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Functions

The document discusses functions in Python. It defines functions as a group of statements that perform a logical task. Functions allow for modularity and reusability of code. There are 4 types of functions: with arguments and return value, with arguments but no return value, without arguments but with return value, and without arguments or return value. The document also covers function components like the header, body, return statement, and call. It discusses different argument types like default, arbitrary, keyword, and non-keyword arguments. Finally, it provides an example of a recursive function.

Uploaded by

SubhAsh Birajdar SB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views

Functions

The document discusses functions in Python. It defines functions as a group of statements that perform a logical task. Functions allow for modularity and reusability of code. There are 4 types of functions: with arguments and return value, with arguments but no return value, without arguments but with return value, and without arguments or return value. The document also covers function components like the header, body, return statement, and call. It discusses different argument types like default, arbitrary, keyword, and non-keyword arguments. Finally, it provides an example of a recursive function.

Uploaded by

SubhAsh Birajdar SB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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venkatesh.mansani@yahoo.

com Naresh i Technologies

Functions
Functions:
A group of statements into a single logical unit is called as function.
Functions are used to perform the task.
Function is not called automatically.
Function body is executed whenever we call the function.
Function can be called any number of times.

Advantages of Functions:
1) Modularity
2) Reusability

Functions are divided into 4 categories:


1) Functions with arguments and with return value.
2) Functions with arguments and without return value.
3) Functions without arguments and with return value.
4) Functions without arguments and without return value.

1) Functions with arguments and with return value:


Syntax:
def function_name(arg1, arg2, …):
Statement1
Statement2
=========
return Statement

Example:
def max(a, b):

Python By Venkatesh Mansani Naresh i Technologies


venkatesh.mansani@yahoo.com Naresh i Technologies

if a>b:
return a
else:
return b
x=max(10, 20)
print(x)

2) Functions with arguments and without return value:


Syntax:
def function_name(arg1, arg2, …):
Statement1
Statement2
=========

Example:
def max(a, b):
if a>b:
print(a)
else:
print(b)
max(10, 20)

3) Functions without arguments and with return value:


Syntax:
def function_name():
Statement1
Statement2

Python By Venkatesh Mansani Naresh i Technologies


venkatesh.mansani@yahoo.com Naresh i Technologies

=========
return Statement

Example:
def max():
a, b = 10, 20
if a>b:
return a
else:
return b
x=max()
print(x)

4) Functions without arguments and without return value:


Syntax:
def function_name():
Statement1
Statement2

Example:
def max():
a, b = 10, 20
if a>b:
print(a)
else:
print(b)
max()

Python By Venkatesh Mansani Naresh i Technologies


venkatesh.mansani@yahoo.com Naresh i Technologies

Function Components:
def add(a, b):
c=a+b
return c
x=add(10, 20)
print(x)
In the above example
def add(a, b): => Function Header
def is a keyword and it is used to define a function, a & b are called formal
arguments or formal parameters.
return c => Return Statement
return is a keyword and it is used to return a value.
x=add(10, 20) => Function Call Statement
10 & 20 are called actual arguments or actual parameters.

Types of arguments:
1) Non Default Arguments
2) Default Arguments
3) Arbitrary Arguments
4) Keyword Arguments
5) Non Keyword Arguments

1) Non Default Arguments


The arguments that are declared without assigning values are called default
arguments.
At the time of calling a function we must pass values to non default arguments.

Example:
def add(a, b):

Python By Venkatesh Mansani Naresh i Technologies


venkatesh.mansani@yahoo.com Naresh i Technologies

c=a+b
print(c)
add(10, 20) => Valid
add() => Error

2) Default Arguments
The arguments that are declared by assigning values in a function header are
called default arguments.
At the time of calling function passing values are optional to default arguments.

Example:
def add(a=10, b=20):
c=a+b
print(c)
add() => Valid
add(30, 40) => Valid

3) Arbitrary Arguments
The arguments that are prefixed with * & ** are called arbitrary arguments.
If the argument prefixed with * is tuple type.
If the argument prefixed with ** is dict type.
It allows to pass 0 to any number of arguments to a function.

Example1:
def add(*a):
print(type(a))
for i in a:
print(i)

Python By Venkatesh Mansani Naresh i Technologies


venkatesh.mansani@yahoo.com Naresh i Technologies

add() => Valid


add(10) => Valid
add(33, 45) => Valid
add(31, 13, 54) => Valid

Example2:
def display(**a):
print(type(a))
for i in a:
print(i, "=>", a[i])
display(x=10, y=20, z=30)

4) Keyword Arguments
The arguments that are passed with assigning to variables are called keyword
arguments.

Example:
def add(a, b):
print(a+b)
add(a=10, b=2) => Valid
add(b=2, a=10) => Valid

5) Non Keyword Arguments


The arguments that are passed without assigning to variables are called non
keyword arguments.

Example:
def add(a, b):
print(a+b)

Python By Venkatesh Mansani Naresh i Technologies


venkatesh.mansani@yahoo.com Naresh i Technologies

add(10, 20)

Recursive Function:
A function that calls itself again and again is called as recursive function.

Example:
def fact(n):
if n==1:
return 1
else:
return n*fact(n-1)
x=fact(5)
print(x)

By

Mr. Venatesh Mansani


Naresh i Technologies

Python By Venkatesh Mansani Naresh i Technologies

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