Entrepreneurship assignment

Indian Business Groups(IBSs)

-Romika Dhingra

-B.com 3rd year

-183046

Indian economy is one of the biggest economies-5th as per Nominal GDP in the world and one of
the fastest growing economies too. The reform policies introduced after 1991 removed many
economic restrictions and the license raj that was imposed during 1950-1990 which made it
harder for the business groups to grow and expand. After 1991 there was a substantial growth in
business conglomerates all over the county and which lead to an increase in investment
throughout the country. Corporate India has come a long way since the government opened up
the Indian markets for global competition in 1991 and they have played an important role in the
development of the Indian economy by filling the gaps from sluggish markets and institutions.
All through this change, one feature of Indian economy, has remained unchanged - the
dominance of family-owned enterprises. Fifteen of the top 20 business groups in 2016 are
family-owned. Together, they controlled nearly Rs 26 lakh crore.

Today i will be elucidating on 5 conglomerates and business groups in India and talking about
their history and current state and position.

1. ADANI GROUP
Adani was founded in 1988 and is an Indian multinational conglomerate company headquartered
in Ahmedabad, Gujarat and it started as a commodity trading firm by its current chairman and
CEO-Gautam Adani. The company began trading coal in 1999 and began coal trading in 1999
and ventured into the market for edible oil under the Fortune brand. They operate the real estate
sector through their subsidiary Adani Infrastructure and Developers Pvt Ltd. Adani Enterprises
Ltd was incorporated in the year 1993 with the name Adani Exports Ltd. Initially the company
started as a partnership firm in 1988 and attained joint stock company status in the year 1993.
The Adani Group commenced as a commodity trading firm in 1988 and diversified into the
import and export of multi-basket commodities
Adani's wealth has increased to $30.4 billion this year, making him the 40th richest person in the
world.

 Adani is the world's ninth-biggest wealth creator, ahead of Steve Ballmer, Larry Page and Bill
Gates.

And Gautam Adani is now the 10th richest in the world according to Bloomberg
Billionaire Index.
The group currently holds a portfolio of companies which include the energy, resources,
logistics, agribusiness, real estate, financial services, defense, and aerospace sectors. Today the
group holds one of the largest electric companies in India i.e. Adani Green and is India’s largest
port developer and operator.

The Adani Enterprises-Mining is the only mining company in the list of top 50 organizations that
has bagged the India's Great Place to Work certification two years in a row.] AEL is an incubator
for infrastructure companies. All of the below listed companies have been demerged from AEL
once they stabilized revenues with a stable business model. AEL's current incubation portfolio
includes - Mining Services, Integrated Coal Management, Airports, Road, Rail / Metro, Water,
Data Center, Solar Mfg, & Defense.

Its listed companies include and net worth-

Adani Enterprises Limited- 32046 cr

Adani Ports & SEZ Limited- 72,704 cr
Adani Power Limited- 14,425 cr
Adani Transmission Limited- 28370 cr
Adani Green Energy Limited- 104,101 cr
Adani Gas Limited- 21,215 cr
Adani Power emerged as India's largest private power producer in 2014

In 2013 the company begins integrated coal MDO operations in India with access to coal
reserves of over 3 billion tonnes. In 2014 the company and Posco agree to build rail line in
Australia. In 2015 Adani signs MoU with Australia's Woodside Energy for Energy Cooperation.

On 22 December 2017, the Adani Group acquired the power arm of Reliance Infrastructure
for ₹188 billion (equivalent to ₹210 billion or US$3.0 billion in 2019)

2.Aditya Birla Group

Birla’s are one of the most popular names in the business world in India and Aditya Birla Group
is one of the biggest Conglomerates in India. The group was founded by Seth Shiv Narayan Birla
in 1857 and currently headed by Kumar Mangalam Birla as its chairman. The group operates in
Branded Apparels, Fashion, Textiles, Cement, Carbon Black, Metals, Chemicals, Telecom,
Financial Services, and more. The multinational conglomerate with its headquarters in Mumbai
India. The company operates in 40 countries and has got interests in metals, viscose staple fiber,
viscose filament yarn, carbon black, insulators, fertilizers, telecom, financial services, IT
services, BPO, Textile, retail, mining and wind power, etc. It is the largest cement producer as
well as the largest telecom service provider in India.It operates in 34 countries with more than
120,000 employees. Kumar Mangalam Birla is currently the Chairman of the Aditya Birla
Group. He chairs the Boards of all of the Group's major companies in India and globally. The
group had a revenue of approximately ₹3,42,930 crore (US$48.3 billion) in 2019.

Its subsidiaries and Net worth are

1.UltraTech Cement- 42,772 cr

2.Grasim Industries -78591 cr

3.Aditya Birla Captial-₹3,42,930 cr

4,.Vodaphone Idea-45,996 cr

5.Hindaclo Industries-130,592 cr

6. Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Limited (ABFRL)- ₹8,787 crore

7. Domsjö Fabriker

3. Reliance Industries Ltd
This conglomerate company was founded as Reliance commercial corp. 60 years ago by
Dhirubhai Ambani. The company was partitioned after Dhirubhai Ambani’s death between his
two sons. Hence came Reliance Industries headed by Mukesh Ambani. The company owns oil,
petrochemical, textile, natural resource, banking, and telecommunication enterprises throughout
India. RIL is currently one of the most profitable and largest publicly-traded companies in
India. The company has an MCAP of over Rs. 15 lac crore. RIL is currently the only Indian
company ranking in the top 100 in the Forbes 2000 [2020] list. Reliance continues to be India's
largest exporter, accounting for 8% of India's total merchandise exports with a value of
₹1,47,755 crore and access to markets in 108 countries.[9] Reliance is responsible for almost 5%
of the government of India's total revenues from customs and excise duty. It is also the highest
income tax payer in the private sector in India.

Subsidiaries
Jio Platforms Limited-It is essentially a technology company, is a majority-owned subsidiary
of RIL. It is the result of a corporate restructuring announced in October 2019, This new
subsidiary holds all the digital business assets including Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd, which in
turn holds the Jio connectivity business - Mobile, broadband and enterprise and also the other
digital assets (JIO Apps, Tech backbone and Investments in other tech entities like Haptic,
Hathaway and Den Networks among others.
Reliance Retail- It is the retail business wing of the Reliance Industries. In March 2013, it had
1466 stores in India. It is the largest retailer in India. Many brands like Reliance Fresh, Reliance
Footprint, Reliance Time Out, Reliance Digital, Reliance Wellness, Reliance Trends, Reliance
AutoZone, Reliance Super, Reliance Mart, Reliance Store, Reliance Home Kitchens, Reliance
Market (Cash n Carry) and Reliance Jewel come under the Reliance Retail brand.
Reliance Life Sciences works around medical, plant and industrial biotechnology opportunities.
It specializes in manufacturing, branding, and marketing Reliance Industries' products in bio-
pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals, clinical research services, regenerative medicine, molecular
medicine, novel therapeutics, biofuels, plant biotechnology, and industrial biotechnology sectors
of the medical business industry.
Reliance Logistics is a single-window company selling transportation, distribution,
warehousing, logistics, and supply chain-related products. Reliance Logistics is an asset based
company with its own fleet and infrastructure. It provides logistics services to Reliance group
companies and outsiders.
Reliance Solar-the solar energy subsidiary of Reliance, was established to produce and retail
solar energy systems primarily to remote and rural areas. It offers a range of products based on
solar energy: solar lanterns, home lighting systems, street lighting systems, water
purification systems, refrigeration systems and solar air conditioners Merged content from
Reliance Solar to here.
Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited (RIIL) is an associate company of RIL. RIL holds
45.43% of total shares of RIIL. It was incorporated in September 1988 as Chembur Patalganga
Pipelines Limited, with the main objective being to build and operate cross-country pipelines for
transporting petroleum products. The company's name was subsequently changed to CPPL
Limited in September 1992, and thereafter to its present name, Reliance Industrial Infrastructure
Limited, in March 1994.]
Network 18, a mass media company. It has interests in television, digital platforms, publication,
mobile apps, and films. It also operates two joint ventures, namely Viacom 18 and History
TV18 with Viacom and A+E Networks respectively. It also have acquired ETV Network and
since renamed its channels under the Colors TV brand.

4. Infosys Limited
It is an Indian multinational corporation that provides business consulting, information
technology and outsourcing services. The company is headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka,
India. Infosys is the second-largest Indian IT company after Tata Consultancy Services by 2017
revenue figures and the 596th largest public company in the world based on revenue. On 29
March 2019, its revenue was $46.52 billion. Infosys was established by seven engineers
in Pune, Maharashtra, India with an initial capital of $250 in 1981. It was registered as Infosys
Consultants Private Limited on 2 July 1981. Infosys had a total of 243,454 employees at the end
of December 2019, out of which 37.8% were women. Since its establishment in 1981 till 2014,
the CEOs of Infosys were its promoters, with N.R. Narayana Murthy leading the company. Salil
S.Parekh is currently the CEO of Infosys Ltd

Its subsidiaries include-

EdgeVerve
Infosys BPM

Panaya

Infosys Consultancy

Skytree ltd

Infosys Information Platform (IIP)

Noah Consultancy

skava

Infosys has 82 sales and marketing offices and 123 development centres across the world as of
31 March 2018, with major presence in India, United States, China, Australia, Japan, Middle
East and Europe.

5. Tata Group
Tata Group is an Indian conglomerate giant founded in 1868 by Jamsetji Tata. The conglomerate
is owned by Tata and Sons and is currently run by Natarajan Chandrasekaran.

However, it is Ratan Tata’s legacy of 21-years tenure that is admired by many.  During his
tenure revenues grew over 40 times and profit over 50 times. Under him Tata acquired Tetley
and Tata Motors acquired Jaguar Land Rover. Tata group has companies present in automobile,
airline, chemical, defense, FMCG, electric utility, Finance, home appliance, hospitals, IT, retail,
eCommerce, steel, industries, etc.

Its biggest companies include TCS [over 9 lac crore] and ITC [over 2 lac crore]. Both the
companies made it to the Forbes 2000 list ranked 374 and 806 respectively. ITC is currently
India’s largest employer with over 4.4 lakh employees.

Tata Group of Companies has many affiliates. These affiliates function in almost all sectors. This
section lists the Tata companies and details their business:
Tata Chemicals
Advinus Therapeutics
Rallis India
Tata Pigments Limited
FMCG
Casa Décor
 Tata Ceramics
Tata Consumer Products, second-largest global manufacturer of tea.
Himalayan, mineral water brand
Tata Tea
Tetley
Tata Starbucks-a 50:50 joint venture company
Tata Zoya
Titan Industries
Fastrack, youth fashion brand
Titan Eye Plus (Titan Eye+), Titan Industries optical stores
Tanishq
Retail and E-commerce
Infiniti Retail
Tata cliq luxury as a shopping of luxury brands
Starquik as an online grocery store by Tata Enterprise
Energy
Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company
Powerlinks Transmission
Tata Petrodyne
Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd (formerly known as North Delhi Power Ltd)
Tata Power Trading
Engineering
TAL Manufacturing Solutions
Tata Advanced Materials
Tata AutoComp Systems Limited (TACO)
Tata Cummins
Tata Motors,
 Jaguar Land Rover 
 Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle
 Tata Marcopolo
 Tata Motors European Technical Centre
Tata Precision Industries
Tata Projects
TRF
Voltas Global Engineering Centre
TitanX
Information systems and communications
 Nelco Ltd. (national radio and electronics company)
 Tata Communications
 Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, one of world's largest IT services companies
 Tata Business Support Services
 Tata Teleservices
o Tata Sky
o Tatanet, managed connectivity and VSAT service provider

Services
 Drive India Enterprise Solutions
 Mjunction Services Limited
 Tata NYK
Airlines
 Air Asia India joint venture with Air Asia
 Vistara joint venture with Singapore Airlines
Hotels
The Indian Hotels Company
amã Stays & Trails
SeleQtions
Roots Corporation
Ginger Hotels
Taj Hotels
Vivanta By Taj
Taj Holidays
The Gateway Hotels & Resorts
Financial services
 Indicash ATM
 e-Nxt Financials Ltd.
 TATA AIA Life Insurance
 TATA AIG General Insurance
 Tata Capital
 Tata Communications Payment Solutions (banking and financial services)
 Tata Financial Services
Organisational services
 Tata Industrial Services
 Tata Quality Management Services
 Tata Services
 Tata Strategic Management Group
Logistics
 TKM Global, Logistics and Supply Chain
Iron and steel
 JAMIPOL
 NatSteel Holdings
 Tata Bearings
 Tata Steel
 The Tinplate Company of India
 TM International Logistics