SECTION 312319 - DEWATERING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and
Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. Section includes construction dewatering.

B. Related Sections:
1. Division 01 Section Construction Progress Documentation for recording preexisting conditions and
dewatering system progress.
2. Division 31 Section "Earth Moving" for excavating, backfilling, site grading, and for site utilities.
3. Division 31 Section "Excavation Support and Protection" for shoring, bracing, and sheet piling of
excavations.
4. Division 33 Section "Subdrainage" for permanent foundation wall, underfloor, and footing drainage.

1.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. Dewatering Performance: Design, furnish, install, test, operate, monitor, and maintain dewatering system
of sufficient scope, size, and capacity to control hydrostatic pressures and to lower, control, remove, and
dispose of ground water and permit excavation and construction to proceed on dry, stable subgrades.
1. Delegated Design: Design dewatering system, including comprehensive engineering analysis by a
qualified professional engineer, using performance requirements and design criteria indicated.
2. Continuously monitor and maintain dewatering operations to ensure erosion control, stability of
excavations and constructed slopes, that excavation does not flood, and that damage to subgrades
and permanent structures is prevented.
3. Prevent surface water from entering excavations by grading, dikes, or other means.
4. Accomplish dewatering without damaging existing buildings, structures, and site improvements
adjacent to excavation.
5. Remove dewatering system when no longer required for construction.

1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Shop Drawings: For dewatering system. Show arrangement, locations, and details of wells and well
points; locations of risers, headers, filters, pumps, power units, and discharge lines; and means of
discharge, control of sediment, and disposal of water.

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 1. Include layouts of piezometers and flow-measuring devices for monitoring performance of
dewatering system.
2. Include a written plan for dewatering operations including control procedures to be adopted if
dewatering problems arise.

B. Delegated-Design Submittal: For dewatering system indicated to comply with performance requirements
and design criteria, including analysis data signed and sealed by the qualified professional engineer
responsible for their preparation.

1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Qualification Data: For qualified Installer, land surveyor and professional engineer.

B. Field quality-control reports.

C. Other Informational Submittals:

1. Photographs: Show existing conditions of adjoining construction and site improvements that might
be misconstrued as damage caused by dewatering operations.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Installer Qualifications: An experienced installer that has specialized in design of dewatering systems and
dewatering work.

B. Regulatory Requirements: Comply with governing EPA notification regulations before beginning
dewatering. Comply with hauling and disposal regulations of authorities having jurisdiction.

C. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site.

1. Review methods and procedures related to dewatering including, but not limited to, the following:
a. Inspection and discussion of condition of site to be dewatered including coordination with
temporary erosion control measures and temporary controls and protections.
b. Geotechnical report.
c. Proposed site clearing and excavations.
d. Existing utilities and subsurface conditions.
e. Coordination for interruption, shutoff, capping, and continuation of utility services.
f. Construction schedule. Verify availability of Installer's personnel, equipment, and facilities
needed to make progress and avoid delays.
g. Testing and monitoring of dewatering system.

1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Interruption of Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt any utility serving facilities occupied by Owner or others
unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after arranging to provide temporary utility
according to requirements indicated:

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 1. Notify Architect or Construction Manager no fewer than 2 (two) days in advance of proposed
interruption of utility.
2. Do not proceed with interruption of utility without Architect’s or Construction Manager’s written
permission.

B. Project-Site Information: A geotechnical report has been prepared for this Project and is available for
information only. The opinions expressed in this report are those of geotechnical engineer and represent
interpretations of subsoil conditions, tests, and results of analyses conducted by geotechnical engineer.
Owner will not be responsible for interpretations or conclusions drawn from this data.
1. Make additional test borings and conduct other exploratory operations necessary for dewatering.
2. The geotechnical report is referenced elsewhere in the Project Manual.

C. Survey Work: Engage a qualified land surveyor or professional engineer to survey adjacent existing
buildings, structures, and site improvements, establishing exact elevations at fixed points to act as
benchmarks. Clearly identify benchmarks and record existing elevations.
1. During dewatering, regularly resurvey benchmarks, maintaining an accurate log of surveyed
elevations for comparison with original elevations. Promptly notify Architect if changes in
elevations occur or if cracks, sags, or other damage is evident in adjacent construction.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement,
lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by dewatering operations.
1. Prevent surface water and subsurface or ground water from entering excavations, from ponding on
prepared subgrades, and from flooding site and surrounding area.
2. Protect subgrades and foundation soils from softening and damage by rain or water accumulation.

B. Install dewatering system to ensure minimum interference with roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent
occupied and used facilities.

1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without
permission from Owner and authorities having jurisdiction. Provide alternate routes around closed
or obstructed traffic ways if required by authorities having jurisdiction.

C. Provide temporary grading to facilitate dewatering and control of surface water.

D. Monitor dewatering systems continuously.

E. Promptly repair damages to adjacent facilities caused by dewatering.

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 F. Protect and maintain temporary erosion and sedimentation controls, which are specified in Division 01
Section "Temporary Facilities and Controls" Division 31 Section "Site Clearing" during dewatering
operations.

3.2 INSTALLATION – Not Applicable

A. Install dewatering system utilizing wells, well points, or similar methods complete with pump equipment,
standby power and pumps, filter material gradation, valves, appurtenances, water disposal, and surface-
water controls.
1. Space well points or wells at intervals required to provide sufficient dewatering.
2. Use filters or other means to prevent pumping of fine sands or silts from the subsurface.

B. Before excavating below ground-water level, place system into operation to lower water to specified levels.
Operate system continuously until drains, sewers, and structures have been constructed and fill materials
have been placed or until dewatering is no longer required.

C. Provide an adequate system to lower and control ground water to permit excavation, construction of
structures, and placement of fill materials on dry subgrades. Install sufficient dewatering equipment to
drain water-bearing strata above and below bottom of foundations, drains, sewers, and other excavations.
1. Do not permit open-sump pumping that leads to loss of fines, soil piping, subgrade softening, and
slope instability.

D. Reduce hydrostatic head in water-bearing strata below subgrade elevations of foundations, drains,
sewers, and other excavations.
1. Maintain piezometric water level a minimum of 600 mm below surface of excavation.

E. Dispose of water removed by dewatering in a manner that avoids endangering public health, property, and
portions of work under construction or completed. Dispose of water and sediment in a manner that avoids
inconvenience to others. Provide sumps, sedimentation tanks, and other flow-control devices as required
by authorities having jurisdiction.

F. Provide standby equipment on site, installed and available for immediate operation, to maintain
dewatering on continuous basis if any part of system becomes inadequate or fails. If dewatering
requirements are not satisfied due to inadequacy or failure of dewatering system, restore damaged
structures and foundation soils at no additional expense to Owner.
1. Remove dewatering system from Project site on completion of dewatering. Plug or fill well holes
with sand or cut off and cap wells a minimum of 900 mm below overlying construction.

G. Damages: Promptly repair damages to adjacent facilities caused by dewatering operations.

3.3 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL – Not Applicable

A. Observation Wells: Provide, take measurements, and maintain at least the minimum number of
observation wells or piezometers indicated; additional observation wells may be required by authorities
having jurisdiction.

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 1. Observe and record daily elevation of ground water and piezometric water levels in observation
wells.
2. Repair or replace, within 24 hours, observation wells that become inactive, damaged, or destroyed.
In areas where observation wells are not functioning properly, suspend construction activities until
reliable observations can be made. Add or remove water from observation-well risers to
demonstrate that observation wells are functioning properly.
3. Fill observation wells, remove piezometers, and fill holes when dewatering is completed.

B. Provide continual observation to ensure that subsurface soils are not being removed by the dewatering
operation.

END OF SECTION 312319

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