJm| H$s ~pñV`m± ehar gä`Vm boH$a nyd© Am¡a
X{jU H$s Amoa \¡$b ahr Wr§ & qdÜ`mMb _o| H$mob, H$samV Am{Xdmgr ~gVo Wo & amñVo ~rh‹S>
dZm| go JwOaVo Wo & amñVo _| Hw$N> dÝ` Om{V`m± Wr§, Omo new-n{j`m| H$m {eH$ma H$aVr Wr§ &
byQ>nmQ> na AnZm OrdZ`mnZ H$aVr Wr§ & g_mO _| dU©-ì`dñWm Wr & {Og_| Vnñ`m
H$aZodmbo ~«m÷U g_mO _| {ga_m¡a Wo & j{Ì` ajH$ Am¡a nmbH$ Wo & d¡í` ì`mnma H$aVo
Wo Am¡a l{_H$ godH$ eyÐ Wo & Am`© g_mO H$s `h dU© ì`dñWm {OÝh| ñdrH$m`© Wr do,
""Am`©Om{V Ho$ hmoZo na ^r
H$hbmE amjgJU''
`h amjg bmoJ `km| H$m Üd§g H$aVo Wo & Aml_dm{g`m| H$mo VH$br\|$ XoV,o aŠV-
_m§g° go CÝh| Xÿ{fV H$aVo Wo, Vmo Xÿgar Amoa O§Jb _| ahZodmbr dÝ` Om{V`m± Wr§ & ^ú`
A^ú` H$m H$moB© {ddoH$ CZ_| Zht Wm & N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o Ka ~Zm H$a do O§Jb _| ahVo Wo & BZH$m
OrdZ`mnZ qhgm, byQ> nmQ>, IyZ-Iam~o go hmoVm Wm & `h dZMa aoIm ZXr go boH$a H$mdoar
VH$ \¡$bo Wo &
Eogr hr EH$ dZOm{V Wr e~a, Omo qdÜ`mMb Ho$ dZm| _| ahVr Wr & Bg Om{V
_| "l_Um' Zm_ H$s EH$ _{hbm Wr & Omo new [h§gm go K¥Um H$aVr Wr§ & CgH$m Ka
H$gmB©ImZo O¡gm Wm, _m°§g H$s J§Y \¡$br Wr, Imb CYo‹S>r Om ahr Wr, h{S²>S>`m± BYa-CYa
\¡$br Wr & IyZ Ho$ aobo O_rZ Am¡a Xrdmam| na \¡$bo Wo & n[adma Ho$ bmoJ H$mbo eara na
b§JmoQ> YmaU {H$E hË`mao O¡go bJVo Wo & l_Um H$m _Z Bg dmVmdaU _| Zht a_ ahm Wm &
AMmZH$ CgHo$ _Z _o {dMma Am`m, Š`m l_Um e~ar H$m OrdZ Bgr dmVmdaU _| ~rV
OmEJm? --
""H$m¡Z OÝ_ H$m nwÊ` OJm
l_Um e~ar Ho$ _Z _|''
""nmn-H$_© hr {bIm hþAm h¡
Š`m _oao OrdZ _| ?''
I
µ Zy gZo h{W`mam| H$mo YmoVo gmoMm H$aVr {H$ ^JdmZ Zo {H$VZr gwX§ a MrO| ~ZmB© ?

dZ, g[aVm Am¡a YaVr AZwn_ h¢ & Cgo bJVm {H$ Z OmZo {H$g gmYw Zo Bg eyÐm H$mo l_Um
Zm_ {X`m, Š`m|{H$ {H$gr e~a b‹S>H$s H$m l_Um Zm_ WmoS‹ >o hr hmoVm h¡? AnZo Bg n[adoe
Ho$ à{V CgHo$ _Z _| {dV¥îUm OmJ¥V hþB,© dh {ZU©` boVr h¡ - n[adma ~§YZ go _wŠV hmoH$a
à^w AmamYZm H$aZo H$m & OrdZ _| `{X Hw$N> H$aZm h¡ Vmo n[adma Ho$ _moh H$mo Ë`mJZm hmoJm &
dh EH$ {XZ nŠH$m {ZU©` bo boVr h¡ & AmYr amV H$mo Jhar ZtX _| O~ ~ÀMo gmoE
Wo, n{V H$s ~m±h Jbo _| Wr, Ma~r H$m {X`m Ob ahm Wm, V~ dh CR>r, ~mha XoIm, CÎmar
{Xem _| gá{f© Vmao {Ib Jò Wo, {j{VO Zrbm-gm {XI ahm Wm, nwZ… _yS‹ > H$a CgZo XoIm,
Ka Ho$ g~ bmoJ gmoE Wo, Iam©Q>o â aho Wo, V~ dh {ZH$b n‹S>r &
* nånmga gJ©
"nånmga' Zm_H$ gamoda H$m joÌ àma§^ hmoVm h¡ & nånmga _| ~‹S>-o ~‹S>o G${f-_w{Z`m|
Ho$ Aml_ h¢, Omo Ü`mZ-Vnñ`m Am¡a B©ída-AmamYZm _| Sy>~o hþE Wo & BZ_| go EH$ h¡ _V§J
G${f H$m Aml_ & _V§J G${f Ho$ Aml_ _| CgZo XoIm {H$ ~«ô_Mmar bmoJ `k Ho$ {bE
bH${‹S>`m± MwZ aho h¢ & nm¡Yo H$mQ>o Om aho h¢, gtMo Om aho h¢, H$moB© Jm`m| H$mo Xþh ahm h¡, {haZ
AR>I{o b`m± H$a aho Wo, VmoVo AnZr ~mobr gwZm aho Wo & G${f H$Ý`mE± nmZr bm ahr Wr§, `k
do{X`m± àÁÁd{bV hmo CR>r Wr§, doXnmR> hmo aho Wo, `k go gwa{^V YwAm± dmVmdaU H$mo _hH$m
ahm Wm & e~ar ñZmZ H$a Aml_ Ho$ \$mQ>H$ na AmH$a ~¡R>Vr h¡ & _V§J G${f em§{VnmR> nyU©
H$a `kembm go ~mha {ZH$bo, Vmo EH$ ñÌr H$mo XoI do Wmo‹S>m-gm gHw$MmE, e~ar Zo CZHo$
MaUm| _| ere PwH$m`m & _V§J G$[f Zo nyN>m, -
""nyN>m G${f Zo - Vw_ H$m¡Z?
H$m¡Z hmo Am¡a H$hm± go Am`r
XoIm Z VnmodZ _| nhbo
Š`m Z`r-Z`r hr Am`r?''
`h àíZ gwZ H$a e~ar H$s Am±I§o â Am`r§ & H¡$go ~VmE± {H$ dh A§ËÒ h¡ & e~a
Om{V H$s h¡ Am¡a _¢ AnZm CÔoí` Š`m H$h±ÿ {H$ _wPo AÜ`mË_ {nnmgm h¡ & Bg{bE dh ~mob
n‹S>Vr h¡, _¢ `hm± godm H$aZo AmB© h±ÿ ..... _¢ e~a Om{V H$s í`m_m h±ÿ & _¢ g~H$mo, n[aOZm|
H$mo V¥UdV² Ë`mJH$a Am JB© h±ÿ & `h gwZ _V§J G${f Ho$ _Z _| e§H$m CËnÞ hþB© {H$ Aml_-
g_mO _| ANy>V H¡$g ah gH$Vm h¡ VWm `h ñÌr h¡, Omo Ka go ^mJ H$a AmB© h¡ & Bggo
bmoJ ~mVo§ ~Zm gH$Vo h¢ & Hw$N> ~mV| ~Z gH$Vr h¡, ~mV| H$hr Om gH$Vr h¡ ? Bg{bE do
H$hVo h¢ {H$ `hm± Vwåh| aIZo H$m {ZU©` Aml_dmgr hr H$a|Jo & `h gwZ e~ar ~mobr {H$ ho
Aml_dmgr, _oao à^w A{¾ ñdê$nm h¡, Omo AË`§O H$mo ^r Ny> H$a n{dÌ H$a XoVo h¢& AmJo
dh àíZ H$aVr h¡, AmË_m H$s CÞ{V Š`m Ho$db CÀMdJ© VH$ hr _`m©{XV h¡? ^JdmZ² Vmo
g~ Ho$ {nVm h¡ &
""Š`m AmË_m CÞ{V Ho$db

h¡ CÀM dJ© VH$ hr gr{_V?
à^w Vmo h¡ g~Ho$ {nVm, ^bm
CZH$m AmamYZ Š`m| gr{_V>?''
`h gwZH$a _V§J G${f M{H$V hmo JE Am¡a CÝh§o bJm `h Vmo H$sM‹S> _o§ {Ibm H$_b
h¡ & _V§J G${f H$mo dh AmJo H$hVr h¡ {H$ AmnH$mo _oao H$maU qM{VV hmoZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm
Zht h¡ & _¢ no‹S> Ho$ ZrMo ah by§°Jr & na§Vw _wP| Jm`m| H$s godm H$aZo H$m Adga Xo§ Am¡a _V§J
G${f Zo daXmZ XoVo hþE H$hm -
""{Zü` hmoJr Vy ^ŠVloð>
Am¡a _¢ VwPo gm¢nVm Jmoembm
.... à^w Zm_ Omn hr AmamYZ &''
e~ar Zo Jmoemb _| nhþM °§ H$a Ym¡bm (Jmoam), H${nbm, í`m_m Zm_H$ Jm`m| H$mo XoIm
& ~N>S>m| Zo ^r Jbo H$s K§Q>r ~Om H$a CgHo$ AmJ_Z H$s Iwer ì`ŠV H$s Am¡a {~Zm S>ao
e~ar Ym¡br Jm` Ho$ nmg nhþM ± r CgHo$ ~mX H${nbm H$mo ghbm`m, H¥$îUm H$m {ga gyK± m Am¡a
í`m_m Ho$ Jbo _| ~m±ho§ S>mbr§ & _V§J G${f H$mo {dídmg hmo J`m {H$ e~ar {Z{üV hr
nwÊ`mË_m h¡ & e~ar Ho$ CËWmZ H$s amh XrZ~§Y,w XrZmZmW Adí` ~VmE§Jo Am¡a e~ar H$mo
AnZm b|Jo &
* Vnñ`m
"e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` H$m Vrgam gJ© "Vnñ`m' h¡ & Bg_| e~arX²dmam Zo VnpñdZr H$m
ê$n YmaU H$aZo H$m dU©Z h¡ & nånmga Ho$ EH$ H$moZo _| e~ar Zo AnZr Hw${Q>`m ~ZmB© Am¡a
dhm± ahZo bJr & Cgo AnZo H$~rbo Ho$ OrdZ H$s `mX AmVr h¡ Vmo Cgo AMaO hmoVm h¡ &
CgH$s gho{b`m± no‹S>m| na M‹T> H$a Km|gbm| go A§S>o CR>m H$a Im OmVr Wr§ & H$Q>Vo newAm|
H$s AmdmO| CgHo$ _mZg _| JyO ± Zo bJVr, Vmo Cgo bJVm _Zwî` g~go A{YH$ {Z_©_ h¡ &
g~Hw$N> dh Im OmVm h¡, `h H¡$gm ^yIm-XmZd H$s Vah h¡ -
""{Z_©_ Vmo àH¥${V ^r h¡
na Cggo ^r {Z_©_ _mZd
g~ ^moOZ h¡ BgHo$ Vmo
`h H¡$gm ^yIm XmZd>?''
_Zwî` Ho$ OrdZ _| Š`m gw§XaVm H$m H$moB© AW© Zht h¡? H$b-H$b ~hVr ZXr, \y$bm|
H$s _hH$, Ob _| {Ibo H$_b, _§Ìñdam| go {H$`m J`m AdJmhZ, `h \¡$br har Kmg-
H$moB© Eogr epŠV Adí` h¡ Omo Bg OrdZ H$mo gw§XaVm go âVr h¡ &
e~ar JwéAmkm H$m nmbZ H$aVr Wr & g§`{_V Am¡a {Z`§{ÌV OrdZ OrZo H$m d«V
A§{JH$ma {b`m Wm & ~«h_² dobm _| CR> OmVr, ñZmZ H$aVr, Ü`mZ YaVr & nyOZ hoVw Hw$e-

\y$b ~rZVr Am¡a gy`m}X` go nyd© JwéOr H$s Jmoembm _| nh±Mþ OmVr & Jm`m| H$mo Mmam-nmZr
XoVr, XÿY XþhVr, Jmo~a go Am§J° Z {bnVr, ~mX _| YmZ Yyn _| XoVr, Hy$Q>Zm,nrgZm gmam H$m_
H$aVr & àËòH$ ~«÷Mmar {eî` H$mo Š`m Mm{hE, Š`m Zht Mm{hE `h XoIVr & Bg Vah
H$m_ _| CgH$m {XZ ì`VrV hmo OmVm & em_ H$mo G${f O~ AnZo {eî`m| H$mo H$Wm gwZmVo,
Vmo Xÿa I‹S>r ah H$a Cgo gwZVr, AW© OmZVr, Aml_ H$s Xr`m-~Îmr hmoZo na Ka OmVr & amV
_| ^JdmZ H$s _y{V© Ho$ gm_Zo VÝ_` hmoH$a H$sV©Z H$aVr, nyOZ-AM©Z _| hr CgH$s amV ~rV
OmVr & e~ar AnZo à^w H$s godm _| BVZr brZ Wr {H$ {XZ-â Ho$ g^r H$m_m| H$mo dh
à^w H$m ûm¥J§ ma g_PVr Wr & ^md-{d^moa hmoH$a à^w H$mo JrV gwZmVr & erVb _§X hdm
_|, _oKmo| Ho$ JO©Z _|, amV H$s {Ibr Mm§X{Z`m| _§o e~ar AnZo à^w H$mo hr XoIVr & e~ar
H$m bú` Wm -
""e~ar H$m Vmo h¡ Vy hr
AmamÜ` Am¡a ~g Vn-~b
e~ar Zo AnZm gd©ñd à^w H$mo g_{n©V H$a {X`m & CgHo$ _Z _| Ñ‹T> {dídmg h¡ {H$ -
""Ì¡bmoŠ` N>mo‹S> V~ à^w hr
AmE§°Jo XoZo Xe©Z &''
* narjm
e~ar IÊS>H$mì` H$m Mm¡Wm gJ© h¡ - narjm & narjm IÊS>H$mì` _| e~ar Ho$
narjm-àg§J H$m dU©Z h¡ & narjm EH$ H$gm¡Q>r h¡ {Oggo ì`pŠVÎd H$mo Am±H$m OmVm h¡ &
e~ar H$m ì`pŠVÎd, e~ar Ho$ ^pŠV^md VWm CgHo$ ANy>V hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX gÀMmB© H$s
narjm h¡ &
e~ar H$s {XZM`m©, Aml_ Ho$ {bE EH$ A{^^mdH$dV² hmo JB© Wr & Bg H$maU
àg§J _| ~mVm|-ì`m»`mZ _| e~ar H$m C„oI gVr Zmar H$s Vah hmoVm Wm & Kmg-\y$g-
gr, VwÀN>dV², X`m H$s nmÌ e~ar AmO Aml_ H$s Vwbgr ~Z JB© & e~ar H$mo gd©Ì à^w
hr ZOa AmZo bJo & H${d {bIVo h¡§ -
""dh h±gr Yyn garIr
{eew-gr ì`mHw$b hmo OmVr
H$moB© AmhQ> `m Üd{Z gwZ
VÝ_`-{d^moa hmo OmVr &''
e~ar Ho$ Bg ê$n go _V§J G${f n[a{MV Wo Am¡a CgHo$ ^pŠVZ hmoZo na _Z hr _Z
h{f©V Wo &
~mV gM h¡ {H$ {H$gr H$m CËH$f© g_mO _| ghm Zhr§ OmVm & do AnZr Ñ{ï> go
ì`pŠV H$s narjm boH$a CgH$s gÀMmB© H$mo OmZVo & Bg{bE do An_mZ Am¡a ~XZm_r H$s
ghm`Vm boVo & ^bo hr H$moB© drVamJr, g§V _hmË_m, G${f-_w{Z H$m Aml_dmgr g_mO
hr Š`m| Z hmo, B©î`m© hmoZm, X²dfo CËnÞ hmoZo m ñdm^m{dH$ hr h¡ & CÝh| bJVm `h e~ar A^r
AmB© h¡, ^rb Om{V H$s h¡, Š`m dh gVr hmo gH$Vr h¡ ? Š`m h_ CgH$s ñVw{V H$a|? _V§J
G${f ^bo hr CgHo$ ñVw{VnaH$ _§Ì hr aM S>mb§,o na§Vw gm_m{OH$ {Z`_m| H$m nmbZ hmoZm
Amdí`H$ h¡ & Š`m|{H$ H$moB© eyÐ, à^w AmamYZm H$aZo go Am`© Zht hmo gH$Vm & `k, `mJ
H$aZm, nyOZ H$aZm eyÐm| H$m H$_© Zhr§ h¡ & An{dÌ, eyÐ e~ar "nånmga' Zm_H$ n{dÌ
gamoda _| ñZmZ H$a Cgo An{dÌ H$a ahr h¡ & _V§J G${f H$s _{V ^«ï> hmo JB© h¡ & EH$ eyÐ
_{hbm H$mo Aml_ _| aIm h¡ & BVZm hr Zht do Vmo AnZo àdMZ _| gm{dÌr, AZwg`y m Ho$
g_H$j n{Vd«Vm Zmar Ho$ ê$n _| e~ar H$m Zm_ boVo h¢ & `h nånmga G${f g_mO H$mo
ñdrH$m`© Zht h¡, Bg{bE _V§J G${f `m Vmo G${f g_mO H$mo ñdrH$ma| `m e~ar H$mo Xÿgao,
nånmga H$m Ob An{dÌ hmo J`m h¡ & ZhmZm Vmo Xÿa, Xe©Z H$aZm ^r Kmoa nmn h¡ & Eogm
{dMma H$a g_yMm Aml_ g_mO CÎmo{OV hmo J`m Wm Am¡a CÝhm|Zo Xmo Qy>H$ _V§J G${f H$mo
H$h {X`m -
""ñdrH$ma Z hmo `{X CZH$mo
gmao g_mO H$m {ZU©`,
Vmo ~{hîH$ma H$aZo H$m
H$aZm hr hmoJm {Zü` &''
`h gwZ H$a _V§J G${f {IÞ hþE & CÝhm|Zo gmoMm {H$ `h G${f g_mO AnZo _±hw
go ñd`§ H$mo loð> H$hVm h¡, `h Xå^ Am¡a nmIÊS> Zht Vmo Am¡a Š`m h¡, Š`m|{H$ Y_© go ~‹T>
H$a dUm©l_ H$s _`m©Xm Zht hmo gH$Vr & O~ VH$ e~ar dZm| _| Wr V~ VH$ dh dZMa
Wr, eyÐm Wr, A~ Vmo dh Aml_dm{gZr h¡, d¡am½` {b`m h¡ Bg{bE dh Xodr hmo JB© h¡ &
nånmga VrW© h¡ Vmo VrW© hr ahoJm Š`m|{H$ VrW© H$m H$m_ eyÐVm, nmn {_Q>m H$a n{dÌ H$aZm
h¡, bo{H$Z gÀMmB© Vmo `h h¡ {H$ g^r `wJm| _| AÀN>o OZ Ho$ _mJ© _| hr H$m±Q>o ~moE OmVo h¢ -
""Am¡a Ë`mJZm n‹S>m VnmodZ
G${f H$mo, e~ar H$mo ^r
Hw$Q>r Obm, g~ Zï> {H$`m
eyÐm H$s ñ_¥{V H$mo &''
AmJo dZ _| OmH$a Obme` Ho$ nmg _V§J G${f Zo nwZ… Aml_ ~Zm`m & e~ar Zo
AnZr ZB© Hw${Q>`m ~ZmB© & _V§J G${f Zo e~ar H$mo `moJ Am¡a Xe©Z H$s {ejm Xr & ~oa H$s
Vah H±$Q>rbr PmS>r H$mo _V§J G${f Zo Am_«dj ¥ _| n[a{UV {H$`m & JwéOr Ho$ gmW ah H$a
e~ar H$mo kmZ~moY hþAm & `moJ, A{¾ H|$ gmW-gmW ^pŠV `moJ H$s n{dÌ J§Jm-O_wZm
dh ~Zr, bo{H$Z e~ar H$mo EH$ Am¡a narjm XoZm eof Wm & Aml_dm{g`m§o Ho$ _Z _| X²dfo
H$s AmJ YYH$ ahr Wr & ò XmoZm| {ZO©Z dZ _| Š`m| ahVo h¢? Am¡a Aml_dm{g`m| H$s Cnojm
Š`m| H$aVo h¢ ? CbQ>o e~ar H$s H$s{V© H$m VoO {XZ-à{V{XZ ~‹T> ahm Wm & `h XoI-gwZ
_w{Z`m| H$s N>mVr na gm±n bmoQ>Vm Wm &
Aml_dm{g`m| Zo e~ar Ho$ Ka H$m nVm bJm`m & EH$ AmX_r e~ar Ho$ Ka ôOm
J`m & I~a nmVo hr AnZo gm{W`m| Ho$ gmW e~ar H$m n{V Xm¡S‹ >m Am`m & ~agm| nhbo nËZr
^mJ JB© Wr & Bg ñÌr Zo h_mar Om{V H$s ZmH$ H$mQ>r, Bg{bE dh `wXY² H$s V¡`mar Ho$ gmW
Am`m Wm & G${f`m| Zo g_Pm`m, ""YraO go H$m_ bmo & G${f Ho$ `hm± go e~ar H$mo bmZm
AmgmZ Zht h¡ & EH$ Cnm` h¡ - Vw_ g~ AmYr amV _| e~ar H$s Hw${Q>`m na OmZm & dhm±
H$moB© Zht hmoVm & `{X G${f H$mo nVm Mbm Vmo emn go Vw_ g~ ^ñ_ hmo OmAmoJo & Bg{bE
A§Yao _| hr {ZH$b OmZm, AmO A_mdg H$s amV h¡& Vwåhmar Hw$bXodr H$m {XZ h¡ Am¡a Vwåh§o
ImoB© nËZr {_b ahr h¡ &'' e~a AnZo gm{W`m| Ho$ gmW Hw${Q>`m Ho$ {ZH$Q> dZ _| OmH$a Nwn
H$a ~¡R> J`m & e~ar H$o n{V Zo XoIm {H$ {I‹S>H$s go àH$me Am ahm h¡ & CËgwH$Vmde
{I‹S>H$s go Pm±H$ H$a XoIm & à^w Ho$ qghmgZ H$s à{V_m Ho$ AmJo XrnH$ Ob ahm Wm Am¡a
e~ar AmI§o _°X§ y o ~¡R>r Wr & e~ar H$m Eogm n{dÌ ê$n Am¡a gVrËd XoI e~a OZm| H$mo bJm {H$ -
""H$^r Z XoIr Wr n{dÌVm
Eogr CZ e~am| Zo
Wr e~ar hr na AOr~ Wr,
XoIm g~ e~am| Zo &''
XadmOm YHo$b H$a e~a bmoJ A§Xa AmE & do ^` go H$m±nZo bJo Š`m§{o H$ `{X e~ar
{M„mB© Vmo _wpíH$b hmoJr Bg{bE VÝ_` AdñWm _| pñWV e~ar H$mo nH$‹S> H$a, _§hw° ~m§Y°
H$a bo MbZm hr C{MV h¡, ò gmoM H$a do AmJo ~‹T>o Vmo XoIm {H$ e~ar Ho$ Mmam| Amoa AmJ
H$m Koam Ob ahm h¡ & Eogm bJVm Wm _mZm| gm±nmo Ho$ Koao _| ~¡R>r h¡ & do bmoJ AmJo ~‹T>o Vmo
AmJ Zo CZH$mo Pwbgm {X`m do {M„mZo bJo, AmdmO gwZ H$a _V§J G${f AmE, nyN>m, BVZr
amV Š`m| AmE? g^r bmoJ G${f Ho$ MaUm| _| {Ja n‹S>,o G${f Zo g~ H$mo j_m H$a {X`m &
do g^r Mbo JE & e~ar H$mo BgH$m Oam ^r Ehgmg Zht hþAm & e~ar Zo nwZ… AnZo
AmamÜ` H$s àVrjm _| brZ hmo JB© &
* Xe©Z
e~ar IÊS>H$mì` H$m A§{V_ Am¡a nm±Mdm gJ© h¡ - Xe©Z & Xe©Z Ho$ Xmo AW© h¡§ -
EH$ h¡ XoIZm, Xÿgam h¡ àmá H$a boZm & e~ar am_ H$mo AWm©V² B©ída H$mo àmá H$a boVr h¡ &
EH$ Amoa Vmo A^r ^r e~ar Am¡a _V§J G${f H$mo boH$a bmoJm| H$m _V à{VHy$b Wm,
Vmo Xÿgar Amoa bmoJm| Zo `h ^r OmZm {H$ amdU X²dmam grVm H$m AnhaU hþAm h¡, am_ na
{dnXm AmB© h¡& `km| Ho$ ajH$, Am`© bmoJm| Ho$ ÌmVm am_ H$s nËZr H$m haU hmo J`m & g§Vmof
H$s ~mV BVZr Wr {H$ ^mB© bú_U gmW Wo & _V§J G${f, Omo Ðï>m Wo, CÝhm|Zo Bg àg§J
H$mo ^JdmZ H$s brbm g_Pm & e~ar H$m CX²Yma H$aZo à^w am_ dZ _| Am JE h¡, Bg ~mV
H$m CÝh| Ehgmg hþAm &
em_ Ho$ g_` g§Ü`m-AM©Zm hmoZo Ho$ ~mX gy`m©ñV AmaVr hþB© & n§{N>`m| Ho$ H$bad
_| Xÿa go emoa gwZmB© {X`m & O~ ^r‹S> nmg AmB© Vmo _V§J G${f Zo Aml_ Ho$ ~mha AmH$a
XoIm, Xmo `wdamO _V§J G${f Ho$ MaUm| _| PwH$o Wo & `h em_-ídoV H$s OmoS>r am_-bú_U
hr Wo & g^r bmoJm| H$mo CÝhm|Zo Aml_ Ho$ ^rVa ~wbm`m & am_-bú_U Hw$emgZ na ~¡R>o &
CZH$s Hw$eb jo_ OmZr Am¡a AmZo H$m à`moOZ nyN>m & gÞmQ>m N>m J`m & Bg em§{V H$mo
VmoS‹ >Vo hþE am_ Zo Yra-J§^ra AmdmO _| H$hm,'' Bg VnmodZ _| AmH$a _oam OrdZ gmW©H$
hmo J`m & nånmga nhþM ± Zo na _wPo _V§J G${f Am¡a e~ar Ho$ g§~Y§ _| AmnZo \¡$bmE hþE
àdmX H$mo gwZ H$a XþI hþAm & AmnZo `h ^r Zht gmoMm {H$ BZHo$ O¡gm G${f g§nyU© ~«h²_m§S>
_| Zht h¡ & do G${f`m| Ho$ nyOZr` h¡§ & Vnñ`m Ho$ ~b na CÝhm|Zo BVZr epŠV nm br h¡
{H$ CZHo$ ñne© _mÌ go g^r An{dÌVm IË_ hmoH$a OrdZ ñdU©-gm {Z_©b hmo OmVm h¡ & _¢Zo
e~ar H$s gwa{^V Vnñ`m H$Wm H$mo gwZm h¡ & _oao {dMma go e~ar Zo ^bo hr {ZåZ Hw$b _|
OÝ_ {b`m hmo bo{H$Z H$_© go {ed epŠVê$n h¡ & _¢ CZHo$ Xe©Z Ho$ {bE Am`m & `h _oam
{dZ_« {ZdoXZ h¡ -
""e~ar A§ËÒ h¡ Vmo Š`m
dh epŠV ê$n h¡ eyÐm,
h¡ VoO ê$n dh Ho$db
{ed-epŠV ê$n h¢ eyÐm &''
BVZo _| {H$gr Ho$ AmZo H$s AmhQ> hþB© & bmoJm| Zo XoIm {H$ g\o$X dñÌ _| {bnQ>r
{ZîH$b§H$ e~ar Wr & XmoZm| Am±Im| go Am±gy Pa aho Wo & dh grYo G${f Ho$ gm_Zo AmB© Am¡a
nyOm-àgmX Jwé Ho$ gm_Zo aI {X`m & àgmX Ho$ ê$n _| Ho$db O§Jbr ~oa Wo & CgZo gm±dbo
am_M§ÐOr H$mo XoIm Am¡a gmW hr bú_UOr H$mo & AmZ§X Am±gy go am_Or H$m _wI Sy>~Vm-
gm bJVm -
""`h H¡$gr _hmH¥$nm Wr
à^w AnZo go Wo Amò,
XþJ©_ AaÊ`-dZ-Mb H$a
eyÐm e~ar-Ka Amò &''
e~ar Ho$ _Z _| àíZ CnpñWV hþAm {H$ à^w H$mo H$hm± {~R>mE ? H$m¡Z gm n[aYmZ
bmE?
{H$Z _§Ìm| go CZH$m AmdmhZ H$ao ? Š`m do _oao dZ\y$bm| H$s _mbm H$mo ñdrH$ma H$a|Jo ?
Š`m CZHo$ MaUm| na _¢ \y$bm| H$mo dmê±$? H¡$go n§Im PbmD±$? Am¡a _¢ CÝh| Š`m H$h H$a
nwH$mê$± ? Ì¡bmoŠ`n{V am_ Ho$ AmJo Š`m namog?o Eogm gmoM H$a _wpŠV H$s A{^bmfm go am_
Ho$ MaUm| _| lX²Ymnyd©H$ PwH$ JB© & e~ar Zo AnZo Alw Ob go am_ Ho$ nJ YmoE &
am_ Zo e~ar H$mo CR>m`m Am¡a AmgZ XoH$a nmg {~R>m`m Am¡a ~mob,o ""Bg OZ H$mo
nyOm-àgmX Zht {_boJm ?'' - h¡ ~oa O§Jbr ò Vmo, e~ar Ho$ _Z _| g§H$moM CËnÞ hþAm
Š`m|{H$ `h O§Jbr ~oa _rR>o-H$S>do hmo gH$Vo h¢ & Bg{bE CgZo {ZU©` {b`m {H$ dh MI
H$a hr CÝh| XoJr & à^w H$s Or^ ~Z H$a ñd`§ MIoJr, Am¡a dh ~oa MI-MI H$a à^w
H$mo XoZo bJr -
""dh ghO ^md go MIVr
_rR>o à^w H$mo Xo XoVr,
à^w ghO ^md go ImVo
Am°I
§ m| go H¥$nm ~agVr
bú_U M{H$V hmoH$a {ZíN>b ^md go ~oa {IbmZo dmbr e~ar H$mo XoI aho Wo Am¡a
CÝh| {dídmg hmo J`m {H$ à^w am_ Vmo ^ŠV Ho$ X²dmam {X`m hþAm hbmhb VH$ nr OmE§Jo &
e~ar H$s Anyd© ^pŠV H$mo XoI H$a à^w lram_ ~mob,o e~ar Vmo OJÁOZZr h¡, CgHo$
Xe©Z_mÌ go _¢ nmdZ hmo J`m & Bg gVr H$s JmWm _¢ nhbo go hr OmZVm Wm & OÝ_-MH«$
go D$na Bg na gVr H$s H¥$nm ~Zr hþB© h¡ & _wPo bJVm h¡ Bg ÌoVm`wJ _| e~ar go loð> ^ŠV
H$moB© Zht h¡ & e~ar Zo AnZr Vnñ`m go `§Ì, `k H$s {gX²{Y àmá H$a br h¡ & _oao _V go
""h¡ AÝ` H$m¡Z ÌoVm _|
Omo loð> ^ŠV e~ar go-
ho `§Ì, `k, `h g~ Hw$N>
g~ {gX²Y Bgr e~ar go &''
à^w H$hVo - e~ar H$m d§XZ, A{^Z§XZ H$aVo hþE _¢ H¥$VmW© hþAm & V~ e~ar Zo
H$hm, ho à^w, _¢ AmnH$m jU â ^r {d`moJ Zht gh gH$Vr Am¡a AMmZH$ `moJm{¾ H$s
ÁdmbmE± e~ar Ho$ eara go {ZH$bZo bJr & dh {Xì` VoO go g§nÞ hþB© & YaVr H$s
nwÊèrbm e~ar ñdJ©bmoH$ {gYma JB© & g^r bmoJm| Zo e~ar H$s O`H$a H$s, CgHo$ na_
gVrËd H$mo A{^dmXZ {H$`m & e~ar Vmo H¥$îUH$_b H$s Vah h¡ {Og_| Am`©-J§Y ~gVr
h¡ & _V§J G${f H$mo `h g~ XoI g§Vmof hþAm, Š`m|{H$ e~ar Zo CÜd©Jm_r `mÌm H$a CÞ{V
gmÜ` H$s & eyÐm go epŠV ~ZZm, e~ar Ho$ OrdZ _| g~ Hw$N> g§^d Wm &
Bg Vah e~ar Ho$ H$WmZH$ _| J{V Am¡a à^md H$m g§J_ h¡ &
1.2.2 nmÌ
IÊS>H$mì` à~§YH$mì` H$m EH$ ê$n h¡ AWm©V² IÊS>H$mì` H$WmZH$ go ~§Ym hþAm
hmoVm h¡ & H$WmZH$ {Og na K{Q>V hmoVm h¡, CÝh| nmÌ H$hVo h¢ & OrdZ H$s H$moB© EH$ {deof
KQ>Zm-àg§J Ho$ X²dmam nmÌm| Ho$ JwUm| H$mo àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡, na§Vw _hmH$mì` H$s Vah
g_yMm OrdZ-M[aÌ Zm`H$ H$m àñVwV Z hmoH$a OrdZ H$s à^mdH$ KQ>Zm hr àñVwV hmoVr
h¡ & _hmH$mì` H$m A§e àm`… IÊS>H$mì` hmoVm h¡ & "e~ar' Zm_H$ IÊS>H$mì` lram_M§ÐOr
Ho$ OrdZ H$m EH$ àg§J h¡ Omo am_ Ho$ XrZmZmW ì`pŠVÎd H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ &
e~ar IÊS>H$mì` _| nmÌ h¢ - e~ar, _V§J G${f, e~ar H$m n{V Am¡a à^w
lram_M§ÐOr & n[adoe Ho$ ê$n _| G${f g_mO Am¡a e~a g_mO A§{H$V hþAm h¡ &
e~ar
e~ar e~a Om{V H$s _{hbm h¡ & CgH$m Zm_ "l_Um' h¡ & e~a Om{V dZm| _|
ahZodmbr, Am{X_ AdñWm _| OrZodmbr, ^rbm| H$s EH$ OZOm{V h¡ & Bg Om{V H$m
JwOmam {eH$ma H$a Ho$ hmoVm h¡ & do AnZo ^moOZ _| AÀN>-o ~wao H$m I`mb Zht H$aVo h¢ &
N>mQo >r-N>mQo >r ~pñV`m± ~Zm H$a O§Jb _| ahVo h¡§ & e~ar Ho$ Ka H$m dU©Z H${d Zo {H$`m h¡
{H$, ""_m§g H$s J§Y \¡$br Wr, newAm| H$s Imb CYoS‹ >r Om ahr Wr, IyZ Ho$ aobo ~h aho Wo &''
`h qhgm e~ar Ho$ _Z _| g§gma Ho$ à{V {dV¥îUm â XoVr h¡ & CgHo$ _Z _| I`mb AmVo h¢ &
""l_Um O¡gm Zm_, {H$ÝVw
ahZm Vmo Kmoa ZaH$ _|
~rV OmEJm Š`m `h
gmam OrdZ Bgr ZaH$ _|?&''
gmoM _| ì`mHw$b e~ar {ZU©` boVr h¡, n[adma, Ka H$m _moh Ë`mJ H$a AmJo ~‹T>Zm
hmoJm, V^r Bg XrZ-hrZ, Am{X_, qhgH$ OrdZ go Nw>Q>H$mam {_boJm Am¡a EH$ {XZ O~
gmao ~ÀMo, n{V gmE hþE Wo dh Ka N>mS‹ o >Zo H$m {ZU©` boVr h¡ Am¡a Bg na A_b ^r H$aVr h¡ &
* nånmga nhþM ± Zm
e~ar Zo Ka Ë`mJm Am¡a dh nånmga nhþM± r, nånmga _| _V§J G${f H$m Aml` Wm &
CgZo _V§J G${f Ho$ kmZ, Ü`mZ, Vn, AmamYZm Ho$ ~mao _| gwZm Wm & e~ar Aml_ VH$
nhþM ± r na Cgo Ehgmg hþAm {H$ EH$ e~a Om{V H$s _{hbm Aml_ _| OmH$a G${f Ho$ Xe©Z
H¡$go bo gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a dh gHw$MmH$a XadmOo na hr éH$ JB© & CgHo$ _Z _| VËH$mbrZ
gm_m{OH$ dU©-ì`dñWm H$m S>a Wm Bg{bE CgHo$ H$X_ dht éH$ JE &
* _V§J G${f go _wbmH$mV
e~ar Zo _V§J G${f H$mo gm_Zo XoIm Vmo MaUm| _| {ga Zdm`m & _V§J G${f Zo Cggo
nyN>m , Vw_ H$m¡Z hmo, H$hm± go AmB© hmo? ò gwZH$a e~ar Ho$$ _Z _| ^` CËnÞ hþAm {H$
`{X _¢Zo CÝh| ~Vm {X`m {H$ _¢ {ZåZ dU© H$s ANy>V, e~a Om{V H$s _{hbm h±ÿ Vmo do _wPo
Aml_ _| Zht aI|Jo Am¡a _¢ CÝho§ `h ^r Zht H$h gH$Vr -
"AÜ`mË_ {nnmgm boH$a _¢ Am`r h±y &'
dh H$hZo bJr - ""_¢ e~a Om{V H$s em_m h±ÿ & _oar BÀN>m à^w H$s godm H$aZm
h¡ & _¡Z| o g_mO Ho$ ~§YZ Ed§ n[adma H$mo V¥UdV² Ë`mJ {X`m h¡ &'' _V§J G${f Zo O~m~
{X`m, "EH$ ANy>V Aml_ _| ^bm H¡$go ah gH$Vr h¡?' Bg na e~ar ~o{hMH$ H$hVr h¡ -
Š`m AmË_m H$s CÞ{V Ho$db
h¡ CÀM dJ© VH$ hr gr{_V ?
à^w Vmo h¡ g~Ho$ {nVm, ^bm
CZH$m AmamYZ Š`m| gr{_V ?
`hm± e~ar Ho$ AmoOñdr, àmUdmZ, Am¡a ApñVËddmZ ì`pŠVÎd Ho$ h_| Xe©Z hmoVo
h¡§ & `h AmoOnyU© dmUr gwZ H$a _V§J G${f Mm¢H$ OmVo h¡§ & CÝh| bJVm h¡ {H$ `h H$sM‹S>
H$m H$_b h¡, Yyb-gZm hram h¡ & e~ar _V§J G${f go Jmoembm H$s XoI^mb, g\$mB© H$m
H$m_ AnZm boVr h¡ & do Cgo Jwé_§Ì XoVo h¢ {H$ "à^w Zm_-On, AmamYZm H$aVo ahZm Vwåh|
à^w (h[a) Adí` {_b|Jo &' Jwê$daXmZ nm H$a e~ar C„m{gV Am¡a h{f©V hmoVr h¡ &
* e~ar H$s Jmoembm godm
e~ar Jmoembm nhþM ± r, dhm± H$s g^r Jm`m| Ho$ Zm_ CgZo OmZ {bE & Ym¡bm,
H${nbm, í`m_m JmE± VWm ~N>S‹ >§o e~ar H$mo XoIVo hr JX©Z {hbmZo bJo, nwH$maZo bJo &
~N>S‹ >m§| Zo CN>bHy$X Ama§^ H$s & Eogm bJm BZ newAm| H$mo H$moB© AnZm CÝh| {_b J`m hmo &
* godm hr Vnñ`m
e~ar Zo AnZr Vnñ`m àma§^ H$a Xr & CgH$s Vnñ`m, Aml_ H$s godm, Jmo-godm
hr Wr & H$_© H$aVr Am¡a _±hw go {Za§Va h[aZm_ OnVr & CgZo g§`{_V OrdZ àma§^ {H$`m &
~«÷dobm _| CR> OmVr, nyOm Ho$ {bE nwîn MwZVr, ZhmVr, Ü`mZ H$aVr, gy`m}X` go nhbo
hr Jmoembm nhþM ± OmVr & Jm`m| H$mo Mmam-nmZr XoVr, XÿY XÿhVr, Jmo~a go {bnVr & Aml_
H$s g\$mB© H$aVr, Hy$Q>Zm-nrgZm Am{X H$m_ H$aVr & {XZ T‹ >b OmVm & _V§J G${f H$m
àdMZ gwZVr, Aml_ _| Xrn bJ OmZo na AnZr Hw${Q>`m _| OmVr & à^w Ho$ gm_Zo H$sV©Z
H$aVr, ~mV| H$aVr, amV H$~ ~rV OmVr nVm hr Zht MbVm & Am{X_ e~ar VnpñdZr,
^pŠVZ Am¡a à^w g_{n©Vm Xodr ~Z JB© & e~ar Aml_ H$s A{^^mdH$ ~Z JB© Wr &
G${fda CgH$m Zm_ CXmhaU ñdê$n boZo bJo & dh EH$ AmXe© Zmar ~Z JB© &
* gm_m{OH$ H«$moY go gm_Zm
e~ar H$m gå_mZ bmoJm| go XoIm Zht J`m & Aml_dmgr drVamJr hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX
CZHo$ _Z _| loð>Vm H$m ^md Wm & A^r-A^r AmB© hþB© Am{Xdmgr e~ar _V§J G${f H$m
EH$ loð> CXmhaU ~Z JB© h¡ `h XoI CZHo$ _Z _| B©î`m© OmJr & CÝh| bJm {H$ `h G${f
H$s CÀN¥>I § bVm h¡ & gm_m{OH$ _`m©Xm Zht ahr Vmo g_mO Qy>Q>-{~Ia OmEJm & e~ar eyÐ
hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX nånmga _| ñZmZ H$aVr h¡ & gm{dÌr, AZwg`y m Ho$ g_H$j e~ar hmo JB©
h¡ Bg{bE G${f e~ar H$mo MwZo `m AnZm Aml_ g_mO Zo G${f H$mo Am¡a e~ar H$mo dhm±
go {ZH$mb {X`m Am¡a G${f H$m Aml_ Obm {X`m &
e~ar Zo {hå_V Zht hmar & CgH$s Vnñ`m {Za§Va MbVr ahr & _V§J G${f Zo àgÞ
hmoH$a Cgo `moJ H$s {ejm Xr, Xe©Z-^pŠV {gIm`m & CgHo$ ì`pŠVÎd H$mo EH$ AmH$ma
{X`m & e~ar H$m ì`pŠVÎd Am_ybmJ« ~Xb J`m &
""hþB© Jwé-H¥$nm Am¡a ~Zr
A~ AÞnyUm© e~ar

à^w H$s Vwbgr H$ÊR>r Wt
Vmo `moJ-A{¾ ^r e~ar &''
* A§{V_ narjm
e~ar H$mo EH$ Am¡a narjm XoZm ~mH$s Wm & Aml_dm{g`m| Zo e~ar Ho$ n{V H$s
ImoO H$s, Cgo CH$gm`m & e~ar Ho$ n{V H$mo bJm {H$ Bg ñÌr Zo _oar ZmH$ H$mQ>r, _¢ ~Xbm
byJ§ m & G${f`m| Zo CgH$s CÎmoOZm H$mo em§V {H$`m Am¡a gbmh Xr {H$ e~ar H$s Hw${Q>`m
{ZO©Z ñWmZ na h¡ & AmYr amV _| OmZm, AmO A_mdg H$s amV h¡, Cgo ~m±Y H$a A§Yao
_| MwnMmn bo OmZm & _V§J G${f H$mo nVm Zht MbZm Mm{hE, AÝ`Wm do Vwåh| emn go
^ñ_ H$a X|Jo &' e~ar H$m n{V Am¡a CgH$m gmWr KZo A§Yao o _| Hw${Q>`m VH$ nhþM± ,o XadmOm
YHo$b H$a Imobm, e~ar nyOm _| brZ Wr & Am±Io§ _y±Xr hþB© Wr & `hr Adga C{MV h¡ `h
XoI do AmJo ~‹T>o & AMmZH$ e~ar Ho$ Mmam| Amoa AmJ H$s bnQ>o§ CR>r§ & bmoJ PwbgZo bJo,
{M„mZo bJo & emoaJwb gwZ H$a G${f AmE & G${f Zo nyN>m, BVZr amV JE, {H$g Xþï> à`moOZ
go Vw_ AmE hmo?'' em~a bmoJm| Zo j_m _m§Jr, do MaUm| _| {Jao, G${f H$mo CÝhm|Zo gmar ~mV
~VmB© & gwZ H$a CÝho§ XþI hþAm & e~ar H$mo Am¡a {H$VZo H$ï> PobZo hm|Jo `h {dMma CZHo$
_Z _| Am`m & CÝhm|Zo CXma öX` go g~H$mo j_m {H$`m & BVZm g~ Hw$N> hþAm na e~ar
H$mo Bg ~mV H$m Hw$N> ^r nVm Zht Mbm & e~ar H$m VoO Am¡a {ZIa Am`m &
* am_ ê$nr bú` àmá
grVm H$s ImoO _| am_ Ky_Vo-Ky_Vo nånmga AmE & CZHo$ gmW bú_U ^r Wo &
XmoZm| _V§J G${f Ho$ Aml_ _| AmE Am¡a G${f H$mo àUm_ {H$`m & à^w Zo bmoJm| H$mo H$hm,
AmnZo Bg Vah H$m àdmX Š`m| \¡$bm`m h¡? _V§J O¡gm G${f Mm¡Xh ^wdZm| _| Zht h¡ & _¢Zo
e~ar Ho$ ~mao _| g~ Hw$N> gwZm h¡ & CgH$s Vnñ`m na gånyU© Am`m©dV© Jm¡ad H$m AZw^d
H$a ahm h¡ & e~ar A§ËÒ h¡ Vmo Š`m hþAm? dh eyÐ Z hmoH$a epŠVê$n h¡ & _¢ Vmo CÝh|
{_bZo Ho$ {bE Am`m h±y & BVZo _| g\o$X dñÌ nhZo e~ar dhm± Am nhþ±Mr & à^w H$mo ^|Q>
XoZo Ho$ {bE O§Jb go ~oa ~rZ bmB© Wr & e~ar Ho$ _Z _| CYoS>~wZ _M JB© {H$ à^w go _¢
Š`m H$hÿ± ? CZH$m Am{VÏ` _¢ H¡$go H$é±? ~oa `{X IQ²>Q>o {ZH$bo Vmo à^w H$m ñdmX Iam~
hmo OmEJm Bg{bE ~oa H$mo MI-MI H$a am_ H$mo XoVr JB© & am_ Zo CÝh| ào_^md go Im`m &
am_ Zo OZVm H$mo H$hm, e~ar Vmo OJV² _mVm h¡, _¢ BZgo {_b H$a H¥$VmW© hþAm -
""_¢ Vmo Am`m h±ÿ Ho$db
H$aZo O`H$ma gVr H$m
_¢ hÿ-± H¥$VmW© nmH$a `h
ñdmJV gËH$ma gVr H$m &''
e~ar Zo à^w go Ho$db BVZm hr H$hm, _¢ A~ jU â ^r {d`moJ gh Zht gH$Vr
Am¡a CgZo `moJ A{¾ _| AnZo AmnH$mo A{n©V H$a {X`m &

"e~ar' nmÌ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go H${d Zaoe _ohVm Zo ZmJa AWm©V² Am`© Ed§ dZm§Mb H$s
g§ñH¥${V Ho$ A§Va H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ & Am{X_ Om{V _| qhgm H$s d¥{Îm, gm_m{OH$
{df_Vm, dU© ì`dñWm, dU© H$mo OÝ_ Ho$ AmYma na loð> _mZZm Am{X ~mVm| H$mo CX²Km{Q>V
H$a {gÕ {H$`m h¡ {H$ _Zwî` OÝ_ go D±$M-ZrM Z hmoH$a H$_© go AmXaUr`, gå_mZZr`
~Z OmVm h¡ & H${d `h ~VmVo h¡§ {H$ Mmho ì`pŠV A§ËÒ hmo, bo{H$Z H$_m] go loð> hmo gH$Vm
h¡ & e~ar Zm_H$ _w»` nmÌ Ho$ X²dmam H${d Xem©Vo h§¡ {H$ dh dU©, dJ©, g_mO Am¡a `wJ
go gdm}n[a h¡ &
_V§J G${f
"e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` _| e~ar Ho$ Jwé Ho$ ê$n _| _V§J G${f AmVo h¢ & e~ar Ho$
ì`pŠVÎd H$m {ZIma CÝhm|Zo {H$`m & gm_m{OH$ AdhobZm, {dÐmoh ghH$a AnZr {eî`m
e~ar H$mo ^JdV² kmZ H$s Xrjm Xr &
_V§J G${f H$m n[aM` ~«h_² mÊS> nwamU _| {_bVm h¡ & BZH$m Aml_ G$î`_wI nd©V
Ho$ {ZH$Q> Wm & am_ Am¡a bú_U grVm H$s ImoO H$aVo hþE `hm± nhþM ± Wo &
EH$ ~ma ~m{b Am¡a XþX§ {^ amjg Ho$ ~rM `wXY² hþAm Am¡a amjg Ho$ IyZ H$s Hw$N>
~±Xy | Vnñ`m _| brZ _V§J G${f na n‹S> JB© & CÝh| Jwñgm Am`m & CÝhm|Zo ~m{b H$mo emn
Xo {X`m {H$ G$î`_wI nd©V na n¡a aIVo hr dh _a OmEJm & \$bñdê$n ~m{b H$m ^mB©
gwJr« d CgHo$ S>a go G$î`_wI nd©V na hZw_mZOr Ho$ gmW ahZo bJm & am_mÙ Ho$ AZwgma
e~ar Zo lram_M§ÐOr H$mo G$î`_wI nd©V na OmH$a gwJr« d go _¡Ìr H$s ~mV H$hr {Oggo
grVm H$m nVm bJmZo _| AmgmZr hmo &
e~ar H$mo AnZo gm§gm[aH$ n[adoe go {dV¥îUm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a dh AnZo CËWmZ hoVw
Ka N>mS‹o >Zo H$m {ZU©` boH$a nånmga _| pñWV _V§J G${f Ho$ Aml` _| OmVr h¡ & dhm±
XadmOo na I‹S>r ahVr h¡ & em§{V nmR> hmo OmZo na _V§J G${f O~ ~mha {ZH$bVo h¡ Vmo
XadmOo na e~ar H$mo XoI H$a gHw$MmVo h¡§ & e~ar CZHo$ MaUm| _| ere PwH$mVr h¡ & do
e~ar go gmar ~mV| OmZVo h¢, e~ar H$hVr h¡ - ""_¢ e~a Om{V H$s em_m h±ÿ Am¡a à^w godm
H$aZo AmB© h±ÿ &''
_V§J G${f H$mo bJVm h¡ {H$ G${f g_mO H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ MbVo EH$ {ZåZ Om{V
H$s, Ka go ^mJr hþB,© ñÌr H$mo Aml_dmgr ^bm H¡$go ñdrH$ma H$a|J?o e~ar H$s AmoOnyU©
dmUr go G${f H$mo bJVm h¡, {H$ `h H$moB© _m_ybr ñÌr Zht h¡§ Omo ANy>V, dZMa hmoZo na
^r à^wgodm H$s ~mV H$a ahr h¡, Bg{bE H$hVo h¡ -
""~mobo _V§J - ~oQ>r e~ar!
`{X A§ËÒ Vy, Vmo H$m¡Z loð>?
VwP_| Vmo à^w hr ~mob aho
{Zü` hmoJr Vy ^ŠVloð> &''

G${f Zo e~ar H$mo Jmoembm gm¢nr Am¡a Zm_On H$s Xrjm Xr & e~ar bJZ go,
g§`{_V OrdZ ì`VrV H$aVr Wr H$maU Jwé H$m AmXoe Am¡a CnXoe Eogm hr Wm & e~ar
Zo Jwé H$s Bg Amkm H$m eãXe… nmbZ {H$`m, Cg na JwéH¥$nm hwB© & Aml_ Ho$ OrdZ go
dh VX²ê$n hwB,© bo{H$Z bmoJm| go e~ar H$m `h CËH$f© ghm Zht J`m & do Vah-Vah H$s
~mV| ~ZmZo bJo & G${f Zo CZH$s Amoa Ü`mZ Zht {X`m &
""Ho$db _mV§J Wo Omo Bg !
e~ar-ñdê$n go n[a{MV,>
Bg XrZ-hrZ í`m_m Ho$
Wo _hm^md go h{f©V &''
_V§J G${f Ho$ gmW bmoJm| H$m ì`dhma ~Xb J`m & Aml_ OrdZ`mnZ H$aZodmbm|
H$mo bJm {H$ Aml_ _| eyÐm aI H$a G${f AZmMma H$a aho h¢, Bg{bE CÝhm|Zo _V§J G${f
H$m ~{hîH$ma H$aZo H$m {ZU©` {b`m VWm XmoZm| H$mo {ZîH$m{gV H$a {X`m & BVZm hr Zht,
Vmo G${f H$s Hw${Q>`m ^r Obm Xr, na§Vw _V§J G${f Zo hma Zht _mZr & gamoda Ho$ nmg Hw${Q>`m
~ZmB©, nydd© V² AnZr {XZM`m© Omar H$s Am¡a e~ar H$mo `moJ^pŠV _| {ZnwU ~Zm`m & Jwê$
H$s H¥$nm Ho$ H$maU e~ar à^w H$s VwbgrH$ÊR>r ~Zr & e~ar H$mo am_Or go {_bm {X`m &
am_ Zo ^r Cgo OJV²OZZr Ho$ ê$n _| ñdrH$ma {H$`m VWm CgH$m CX²Yma {H$`m &
e~ar IÊS>H$mì` _| _V§J G${f AmXe© Jwé Ho$ ê$n _| CnpñWV hmoVo h¡§ & do {eî` Ho$
nmaIr h§¡ & {eî` Ho$ Xmof {ZH$mb H$a Cgo bú` VH$ nhþ±MmZo _| nyar _| ghm`Vm H$aZodmbo
h¢ & gË` H$m nj A{‹S>JVm Ho$ gmW do boVo h¡, bmoJ àdmX go {~Zm S>ao CÝhm|Zo `h H$m`©
{H$`m & Bgr H$maU à^w am_ Zo CÝh| Mm¡Xh^wdZ _| gd©loð> kmZr Ho$ ê$n _| gamhm h¡ &
lram_
Zaoe _ohVm X²dmam a{MV "e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` H$m H$WmZH$ am_mÙ H$m àmg§{JH$
H$WmZH$ h¡ & am_mÙ _| AÝ` gmYmaU nmÌ AnZr à`wpŠV Ho$ ~mX aMZm Ho$ J{Verb \$bH$
na {dbrZ hmo OmVo h¢ & am_ H$s JmWm H$mo ^ì`Vm àXmZ H$aVo h¢ & bo{H$Z e~ar EH$ Eogm
nmÌ h¡ {OgH$s gmYZm H$s Ma_ AdñWm lram_ h¡ Am¡a "lram_' Ho$ {bE dh EH$ AmXe© gVr,
OJV² _mVm, VnñdrZr Am¡a ^pŠV H$s namH$mð>m h¡ &
grVmhaU Ho$ ~mX lram_ CZH$s ImoO Ho$ {bE dZ _| ^Q>H$ aho Wo & e~ar Ho$ Jwê$
{ÌH$mbXeu _V§J G${f OmZ JE Wo {H$ na~«÷ ^JdmZ XeaWZ§XZ am_ Ho$ én _| _Zwî`ê$n
_| YaVr na AdV[aV hþE h¡§ & H¡$Ho$`r Ho$ H$maU CZH$m dZJ_Z hþAm & dZ _| amdU X²dmam
grVmOr H$m AnhaU hþAm Am¡a A~ do ImoOVo-ImoOVo {H$pîH¨$Ym H$o dZ _| Am JE h¡§ &
e~ar H$mo A~ Adí` hr am_ H$s àm{á hmoJr &
`h àg§J àñVwV IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ "Xe©Z' gJ© _| Am`m h¡ & à^w am_ e~ar H$mo Xe©Z
XoZo AmE h¢ Am¡a e~ar H$mo OrdZ H$m A~ gdm}ÀM bú` àmá hmoJm -
""`wdamO - `m {H$ ajH$ H$m
hr Wm ñdê$n OZ-_Z _§o &
Wo A{V hr AmkmH$mar
Omo ^Q>H$ aho Wo dZ _| &''
à^w am_ Am¡a bú_U g§Ü`mg_` _V§J G${f Ho$ Aml_ _| nhþM ± OmVo h§¡ & bmoJm|
H$m H$mobmhb gwZ G${f Aml_ Ho$ ~mha AmVo h¢ & CÝh|§ í`m_-ídoV H$s OmoS‹ >r (am_-
bú_U) {XImB© XoVr h¡ & XmoZm| G${f Ho$ MaUñne© H$aVo h¢ & G${f Amerdm©X XoH$a CÝh|
^rVa bmVo h¢ & Hw$eb jo_ hmo OmZo Ho$ ~mX am_ AnZr Yra-J§^ra dmUr _| H$hVo h¢ {H$
_¢ O~ nånmga nhþM ± m Vmo _¢Zo XoIm {H$ G${fda H$m Aml_ gyZm Wm & nyN>VmN> H$s & bmoJm|
go e~ar Ho$ g§X^© _| {_Ï`m àdmX H$mo gwZH$a XþI hþAm & _V§J G${f Vmo ñd`§ Y_©ñdê$n
h§¡, CZgo _`m©Xm H¡$gr Qy>Q> gH$Vr h¡ ? do Vmo Eogo Vnñ`m-nmag ì`pŠVÎd h§¡ {H$ ñne© _mÌ
go gmoZm H$a XoVo h¢ Am¡a e~ar Vmo CZH$s gd©lðo > {eî`m h¡, ^pŠVZ h¡, {edepŠVê$nm h¡ &
AH$b§H$ Vnñ`m d«V ídoV dgZm e~ar dhm± AmVr h¡ & nyOZ-AM©Z Ho$ {bE
O§Jbr ~oa {bE hþE h¡ & am_-bú_U H$mo XoI dh JX²JX² hmo OmVr h¡ & í`m_dU© lram_
H$mo dh nhMmZ boVr h¡ -
""dh g_P JB© `h à^w h¡
Amò H¥$VmW© H$aZo H$mo, &
h¡ `hr am_-bú_U Omo
Amò Xe©Z XoZo H$mo &''
e~ar gmoMZo bJr, _oao à^w Zo _wP na _hmH¥$nm H$s h¡ & do _oao {bE XþJ©_ AaÊ`
H$mo nma H$a {~Zm I‹S>mD$ Ho$, Iwbo nm±d Mb H$a _wP O¡gr eyÐm Ho$ Ka AmE h¢ & gHw$Mm
H$a dh gmoMVr h¡, à^w H$mo H$hm±, H¡$go {~R>mE? Š`m {IbmE? {H$Z _§Ìm| go àmW©Zm H$a| ?
Š`m à^w _oao dZ\y$bm| H$s _mbm H$mo ñdrH$ma H$a|Jo ? do Vmo Ì¡bmoŠ` n{V h¡ & ^bm _¢ Š`m
namog±y ? _Z hr _Z e~ar AnZo à^w go _wpŠV _m§J° Vr h¡ Am¡a MaUH$_bm| _| ñWm`r ñWmZ
H$s AmH$m§jm H$aVr h¡ Am¡a à^w Ho$ MaUm| _| PwH$ OmVr h¡, Am±gA w m| go CZHo$ MaU YmoVr
h¡ &
à^w am_ gËda e~ar H$mo CR>m H$a AmXa go AmgZ na {~R>mVo h¡§ Am¡a _m§J° Vo h¢,
""Š`m Z {_boJm nyOm-àgmX Bg OZ H$mo?'' `h O§Jbr ~oa {XI aho h¢, `hr Xo Xmo & e~ar
bOm ahr Wr, ò H$‹S>do-_rR>o ~oa H¡$g ^bm X±ÿ, Bg{bE dh ñd`§ BZ ~oam| H$mo MI H$a _rR>o
~oa CÝh| XoVr h¢ O¡go H$moB© _m± AnZo ~oQ>o H$mo {IbmVr h¡, R>oR> Bgr ^md go à^w ^r CZ OyR>o
~oam| H$mo ghOVm go Im boVo h¢ & bú_U e~ar H$m `h ào_ XoI H$a AdmH²$ hmo OmVo h¡§ & am_
H$mo XoI H$a do M{H$V ah OmVo h¢ &
VËnümV² am_ bmoJm| Ho$ gm_Zo Kmo{fV H$aVo h¢ {H$ ""e~ar Vmo OJV²ÁOZZr h¡ & _§Ì
Am¡a `k g~ Hw$N> e~ar hr h¡ & Bg ÌoVm`wJ _| e~ar go ~‹T> H$a AÝ` H$moB© loð> ^ŠV
Zht h¡ & gVr H$m ñdmJV-gËH$ma nm H$a _¢ H¥$VmW© hþAm & '' am_ Ho$ BZ dMZm| go e~ar
JX²JX² hmoH$a {ZdXoZ H$aVr h¡, ""A~ AmnH$m {d`moJ jUâ ^r ghm Zht OmVm'' Am¡a
AnZo ì`pŠVÎd H$mo am__` ~Zm boVr h¡ &
am_ e~ar H$s ^pŠV H$mo AW©dÎmm àXmZ H$aVo h¢ & e~ar Ho$ ñZoh-__Vm H$mo
ñdrH$maVo h¢ & bmoJm| Ho$ gm_Zo na_ ^ŠV H$m AmXe© CnpñWV H$a Y_© Am¡a dU© H$s PyR>r
_`m©XmE±, ImoIbonZ H$mo ZH$maH$a dmñV{dH$Vm go bmoJm| H$mo n[a{MV H$amVo h¢ & `hm± na
am_ e~ar_` h¢ Am¡a e~ar am__` h¡ & Bgr AX²dV¡ H$mo Zaoe _ohVm Zo _m{_©H$ T>J§ go
àñVwV {H$`m h¡ &
Jm¡U nmÌm| _§o§ e~ar H$o n{V Am¡a CgHo$ gmWr VWm Aml_ g_mO H$m C„oI {H$`m Om
gH$Vm h¡ &
1.2.3 n[adoe
Zaoe _ohVm X²dmam a{MV IÊS>H$mì` "e~ar' Ho$ H$WmZH$ H$m n[adoe àH¥${V h¡ Omo
Zm{`H$m "e~ar' H$s dZOm{V go g§~{§ YV h¡ & dZm| _| {Zdmg H$aZodmbr `h Om{V, {Ogo
Am{X_ Am¡a dZMa H$hVo h¢ & _V§J G${f H$m Aml_ ^r dZ _| hr h¡ & Bg{bE àH¥${V
n[adoe ê$n _| ñd`§_do Am JB© h¡ & e~ar Ho$ AmamÜ` à^w am_ ^r dZdmg _| h§¡ & grVm
H$mo ImoOVo hþE do nånmga Zm_H$ àmH¥${VH$ ñWb na AmVo h¢ Ohm± e~ar ahVr h¡ &
_Zwî` Ho$ ^mdm| H$m àH¥${V go {ZH$Q> H$m [aíVm h¡ & àH¥${V go Xÿa eham| _| ahZo dmbo
^r nwZ… VmOJr àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE àH¥${V H$s eaU _| hr OmVo h¢ & àH¥${V _mZd _Z _| ^mdm|
Ho$ CÔrnZ H$m H$m_ H$aVr h¡ Am¡a _Zwî` Ho$ ^mdm| H$s A{^ì`pŠV H${dVm H$aVr h¡ & Bg{bE
H${dVm Am¡a àH¥${V H$m ZmVm AQy>Q> h¡ &
Zaoe _ohVmX²dmam {H$`m J`m àH¥${V H$m A§H$Z A{Ve` g_¥XY² h¡ & H${d H$s
à{V^m, ^mdwH$Vm Am¡a _mZdrH$aU H$s AX²^Vw j_Vm go AmoV-àmoV àH¥${V {MÌ h¢ &
Zaoe _ohVm "ÌoVm' Zm_H$ gJ© _| _hÎdnyU© ~mV ~VmVo h¡§ {H$ ""[d§Ü` Am¡a {h_mb`
Ho$ _Ü` `{X J§Jm Z hmoVr Vmo, Z ^maV Xoe hmoVm Z ^maVr` g§ñH¥${V hmoVr & ^maV H$m
CÎmar _¡XmZr àXoe Am`m] H$s ~ñVr Wm & qdÜ` H$s nhm{S>`m| _| AWm©V² _Ü` ^maV _|
Am{Xdmgr dZ Om{V`m± (H$mob-H$samV) ahVr Wr, Vmo X{jU _| Ð{dS> ahVo Wo & nydu joÌ
_| AéUmMb àXoe h¡ &''
Am_«-Hw$§ O, Johy± JÝZm| H$m
CnOmD$ _¡XmZ gwhmZm,
G${f`m| Ho$ do nmdZ Aml_
ZXr-KmQ> Ho$ VraW ZmZm &
e~ar O~ AnZm Ka N>mS‹o > H$a ~mha {ZH$bVr h¡ Vmo CgHo$ gmW àH¥${V hr hmoVr
h¡ & AmH$me _| bmb-a§J H$m _§Jb Am¡a AmH$meJ§Jm Eogr bJVr Wr {H$ g~ gmoE h¢,
Ho$db H$mbnwéf OmJ ahm h¡ & _§X hdm ~h ahr Wr , H¥$îUnj H$m A§{Y`mam Wm, noS‹ >
hm¡bo-hm¡bo {hb aho Wo & Bg {ZO©Z n[adoe _| Ho$db Zmbo H$m eãX hr J±yO ahm Wm &
e~ar nånmga nhþM §° Vr h¡ & "nånmga' joÌ gmb Am¡a gmJmoZ (gmJdmZ) Ho$ noS‹ >m|
go âm h¡ & àmV…H$mb hmo J`m & Am±JZ _| {haZm| Ho$ Iya Ho$ {ZemZ {XImB© Xo aho Wo & Am_
H$s S>mbr na VmoVo MhH$ aho Wo & haqgJma, Månm, H$Zoa, H$Xbr, H$_b {Ibo hþE Wo &
BVZm _Zmohmar Ñí` XoIH$a e~ar nwb{H$V hmo JB© -
""Wr {demb {H$VZr har{V_m,
emo{^V Wt nJdmQ>,o
Wm {damQ> dQ>-d¥j I‹S>m
\¡$bmE d¥Õ OQ>mE± &''
e~ar H$mo na_mË_m H$m Ehgmg ^r àH¥${V Ho$ _mÜ`_ go hr hmoVm h¡ & na_mË_m H$m
Ehgmg gwJY§ -n[a_b, _b` ~`m _| AZw^Vy hmoVm h¡ -
H$moB© Vmo hmoJm Z^ _|
Ob _|, Wb _| `m h_ _|§,
Omo J§Y g_raU ~Z H$a
h¡ Ky_ ahm H$U-H$U _| &
e~ar H$mo AZw^d hmoVm h¡ {H$ à^w Ho$ {damQ> ñdê$n-gm `h Z^ h¡& Z^ go
~agZodmbr Amog ~y±X| AmZ§X ñdê$nm h§¡ &
e~ar H$mo AnZr bKwVm H$m ~moY ^r àmH¥${VH$ Cn_mZm| go hr hmoVm h¡, dh H$hVr h¡ -
""Voar {demb aMZm _|
_¢ Kmg-nmV hr Ho$db''
e~ar Vnñ`m go {ZIa OmVr h¡ & CgHo$ ì`pŠVËd _| Am^m M_H$Zo bJVr h¡ &
àmH¥${VH$ Cn_mZm| Ho$ à`moJ go Zaoe _ohVm Zo {bIm h¡ -
""Z^ H$m n{dÌ ZrbmnZ
Wm CgHo$ í`m_ ~aZ _|,
M§XZ gwJ§Y Wr CgHo$
Cg gmpËdH$ ^mobonZ _| &''
à^w lram_M§ÐOr _V§J G${f Ho$ Aml_ _o AmVo h¡ & e~ar CÝh| XoIVr h¡ Vmo Cgo Eogm
bJVm h¡ -
""na A~ Vmo gmJa IwX hr
Am`m Wm Mb H$a Ûmao,
Wr H$~ H$s `h AmH$m§jm
Z{X`m H$mo qgYw nwH$mao &''
àH¥${V e~ar Ho$ hr Zht Vmo h_mao OrdZ H$m ^r AQy>Q> {hñgm h¡ & gV`wJ H$m g_mO
dZ-AaÊ` Am¡a J«m_ gä`Vm H$m g_mO h¡ & nm¡am{UH$ _mÝ`Vm Ho$ AZwgma gV`wJ _| nmn
H$s, emofU H$s, D±$M- ZrM H$s H$moB© ~mV hr Zht Wr, g^r nwÊ`dmZ Wo & bo{H$Z gË``wJ
Ho$ ~mX AmE ÌoVm go bmoJm| Zo ZmJa gä`Vm {dH${gV H$s & dZ H$mQ>o JE, amñVo ~ZmE JE,
H$ñ~o, ZJa ~gm H$a amÁ` Am¡a OZnX Zo OÝ_ {b`m & gya-Agwa Am`©-AZm`©, {eï>-
J«m_rU H$m ôX ~‹T>m & Bggo O§Jbm| H$m {dZme Am¡a ZB© g§ñH¥${V H$m AmJ_Z hþAm Bg{bE
àH¥${V H$s ajm H$aZm, n`m©daU H$mo ~ZmE aIZm h_mam nwZrV H$V©ì` h¡, Y_© h¡, Zaoe
_ohVm Bg Amoa h_mam Ü`mZ AmH¥$ï> H$aVo h¢ &
1.2.4 ^mfm-{eën
H${d H$s g~go ~‹S>r H$gm¡Q>r H${dVm _| à`wŠV ^mfm h¡ & ^mfm A{^ì`pŠV H$r
àmUepŠV h¡ & H${d ^mfm Ho$ à{V H$m\$s gOJ Am¡a {Zð>mdmZ hmoVm h¡ & H${d H$r ^mfm
_| àofUr`Vm Ho$ gmW-gmW gwX§ a Ed§ à^mdH$ j_Vm ^r hmoVr h¡ &
Zaoe _ohVm ^mfm Ho$ {df` _| EH$ aMZm H$s ^y{_H$m _| {bIVo h¢ -
-- ""eãX _| {Z[hV AW© Am¡a g§ñH$ma H$mo O~ VH$ H$mì` OmJ¥V Zht H$aVm, V~ VH$
dh ^mfm AWdm eãX H$s D$nar gVh na hr Q>H$amVm ahoJm & .... H$mì` Am¡a eãX
AW©OÝ_ hmoZo na ^r Z dh eãX h¡ Z AW© &'' AWm©V² H$mì` _| à`wŠV AW© `wŠV eãXm|
Ho$ _hÎd na àH$me S>mbm J`m h¡ &
eãX{dYmZ H$mo VrZ ^mJm| _| ~m°Q§ >m OmVm h¡ - VËg_, VX²^d Am¡a {dXoer &
"e~ar' _| BZ VrZm§o àH$ma Ho$ eãX {_bVo h¢ -
* VËg_ eãX …- VËg_ eãX g§ñH¥$V Ho$ eãXm| H$mo H$hVo h¢ & e~ar IÊS>H$mì`
_| BZH$s A{YH$Vm h§¡ & gJm] Ho$ Zm_ VËg_ hr h¡§ & O¡g-o ÌoVm. nånmga, Vnñ`m, narjm,
Xe©Z & BZHo$ Abmdm - AaÊ`, J«m_, G${f, qgYy, g§{hVm, ajH$ , njr, à^w, l_Um,
aŠV, AY©am{Ì, _¥JemdH$, {Xì`, d¥j, A§ËÒ, g§Ü`m, àm`…, à~§Y, nmÌ, à^md,
àmH¥$VOZ, A§YH$ma, ñdê$n, à`moOZ, AmZ§X, Alw, _§Ì, àgmX {ZdoXZ, Y[aÌr, [ZíN>b,
dÝXZ, IJ, X²dma, {ZîH$m{gV Am{X. &
* VX²^d eãX …- `h g§ñH¥$V go CËnÞ hmoVo h¢ & O¡go - Kmg, Ka, IoV,
VraW,OJZm, hS²>S>r, nJdmQ>, ANy>V, JbK§Q>r, Ym¡br, N>mOZ, XÿY, _maJ, Hw${Q>`m, dgZ,
YaVr, gyaO, Am±g,y gm±n, qgJ Am{X &
* {dXoer …- AÝ` Xoe H$s ^mfmAm| Ho$ eãX, {deofH$a Aa~r, \$magr Ho$ eãX, O¡go
- _m_ybr, IyZ, IwX, ~yMS‹ >ImZm, H$X_, Am>\µ $V, I‹ ~a, {ZJamZr, VbH$ Am{X &

* XoeO …- `h R>Ro > ^maVr` ^mfmAm| Ho$ eãX h¢ -H$g~m, I[bhmZ, b§JmoQ>r, KmQ>,
Kmoa, gwbJZm, ~rZZm, {~MH$mZm, JwnMwn, PmS>, nmoIa Am{X &
* {deofU Ed§ `w½_ eãX …- aŠV-bH$sa|, AmË_-hZZ, Hw$b-Hw$Qw>~§ , n[adma-_moh,
Vn-AmamYZm, {Okmgm-dmUr, AÜ`mË_-{nnmgm, nX-nX²_, new-e~ar, _wñH$mZ-
Hw${Q>bVm, H${nbm-VZ, M§XZ-J§Yr, `moJ-A{¾, ^pŠV-`moJ, Hw$eb-jo_ Am{X &
* {~å~Y_u eãX …- _b_b, H$ån-H$ån, _§Xma nwîn, Am_«-Hw$§OZ, CÁÁdb-nX-nX²_
Am{X &
Bg àH$ma {d{dY eãXm| Ho$ à`moJ go ^mfm gw~moY, gag, à^mdnyU© ~Zr h¡ &
* _whmdamo H$m à`moJ …- S>a na gm±n bmoQ>Zm, ZmH$ H$Q>Zm, {ga_m¡a hmoZm, AnZo _| hr
ahZm, V¥UdV² Ë`mJZm, H$sM‹S> _| H$_b {IbZm, VmH$$-Pm±H$ H$aZm Am{X &
* Ab§H$ma …- Ab§H$mam| go ^md à^mdH$ hmoVo h¢ - gåàofUr` hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {MÌê$n
~ZVo h¢ & Ab§H$ma dmUr Ho$ Am^yfU h§¡ & "e~ar' _| eãXmb§H$ma Am¡a à^mdH$ AW©ì`§OZm
Ho$ {bE AWm©bH§ $mamo§ H$m à`moJ {H$`m go Jo`Vm {Z_m©U hþB© h¡ - CXm.
* AZwàmg …- YZYaZr go Xÿa Zht Wr & (Z H$s Amd¥{Îm)
* bmQ>mZwàmgmg …- nVm Zht {H$g gmYyZ,o
`h Zm_ {X`m Wm l_Um
^bm e~a b‹S>H$s H$m hmoVm
Zm_ H$^r ^r l_Um &
nhbo "l_Um' H$m AW© - Ho$db Zm_ h¡ , Xÿgao "l_Um' H$m AW© h¡ gmÜdr &
* N>Ho $mZwàmg …- G${f Ho$ CÁÁdb nX-nX²_m| na &
* CËn«Ëo jm Ab§H$ma …- XoIm, gå_wI ^ì` ì`pŠV Wm
_mZm Vn hr Am`m&
* àíZmb§H$ma …- nyN>m G${f Zo - Vw_ H$m¡Z?
H$m¡Z hmo? Am¡a H$hm± go AmB©
* ê$nH$ Ab§H$ma …- {Ja n‹S>r Jwé nX-nX²_m| na
* Cn_m Ab§H$ma …- Voar {demb aMZm _|
_¢ Kmg-nmV hr Ho$db &
CnamoŠV {ddoMZ go ñnï> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ^mfm VWm e¡pënH$ CnH$aU {~å~, _whmdao,
Ab§H$ma Ho$ à`moJ go e~ar H$mì` J{Verb, à^mdH$, _m{_©H$ Am¡a gwX§ a ~Z J`m h¡ &
1.2.5 CÔoí`
am_mÙ H$s nm¡am{UH$ am_H$Wm go OwS‹ >r "e~ar' H$s H$Wm H$mo AmYma ~Zm`m h¡ & kmZnrR>
nwañH$ma àmá H${dda Zaoe _ohVm Zo "e~ar' Zm_H$ IÊS>H$mì` {bIm& ñd`§ H${d ^y{_H$m
_| {bIVo h¢, ""e~ar IÊS>H$mì` H$r aMZm gmoÔío ` hþB© h¡ & `h H$Wm _w»`V… {ZåZ dJ©
H$s EH$ gm_mÝ` ñÌr H$s AmË_rH$ Ed§ AmÜ`mpË_H$ g§Kf© H$s H$Wm h¡ &''
dU©-ì`dñWm ^maVr` g_mO _| AmO ^r hmdr h¡ & Bgr H$m EH$ Z`m ê$n
Om{Vì`dñWm h¡ & Om{VJV D±$M-ZrMVm, gm_m{OH$ à{Vð>m-Aà{Vð>m _mZ-gå_mZ H$m
H$maU h¡ & Bg Om{V-ì`dñWm Ho$ H$maU ANy>V, {ZåZ, Am{X_ Om{V Ho$ bmoJm| H$m
{dH$mg, CÞ{V Ho$ à`mg Zht hmo nmVo & `h àíZ dmë_r{H$ H$mb go boH$a AmO VH$ Á`m|-
H$m-Ë`m| ~Zm h¡ Am¡a `hr AmO H$s _w»` g_ñ`m h¡ & Bg g_ñ`m H$m hb e~ar H$m
AmMaU h¡ & H$moB© ì`pŠV {H$g Vah AnZo ñdËd (Apñ_Vm) Am¡a MoVZm H$s ajm H$aHo$
Bg Om{VJV O‹S>Vm H$mo Xÿa H$a gH$Vm h¡, `h Xem©`m J`m h¡ & e~ar AnZo dU©, dJ©,
g_mO, `wJ BZ g~go D$na Bgr à{H«$`m X²dmam àñWm{nV hþB© h¡ &
dU©_Šw V hmoZo H$m AW© ì`pŠV Ho$ ì`pŠVËd H$mo g_má H$a XoZm Zht h¡ & ñd H$m
{dñVma hr ""na'' hmoH$a ì`pŠV g_mO ~ZVm h¡ & `hr ~VmZm "e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` H$m
CÔoí` h¡ & e~ar IÊS>H$mì` h_| grI XoVm h¡ {H$ loð> H$_© hr OrdZ Ho$ bú` H$mo àmá
H$aZo H$m _w»` gmYZ h¡ Am¡a AmO H$m `hr _mZdr` _mZXÊS> h¡ &
"e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` H$s aMZm e~ar H$s CÞ{V H$mo àñVwV H$aZm h¡ & g_yMm
H$WmZH$ e~ar Ho$ BX©-{JX© hr Ky_Vm h¡ & e~ar Ho$ OrdZ H$m bú` à^w Xe©Z Am¡a à^w _|
g_n©U h¡ Omo Cgo àmá hmoVm h¡ & g_mO Ho$ ~§YZ, n[adma Ho$ ~§YZ CgHo$ bú`àm{á _|
~mYH$ Zht hmoVo & dh àIa BÀN>mepŠV go AnZr amh IwX MwZ H$a Cg na MbVr h¡ &
CgH$s Bg BÀN>m go à^m{dV hmoH$a _V§J G${f g_mO^` H$mo Ë`mJ H$a _XX H$aVo h¢ &
Ohm± Mmh dhm± amh- CpŠV H$mo e~ar àË`j H$aVr h¡ & Bg{bE `h erf©H$ gmoÔío `,
g§{já, amoMH$ Am¡a à^mdH$ h¡ &

* e~ar IÊS>H$mì` H$s H$WmdñVw g§jno _| {b{IE &
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* _Zwî` H$m loð>Îd H$_© go {gX²Y hmoVm h¡ - H$WZ H$mo e~ar Ho$ AmYma na ñnï>
H$s{OE &
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* e~ar IÊS>H$mì` H$s àmg§ { JH$Vm ~VmBE
&................................................................................................
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* e~ar Ho$ à_wI nmÌm| H$m n[aM` Xr{OE &
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* "e~ar' _| Zaoe _ohVm Zo H$WmdñVw H$mo àH¥${V Ho$ {d{^Þ {MÌm| X²dmam àñVwV
{H$`m h¡ - gmoXmhaU g_PmBE &
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* e~ar IÊS> H$mì` _| H${d Zo {H$Z _mZdr` _yë`m| H$m A§H$Z {H$`m h¡ -
~VmBE &
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* IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ VÎdm| Ho$ AmYma na "e~ar' H$m _yë`m§H$Z H$s{OE &
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* "e~ar' Ho$ {eënnj H$m n[aM` Xr{OE &
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* e~ar IÊS>H$mì` H$m CÔoí` g_PmBE &
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* _m§J G${f H$m M[aÌ-{MÌU àñVwV H$s{OE &
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* "e~ar' H$s ^mfm e¡br
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* _V§J G${f
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* à^w lram_ H$s e~ar go ^|Q>
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* "e~ar' H$m CÔoí`
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* "e~ar' _| d{U©V dU©ì`dñWm
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* "e~ar' _| AmYw{ZH$Vm ~moY
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(J) EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎmadmbo àíZ
* e~ar Zo AnZo Ka-n[adma H$m Ë`mJ Š`m| {H$`m ?
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* _V§J G${f Ho$ Aml_ _| e~ar H$mo H$m¡Zgm H$m_ gm¢nm J`m ?
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* e~ar Ho$ à{V _V§J G${f Ho$ {dMma Š`m Wo ?
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* _V§J G${f H$mo Hw${Q>`m Š`m| ObmB© JB© ?
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* _V§J G${f H$mo AnZm Aml_ Š`m| N>mS‹o >Zm n‹S>m ?
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* à^wam_ H$mo XoIH$a e~ar Zo Š`m gmoMm ?
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* à^w H$m AmXa-gËH$ma e~ar Zo H¡$go {H$`m ?
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* "e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ nmÌm| Ho$ Zm_ {b{IE ?
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* "e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` Ho$ gJm] Ho$ Zm_ {b{IE ?
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* à^w am_ Ho$ Xe©Z go e~ar H$s Š`m Xem hþB© ?
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* à^w am_ Zo Mm¡Xh ^wdZ Ho$ gd©lðo > kmZr Ho$ ê$n _| {H$go gamhm h¡?
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* à^w am_ Zo e~ar Ho$ g§X^© _| Š`m H$hm ?
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* gw~h VbH$ Omo _¥JemdH$ Wm
A~ Wm dh _¥JN>mbm
H$ht _ZwOVm H$m Zm_ Zht
`h H¡$gm OrdZ H$mbm ?
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* ha-qgJma, Månm, H$Zoa
H$Xbr, Ho$bm Wo \y$bo,
H$_bm| na Qy>Q>o n‹S>Vo Wo
^«_a g^r ag ^ybo &
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* H¡$go {eî`m go A~ `h
Wr ^ŠV ~Z ahr à{V{XZ,
H$moB© Š`m Jwé hmo gH$Vm
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* AnZo H$mo loð> g_PZm
`h Xå^ Zht Vmo Š`m h¡ ?
{OgH$m OrdZ h¡ gmpÎdH$
dh Am`© Zht Vmo Š`m h¡ ?
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* Ho$db _V§J Wo A{dMb
g§Vmof ~‹S>m Wm _Z _|,
eyÐm go epŠV ~Zr dh
gå^d g~ Hw$N> OrdZ _| &
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1.4 gmam§e
Zaoe _ohVm X²dmam a{MV e~ar EH$ IÊS>H$mì` h¡ & e~ar H$m àH$meZ gZ² 1979
_| hþAm & e~ar IÊS>H$mì` H$m H$WmZH$ nm±M gJm] _| {d^m{OV h¡§ & ÌoVm, nånmga,
Vnñ`m, narjm, Xe©Z &
"e~ar' H$s H$Wm ÌoVm `wJ H$s XrZ-hrZ, A§ËÒ, e~a Hw$b H$s l_Um Zm_H$
Zmar H$s H$Wm h¡ & e~ar Ho$ n[aOZ qhgm H$s Am{X_ d¥{Îm _§o OrdZ`mnZ H$a aho h¢, `h
e~ar H$mo ng§X Zht Am`m Am¡a dh AqhgH$, ñdm^m{dH$, ghO Am¡a emH$mhmar OrdZ-
`mnZ H$aZm MmhVr h¡ & Bg CÔoí` go J¥hË`mJ H$a nånmga nhþM ± Vr h¡ Am¡a _V§J G${f H$m
{eî`Ëd ñdrH$ma H$aVr h¡ & _V§J G${f VnmodV« , kmZdmZ, Ðï>m G${f àda h¢ & do e~ar
Ho$ bJZerb Am¡a CÜd©Jm_r ì`pŠVËd H$mo OmZ boVo h¢ & G${f H$mo {dídmg hmoVm h¡ {H$
`h H$sM‹S> _| {Ibm H$_b h¡ & do Cgo Jmoembm _| godm H$m H$m_ gm¢nVo h¢ &
_V§J G${f H$s Amkm Ho$ AZwgma e~ar AnZm X¡Z{§ XZ H$m`© à^w e¥J§ ma g_P H$a
H$aVr h¡ & g§nU y © OJV² Cgo à^w_` bJVm h¡ & dh AZwem{gV OrdZ`mnZ H$aVr h¡ &
Aml_dmgr CgHo$ AmJ_Z go H«w$X²Y h¡ & Ho$db AmamYZm _mÌ go H$moB© eyÐ Am`© Zht hmo
gH$Vm & e~ar Am¡a _V§J G${f H$mo boH$a àdmX \¡$bm`m OmVm h¡ & Am{IaH$ma e~ar Am¡a
G${f H$mo Aml_ Ë`mJZm n‹S>Vm h¡ & bmoJ G${f H$s Hw${Q>`m Obm S>mbVo h§¡ &
_V§J G${f hma Zht _mZVo do e~ar H$mo `moJ Am¡a Xe©Z {gIm H$a CgHo$ ì`pŠVËd
H$mo {ZImaVo h¢ & e~ar Ho$ ~‹T>Vo VoO go bmoJ B©î`m© H$aVo h¢ & e~ar Ho$ n{V H$mo ~wbmH$a MwnMmn
e~ar H$mo CR>m H$a bo OmZo H$s gbmh XoVo h¢ & Bg gbmh Ho$ AZwgma e~ar H$m n{V AnZo
Xbg{hV e~ar H$s Hw${Q>`m VH$ nhþM° Vm h¡ & Hw${Q>`m _| àdoe H$a XoIVm h¡ {H$ e~ar Am±I§o
_yX± H$a Vnñ`m H$a ahr h¡ & Á`m| hr dh Cgo nH$‹S>Zo AmJo ~‹T>Vm h¡ AmJ Ob OmVr h¡, {Og_|
dh Pwbg OmVm h¡ & G${f go j_m _m§J H$a Mbm OmVm h¡ &
à^w am_ dhm± bj_UOr Ho$ gmW grVmOr H$mo ImoOVo hþE nhþ±MVo h¢ & g~Ho$ gm_Zo
bmoJm| H$mo gÀMmB© ~VmVo h¢ & _V§J G${f gd©lðo > kmZr h¡ Am¡a e~ar VnpñdZr h¡ & e~ar
_§Ì, `k, OJÁOZZr h¡ & e~ar Ho$ _rR>-o MIo ~oa ImH$a am_ H¥$VmW© hmoVo h¢ Am¡a e~ar
am__` hmo OmVr h¡ &
H$WmZH$ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Zaoe _ohVm Zo dU©-ì`dñWm Am¡a gmåàXm{`H$Vm Ho$ ~Xbo
_mZdVm H$mo gd©lðo > _mZm h¡ & d¡Mm[aH$ g§nÞVm Am¡a AmÜ`mpË_H$ {dH$mg go _Zwî` H$mo
loð>Vm {_bVr h¡ & Bggo ì`pŠV AmXaUr`, nyOZr` ~Z OmVm h¡ &
1.5 eãXmW©
{ga_m¡a - g~go loð>
~yM‹S>ImZm - H$ÎmbImZm
{dV¥îUm - {damJ
AmbmoH$ - àH$me
gmJm¡Z - gmJ d¥j
~Qw>H$ - ~«÷Mmar
nmoIa - Vmbmd (S>~Ho$)
nJdmQ>o - nJS>§S>r
{dOZ - EH$m§V, dmVmdaU
àdmX - ~VS>J§ ~ZmZm , bmoH$ àM{bV ~mV
Xÿâ - H$R>rZ
{dh²db - ì`mHw$b
{Z_©_ - H$R>mao
{^Zgma - à^mV
XþHy$b - dñÌ
nmVH$ - nmn
H$mobmhb - emoa
_éWb - ao{JñVmZ
ZmJa - ehar
haqgJma - (nm[aOmV) EH$ \y$b
Yy_, Yy_ - Yw±Am
A{âm_ - gw§Xa
n[a_b - gwJ§Y
g_raU - hdm
~«mh²_dob - am{Ì H$m A§{V_ àha
l_Um - gmÜdr
jmaPmS> - ewîH$, gyIm noS>, {ZînU© d¥j

* e~ar IÊS>H$mì` H$s g_rjm H$s{OE &
* "e~ar' IÊS>H$mì` go Amn {H$g H$mo ng§X H$aVo h¢ ? Š`m| ?
* IÊS>H$mì` H$s gyMr ~ZmH$a CZHo$ {df`m| H$mo g_PmZo H$m à`ËZ H$a| &
* Bg IÊS>H$mì` H$s Hw$N> n§pŠV`m| H$m Jm`Z H$s{OE &
1.7 A{VarŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVHo$§ -

* nmR>çnwñVH$ … e~ar … Zaoe _ohVm
bmoH$^maVr àH$meZ, _. Jm§Yr _mJ©, Bbmhm~mX
* ZB© H${dVm _o§ Zaoe _ohVm … EH$ AZwerbZ - S>m.° A{ZVm Hw$_mar
bmoH$dmUr g§ñWmZ, emhXam. {X„r
* Zaoe _ohVm Ho$ H$mì` H$m AZwerbZ - S>m.° ZmamÙ d¡îUd
qMVZ àH$meZ, H$mZnwa
* Zaoe _ohVm H$s d¡îUd H$mì``mÌm - S>m.° {dîUwà^m e_m©

BH$mB© - 2
An{R>V A§e
(g_mZmWu Ed§ {dbmo_mWu eãX, n„dZ)
AZwH$« _
2.0 CÔoí`
2.1 àñVmdZm
2.2 {df` - {ddaU
2.2.1 H$) g_mZmWu Ed§ {dbmo_mWu eãX
2.2.2 I) n„dZ
2.4 gmam§e
2.5 eãXmW©
2.7 A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVH§$o
2.2 CÔoí`
* g_mZmWu Ed§ {dbmo_mWu eãXm| go n[a{MV hm|Jo &
* nëbdZ Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo g_P|Jo Am¡a nëbdZ H$s j_Vm H$mo {dH${gV H$a
gH|$Jo &
* g_mZmWu Ed§ {dbmo_mWu eãXm| Ho$ g_w{MV à`moJ go ^m{fH$ j_Vm H$mo
{dH${gV H$a gH|$Jo &
2.1 àñVmdZm
{H$gr ^r ^mfm H$s epŠV CgHo$ eãX-gm_Ï`©, eãX-`moOZm Am¡a eãX-ì`dñWm
na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡ & eãX hr OrdZ-g§~Y§ r ^md, {dMma, AZw^d _yë` Am{X H$s
àñVw{V ^mfm H$mo g_¥X²Y ~ZmVo h¢ & àmMrZ J«§Wm| _| eãX H$m _hÎd ñnï> {H$`m h¡ - ""eãX
~«÷ h¡, eãX epŠV h¡, eãX OrdZXm`H$ A_¥V h¡ &''{díd H$s g_ñV ^mfmAm| H$m AmYma
eãX hr h¡ & eãXm| Ho$ à`moJ go ì`pŠV Ho$ hmd-^md, AmMma-{dMma-ì`dhma H$m nVm
MbVm h¡, AV… eãXm| H$m CgHo$ AWm] H$m, nyU© kmZ dŠVm `m boIH$ H$mo hmoZm
AË`mdí`H$ h¡ & eãXm| H$s g§àfo U epŠV Ho$ H$maU H$s ^mfm g_¥XY² Ed§ g§nÞ hmoVr h¡ &
_Zwî` gm_m{OH$ àm{U h¡, g_mO _o§ hr ^mfm H$m {Z_m©U, {dH$mg Am¡a à`moJ hmoVm
h¡, qH$Vw `h ^r Ü`mZ _| aIZm hmoJm {H$ g_mO n[adV©Zerb h¡ & gm_m{OH$ ì`dhma,
gm§ñH¥${VH$ _yë`m| _| hmoZdo mbo n[adV©Z, ZB©-ZB© dñVwAm| H$m Am{dîH$ma Am{X H$maUma§o go ZE-
ZE eãXm| H$m {Z_mU© hmoVm h¡, nwamZo eãXm| Ho$ AW© _| g§ñH$ma `m n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡ & `h à{H«$`m
{Za§Va MbVr ahVr h¡ & dmñVd _| eãX ~mhç OJV² Ho$ àË`j kmZ go g§~{§ YV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
^mfm-^mfr g_wXm` H$s qMVZ-à{H«$`m go ^r OwS‹ >m ahVm h¡ & Bg{bE dh g_mO Am¡a
g§ñH¥${V Ho$ g_`-g_` na hmoZdo mbo n[adV©Z H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo _| gj_ hmoVm h¡ &
{H$gr ^r ^mfm _| à`wŠV {H$E OmZo dmbo `m hmo gH$Zodmbo eãXm| Ho$ g_yh H$mo Cg
^mfm H$s eãX-g§nXm `m eãX-^§S>ma H$hVo h¢ & eãX-^§S>ma Ho$ eãXm| H$s ghr-ghr
JUZm H$aZm H${R>Z h¡ & AW© à`moJ Am¡a B{Vhmg `m ñÌmoV H$s Ñ{ï> eãXm| H$m dJuH$aU
{H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ & qhXr H$s eãX-g§nXm AË`§V g_¥X²Y h¡ & AV… eãXm| Ho$ à`moJ Ed§
AW© H$m gyú_ kmZ Amdí`H$ h¡ & Bg BH$mB© _| qhXr Ho$ g_mZmWu Ed§ {dbmo_mWu eãXm|
H$m {ddoMZ {H$`m Om ahm h¡ &
2.2 {df` {ddaU

^mfm A{^ì`pŠV H$m geŠV _mÜ`_ h¡ & ^mfm`r A{^ì`pŠV H$m _yb AmYma
eãX hmoVo h¢ & eãX hr ~mVMrV `m H$WZ _| AmZodmbo ì`pŠV`m|, àm{U`m|, dñVwAm§,o
JwUm|, {H«$`mAm|, ^mdZmAm|, {dMmam| Am{X H$mo àH$Q> H$aVo h¡§ & {ZË` à`moJ _| AmZo go
eãXm| Ho$ ê$nmo§ _| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡, H$^r eãX hQ> OmVo h¢ Vmo gä`Vm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW
hr ZE-ZE eãX gpå_{bV {H$E OmVo h¢ & H$^r-H$^r Vmo nwamZo eãXm| _| ZE-ZE AW© ~‹S>r
ghOVm go bmE OmVo h¢ Bg{bE eãXm| Ho$ AW© H$s Ñ{ï> go EH$mWu, AZoH$mWu, n`m©`dmMr
`m g_mZmWu, {dbmo_mWu `m {dnarVmWr© ôX ~ZVo h¢ &
2.2.1 H$) g_mZmWu Ed§ {dbmo_mWu eãX
* g_mZmWu eãX - g_mZ AW©dmbo eãX n`m©`dmMr `m g_mZmWu eãX H$hbmVo h¢
& eãXH$moe _| EH$-EH$ eãX Ho$ {bE AZoH$ g_mZmWu eãX {_b OmVo h¢, qH$Vw do EH$mWu
Zht hmoVo & CZ_| ^md H$s Ñ[ï> go Hw$N>-Z-Hw$N> A§Va Adí` hmoVm h¡ &
CXm. - A{Zb, dm`w, ndZ, g_ra Am{X g_mZmWu eãXm| _| gyú_ ôX h_oem hr ahVm h¡ & -
"A{Zb' _| H$mo_bVm Am¡a erVbVm H$m AZw^d hmoVm h¡ &
"dm`w' _| {Z_©bVm Ho$ gmW bMrbmnZ h¡ &
"ndZ' _| hdm Ho$ bhamH$a ~hZo H$m ^md h¡ &
hdm Ho$ {bE g_mZmWu eãX AZoH$ h¢, qH$Vw ^md H$s Ñ{ï> go CZ_| A§Va ñnï> h¡ &
Cgr àH$ma ñÌr Ho$ {bE A~bm, Zmar, _{hbm, bbZm Am{X g_mZmWu eãX
{_bVo h¢ & ""{H$gr A~bm na AË`mMma hmoVo XoIH$a {H$gr H$m ^r IyZ Im¡bZm
ñdm^m{dH$ hr h¡ '' Bg dmŠ` _| "A~bm eãX' Ho$ ñWmZ na AÝ` g_mZmWu eãXm| _| go
Zmar `m _{hbm `m bbZm eãX aI XoZo go Amn {Og ^md H$s ì`§OZm H$aZm MmhVo h¡§ dh
Zht hmo gHo$Jr & AV… `h ~mV ñnï> h¡ {H$ eãX g_mZmWu hmoVo hþE ^r CZ _| A§Va h¡&
{H$gr boIH$ `m dŠVm H$mo AW©-ôX Am¡a ì`§OZm-ôX H$m kmZ Zht h¡ Vmo CgH$s
A{^ì`pŠV Añnï> `m AYyar hr ahoJr & Bg{bE g_mZmWu eãXm| Ho$ gyú_ A§Va H$mo
g_PH$a hr CZH$m dmŠ` _| à`moJ H$aZm Mm{hE & CXm. -
* g_mZmWu eãXm| H$m AW© - ôX
AZw_{V - {H$gr H$m`© Ho$ {bE gh_{V &
Amkm - ~‹S>o ì`pŠV X²dmam Hw$N> H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmZm &
AmXoe - d¡Ym{ZH$ A{YH$ma go Hw$N> H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hZm &
Ah§H$ma - K_§S> ( Xmof h¡ ) &
Jd© - {H$gr dñVw H$m Jm¡ad &
Jm¡ad - K_§S> `m Jd© (JwU h¡ ) &
A{^_mZ - Xmof Ho$ {bE àM{bV eãX &
ào_ - àU`, ñZoh, dmËgë` Ho$ {bE à`wŠV gm_mÝ` eãX &
ñZoh - N>moQ>o Ho$ à{V ~‹S>o H$m ào_ &
àU` - n{V-nËZr H$m ào_ &
AñÌ - {Ogo \|$H$H$a _mam OmE (O¡g-o ~mU, Jmobr, ~_)
eñÌ - {Ogo hmW _| nH$‹S>o hþE _mam OmE (O¡g-o Vbdma, Nw>ar,
bmR>r, JXm)
l_ - Ho$db emar[aH$ &
n[al_ - emar[aH$ Am¡a _mZ{gH$ XmoZm| &
ghm`Vm - EH$ nj g{H«$` hmoVm h¡ &
gh`moJ - XmoZm| nj g{H«$` hmoVo h¢ &
* g_mZmWu eãXm| Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo -
AZwn_ - Anyd,© AZmoIm, AZyR>m, AVwb, A{X²dVr`, AX²^Vw
A_¥V - A{_`, nr`yf, gwYm
AMb - nhm‹S>, nd©V, e¡b, {J[a, ZJ, ^yYa
Agwa - XmZd, X¡Ë`, amjg, {Z{eMa, {ZemMa, V_rMa
Aíd - h`, VwaJ§ , KmoQ>H$, KmoS>m, g¢Yd, VwaJ§
A{¾ - AmJ, nmdH$, AZb, Ádmbm
AmH$me - JJZ, ì`mo_, A§~a, Z^, Amg_mZ, eyÝ`, A§V[aj, AZ§V
AmH$m§jm - BÀN>m, A{^bmfm, Mmh, H$m_Zm, _ZmoaW, B©ßgm
B§Ð - gwan{V, eMrn{V, nwaX§ a, dmgd, _h|Ð, XodamO
B©ída - à^w, na_mË_m, na_oída, ^JdmZ, h[a, OJXre, IwXm,
XrZ~§Yw
H$_b - gamoO, ObO, n§H$O, AaqdX, CËnb, nX²_, H§$O, amOrd,
A§~O w , eVXb, Hw$db`, nwS§ >[aH$, Z{bZ, ga{gO,
Vm_ag, dm[aO
H$m_Xod - _XZ, _Ý_W, H§$Xn©, _ma, AZ§J, n§Mea, _Z{gO, ñ_a,
_Zmo^md, AVZw, H$m_, Hw$gw_~mU, _rZHo$Vw, a{Vn{V, _ZmoO
H$mo_b - _¥X,þ _wbm`_, _g¥U, gwH$w_ma, Za_, Anê$n
JUoe - JOdXZ, JOmZZ, {dZm`H$, JUn{V, _hmH$m`, {d¿ZamO,
EH$X§V, _moXH${à`, Jm¡argwV, {J[aZ§XZ, bå~moXa
J§Jm - ^mJraWr, gwagar, _§Xm{H$Zr, {ÌnWJm, XodmnJm, {dîUwnXr,
Z§Xrídar, Om•dr, XodZXr
M§Ð - M§Ð_m, Mm§X, gwYm§ew, {h_m§ew, {dYw, gwYmH$a, gwYmYa,
e{e, amHo$e, {ZemH$a, Vmamn{V, _`§H$, gmo_, {Zemn{V,
H$bm{Z{Y
Ob - CXH$, Zra, nmZr, g{bb, Aå~w, Vmo`, OrdZ, dm[a,
A_¥V, Zra, ag, An, n`
O_wZm - gy`g© Vw m, H$mqbXr, Va{UOm, H¥$îUm, a{dgwVm, AH©$Om
Va§J - C{_©, bha, {h„mob, bhar, dr{M, H$„mob
Vmbm~ - gamoda, nwîH$a, Obme`, nX²_mH$a, V‹S>mJ, ga, öX
XodVm - A_a, gwa, Xod, {ddwY, {ZO©a, Am{XË`, Jrdm©U
ZXr - g[aVm, V{Q>Zr, Va§{JUr, {ZP©[aUr, AmnJm, n`pñdZr
Zm¡H$m - Zmd, S>mJ| r, ~oS>m, Var, ObnmÌ, Ob`mZ, V[aUr, nV§J
n{V - ^Vm©, ñdm_r, a_U, d„^, H§$V, ZmW
nËZr - ^m`m©, Xmam, J¥{hUr, ~hÿ, dYy, H$bÌ, àmU{à`m, d„^m,
Omoê$, dm_m, dm_m§Jr, {V`, AYmª{JZr, ghY_©Mm[aUr,
~r~r, H$m§Vm
ndZ - hdm, dm`w, g_ra, _ê$V, dmV, ~`ma, A{Zb, g_raU,
à^§OZ, J§Ydh, àH§$nZ, Z^àmU

nmd©Vr - C_m, Jm¡ar, B©ídar, {edm, ^dmZr, ê$ÐmUr, A§{~H$m,
Am`m©, XþJm©, AnUm©, {J[aOm, gVr, e¡bgwVm, A^`m
n¥Ïdr - Bbm, ^y, ^y{_, Yam, dgw_Vr, dgwYa§ m, YaVr, YaUr,
dgwYm, í`m_m, Ad{Z, {j{V, _o{XZr, OJVr, Y[aÌr,
draàgy
\y$b - gw_Z, nwîn, Hw$gw_, àgyZ
{~Obr - Mnbm, {dÚwV, Xm{_Zr, V{‹S>V, gm¡Xm{_Zr, M§Mbm,
^«_a - _Ywn, _YwH$a, {_qbX, ^¥J§ , ^m¢am, A{b, fQ²>nmX
_hmXod - {ed, e§H$a, ZrbH§$R>, _hoída, M§ÐeoIa, ha, {J[aOmn{V,
H¡$bmeZmW, ^yVZmW
_oK - KZ, ObYa, ~mXb, dm[aX, ZraX, n`moX, A§~O w , n`moYa,
OJOrdZ, YmamYa, {damJr
`wX²Y - aU, b‹S>mB©, g_a, g§Jm« _
amV - {Zem, {Z{e, aOZr, am{Ì, {d^mdar, {Ì`m_m, `m{_Zr,
a¡Zm, jUXm, V_pñdZr, ed©ar, V_r
dg§V - ~hma, Hw$gw_mH$a, _Yw_mg, _mYd, G$VwamO
{dîUw - OZmX©Z, bú_rn{V, Xm_moXa, ö[fHo$e, {díd§â, MVwÔ ©w
eara - A§J, H$m`m, VZw, Xoh, ~XZ, {Oñ_, H$boda, JmV
gmJa - g_wÐ, CX{Y, Ob{Y, n`mo{Y, jra{Y, A§~{w Z{Y, qgYw,
aËZmH$a,
gañdVr - ^maVr, emaXm, B©ídar, lr, drUmnm{U, dmJrem, dmJrídar,
~«m÷r
gn© - ZmJ, A{h, ^wOJ§ , {dfYa, ì`mb, gm±n, nÞJ
qgh - _¥Jn{V, h[a, n§MmZZ, Ho$ear, eoa, _¥JÐ|
gw§Xa - _Zmoa_, Mmé, H$m§V, gwf_m, _§Ob w , ê${Ma, gmo_Z
gy`© - a{d, ^mñH$a, {XdmH$a, à^mH$a, {XZH$a, {XZoe, _mVªS>,
^mZw, g{dVm, AH©$, {_Ì, N>m`mZmW, H$_b~§Y,w A§e_w mbr,
Va{U, Am{XË`
ñÌr - Zmar, _{hbm, bbZm, H$m§Vm, dm_m, Am¡aV, A~bm, d{ZVm,
a_Ur, A§JZm, H$bÌ, H$m{_Zr, à_Xm, gwX§ ar
hmWr - Hw$§ Oa, _V§J, J`§X, X§Vr, hñVr, H$[a, X²{daX, dmaU,
Hw$§ ^r, qgYwa, JO, ZmJ

* {dbmo_mWu eãX
{H$gr eãX H$m {dnarV AW© ~VbmZo dmbm eãX {dbmo_ `m {dnarVmWr© H$hbmVm h¡ &
CXm. Jar~-A_ra, nmn-nwÊ`, AÀN>m-~wam Am{X & H¥$îU Hw$_ma Jmoñdm_r Zo qhXr _|
g§aMZm H$s Ñ{ï> go {dbmo_ eãXm| Ho$ nm±M ôX _mZo h¢ -
(1) A, AZ², Am, {Z, {d, nam, à{V, Ad, AZm, Zm Am{X
CngJ© OmoS‹ >Zo go ~ZZo dmbo {dbmo_mWu eãX - CXm.-
AZwbmo_ eãX - {dbmo_ eãX AZwbmo_ eãX- {dbmo_ eãX
kmZ - AkmZ AmXa - AZmXa
gË` - AgË` AmMma - AZmMma
Y_© - AY_© Eoíd`© - AZ¡íd`©,X[aÚ«
ñnï> - Añnï> C{MV - AZw{MV
ew^ - Aew^ Cn`wŠV - AZwn`wŠV
bm¡{H$H$ - Abm¡{H$H$ CnpñWV - AZwnpñWV
Mb - AMb CnH¥$V - AZwnH¥$V
gä` - Agä` AmXa - {ZamXa
AW© - AZW© X`mbw - {ZX©`
Am`© - AZm`© M§Mb - {ZíMb
qM{VV - {ZpíM¨V JV - AmJV
YZr - {ZY©Z XoIm - AZXoIm
H$nQ>r - {ZîH$nQ>r A{YH$ma - AZ{YH$ma
njnmVr - {Zînj A{YH¥$V - AZ{YH¥$V
amoJr - {ZamoJr AZwnmbZ - AZZwnmbZ
{d{Y - {ZfoY hmoZr - AZhmoZr
H«$` - {dH«$` Ano{jV - AZno{jV
nj - {dnj _ob - AZ_ob
amJ - {damJ {ddm{hV - A{ddm{hV
Xoer - {dXoer ì`ŠV - AZ{^ì`ŠV,
Aì`ŠV
{H«$`m - à{V{H«$`m MoVZ - AdMoVZ
ì`` - Anì`` A{^k - AZ{^k
eHw$Z - AneHw$Z àH$f© - AnH$f©
ídmg - àídmg _X© - Zm_X©
bm`H$ - Zmbm`H$ H$m_`m~r - ZmH$m_`m~r
BÝgm\$ - ZmBÝgm\$ OmÒ - ZmOmÒ
Iwe - ZmIwe ng§X - Zmng§X
_§Oya - Zm_§Oya _w_{H$Z - Zm_w_{H$Z
g_P - Zmg_P ~m{bJ - Zm~m{bJ
nmH$ - ZmnmH$
(2) {damoYr CngJ© OmoS‹ >Zo go ~ZZodmbo {dbm_m{W© eãX
Am`mV - {Z`m©V CËH¥$ï> - {ZH¥$îQ>
AZwHy$b - à{VHy$b gwJ§{Y - XþJª{Y
CnH$ma - AnH$ma gag - Zrag
ñdV§Ì - naV§Ì gå_wI - {d_wI
ñdXoe - {dXoe gm¡^m½` - Xþ^m©½`
gmH$ma - {ZamH$ma gmja - {Zaja
gnyV - H$nyV gÀM[aÌ - XþíM[aÌ
g~b - {Z~©b gXmMmar - XþamMmar
ñdH$s`m - naH$s`m g§`moJ - {d`moJ
gwê$n - Hw$ê$n gw_{V - Hw$_{V
gw~moY - Xþ~m}Y gOrd - {ZOud
(3) EH$ eãX _| àË`` Vmo Xÿgao _| CngJ© OmoS‹ >Zo go ~ZZodmbo {dbmo_mWu eãX
YZr - {ZY©Z B©_mZXma - ~oB_mZ
dµ\$mXma - ~odµ\$m H$nQ>r - {ZîH$nQ>
h`mXma - ~oh`m ñ_¥{V - {dñ_¥{V
G${U - CG${U
(4) g§aMZm H$s Ñ{ï> go ñdV§Ì ê$n go ~ZZo dmbo {dbmo_mWu eãX -
AÀN>m - ~wam AnZm - nam`m
AJ« - níM AZwJ«h - {dJ«h
AË`{YH$ - ñdën An_mZ - gå_mZ
A_¥V - {df A§YH$ma - àH$me
AZwO - AJ«O Adm©MrZ - àmMrZ
AmH$me - nmVmb Am`mV - {Z`m©V
AmXmZ - àXmZ AmpñVH$ - ZmpñVH$
Am`© - AZm`© Amamoh - Adamoh
Am{X - A§V Amem - {Zamem
Amä`§Va - ~mhç AmÐ© - ewîH$
CnpñWV - AZwnpñWV CX` - AñV
CÎmrU© - AZwÎmrU© CÎm_ - AY_
CVma - M‹T>md CÎma - X{jU
CXma - H¥$nU, AZwXma CX²ç_r - Ambgr
CîU - erV CËWmZ - nVZ
BhbmoH$ - nabmoH$ Bhbm¡{H$H$ - nmabm¡{H$H$
D±$M - ZrM Bï> - A{Zï>
EH$ - AZoH$ Eoíd`© - AZ¡íd`©, Xm[aÐç
H$Qw> - _Ywa H$nQ>r - {ZîH$nQ>
H$‹S>dm - _rR>m H¥$nU - CXma
H¥$[§Ì_ - AH¥${Ì_ H¥$e - ñWyb
Hw${Q>b - gab H¥$Vk - H¥$V¿Z
H$R>mao - H$mo_b H¥$îU - ídoV
I§S>Z - _§S>Z Jham - CWbm, {N>N>bm
Jwê$ - bKw Jwá - àH$Q>
JwU - Xmof J_Z - AmJ_Z
J¥hñW - g§Ý`mgr J«mø - AJ«mø
KmV - à{VKmV Ka - ~mha
Ma - AMa {Ma§VZ - Zída
Mmoa - gmYw M§Mb - {ZíMb
Mnb - AMnb MVwa - _yT‹ >
N>{b`m - {ZíN>b Ob - Wb
O` - namO` OrdZ - _¥Ë`w
OmJ«V - gwá OmJaU - gwf{w á
VQ>ñW - njnmVr Vrd« - _§Wa
X`mbw - {ZX©` XmVm - gy_, {Îmar,
`mMH$
XþO©Z - gÁOZ XþamMmar - gXmMmar
X{jU - CÎma Yra - AYra
Y_© - AY_© Üd§g - {Z_m©U
ZdrZ - nwamVZ Z`m - nwamZm
qZXm - ñVw{V qZXZr` - AqZÚ

Z_« - CX²YV {ZH$Q> - Xÿa
ZJa - J«m_ Z¡{VH$ - AZ¡{VH$
Z_H$hbmb - Z_H$ ham_ ZyVZ - nwamVZ
na_mW© - ñdmW© n{Vd«Vm - Hw$bQ>m
nyU© - AnyU© àgÝZ - AàgÞ
n{dÌ - An{dÌ àË`j - AàË`j
nwañH$ma - {VañH$ma, X§S> nyd© - npíM_
na_mW© - nm¡d©Ë` àmH¥${VH$ - H¥${Ì_, {dH¥$V
\$b - {Zî\$b ~wamB© - ^bmB©
~§YZ - _wŠV, _moj ~bdmZ - ~bhrZ
^md - A^md ^yV - ^{dî`
^Ð - A^Ð ^yJmob - IJmob
_mZ - An_mZ _{bZ - {Z_©b, ñdÀN>
_Ywa - H$Qw>w _m¡{IH$ - {b{IV
{_Ï`m - gË` {_Ì - eÌw
è - An`ím `moJr - ^moJr
`mo½` - A`mo½` `WmW© - A`WmW©, H$ënZm
ajH$ - ^jH$ amOm - a§H$
amV - {XZ é½U - ñdñW
bm^ - hm{Z bmo^ - Ë`mJ
bKw - Jwê$, XrK© {bá - A{bá
{d{Y - {ZfoY dra - H$mà
{ddmX - {Z{d©dmX {dídmg - A{dídmg
{dYdm - gYdm {dnwb - Ý`yZ
{demb - ewÐ {damoY - g_W©Z
{dbmg - Vnñ`m ì`{ï> - g_{ï>
ew^ - bm^ eÌw - {_Ì
em§{V - Aem§{V, H«$m§{V emgH$ - em{gV
emoH$ - hf© e`Z - OmJaU
lì` - Ñí` lmÝV - AlmÝV
gOb - {ZO©b g§{Y - {dJ«h
gM - PyR> gyIm - Jrbm
gwñV - MwñV gwa - Agwa
ñdmW© - na_mW© gwê$n - Hw$ê$n
gmja - {Zaja gOb - {ZO©b
gw~h - em_ gw~moY - Xþ~m}Y
hf© - emoH$ {hV - A{hV
h±gZm - amoZm qhgm - Aqhgm
hma - OrV öñd - XrK©
j_m - X§S> ja - Aja
j{UH$ - emídV ho` - CnmXoe
(5) OmoS‹ >o Ho$ én _| à`wŠV {dbmo_ eãX -
{deof AW© XoVo hþE {dbmo_-eãX OmoS‹ >o Ho$ ê$n _| à`wŠV hmoH$a AnZm ì`mnH$ AW© ì`ŠV
H$aVo h¢ & CXm. -
* _Zwî` AnZo {dMmam| H$m h_oem AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aVm h¡ &
* haoH$ Xoe _| Am`mV-{Z`m©V hmoVo ahVm h¡ &
* Xoe-{dXoe _| Ky_Zo go _Z…ñdmñÏ` AÀN>m ahVm h¡ &
* AÀN>-o ~wao bmoJ g^r OJh hmoVo hr h¢ &
* g§gma _| gÁOZ-XþO©Z bmoJ {_bVo h¢ &
Hw$N> {dbmo_ eãX EH$ hr AW© XoVo h¢ qH$Vw Cg_| ì`mnH$Vm Am OmVr h¡ -
CXm.-
* Cggo H$hmZm-gwZZm {ZaW©H$ h¡ &
* Wmo‹S>m-~hþV {_bZo go ^r Cgo g§Vmof {_bVm h¡ &
Hw$N> {dbmo_ eãX Z`m AW© XoVo h¢ - CXm.
* CgZo amo-h±g H$a Hw$N> Zm_ Vmo H$a {XIm`m h¡ &
* Ka _| Vob H$s H$_r Ho$ H$maU CgZo AmH$me-nmVmb EH$ H$a {X`m &
* dh {XZ-amV _ohZV H$aVm h¡ &
* Cgo n‹T>-{bIH$a hr Vmo Hw$N>> ~ZZm h¡ &
{dbmo_ eãXm| H$mo à`moJ H$aVo g_` Hw$N> _hÎdnyU© ~mVm| na Ü`mZ XoZm
Amdí`H$ h¡ -
* EH$ hr eãXm H$m EH$ hr {dbmo_ hmo, `h H$moB© Amdí`H$ Zht hmoVm & {dbmo_
eãXm g§X^m©Zwgma ~XbVo ahVo h¢ - CXm. -
* amOm - a§H$, amOm - àOm, amOm - amZr
* gab - H${R>Z (ì`pŠV), gab - dH«$ (aoIm)
qbJdmMr eãXm| H$mo {dbmo_ eãXm| Ho$ A§VJ©V Zht aIm OmVm - CXm.-
* XmXm - XmXr ZmZm - ZmZr
_m_m - _m_r MmMm - MmMr
~oQ>m - ~oQ>r ^mB© - ~hZ
§(*) EH$ eãX _| àË`` Vmo Xÿgao _| CngJ© OmoS‹ >Zo go ~ZZodmbo {dbmo_mWu eãX
YZr - {ZY©Z B©_mZXma - ~oB©_mZ
2.3.2 nëbdZ
gwJ{R>V {dMma `m ^md Ho$ {dñVma H$mo "n„dZ' H$hm OmVm h¡ & g§{já, JyT>-
J§^ra {dMma, ^md, gypŠV H$mo {dñVma go ñnîQ> H$aZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡ & gm_mÝ`
nmR>H$ AmgmZr go BZ {dMmam| H$mo g_P Zht gH$Vm AWm©V² Cg CpŠV Ho$ _yb AW© H$mo R>rH$
Vah go g_PmZo Ho$ {bE gab eãXm| _| {dñVma {H$`m OmVm h¡ & {H$gr {df` H$m n„dZ
H$aVo g_` H$WmË_H$ àg§Jm|, Cn_mZm|, Ñï>mV§ m| X²dmam ì`mg e¡br _| gyÌdmŠ` _| ì`ŠV
^mdm| H$mo A{YH$ ~moYJå` ~ZmZo H$m à`mg {H$`m OmVm h¡ & Bggo ñnï> h¡ {H$ nëbdZ
^r EH$ àH$ma H$s H$bm h¡ &
* nëbdZ H$m ñdê$n
AZoH$ {dX²dmZm| Zo n„dZ Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo ñnï> H$aZo H$m à`ËZ {H$`m h¡ & ""EH$
{ZpíMV {df` `m H$Ï` go g§~X²Y {dMma Ed§ ^mfm H$mo AnZo kmZ, aMZmZw^{y V Am¡a
H$ënZm Ho$ ghmao {dñV¥V H$a àdmh_`r CÝ_wŠV e¡br Ho$ _mÜ`_ go JÚ _| A{^ì`ŠV
aMZm "n„dZ' h¡ &'' AWm©V² `h gO©ZmË_H$ JÚ-aMZm h¡ Am¡a {Z~§Y go AnZm ñdV§Ì
ApñVËd ñnï> H$aVr h¡, Š`m|{H$ n„dZ _| {df` H$m {dñVma EH$ {ZpíMV gr_m Ho$ A§VJ©V
hr {H$`m OmVm h¡ & AV… n„dZ Ho$ {bE Hw$N> ~mVm| na Ü`mZ {X`m OmE -
* nëbdZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr gypŠV, CpŠV, H$hmdV, à{gX²Y dmŠ` {X`m OmVm h¡ & Cgo
n‹T>H$a CgHo$ nyao ^md `m {dMma H$mo g_P boZm Mm{hE &
* _yb ^md Ho$ gmW AÝ` Jm¡U ^mdm| H$mo ^r g_PZo H$m à`ËZ H$a| &
* _yb Am¡a Jm¡U ^mdm| H$m H«$_ {ZpíMV H$aHo$, àËòH$ ^md H$mo AbJ-AbJ
AZwÀN>Xo m| _| {bIm OmE &
* ^mdm| Ho$ g_W©Z Ho$ {bE Ñï>mV§ , CXmhaUm| Am{X H$m à`moJ H$a| &
* ^mfm gab Ed§ gw~moY hmo N>mQo >-o N>mQo >o dmŠ`m| X²dmam ^mdm| H$mo _wŠV e¡br _| ñnï> H$a| &
* Ü`mZ aIo {H$ _yb boIH$ Ho$ ^mdm|-{dMmam| H$m hr {dñVma Ed§ {díbofU H$aZm h¡,
AmbmoMZm Zht&
* AZmdí`H$ ~mVm| H$m C„oI Z H$a| &
* _yb boIH$ Ho$ {dMmam| go gh_V Z ^r hmo Vmo CgH$m I§S>Z Zht H$a gH$Vo & Ho$db
CpŠV `m H$WZ H$mo {dñVma Ho$ gmW ñnï> {H$`m OmE &
* ì`mg e¡br AWm©V² {dñVmanyU© ^mfm e¡br H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmE &
* n„dZ H$s {deofVmE± -
n„dZ H$mo à^mnyU© AmH$f©H$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE boIH$ Hw$N> _hÎdnyU© {deofVmAm| H$mo
^r Ü`mZ _| aIVm h¡ -
* H$ënZm H$m ghO à`moJ -
H$ënZm Ho$ {~Zm CpŠV `m H$WZ H$m {ddoMZ Zrag ~Z OmVm h¡ & H$ënZm Ho$ ghO,
ñdm^m{dH$ à`moJ go boIH$ {H$gr ^r {df` H$mo AË`§V AmH$f©H$ ~ZmVm h¡ &
* _m¡{bH$Vm -
_yb {df` H$mo ZdrZVm go àñVwV H$aZo H$s j_Vm boIH$ Ho$ nmg hmo & n„dZ _|
_m¡{bH$Vm go VmËn`© h¡ gyÌ, dmŠ` `m {df` Ho$ g§X^© H$s OmZH$mar H$mo AnZr e¡br _|
ì`ŠV H$aZm &
* {dídgZr`Vm -
nëbdZ Ho$ {df` gyÌ-{dMma H$mo ñnï> H$aVo g_` Ü`mZ aIo {H$ Omo {bIm Om ahm
h¡ dh {dídgZr` h¡ `m Zhr§ & {df` Ho$ gmW VmXmËå` ahZo go ñnï>rH$aU Ho$ CXmhaUm|
X²dmam nmR>H$m| H$s ê${M H$mo Ama§^ go A§V VH$ ~ZmE aIm Om gH$Vm h¡ &
* b{bV-_Ywa ^mfm-à`moJ -
Bggo nmR>H$ A{^ì`ŠV {dMmam| go AmZ§X àmá H$a gH$Vm h¡ & BgHo$ {bE Amdí`H$
h¡ g_-gm_{`H$ _whmdao, ZE-ZE q~~m§,o àVrH$m| Ho$ à`moJ go {df` {dñVma & BZ g^r
CnH$aUm| Ho$ X²dmam ^mfmJV gm¢X`© ~T>Vm h¡ & ^mfm _| ghOVm, gagVm, amoMH$Vm, bm{bË`,
_mYw`© {Z_m©U hmo gH$Vm h¡ &
* d¡`pŠVH$ e¡br H$m à`moJ -
àËòH$ ì`pŠV H$s AnZr-AnZr aMZm e¡br hmoVr h¡, AV…boIH$ n„dZ _| ñdV§Ì
`m CÝ_wŠV e¡br H$m à`moJ H$aVm h¡, qH$Vw ^mdm| H$s ûm¥I § bm H$mo A~m{YV aIVm h¡ &
nëbdZ H$s aMZm-à{H«$`m Am¡a à{d{Y H$m ^r boIH$ Ü`mZ aIVm h¡ & {df`-
M`Z, qMVZ-_ZZ, gm_J«r-g§H$bZ, CnbãY gm_J«r H$m g§`moOZ H$aHo$ hr boIZ H$m`©
g§nÞ {H$`m OmVm h¡ & n„dZ boIZ Ho$ ~mX Cgo EH$ ~ma n‹T> boZm Amdí`H$ h¡ {Oggo
nVm Mb gHo$Jm {H$ {df`mZwgma ^mdm| H$m {dñVma, g_w{MV CXmhaU, ^mfm H$s dV©Zr,
aMZm `mo½` h¡ `m Zht & H$ht Hw$N> ~mV| Ny>Q> JB© hmo Vmo gwYma {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ AWm©V²
{b{IV n„dZ H$m g§emoYZ H$a boZm Amdí`H$ h¡ & nëbdZ Ho$ CXm. -
* "n[adV©Z hr OrdZ h¡ &'
n[adV©Z OrdZ H$m AQ>b {Z`_ h¡ & `h g§gma n[adV©Zerb h¡ Am¡a àH¥${V ^r &
_Zwî` H$m OrdZ Bg g§gma Am¡a àH¥${V go Ow‹S>m hþAm h¡ & dh h_oem EH$ O¡gm Vmo Zht
ahVm & Cg_| {ZË` n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡ & YaVr _| EH$ ~rO ~moZo go Hw$N> hr {XZm| _| Cggo
H$m|nbo ~mha \y$Q> H$a AmZo bJVr h¡§ & H$m|nb§o A§Hw$a _|, A§Hw$a n{Îm`m| _|, Yrao-Yrao Vyb
XoI
o | CÝht nwZ… "~rO' H$m {gb{gbm n[andV©Z H$m hr ÚmoVH$ h¡ &
Amg_mZ H$s Amoa XoIZo go nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ {XZ _| gyaO H$s {H$aUm| H$m Vmn
hmoVm h¡, Vmo amV _| Mm±X H$s erVb {H$aU§o & H$^r H$mbo-g\o$X ~mXb Ky_Vo ZOa AmVo
h¢, Vmo H$^r ~mXb AÑí` hmo OmVo h§¡ & H$^r n§{N>`m| H$m H$bad gwZmB© XoVm h¡ & H$^r Mmam|
Amoa ham-âm Vmo H$^r ewîH$Vm go ImbrnZ AmZo bJVm h¡ & g¥{ï> H$s H$moB© ^r dñVw h_oem
EH$ O¡gr Zht ahVr, Cg_| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡ & gXu J_u, ~m[ae, nVPS>, dg§V G$Vw H$m
AmJ_Z n[adV©Z hr h¡ &
g_` ^r EH$-gm Zht ahVm, CgH$s J{V ZXr Ho$ àdmh Ho$ g_mZ {Za§Va h¡ & EH$
jU _| Amem Vmo Xygao jU _| {Zamem, H$^r gwIX Vmo H$^r Xþ…I AZw^{y V`m± & H$^r
AH$mb, hmhmH$a, Vmo H$^r amJ-am[J{Z`m| H$s P§H$ma & e¡ed, ~MnZ, `m¡dZ Am¡a ~wT‹ >mnm
^r Vmo n[adV©Z Ho$ gmonmZ h¢ &
ha {XZ, ha df©, `wJ _| ~XbVo {dMma, Ñ{ï>H$moU, ar{V`m±, Zr{V`m±, H$m`Xo-H$mZyZ
g~Hw$N> Vmo ~XbVm ahVm h¡ & nmn-nwÊ`, ñdJ©-ZaH$, AÀN>m-~wam, Y_©-AY_© H$s
g§H$ënZmE± ^r, Omo H$b Wr§, AmO {~ëHw$b ~Xb JB© h¢ &
gM ~mV `h h¡ {H$ n[adV©Z hr {dH$mg H$m AmYma h¡ & àJ{V H$m gmonmZ h¡ &
H$ënZm H$ao {H$ AJa n[adV©Z Z hmo Vmo OrdZ H$s J{V, {dH$mg ê$H$ OmEJm & O‹S>-
{ZîàmU go hmo OmE±Jo & ZB© C_§Jm|, AZw^{y V`m| H$s hbMbm| Ho$ H$maU hr OrdZ H$m `h MH«$
A{daV ewê$ h¡ & `{X OrdZ H$m ghr AmZ§X boZm h¡ Vmo MbVo ahZm h¡, ~XbZm h¡, Š`m|{H$
n[adV©Z hr OrdZ H$s g§OrdZr h¡ &
(gm^ma - à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr - S>m°. A§~mXmg Xoe_wI)
* gmJa Ho$ g_mZ H$m_Zm
Z{X`m| H$mo nMmVo hþE gr_m Ho$ ~mha Z OmZm `hr Vmo ~«m÷U H$m AmXe© h¡ &
dfm© Ho$ _m¡g_ _| Z{X`m CÝ_wŠV hmoH$a N>bN>bmVr hþB© àdm{hV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a J«rî_
G$Vw Ho$ AmZo na em§V & qH$Vw gmJa H$m Ob àËòH$ G$Vw Ed§ g_` _| EH$ g_mZ ahVm
h¡ & Bgr{bE Cgo "g_+CÐ' AWm©V² g_wÐ -gX¡d Obdmbm H$hm J`m h¡ & dfm© _| Z Vmo
Cg_| ObßbmdZ AmVm h¡ Z J«rî_ G$Vw _| CgH$m Ob H$_ hmoVm h¡ &
C_‹S>Vr AZoH$ Z{X`m± ^r AJa EH$ gmW Cg_| àdoe H$ao§ Vmo ^r gmJa H$s J§^raVm
_| H$moB© èhmg Zht hmoVm & gÀMo ~«m÷U H$m ì`pŠVËd g_wX§ a Ho$ g_mZ {demb hmoVm h¡ &
~‹S>o-~‹S>o àbmo^Zm| Ho$ H$maU ^r ~«m÷U AnZr _`m©Xm H$m A{VH«$_U Zht H$aVm &
Oè§H$a àgmX {b{IV "M§ÐJwá' ZmQ>H$ Ho$ MmUŠ` Zm_H$ nmÌ Ho$ ì`pŠVËd _| `hr
AmXe© {XImB© XoVm h¡ &
MmUŠ` AmnZr H$m_ZmAm| H$mo AnZo de _| aIVo h¡§ Am¡a do g_«mQ> AemoH$ Ho$
ghm`H$ ~ZVo h¡&§ AnZr H$m_ZmAm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE do AnZr ~MnZ H$s {à`m-gwdm{gZr
Ho$ àU` gyÌ _| ~§Y gH$Vo h§¡ `m g_«mQ> ^r ~Z gH$Vo h¢ & bo{H$Z CÝhm|Zo Eogm Zht {H$`m
& CZH$m J[a_m_` ì`pŠVËd Vmo ~«m÷UËd H$s BÀN>mAm| H$mo g_wÐ H$s Vah AmË_gmV² H$a
boVm h¡ & dfm©H$m{bZ C_‹S>Vr hþB© Z{X`m| Ho$ Ob H$mo J«hU H$a gmJa {Og àH$ma {ZpíMV,
pñWa, em§V, J§^ra ~Z ahVm h¡, Cgr àH$ma AZoH$ H$m_ZmE± ~«m÷UËd H$s¨ _{h_m go nyU,©
MmUŠ` H$mo AnZo _mJ© go {dM{bV Zht H$aVr h¡§ & `hr Vmo ~«m÷Um| H$m AmXe© h¡ &

* AmË_{dídmg g\$bVm H$s Hw$§ Or h¡ &
AmË_{dídmg Ho$ ~bna hr _Zwî` AZoH$ g§H$Q>m| H$m gm_Zm H$aZo _| g_W© hmoVm h¡ &
ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X Zo H$hm {H$ ""gd©àW_ AmË_{dídmg H$aZm grI|'' g\$bVm H$m {_bZm
{ZpíMV h¡ & {OZ_| AQy>Q> Am¡a A{‹S>J AmË_{dídmg hmoVm h¡, CZHo$ {bE H$moB© nW XþJ_©
Zht hmoVm & AmË_{dídmg Ho$ A^md _| ~bdmZ ì`pŠV ^r g\$bVm àmá Zht H$a gH$Vm
& AmË_{dídmg OrdZ Am¡a _Z H$mo Anyd© epŠV àXmZ H$aVm h¡ & `h EH$ Eogr AZwn_ Am¡a
{dbjU epŠV h¡, Omo h_o bú` H$s Amoa AJ«ga H$aVr h¡ & h_mar Ag\$bVmAm| Ho$ nrN>o
_yb _| AmË_{dídmg H$s H$_r hr h¡ & AmË_{dídmg Ho$ ~b na {Z~©b ì`pŠV ^r AHo$bm
hr {dn{Îm`m| H$m S>Q>H$a _wH$m~bm H$a CÝh| namñV H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a g\$bVm CgHo$ Jbo
_| _mbm S>mbVr h¡ & AV… AmË_m{dídmg hr g\$bVm H$r Hw$§ Or h¡ &
(gm^ma - à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr - S>m°. A§~mXmg Xoe_wI)
* n„dZ Ho$ {bE HwN> {df`
* H$_© Ho$ {bE dMZ nhbr gr‹T>r h¡ &
* X[aÐVm g~ nmnm| H$s OZZr h¡ &
* qZXH$ {Zào am{IE &
* gX²Jêw $ g_mZ H$mo gJm &
* Ohm± Mmh dhm± amh &
* amï´> Ho$ {bE Omo _aVm h¡, dhr OrVm h¡ &
* _Zwî` OÝ_ go Zht, H$_© go _hmZ hmoVm h¡ &
* g§Vmof hr gÀMm YZ h¡ &
* gw{ZE, g~ H$s, H$[aE _Z H$s &
* ZoVm Zht, ZmJ[aH$ Mm{hE &
* A{dÚm g~go ~‹S>m amoJ h¡ &
* Amam_ ham_ h¡ &
* g_` {H$gr H$s àVrjm Zhr§ H$aVm &
* M[aÌ-JR>Z H$m ñÌmoV _mVm h¡ &
* AW© hr AZW© H$m H$maU h¡ &
* Ohm± \y$b h¡, dhm± H$m±Q>m ^r h¡ &
* g_aW H$mo Zht Xmof Jwgm±B© &
* OrdZ EH$ a§J_§M h¡ &
* Omo gmoVm h¡ gmo ImoVm h¡ &
* AYOb JJar N>bH$V Om` &
* _Oh~ Zht {gIVm Amng _| ~¡a aIZm &
* ZmM Z OmZo Am§JZ Q>T‹o >m &
* hmoZhma {~admZ Ho$ hmoV {MH$Zo nmV &
* ^yIo ÔZ Z hmoV Jmonmbm &
* bmo^ g^r nmnm| H$m _yb h¡ &
* Jar~r go _¥Ë`w ^br &
* AmË_{dídmg hr g\$bVm H$s Hw§$Or h¡ &
* "à{V^m' l_ Am¡a Aä`mg Ho$ VQ>m| _| ~§YH$a ~hVr h¡ &
* H«$moY EH$ Vah H$m amoJ h¡ &
* ~wX{² Y_mZ bmoJ Jwê$ H$m G$U ~hþV ~‹S>m _mZVo h¢, Š`m§{o H$ AÝ` G$U Vmo AmgmZr go
bm¡Q>mE Om gH$Vo h¢ - kmZXmZ H$m G$U g~Ho$ {bE bm¡Q>mZm g§^d Zht h¡ &
* Za H$aZr H$ao Vmo Za H$m ZmamÙ hmo OmVm h¡ &
* g_mZmWu eãXm| H$m VmËn`© g_PmH$a CXmhaU {b{IE &
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* nm±M g_mZmWu eãXm| H$mo ~VmH$a CZHo$ gyú_ A§Va H$mo g_PmBE &
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* nm°M§ g_mZmWu eãXm| H$m AW© ñnï> H$aVo hþE CXmhaU {b{IE &
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* {dbmo_mWu eãX H$m AW© ñnï> H$aVo hþE CXmhaU {b{IE &
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* g§aMZm H$s Ñ{ï> go {dbmo_ eãXm| Ho$ ôXm| H$m g§{já {ddaU Xr{OE &
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* "n„dZ' boIZ H$s{OE--- * "g~ {XZ hmoV Z EH$ g_mZ &'
* ZoVm Zht, ZmJ[aH$ Mm{hE &
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(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* g_mZmWu eãXm| H$s Amdí`H$Vm &
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* "hdm' eãX Ho$ g_mZmWu eãXm| H$m dmŠ` _| à`moJ &
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* {dbmo_mWu Mma eãXm| Ho$ OmoS‹ >o Am¡a dmŠ` _| à`moJ &
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* A, AZ, {d, {Z, Zm CngJm] H$mo OmoS‹ > H$a {dbmo_mWu Xmo-Xmo eãX &
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* n„dZ H$m ñdê$n &
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* "e~ar' _| AmYw{ZH$Vm ~moY
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* g_mZmWu eãX Ho$ à`wŠV Xÿgao eãX H$mo {b{IE &
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* g_mZmWu eãXmo§ _| ^md H$s Ñ{ï> go A§Va ñnï> H$aZodmbm EH$ CXmhaU
{b{IE &
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* "gy`'© Ho$ {bE Xmo g_mZmWu eãX ~VmBE &
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* {damoYr CngJ© OmoS‹ >Zo go ~ZZo dmbm EH$ {dbmo_mWr© eãX {b{IE &
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* "AmXmZ- àXmZ' "Xoe-{dXoe' {dbmo_ eãX {H$g ê$n _| à`wŠV hmoVo h¢ ?
* n„dZ {H$go H$hVo h¡ ?
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2.4 gmam§e
_Zwî` AnZo ^mdm|-{dMmam| Ho$ AmXmZ-àXmZ Ho$ {bE ^mfm H$m à`moJ H$aVm h¡ &
^mfm H$m _w»` AmYma eãX hmoVo h¢ & eãXm| _| AW© H$s Anma epŠV hmoVr h¡, AV… eãX
Am¡a CgHo$ AW© H$mo g_P boZm AË`mdí`H$ hmoVm h¡ & eãXm| H$s g§àfo U epŠV Ho$ H$maU
hr ^mfm g_¥X²Y Ed§ g§nÞ hmoVr h¡ & ^mfm _| à`wŠV eãXm| Ho$ g_yh H$mo Cg ^mfm H$s
"eãX-g§nXm' _mZm OmVm h¡ & {ZË` à`moJ _| AmZo go H$^r eãXm| Ho$ ê$nm| _| Vmo H$^r AW©
_| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡, H$^r-H$^r Vmo CgHo$ AW© H$mo g_PmZo Ho$ {bE n`m©`r eãX àM{bV
hmoVo h¢ & eãXm| Ho$ AW© H$s Ñ{ï> go EH$mWu, g_mZmWu, AZoH$mWu, {dnarVmWu ôX ~ZVo
h¢ & BZ eãXm| H$o gyú_ AW© H$mo g_P boZm _hËdnyU© h¡, Bggo ghr eãXm| Ho$ à`moJ go
^mdm|, {dMmam| Ho$ g§àfo U _| ~mYm Zht Am gH$Vr &
g_mZmWu `m n`m©`dmMr eãX EH$mWu Zht hmoVo CZ_| ^md H$s ÑpîQ> go A§Va hmoVm
h¡ & CXm. A{Zb, dm`w, ndZ, g_ra Am{X hdm Ho$ {bE à`wŠV eãXm| _| gyú_ A§Va h¡ &
AÀN>-o ~wao ^mdm| `m Xmofm| Am{X H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {dbmo_mWu eãXm| H$m kmZ ^r
Amdí`H$ h¡ &
^mfm na A{YH$ma àmá H$a boZo go boIH$- _Zwî` AnZo ^mdm| {dMmam| Ho$ ~‹S>r
ghOVm go ì`ŠV H$a gH$Vm h¡ & CpŠV, gypŠV, JyT‹ >-J§^ra {dMmam| H$mo ^r "n„dZ' Ho$
X²dmam {dñVmanydH© $ ~VmZo H$s j_Vm ì`pŠV _| Am gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a dh {d{dY {df`m| Ho$
CXmhaUm| X²dmam gypŠV, CpŠV H$mo {dñVma nyU© ê$n go g_PmVm h¡ & AV… ^m{fH$
A{^ì`pŠV _| n„dZ H$m _hÎd h¡ &
2.5 eãXmW©
g§àofU - (g_mMmam{X) ôOZm, nhþM ± mZm-EH$ ì`pŠV go Xÿgao ì`pŠV
VH$
{dbmo_ - {dnarV, {dê$Õ
gpå_{bV - g_m{dï>
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_hmoX`,
{ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {nN>bo {XZm| EH$ H$ma XþKQ© >Zm _| _¢ J§^ra ê$n go Km`b hmo J`m h±ÿ
Am¡a ZB© {X„r Ho$ EH$ AñnVmb _| ^Vu h±ÿ & S>m°ŠQ>am| H$s gbmh h¡ {H$ _wPo nyU© ñdñW
hmoZo _| EH$ _hrZo H$m g_` bJ gH$Vm h¡ & AV… Amngo AZwamoY h¡ {H$ {XZm§H$ 14 \$adar
go 15 _mM© 2001 VH$ _wPo ~r_mar H$s Nw>Q²>Q>r _§Oya H$aZo H$s H¥$nm H$a| &
S>m°ŠQ>a H$m Amdí`H$ à_mUnÌ Bg nÌ Ho$ gmW g§b¾ h¡ &
YÝ`dmX
{XZm§H$ 14 \$admar 2011
ñWmZ - ObJm±d &
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A.~. Hw$bH$Uu
{b{nH$, àemgZ {d^mJ
C._.{d. ObJm±d 425001
g§b¾ - S>mŠ° Q>a H$m à_mUnÌ
nVm -
à{V,
_m. àemgm{ZH$ A{YH$ma
gm_mÝ` àemgZ
C._.{d. ObJm±d
Ûmam
AZ§V ~iram_ Hw$bH$Ur©,
C._.{d. ObJm±d
* ewëH$ _§o [aAm`V Ho$ {bE - 1

godm _|,
_mZZr` àmMm`©,
B§{Xam Jm§Y° r H$Ý`m _hm{dÚmb`,
MoÞB© - 2
{df` - ewëH$ _| [aAm`V

_hmoX`,
_¢Zo Bg df© àW_ df© {dkmZ _| àdoe {b`m h¡ & 12 dt H$jm _| _¢Zo 95 % A§H$
àmá {H$ EH$ h¢ & Ka _| Ho$db H$_mZodmbo {nVmOr hr h¡§, {\$a ^r do _wPo Am¡a AÝ` Xmo
~hZm| H$mo n‹T>mZo H$m à`ËZ H$a aho h¢ & Ka H$s pñW[V gmYmaU h¡ & AV… Amn
_hm{dÚmb`rZ ewëH$ _| _wPo Hw$N> [aAm`V X| Vmo _oar n‹T>mB© nyar hmo gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a
E_².Eg.gr. àW_ loUr go CÎmrU© hmoZo H$m gnZm ^r nyam hmo gH$Vm h¡, Zht Vmo _wPo AnZr
n‹T>mB© N>mo‹S>Zr n‹S>oJr &
_oar `mo½`Vm Am¡a Am{W©H$ n[apñW[V H$s {dnÞVm XoIVo hþE _wPo ewëH$ _| [aAm`V
XoH$a AZwJh¥ rV H$a| &
AmkmH$mar N>mÌm,
{dhm
Vm. 11-8-2012
ñWmZ - AÞmZJa, MoÞB©
nVm
à{V,
_mZZr` àmMm`©,
B§{Xam Jm§Yr H$Ý`m _hm{dÚmb`,
MoÞB© - 2
Ûmam
{dhm g§VmofHw$_ma,
4 AÞZJa, MoÞB©-2
* ewëH$ _o [aAm`V Ho$ {bE - 2

godm _|,
_mZZr` àmMm`©,
H$[aà B§{O{Z`[a¨J H$m°bO
o
ZmJnya - 2
{df` - ewëH$ _| [aAm`V - _wpŠV

_hmoX`,
_§¡ JV Xmo dfm] go _oH°${ZH$b {d^mJ _| Xÿgao df© H$s narjm nmg H$aHo$ Bg df© Vrgao
df© _| àdoe boZm MmhVm h±ÿ & JV Xmo dfm] _| _¢ Q>~o b-Q>{o Zg amï´>r` ñVa VH$ Iob MwH$m h±ÿ &

ì`pŠVJV Ed§ H$m°bOo Ho$ {bE _wPo nwañH$ma ^r {_bo h¢ & àW_ df© _| "AmXe©-N>mÌ' Cnm{Y
go _wPo gå_m{ZV {H$`m J`m h¡ &
_oao {nVmOr godm{Zd¥Îm AÜ`mnH$ h¡,§ CÝh| {_bZodmbr noÝeZ go _oao AÝ` Xmo ^mB©-
~hZ Am¡a _oar n‹T>mB© Ho$ {bE n¡gm IM© H$aZm H${R>Z h¡ & ~‹S>r H${R>ZmB© go Ka H$m IMm©
Mbm`m OmVm h¡ &
Amn Bg df© H$s n‹T>mB© Ho$ {bE ewëH$ _| A{YH$m{YH$ [aAm`V Xo Vmo _¢ ~‹S>r bJZ
go AnZm bú` nyU© H$a gHy$§ Jm & AmnH$mo {dídmg {XbmVm h±ÿ {H$ narjm _| Aìdb AmH$a
H$m°bO
o H$m Zm_ COmJa H$é§Jm &
Amem h¡ _oao AZwamoY na Amn {ZpíMV hr ghmZw^{y VnydH© $ {dMma H$a|Jo &
{dZrV,
^m½òe _oZZ
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ZmJnwa - 2
Ûmam
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30 am_~mJ, ZmJnwa
3. Am) $"H|$Ðr` qhXr {ZXoemb` H$s dV©Zr g§~Y § r {Z`_mdbr H$m kmZ'
^mfm _| dV©Zr H$m H$m\$s _hÎd h¡ & dV©Zr H$s AewXY² Vm boIZ _| AZoH$
g_ñ`mE± {Z_m©U H$aVr h¡ & XodZmJar {b{n qhXr ^mfm Ho$o {bE ñdrH$ma H$s JB© h¡ & qhXr
^maVr` g§K VWm Hw$N> amÁ`m| H$s amO^mfm ñdrH¥$V hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU CgH$m _mZH$ ê$n
{ZYm©[aV H$aZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm Wr & dU©_mbm _| EH$énVm Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ `§Ìm| Ho$ Cn`moJ
_| {b{n H$s AZoH$ énVm ~mYH$ Z hmo, Bg{bE H|$Ðr` qhXr {ZXoemb` X²dmam AZoH$
{dX²dmZm| Ho$ {dMma-{d_e© Ho$ níMmV² qhXr dU©_mbm Am¡a A§H$m| H$m _mZH$ én {ZYm©[aV
{H$`m J`m h¡ & dh {ZåZ àH$ma H$m h¡ -

_mZH$ qhXr dU©_mbm -
ñda - A Am B B© C D$ G$ E Eo Amoo Am¡
_mÌmE± - m [ r w y ¥ o ¡ mo m¡
AZwñdma - . (A§)
AZwZm{gH$Vm {M• - ±
ì`§OZ - H²$ I² J² K² • $L>²
M² N²> O² P² Äm²
Q²> R²> S²> T²> U² S‹ > T‹ >
V² W² X² Y² Z²
n² \²$ ~² ^² _²
`² a² b² d²
e² f² g² h²
g§`Šw V ì`§OZ - j² Ì² k² l²
hb² {M• - ² (L²>)
J¥hrV ñdZ - A°, Am°, (m°) ‹I ‹O µ\$
XodZmJar A§H$ - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0
^maVr` A§H$mo§ H$m A§Vam©ï>´ r` én -
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0
g§ñH¥$V Ho$ {bE à`wŠV XodZmJar dU©_mbm _| Vmo G$ VWm b¥ ^r gpå_{bV h¡,§ qH$Vw
qhXr _| BZ dUm] H$m à`moJ Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU BÝh| qhXr _mZH$ dU©_mbm _| ñWmZ Zht {X`m
J`m h¡ &
{H$gr ^r ^mfm Ho$ grIZo-{gImZo _| ghm`H$ `m ~mYH$ ~ZmZodmbo Xmo à_wI VÎd
h¢ & ì`mH$aU Am¡a {b{n & {b{n H$m EH$ nj h¡, gm_mÝ` Am¡a {d{eï> ñdZm| Ho$ n¥WH²$
àVrH$-dUm] H$s g_¥X{² Y, CZH$m nañna ñnï> AmH$ma-ôX, {bImdQ> _| gabVm VWm ñWmZ-
bmKd Ed§ à`ËZ-bmKd&
{b{n H$m Xÿgam nj h¡ dV©Zr & EH$ hr ñdZ Ho$ {bE {d{dY dUm] Ho$ à`moJ go Hw$N>
H${R>ZmB`m± AmVr h¢ & BÝh| Xÿa H$aZm Am¡a qhXr dV©Zr _| EH$énVm bmZm ^maV gaH$ma H$m
CÔoí` h¡ & Bg{bE ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ {ejm _§Ìmb` Zo {deofk-g{_{V V` H$s Wr & {OZHo$
X²dmam Hw$N> {g\$m[ae| àñVwV H$s JB©, {OÝh| ^maV gaH$ma Zo _mÝ`Vm Xr & AV… ^maV gaH$ma
X²dmam qhXr dV©Zr g§~Y§ r {Z`_ Bg àH$ma ~Zo h¢ -

1) g§`Šw V dU©
(A) I‹S>r nmB© dmbo ì`§OZ - BZH$m g§`Šw V ê$n I‹S>r nmB© H$mo hQ>mH$a hr ~Zm`m OmZm Mm{hE
`Wm -
Üd{Z, Ý`mg, amï´>r`, ñdrH¥$V, Í`§~H$, `ú_m, íbmoH$, nÏ`, Hw$Îmm, ì`mg, ZJÊ`,
»`m{V, ß`mg, gä`, {S>ã~m, aå`, b¾, eæ`m, [dÜZ, H$ÀMm, N>ÁOm, CëboI, Ý`mg
Am{X
(~) AÝ` ì`§OZ
(i) "H$' Am¡a "\$' Ho$ g§`Š w Vmja - g§`Šw V, nŠH$m, XâVa H$s Vah ~ZmE OmE± &
(ii) L², N²>, Q²>, R²>,´ S²>,>•X², Am¡a h², Ho$ g§`Šw Vmja hb² {M• bJmH$a hr ~ZmE OmE± &
O¡go dmL²>_`, bQ²>Q>y , ~wS>² T‹ >m, {dX²`m, ~«÷m
(iii) g§`Šw V "a' Ho$ àM{bV VrZm| én `WmdV² ah|Jo -
àH$ma , Y_©, amï´>
(iv) "l' H$m àM{bV én hr _mÝ` hmoJm & O¡go l_, Alw, "Ì' V² XmoZm| énm| _| go
{H$gr EH$ Ho$ à`moJ H$s Ny>Q> hmoZr - qH$Vw "H«$' H$mo "H«$ ' Ho$ én _| {bIm Zht
OmEJm &
(v) hb² {M• `wŠV dU© go ~ZZodmbo g§`Šw Vmja Ho$ X²{d{V` ì`§OZ Ho$ gmW "B' H$s
_mÌm H$m à`moJ g§~{§ YV ì`§OZ Ho$ VËH$mb nyd© hr {H$`m OmEJm - O¡g-o {Û{V`,
~w{Õ_mZ² {M•²{ZV &
(vi) g§ñH¥$V _| g§`Šw Vmja nwamZr e¡br go ^r {bIo Om gH|$Jo - g§`Šw V {M•, {dÚm,
MÄMb, {dÛmZ, d¥Õ, ~w{Õ Am{X &
2) {d^pŠV {M•
(i) qhXr Ho$ {d^pŠV- {M• g^r àH$ma Ho$ eãXm| _| n¥WH²$ {bIo OmE± - O¡go am_ Zo,
am_ H$mo, am_ go Am{X &
gd©Zm_m| _| ò {M• gmW {_bH$a {bIo OmE± -O¡g-o Cggo, CgZo, CgH$mo, Cgna
Am{X &
(ii) gd©Zm_m| H$o gmW `{X {d^pŠV {M• hmo Vmo CZ_| go nhbm {_bH$a Am¡a Xÿgam
n¥WH²$ {bIm OmE - O¡go - CgHo$ {bE, Bg_| go &
(iii) gd©Zm_ Am¡a {d^pŠV Ho$ ~rM "hr' "VH$' Am{X H$m {ZnmV² hmo Vmo {d^pŠV H$mo
n¥WH²$ {bIm OmE - Amn hr Ho$ {bE, _wP VH$ & Amn hr Ho$ Am{X &
3) {H«$`mnX -
g§`Šw V {H«$`mAm| _| g^r A§J^yV {H«$`mE± n¥WH$ n¥WH²$ {bI| CXm. n‹T>m H$aVm h¡,
Im`m H$aVm h¡, H$a gH$Vm h¡, Iob H$aoJm Am{X &
4) hmB\$Z
BgH$m à`moJ {dYmZ ñnï>Vm Ho$ {bE {H$`m OmVm h¡ -
(i) X²dX§ d² g_mg _| nXm| Ho$ ~rM hmB\$Z aIm OmE± - O¡go - am_-grVm, {ed-
nmd©Vr-g§dmX, XoI-aoI, Mmb-MbZ, ImZm-nrZm, amoZm-YmoZm, am_-H¥$îU,
amYm-H¥$îU Am{X &
(ii) gm, O¡gm Am{X go nyd© hmB\$Z aIm OmE - Vw_-gm, am_-O¡gm, MmHy$-go, M§Ð-
gm, Jwbm_-O¡gm Am{X &
(iii) VËnwéf g_mg _| hmB\$Z H$m à`moJ Ho$db dht {H$`m OmE±, Ohm± CgHo$ {~Zm ^«_
hmoZo H$s g§^mdZm hmo &
^² - VËd (n¥Ïdr-VËd) ^yVÎd ( ^yV hmoZo H$m ^md)
A - ZI ({~Zm ZI H$m), AZI (H«$moY)
A - Z{V (Z_«Vm H$m A^md) AZ{V (WmoS‹ >m)
(iv) H${R>Z g§{Y`m| go ~MZo Ho$ {bE ^r hmB\$Z H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡ & O¡go {Xd²-
Aja, {Xd²-AW©H$ &
5) Aì`` -
VH$, gmW Am{X Aì`` gXm n¥WH²$ {bI§o OmE± - AmnHo$ gmW, `hm± VH$ & qhXr
_| Amh, Amoh, Vmo, ^r, Z, O~, V~, H$~, H$hm±, `hm±, lr, Or, _mÌ, {H$, qH$Vw, _Ja,
bo{H$Z, AWdm, `Wm, VWm Am{X AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ Aì`` ^md-~moY H$amVo h¢ &
Hw$N> Aì``m| Ho$ AmJo {d^pŠV {M•² ^r AmVo h¢, O¡go - A~ go, O~ go, dhm± go
Am{X &
gå_mZmW©H$ "lr' Am¡a "Or' Aì`` ^r n¥WH²$ {bIo OmE± & O¡go - lr lram_,
H$Ýh¡`mbmb Or, _hmË_m Or Am{X &
6) lw{V_ybH$ "`' "d' à`moJ -
BZH$m à`moJ {dH$ën go hmoVm h¡ & qH$Vw {H$E-{H$ò, ZB©-Z`r, hþAm-hþdm Am{X _|
go nhbodmbo (ñdamË_H$) énm| H$m hr à`moJ {H$`m OmE± & {H«$`m {deofU Aì`` Am{X _| ^r
… O¡go - {XImE-JE, am_ Ho$ {bE, nwñVH$ Ho$ {bE, ZB© {X„r &
Ohm± "`' lw{V_ybH$ ì`mH$a{UH$ n[adV©Z Z hmoH$a eãX H$m hr _yb VËd hmo, dhm±
d¡H$pënH$ lw{V_ybH$ ñdamË_H$ n[adV©Z H$s Amdí`H$Vm Zhr§ h¡ & O¡g-o ñWm`r, Aì``r^md,
Xm{`Ëd &
7) AZwñdma VWm AZwZm{gH$Vm {M• (M§Ð q~Xþ) XmoZm| àM{bV ah|Jo & -
* g§`wŠV ì`§OZ Ho$ én _| Ohm± n§M_mja Ho$ ~mX gdJu` eof Mma dUm} _| go H$moB©
dU© hmo Vmo EH$énVm Am¡a _wÐU-boIZ H$s gw{dYm Ho$ AZwgma hr à`moJ H$aZm Mm{hE &
O¡go - J§Jm, M§Mb, R>§S>m, g§nmXH$ & n§M_mja Ho$ ~mX H$moB© AZwñdma AmE `m dhr
n§M_mja Xþ~mam AmE Vmo n§M_mja AZwñdma Ho$ én _| n[ad{V©V Zht hmoJm & O¡go -
dmL²>_`, AÝ`, gå_obZ, {MÝ_`, CÝ_wI Am{X &
* M§Ð {~§Xþ Ho$ {~Zm àm`… AW© _| ^«_ H$s JwO § mBe ahVr h¡ & O¡go h§g - h±g,
A§JZm- A±JZm &
8) hb² {M•-
g§ñH¥$V Ho$ Hw$N> eãX qhXr _| hbÝV bJmH$a {bIo OmVo h¢ & hbÝV bJmZo H$m AW©
h¡ Cg ì`§OZ go ñda-n¥WH²$ `m Üd{Z H$m bmon H$aZm h¡ & O¡go - OJV², gV², AgV², ~¥hV² &
qhXr _| Hw$N> - eãXm| _| hbÝV bwá hmo MwH$m h¡ & CZ_| {\$a go hbÝV bJmZo H$m à`ËZ Z
{H$`m OmE± & O¡go _hmZ, {dÛmZ &
9) ñdZ n[adV©Z -
g§ñH¥$V_ybH$ VËg_ eãXm| H$s dV©Zr H$mo Á`m| H$m Ë`m| J«hU {H$`m OmE & AV…
~«÷m H$mo ~«åh, {M• H$mo {MÝh _|o ~XbZm C{MV Zht h¡ & Bgr àH$ma J«hrV-J¥hrV,
Ñï>ì`-Ðï>ì`, AË`m{YH$-AË`{YH$ hr {bIZm Mm{hE & Hw$N> VËg_ eãXm| _| VrZ
ì`§OZm| Ho$ g§`moJ go X²{dË`_ybH$ ì`§OZ bwá hþAm h¡ Cgo {bIZo H$s Ny>Q> h¡ & O¡go-
CÁÁdb-CÁdb, VÎd-VËd Am{X &
10) {dgJ© -
g§ñH¥$V Ho$ {OZ eãXm| _| {dgJ© H$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡, do VËg_ én _| à`wŠV hmo Vmo
{dgJ© H$m à`moJ Adí` {H$`m OmE - ñdmÝV… gwIm`, Xþ…ImZw^{y V & `{X Cg eãX Ho$
VX²^d én _| {dgJ© H$m bmon hmo MwH$m hmo Vmo Cg én _| {dgJ© Ho$ {~Zm H$m_ Mb OmEJm &
O¡go-XþI-gwI Ho$ gmWr, XþñdßZ Am{X &
11) Eo Am¡a Am¡ H$m à`moJ -
qhXr _| Eo, Am¡ H$m à`moJ Xmo àH$ma H$s Üd{Z`m| H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo Ho$ {bE hmoVm h¡ &
nhbo àH$ma H$s Üd{Z`m± (h¡§ Am¡a) Am{X _| h¡§ VWm Xÿgao àH$ma H$s Jd¡`m, H$m¡Am Am{X
_| &
12) nydH© $m{bH$ àË`` -
nydH© $m{bH$ àË`` "H$a' [H«$`m H$mo {_bmH$a {bIm OmE - O¡go - {_bH$a,
ImH$a, Im, nrH$a, amo-amoH$a, gmoMH$a, n‹T>H$a, {bIH$a, AmH$a, g±Kw H$a Am{X &
13) {dXoer Üd{Z`m± -
(i) Aa~r-\$magr Ho$ do eãX Omo qhXr Ho$ A§J ~Z MwHo$ h¢ Am¡a {OZH$s {dXoer
Üd{Z`m| H$m qhXr Üd{Z`m| _| énm§VaU hmo MwH$m h¡, CÝh§o qhXr én _| hr ñdrH$ma {H$E Om
gH$Vm h¡ & O¡go-H$b_, {H$bm XmJ Am{X & `hm± BZH$m ewX²Y {dXoer én `m CÀMmaU ôX
~VmZm Amdí`H$ h¡ & CZHo$ qhXr _| àM{bV énm| _| `WmñWmZ ZwŠVo bJmE OmE± - I ‹ mZm-
ImZm, am‹O-amO, \µ $Z-\$Z & Aa~r-\$magr H$s nm±M Üd{Z`m± (‹H$, J‹ , I ‹ ,O ‹ , \µ $ ) qhXr
_| AmB© h¢ & CZ_| go O‹ , \µ $ AnZo én H$mo ~ZmE aIZo _| g§Kf© aV h¢ & eof qhXr _| n[ad{V©V
hmo JB© h¡ &
(ii) A§Jo«Or Ho$ {OZ eãXmo§ _| AY©{dd¥Îm "Amo' Üd{Z H$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡, CgHo$
ewXY² én H$m qhXr _| à`moJ H$aVo g_` Am H$s _mÌm Ho$ D$na AY©MÐ§ H$m à`moJ {H$`m
OmE & O¡go - S>m°ŠQ>a, H$m°boO, hm°b, hm°pñnQ>b Am{X &
(iii) qhXr Ho$ Hw$N>> Eogo eãX h¢ {OZHo$ Xmo-Xmo én ~am~a Mb aho h¢ & O¡g-o
JaXZ-JX©Z, Ja_r-J_u, ~a\$-~\©$, {~bHw$b-{~ëHw$b, gaXr-gXu, \w$agV-\w$g©V
Am{X &
14) {dam_ {M• -
^mfm X²dmam A{^ì`ŠV ^mdm| H$m ~moY H$amZo Ho$ {bE {dam_ {M•m| H$s Amdí`H$Vm
hmoVr h¡ & qhXr _| à`wŠV hmoZo dmbo {dam_ {M• {ZåZ{b{IV h¢ -
* nyU© {dam_ - ( & ) amV H$m g_` Wm &
* Aën {dam_ - ( , ) Ohm± YwAm± h¡, dhm± A{¾ h¡ &
* AY© {dam_ - (; ) \$bm| _| Am_ amOm h¡; \y$bm| _| Jwbm~
g_«mQ> h¡ &
* Cn{dam_ - ( … ) Vwbgr J«W§ mdbr … H$mer ZmJar àMmaUr
g^m &
* {dñ_` {M• - ( ! ) Aao, am_y Vw_ !
* g_mgH$ `m `moOH$ {MÝh - ( - ) AÀN>m-~wam, én-a§J
* CX²YaU {M• - ("" '' ) H$m{bXmg H¥$V ""_oKXÿV'' EH$ g§Xe o
H$mì` h¡ &
* q~Xþ g§jno {M• - (.`m.) ~r. E. (~¡Mb o a Am°\$ AmQ>g© )
* bmon {M• - (..... ) Aao hm± ...... A~ `mX Am`m &
* H$moð>H$ - () [ ] JmoXmZ (ào_M§X) [ gañdVr àog dmamUgr ]
* AÝ` {Z`_ - * {eamoaI o m H$m à`moJ àM{bV ahoJm &
* \w$bñQ>mn° H$mo N>mS‹o >H$a eof {dam_ Am{X {M•m|
H$m à`moJ hmoJm, Omo A§JOo« r _| àM{bV h¢,
`Wm - ( - -- , ; ? & … Am{X )
* nyU© {dam_ Ho$ {bE I‹S>r nmB© (&) H$m à`moJ
{H$`m OmE &
* g§»`mAm| H$m boIZ
qhXr àXoem| _| g§»`mdmMH$ eãXm| Ho$ CÀMmaU Am¡a boIZ _| EH$ê$nVm H$m A^md
{XImB© XoVm h¡ & H|$Ðr` qhXr {ZXoemb` X²dmam g§»`mAm| H$m _mZH$ ê$n {ZåZ àH$ma H$m
ñdrH¥$V {H$`m J`m h¡ -
EH$ N>ã~rg BŠH$mdZ {N>hÎma
Xmo gÎmmB©g ~mdZ gVhÎma
VrZ AQ²>RmB©g {VanZ AR>hÎma
Mma CZVrg Mm¡dZ CZñgr
nm±M Vrg nMnZ Añgr
N>h BH$Vrg N>ßnZ BŠ`mgr
gmV ~Îmrg gÎmmdZ ~`mgr
AmR> V¢Vrg AR>R² >mdZ {Vamgr
Zm¡ Mm¡Vrg CZgmR> Mm¡amgr
Xg n¢Vrg gmR> nMmgr
½`mah N>Îmrg BH$gR> {N>`mgr
~mah g¢Vrg ~mgR> gÎmmgr
Voah A‹S>Vrg {VagR> AR>mgr
Mm¡Xh CZVmbrg Mm¡gR> Zdmgr
n§Ðh Mmbrg n¢gR> Zã~o
gmobh BH$Vmbrg {N>`mgR> BŠ`mZ~o
gÌh ~`m{bg g‹S>gR> ~mZ~o
AR>mah V¢Vmbrg A‹S>gR> {VamZ~o
CÝZrg Mdmbrg CZhÎma Mm¡amZ~o
~rg n¢Vmbrg gÎma {nMmZ~o
BŠH$sg {N>`mbrg BH$hÎma {N>`mZ~o
~mB©g g¢Vmbrg ~hÎma gVmZ~o
VoBg© A‹S>Vmbrg {VhÎma AR>mZ~o
Mm¡~rg CZMmg Mm¡hÎma {ZÝ`mZ~o
nÀMrg nMmg nMhÎma gm¡
* Cgr àH$ma hOma, bmI, H$amoS‹ >, AãO, I~© Am{X boIZ {H$`m OmVm ho¡ &
* AnyUmªH$ boIZ - 1/2 EH$ ~Q>m Xmo ( AmYm)
1/4 EH$ ~Q>m Mma ( Mm¡WmB©)
3/4 VrZ ~Q>m Mma (nm¡Zm)
* Xe_b~ - 0 Xmo Xe_bd, 5 nm±MXe_b~ Am{X &
JwZm (x), O_m (+), Zµ\$s (-) (KQ>mZm), VH$gr_ (•) (^mJmH$ma)
Am{X H$m J{UV Ho$ {bE Cn`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡ &
* Xrnmdbr Ho$ ew^ Adga na AnZo {_Ì H$mo nÌ {b{IE &
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* OÝ_{XZ na AnZr N>mQo >r ~hZ H$mo ew^H$m_ZmnaH$ nÌ {b{IE &
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* Zm¡H$ar Ho$ {bE AmdoXZ nÌ H$m Z_yZm V¡`ma H$s{OE &
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* ^mB© Ho$ {ddmh Ho$ {bE Mma {XZ H$s Nw>Q>² Q>r H$s _m§J H$aZodmbm nÌ V¡`ma
H$s{OE &
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* _¡ZOo a, ñQ>Qo > ~¢H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m, Zm{eH$ H$mo Zm¡H$ar Ho$ {bE nÌ H$m Z_yZm
V¡`ma H$s{OE &
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* qhXr _mZH$ dU©_mbm H$mo àñVwV H$aVo hþE {dam_ {M•m| H$m gmoXmhaU n[aM`
Xr{OE &
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
(I) {Q>ßn{U`m± -
* gm_mÝ` nÌ
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* H$m`m©b`rZ nÌ
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* nÌ-boIZ H$s _hÎdnyU© ~mV|
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* nÌ-boIZ Ho$ {d{dY àH$ma
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* g§`Šw V dU© boIZ nX²Y{V
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* hmB\$Z H$m à`moJ
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* AZwñdma Am¡a M§Ðq~Xþ H$m à`moJ
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* {_Ì Ho$ nÌ _| {H$g g§~moYZnaH$ eãX H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡ ?
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* Zd df©, Xrnmdbr H$s ew^H$m_Zm Ho$ nÌ _| g_mnZ {H$g eãX go {H$`m OmVm
h¡ ?
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* H$m`m©b`rZ nÌ Ho$ Xmo {df` {b{IE ?
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* nÌ H$s g_m{á Ho$ ~mX {H$g ~mV H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡ ?
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* JaXZ, gan H$m ghr ê$n {b{IE &
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
* a Ho$ {d{dY ê$n {b{IE &
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.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
3.4 gmam§e
^md, {dMma Am{X g§àfo U H$m EH$ _hÎdnyU© _mÜ`_ h¡ nÌ & nÌmMma boIZ H$s
{d{dY nX²Y{V`m| H$m kmZ Amdí`H$ h¡ & gm_mÝ`V… nÌ Ho$ à_wI Xmo ôX h¢ & gm_mÝ` nÌ
Ed§ H$m`m©b`rZ nÌ & gm_mÝ` nÌ Ho$ nm[adm[aH$ Ed§ gm_m{OH$ ôX _mZo JE h¡§ & XÿañW
{_Ì, [aíVoXma , gJo-g§~{§ Y`m| H$mo {Z_§ÌU, A{^Z§XZ, ~YmB© Am{X AZoH$ H$maUm| go nÌ
{bIo OmVo h¢ & Cgr àH$ma H$m`m©b`, ñHy$b, _hm{dÚmb`m| _| H$m`©aV H$_©Mmar,
A{YH$mar Nw>QQ² >r, doVZd¥XY² Am{X Ho$ {bE AnZo H$m`m©b` Ho$ _w»` A{YH$mar, _w»`mÜ`mnH$,
àmMm`© H$mo nÌ {bIm OmVm h¡ & {df` Ho$ H$maU nÌ-boIZ H$m ñdê$n ~XbVm h¡ & nÌ
_| g§~moYZ, g_mnZ Ho$ eãX à`moJ na Ü`mZ XoZm Amdí`H$ h¡ &
nÌ-boIZ Ho$ gmW-gmW qhXr ^mfm H$s dV©Zr Ho$ {Z`_m| H$s OmZH$mar go eãX
à`moJ-eãXm| Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo g_PH$a g_w{MV ^mfm-e¡br H$s j_Vm àmá H$s Om gH$Vr
h¡ & _mZH$ qhXr dV©Zr Ho$ g§X^© _| H|$Ðr` qhXr {ZXoemb` H$s {Z`_mdbr na Ü`mZ {X`m
OmE &
3.5 eãXmW©
Xaÿ ñW - Xÿa ahZodmbo
àofH$ - ôOZodmbm (nÌm{X)
ào{fV - {OgH$mo ôOm OmZo dmbm h¡ &
hm{e`m - H$moa, n¥ð> Ho$ Mmam| Amoa H$m {H$Zmam (_.g_mg)
A{^dmXZ - àUm_ H$aZm, Z_ñH$ma
doVZ d¥X²{Y - doVZ _o§ ~‹T>Vr
[aAm`V - ah_, Ny>Q>, ghÿ{b`V
V~mXbm - n[adV©Z,(H$_©Mmar Am{X) EH$ ñWmZ go Xÿgao ñWmZ na
OmZm&
VaŠH$s - nXmoÞ{V, ~‹T>Vr
AmdoXZ - AO©, {ZdoXZ, àmW©Zm
AZwJ¥hrV - CnH¥$V, {Ogna H¥$nm-AZwJh« {H$`m J`m hmo,
_mZH$ - AmXe©, n[a{Z{ð>V
lw{V_ybH$ - gwZZobm`H$

* _mZH$ qhXr dU©_mbm Am¡a A§JOo« r dU©_mbm Ho$ A§Va H$mo g_PmBE &
* ^maVr` A§H$m| H$m qhXr _| ( 1 go 100 VH$ ) boIZ H$s{OE &
* {dXoer Üd{Z`m| Ho$ CXmhaUm| H$s gyMr V¡`ma H$s{OE &
* {dam_ {M•m| H$s CXmhaUmog{hV Vm{bH$m V¡`ma H$s{OE &
* ^rî_ gmhZr H$s "Mr\$ H$s XmdV' H$hmZr nT>H$a gwZmBE &
3.7 g§X^© A{VapŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVHo$§ -

* à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr nÌboIZ Ed§ {Q>ßnU - S>m.° C{_©bm nmQ>rb, AVwb àH$meZ,
H$mZnwa &
* XodZmJar {b{n VWm qhXr dV©Zr H$m _mZH$sH$aU -H|$Ðr` qhXr {ZXoemb`, {X„r &
* qhXr AmboIZ Ed§ {Q>ßnU - Amo_àH$me e_m©, gÝ_mJ© àH$meZ, {X„r &

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esa.vaaya.baI.e.

1.2 {df` - {ddaU

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 3

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 4

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 7

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 8

1.3 ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 11

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 12

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 13

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 15

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 16

2.2 {df` - {ddaU

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 22

2.3 ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 24

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 26

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 28

2.7 A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVH§o$

3.2 {df` - {ddaU

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 30

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 32

3.3 ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 34

3.6 ñdmÜ`m` - joÌr` H$m`©

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 36

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 42

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 43

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 44

5.2 {df` {ddaU

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 49

5.3 ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 52

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 53

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 54

6.2 {df` {ddaU

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 59

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 63

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 64

6.6 ñdmÜ`m` - joÌr` H$m`©

6.7 A{VapŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVHo$§

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 65

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 66

7.2 {df` {ddaU

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 67

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 68

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 69

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 72

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 75

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 76

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 83

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 84

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 85

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 86

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 87

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 94

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 95

9.7 A{VapŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE nwñVHo$§ -

Eg.dm`.~r.E. qhXr gm_mÝ` 97