PRESENT SIMPLE

FORM

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I work I don´t work Do I work?

You work You don´t work Do you work?

He/She/It works He/She/It doesn´t work Does he/she/it work?

We work We don´t work Do we work?

You work You don´t work Do you work?

They work They don´t work Do they work?

ADVERBS OF FRECUENCY/
USES EXAMPLES
TIME EXPRESSIONS

Hábito regular o rutina Do you work on Sundays? Always, usually, generally, regulary,
occasionally, frecuently, often,
sometimes, rarely, seldom, never…
Verdad general o hecho científico Water boils at 100º Celsius

At 1 o’clock, at night, in the morning,

Verbos estáticos Mary doesn’t think my boyfriend is on Fridays, every week, once a
attractive month, how often…?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

FORM

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I am working I am not working Am I working?

You are working You aren’t working Are you working?

He/She/It is working He/She/It isn’t working Is he/she/it working?

We are working We aren’t working Are we working?

You are working You aren’t working Are you working?

They are working They aren’t working Are they working?

USES EXAMPLES TIME EXPRESSIONS

Acción que está ocurriendo ahora He is reading a magazine now Now, right now, at the moment
 Acción temporal I am studying photography this year This year, at present

Plan definitivo para futuro My friends are leaving for India This evening, tonight, tomorrow,
cercano tomorrow next Friday/week/year.

STATIVE VERBS

Como indican un estado, más que una acción, suelen usarse en Presente Simple. Están relacionados con:

- Las emociones y los sentimientos: like, dislike, enjoy, hate, hope, love, prefer, want.
- El pensamiento y la opinión: belive, forget, guess, know, remember, think, understand.
- La percepción y los sentidos: feel, hear, see, smell, sound, taste, touch.
- Los precios y las medidas: cost, weigh, measure.
- La posesión: belong, have, own.

Algunos indican tanto estado como actividad y pueden usarse en la forma simple y en la contínua:

- Sarah thinks the film is boring [estado]

- Sarah is thinking of selling her house [actividad]

Por otra parte, el verbo see en Presente Continuo indica una acción futura fijada de antemano:

- We’re seeing Ann tonight [Ya hemos quedado]

PAST SIMPLE

FORM

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I worked I didn´t work Did I work?

You worked You didn´t work Did you work?

He/She/It worked He/She/It didn´t work Did he/she/it work?

We worked We didn´t work Did we work?

You worked You didn´t work Did you work?

They worked They didn´t work Did they work?

USES EXAMPLES TIME EXPRESSIONS

Acción completada en el pasado We visited the museum last week

Yesterday, last week/year, two days

Serie de acciones completadas en When I opened the door, the dog ago, in 2007, in the 1980s, in the
el pasado barked at the postman. 18th century, when, then
 PAST CONTINUOUS

FORM

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I was working I wasn’t working Was I working?

You were working You weren’t working Were you working?

He/She/It was working He/She/It wasn’t working Was he/she/it working?

We were working We weren’t working Were we working?

You were working You weren’t working Were you working?

They were working They weren’t working Were they working?

USES EXAMPLES TIME EXPRESSIONS

Una acción incompleta que

estaba sucediendo en un At 9:00 pm last night, they were
momento específico del pasado watching the tennis match.

Una acción incompleta (acción Last night/week/year, at 4 o’clock,

She was doing her homework when while, as
larga) interrumpida por otra
her friends arrived.
acción (acción corta)

Dos acciones incompletas que

I was cooking dinner while he was
estaban sucediendo al mismo
setting the table.
tiempo en el pasado

PARTÍCULAS:

- WHEN (CUANDO): P.CONT WHEN P.SIMPLE

- AS/WHILE (MIENTRAS): P.CONT WHILE P.SIMPLE

Debemos de tener en cuenta que nos podemos encontrar con dos acciones largas que no se ven interrumpidas en
ningún momento, en este caso, ambas irían en pasado continuo.

En inglés existen verbos continuos. Los verbos continuos necesitan tiempo o continuidad:

- Verbos continuos: jugar, comer, reír, dormir…

- Verbos pasado simple: empezar, encender, apagar, llamar…

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

FORM

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

 I have worked I haven´t worked
Have I worked?
You have worked You haven´t worked
Have you worked?
He/She/It has worked He/She/It hasn´t worked
Has he/she/it worked?
We have worked We haven´t worked
Have we worked?
You have worked You haven´t worked
Have you worked?
They have worked They haven´t worked
Have they worked?

USES EXAMPLES PARTÍCULAS

Acción que empezó en el pasado

y continúa o repercute en el
presente. I have ever written a book *desarrollado abajo

PARTÍCULAS

- For/Since:
o For: durante (periodos de tiempo)
o Since: desde (puntos concretos)
- Already (ya):
o Frases en afirmativo
o Se coloca entre “have” y el verbo en participio
- Yet (ya, aún, todavía):
o Frases negativas e interrogativas
o Se coloca al final de la frase
- Just (acabar de):
o Frases afirmativas
o Se coloca entre “have” y el verbo en participio
- How long…? (¿Cuánto tiempo…?
o Frases interrogativas
- Ever (alguna vez)
o Frases afirmativas casi siempre, también interrogativas.
- Recently
- Lately
- In recent years

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FORM

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I have been working I haven’t been working Have I been working?

You have been working You haven’t been working Have you been working?

He/She/It has been working He/She/It hasn’t been working Has he/she/it been working?
 We have been working We haven’t been working Have we been working?

You have been working You haven’t been working Have you been working?

They have been working They haven’t been working Have they been working?

USES EXAMPLES TIME EXPRESSIONS

Acción que empezó en el pasado

y repercute o continúa en el Las mismas que en el presente
presente perfecto.
Dave has been going to the gym for a
year
Una partícula concreta para el
Tiene que ser una acción
presente perfecto continuo: all +
continua
partícula de tiempo

Debemos de diferenciar si es un
I have been eating (pasado perfecto continuo) verbo continuo o no es un verbo
continuo
I have eated (pasado perfecto)

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

FORM

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I had worked I hadn´t worked

Had I worked?
You had worked You hadn´t worked
Had you worked?
He/She/It had worked He/She/It hadn´t worked
Had he/she/it worked?
We had worked We hadn´t worked
Had we worked?
You had worked You hadn´t worked
Had you worked?
They had worked They hadn´t worked
Had they worked?

USES EXAMPLES PARTÍCULAS

Acción anterior a otra en pasado

simple. En el pasado suceden dos When I arrived at the station, the Utilizamos las mismas que para el
acciones, la acción que sucede train already gone. pasado perfecto y para el pasado
primero va en pasado perfecto, la perfecto continuo.*
segunda acción va en pasado
The thief had gone out before the By yesterday/last week/last year
simple.
police arrived.
Partículas concretas: Before (antes),
after (después)