AISC - 358-10 - Prequalified - Connections-1-80

Prequalified Seismic:Sept.
6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page i
9.2–i
ANSI/AISC 358-10
ANSI/AISC 358s1-11
An American National Standard
Prequalified Connections for

Special and Intermediate
Steel Moment Frames for
Seismic Applications
Including Supplement No. 1
2010
(includes 2011 supplement)
Supersedes ANSI/AISC 358-05 and ANSI/AISC 358s1-09
Approved by the AISC Connection Prequalification Review Panel

and issued by the AISC Board of Directors
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

One East Wacker Drive, Suite 700
Chicago, Illinois 60601-1802
Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page ii
9.2–ii
AISC © 2011
by
American Institute of Steel Construction
All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof

must not be reproduced in any form without the
written permission of the publisher.
The AISC logo is a registered trademark of AISC and is used under license.
The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recog-
nized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be
accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application
without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability and
applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer or architect. The publication of
the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty, on the part of
the American Institute of Steel Construction or of any other person named herein, that this
information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of
any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising
from such use.
Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes developed by
other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or
amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this edition. The Institute bears no
responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the
time of the initial publication of this edition.
Printed in the United States of America
Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

for Seismic Applications, 2010, incl. Supplement No. 1
Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page iii
9.2–iii
PREFACE
(This Preface is not part of ANSI/AISC 358-10, Prequalified Connections for Special and
Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Applications, but is included for informa-
tional purposes only.)
This edition of the Standard was developed using a consensus process in concert with the
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-10) and Seismic Provisions for
Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 341-10). This Standard is incorporated by reference
in the Seismic Provisions.
The most significant modification to this edition of the Standard is the incorporation of
three prequalified connections into the body of the standard that were previously part of a
supplement (Chapters 7, 8, and 9). It is anticipated that future supplements will be issued as
additional moment connections become prequalified.
This printing includes Supplement No. 1 to Prequalified Connections for Special and
Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Applications (ANSI/AISC 358s1-11) which
consists of the material in Chapter 10. The Supplement was finalized shortly after the com-
pletion of this Standard.
The Symbols, Glossary, and Appendices to this Standard are an integral part of the
Standard. A non-mandatory Commentary has been prepared to provide background for the
provisions of the Standard and the user is encouraged to consult it. Additionally, non-manda-
tory User Notes are interspersed throughout the Standard to provide concise and practical
guidance in the application of the provisions.
The reader is cautioned that professional judgment must be exercised when data or rec-
ommendations in this Standard are applied, as described more fully in the disclaimer notice
preceding the Preface.
This Standard was approved by the AISC Connection Prequalification Review Panel
(CPRP):
Ronald O. Hamburger, Chairman Brett R. Manning

Kevin Moore, Vice-Chairman Thomas M. Murray
Richard Apple Charles W. Roeder
Scott F. Armbrust Paul A. Rouis
Michael L. Cochran Thomas A. Sabol
Theodore L. Droessler Robert E. Shaw, Jr.
Michael D. Engelhardt James A. Stori
Louis F. Geschwindner James A. Swanson
Gary Glenn Chia-Ming Uang
W. Steven Hofmeister Behnam Yousefi
Gregory H. Lynch Keith A. Grubb, Secretary

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page iv
9.2–iv PREFACE
The CPRP gratefully acknowledges the following corresponding members and staff for
their contributions to this document:
Scott M. Adan Raymond Kitasoe

Leigh Arber Roberto T. Leon
David Bleiman James O. Malley
Helen Chen Duane K. Miller
Charles J. Carter Steven E. Pryor
Cynthia J. Duncan Gian Andrea Rassati
Willian C. Gibb James M. Ricles
Leonard M. Joseph C. Mark Saunders

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page v
9.2–v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–xiii
GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–xix
STANDARD
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–1
1.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–1
1.2. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–1
1.3. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–2
CHAPTER 2. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–3
2.1. Special and Intermediate Moment Frame Connection Types . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–3
2.2. Connection Stiffness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–3
2.3. Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–3
1. Rolled Wide-Flange Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–3
2. Built-up Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–3
2a. Built-up Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–4
2b. Built-up Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–4
2.4. Connection Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–5
1. Resistance Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–5
2. Plastic Hinge Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–5
3. Probable Maximum Moment at Plastic Hinge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–6
4. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–6
2.5. Panel Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–6
2.6. Protected Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–6
CHAPTER 3. WELDING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–7
3.1. Filler Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–7
3.2. Welding Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–7
3.3. Backing at Beam-to-Column and Continuity
Plate-to-Column Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–7
1. Steel Backing at Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–7
2. Steel Backing at Beam Bottom Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–7
3. Steel Backing at Beam Top Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–7
4. Prohibited Welds at Steel Backing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–8
5. Nonfusible Backing at Beam Flange-to-Column Joints . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–8
3.4. Details and Treatment of Weld Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–8
3.5. Tack Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–8
3.6. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–9
3.7. Quality Control and Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–9
Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page vi
9.2–vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4. BOLTING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–10

4.1. Fastener Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–10
4.2. Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–10
4.3. Quality Control and Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–10
CHAPTER 5. REDUCED BEAM SECTION (RBS)
MOMENT CONNECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–11
5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–11
5.2 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–11
5.3. Prequalification Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–11
1. Beam Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–11
2. Column Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–12
5.4. Column-Beam Relationship Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–13
5.5. Beam Flange-to-Column Flange Weld Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–13
5.6. Beam Web-to-Column Flange Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–13
5.7. Fabrication of Flange Cuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–14
5.8. Design Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–15
CHAPTER 6. BOLTED UNSTIFFENED AND STIFFENED EXTENDED
END-PLATE MOMENT CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–19
6.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–19
6.2. Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–19
6.4. Beam Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–20
6.5. Column Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–21
6.7. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–22
6.8. Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–22
6.9. Connection Detailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–22
1. Gage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–22
2. Pitch and Row Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–22
3. End-Plate Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–24
4. End-Plate Stiffener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–24
5. Finger Shims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–25
6. Composite Slab Detailing for IMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–25
7. Welding Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–26
1. End-Plate and Bolt Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–27
2. Column-Side Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–33
CHAPTER 7. BOLTED FLANGE PLATE (BFP)
7.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–39
7.2. Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–39

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS 9.2–vii

1. Plate Material Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–41
2. Beam Flange Plate Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–41
3. Single-Plate Shear Connection Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–41
4. Bolt Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–41
5. Flange Plate Shims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–42
CHAPTER 8. WELDED UNREINFORCED FLANGE-WELDED WEB
(WUF-W) MOMENT CONNECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–46
8.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–46
8.2. Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–46
8.5. Beam Flange-to-Column Flange Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–48
8.6. Beam Web-to-Column Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–48
CHAPTER 9. KAISER BOLTED BRACKET (KBB)
9.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–52
9.2. Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–53
3. Bracket Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–55
9.5. Bracket-to-Column Flange Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–55
9.6. Bracket-to-Beam Flange Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–56
9.7. Beam Web-to-Column Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–57
CHAPTER 10. CONXTECH CONXL MOMENT CONNECTION . . . . . . . . . 9.2–64
10.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–64
10.2 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–67
10.3 Prequalification Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–68

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page viii
9.2–viii TABLE OF CONTENTS

3. Collar Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–69
10.4 Collar Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–69
10.5 Beam Web-to-Collar Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–71
10.6 Beam-Flange-to-Collar Flange Welding Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–71
10.7 Column-Beam Relationship Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–72
10.8 Design Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–72
10.9 Part Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–77
APPENDIX A. CASTING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–84
A1. Cast Steel Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–84
A2. Quality Control (QC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–84
1. Inspection and Nondestructive Testing Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–84
2. First Article Inspection (FAI) of Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–84
3. Visual Inspection of Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–84
4. Nondestructive Testing (NDT) of Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–84
4a. Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–84
4b. Required NDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–85
5. Weld Repair Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–85
6. Tensile Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–85
7. Charpy V-Notch (CVN) Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–85
8. Casting Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–85
A3. Manufacturer Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–86
1. Submittal to Patent Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–86
2. Submittal to Engineer of Record and Authority
Having Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–86
APPENDIX B. FORGING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–87
B1. Forged Steel Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–87
B2. Bar Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–87
B3. Forging Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–87
B4. Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–87
B5. Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–87
B6. Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–87
B7. Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–88
COMMENTARY
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–89
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–90
1.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–90
1.2. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–91
1.3. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–91

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS 9.2–ix
CHAPTER 2. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–92

2.1. Special and Intermediate Moment Frame Connection Types . . . . . . . . . 9.2–92
2.3. Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–92
2. Built-up Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–92
2b. Built-up Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–93
2.4. Connection Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–94
1. Resistance Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–94
2. Plastic Hinge Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–94
3. Probable Maximum Moment at Plastic Hinge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–94
4. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–94
CHAPTER 3. WELDING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–97
3.3. Backing at Beam-to-Column and Continuity
Plate-to-Column Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–97
1. Steel Backing at Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–97
2. Steel Backing at Beam Bottom Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–97
3. Steel Backing at Beam Top Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–98
4. Prohibited Welds at Steel Backing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–98
5. Nonfusible Backing at Beam Flange-to-Column Joints . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–98
3.4. Details and Treatment of Weld Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–98
3.5. Tack Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–99
3.6. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–99
3.7. Quality Control and Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–100
CHAPTER 4. BOLTING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–101
4.1. Fastener Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–101
4.2. Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–101
4.3. Quality Control and Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–101
CHAPTER 5. REDUCED BEAM SECTION (RBS)
MOMENT CONNECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–102
5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–102
5.2 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–103
5.3. Prequalification Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–103
1. Beam Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–103
2. Column Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–104
5.4. Column-Beam Relationship Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–106
5.5. Beam Flange-to-Column Flange Weld Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–106
5.6. Beam Web-to-Column Flange Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–106
5.7. Fabrication of Flange Cuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–107
5.8. Design Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–107
CHAPTER 6. BOLTED UNSTIFFENED AND STIFFENED EXTENDED
END-PLATE MOMENT CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–110
6.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–110

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page x
9.2–x TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.2. Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–110

6.4. Beam Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–111
6.5. Column Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–111
6.7. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–112
6.8. Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–112
6.9. Connection Detailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–112
CHAPTER 7. BOLTED FLANGE PLATE (BFP)
7.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–114
7.2. Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–116
CHAPTER 8. WELDED UNREINFORCED FLANGE-WELDED WEB
(WUF-W) MOMENT CONNECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–121
8.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–121
8.5. Beam Flange-to-Column Flange Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–124
8.6. Beam Web-to-Column Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–124
CHAPTER 9. KAISER BOLTED BRACKET (KBB)
9.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–127
9.2. Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–127
3. Bracket Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–129
9.5. Bracket-to-Column Flange Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–129
9.6. Bracket-to-Beam Flange Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–131
9.7. Beam Web-to-Column Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–131

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS 9.2–xi
CHAPTER 10. CONXTECH CONXL MOMENT CONNECTION . . . . . . . . 9.2–136

10.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–136
10.2 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–138
10.3 Prequalification Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–138
3. Collar Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–139
10.4 Collar Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–139
10.5 Beam Web-to-Collar Connection Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–140
10.6 Beam Flange-to-Collar Flange Welding Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–140
10.7 Column-Beam Relationship Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–140
10.8 Design Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–140
APPENDIX A. CASTING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–143
A1. Cast Steel Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–143
A2. Quality Control (QC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–143
2. First Article Inspection (FAI) of Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–143
3. Visual Inspection of Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–143
4. Nondestructive Testing (NDT) of Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–143
6. Tensile Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–144
A3. Manufacturer Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–145
APPENDIX B. FORGING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–146
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–147

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:18 PM Page xii
9.2–xii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:18 PM Page xiii
9.2–xiii
SYMBOLS
The Standard uses the following symbols in addition to the terms defined in the
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-10) and the Seismic
Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 341-10). Some definitions in the list
below have been simplified in the interest of brevity. In all cases, the definitions given in the
body of the Standard govern. Symbols without text definitions, used in only one location and
defined at that location, are omitted in some cases. The section or table number on the right
refers to where the symbol is first used.
Symbol Definition Section

Ac Contact areas between the continuity plate and the column
flanges that have attached beam flanges, in.2 (mm2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7
Ac Area of concrete in the column, in.2 (mm2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
As Area of steel in the column, in.2 (mm2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Cpr Factor to account for peak connection strength, including strain
hardening, local restraint, additional reinforcement, and other
connection conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3
Ct Factor used in Equation 6.10-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
FEXX Filler metal classification strength, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
Ffu Factored beam flange force, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
Fnt Nominal tensile strength of bolt from the AISC Specification,
ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
Fnv Nominal shear strength of bolt from the AISC Specification,
ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
Fsu Required stiffener strength, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
Fu Specified minimum tensile strength of the yielding element,
ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Fub Specified minimum tensile strength of beam material, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . 7.6
Fuf Specified minimum tensile strength of flange material, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . 9.9
Fup Specified minimum tensile strength of end-plate material,
ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
Fup Specified minimum tensile strength of plate material, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . 7.6
Fw Nominal weld design strength per the AISC Specification,
ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
Fy Specified minimum yield stress of the yielding element,
ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Fyb Specified minimum yield stress of beam material, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
Fyc Specified minimum yield stress of column flange material,
ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
Fyf Specified minimum yield stress of flange material, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
Fyp Specified minimum yield stress of end-plate material, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . 6.10
Fys Specified minimum yield stress of stiffener material, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . 6.10
Hl Height of the story below the node, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:18 PM Page xiv
9.2–xiv SYMBOLS

Hu Height of the story above the node, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Lbb Length of bracket, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9.1
Lh Distance between plastic hinge locations, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
Lst Length of end plate stiffener, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9.4
M*pb Moment at the intersection of the beam and column centerlines
determined by projecting the beam maximum developed moments
from the column face, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
M*pc Moment at the beam and column centerline determined by
projecting the sum of the nominal column plastic moment strength,
reduced by the axial stress, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
M*pcl Plastic moment nominal strength of the column below the node,
about the axis under consideration considering simultaneous axial
loading and loading about the transverse axis, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . 10.8
M*pcu Plastic moment nominal strength of the column above the node,
about the axis under consideration considering simultaneous axial
loading and loading about the transverse axis, kip-in (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Mbolts Moment at collar bolts, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Mcf Column flange flexural strength, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9
Mf Probable maximum moment at face of column, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . 5.8
Mnp Moment without prying action in the bolts, kip-in.
(N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6.2
Mpe Plastic moment of beam based on expected yield stress,
kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
Mpr Probable maximum moment at plastic hinge, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3
Muv Additional moment due to shear amplification from the center
of the reduced beam section to the centerline of the column,
kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4(2)(a)
N Thickness of beam flange plus 2 times the reinforcing fillet
weld size, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
P Axial load acting on the column at the section under consideration
in accordance with the applicable load combination specified by
the building code, but not considering amplified seismic load,
kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Pt Minimum specified tensile strength of bolt, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6.2
Puc Required compressive strength using LRFD load combinations,
kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Symbols
Rpt Minimum bolt pretension, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Rn Required force for continuity plate design, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
Rn Nominal strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6
Rnpz Nominal panel zone shear strength, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Rt Ratio of the expected tensile strength to the specified minimum
tensile strength for flange material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
Rupz Required panel zone shear strength, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Ry Ratio of the expected yield stress to the specified minimum yield
stress, Fy, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:18 PM Page xv
SYMBOLS 9.2–xv

S1 Distance from face of the column to the nearest row of bolts,
in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6
Sh Distance from face of column to the plastic hinge, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2a
Vbolts Probable maximum shear at collar bolts, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Vcf Probable maximum shear at face of collar flange, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Vcol Column shear, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Vf Probable maximum shear at the face of column, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Vgravity Beam shear force resulting from 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
Vh Beam shear force at plastic hinge location, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6
VRBS Larger of the two values of shear force at the center of the
reduced beam section at each end of a beam, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4(2)(a)
V′RBS Smaller of the two values of shear force at the center of the
reduced beam section at each end of a beam, kips (N) . . . . . Commentary 5.8
Vu Required shear strength of beam and beam web-to-column
connection, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
Yc Column flange yield line mechanism parameter, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . Table 6.5
Ym Simplified column flange yield-line mechanism parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
Yp End-plate yield line mechanism parameter, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6.2
Zc Plastic section modulus of the column about either axis, in.3 (mm3) . . . . . 10.8
Ze Effective plastic modulus of the section (or connection) at the
location of a plastic hinge, in.3 (mm3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3
ZRBS Plastic section modulus at the center of the reduced beam section,
in.3 (mm3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
Zx Plastic section modulus about the x-axis, in.3 (mm3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
a Horizontal distance from face of column flange to the start
of a reduced beam section cut, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4(2)(a)
a Distance from the outside face of the collar to the reduced
beam section cut, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
b Width of compression element as defined in the
AISC Specification, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2b(2)
b Length of a reduced beam section cut, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4(2)(a)
bbb Width of bracket, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9.1
bbf Width of beam flange, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
bcf Width of column flange, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
bf Width of flange, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.1(7)
bp Width of end plate, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6.1
c Depth of cut at center of the reduced beam section, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . .5.8
d Depth of beam, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.1(7)
db Diameter of column flange bolts, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
db req’d Required bolt diameter, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
dc Depth of column, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4(2)(a)
dcol Depth of the column, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
de Column bolt edge distance, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9.2
deff Effective depth of beam, calculated as the centroidal distance
between bolt groups in the upper and lower brackets, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . 9.9

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:18 PM Page xvi
9.2–xvi SYMBOLS

CC
dleg Effective depth of the collar corner assembly leg, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
fc′ Specified compressive strength of the concrete fill, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . 10.8
f1 Load factor determined by the applicable building code for
live loads but not less than 0.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
g Horizontal distance (gage) between fastener lines, in. (mm) . . . . . . . Table 6.1
h1 Distance from the centerline of a compression flange to the
tension-side inner bolt rows in four-bolt extended and four-bolt
stiffened extended end-plate moment connections, in. (mm) . . . . . . . Table 6.2
hbb Height of bracket, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9.1
hi Distance from centerline of compression flange to the centerline
of the ith tension bolt row, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
ho Distance from centerline of compression flange to the tension-side
outer bolt row in four-bolt extended and four-bolt stiffened
extended end-plate moment connections, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6.2
hp Height of plate, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6
hst Height of stiffener, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9.4
k1 Distance from web center line to flange toe of fillet, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . 3.6
kc Distance from outer face of a column flange to web toe of fillet
(design value) or fillet weld, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9
kdet Largest value of k1 used in production, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6
l Bracket overlap distance, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
lw Length of available fillet weld, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
lwCC Total length of available fillet weld at collar corner assembly,
in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
lwCWX Total length of available fillet weld at collar web extension,
in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
n Number of bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6
nb Number of bolts at compression flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
ncb Number of column bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9.1
ncf Number of collar bolts per collar flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
ni Number of inner bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
no Number of outer bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
p Perpendicular tributary length per bolt, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9
pb Vertical distance between the inner and outer row of bolts in
an eight-bolt stiffened extended end-plate moment connection,
in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6.1
pb Column bolt pitch, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9.2
pfi Vertical distance from the inside of a beam tension flange to
the nearest inside bolt row, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6.1
pfo Vertical distance from the outside of a beam tension flange to
the nearest outside bolt row, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6.1
psi Distance from the inside face of continuity plate to the nearest
inside bolt row, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9.2
pso Distance from the outside face of continuity plate to the nearest
outside bolt row, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9.2

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:18 PM Page xvii
SYMBOLS 9.2–xvii

rh Radius of horizontal bracket, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9.2
rut Required collar bolt tension strength, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
rv Radius of bracket stiffener, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9.2
s Distance from the centerline of the most inside or most outside
tension bolt row to the edge of a yield line pattern, in. (mm) . . . . . . Table 6.2
s Spacing of bolt rows in a bolted flange plate moment connection,
in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6
sbolts Distance from center of plastic hinge to the centroid of the
collar bolts, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
sf Distance from center of plastic hinge to face of column, in. (mm) . . . . . . 10.8
sh Distance from center of plastic hinge to center of column, in. (mm) . . . . 10.8
tbf Thickness of beam flange, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
tbw Thickness of beam web, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
tcol Wall thickness of HSS or built-up box column, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
tcollar Distance from the face of the column to the outside face of the
collar, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
tcw Thickness of column web, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
tfCC Fillet weld size required to join collar corner assembly to column,
in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
tfCWX Fillet weld size required to join each side of the beam web to the
collar web extension, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
CC
tleg Effective thickness of the collar corner assembly leg, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . 10.8
tp Thickness of plate, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6.1
ts Thickness of stiffener, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10
w Minimum size of fillet weld, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9.2
w Uniform beam gravity load, kips per linear ft
(N per linear mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commentary 5.8
wu Distributed load on the beam, kips/ft (N/mm), using the
load combination 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
φd Resistance factor for ductile limit states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1
φn Resistance factor for nonductile limit states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:18 PM Page xviii
9.2–xviii SYMBOLS

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:18 PM Page xix
9.2–xix
GLOSSARY
The Standard uses the following terms in addition to the terms defined in the 2010 AISC
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings and the 2010 AISC Seismic Provisions for
Structural Steel Buildings. Terms defined in this Glossary are italicized in the Glossary and
where they first appear within a section or long paragraph throughout the Standard.
Air carbon arc cutting. Process of cutting steel by the heat from an electric arc applied
simultaneously with an air jet.
Backing. Piece of metal or other material, placed at the weld root to facilitate placement of
the root pass.
Backgouge. Process of removing by grinding or air carbon arc cutting all or a portion of the
root pass of a complete-joint-penetration groove weld, from the reverse side of a joint
from which a root was originally placed.
Cascaded weld ends. Method of terminating a weld in which subsequent weld beads are
stopped short of the previous bead, producing a cascade effect.
Concrete structural slab. Reinforced concrete slab or concrete fill on steel deck with a total
thickness of 3 in. (75 mm) or greater and a concrete compressive strength in excess of
2,000 psi (14 MPa).
Nonfusible backing. Backing material that will not fuse with the base metals during the
welding process.
Plastic hinge location. Location in a column-beam assembly where inelastic energy dissi-
pation is assumed to occur through the development of plastic flexural straining.
Probable maximum moment at the plastic hinge. Expected moment developed at a plastic
hinge location along a member, considering the probable (mean) value of the material
strength for the specified steel and effects of strain hardening.
Reinforcing fillet. Fillet weld applied to a groove welded T-joint to obtain a contour to
reduce stress concentrations associated with joint geometry.
Root. Portion of a multi-pass weld deposited in the first pass of welding.
Thermal cutting. Group of cutting processes that severs or removes metal by localized melt-
ing, burning or vaporizing of the workpiece.
Weld tab. Piece of metal affixed to the end of a welded joint to facilitate the initiation and
termination of weld passes outside the structural joint.

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:18 PM Page xx
9.2–xx GLOSSARY

Prequalified Seismic:Sept. 6, 2011 9/6/11 1:18 PM Page 1
9.2–1
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL
1.1. SCOPE
This Standard specifies design, detailing, fabrication and quality criteria for connec-
tions that are prequalified in accordance with the AISC Seismic Provisions for
Structural Steel Buildings (herein referred to as the AISC Seismic Provisions) for use
with special moment frames (SMF) and intermediate moment frames (IMF). The
connections contained in this Standard are prequalified to meet the requirements in
the AISC Seismic Provisions only when designed and constructed in accordance with
the requirements of this Standard. Nothing in this Standard shall preclude the use of
connection types contained herein outside the indicated limitations, nor the use of
other connection types, when satisfactory evidence of qualification in accordance
with the AISC Seismic Provisions is presented to the authority having jurisdiction.
1.2. REFERENCES
The following standards form a part of this Standard to the extent that they are ref-
erenced and applicable:
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

ANSI/AISC 341-10 Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (herein
referred to as the AISC Seismic Provisions)
ANSI/AISC 360-10 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (herein referred to as
the AISC Specification)
ASTM International (ASTM)

A354-07a Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts,
Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
A370-09 Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel
Products
A488/A488M-10 Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of
Procedures and Personnel
A574-11 Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Socket Head Cap Screws
A609/A609M-91(2007) Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and
Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof
A781/A781M-11 Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common
Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A802/A802M-95(2010) Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance
Standards, Visual Examination
A903/A903M-99(2007) Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Surface
Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrant Inspection

9.2–2 REFERENCES [Sect. 1.2.
A958/A958M-10 Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with
Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades
B19-10 Standard Specification for Cartridge Brass Sheet, Strip, Plate, Bar, and
Disks
B36/B36M Standard Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And Rolled Bar
E186-10 Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy Walled (2 to 4 1/ 2 in. (50.8 to
114 mm)) Steel Castings
E446-10 Standard Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm)
in Thickness
E709-08 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
American Welding Society (AWS)

AWS D1.1/D1.1M-2010 Structural Welding Code—Steel
AWS D1.8/D1.8M-2009 Structural Welding Code—Seismic Supplement
Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS)

MSS SP-55-2006 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and
Fittings and Other Piping Components—Visual Method for Evaluation of Surface
Irregularities
Research Council on Structural Connections (RCSC)

Specification for Structural Joints using High-Strength Bolts, 2009 (herein referred
to as the RCSC Specification)
1.3. GENERAL
All design, materials and workmanship shall conform to the requirements of the
AISC Seismic Provisions and this Standard. The connections contained in this
Standard shall be designed according to the Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) provisions. Connections designed according to this Standard are permitted
to be used in structures designed according to the LRFD or Allowable Strength
Design (ASD) provisions of the AISC Seismic Provisions.

9.2–3
CHAPTER 2
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
2.1. SPECIAL AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAME

CONNECTION TYPES
The connection types listed in Table 2.1 are prequalified for use in connecting beams
to column flanges in special moment frames (SMF) and intermediate moment frames
(IMF) within the limitations specified in this Standard.
2.2. CONNECTION STIFFNESS

All connections contained in this Standard shall be considered fully restrained (Type
FR) for the purpose of seismic analysis.
2.3. MEMBERS
The connections contained in this Standard are prequalified in accordance with the
requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions when used to connect members meet-
ing the limitations of Sections 2.3.1 or 2.3.2, as applicable.
1. Rolled Wide-Flange Members

Rolled wide-flange members shall conform to the cross section profile limitations
applicable to the specific connection in this Standard.
2. Built-up Members
Built-up members having a doubly symmetric, I-shaped cross section shall meet the
following requirements:
(1) Flanges and webs shall have width, depth and thickness profiles similar to rolled
wide-flange sections meeting the profile limitations for wide-flange sections
applicable to the specific connection in this Standard, and
(2) Webs shall be continuously connected to flanges in accordance with the require-
ments of Sections 2.3.2a or 2.3.2b, as applicable.

9.2–4 MEMBERS [Sect. 2.3.
TABLE 2.1.
Prequalified Moment Connections
Connection Type Chapter Systems
Reduced beam section (RBS) 5 SMF, IMF
Bolted unstiffened extended end plate (BUEEP) 6 SMF, IMF
Bolted stiffened extended end plate (BSEEP) 6 SMF, IMF
Bolted flange plate (BFP) 7 SMF, IMF
Welded unreinforced flange-welded web (WUF-W) 8 SMF, IMF
Kaiser bolted bracket (KBB) 9 SMF, IMF
ConXtech ConXL moment connection (ConXL) 10 SMF, IMF
2a. Built-up Beams

The web and flanges shall be connected using complete-joint-penetration (CJP)
groove welds with a pair of reinforcing fillet welds within a zone extending from the
beam end to a distance not less than one beam depth beyond the plastic hinge loca-
tion, Sh, unless specifically indicated in this Standard. The minimum size of these
fillet welds shall be the lesser of 5/16 in. (8 mm) and the thickness of the beam web.
Exception: This provision shall not apply where individual connection prequalifica-
tions specify other requirements.
2b. Built-up Columns
Built-up columns shall conform to the provisions of subsections (1) through (4), as
applicable. Built-up columns shall satisfy the requirements of the AISC Specification
except as modified in this Section. Transfer of all internal forces and stresses between
elements of the built-up column shall be through welds.
(1) I-Shaped Columns

The elements of built-up I-shaped columns shall conform to the requirements of
the AISC Seismic Provisions.
Within a zone extending from 12 in. (300 mm) above the upper beam flange to
12 in. (300 mm) below the lower beam flange, unless specifically indicated in
this Standard, the column webs and flanges shall be connected using CJP groove
welds with a pair of reinforcing fillet welds. The minimum size of the fillet welds
shall be the lesser of 5/16 in. (8 mm) and the thickness of the column web.
(2) Boxed Wide-Flange Columns

The wide-flange shape of a boxed wide-flange column shall conform to the
requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions.
The width-to-thickness ratio, b/t, of plates used as flanges shall not exceed,
0.6 E Fy , where b shall be taken as not less than the clear distance between
plates.
The width-to-thickness ratio, h/tw, of plates used only as webs shall conform to
the requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions.

Sect. 2.4.] CONNECTION DESIGN PARAMETERS 9.2–5
12 in. (300 mm) below the lower beam flange, flange and web plates of boxed
wide-flange columns shall be joined by CJP groove welds. Outside this zone,
plate elements shall be continuously connected by fillet or groove welds.
(3) Built-up Box Columns

The width-to-thickness ratio, b/t, of plates used as flanges shall not exceed,
0.6 E Fy , where b shall be taken as not less than the clear distance between
web plates.
The width-to-thickness ratio, h/tw, of plates used only as webs shall conform to
12 in. (300 mm) below the lower beam flange, flange and web plates of box
columns shall be joined by CJP groove welds. Outside this zone, box column
web and flange plates shall be continuously connected by fillet welds or groove
welds.
(4) Flanged Cruciform Columns

The elements of flanged cruciform columns, whether fabricated from rolled
shapes or built up from plates, shall meet the requirements of the AISC Seismic
Provisions.
12 in. (300 mm) below the lower beam flange, the web of the tee-shaped sections
shall be welded to the web of the continuous I-shaped section with CJP groove
welds with a pair of reinforcing fillet welds. The minimum size of fillet welds
shall be the lesser of 5/16 in. (8 mm) or the thickness of the column web.
Continuity plates shall conform to the requirements for wide-flange columns.
2.4. CONNECTION DESIGN PARAMETERS
1. Resistance Factors
Where available strengths are calculated in accordance with the AISC Specification,
the resistance factors specified therein shall apply. When available strengths are cal-
culated in accordance with this Standard, the resistance factors φd and φn shall be
used as specified in the applicable section of this Standard. The values of φd and φn
shall be taken as follows:
(a) For ductile limit states:

φd = 1.00
(b) For nonductile limit states:

φn = 0.90
2. Plastic Hinge Location

The distance of the plastic hinge from the face of the column, Sh, shall be taken in
accordance with the requirements for the individual connection as specified herein.

9.2–6 CONNECTION DESIGN PARAMETERS [Sect. 2.4.
3. Probable Maximum Moment at Plastic Hinge

The probable maximum moment at the plastic hinge shall be:
Mpr = Cpr Ry Fy Ze (2.4.3-1)
where
Mpr = probable maximum moment at plastic hinge, kip-in. (N-mm)
Ry = ratio of the expected yield stress to the specified minimum yield stress Fy as
specified in the AISC Seismic Provisions
Ze = effective plastic section modulus of the section (or connection) at the loca-
tion of the plastic hinge, in.3 (mm3)
Cpr = factor to account for the peak connection strength, including strain harden-
ing, local restraint, additional reinforcement, and other connection
conditions. Unless otherwise specifically indicated in this Standard, the
value of Cpr shall be:
Fy + Fu
C pr = ≤ 1.2 (2.4.3-2)
2 Fy
where
Fy = specified minimum yield stress of the yielding element, ksi (MPa)
Fu = specified minimum tensile strength of the yielding element, ksi (MPa)
4. Continuity Plates
Beam flange continuity plates shall be provided in accordance with the AISC Seismic
Provisions.
Exceptions:
1. For bolted end-plate connections, continuity plates shall be provided in accor-
dance with Section 6.7.
2. For the Kaiser bolted bracket connection, the provisions of Chapter 9 shall apply.
When continuity plates are required by Chapter 9, thickness and detailing shall be
in accordance with the AISC Seismic Provisions.
2.5. PANEL ZONES

Panel zones shall conform to the requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions.
2.6. PROTECTED ZONE

The protected zone shall be as defined for each prequalified connection. Unless oth-
erwise specifically indicated in this Standard, the protected zone of the beam shall be
defined as the area from the face of the column flange to one-half of the beam depth
beyond the plastic hinge. The protected zone shall meet the requirements of the AISC
Seismic Provisions, except as indicated in this Standard. Bolt holes in beam webs,
when detailed in accordance with the individual connection provisions of this
Standard, shall be permitted.

9.2–7
CHAPTER 3
WELDING REQUIREMENTS
3.1. FILLER METALS

Filler metals shall conform to the requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions.
3.2. WELDING PROCEDURES

Welding procedures shall be in accordance with the AISC Seismic Provisions.
3.3. BACKING AT BEAM-TO-COLUMN AND CONTINUITY

PLATE-TO-COLUMN JOINTS
1. Steel Backing at Continuity Plates

Steel backing used at continuity plate-to-column welds need not be removed. At col-
umn flanges, steel backing left in place shall be attached to the column flange using
a continuous 5/16-in. (8-mm) fillet weld on the edge below the CJP groove weld.
When backing is removed, the root pass shall be backgouged to sound weld metal
and backwelded with a reinforcing fillet. The reinforcing fillet shall be continuous
with a minimum size of 5/16 in. (8 mm).
2. Steel Backing at Beam Bottom Flange
Where steel backing is used with CJP groove welds between the bottom beam flange
and the column, the backing shall be removed.
Following the removal of steel backing, the root pass shall be backgouged to sound
weld metal and backwelded with a reinforcing fillet. The size of the reinforcing fil-
let leg adjacent to the column flange shall be a minimum of 5/16 in. (8 mm), and the
reinforcing fillet leg adjacent to the beam flange shall be such that the fillet toe is
located on the beam flange base metal.
Exception: If the base metal and weld root are ground smooth after removal of the
backing, the reinforcing fillet adjacent to the beam flange need not extend to base
metal.
3. Steel Backing at Beam Top Flange

Where steel backing is used with CJP groove welds between the top beam flange and
the column, and the steel backing is not removed, the steel backing shall be attached
to the column by a continuous 5/16-in. (8-mm) fillet weld on the edge below the CJP
groove weld.

9.2–8 BACKING AT COLUMN JOINTS [Sect. 3.3.
4. Prohibited Welds at Steel Backing

Backing at beam flange-to-column flange joints shall not be welded to the underside
of the beam flange, nor shall tack welds be permitted at this location. If fillet welds
or tack welds are placed between the backing and the beam flange in error, they shall
be repaired as follows:
(1) The weld shall be removed such that the fillet weld or tack weld no longer
attaches the backing to the beam flange.
(2) The surface of the beam flange shall be ground flush and shall be free of defects.
(3) Any gouges or notches shall be repaired. Repair welding shall be done with
E7018 SMAW electrodes or other filler metals meeting the requirements of
Section 3.1 for demand critical welds. A special welding procedure specification
(WPS) is required for this repair. Following welding, the repair weld shall be
ground smooth.
5. Nonfusible Backing at Beam Flange-to-Column Joints

Where nonfusible backing is used with CJP groove welds between the beam flanges
and the column, the backing shall be removed and the root backgouged to sound
weld metal and backwelded with a reinforcing fillet. The size of the reinforcing
fillet leg adjacent to the column shall be a minimum of 5/16 in. (8 mm) and the rein-
forcing fillet leg adjacent to the beam flange shall be such that the fillet toe is located
on the beam flange base metal.
Exception: If the base metal and weld root are ground smooth after removal of the
backing, the reinforcing fillet adjacent to the beam flange need not extend to base
metal.
3.4. DETAILS AND TREATMENT OF WELD TABS

Where used, weld tabs shall be removed to within 1/8 in. (3 mm) of the base metal
surface and the end of the weld finished, except at continuity plates where removal
to within 1/4 in. (6 mm) of the plate edge shall be permitted. Removal shall be by air
carbon arc cutting (CAC-A), grinding, chipping or thermal cutting. The process shall
be controlled to minimize errant gouging. The edges where weld tabs have been
removed shall be finished to a surface roughness of 500 µ-in. (13 microns) or
better. The contour of the weld end shall provide a smooth transition to adjacent sur-
faces, free of notches, gouges and sharp corners. Weld defects greater than 1/16 in.
(1.5 mm) deep shall be excavated and repaired by welding in accordance with an
applicable WPS. Other weld defects shall be removed by grinding, faired to a slope
not greater than 1:5.
3.5. TACK WELDS

In the protected zone, tack welds attaching backing and weld tabs shall be placed
where they will be incorporated into a final weld.

Sect. 3.7.] QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 9.2–9
3.6. CONTINUITY PLATES

Along the web, the corner clip shall be detailed so that the clip extends a distance of
at least 11/2 in. (38 mm) beyond the published kdet dimension for the rolled shape.
Along the flange, the plate shall be clipped to avoid interference with the fillet radius
of the rolled shape and shall be detailed so that the clip does not exceed a distance of
1
/2 in. (12 mm) beyond the published k1 dimension. The clip shall be detailed to facil-
itate suitable weld terminations for both the flange weld and the web weld. When a
curved corner clip is used, it shall have a minimum radius of 1/2 in. (12 mm).
At the end of the weld adjacent to the column web/flange juncture, weld tabs for con-
tinuity plates shall not be used, except when permitted by the engineer of record.
Unless specified to be removed by the engineer of record, weld tabs shall not be
removed when used in this location.
Where continuity plate welds are made without weld tabs near the column fillet
radius, weld layers shall be permitted to be transitioned at an angle of 0° to 45° meas-
ured from the vertical plane. The effective length of the weld shall be defined as that
portion of the weld having full size. Nondestructive testing (NDT) shall not be
required on the tapered or transition portion of the weld not having full size.
3.7. QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

Quality control and quality assurance shall be in accordance with the AISC Seismic
Provisions.

9.2–10
CHAPTER 4
BOLTING REQUIREMENTS
4.1. FASTENER ASSEMBLIES

Bolts shall be pretensioned high-strength bolts conforming to ASTM A325/A325M,
A490/A490M, F1852 or F2280, unless other fasteners are permitted by a specific
connection.
4.2. INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

Installation requirements shall be in accordance with AISC Seismic Provisions and
the RCSC Specification, except as otherwise specifically indicated in this Standard.
4.3. QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

Quality control and quality assurance shall be in accordance with the AISC Seismic
Provisions.

9.2–11
CHAPTER 5
REDUCED BEAM SECTION (RBS)
MOMENT CONNECTION
5.1. GENERAL
In a reduced beam section (RBS) moment connection (Figure 5.1), portions of the
beam flanges are selectively trimmed in the region adjacent to the beam-to-column
connection. Yielding and hinge formation are intended to occur primarily within the
reduced section of the beam.
5.2. SYSTEMS
RBS connections are prequalified for use in special moment frame (SMF) and inter-
mediate moment frame (IMF) systems within the limits of these provisions.
5.3. PREQUALIFICATION LIMITS
1. Beam Limitations
Beams shall satisfy the following limitations:
Fig. 5.1. Reduced beam section connection.

9.2–12 PREQUALIFICATION LIMITS [Sect. 5.3.
(1) Beams shall be rolled wide-flange or built-up I-shaped members conforming to

the requirements of Section 2.3.
(2) Beam depth is limited to W36 (W920) for rolled shapes. Depth of built-up sec-
tions shall not exceed the depth permitted for rolled wide-flange shapes.
(3) Beam weight is limited to 300 lb/ft (447 kg/m).
(4) Beam flange thickness is limited to 13/4 in. (44 mm).
(5) The clear span-to-depth ratio of the beam shall be limited as follows:
(a) For SMF systems, 7 or greater.
(b) For IMF systems, 5 or greater.
(6) Width-to-thickness ratios for the flanges and web of the beam shall conform to
When determining the width-to-thickness ratio of the flange, the value of bf shall
not be taken as less than the flange width at the ends of the center two-thirds of
the reduced section provided that gravity loads do not shift the location of the
plastic hinge a significant distance from the center of the reduced beam section.
(7) Lateral bracing of beams shall be provided in conformance with the AISC
Seismic Provisions. Supplemental lateral bracing shall be provided near the
reduced section in conformance with the AISC Seismic Provisions for lateral
bracing provided adjacent to the plastic hinges.
When supplemental lateral bracing is provided, its attachment to the beam shall
be located no greater than d/2 beyond the end of the reduced beam section
farthest from the face of the column, where d is the depth of the beam. No attach-
ment of lateral bracing shall be made to the beam in the region extending from
the face of the column to the end of the reduced section farthest from the face of
the column.
Exception: For both systems, where the beam supports a concrete structural slab
that is connected between the protected zones with welded shear connectors
spaced a maximum of 12 in. (300 mm) on center, supplemental top and bottom
flange bracing at the reduced section is not required.
(8) The protected zone shall consist of the portion of beam between the face of the
column and the end of the reduced beam section cut farthest from the face of the
column.
2. Column Limitations
Columns shall satisfy the following limitations:
(1) Columns shall be any of the rolled shapes or built-up sections permitted in
Section 2.3.
(2) The beam shall be connected to the flange of the column.

Sect. 5.6.] BEAM WEB-TO-COLUMN FLANGE CONNECTION LIMITATIONS 9.2–13
(3) Rolled shape column depth shall be limited to W36 (W920) maximum. The
depth of built-up wide-flange columns shall not exceed that for rolled shapes.
Flanged cruciform columns shall not have a width or depth greater than the depth
allowed for rolled shapes. Built-up box-columns shall not have a width or depth
exceeding 24 in. (610 mm). Boxed wide-flange columns shall not have a width
or depth exceeding 24 in. (610 mm) if participating in orthogonal moment
frames.
(4) There is no limit on the weight per foot of columns.
(5) There are no additional requirements for flange thickness.
(6) Width-to-thickness ratios for the flanges and web of columns shall conform to
(7) Lateral bracing of columns shall conform to the requirements of the AISC
Seismic Provisions.
5.4. COLUMN-BEAM RELATIONSHIP LIMITATIONS

Beam-to-column connections shall satisfy the following limitations:
(1) Panel zones shall conform to the requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions.
(2) Column-beam moment ratios shall be limited as follows:

(a) For SMF systems, the column-beam moment ratio shall conform to the
requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions. The value of ∑M*pb shall be
taken equal to ∑(Mpr + Muv), where Mpr is computed according to Equation
5.8-5, and where Muv is the additional moment due to shear amplification
from the center of the reduced beam section to the centerline of the column.
Muv can be computed as VRBS (a + b/2 + dc /2), where VRBS is the shear at the
center of the reduced beam section computed per Step 4 of Section 5.8, a and
b are the dimensions shown in Figure 5.1, and dc is the depth of the column.
(b) For IMF systems, the column-beam moment ratio shall conform to the
5.5. BEAM FLANGE-TO-COLUMN FLANGE WELD LIMITATIONS

Beam flange to column flange connections shall satisfy the following limitations:
(1) Beam flanges shall be connected to column flanges using complete-joint-pene-

tration (CJP) groove welds. Beam flange welds shall conform to the
requirements for demand critical welds in the AISC Seismic Provisions.
(2) Weld access hole geometry shall conform to the requirements of the AISC
Specification.
5.6. BEAM WEB-TO-COLUMN FLANGE CONNECTION LIMITATIONS

Beam web to column flange connections shall satisfy the following limitations:

9.2–14 BEAM WEB-TO-COLUMN FLANGE CONNECTION LIMITATIONS [Sect. 5.6.
(1) The required shear strength of the beam web connection shall be determined
according to Equation 5.8-9.
(2) Web connection details shall be limited as follows:

(a) For SMF systems, the beam web shall be connected to the column flange
using a CJP groove weld extending between weld access holes. The single
plate shear connection shall extend between the weld access holes as shown
in Figure 5.1. The single plate shear connection shall be permitted to be used
as backing for the CJP groove weld. The thickness of the plate shall be at
least 3/8 in. (10 mm). Weld tabs are not required at the ends of the CJP groove
weld at the beam web. Bolt holes in the beam web for the purpose of erec-
tion are permitted.
(b) For IMF systems, the beam web shall be connected to the column flange as
required for SMF systems.
Exception: For IMF, it is permitted to connect the beam web to the column
flange using a bolted single plate shear connection. The bolted single plate
shear connection shall be designed as a slip-critical connection, with the design
slip resistance per bolt determined according to the AISC Specification. For
seismic loading, the nominal bearing strength at bolt holes shall not be taken
greater than the value given by Equation J3-6a of the AISC Specification. The
design shear strength of the single plate shear connection shall be determined
based on shear yielding of the gross section and on shear rupture of the net sec-
tion. The plate shall be welded to the column flange with a CJP groove weld,
or with fillet welds on both sides of the plate. The minimum size of the fillet
weld on each side of the plate shall be 75% of the thickness of the plate.
Standard holes shall be provided in the beam web and in the plate, except that
short-slotted holes (with the slot parallel to the beam flanges) may be used in
either the beam web or in the plate, but not in both. Bolts are permitted to be
pretensioned either before or after welding.
5.7. FABRICATION OF FLANGE CUTS

The reduced beam section shall be made using thermal cutting to produce a
smooth curve. The maximum surface roughness of the thermally cut surface shall
be 500 µ-in. (13 microns) in accordance with ANSI B46.1, as measured using
AWS C4.1–77 Sample 4 or a similar visual comparator. All transitions between the
reduced beam section and the unmodified beam flange shall be rounded in the direc-
tion of the flange length to minimize notch effects due to abrupt transitions. Corners
between the reduced section surface and the top and bottom of the flanges shall be
ground to remove sharp edges, but a minimum chamfer or radius is not required.
Thermal cutting tolerances shall be plus or minus 1/4 in. (6 mm) from the theoretical
cut line. The beam effective flange width at any section shall have a tolerance of plus
or minus 3/8 in. (10 mm).
Gouges and notches that occur in the thermally cut RBS surface may be repaired by
grinding if not more than 1/4 in. (6 mm) deep. The gouged or notched area shall be

Sect. 5.8.] DESIGN PROCEDURE 9.2–15
faired in by grinding so that a smooth transition exists, and the total length of the area
ground for the transition shall be no less than five times the depth of the removed
gouge on each side of the gouge. If a sharp notch exists, the area shall be inspected
by magnetic particle testing (MT) after grinding to ensure that the entire depth of
notch has been removed. Grinding that increases the depth of the RBS cut more than
1
/4 in. (6 mm) beyond the specified depth of cut is not permitted.
Gouges and notches that exceed 1/4 in. (6 mm) in depth, but not exceeding 1/2 in.
(12 mm) in depth, and those notches and gouges where repair by grinding would
increase the effective depth of the RBS cut beyond tolerance, may be repaired by
welding. The notch or gouge shall be removed and ground to provide a smooth root
radius of not less than 1/4 in. (6 mm) in preparation for welding. The repair area shall
be preheated to a minimum temperature of 150 °F (65 °C) or the value specified in
AWS D1.1/D1.1M, whichever is greater, measured at the location of the weld repair.
Notches and gouges exceeding 1/2 in. (12 mm) in depth shall be repaired only with a
method approved by the engineer of record.
5.8. DESIGN PROCEDURE

Step 1. Choose trial values for the beam sections, column sections and RBS dimen-
sions a, b and c (Figure 5.1) subject to the limits:
0.5bbf ≤ a ≤ 0.75bbf (5.8-1)
0.65d ≤ b ≤ 0.85d (5.8-2)
0.1bbf ≤ c ≤ 0.25bbf (5.8-3)
where
bbf = width of beam flange, in. (mm)
a = horizontal distance from face of column flange to the start of an RBS cut, in.
(mm)
b = length of an RBS cut, in. (mm)
c = depth of cut at center of the reduced beam section, in. (mm)
d = depth of beam, in. (mm)
Confirm that the beams and columns are adequate for all load combinations speci-
fied by the applicable building code, including the reduced section of the beam, and
that the design story drift for the frame complies with applicable limits specified by
the applicable building code. Calculation of elastic drift shall consider the effect of
the reduced beam section. In lieu of more detailed calculations, effective elastic drifts
may be calculated by multiplying elastic drifts based on gross beam sections by 1.1
for flange reductions up to 50% of the beam flange width. Linear interpolation may
be used for lesser values of beam width reduction.
Step 2. Compute the plastic section modulus at the center of the reduced beam
section:
ZRBS = Zx − 2ctbf (d − tbf ) (5.8-4)

9.2–16 DESIGN PROCEDURE [Sect. 5.8.
where
ZRBS = plastic section modulus at center of the reduced beam section, in.3 (mm3)
Zx = plastic section modulus about the x-axis, for full beam cross section, in.3
(mm3)
tbf = thickness of beam flange, in. (mm)
Step 3. Compute the probable maximum moment, Mpr, at the center of the reduced
beam section:
Mpr = Cpr Ry Fy ZRBS (5.8-5)
Step 4. Compute the shear force at the center of the reduced beam sections at each
end of the beam.
The shear force at the center of the reduced beam sections shall be determined from
a free body diagram of the portion of the beam between the centers of the reduced
beam sections. This calculation shall assume the moment at the center of each
reduced beam section is Mpr and shall include gravity loads acting on the beam based
on the load combination 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S, where f1 is the load factor determined by
the applicable building code for live loads, but not less than 0.5.
User Note: The load combination of 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S is in conformance with
ASCE/SEI 7. When using the International Building Code, a factor of 0.7 must be
used in lieu of the factor of 0.2 when the roof configuration is such that it does
not shed snow off of the structure.
Step 5. Compute the probable maximum moment at the face of the column.
The moment at the face of the column shall be computed from a free-body diagram
of the segment of the beam between the center of the reduced beam section and the
face of the column, as illustrated in Figure 5.2.
Fig. 5.2. Free-body diagram between center of RBS and face of column.

Based on this free-body diagram, the moment at the face of the column is computed
as follows:
Mf = Mpr + VRBSSh (5.8-6)
where
Mf = probable maximum moment at face of column, kip-in. (N-mm)
Sh = distance from face of the column to the plastic hinge, in. (mm)
= a + b/2, in. (mm)
VRBS = larger of the two values of shear force at the center of the reduced beam
section at each end of the beam, kips (N)
Equation 5.8-6 neglects the gravity load on the portion of the beam between the cen-
ter of the reduced beam section and the face of the column. If desired, the gravity
load on this small portion of the beam is permitted to be included in the free-body
diagram shown in Figure 5.2 and in Equation 5.8-6.
Step 6. Compute Mpe, the plastic moment of the beam based on the expected yield
stress:
Mpe = Ry Fy Zx (5.8-7)
Step 7. Check the flexural strength of the beam at the face of the column:
Mf ≤ φd Mpe (5.8-8)
If Equation 5.8-8 is not satisfied, adjust the values of c, a and b, or adjust the section
size, and repeat Steps 2 through 7.
Step 8. Determine the required shear strength, Vu, of beam and beam web-to-column
connection from:
2 M pr
Vu = + Vgravity (5.8-9)
Lh
where
Vu = required shear strength of beam and beam web-to-column connection,
kips (N)
Lh = distance between plastic hinge locations, in. (mm)
Vgravity = beam shear force resulting from 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S (where f1 is the load
factor determined by the applicable building code for live loads, but not
less than 0.5), kips (N)
Check design shear strength of beam according to Chapter G of the AISC Specification.

Step 9. Design the beam web-to-column connection according to Section 5.6.
Step 10. Check continuity plate requirements according to Chapter 2.
Step 11. Check column-beam relationship limitations according to Section 5.4.

9.2–19
CHAPTER 6
BOLTED UNSTIFFENED AND STIFFENED EXTENDED
END-PLATE MOMENT CONNECTIONS
6.1. GENERAL
Bolted end-plate connections are made by welding the beam to an end-plate and bolt-
ing the end-plate to a column flange. The three end-plate configurations shown in
Figure 6.1 are covered in this section and are prequalified under the AISC Seismic
Provisions within the limitations of this Standard.
The behavior of this type of connection can be controlled by a number of different

limit states including flexural yielding of the beam section, flexural yielding of the
end-plates, yielding of the column panel zone, tension rupture of the end-plate bolts,
shear rupture of the end-plate bolts, or rupture of various welded joints. The design
criteria provide sufficient strength in the elements of the connections to ensure that
the inelastic deformation of the connection is achieved by beam yielding.
6.2. SYSTEMS
Extended end-plate moment connections are prequalified for use in special moment
frame (SMF) and intermediate moment frame (IMF) systems.
Exception: Extended end-plate moment connections in SMF systems with concrete

structural slabs are prequalified only if:
(1) In addition to the limitations of Section 6.3, the nominal beam depth is not less
than 24 in. (610 mm);
(a) (b) (c)
Fig. 6.1. Extended end-plate configurations: (a) four-bolt unstiffened, 4E;

(b) four-bolt stiffened, 4ES; (c) eight-bolt stiffened, 8ES.

9.2–20 SYSTEMS [Sect. 6.2.
TABLE 6.1
Parametric Limitations on Prequalification
Four-Bolt Unstiffened Four-Bolt Stiffened Eight-Bolt Stiffened
(4E) (4ES) (8ES)
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

Parameter
in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm)
tbf 3/4 (19) 3/8 (10) 3/4 (19) 3/8 (10) 1 (25) 9/16 (14)
bbf 9 1/4 (235) 6 (152) 9 (229) 6 (152) 12 1/4 (311) 7 1/2 (190)
d 55 (1400) 13 3/4 (349) 24 (610) 13 3/4 (349) 36 (914) 18 (457)
tp 2 1/4 (57) 1/2 (13) 1 1/2 (38) 1/2 (13) 2 1/2 (64) 3/4 (19)
bp 10 3/4 (273) 7 (178) 10 3/4 (273) 7 (178) 15 (381) 9 (229)
g 6 (152) 4 (102) 6 (152) 3 1/4 (83) 6 (152) 5 (127)
pfi, pfo 4 1/2 (114) 1 1/2 (38) 5 1/2 (140) 1 3/4 (44) 2 (51) 1 5/8 (41)
pb — — — — 3 3/4 (95) 3 1/2 (89)

bp = width of end-plate, in. (mm)
d = depth of connecting beam, in. (mm)
g = horizontal distance between bolts, in. (mm)
pb = vertical distance between the inner and outer row of bolts in an 8ES connection,
in. (mm)
pfi = vertical distance from the inside of a beam tension flange to the nearest inside bolt
row, in. (mm)
pfo = vertical distance from the outside of a beam tension flange to the nearest outside bolt
row, in. (mm)
tp = thickness of end-plate, in. (mm)
(2) There are no shear connectors within 1.5 times the beam depth from the face of
the connected column flange; and
(3) The concrete structural slab is kept at least 1 in. (25 mm) from both sides of both
column flanges. It is permitted to place compressible material in the gap between
the column flanges and the concrete structural slab.

Table 6.1 is a summary of the range of parameters that have been satisfactorily tested.
All connection elements shall be within the ranges shown.
6.4. BEAM LIMITATIONS


Sect. 6.5.] COLUMN LIMITATIONS 9.2–21

the requirements of Section 2.3. At moment-connected ends of welded built-up
sections, within at least the depth of beam or 3 times the width of flange,
whichever is less, the beam web and flanges shall be connected using either a
complete-joint-penetration (CJP) groove weld or a pair of fillet welds each hav-
ing a size 75% of the beam web thickness but not less than 1/4 in. (6 mm). For the
remainder of the beam, the weld size shall not be less than that required to
accomplish shear transfer from the web to the flanges.
(2) Beam depth, d, is limited to values shown in Table 6.1.
(3) There is no limit on the weight per foot of beams.
(4) Beam flange thickness is limited to the values shown in Table 6.1.
(5) The clear span-to-depth ratio of the beam shall be limited as follows:
(7) Lateral bracing of beams shall be provided in accordance with the AISC Seismic
Provisions.
(8) The protected zone shall be determined as follows:

(a) For unstiffened extended end-plate connections: the portion of beam between
the face of the column and a distance equal to the depth of the beam or 3
times the width of the beam flange from the face of the column, whichever is
less.
(b) For stiffened extended end-plate connections: the portion of beam between
the face of the column and a distance equal to the location of the end of the
stiffener plus one-half the depth of the beam or 3 times the width of the beam
flange, whichever is less.
6.5. COLUMN LIMITATIONS

(1) The end-plate shall be connected to the flange of the column.
(2) Rolled shape column depth shall be limited to W36 (W920) maximum. The
allowed for rolled shapes.

9.2–22 COLUMN LIMITATIONS [Sect. 6.5.
(5) Width-to-thickness ratios for the flanges and web of the column shall conform to

(2) Column-beam moment ratios shall conform to the requirements of the AISC
Seismic Provisions.
6.7. CONTINUITY PLATES

Continuity plates shall satisfy the following limitations:
(1) The need for continuity plates shall be determined in accordance with Section
6.10.
(2) When provided, continuity plates shall conform to the requirements of Section
6.10.
(3) Continuity plates shall be attached to columns by welds in accordance with the
AISC Seismic Provisions.
Exception: Continuity plates less than or equal to 3/8 in. (10 mm) shall be permit-
ted to be welded to column flanges using double-sided fillet welds. The required
strength of the fillet welds shall not be less than Fy Ac, where Ac is defined as the
contact areas between the continuity plate and the column flanges that have
attached beam flanges and Fy is defined as the specified minimum yield stress of
the continuity plate.
6.8. BOLTS
Bolts shall conform to the requirements of Chapter 4.
6.9. CONNECTION DETAILING
1. Gage
The gage, g, is as defined in Figures 6.2 through 6.4. The maximum gage dimension
is limited to the width of the connected beam flange.
2. Pitch and Row Spacing

The minimum pitch distance is the bolt diameter plus 1/2 in. (13 mm) for bolts up to
1 in. (25 mm) diameter, and the bolt diameter plus 3/4 in. (19 mm) for larger diame-
ter bolts. The pitch distances, pfi and pfo, are the distances from the face of the beam
flange to the centerline of the nearer bolt row, as shown in Figures 6.2 through 6.4.
The pitch distances, psi and pso, are the distances from the face of the continuity plate
to the centerline of the nearer bolt row, as shown in Figures 6.2 through 6.4.

Sect. 6.9.] CONNECTION DETAILING 9.2–23
Fig. 6.2. Four-bolt unstiffened extended end-plate (4E) geometry.
Fig. 6.3. Four-bolt stiffened extended end-plate (4ES) geometry.

9.2–24 CONNECTION DETAILING [Sect. 6.9.
The spacing, pb, is the distance between the inner and outer row of bolts in an 8ES
end-plate moment connection and is shown in Figure 6.4. The spacing of the bolt
rows shall be at least 22/3 times the bolt diameter.
User Note: A distance of 3 times the bolt diameter is preferred. The distance must
be sufficient to provide clearance for any welds in the region.
3. End-Plate Width
The width of the end-plate shall be greater than or equal to the connected beam
flange width. The effective end-plate width shall not be taken greater than the con-
nected beam flange plus 1 in. (25 mm).
4. End-Plate Stiffener
The two extended stiffened end-plate connections, Figures 6.1(b) and (c), require a
stiffener welded between the connected beam flange and the end-plate. The mini-
mum stiffener length shall be:
hst
Lst = (6.9-1)
tan 30!
Fig. 6.4. Eight-bolt stiffened extended end-plate (8ES) geometry.

where hst is the height of the stiffener, equal to the height of the end-plate from the
outside face of the beam flange to the end of the end-plate as shown in Figure 6.5.
The stiffener plates shall be terminated at the beam flange and at the end of the end-
plate with landings approximately 1 in. (25 mm) long. The stiffener shall be clipped
where it meets the beam flange and end-plate to provide clearance between the stiff-
ener and the beam flange weld.
When the beam and end-plate stiffeners have the same material strengths, the thick-
ness of the stiffeners shall be greater than or equal to the beam web thickness. If the
beam and end-plate stiffener have different material strengths, the thickness of the
stiffener shall not be less than the ratio of the beam-to-stiffener plate material yield
stresses times the beam web thickness.
5. Finger Shims
The use of finger shims (illustrated in Figure 6.6) at the top and/or bottom of the con-
nection and on either or both sides is permitted, subject to the limitations of the
RCSC Specification.
6. Composite Slab Detailing for IMF

In addition to the protected zone limitations, welded shear stud connectors shall not
be placed along the top flange of the beam for a distance equal to 11/2 times the depth
of the beam, measured from the face of the column.
Fig. 6.5. End-plate stiffener layout and geometry for 8ES.

Geometry for 4ES similar.

Compressible expansion joint material, at least 1 in. (25 mm) thick, shall be installed
between the slab and the column face.
7. Welding Details
Welding of the beam to the end-plate shall conform to the following limitations:
(1) Weld access holes shall not be used.
(2) The beam flange to end-plate joint shall be made using a CJP groove weld with-
out backing. The CJP groove weld shall be made such that the root of the weld
is on the beam web side of the flange. The inside face of the flange shall have a
5
/16-in. (8-mm) fillet weld. These welds shall be demand critical.
(3) The beam web to end-plate joint shall be made using either fillet welds or CJP
groove welds. When used, the fillet welds shall be sized to develop the full
strength of the beam web in tension from the inside face of the flange to 6 in.
(150 mm) beyond the bolt row farthest from the beam flange.
(4) Backgouging of the root is not required in the flange directly above and below
the beam web for a length equal to 1.5k1. A full-depth PJP groove weld shall be
permitted at this location.
(5) When used, all end-plate-to-stiffener joints shall be made using CJP groove
welds.
Exception: When the stiffener is 3/8 in. (10 mm) thick or less, it shall be permitted
to use fillet welds that develop the strength of the stiffener.
Fig. 6.6. Typical use of finger shims.


Connection geometry is shown in Figures 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 for the 4E, 4ES and 8ES
connections, respectively.
1. End-Plate and Bolt Design

Step 1. Determine the sizes of the connected members (beams and column) and
compute the moment at the face of the column, Mf.
Mf = Mpr + Vu Sh (6.10-1)
where
Mpr = probable maximum moment at plastic hinge, kip-in. (N-mm), given by
Equation 2.4.3-1
Sh = distance from face of column to plastic hinge, in. (mm)
= the lesser of d/2 or 3bbf for an unstiffened connection (4E)
= Lst + tp for a stiffened connection (4ES, 8ES)
Vu = shear force at end of beam, kips (N)
2M pr
= + Vgravity (6.10-2)
Lh
d = depth of connecting beam, in. (mm)
Lst = length of end-plate the stiffener, as shown in Figure 6.5, in. (mm)
tp = thickness of end-plate, in. (mm)
Vgravity = beam shear force resulting from 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S (where f1 is a load fac-
tor determined by the applicable building code for live loads, but not less
than 0.5), kips (N)
Step 2. Select one of the three end-plate moment connection configurations and
establish preliminary values for the connection geometry (g, pfi, pfo, pb, g, hi, etc.)
and bolt grade.
Step 3. Determine the required bolt diameter, db req’d, using one of the following
expressions.
For four-bolt connections (4E, 4ES):
2 Mf
d b req ' d = (6.10-3)
πφ n Fnt ( ho + h1 )

For eight-bolt connections (8ES):
2 Mf
d b req'd = (6.10-4)
πφ n Fnt ( h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 )
where
Fnt = nominal tensile strength of bolt from the AISC Specification, ksi (MPa)
hi = distance from the centerline of the beam compression flange to the center-
line of the ith tension bolt row.
ho = distance from centerline of compression flange to the tension-side outer
bolt row, in. (mm)
Step 4. Select a trial bolt diameter, db, not less than that required in Section 6.10.1
Step 3.
Step 5. Determine the required end-plate thickness, tp, req’d.
1.11 M f
t p, req ' d = (6.10-5)
φ d FypY p
where
Fyp = specified minimum yield stress of the end-plate material, ksi (MPa)
Yp = end-plate yield line mechanism parameter from Tables 6.2, 6.3 or 6.4, in. (mm)
Step 6. Select an end-plate thickness, tp, not less than the required value.
Step 7. Calculate Ffu, the factored beam flange force.
Mf
Ffu = (6.10-6)
d − tbf
where
d = depth of the beam, in. (mm)
Step 8. Check shear yielding of the extended portion of the four-bolt extended
unstiffened end-plate (4E):
Ffu /2 ≤ φd Rn = φd (0.6)Fyp bp tp (6.10-7)
where bp is the width of the end-plate, in. (mm), to be taken as not greater than the
width of the beam flange plus 1 in. (25 mm).
If Equation 6.10-7 is not satisfied, increase the end-plate thickness or increase the
yield stress of the end-plate material.
Step 9. Check shear rupture of the extended portion of the end-plate in the four-bolt
extended unstiffened end-plate (4E):
Ffu /2 ≤ φn Rn = φn (0.6)Fup An (6.10-8)

TABLE 6.2
Summary of Four-Bolt Extended
Unstiffened End-Plate
Yield Line Mechanism Parameter
End-Plate Geometry
Bolt Force Model
and Yield Line Pattern
b p   1 1  1  1 2
Yp = h1 + + h0  −  + h1 ( pfi + s ) 
2   pfi s   pfo  2  g 
End-Plate
1
s= bp g Note: If pfi > s, use pfi = s.
2

TABLE 6.3
Stiffened End-Plate
End-Plate Geometry and Yield Line Pattern
Bolt Force Model
Case 1 (de ≤ s) Case 2 (de > s)
b p   1 1  1 1  2
Case 1 (de ≤ s) Yp = h1 + + h0  +  + h1 ( pfi + s ) + h0 (d e + pfo ) 
2   pfi s   pfo 2s   g 
b p   1 1  1 1  2
Case 2 (de > s) Yp = h1 + + h0  +  + h1 ( pfi + s ) + h0 (s + pfo ) 
2   pfi s   s pfo   g 
1
2

TABLE 6.4
Summary of Eight-Bolt Extended
Stiffened End-Plate
End-Plate Geometry and Yield Line Pattern
Bolt Force Model
Case 1 (de ≤ s) Case 2 (de > s)
bp   1   1  1  1 
Yp = h1 + h2  + h3   + h4   
2   2d e   pfo   pfi  s
Case 1 (de ≤ s)
2  p   3p   p   3p  
+ h1  d e + b  + h2  pfo + b  + h3  pfi + b  + h 4  s + b  + pb2  + g
g  4  4   4  4  
bp   1  1  1  1 
Yp = h1   + h2  + h3   + h4   
2  s  pfo   pfi  s
Case 2 (de > s)
2  pb   3 pb   p   3p  
+ h1 s +  + h2  pfo + + h3  pfi + b  + h 4  s + b  + pb2  + g
g   4 4   4  4  
1
2

where
Fup = specified minimum tensile stress of end-plate, ksi (MPa)
An = net area of end-plate
= tp[bp − 2(db + 1/8)] when standard holes are used, in.2
= tp[bp − 2(db + 3)] when standard holes are used, mm2
db = bolt diameter, in. (mm)
If Equation 6.10-8 is not satisfied, increase the end-plate thickness or increase the
yield stress of the end-plate material.
Step 10. If using either the four-bolt extended stiffened end-plate (4ES) or the eight-
bolt extended stiffened end-plate (8ES) connection, select the end-plate stiffener
thickness and design the stiffener-to-beam flange and stiffener-to-end-plate welds.
 Fyb 
ts ≥ tbw  (6.10-9)
 Fys 
where
tbw = thickness of beam web, in. (mm)
ts = end plate stiffener thickness, in. (mm)
Fyb = specified minimum yield stress of beam material, ksi (MPa)
Fys = specified minimum yield stress of stiffener material, ksi (MPa)
The stiffener geometry shall conform to the requirements of Section 6.9.4. In addi-
tion, to prevent local buckling of the stiffener plate, the following width-to-thickness
criterion shall be satisfied.
hst E
< 0.56 (6.10-10)
ts Fys
where hst is the height of the stiffener, in. (mm), equal to the height of the end-plate
from the outside face of the beam flange to the end of the end-plate.
The stiffener-to-beam-flange and stiffener-to-end-plate welds shall be designed to

develop the stiffener plate in shear at the beam flange and in tension at the end-plate.
Either fillet or complete-joint-penetration (CJP) groove welds are suitable for the
weld of the stiffener plate to the beam flange. CJP groove welds shall be used for the
stiffener-to-end-plate weld. If the end-plate is 3/8 in. (10 mm) thick or less, double-
sided fillet welds are permitted.
Step 11. The bolt shear rupture strength of the connection is provided by the bolts
at one (compression) flange; thus
Vu ≤ φn Rn = φn(nb)Fnv Ab (6.10-11)

where
nb = number of bolts at the compression flange
= 4 for 4E and 4ES connections
= 8 for 8ES connections
Ab = nominal gross area of bolt, in.2 (mm2)
Fnv = nominal shear strength of bolt from the AISC Specification, ksi (MPa)
Vu = shear force at the end of the beam, kips (N), given by Equation 6.10-2
Step 12. Check bolt-bearing/tear-out failure of the end-plate and column flange:
Vu ≤ φn Rn = φn (ni)rni + φn (no)rno (6.10-12)
where
ni = number of inner bolts
no = number of outer bolts
rni = 1.2 Lc tFu < 2.4db tFu for each inner bolt
rno = 1.2 Lc tFu < 2.4db tFu for each outer bolt
Lc = clear distance, in the direction of force, between the edge of the hole and the
edge of the adjacent hole or edge of the material, in. (mm)
Fu = specified minimum tensile strength of end-plate or column flange material,
ksi (MPa)
db = diameter of the bolt, in. (mm)
t = end-plate or column flange thickness, in. (mm)
Step 13. Design the flange to end-plate and web to end-plate welds using the
requirements of Section 6.9.7.
2. Column-Side Design
Step 1. Check the column flange for flexural yielding:
1.11 M f
tcf ≥ (6.10-13)
φ d FycYc
where
Fyc = specified minimum yield stress of column flange material, ksi (MPa)
Yc = unstiffened column flange yield line mechanism parameter from Table 6.5 or
Table 6.6, in. (mm)
tcf = column flange thickness, in. (mm)

TABLE 6.5
Column Flange
Unstiffened Column Flange Geometry Stiffened Column Flange Geometry
and Yield Line Pattern and Yield Line Pattern
bcf   1  1  2   3c   c  c2  g
Unstiffened Yc = h1   + h0    + h1  s +  + h0  s +  +  +
2  s s  g  4 4 2  2
Column
Flange 1
s= bcf g
2
 1 1   1 1  2
 + h0  s + p   + g h1 (s + psi ) + h0 (s + pso ) 
bcf
Stiffened Yc = h1  +
2   s psi  so 
Column
Flange 1
s= bcf g Note: If psi > s, use psi = s.
2

TABLE 6.6
Summary of Eight-Bolt Extended
Column Flange
Unstiffened Column Flange Geometry Stiffened Column Flange Geometry
and Yield Line Pattern and Yield Line Pattern
bcf   1  1 
Yc = h1 + h4   
2   s  s
Unstiffened
2   p c p c  g
+ h1  pb + + s  + h2  b +  + h3  b +  + h4 (s )  +
c
Column
Flange g  s   2 4  2 2  2
1
s= bcf g
2
bcf   1  1   1  1 
Yc = h1 + h2  + h3  + h4   
2   s   pso   psi  s
Stiffened
2  p   3p   p   3p  
Column + h1  s + b  + h2  pso + b  + h3  psi + b  + h4  s + b  + pb2  + g
Flange g  4  4   4  4  
1
s= bcf g Note: If psi > s, use psi = s.
2

If Equation 6.10-13 is not satisfied, increase the column size or add continuity plates.
If continuity plates are added, check Equation 6.10-13 using Yc for the stiffened col-
umn flange from Tables 6.5 and 6.6.
Step 2. If continuity plates are required for column flange flexural yielding, deter-
mine the required stiffener force.
The column flange flexural design strength is
φd Mcf = φd FycYc tcf2 (6.10-14)
where Yc is the unstiffened column yield line mechanism parameter from Table 6.5
or Table 6.6, in. (mm). Therefore, the equivalent column flange design force is
φ d Mcf
φ d Rn = (6.10-15)
( d − tbf )
Using φd Rn, the required force for continuity plate design is determined in Section
6.10.2 Step 6.
Step 3. Check the local column web yielding strength of the unstiffened column web
at the beam flanges.
Strength requirement:
Ffu ≤ φd Rn (6.10-16)
Rn = Ct (6kc + tbf + 2tp)Fyc tcw (6.10-17)
where
Ct = 0.5 if the distance from the column top to the top face of the beam flange is
less than the depth of the column
= 1.0 otherwise
Fyc = specified yield stress of column web material, ksi (MPa)
kc = distance from outer face of the column flange to web toe of fillet (design
value) or fillet weld, in. (mm)
tcw = column web thickness, in. (mm)
If the strength requirement of Equation 6.10-16 is not satisfied, column web conti-
nuity plates are required.
Step 4. Check the unstiffened column web buckling strength at the beam compres-
sion flange.
Ffu ≤ φRn (6.10-18)
where φ = 0.75

(a) When Ffu is applied at a distance greater than or equal to dc /2 from the end of the
column
3
24 tcw EFyc
Rn = (6.10-19)
h
(b) When Ffu is applied at a distance less than dc /2 from the end of the column
3
12 tcw EFyc
Rn = (6.10-20)
h
where h is the clear distance between flanges less the fillet or corner radius for rolled
shapes; clear distance between flanges when welds are used for built-up shapes, in.
(mm)
If the strength requirement of Equation 6.10-18 is not satisfied, then column web
continuity plates are required.
Step 5. Check the unstiffened column web crippling strength at the beam compres-
sion flange.
Ffu ≤ φRn (6.10-21)
where φ = 0.75
(a) When Ffu is applied at a distance greater than or equal to dc /2 from the end of the
column
  N t  
1.5
EFyc tcf
2 
Rn = 0.80 tcw 1 + 3    cw   (6.10-22)
  dc   tcf   tcw
 
(b) When Ffu is applied at a distance less than dc /2 from the end of the column
(i) for N/dc ≤ 0.2,
  N t  
1.5
EFyc tcf
2 
Rn = 0.40 tcw 1 + 3    cw   (6.10-23)
  dc   tcf   tcw
 
(ii) for N/dc > 0.2,
  4N  t  
1.5
EFyc tcf
2 
Rn = 0.40 tcw 1+  − 0.2  cw   (6.10-24)
  dc   tcf   tcw
 

where
N = thickness of beam flange plus 2 times the groove weld reinforcement leg size,
in. (mm)
dc = overall depth of the column, in. (mm)
If the strength requirement of Equation 6.10-21 is not satisfied, then column web
continuity plates are required.
Step 6. If stiffener plates are required for any of the column side limit states, the
required strength is
Fsu = Ffu − min(φRn) (6.10-25)
where min(φRn) is the minimum design strength value from Section 6.10.2 Step 2
(column flange bending), Step 3 (column web yielding), Step 4 (column web buck-
ling), and Step 5 (column web crippling)
The design of the continuity plates shall also conform to Chapter E of the AISC
Seismic Provisions, and the welds shall be designed in accordance with Section 6.7(3).
Step 7. Check the panel zone in accordance with Section 6.6(1).

9.2–39
CHAPTER 7
BOLTED FLANGE PLATE (BFP)
MOMENT CONNECTION
7.1. GENERAL
Bolted flange plate (BFP) moment connections utilize plates welded to column
flanges and bolted to beam flanges. The top and bottom plates must be identical.
Flange plates are welded to the column flange using complete-joint-penetration
(CJP) groove welds and beam flange connections are made with high-strength bolts.
The beam web is connected to the column flange using a bolted shear tab with bolts
in short-slotted holes. Details for this connection type are shown in Figure 7.1. Initial
yielding and plastic hinge formation are intended to occur in the beam in the region
near the end of the flange plates.
7.2. SYSTEMS
Bolted flange plate connections are prequalified for use in special moment frame
(SMF) and intermediate moment frame (IMF) systems within the limitations of these
provisions.
Exception: Bolted flange plate connections in SMF systems with concrete structural
slabs are only prequalified if the concrete structural slab is kept at least 1 in. (25 mm)
from both sides of both column flanges. It is permissible to place compressible mate-
rial in the gap between the column flanges and the concrete structural slab.
Fig. 7.1. Bolted flange plate moment connection.

1. Beam Limitations
(1) Beams shall be rolled wide-flange or welded built-up I-shaped members con-
forming to the requirements in Section 2.3.
(2) Beam depth is limited to a maximum of W36 (W920) for rolled shapes. Depth of
built-up sections shall not exceed the depth permitted for rolled wide-flange
shapes.
(3) Beam weight is limited to a maximum of 150 lb/ft (224 kg/m).
(4) Beam flange thickness is limited to a maximum of 1 in. (25 mm).
(5) The clear span-to-depth ratio of the beam is limited as follows:

(7) Lateral bracing of beams shall be provided as follows:

Lateral bracing of beams shall conform to the requirements of the AISC Seismic
Provisions. To satisfy the requirements of Chapter E of the AISC Seismic
Provisions for lateral bracing at plastic hinges, supplemental lateral bracing shall
be provided at both the top and bottom beam flanges, and shall be located a dis-
tance of d to 1.5d from the bolt farthest from the face of the column. No
attachment of lateral bracing shall be made within the protected zone.
Exception: For both SMF and IMF systems, where the beam supports a concrete
structural slab that is connected along the beam span between protected zones
with welded shear connectors spaced at a maximum of 12 in. (300 mm) on cen-
ter, supplemental top and bottom flange bracing at plastic hinges is not required.
(8) The protected zone consists of the flange plates and the portion of the beam
between the face of the column and a distance equal to the beam depth beyond
the bolt farthest from the face of the column.
(1) Columns shall be any of the rolled shapes or welded built-up sections permitted
in Section 2.3.
(3) Rolled shape column depth shall be limited to W36 (W920) maximum when a
concrete structural slab is provided. In the absence of a concrete structural slab,
the rolled shape column depth is limited to W14 (W360) maximum. Flanged

cruciform columns shall not have a width or depth greater than the depth allowed
for rolled shapes. Built-up box columns shall not have a width or depth exceed-
ing 24 in. (610 mm). Boxed wide-flange columns shall not have a width or depth
exceeding 24 in. (610 mm) if participating in orthogonal moment frames.
(4) There is no limit on weight per foot of columns.
Seismic Provisions.

Seismic Provisions.
1. Plate Material Specifications

All connection plates shall conform to one of the following specifications: ASTM
A36/A36M or A572/A572M Grade 50 (345).
2. Beam Flange Plate Welds

Flange plates shall be connected to the column flange using CJP groove welds and
shall be considered demand critical. Backing, if used, shall be removed. The root pass
shall be backgouged to sound weld metal and back welded.
3. Single-Plate Shear Connection Welds

The single-plate shear connection shall be welded to the column flange. The single-
plate to column-flange connection shall consist of CJP groove welds, two-sided
partial-joint-penetration (PJP) groove welds, or two-sided fillet welds.
4. Bolt Requirements
Bolts shall be arranged symmetrically about the axes of the beam and shall be lim-
ited to two bolts per row in the flange plate connections. The length of the bolt group
shall not exceed the depth of the beam. Standard holes shall be used in beam flanges.
Holes in flange plates shall be standard or oversized holes. Bolt holes in beam
flanges and in flange plates shall be made by drilling or by sub-punching and ream-
ing. Punched holes are not permitted.

User Note: Although standard holes are permitted in the flange plate, their use
will likely result in field modifications to accommodate erection tolerances.
Bolts in the flange plates shall be ASTM A490 or A490M or ASTM F2280 assem-
blies. Threads shall be excluded from the shear plane. Bolt diameter is limited to
11/8 in. (28 mm) maximum.
5. Flange Plate Shims

Shims with a maximum overall thickness of 1/4 in. (6 mm) may be used between the
flange plate and beam flange as shown in Figure 7.1. Shims, if required, may be fin-
ger shims or may be made with drilled or punched holes.

Step 1. Compute the probable maximum moment at the plastic hinge, Mpr, in accor-
dance with Section 2.4.3.
Step 2. Compute the maximum bolt diameter to prevent beam flange tensile rupture.
For standard holes with two bolts per row:
bf  Ry Fy  1
db ≤  1 − R F  − /8 in. (7.6-2)
2 t u
bf  Ry Fy 
db ≤  1 − R F  − 3 mm (S.I.) (7.6-2M)
2 t u
Select a bolt diameter. Check that the edge distance for the beam flange holes satis-
fies the AISC Specification requirements.
Step 3. Assume a flange plate thickness, tp. Estimate the width of the flange plate,
bfp, considering bolt gage, bolt edge distance requirements, and the beam flange
width. Determine the controlling nominal shear strength per bolt considering bolt
shear and bolt bearing:
 1.0 Fnv Ab

rn = min  2.4 Fub d b t f (7.6-3)
 2.4 F d t
 up b p
where
Ab = nominal unthreaded body area of bolt, in.2 (mm2)
Fnv = nominal shear strength of bolt from the AISC Specification, ksi (MPa)
Fub = specified minimum tensile strength of beam material, ksi (MPa)
Fup = specified minimum tensile strength of plate material, ksi (MPa)
db = nominal bolt diameter, in. (mm)
tf = beam flange thickness, in. (mm)
tp = flange plate thickness, in. (mm)

Step 4. Select a trial number of bolts.
User Note: The following equation may be used to estimate the trial number of
bolts.
1.25 M pr
n≥ (7.6-4)
φ nrn ( d + t p )
where
n = number of bolts rounded to the next higher even number increment
d = beam depth, in. (mm)
Step 5. Determine the beam plastic hinge location, Sh, as dimensioned from the face
of the column.
n 
Sh = S1 + s  − 1 (7.6-5)
2 
where
S1 = distance from face of column to nearest row of bolts, in. (mm)
s = spacing of bolt rows, in. (mm)
The bolt spacing between rows, s, and the edge distance shall be sufficiently large to
ensure that Lc, as defined in the AISC Specification, is greater than or equal to 2db.
Step 6. Compute the shear force at the beam plastic hinge location at each end of the
beam.
The shear force at the hinge location, Vh, shall be determined from a free body dia-
gram of the portion of the beam between the plastic hinge locations. This calculation
shall assume the moment at the plastic hinge location is Mpr and shall include grav-
ity loads acting on the beam based on the load combination 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S, where
f1 is the load factor determined by the applicable building code for live loads, but not
less than 0.5.
Step 7. Calculate the moment expected at the face of the column flange.
Mf = Mpr + VhSh (7.6-6)
where Vh is the larger of the two values of shear force at the beam hinge location at
each end of the beam, kips (N).

Equation 7.6-6 neglects the gravity load on the portion of the beam between the plas-
tic hinge and the face of the column. If desired, the gravity load on this small portion
of the beam is permitted to be included.
Step 8. Compute Fpr, the force in the flange plate due to Mf.
Mf
Fpr = (7.6-7)
(d + t p )
where
d = depth of beam, in. (mm)
tp = thickness of flange plate, in. (mm)
Step 9. Confirm that the number of bolts selected in Step 4 is adequate.
Fpr
n≥ (7.6-8)
φ nrn
Step 10. Check that the thickness of the flange plate assumed in Step 3 is adequate:
Fpr
tp ≥ (7.6-9)
φ d Fy b fp
where
Fy = specified minimum yield stress of flange plate, ksi (MPa)
bfp = width of flange plate, in. (mm)
Step 11. Check the flange plate for tensile rupture.
Fpr ≤ φn Rn (7.6-10)
where Rn is defined in the tensile rupture provisions of Chapter J of the AISC

Specification.
Step 12. Check the beam flange for block shear.
Fpr ≤ φn Rn (7.6-11)
where Rn is as defined in the block shear provisions of Chapter J of the AISC

Specification.
Step 13. Check the flange plate for compression buckling.
Fpr ≤ φn Rn (7.6-12)
where Rn is defined in the compression buckling provisions of Chapter J of the AISC

Specification.
User Note: When checking compression buckling of the flange plate, the effec-
tive length, KL, may be taken as 0.65S1.

Some iteration from Steps 3 through 13 may be required to determine an acceptable

flange plate size.
Step 14. Determine the required shear strength, Vu, of the beam and the beam-web-
to-column connection from:
2 M pr
Vu = + Vgravity (7.6-13)
Lh
where
Vgravity = beam shear force resulting from 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S (where f1 is a load
factor determined by the applicable building code for live loads, but not
less than 0.5), kips (N)
Check design shear strength of beam according to the AISC Specification.
Step 15. Design a single-plate shear connection for the required shear strength, Vu,
calculated in Step 14 and located at the face of the column, meeting the requirements
of the AISC Specification.
Step 16. Check the continuity plate requirements according to Chapter 2.
Step 17. Check the column panel zone according to Section 7.4.
The required shear strength of the panel zone shall be determined from the summa-
tion of the moments at the column faces as determined by projecting moments equal
to Ry Fy Ze at the plastic hinge points to the column faces. For d, add twice the thick-
ness of the flange plate to the beam depth.

9.2–46
CHAPTER 8
WELDED UNREINFORCED FLANGE–WELDED WEB
(WUF-W) MOMENT CONNECTION
8.1. GENERAL
In the welded unreinforced flange-welded web (WUF-W) moment connection,
inelastic rotation is developed primarily by yielding of the beam in the region adja-
cent to the face of the column. Connection rupture is controlled through special
detailing requirements associated with the welds joining the beam flanges to the
column flange, the welds joining the beam web to the column flange, and the shape
and finish of the weld access holes. An overall view of the connection is shown in
Figure 8.1.
8.2. SYSTEMS
WUF-W moment connections are prequalified for use in special moment frame
(SMF) and intermediate moment frame (IMF) systems within the limits of these
provisions.
1. Beam Limitations
Fig. 8.1. WUF-W moment connection.

Sect. 8.3.] PREQUALIFICATION LIMITS 9.2–47

shapes.
(5) The clear span-to-depth ratio of the beam is limited as follows:


Lateral bracing of beams shall conform to the requirements of the AISC Seismic
Provisions. To satisfy the requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions for lateral
bracing at plastic hinges, supplemental lateral bracing shall be provided at both
the top and bottom beam flanges, and shall be located at a distance of d to 1.5d
from the face of the column. No attachment of lateral bracing shall be made to
the beam in the region extending from the face of the column to a distance d from
the face of the column.
Exception: For both SMF and IMF systems, where the beam supports a concrete
structural slab that is connected along the beam span between protected zones
with welded shear connectors spaced at a maximum of 12 in. (300 mm) on cen-
ter, supplemental top and bottom flange bracing at plastic hinges is not required.
(8) The protected zone consists of the portion of beam between the face of the col-
umn and a distance one beam depth, d, from the face of the column.
Section 2.3.
(3) Rolled shape column depth shall be limited to a maximum of W36 (W920). The
allowed for rolled shapes. Built-up box columns shall not have a width or depth
exceeding 24 in. (610 mm). Boxed wide-flange columns shall not have a width or
depth exceeding 24 in. (610 mm) if participating in orthogonal moment frames.

Seismic Provisions.

(2) Column-beam moment ratios shall be limited as follows:

(a) For SMF systems, the column-beam moment ratio shall conform to the
requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions. The value of ∑M*pb shall be
taken equal to ∑(Mpr + Muv), where Mpr is computed according to Step 1 in
Section 8.7 and Muv is the additional moment due to shear amplification from
the plastic hinge to the centerline of the column. Muv is permitted to be com-
puted as Vh(dc /2), where Vh is the shear at the plastic hinge computed per
Step 3 of Section 8.7, and dc is the depth of the column.
(b) For IMF systems, the column-beam moment ratio shall conform to the
8.5. BEAM FLANGE-TO-COLUMN FLANGE WELDS

Beam flange-to-column flange connections shall satisfy the following limitations:
(1) Beam flanges shall be connected to column flanges using complete-joint-

penetration (CJP) groove welds. Beam flange welds shall conform to the require-
ments for demand critical welds in the AISC Seismic Provisions.
(2) Weld access hole geometry shall conform to the requirements of AWS
D1.8/D1.8M Section 6.10.1.2. Weld access hole quality requirements shall con-
form to the requirements of AWS D1.8.
8.6. BEAM WEB-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION LIMITATIONS

The overall details of the beam web-to-column flange connection are shown in
Figure 8.2. Single-plate shear connection shall conform to the requirements shown in
Figure 8.2. Beam web-to-column flange connections shall satisfy the following lim-
itations:
(1) A single-plate shear connection shall be provided with a thickness equal at least
to that of the beam web. The height of the single plate shall allow a 1/4-in.
(6-mm) minimum and 1/2-in. (12-mm) maximum overlap with the weld access
hole at the top and bottom as shown in Figure 8.3. The width shall extend 2 in.
(50 mm) minimum beyond the end of the weld access hole.
Sect. 8.6.] BEAM WEB-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION LIMITATIONS 9.2–49
Fig. 8.2. General details of beam web-to-column flange connection.
Fig. 8.3. Details at top and bottom of single-plate shear connection.

9.2–50 BEAM WEB-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION LIMITATIONS [Sect. 8.6.
(2) The single-plate shear connection shall be welded to the column flange. The
design shear strength of the welds shall be at least hp tp (0.6Ry Fyp), where hp is
defined as the length of the plate, as shown in Figure 8.2, and tp is the thickness
of the plate.
(3) The single-plate shear connection shall be connected to the beam web with fillet
welds, as shown in Figures 8.2 and 8.3. The size of the fillet weld shall equal the
thickness of the single plate minus 1/16 in. (2 mm). The fillet welds shall extend
along the sloped top and bottom portions of the single plate, and along the verti-
cal single plate length, as shown in Figures 8.2 and 8.3. The fillet welds on the
sloped top and bottom portions of the single plate shall be terminated at least
1
/2 in. (12 mm) but not more than 1 in. (25 mm) from the edge of the weld access
hole, as shown in Figure 8.3.
(4) Erection bolts in standard holes or horizontal short slots are permitted as needed.
(5) A CJP groove weld shall be provided between the beam web and the column
flange. This weld shall be provided over the full length of the web between weld
access holes, and shall conform to the requirements for demand critical welds in
the AISC Seismic Provisions and AWS D1.8/D1.8M. Weld tabs are not required.
Weld tabs, if used, must be removed after welding in accordance with the
requirements of Section 3.4. When weld tabs are not used, the use of cascaded
weld ends within the weld groove shall be permitted at a maximum angle of 45°.
Nondestructive testing (NDT) of cascaded weld ends need not be performed.

Step 1. Compute the probable maximum moment at the plastic hinge, Mpr, in accor-
dance with Section 2.4.3. The value of Ze shall be taken as equal to Zx of the beam
section and the value of Cpr shall be taken as equal to 1.4.
User Note: The Cpr value of 1.4 for WUF-W moment connections is based on
experimental data that shows a high degree of strain hardening.
Step 2. The plastic hinge location shall be taken to be at the face of the column; that
is, Sh = 0.
Step 3. Compute the shear force, Vh, at the plastic hinge location at each end of the
beam.
The shear force at the plastic hinge locations shall be determined from a free body
diagram of the portion of the beam between the plastic hinges. This calculation shall
assume the moment at each plastic hinge is Mpr and shall include gravity loads act-
ing on the beam between the hinges based on the load combination 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S.

Step 4. Check column-beam relationship limitations per Section 8.4. For SMF, the
required shear strength of the panel zone, per the AISC Seismic Provisions, shall be
determined from the summation of the probable maximum moments at the face of
the column. The probable maximum moment at the face of the column shall be taken
as Mpr, computed per Step 1. Provide doubler plates as necessary.
Step 5. Check beam design shear strength:
The required shear strength, Vu, of the beam shall be taken equal to the larger of the
two values of Vh computed at each end of the beam in Step 3.
Step 6. Check column continuity plate requirements per Section 2.4.4. Provide con-
tinuity plates as necessary.

9.2–52
CHAPTER 9
KAISER BOLTED BRACKET (KBB)
MOMENT CONNECTION
The user’s attention is called to the fact that compliance with this chapter of the standard
requires use of an invention covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no posi-
tion is taken with respect to the validity of any claim(s) or of any patent rights in connection
therewith. The patent holder has filed a statement of willingness to grant a license under these
rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to
obtain such a license. The statement may be obtained from the standards developer.
9.1. GENERAL
In a Kaiser bolted bracket (KBB) moment connection, a cast high-strength steel
bracket is fastened to each beam flange and bolted to the column flange as shown
in Figure 9.1. The bracket attachment to the beam flange is permitted to be either
welded (Figure 9.1a) or bolted (Figure 9.1b). When welded to the beam flange, the
(a) (b)
Fig. 9.1. Kaiser bolted bracket connection. (a) W-series connection;

(b) B-series connection.

Sect. 9.3.] PREQUALIFICATION LIMITS 9.2–53
five W-series bracket configurations available are shown in Figure 9.2. When bolted
to the beam flange, the two B-series bracket configurations available are shown
in Figure 9.3. The bracket configuration is proportioned to develop the probable
maximum moment strength of the connected beam. Yielding and plastic hinge for-
mation are intended to occur primarily in the beam at the end of the bracket away
from the column face.
9.2. SYSTEMS
KBB connections are prequalified for use in special moment frame (SMF) and inter-
mediate moment frame (IMF) systems within the limits of these provisions.
Exception: KBB SMF systems with concrete structural slabs are prequalified only
if the concrete structural slab is kept at least 1 in. (25 mm) from both sides of both
column flanges and the vertical flange of the bracket. It is permitted to place com-
pressible material in the gap in this location.
1. Beam Limitations

(a) (b) (c)
Fig. 9.2. Kaiser bolted bracket W-series configurations:

(a) six column bolts, W1.0; (b) four column bolts, W2.0 and W2.1; and
(c) two column bolts, W3.0 and W3.1.
(a) (b)
Fig. 9.3. Kaiser bolted bracket B-series configurations:

(a) six column bolts, B1.0, and (b) four column bolts, B2.1.

shapes.
(5) Beam flange width shall be at least 6 in. (152 mm) for W-series brackets and at
least 10 in. (250 mm) for B-series brackets.
(6) The clear span-to-depth ratio of the beam shall be limited to 9 or greater for both
SMF and IMF systems.

(a) For SMF systems, in conformance with the AISC Seismic Provisions.
Supplemental lateral bracing shall be provided at the expected plastic hinge
in conformance with the AISC Seismic Provisions.
When supplemental lateral bracing is provided, attachment of supplemental
lateral bracing to the beam shall be located at a distance d to 1.5d from the
end of the bracket farthest from the face of the column, where d is the depth
of the beam. No attachment of lateral bracing shall be made to the beam in
the region extending from the face of the column to a distance d beyond the
end of the bracket.
(b) For IMF systems, in conformance with the AISC Seismic Provisions.
Exception: For both systems, where the beam supports a concrete structural slab
that is connected between the protected zones with welded shear connectors
spaced at maximum of 12 in. (300 mm) on center, supplemental top and bottom
flange bracing at the expected hinge is not required.
(9) The protected zone consists of the portion of beam between the face of the col-
umn and one beam depth, d, beyond the end of the bracket farthest from the face
of the column.
The columns shall satisfy the following limitations:
Section 2.3.
(3) The column flange width shall be at least 12 in. (305 mm).
(4) Rolled shape column depth shall be limited to W36 (W920) maximum when a
concrete structural slab is provided. In the absence of a concrete structural slab,
Sect. 9.5.] BRACKET-TO-COLUMN FLANGE LIMITATIONS 9.2–55
rolled shape column depth is limited to W14 (W360) maximum. The depth of
built-up wide-flange columns shall not exceed that for rolled shapes. Flanged
cruciform columns shall not have a width or depth greater than the depth allowed
for rolled shapes. Built-up box columns shall not have a width or depth exceed-
ing 16 in. (406 mm). Boxed wide-flange columns shall not have a width or depth
exceeding 16 in. (406 mm) if participating in orthogonal moment frames.
(8) Lateral bracing of the columns shall conform to the requirements of the AISC
Seismic Provisions.
3. Bracket Limitations
The high strength cast-steel brackets shall satisfy the following limitations:
(1) Bracket castings shall conform to the requirements of Appendix A.
(2) Bracket configuration and proportions shall conform to Section 9.8.
(3) Holes in the bracket for the column bolts shall be vertical short-slotted holes.
Holes for the beam bolts shall be standard holes.
(4) Material thickness, edge distance and end distance shall have a tolerance of
±1/16 in. (2 mm). Hole location shall have a tolerance of ±1/16 in. (2 mm). The
overall dimensions of the bracket shall have a tolerance of ±1/8 in. (3 mm).

(1) Panel zones shall conform to the requirements in the AISC Seismic Provisions.
Seismic Provisions.
9.5. BRACKET-TO-COLUMN FLANGE LIMITATIONS

Bracket-to-column flange connections shall satisfy the following limitations:
(1) Column flange fasteners shall be pretensioned ASTM A490, A490M, A354
Grade BD bolts, or A354 Grade BD threaded rods, and shall conform to the
requirements of Chapter 4.
(2) Column flange bolt holes shall be 1/8 in. (3 mm) larger than the nominal bolt
diameter. Bolt holes shall be drilled or subpunched and reamed. Punched holes
are not permitted.

9.2–56 BRACKET-TO-COLUMN FLANGE LIMITATIONS [Sect. 9.5.
(3) The use of finger shims on either or both sides at the top and/or bottom of
the bracket connection is permitted, subject to the limitations of the RCSC
Specification.
(4) When bolted to a box column, a steel washer plate shall be inserted between the
box column and the bracket on both faces of the column. The washer plate shall
be ASTM A572/A572M Grade 50 (345) or better and shall be designed to trans-
fer the bolt forces to the outside edges of the column. Where required, the vertical
plate depth may extend beyond the contact surface area by up to 4 in. (102 mm).
The plate thickness shall not exceed 3 in. (76 mm). The fasteners shall pass
through the interior of the box column and be anchored on the opposite face. The
opposite face shall also have a steel washer plate.
(5) When connecting to the orthogonal face of a box column concurrent with a con-
nection on the primary column face, a 13/4-in. (44-mm) steel spacer plate shall be
inserted between the beam flanges and the brackets of the orthogonal connection.
The spacer plate shall be made of any of the structural steel materials included in
the AISC Specification and shall be the approximate width and length matching
that of the bracket contact surface area.
9.6. BRACKET-TO-BEAM FLANGE CONNECTION LIMITATIONS

Bracket-to-beam-flange connections shall satisfy the following limitations:
(1) When welded to the beam flange, the bracket shall be connected using fillet
welds. Bracket welds shall conform to the requirements for demand critical
welds in the AISC Seismic Provisions and AWS D1.8/D1.8M, and to the require-
ments of AWS D1.1/D1.1M. The weld procedure specification (WPS) for the
fillet weld joining the bracket to the beam flange shall be qualified with the cast-
ing material. Welds shall not be started or stopped within 2 in. (51 mm) of the
bracket tip and shall be continuous around the tip.
(2) When bolted to the beam flange, fasteners shall be pretensioned ASTM A490 or
A490M bolts with threads excluded from the shear plane and shall conform to
the requirements of Chapter 4.
(3) Beam flange bolt holes shall be 15/32 in. (29 mm) and shall be drilled using the
bracket as a template. Punched holes are not permitted.
(4) When bolted to the beam flange, a 1/8-in. (3-mm)-thick brass washer plate with
an approximate width and length matching that of the bracket contact surface
area shall be placed between the beam flange and the bracket. The brass shall be
a half-hard tempered ASTM B19 or B36/B36M sheet.
(5) When bolted to the beam flange, a 1-in. (25-mm)-thick by 4-in. (102-mm)-wide
ASTM A572/A572M Grade 50 (345) plate washer shall be used on the opposite
side of the connected beam flange.

9.7. BEAM WEB-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION LIMITATIONS

Beam web-to-column flange connections shall satisfy the following limitations:
(1) The required shear strength of the beam web connection shall be determined
according to Section 9.9.
(2) The single-plate shear connection shall be connected to the column flange using
a two-sided fillet weld, two-sided PJP groove weld or CJP groove weld.

If welded to the beam flange, Figure 9.4 shows the connection detailing for the
W-series bracket configurations. If bolted to the beam flange, Figure 9.5 shows the
connection detailing for the B-series bracket configurations. Table 9.1 summarizes
Fig. 9.4. W-series connection detailing.

the KBB proportions and column bolt parameters. Table 9.2 summarizes the design
proportions for the W-series bracket configuration. Table 9.3 summarizes the design
proportions for the B-series bracket configurations.

Step 1. Select beam and column elements which satisfy the limits of Section 9.3.
Step 2. Compute the probable maximum moment, Mpr, at the location of the plastic
hinge according to Section 2.4.3.
Step 3. Select a trial bracket from Table 9.1.
Step 4. Compute the shear force at the beam hinge location at each end of the beam.
The shear force at the hinge location, Vh, shall be determined from a free-body dia-
gram of the portion of the beam between the hinge locations. This calculation shall
assume the moment at the hinge location is Mpr and shall include gravity loads act-
ing on the beam based on the load combination 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S, kips (N) where f1
is the load factor determined by the applicable building code for live loads, but not
less than 0.5.
Fig. 9.5. B-series connection detailing.

TABLE 9.1
Kaiser Bolted Bracket Proportions
Bracket Bracket Bracket Bracket Number of Column Column
Designation Length, Height, Width, Column Bolt Gage, Bolt
Lbb hbb bbb Bolts, g Diameter
in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) ncb in. (mm) in. (mm)
W3.0 16 (406) 5 1/2 (140) 9 (229) 2 5 1/2 (140) 1 3/8 (35)
W3.1 16 (406) 5 1/2 (140) 9 (229) 2 5 1/2 (140) 1 1/2 (38)
W2.0 16 (406) 8 3/4 (222) 9 1/2 (241) 4 6 (152) 1 3/8 (35)
W2.1 18 (457) 8 3/4 (222) 9 1/2 (241) 4 6 1/2 (165) 1 1/2 (38)
W1.0 25 1/2 (648) 12 (305) 9 1/2 (241) 6 6 1/2 (165) 1 1/2 (38)
B2.1 18 (457) 8 3/4 (222) 10 (254) 4 6 1/2 (165) 1 1/2 (38)
B1.0 25 1/2 (648) 12 (305) 10 (254) 6 6 1/2 (165) 1 1/2 (38)
TABLE 9.2
W-Series Bracket Design Proportions
Bracket Column Column Bracket Bracket Bracket Minimum
Designation Bolt Edge Bolt Pitch, Stiffener Stiffener Horizontal Fillet Weld
Distance, de pb Thickness, ts Radius, rv Radius, rh Size, w
in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm)
W3.0 2 1/2 (64) n.a. 1 (25) n.a. 28 (711) 1/2 (13)
W3.1 2 1/2 (64) n.a. 1 (25) n.a. 28 (711) 5/8 (16)
W2.0 2 1/4 (57) 3 1/2 (89) 2 (51) 12 (305) 28 (711) 3/4 (19)
W2.1 2 1/4 (57) 3 1/2 (89) 2 (51) 16 (406) 38 (965) 7/8 (22)
W1.0 2 (51) 3 1/2 (89) 2 (51) 28 (711) n.a. 7/8 (22)
TABLE 9.3
B-Series Bracket Design Proportions
Bracket Column Column Bracket Bracket Number Beam
Designation Bolt Edge Bolt Pitch, Stiffener Stiffener of Beam Bolt
Distance, de pb Thickness, ts Radius, rv Bolts, Diameter
in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) nbb in. (mm)
B2.1 2 (51) 3 1/2 (89) 2 (51) 16 (406) 8 or 10 1 1/8 (29)
B1.0 2 (51) 3 1/2 (89) 2 (51) 28 (711) 12 1 1/8 (29)

Step 5. Compute the probable maximum moment at the face of the column:
Mf = Mpr + Vh Sh (9.9-1)
where
Mf = probable maximum moment at the face of the column, kip-in. (N-mm)
Sh = distance from the face of the column to the plastic hinge, in. (mm)
= Lbb per Table 9.1, in. (mm)
Vh = larger of the two values of shear force at the beam hinge location at each end
of the beam, kips (N)
Equation 9.9-1 neglects the gravity load on the portion of the beam between the plas-
tic hinge and the face of the column. If desired, the gravity load on this small portion
of the beam is permitted to be included.
Step 6. The following relationship shall be satisfied for the bracket column bolt ten-
sile strength:
rut ≤ φnFnt Ab (9.9-2)
where
Mf
rut = (9.9-3)
deff ncb
Ab = bolt nominal cross-sectional area, in.2 (mm2)

Fnt = nominal tensile strength of bolt from the AISC Specification, ksi (MPa)
deff = effective beam depth, calculated as the centroidal distance between bolt
groups in the upper and lower brackets, in. (mm)
ncb = number of column bolts per Table 9.1
Step 7. Determine the minimum column flange width to prevent flange tensile
rupture:
2  d b + 11/8 in.
in. 
bcf ≥  8  (9.9-4)
 Ry Fyf 
1 − R F 
 t uf 
2 [ d b + 3 mm ]
bcf ≥ (S.I.) (9.9-4M)
 Ry Fyf 
 1 − R F 
t uf


AISC - 358-10 - Prequalified - Connections-1-80

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AISC - 358-10 - Prequalified - Connections-1-80

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

AISC - 358-10 - Prequalified - Connections-1-80

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What is the standard about?

What is the standard about?

What design procedures are outlined?

What design procedures are outlined?

Prequalified Seismic:Sept.

6, 2011 9/6/11 1:17 PM Page i

Prequalified Connections for

Supersedes ANSI/AISC 358-05 and ANSI/AISC 358s1-09

Approved by the AISC Connection Prequalification Review Panel

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof

Printed in the United States of America

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

Ronald O. Hamburger, Chairman Brett R. Manning

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

Scott M. Adan Raymond Kitasoe

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

9.2–vi TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 4. BOLTING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–10

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

TABLE OF CONTENTS 9.2–vii

7.3. Prequalification Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–40

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

9.2–viii TABLE OF CONTENTS

2. Column Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–68

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

TABLE OF CONTENTS 9.2–ix

CHAPTER 2. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–92

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

9.2–x TABLE OF CONTENTS

6.2. Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2–110

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

TABLE OF CONTENTS 9.2–xi

CHAPTER 10. CONXTECH CONXL MOMENT CONNECTION . . . . . . . . 9.2–136

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

9.2–xii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

Symbol Definition Section

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

Symbol Definition Section

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

Symbol Definition Section

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

Symbol Definition Section

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

Symbol Definition Section

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

ASTM International (ASTM)

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

9.2–2 REFERENCES [Sect. 1.2.

American Welding Society (AWS)

Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS)

Research Council on Structural Connections (RCSC)

Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames

2.1. SPECIAL AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAME