CFLM 1

TOPIC: CHAPTER I (FILIPINO INFLUENCES TRAITS AND

CHARACTERISTICS)
INTRODUCTION
What is Character?
The term was derived from the Greek word “charassein,” referring to an engraving instrument;
originally used of a mark impressed upon a coin or the mark cut by it. 
It is defined as a psychological notion that refers to all habitual ways of feeling and reacting of a
person that distinguish one individual from another. It is the trademark of being a person.
What is Character Formation?
It is the process by which the individual, through interaction of biologically transmitted
predispositions with the environment, develops stable pattern of functioning, thinking and
feeling. It is also known as Character Building.
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS FOR CHARACTER FORMATION
a. Parental Influence
 is the most important of all the factors responsible for personality development. In
early stage of their human existence, children adapt their parent’s mannerisms.
Parents should be careful in their ways for they establish a great influence to their
children’s character.
b. Home Environment
 Home as cradle of human character and personality largely contribute to the character
formation of a child. Parents are the first educators of the children. It is their parental
guidance and discipline that creates the kind of character, personality and attitude the
child has.
c. School Environment
 plays a major role in shaping a child’s personality. In school he learns how to interact
and deal with his peers. He comes to know how to engage in “playing” according to
the rules and regulations. He gets educated, learns how to read, write and
communicate effectively. The school reinforce the education that the child needs that
home fails to provide.
d. Culture
 Everyone has different character and values because of the different cultures where
everyone is exposed. Influence of culture in personality and social development
cannot be ignored. Those who were born and grown up in western countries are
influenced to be individualistic and competitive, while those children brought up in
Asian, African and South American countries are taught to be cooperative.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FILIPINO CHARACTER FORMATION

 1. Home Environment
2. Social Environment
3. Culture and Language
4. History
5. Educational system
6. Religion
7. Economic environment
8. Political environment
9. Mass media
10. Leadership and role model

DETERMINING CHARACTER OR PERSONALITY TYPES

Five (5) Factors that Determine Character or Personality Traits.
1. Openness
appreciation for variety of experiences.
2. Conscientiousness
planning ahead rather than being spontaneous.
3. Extraversion
being sociable, energetic and talkative.
4. Agreeableness
being kind, sympathetic and happy to help.
5. Neuroticism
inclined to worry or be vulnerable or temperamental.

GENERAL TYPES OF CHARACTERS

1. Positive Character/Good Character/ Positive Trait
 These are attributes such as integrity, honesty, courage, loyalty, fortitude and other
important virtues that promote good behavior and habits.
2. Negative Character/ Negative Trait
 A person’s predisposition to commit evil acts.
3. Neutral Character/ Neutral Trait
 Commonly used to describe a person who doesn’t pick sides in disputes; neutral also
pegs anything that refuses to be bold.

TYPES OF CHARACTERS
1. Self-realized Character
 A person with this types of character is ever enthusiastic for he knows his
potentialities and limitations. This sort of a character is an asset not only to the family
but also the society in which person lives.
2. Covetous Character
 This refers to a jealous or acquisitive character. It is held that, persons with greed will
endeavor to go all out in collecting worldly possessions and fulfilling his personal
petty ambitions by adopting any means open to him even crossing all the limits of
moral and ethical limits.
 3. Superstitious Character
 A type of Character were persons rely on superstitions. It is not merely bad for the
individual concerned but also for those who come in contact with this unpredictable
person, who may change his tag any moment thus leaving everybody around in the
lurch. Too much reliance on superstitions also robs us of scientific temper and
forward looking approach in our life.
4. Egoistic/Overbearing/ Bossy/ Tall-Talker
 A kind of person who thinks that world runs due to him and everything and
everybody should respect him as such. This sort of egocentric character is the bane of
any society, irrespective of their status in the society.
5. Anti-social Character
 A person who neither cares for the norms set by the society nor cares for the moral or
ethical values is an ant i-social character. He could also be termed as an
OFFENSIVE CHARACTER.
6. Insincere Character
 Refers to the person who thinks others is there for serving him and is without any
warmth in the feeling for others.
7. Complacent Character
 Refers to a person showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one’s
achievements. A person who imbibes this trait finally faces ignoble defeat for being
so and learns a lesson.

TOPIC: THE SIX (6) PILLARS OF GOOD CHARACTER

THE SIX (6) PILLARS OF GOOD CHARACTER

1. TRUSTWORTHINESS
 This is the pillar of good character that is considered the most complicated of the six
core ethical values and concerns a variety of qualities like honesty, integrity,
reliability and loyalty.
a. Honesty
 There is no more fundamental ethical value than honesty. A person of good character
must be a person of honesty in both communications and conduct. Honesty in
communications is expressing the truth as best we know it and not conveying it in a
way likely to mislead or deceive.

 DIMENSIONS OF HONESTY
1. Truthfulness
  Presenting the facts to the best of our knowledge. Take note that, intent is the crucial
distinction between truthfulness and truth itself. Being wrong is not the same thing as
lying, although honest mistakes can still damage trust insofar as they may show
sloppy judgment.
2. Sincerity
 One must observe genuineness, being without trickery or duplicity for it precludes all
acts, including half-truths, out-of-context statements, and even silence, that are
intended to create beliefs or leave impressions that are intended to create beliefs or
leave impressions that are untrue or misleading.
3. Candor
 In relationships involving legitimate expectations of trust, honesty may also require
candor, forthrightness and frankness, imposing the obligations to volunteer
information that another person needs to know.
4. Integrity
 Persons of integrity are those who acts according to his beliefs, not according to
expediency. The person of integrity takes time for self-reflection, so that the events,
crises and seeming necessities of the day do not determine the course of his moral
life. He stays in control. He may be courteous, even charming, but he is never
duplicitous or unfaithful.
5. Reliability (Promise-keeping)
 Reliable persons are those who keep their promises for he believes that doing so
create legitimate basis for another person to rely on him, and that he undertakes
special moral duties. They accept the responsibility of making all reasonable efforts
to fulfill their commitments. 

CONSIDERATION TO MAINTAIN RELIABILITY

1. Avoid Bad-Faith Excuses
2. Avoid Unwise Commitments
3. Avoid Unclear Commitments

b. Loyalty
 is a responsibility that each one should develop and maintain to promote the interests
of certain people, organizations or affiliations. To be trusted one must be loyal to his
or husband or wife, friends, employer, employee, organization, citizen and country.

2. RESPECT
 The Golden Rule in Human Relation, “Do unto others as you would have them do
unto you”, perfectly illustrates “respect”. When respect is observed we would prevent
and pre-empt violence, humiliation, manipulation and exploitation. It reflects notions
such as civility, courtesy, decency, dignity, autonomy, tolerance and acceptance.

QUALITIES OF A RESPECTFUL PERSON

1. Ability to Listen
2. Treats Others with Consideration
3. Capable of accepting Individual differences and Beliefs

3.RESPONSIBILITY
- It is understood that life is full of choices and everyone has its own judgment and
decisions to take in life. Being responsible means to take charge and be accountable of the
consequences of what we think and do. Our capacity to reason and our freedom to choose
make us morally autonomous and, therefore, answerable for whether we honor or degrade the
ethical principles that give life meaning and purpose.

QUALITIES OF A RESPONSIBLE PERSON

a. Sense of Accountability
b. Pursuit of Excellence
c. Self-Restraint

4. FAIRNESS
 This pillar of good character involves issues of equality, impartiality, proportionality,
openness and due process. 
5. CARING
 it is the heart of ethics, and ethical decision-making. It is scarcely possible to be truly
ethical and yet unconcerned with the welfare of others. The highest form of caring is
the honest expression of benevolence, or altruism.
6. CITIZENSHIP
 This pillar of good character includes civic virtues and duties that prescribe how we
ought to behave as part of a community. The good citizen knows the laws and obeys
them. He volunteers and stays informed on the issues of the day, the better to execute
his duties and privileges as a member of a self-governing democratic society.
CHARACTERISTICS TRAITS

1. Alertness 26. Hospitality

2. Attentiveness 27. Humility
3. Availability 28. Initiative
4. Benevolence 29. Joyfulness
5. Boldness 30. Justice
6. Cautiousness 31. Loyalty
7. Compassion 32. Meekness
8. Contentment 33. Obedience
9. Creativity 34. Orderliness
10. Decisiveness 35. Patience
11. Deference 36. Persuasiveness
12. Dependability 37. Punctuality
13. Determination 38. Resourcefulness
14. Diligence 39. Responsibility
15. Discernment 40. Security
16. Discretion 41. Self-Control
17. Endurance 42. Sensitivity
18. Enthusiasm 43. Sincerity
19. Faith 44. Thoroughness
20. Flexibility 45. Thriftiness
21. Forgiveness 46. Tolerance
22. Generosity 47. Truthfulness
23. Gentleness 48. Virtue
24. Gratefulness 49. Wisdom
25. Honor

TOPIC: CHAPTER I
FILIPINO INFLUENCES TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS
The Philippines is a meeting point for cultures from all over Asia and the Pacific because it has
been a crossroads between east and west and the merging of cultures reflects the country’s
culture and its people. It comes from various ethno-linguistic groups that are native to the islands
or migrants from various Asia-Pacific regions, Filipinos are the people who are naturally born to
or recognized with Philippine country.

THE MOST WELL-KNOWN TRAITS AND ATTITUDES OF THE FILIPINO

POSITIVE TRAITS
 1. Hospitality
 is a trait displayed by every Filipino, characterized by heart-warming generosity and
friendliness exhibited to foreigners and locals alike. 
 Filipinos are well-known for being hospitable. This is one of the most popular
qualities of Filipinos. Most foreigners who have gone to the Philippines fell in love
with the warm hospitality they have experienced while staying in the country.
2. Respect
 This is often observed-not by younger people- but also by people of all ages. In the
Philippines, respect for one’s elders is a tradition.
a. Po and Opo- These words are spoken by the Filipinos when talking to elders or in order
to show respect to persons in authority. These Filipino words mean “yes”, when
answering or talking to the elders.
b. Pagmamano- Another way of showing respect to the elders when greeting them. This is
done by putting their elders’ hands on their foreheads.
c. Filipinos also show respect at work by making a bow to their employers.
3. Strong Family Ties and Religions
 Filipinos value their families so much that they tend to keep families intact through
the generations. Families go to church and pray together because their religion is
important and creates a strong bond, marking God as the center of their lives.
4. Generosity and Helpfulness
 Filipinos are also well-known for being generous. They share what they have to the
people around them even when they only have little.
5. Strong Work Ethics
 Another good thing most Filipinos have is being hardworking people. They are
always willing to work almost the whole day to provide the needs of their families.
Filipino farmers though earning so little but they work harder with not much
compensation.

6. Loving and Caring

 It is expressed by both foreigners and Filipino women that most Filipino men are so
sweet and romantic when it comes to love. They will send their beloved flowers,
bring her to a very romantic place, text her sweet quotes and tell often how special
she is to them. Filipino women are also romantic and very caring, which often makes
some foreigners want to marry them.

NEGATIVE TRAITS OF FILIPINOS

1. Fatalism (“Bahala Na” or “Come What May” Attitude)
 A trait were Filipinos have that strong confidence without doing anything. Filipinos
often accepts bad news or circumstances without trying to stop or change them.
Filipinos have a tendency to surrender the future to luck. An attitude of “What Goes
Around Comes Around”.
2. Mañana Habit (Procrastination)
 True blooded Filipinos have the attitude of causing delays in accomplishing things or
making transactions. A trait when a person is not interested or not in the mood, they
wait or reserve until tomorrow or the next day to finish what they are doing or
 meeting their transactions. The “bahala na” attitude is the outcome of the “manana
habit” when the tasks are left undone. This is usually shown and even expressed by
people who do not care much of what lies ahead and just leave everything in fate.
3. Crab Mentality
 This is an attitude of some Filipinos where they tend to push each other down to clear
the way for their own gain. Filipino people with this kind of mentality or attitude try
their best to ruin each other, either by making issues against the other for him to turn
out bad to the public or to the company or organization so that people will gradually
put distance and loss their confidence and trust that eventually result to their
replacement.
4. Hypocrisy
 This is a trait of the Filipino where criticisms to other’s failure to live with the moral
standards of the society are inevitable. In the Philippines morality is highly valued,
most of us try to live up to the standards set by the traditional society.
5. Ningas Cogon
 Most Filipinos are very good at the start when doing something. Nevertheless, after a
few hours or days. that excitement to do or accomplish something is lost we and
become too lazy to finish what were have started.
6. Tardiness (Filipino Time)
 Only in the Philippines that we have the so-called “Filipino time” but not only exactly
referring to the Philippine standard time, but then again we use it to refer to the
“tardiness” of the persons that we are waiting or who keeps on coming late to the set
time schedule of events.
7. Gossiping
 Filipinos are fond of talking about others’ business. It is not true that only women are
into gossiping. Even men can also be nosy on other people’s lives. Secrets are
brought out; failures and flaws are emphasized; and relationships are destroyed.
Worse, as gossips are passed around, they tend to be twisted until the final story
becomes too far from the original- thus, causing more damage.
8. Blaming
 Filipinos can sometimes be too self-righteous. When mistakes happen, we do not
want to take the blame, we lack humility to accept our failures, and instead we point
at others. This shows how irresponsible we are on our actions. This attitude destroys
team work, and reliability becomes an issue.
9. Selfishness (being insensitive of others)
 Most Filipinos are insensitive to the needs and situations of others. This could be an
outcome of having too many problems that Filipinos are facing and the tendency is to
focus on their own needs first before others.

10. Disobedience to Simple Rules and Instructions

 Some Filipinos, despite of the understanding of the purpose of laws and ordinances
have inability to observe and follow them. Consequently, crime victimization and
accident rate in the Philippines are constantly rising, poverty is getting more rampant
and lifestyle development is relaxed.
11. Attention Taker
  Filipinos are fun and people loving race. Thus, attracting attention is natural for them.
Nevertheless, it is a different thing to be an “epal” or “kapalmuks” simply, being an
attention grabber.

12. Being onion-skinned or too sensitive

 Another habit or attitude that we need to change is our being too proud which usually
results to being oversensitive.
13. Living beyond their means (social climbing)
 One of the reasons why a lot of Filipinos live in poverty is because of overspending.
Since most people want to live an elite lifestyle, many resort to social climbing or
living beyond their means.
14. Passivity (lack of leadership)
 Filipinos’ lack of initiative for change is also one reason why our country does not
progress. We keep on complaining against the government and other societal issues.
Common Filipinos also lack courage and confidence, lack of faith that our small
actions can bring change.
15. Other Negative Traits
 Some Filipino women give birth at an early age 16 (Teenage Pregnancy). Some just
don’t mind their own business. Some have many bad habits, like drinking, smoking,
etc. Some poor teenagers engage in prostitution. There are many broken families. A
lot of bad words to choose from which Filipinos just can’t avoid saying those. Most
Filipinos tend to be with friends most of the time than to be with their parents.

TOPIC: FILIPINO CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY

FILIPINO VALUES ORIENTATION
NATIONALISM

FILIPINO CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY

Three Main Traits underscoring Filipino Values
1. Personalism
 Filipinos valued interpersonal relationships. It is firmly believed that harmonious
personal relationships are the key to successful endeavours. Amicable settlement of
dispute is the primary means of restoring broken relationships and face-to-face open
forum is considered once conflict is recognized in an organization or the community.
2. Familialism
 Filipinos are family-oriented. Development programs and projects in the community
are concentrated on the family. Decision on matters is centered on the welfare and
best interest of the family rather than on the betterment and interest of some
individuals. The mistakes committed by a family member affects the credibility and
of the immediate members of the family and relatives.
3. Particularism
 Displayed behavior by the individuals may be good or bad and is blamed against the
family. It is based on the principle that home is the cradle of human personality and
 that the product of goodness is always good to those who are moulded in wickedness,
will always show-off badness. Individuals strive to promote their own and their
family’s interests over community interests.

FILIPINO VALUES ORIENTATION

Values Orientation
It is the approach that may influence work or social relationships by persons relating
to objects, events and ideas.

THREE MAIN OBLIGATIONS UNDERLYING FILIPINO VALUES ORIENTATION

The relational of face-to-face interactions and their resulting responsibilities are called
interpersonal obligations. This is in relation to the value in Filipino cultural orientation, the
personalism. Pakikiramay, pakikisama, bayanihan, and galang are the nature of interpersonal
relationships that are inherent to the pure-blooded Filipino people.
1. Pakikiramay
  It is in the Filipino value of going out of the way to help, without being asked, i.e.,
unsolicited help.
2. Pakikisama (Smooth Interpersonal Relations)
 Regardless whether someone’s views are agreeable or not, Filipinos are capable of
getting along with it. Camaraderie, trust, confidence, and loyalty are enhanced and
developed by this Filipino value.
3. Bayanihan
 As mentioned in the preceding topics, Filipinos are able to render services and are
generous enough to extend help without compensation. Somebody can request help in
time of need from those to whom it is extended.
4. Galang (Respect)
 Filipinos are basically oriented to revere to the opinions of elders, peers, or those in
authority, during important discussions during social encounters. Verbal clash or any
sign of extreme familiarity in public meetings is a sign of disrespect to elders or
persons in authority.

NATIONALISM
 It is an ideology and movement defined by promoting the interests of a particular
nation, in particular with the aim of acquiring and maintaining the nation’s
sovereignty over its country of origin. Nationalism claims that each nation should
regulate itself, free from outside intervention, that a nation is a natural and ideal
political basis, and that the nation is the only legitimate source of political authority
(Finlayson, 2014).

TYPES OF NATIONALISM
1. Ethnic Nationalism (Ethnonationalism)
 The country is described from prior generations in terms of ethnicity and descent. It
also involves the concept of a shared culture among group members, and generally a
shared language. The word “ethnonationalism” is usually used only in relations to
nationalists who support an explicit ideology along these lines; the more generic word
is “ethnic nationalism” and is used by nationalists who hold such views in an
informal, instinctive, or unsystematic manner.
 The pejorative type of both is “ethnocentric nationalism” or “tribal nationalism”,
although “tribal nationalism” may have a non-pejorative significance when debating
African, Native American or other nationalisms that publicly claim a tribal identity.

2. Civic Nationalism (Civil Nationalism)

 The state derives political legitimacy from its citizens ‘active involvement and the
extent to which it reflects the “will of the individuals.” Civic nationalism lies within
the traditions of rationalism and liberalism, but it is contrasted with ethnic
nationalism as a type of nationalism.
 Civic nation membership is regarded to be voluntary. The growth of representative
democracy in nations such as a United States and France was affected by civil-
national values.

3. Expansionist Nationalism
 A radical form of imperialism that includes independent, patriotic feelings with a
faith in expansionism, generally through military aggression. The word was coined in
the late 19 century as European powers indulged in the ‘Scramble for Africa ‘in the
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name of domestic glory, but was most closely linked with militarist governments in
the 20 century, including Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, the Japanese Empire, and the
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Balkan nations of Albania (Great Albania), Bulgaria (Greater Bulgaria), Croatia

(Greater Croatia), Hungary.
4. Romantic Nationalism
 It is otherwise known as organic nationalism and identity nationalism. Is the form of
ethnic nationalism in which the state derives political legitimacy as a result and
expression of the nation’s nature. It is based on the presence of historical ethnic
culture that meets the romantic ideal. It expressed Romanticism’s values and opposed
the rationalism of Enlightenment. A historical ethnic by romantic nationalism,
folklore evolved as a romantic nationalist notion.
5. Cultural Nationalism
 The country is described by shared culture, not solely civic or ethnic. Chinese
nationalism is an instance of cultural nationalism, partially due to China’s many
national minorities. Membership in the nation is neither completely voluntary nor
hereditary.
6. Third World Nationalism
 Nationalist feelings are the outcome of opposition to colonial rule to survive and
maintain a domestic identity.
7. Liberal Nationalism
 It is a kind of nationalism lately defended by political philosophers who think that a
non-xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with liberal values of liberty,
tolerance, equality and individual rights can exist. It is asserted that in order to lead
meaningful, independent life, people need a national identity and those liberal
democracies need domestic identity to work correctly.
 Liberal nationalists often defend the importance of domestic identity by stating that
people need a domestic identity to work correctly. Ernest Renan, author of “Qu’est-
ce qu’une nation? and John Stuart Mill are often thought to be early liberal
nationalists.
8. Religious Nationalism
 Nationalism’s connection to a specific religious faith, church, or affiliation. It can be
seen that a shared religion contributes to a sense of domestic unity and a mutual bond
between the nation’s people. This connection can be divided into two dimensions;
religion’s politicization and religion’s converse effects on politics. In the former
aspect, it can be seen that a shared religion contributes to a sense of domestic unity; a
common bond between the nation’s people. The support of a national identity,
comparable to shared ethnicity, language or culture, is another political element of
religion. 
9. Pan- Nationalism 
 Ethnic or cultural nationalism refers to a country that is itself a cluster of associated
ethnic and cultural communities (such as Turkish peoples).
10. Diaspora Nationalism
 It is an ethnic population residing outside their traditional homelands. In this type of
nationalism, there traditional homelands. In this type of nationalism, there is a
nationalist sense, e.g. the Irish in the United States, the Jews in the United States and
elsewhere, etc. 
11. Stateless Nationalism
 On the basis (e.g. the Catalans and Basques in Spain) an ethnic or cultural minority
within a nation-state aims for independence.
12. National Conservatism
 On nationalist basis (e.g. the Catalans and Basques in Spain) an ethnic or cultural
minority within a nation-state aims for independence.

13. Revolutionary Nationalism

 It is an ideological theory that calls for a domestic group united by a shared sense of
intent and destiny, also known as radical nationalism. It was first ascribed and
strongly promulgated by Benito Mussolini to followers of revolutionary syndicalism.
In France and Italy at the start of the 20 century, this intellectual synthesis of “radical
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nationalism and dissident society” was created.

14. Left- Wing Nationalism
 Left-wing nationalism, also sometimes referred to as socialist nationalism, relates to
any political movement combining left-wing or socialism with nationalism. Notable
examples include the 26 July Movement of Fidel Castro, which launched the Cuban
 Revolution in 1959 to oust the American-backed Fulgencio Batista, Ireland’s Sinn
Fein, Israel’s Labor Zionism and the African National Congress.

TOPIC: PATRIOTISM

PATRIOTISM OR NATIONAL PRIDE

 It is a sense of love, dedication and attachment to a country and an alliance with other
people who share the same impression. This attachment can be a mixture of many
distinct emotions, including ethnic, cultural, political or historical elements, related to
one’s own country. It is a predominant virtue linked to a nation’s love, with greater
emphasis on values and beliefs.
 The English word patriot is first known in the Elizabethan period; it originated from
Latin (6 century)
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patriota via Middle French, meaning “countryman,” finally from Greek (patriotes),
meaning “from the nation” (patris), meaning “fatherland” (Liddell & Scott, 2013).
The abstract noun patriotism appears in the early 18 century.
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KINDS OF PATRIOTISM

1. Patriotism of Duty
 This includes fidelity to one’s nation through material acts. This is military service
patriotism and other selfless sacrifice types. This is where patriotism becomes
embodied and its ideals take praiseworthy particular actions.
2. Patriotism of Affection
 This is the patriotism of the heart. It is about one’s internal desire for his country’s
well-being. The patriotism of affection can be seen in the patriotism of duty, but it
does not necessarily result in it; one can be truly love his country and yet be a coward,
just as one can theoretically fulfill a patriotic duty and yet feel apathetic about the
country’s welfare.
3. Patriotism of Manners
 This is customs patriotism, written and unwritten. The patriotism of manners is to
place one’s hand over the heart during the national anthem. It can be performed by
anyone without actually needing affection or duty patriotism. 

TYPES OF PATRIOTISM
1. Personal Patriotism
 It emotional and voluntary.
 The patriot adheres to certain patriotic values, such as respect for the flag or the
honoring of veterans. Other expressions of personal patriotism include enlisting in the
 army, public service, and participation in the political process through voting or other
forms of activism.
2. Official Patriotism
 Promoted by the government which has a high symbolic and ceremonial content. It is
a logical consequence of the state itself, which derives legitimacy from being the
expression of the common good of the political community.
 National monuments, and veterans’ days and commemoration ceremonies are typical
examples.
 Official patriotism relies heavily on symbolic acts, such as displaying the flag,
singing the national anthem, saying a pledge, participating in a mass rally, placing a
patriotic bumper sticker on one’s vehicle, or any other way of publicly proclaiming
allegiance to the state.

3. Symbolic Patriotism
 In wartime is intended to raise morale, in turn contributing to the war effort.

4. Peacetime Patriotism
 Cannot be so easily linked to a measureable gain for the state, but the patriot does not
see it as inferior.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM

Patriotism feelings are based on the country’s positive values- like liberty, justice, and equality.
The patriot thinks that both their country’s state system and individuals are inherently good and
working together to achieve a better quality of life. On the other hand, nationalism emotions are
based on the belief that one’s nation is superior to all others. It also holds a connotation of other
countries ‘distrust or disapproval, leading to the premise that other states are competitors. While
patriots do not degrade other countries automatically, nationalists do, sometimes to the point of
calling for the global dominance of their country. Nationalism is the polar opposite of globalism
by its protectionist beliefs. 

TOPIC: FILIPINO NATIONALISM

“Nationalism is nourished by a sense of history. It is of its essence to know profoundly the past,
so that we may be in complete openness with the men who made that history and in intimate
communion with their thoughts, their deeds and their deeds and their noble lives.”
Claro M. Recto Jr.
Filipino nationalism started in the Philippines in the 1800s with an upsurge of patriotic feelings
and nationalistic ideals resulting from more than two decades of Spanish rule. This served as the
backbone of, and continues to this day, the first nationalist revolution in Asia, the Philippine
Revolution of 1896 (Joaqs, 1990). These nationalistic feelings have resulted to a comprehensive
campaign in the Philippines for political, social and economic liberty.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
The Philippines had been split into various principalities known as “barangays” in the years
before the 11 century, a name originating from Malayan ships called “balangays”. Datus, rajahs
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or sultans governed these tiny political units (Halili, 2004). In 1565, when Spanish explorer
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived from Mexico and established the first European colonies in
Cebu, European colonization started in earnest.
Starting with only five ships and five hundred men accompanied by Augustinian monks and
further strengthened by two hundred soldiers in 1567, he was able to repel competing Portuguese
colonizers and lay the foundations for the Spanish occupied the kingdoms of Manila and Tondo
in 1571 and founded Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies (Kurlansky, 1999). This
Spanish colonization united the archipelago of the Philippines into one political unit.
THE BEGINNING OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM 
Originally, the word “Filipino criollos.” The Spanish leaders described the natives as
Indians during their 333-year rule over the Philippines (Royeca, 2012). The Spaniards born in the
Philippines, more known as insulators, criollos, or creoles, were also called “Filipinos'' during
the colonial era as well. Spanish-born Spaniards or Philippine-based continental Spaniards were
referred to as Peninsular. Those of blended heritage have been called Mestizos. Despite being
considered inferior by the Peninsulars, the Creoles had enjoyed numerous roles of state and
church, and composed most of the bureaucracy of government. The feeling of domestic
awareness originated from the Creoles, who now consider themselves “Filipino”. Three
significant factors, economy, education, and parish secularization brought it to its emergence.
These factors led to the Filipino Nationalism’s birth. The Philippines ‘opening to global or world
Europe’s liberal thoughts were just a few instances of how the Philippines became a stable
nation. “The first manifestation of Philippine nationalism followed in the carried out both in
Spain and in the Philippines with the aim of “propagandizing” the circumstances of the
Philippines in the hopes that the social, political and financial life of the Philippines would be
changed by peaceful means (History of the Philippine Revolution”, 2015).
OTHER CONCEPTS OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

Nationalism is the secular identification and engagement of our people with the Filipino nation
and domestic community, the Philippines as our country and homeland. It involves pride in our
heroes, pride in our flags, national anthem and other symbols of our nationhood; national pride
and dignity inspired by the willingness to serve our nation alone and with dedication, and to
sacrifice for it, if necessary, with our own lives.
It is a tool of change and reform; it aims our moral and spiritual regeneration, our liberation from
ignorance, bigotry (intolerance towards those who hold distinct views of themselves),
parochialism (narrow-mindedness), feudalism (a system in which higher-ranking individuals
gave land and protection and worked and fought for them in exchange); colonial mentality (the
internalized attitude of people’s racial or cultural inferiority as a consequence of colonization),
bribery and distorted elitism (an elite’s advocacy or presence as a dominant component in a
scheme or community). In other words, as Filipinos, it has a powerful national identity and a
high-minded intent.

FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY BASED IN PART ON OUR INDIGENOUS VALUES

a. Pagsasarili (self-reliance)
b. Pakikisama (equitable sharing and partnership)
c. Pagkabayani (patriotism)
d. Pagkakaisa (national unity, national consensus and discipline),
e. Pakikitungo (consideration)
f. Pakikipagkapwa-Tao (human solidarity based first of all on developing our nation),
g. Pagkakapantay- Pantay (equality and equity).

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

Filipinos had already shown their own way of nationalism in the Spanish-colonial period. Some
fought with their pens and tongues, while others used their arms and weapons authority.
Everyone had their own way of showing our country their love and respect. Some even died and
were able to get back our country’s freedom that we enjoy nowadays. But have we ever noticed
how some Filipinos demonstrate their feeling of nationalism nowadays? You could read some
thoughts in this portion about how some Filipinos show our nation their nationalism.
To show our sense of Filipino nationalism, everyone must: WORK – ACT – PARTICIPATE –
RESPECT – STAND PROUD – LOVE. 
Let us work on our own. Act today, and participate in the government. Respect everyone
including others’ raise. Stand proud for who you are. Love everyone as how you expect they
would love you back.
1. Respect the Philippine Flag and Value Filipino Identity
2. Be Productive
3. Be aware of the Issue in our Country
4. Stand Proud for Every Achievement
5. Patronize and Support our own products
6. Preserve the Filipino culture
7. Respect Everyone and value our traditions
8. Speak out our own language
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country
10. Love our family, our neighbors, and our countrymen

PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF NATIONALISM

Symbols are very, very important to people in quite a lot of countries, especially if these symbols
are related to a sense of nationalism. The officially recognized national symbols of the
Philippines are:
1. The Philippine Flag
  with red, white, and blue colors and a yellow sun representing the provinces of the
country.
2. Coat of Arms of the Philippines
 also featuring the yellow sun with 8 rays depicting the original provinces in the
Philippines.
3. Lupang Hinirang (Chosen Land)
 The Philippine National Anthem
4. Sampaguita (Jasminum Sambac)
 The national flower of the Philippines; symbolizing purity and simplicity, the flower
is small, white and pleasantly fragrant.
5. Narra (Pterocarpus)
 The national tree of the Philippines; also known as Rosewood, it is strong, sturdy, and
durable – a common rainforest tree.
6. Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)
 The Philippine national bird. It is acknowledged to be severely endangered. The
Philippine Eagle is protected by law in the country and there is extreme punishment
for any harm done to them. 
7. Dr. Jose P. Rizal 
 The National Hero of the Philippines.
8. Cariñosa or Tinikling 
 The Philippine national dance. Gracefulness is symbolized by this dance.
9. Carabao (water buffalo) 
 The Philippine national animal. It symbolizes industriousness and hard work due to
its use on many farms in the country.
10. Bangus (milk fish)
 The Philippine’s national fish. It symbolizes versatility because of the many ways in
which it can be cooked.
11. Mango 
 The national fruit. Philippine mangoes are considered the sweetest fruit in the world.
12. Barong 
 The Philippine national costume or clothing style for men – (untucked shirt of thin
fabric displaying Chinese, Indo-malayan tropical and Hindu influence) for Women:
Baro’t Saya (skirt and blouse with no collar)
13. “Bayan Ko” and “Pilipinas Kong Mahal” 
 are the Philippine national songs.
14. Arnis 
 The Philippine national sport (stick fighting)
15. Anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia)
 The Philippine national plant. This plant is often used as a hat, umbrella or fan
symbolizing the Filipino’s resourcefulness.
16. Nipa Hut 
 The Philippine National house is typically a small bamboo house with a thatched
roof.
TOPIC: IMPORTANT DATES, EVENTS AND PERSON IN THE RISE OF FILIPINO
NATIONALISM 

The opening of the Philippines to World Commerce 

In 1834, Manila was officially part of the World Commerce after reviewing different economic
policies 1834 – 1873. This is the period of the development of agriculture in the country
because foreigners shared their agriculture ideas. Various ports opened in 1860 in Cebu and in
1873 in Tacloban.Consequently, strong financial activity in the colony was stimulated that made
the lives of the Filipinos prosperous. Modern farming techniques were introduced and the
means of transportation and communication were that financial advancement boosted tobacco,
sugar and abaca manufacturing.

How Some Filipino Become Illustrados?

The middle class or the “Illustrados” were the educated Filipinos who, by writing essays,
article novels or publication in a news journal called “La Solidaridad,” campaigned for reform
in the colony in a peaceful way. They were made up of the “principalia” or those belonging to
the Spanish or Chinese mestizos indigenous to Filipino or upper class. Their families were
“inquilinos” who leased property to the friars. Agricultural production evolved during
Philippine’s opening to world trade, which led them to become rich. They were able to improve
their social status and send their children to European schools. They later clamored for reforms
and equality, and their children became propaganda movement members.

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Suez Canal’s opening shortened the distance between the Philippines and Spain. This paved the
way for liberalism to enter the nation. Europe brought liberal concepts such as equality, freedom
and brotherhood and the establishment of the Spanish Republic; more Spaniards came to our
nation and imparted liberal thoughts to the Philippines. They carried liberal books and
magazines with them. Not only in Manila, but also in the province that occupied positions in
municipal government, the amount of Spaniards is increasing. With only a concern to improve
material wealth and gain social prestige by gaining authority in society more friars are
increasing. Colonizers keep the Filipinos tightly protected.

Secularization Movement

The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the Spanish friar was one of the effects of
Europe’s spreading of liberal ideas.
Two Types of Priest:
1. Regular Priest or Friars Curates – They belong to specific religious orders like
Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustinians, Franciscans, and Recollects. Only Spanish priests
could be regular priests.
2. Secular Priest or Parish Priest – These priests were not religious orders and were
under the archbishop’s oversight.
1565
 Religious orders took control of the parishes in the Philippine these are the
Augustinian, Recollects, Dominican, and Franciscans.
Council of Trent
 It was stated that the Secular priest should control the parishes related to deacons and
the priests who are not monastics or members of a religious institute. But few secular
priests are accessible because some of them have been sent to America.
Father Pedro Pelaez (1862)
 Exposed the discrimination of Filipino clergy and the racial and nation conflict with
the Friars.

19 Century – Majority of the Filipino Priests were qualified as Secular Priest.

th

Gov. General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Navacerrada

 He was the one who boosted and inspired the Secularization movement and led a
Liberal Regime in Spain.

Rafael De Laquierdo (1870-73)

 A Governor-General of the Spanish Republic who is an autocratic and oppressive
ruler; replaced Gov. Dela Torre. He Boasted that he ruled with a crucifix in one hand
and a sword in the other.  He decided to restore old order and repealed the exemption
of the Filipino’s Polo y Servicio (force labor of Filipino men in 1850) and tribute
(tax) that the Cavite workers had been enjoying.

January 20, 1872

 Two hundred Filipino troops and employees, led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid, who
took control of the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, mutinied against Spaniards. Gov.
Izquierdo sent troops forthwith to quench the rebellion. The ring leaders were
murdered and prosecuted by La Madrid, accusing the GOMBURZA as the
Rebellion’s mastermind.

Francisco Zaldua
 A Bicolano soldier who testified against the GOMBURZA.

February 17, 1872

 The day of execution of the 3 priests at Luneta (Bagumbayan)

GOMBURZA (The Three Martyrs)

a. Father Mariano Gomez
  A Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite who held the most senior position of the three as
Archbishop’s Vicar in Cavite. He was truly nationalistic and accepted the death
penalty calmly as though it were his penance for being pro-Filipinos.
b. Father Jose Burgos
 was of Spanish descent, born in the Philippines. He was a parish priest of the Manila
Cathedral and had been known to be close to the liberal Governor General de la
Torre. He was 35 years old at the time and was active and outspoken in advocating
the Filipinization of the clergy. He wrote to defend the seculars and was known to
weep like a child.

c. Father Jacinto Zamora

 was also Spanish, born in the Philippines. He was the parish priest of Marikina and
was known to be unfriendly to and would not countenance any arrogance or
authoritative behavior from Spaniards coming from Spain. He once snubbed a
Spanish governor who came to visit Marikina. 

ISSUES ON THE THREE PRIESTS

1. Fr. Gomez
 Participated in secularization but no longer active in 1872 and he was already more
than 80 years old.
2. Fr. Burgos
 Involved in the issue of secularization.
3. Fr. Zamora
 Victim of mistaken identity since the warrant of arrest was addressed to a certain Jose
Zamora, a known critic of Spanish Government at that time.

GOMBURZA Execution
The parishes were assigned to regular priests because of the death of secular priests in the 19th

century. The Spaniards wanted the secular priests to be silenced. Thus, Father Jose Burgos,
Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora- were executed in February 17, 1872 by Garrote after being
implicated as master minds in Cavite Mutiny. At the death of the three priests the crowd paid
respect when they removed their hats and knelt down. The bells rang all over the city upon the
order of Archbishop Melito Martinez.
Garrote
 Is an execution technique previously practiced in Spain where a tightened iron collar
is used to strangle or break a convicted person’s neck. It is said to be the form of
execution performed to the three priests.

THE IMPORTANCE OF 1872, GOMBURZA EXECUTION

It is considered as the beginning of Filipino Nationalism in the Philippine history because the
three priests were innocent yet accepted the brutal punishment for the nation. 
PROGANDA MOVEMENT OR REFORM MOVEMENT
Also known as Junta De Propaganda, Cuerpo de Compromisarios and La Solidaridad, was
founded in 19 century by the Illustrados, to improve the lives of low Indios thru reforms or
th

changes implemented in the colony. The founders were Dr. Pedro Paterno and Gregorio
Sanciangco, Doctors of law who laid the foundation of the movement in Madrid.
Propaganda
Refers to the systematic efforts to spread opinion and beliefs by means of pen and tongue;
literally means the propagation of a given opinion.
Propagandists or Reformists
These were the Filipino reformers who fled the country to escape persecution in 1872. They
didn’t have the intention of achieving social changes through armed struggle and revolution
rather they campaigned for reform or change by way of writing. They advocated reform by
writing books, pamphlets and newspapers. They were popularly known as Illustrados
(Intellectuals) in Spain, England and France.

The Goals of Propaganda Movement 

1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain
2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes (legislative branch in Spanish government)
3. Equality between Spaniards and Filipino
4. Secularization or granting Filipino priests the right to hold parishes.
5. Gaining freedom of speech, expression and assembly.

Major Causes for the Establishment of the Propaganda Movement

The following causes the creation of the Propaganda Movement:
1. Emergence of Middle Class
2. The Liberal Administration of Gov. General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Navacerrada
3. Execution of GOMBURZA
4. Resulted to the deportation of patriotic Filipinos
TOPIC: THREE LEADING REFORMISTS IN 19 CENTURY TH

THREE LEADING REFORMISTS IN 19 CENTURY TH

1. Dr. Jose P. Rizal

2. Graciano Lopez Jaena
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar

DR. JOSE P. RIZAL

 Regardless as the conscience of the movement and the most prolific writer among the
Propagandists. His pen names are Dimasalang and Laong laan, commonly known and
acclaimed as the “Father of Philippine Nationalism” due to his intellectual and
idealistic support for Philippine Independence. 
 He was born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba Laguna. At the age of 3, he learned his
alphabet, at the age of 8, he wrote a poem entitled “Sa Aking mga Kabata'' (To my
fellow children) a poem that talks about love for one’s language. At the age of 9, he
was sent to private tutor Don Justiniano Aquino Cruz. In 1872, changed his family
name from Mercado to Rizal because Mercado was closely identified to Fr. Burgos
who was executed by Spanish Authorities. In 1877, he graduated with a Bachelor of
Arts in Ateneo, Municipa. He enrolled in University of Sto. Tomas, took up medicine
while taking up agrimensura (surveying) in Ateneo. Rizal’s poem A la juventud
Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) won the first prize in a literacy contest sponsored by
Licero Literario-Artisticio.
 The Councils of the God only won 2 prize after the judge learned that it was written
nd

by Filipino. In 1882, he sailed for Spain without the knowledge of his parents and
finished medicine in Universidad Central de Madrid in June 1885. Filipinas Dentro
De Cien Anos (The Philippine Century Hence) his written essay, where he showed
how the ancient civilization of Filipinos was ruined by the Spaniards. Sa mga
Kababaihan ng Malolos (The Young women of Malolos) He commended the 20
women of Malolos who bravely disobeyed their parish priest by establishing a night
school where they could learn the Spanish language.
 He wrote Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) a novel about social reality in the
Philippines in the 19th century. In February 1888, he was forced to leave Manila, he
went to Hongkong, Japan, Macau, US and England causing him to learn numerous
languages. On July 3, 1892 he founded the La Liga Filipina in Tondo Manila, to
foster cooperation among Filipinos, to help each other in times of need, to promote
education and agriculture. In 1892 to 1896, Rizal spent his life as an exiled in
Dapitan. He became a teacher to little boys, he built artesian well for a more effective
irrigation system, and he served as a doctor, and met Josephine Bracken. He was
requested to go to Cuba to serve as military doctor, but he was arrested for allegedly
being connected with the revolution which broke out in the Philippines in 1896. He
was imprisoned at Fort Santiago for sedition, rebellion and illegal association. On
 December 30, 1896, he was executed in Bagumbayan (Luneta). His last poem given
to his sister Mi Ultimo Adios, secretly hid inside the cocinilla de alcohol (cooking
lamp).
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
 He was regarded as the greatest journalist of the Reform Movement. Born on August
30, 1850 in San Nicholas, Bulacan. He used his grandmother’s surname based on
Gov. General Narciso Claverias decree in 1849- “Filipinos should adopt a Spanish
Surname.
 He studied Latin in Manila, and successfully obtained the degree in Bachelor of Arts
at Colegio de San Jose. He took up law at University of Sto. Tomas but unable to
finish it because he was suspended when he inquired about the increase in baptismal
fee. He was also imprisoned for 30 days for this offense. He married his second
cousin Marciana del Pilar where they have 7 children but only 2 survived, Sofia and
Anita. He was passionate in his campaign against frailocracy. He delivered speeches
in baptismal, fiestas and even in cockpit arenas to expose the abuses of the friars and
the injustices his family experienced from them.

 He was a Journalist who mastered the use of satire (the use of humor, irony,
exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices,
particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues). He was
the co-founder of the first bilingual newspaper in the Philippines. “Diariong Tagalog”
where he published his nationalistic article including the Tagalog translation of Jose
Rizal’s “El Amor Patrio”. His other writings were:

a. Caingat Cayo- He defended the Noli Me Tangere of Jose Rizal.

b. Dasalan at Toksohan- Collection of revised Catholic Prayers where he exposed
the true nature of the friars.
c. He changes Ama Namin to Amain Namin, Aba Ginoong Maria into Aba Ginoong
Barya.
d. Sampung Utos ng Diyos to Sampung utos ng Prayle.
e. Pasiong Dapat Ipag-alab nang Puso ng taong babasa.
f. La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas (Monastic Supremacy in the Philippines)
g. La Frailocracia Filipina (The Frailocracy in the Philippines)

 Marcelo H. Del Pilar was the brother-in-law of Deodato Arellano, a propagandist and
first president of the Katipunan. He organized the 1 political group in the Philippines
st

known as the “Junta de propaganda.” His pseudonyms are, Dolores Manapat, Piping
dilat, V. Garcia and Plaridel.

GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

 He was born in Jaro, Iloilo on Dec. 18, 1856. His parents encourage him to become a
priest. However, Graciano wanted to become a doctor. He left the seminary and
 enrolled in the School of Medicine in University of Sto. Tomas but due to financial
difficulties he wasn’t able to finish his medical degree and was forced to go back in
Iloilo. He started the campaign for freedom in 1847 by writing “Fray Botod” (La hija
de fraile) means “Big – Bellied Friar”. In his work he revealed the gluttony, indolence
and greediness of friars as represented by Fray Botod.
 He went to Negros Occidental to avoid arrest in 1880, and then he went to Valencia
Spain and continues his medical degree but later shifted to journalism in Madrid.
Graciano was a former staff of LOS DOS MUNDO – News organ in Iloilo and was
acclaimed as the “Prince of the Filipino Orators” and the great orator of the Reform
Movement. His pen name was Diego Laura and he founded the La Solidaridad
(Solidarity) which became the mouthpiece of the propaganda. In Madrid, he wrote
articles campaigning for reforms in the Philippines. He became a member of the
freemasonry and founded a masonic lodge for Filipinos in 1889.

OTHER FILIPINO REFORMISTS

DR. PEDRO PATERNO
A doctor of law who wrote the novel entitled “Ninay” the 1 Filipino Novel that shows the
st

Filipino’s developed culture.

ANTONIO LUNA 
Some of his works are Noche Buena, a biographical sketch that depicts the actual life in the
Philippines. La Maestra de mi pueblo describes defects of the educational system for women. His
pen name was Taga-ilog.
ANDRES BONIFACIO
Known to be “Supremo of Katipunan” was one of the founders of Katipunan. He wrote poem,
letters, essays and dialogue while his writing are:
a. Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa – wherein he discussed the importance of loving
motherland.
b. Katapusanf Hibik ng Pilipinas sa Inang Espanya.
c. Ang Dapat Mabatid ng Tagalog – explained how Philippines entered an era of darkness
under the Spaniards
d. He explained in the essay the meaning of the word Tagalog – it did not only refer to a
particular ethnic group but to all inhabitants who lived near bodies of water (tags-ilog).
Everybody should be rightfully called Tagalog.
His pseudonym was Agapito Bagumbayan. He prepared a Decalogue to serve as guide for
Katipuneros “Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan” but later adopted the “Kartilla ng
Katipunan” of Emilio Jacinto.
EMILIO JACINTO
Regarded as the “Brain of the Katipunan''. Born on Dec. 15, 1875 in Torzo, Manila. He took up
Bachelor of Arts from the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He took up law at the University of
Sto. Tomas but he was not able to finish it because of revolution. He joined Katipunan in 1894
under the name of Pingkian. He wrote Kartilla ng Katipunan that served as a moral and ethical
guide for Katipuneros. His other works are Liwanag at Dilim and La Patria.He became an editor
in chief of Kalayaan, an official newspaper of Katipunan. He was assigned to rescue Rizal while
waiting the ship going to Cuba but Rizal refused to be rescued. He fought with cazaderos or
Spanish riflemen in Maimpis, Magdalena Laguna, where he was wounded on the knee. He died
due to alaria on April 6, 1899 in Sta Cruz Laguna.
THE FOUNDING AND RELEVANCE OF KATIPUNAN
The reform movement’s failure paves the way for a movement that advocated armed struggle to
achieve liberty.
KKK (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or
Katipunan).
This was founded on July 7, 1892, the same day that news about Rizal’s exile to Dapitan.
Deodato Arellano was the first President of Katipunero followed by Roman-Basa then by Andres
Bonifacio. The KKK members were divided when it increased to more than one hundred
Katipon, Kawal, Bayani. Each category has its own password and members undergo blood
compact.
KATIPUNEROS
refers to the sons of the people, used the triangle method to recruit members, where every
member should recruit two new members who would only know each other after passing the
initiation rites.

TOPIC: FILIPINO CORE VALUES

BASIC CONCEPT OF VALUES

Core values are a person's or organization's fundamental beliefs. These guiding principles dictate
conduct and can assist individuals to know the distinction between right and wrong. It also
assists organizations by establishing an unwavering guide to determine if they are on the correct
track and fulfil their objectives. Values are essential because they assist us to grow. They assist
us build the future that we want to experience.
Hundreds of choices are made every day by every Person and every organization. The choices
we make reflect our values and beliefs and are always aimed at a Particular purpose. That aim is
our person or collective (Organizational) needs to be satisfied. When we make choices using our
values, we create a conscious decision to Concentrate on what matters to us. They create inner
cohesion within a group when values are shared.
FILIPINO VALUES SYSTEM
Race strains and cultural components such as Aeta have derived Filipino values. Indonesians,
Malayan, Hindu and Chinese who created our moral scruples core. Cultural individuality
combined with Spain-derived cultural components. The U.S. and the contemporary planetary
society (Panopio and Rolda. 2000). You can find Filipinos in almost every part of the globe. We
rejoice at the sight of other co-Filipinos when we're in a foreign nation as if there's something
that connects us. Sometimes, if we don't know a person's nationality, but he or she looks like a
Filipino, we often ask, "Filipino ka ba?" And we are happy when he or she answered "yes."
However, if someone fails to satisfy our expectations in the manner they answer questions or in
the manner they act, we say in frustration, "kapwa Filipino pa naman."
Landa Jocano, a famous sociologist says that "there are no negative Filipino values, only the
wrong use of values". Values slowly alter, but it depends on how powerful families are to
preserve, promote and pass on our cultural values from one generation to the next.
Here in the Philippines, values are really importance and should be respected. As we grow of our
parents shaped us different values. From the we are born. Pagkalinga, pag-aaruga, at pakialam
(Care) were given by them. This value shapes our real Filipino culture, showing that we are
conscious of others.
The Filipino value system relates to the set of values or the value system that has historically
been held by a majority of Filipinos in their life. This System of Philippine values involves the
distinctive combination of coherent ideologies, moral codes, ethical procedures cultural etiquette
and private values promoted by the Philippine society. However, as with any culture, the values
held sacred by any person may vary on the grounds of religion, education, and other variables.

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF FILIPINO VALUES

For the most part, Filipino values are focused on social harmony, mainly driven by a group's
preserving to be accepted. The primary sanction from these values are "Hiya" ideas,
approximately translated as "a sense of shame," amore proper" and or "self-esteem." Social
approval, group recognition, and group membership are significant issues. Caring for what others
believe, say or do is a powerful influence on Filipinos social behavior.
The Filipino philosophy is basically “non-dualistic” according to anthropologist Leonardo
Mercado. He concludes, based on his linguistic analysis of Filipino value terms such as “loob”
(Cebuano buot), that Filipinos desire harmony, not only in interpersonal relationships, but also
with nature and religion, while remaining non-dichotomous. The Filipino wants to harmonize the
object and the subject while keeping both as distinct at the same time.
MODELS OF THE FILIPINO VALUES
1. Exogenous Model or the Foreign Model
 A “legal” and “formal” model is defined as the international model. Filipinos from
Western cultures, particularly from the Spaniards and the Americans, inherited the
foreign model. An example of foreign or exogenous impact is the bureaucracy
displayed in the Philippine government.
2. Indigenous Model or the Traditional Model
 It is described as a “traditional and non-formal” model or guide, the indigenous model
is deeply integrated in the Filipinos ‘subconscious.

STRUCTURES AND ELEMENTS OF FILIPINO VALUES

The Filipino value system is known to possess significant key components based on research,
surveys, observations, anecdotes and other literatures developed by scholars and researchers in
relation to Filipino social values or core values, together with the Filipino character or identity of
a person or individual known as the Filipino.
One may notice how Hiya (ownership/ dignity), Pakikisama (companionship/ esteem), and
Utang Na Loob (gratitude/ solidarity) are simply Surface Values readily seen and appreciated by
many Filipinos. These three values are deemed branches of a single origin Filipino Personality's
real core value — Kapwa.
It implies' totality,' referring to society, or not doing stuff alone. Ibang Tao (other people) and
Hindi Ibang Tao (no other people) are two types of Kapwa. The Surface Values spin off the Core
Value through Pakikiramdam's Pivotal Aspect or mutual internal perception ("feeling for
someone else").
The values of the Filipinos specifically uphold the following elements: family unit solidarity,
security of the Philippine economy, orientation towards small-groups, personalism, the concepts
of “loob” or “kalooban” (meaning “what’s inside the self,” the “inner self” or the “actual
personal feelings of the self”), existence and maintenance of smooth interpersonal relationships,
and the sense of the self.
In a broader image, these values are categorized into particular cluster or “macroclusters”:
1. Cluster of Relationships
2. Social Cluster
3. Cluster of Livelihoods
4. Cluster of Inwardness
5. Cluster of Optimism

TOPIC: FILIPINO CORE VALUES

THE FIVE CORE FILIPINO VALUES

Based on Dr. Ramirez’s study “The Filipino Worldview and Values” and her perspectives as a
phenomenological sociologist from centuries of practice, here are the Five Core Filipino Values
based on a Filipino’s Basic Aspirations.
1. Mapagpasalamat
2. Matatag
3. Masigasig
4. Mapagmalasakit
5. Magalang

THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CORE VALUES

Being a noble profession the police service demands from its members specialized understanding
and abilities, as well as great standard of ethics and morality.
The members of the Philippine National Police must therefore conform to and internalize the key
principles of:
 Love of God
 Respect for Authority
 Respect for women
 Respect for sanctity of marriage
 Stewardship over material things
 Responsible dominion
 Truthfulness
The Police service in the Philippines is expressed in the acronym SERVICE. The acronym
SERVICE stands for:
SERVANT HOOD
 As police affirm its unconditional service and love for the nation and individuals,
police value a supportive and professional role serves and protects its clientele and
community with honesty, utmost devotion and commitment above private concern.
EXCELLENCE
 Police are committed in doing and making things occur effectively and efficiently in
all of their efforts as they strive to accomplish more consistently and outstandingly
with tangible outcomes and far beyond their best.

RESPONSIBILITY WITH ACCOUNTABILITY

Police carry out execute their responsibilities and tasks as their mortal duty is to serve

the public with due diligence and always bearing in mind that they are accountable
and duty bound to promote the public interest.
VALUING PEOPLE AND RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
 Police always maintain their fellow human beings’ dignity whenever they cater their
needs and are delicate and cautious in serving and protecting them with compassion
and utmost regard for their human rights.
  INTEGRITY
Police take an uncompromising and coherent position in the fulfillment of their

obligation to live an honest, upright and dignified life according to the highest ethical
and moral norms where their advocacy, values and convictions are compatible with
their words and actions.
COURAGE
From their moral strength police draw their collective and individual power of

approach to always accept difficult duties, and they are courageous enough to speak
out against temptation, anomalies, corruption and exploitation and stand firm.
EMPOWERMENT
 Police reach out and create bridges of collaboration, nurture volunteerism and operate
in harmony with their clientele by training individuals for a better and safer society in
the process.
TOPIC: RELATED PHILIPPINE LAWS THAT PROMOTES NATIONALISM AND
PATRIOTISM

1. Republic Act. No. 10086

 An act strengthening people’s nationalism through Philippine history by changing the
nomenclature of the National Historical Institute into the National Historical
Commission of the Philippines, strengthening its powers and functions, and for other
purposes; also known as the Philippine Cultural Heritage Act of 2010.
2. Republic Act 8044
 Also known as the Youth in Nation-Building Act; an act creating the National Youth
Commission, establishing a National Comprehensive and Coordinated Program on
Youth Development, Appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes.
3. Republic Act No. 1425
 An act to include in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges and
universities courses on the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal, particularly his
novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and
distribution thereof, and for other purposes.
4. The 1987 Constitution
5. Republic Act No. 10390
  An act amending republic act no. 7306 entitled “an act providing for the
establishment of the people’s television network, incorporated, defining its powers
and functions, providing for its sources of funding and for other purposes; also known
as “An Act Revitalizing the People’s Television Network Incorporated”.
6. Republic Act No. 9512
 Approved last December 12, 2008; also known as an act to promote environmental
awareness through environmental education and for other purposes or the National
Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008.

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

Philippine Commission on Women defined Gender and Development as the development
perspective and process that is participatory and empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from
violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination and actualization of human
potentials.
Gender and Development (GAD) approach focuses on the socially constructed basis of
difference between men or women and emphasizes the need to challenge existing gender roles
and relations.
GAD was developed in the 1980’s as an alternative to the Women and Development (WID)
approach. Unlike WID, the GAD approach is not concerned specifically with women, but with
the way in which a society assigns with women, but with the way in which a society assigns
roles, responsibilities and expectations to both women and men. GAD applies gender analysis to
uncover the ways in which men and women work together presenting results in neutral terms of
economics and efficiency.
GAD focuses on the principle that development is for all. Everyone in society, female or male,
has the right to equal opportunities to achieve a full and satisfying life. 
It does not define the following:
1. Not a war of the sexes
2. Not anti-Male
3. Both women and men are victims although women more than men
4. Both have a stake in the struggle for gender equality

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT RELATED LAWS AND ISSUANCES IN THE

PHILIPPINES
Philippine Plan for Gender and Development, 1995-2025
 National Plan that addresses provides and pursues full equality and development for
men and women. Approved and adopted by former President Fidel V. Ramos as
Executive No. 273, on September 8, 1995, it is the successor of the Philippine
Development Plan for Women, 1989-1992 adopted by Executive No. 348 of February
17, 1989.
Republic Act No. 9710 (Magna Carta of Women)
Approved on August 14, 2009, which mandates for non-discriminatory and pro-

gender equality and equity measures to enable women’s participation in the
formulation, implementation and evaluation of policies and plan for national, regional
and local development.
Memorandum Circular No. 2011-01 dated October 21, 2011
 Addressing to all Government Departments including their attached agencies, offices,
bureaus, State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), Government-Owned and Controlled
Corporations (GOCCs) and all other government instrumentalities as their guidelines
and procedures for the establishment, strengthening and institutionalization of the
Gender and Development (GAD) Focal Point System (GFPS).
Republic Act 7877 (Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995).
 It is an “Act Declaring Sexual Harassment Unlawful in the Employment, Education
or Training Environment, and for other purposes” was approved on February 14,
1995 and became effective on March 5, 1995.
Republic Act 9262 (Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004).
 It protects the family and its members particularly women and children from violence
and threats to their persona safety and security.
Republic Act 7192 (Women in Development and Nation Building Act)
  The Act provides guidance and measures that will mobilize and enhance participation
of women in the development process in ways equal to that of men.

Memorandum Circular No. 48 Series of 2013

 Directing all concerned government agencies to adopt the Gender Equality Guidelines
in the development of their respective Media Policies and Implementing Programs in
order to promote gender mainstreaming.

Republic Act 10354

 The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 or the RH Law. It
is a law in the Philippines, which guarantees universal access to methods of
contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care.

1987 Philippine Constitution (Article II Sec. 14)

 The State recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall promote the
Fundamental Equality before the law of women and men.