Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

Chapter 13

1. For thousands of years, humans lived in:

a) interconnected communities
b) global communities
c) national communities
*d) isolated communities

2. The space in which geographically and historically separated peoples come into contact with
each other and establish ongoing relations is a:
a) culture
*b) contact zone
c) subculture
d) subgroup

3. Between the 16th and the 19th centuries in the Euro-American cultures, peoples from other
lands were:
*a) devalued
b) admired
c) mediatized
d) integrated
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

4. Captain James Cook arrived on Hawai’i in 1778 and described the natives as:
a) wise
b) intriguing
*c) savages
d) friendly

5. Said describes the process of labeling non-Western cultures as “underdeveloped” as:

a) diffusion
b) discursive imperialism
c) hegemony
*d) Orientalism

6. Captain Arthur Phillip who arrived in Australia in 1788 had the view of the colonists as:
*a) guests of the Indigenous inhabitants
b) enemies of the Indigenous inhabitants
c) friends of the Indigenous inhabitants
d) masters of the Indigenous inhabitants

7. An example of adopting new practices during cultural exchange is:

a) Captain’s Cook voyage to Hawai’i
b) Captain Arthur Philip’s voyage to Australia
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

*c) Columbus’s voyages to the New World

d) none of the above

8. Some argue that the cultural imperialism of colonialism continues in many ways today
through all EXCEPT:
a) military occupation
b) corporate colonialism
c) media colonialism
*d) nationalism

9. The process by which innovations are spread to members of a social system is known as:
a) adaptation
*b) diffusion
c) opinion leadership
d) redemptive analogy

10. Individuals who are able to informally influence other individuals’ attitudes or overt behavior
in a desired way with relative frequency are:
a) change agents
b) early adopters
c) innovators
*d) opinion leaders
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

11. Individuals who influence innovation decisions in a direction deemed desirable by a change
agency are:
*a) change agents
b) early adopters
c) innovators
d) opinion leaders

12. An ethical consideration in introducing innovations into cultures deals with:

a) antiquarian virtuosity
b) cost
c) religion
*d) unanticipated consequences

13. Rogers moved away from the diffusion model to what he called the:
*a) convergence model
b) participatory model
c) innovation model
d) none of the above

14. The Japanese concept of quality circles is largely derived from whose lectures in Japan?
*a) W. Edward Deming
b) Michael Leahy
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

c) General Douglas MacArthur

d) Everett M. Rogers

15. A cultural icon is:

a) an artifact
*b) a special symbol that tends to be idolized in a culture
c) an object less widely recognized
d) an ordinary object

16. Successful international marketing of U.S. icons requires:

a) a widely recognized and idolized U.S. product
*b) major adaptation of the marketing strategy to the culture
c) major U.S. government support
d) none of the above

17. The most widely recognized U.S. icon worldwide is

*a) Coca Cola
b) Disney
c) McDonald’s
d) Nike
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

18. The fear of the predominant influence that one culture can develop over another is:
a) colonialism
*b) cultural hegemony
c) cultural dependency
d) imperialism

19. The reading “Hamburger Colonialism” demonstrates:

a) convergence
*b) cultural imperialism
c) discursive imperialism
d) opinion leadership

20. Ritzer’s critique of the efficiency model originating in U.S. corporations is a critique of:
a) the McDonaldization of society
*b) the Disneyfication of culture
c) standardization
d) the U.S. Spam food

21. The initiation of contact among previously separated cultures has been the major world event
of past centuries
*a) True
b) False

22. The contact zone is a space in which geographically and historically separated peoples come
into contact with each other and establish ongoing relations.
*a) True
b) False

23. At the time of Columbus, Spain debated the rationality of the Indians.
*a) True
b) False

24. European explorers labeled Hawaiians savages.

*a) True
b) False

25. Discursive imperialism is the process by which innovations are spread to members of a
culture.
a) True
*b) False

26. Cultural studies focus on the ways culture is formed through struggles among ideologies.
*a) True
b) False
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

27. Environmental regulations that undermine the capacity of people to escape poverty are
examples of ecoimperialism.
*a) True
b) False

28. Schiller argues that the unrestricted flow of media from the United States surreptitiously
affects other people’s goals and aspirations.
*a) True
b) False

29. Hegemony refers to special symbols that tend to be idolized in a culture.

a) True
*b) False

30. McDonald’s is the most widely recognized U.S. icon worldwide.

a) True
*b) False

31. Mecca-Cola represents pro-American feelings by imitating the taste of Coca-Cola.

a) True
*b) False

32. Coca-Cola and Barbie dolls have met resistance as new forms of colonialism.
*a) True
b) False

33. EuroDisney was initially successful because it faithfully duplicated the original Disneyland.
a) True
*b) False

34. Marlboro is among the most advertised foreign products in China.

*a) True
b) False

35. Political scientist Daniel Lerner proposed that media helps transition from a traditional to a
modernized country.
*a) True
b) False

36. In the diffusion model, a change agent is the individual able to influence informally other
individuals' attitudes or overt behavior in a desired way.
a) True
*b) False
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

37. Dr. Deming’s reputation in the United States contributed to his success in Japan.
a) True
*b) False

38. In the convergence model, information is shared by individuals who converge over time
toward a greater degree of mutual agreement.
*a) True
b) False

39. Advertising in Spain reflects the country’s masculinity and individualism cultural
dimensions.
a) True
*b) False

40. Gerber Products discovered that food tastes and baby-feeding practices vary little from
country to country.
a) True
*b) False

TYPE: F
41. The dehumanization of Hawaiians into “others” contributed to the near ______________ of
Hawaiian culture.
*a. destruction

TYPE: F
42. In Australia, aborigines were killed and children were forcibly removed from families for
______________ purposes.
*a. assimilation

TYPE: F
43. Throughout history, ideas and technology have ______________ from one culture to
another.
*a. spread

TYPE: F
44. Cultural exchanges have had the intent to help develop the country or ______________ for
purpose of economic gain.
*a. marketing

TYPE: F
45. Some argue that the cultural ______________ of colonialism continues in many ways today.
*a. imperialism

TYPE: F
46. The Niger delta in ______________ is the world capital of oil pollution.
*a. Nigeria
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

TYPE: F
47. Television shows carry cultural messages. For example, contestants on the Ethiopian version
of ______________ were not prepared for the British-American-style put-downs.
*a. American Idol

TYPE: F
48. Media ______________ is the conception that cultures that dominate in media, such as the
U.S., export values through exported TV programs and films.
*a. colonialism

TYPE: F
49. ______________ communication has been focused on such issues as agricultural practices,
family planning, and infant health.
*a. Development

TYPE: F
50. According to the ______________ model, knowledge leads to a change in attitudes, which in
turn leads to practice.
*a. diffusion

TYPE: F
51. ______________ are individuals who are able to influence informally other individuals’
attitudes or overt behavior in a desired way with relative frequency.
*a. Opinion leaders

TYPE: F
52. A ______________ is a person who influences innovation decisions in a direction deemed
desirable by a change agency.
*a. change agent

TYPE: F
53. Adoption categories in the diffusion model include: ______________, early adopters, early
majority, late majority, and laggards.
*a. innovators

TYPE: F
54. A(n) ______________ is a special symbol that tends to be idolized in a culture.
*a. icon

TYPE: F
55. The world’s most powerful brand name in 2010 was ______________.
*a. Coca Cola

TYPE: F
56. In 2004 one billion servings of the Japanese icon ______________ were sold in Mexico.
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

*a. instant ramen

TYPE: F
57. The soft drink ______________ is marketed as a protest to U.S. foreign policy in over 60
countries.
*a. Mecca-Cola

TYPE: F
58. In 2011 Disney began construction of a new park in ______________.
*a. Shanghai

TYPE: F
59. ______________ is the most recognizable international icon of any kind in China.
*a. KFC

TYPE: F
60. De Mooij argues that advertising in Taiwan reflects ______________ values.
*a. traditional Chinese

TYPE: E
61. Define and discuss cultural contact.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
62. Discuss and give examples of colonialism.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
63. Discuss and give examples of cultural exchanges.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
64. Define and give examples of cultural imperialism.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
65. Define and discuss development communication.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
66. Discuss the diffusion model.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
67. Describe and compare roles in the diffusion process.
*a. Answers Vary
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

TYPE: E
68. Describe the characteristics of innovators.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
69. How can diffusion result in positive and negative consequences?
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
70. Discuss the Quality Circles case as an example of the diffusion model.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
71. Give examples of cultures' borrowing and adapting new ideas or technology.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
72. Discuss alternatives proposed to the diffusion model.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
73. Discuss Paolo Freire’s ideas related to the participatory model.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
74. Define and discuss cultural icons.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
75. Give examples of U.S. cultural icons.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
76. Describe and give examples of the successful marketing of U.S. cultural icons.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
77. Define and discuss cultural hegemony and cultural dependency.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
78. Outline Ritzer’s cultural critique of McDonaldization.
*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
Jandt – Introduction to Intercultural Communication, 8e – Instructor Resources – Test Bank

79. Discuss ways to adapt a message to a receiving culture.

*a. Answers Vary

TYPE: E
80. Discuss the relation of advertising styles to Hofstede’s dimensions.
*a. Answers Vary