DFI July-20 Digital

THE MAGAZINE OF THE DEEP FOUNDATIONS INSTITUTE JULY/AUG 2020
TIONS
DA I
DEEP FOUNDATIONS
N
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DFI ST
EP FO
ITUTE
DE
Sonic Drilling Capabilities CFAs Support

Loft
Drilled Shafts to
Counter Debris
Superfund
Trench Hydraulic
Bracing
Curing Stress
Effects on Soil
Mixes
GREAT LAKES
ENVIRONMENTAL & is now
INFRASTRUCTURE
Infrastructure Technologies
Specialty Civil Construction
Dam & Levee Repair/Rehabilitation
Habitat & Wetlands Restoration
Slurry Walls
Soil Stabilization/Ground Improvement
Reservoir Construction and Maintenance
Dewatering
Environmental Remediation
Sediment Remediation
Contaminated Soil Remediation
MGP Site Reclamation
Mine Reclamation
CCR Pond Closure Solutions
Landfill Construction & Capping
In Situ/Ex Situ Stabilization (ISS/ESS)
Mechanical Dredging
Forgen
Rocklin, CA
Centennial, CO
Denton, TX
Cumming, GA
Brielle, NJ
www.forgen.com
CONTENTS FEATURES
TIONS
DA I
N
N
U
COVER STORY
DFI ST
EP FO
ITUTE
16 Sonic Drilling for Infrastructure Rehab
DE
Jim McCombs
® Sonic drilling use has grown to include applications such as the installation of
instruments, foundation relief wells, micropiles in contaminated soils, angled wells and
freeze piles. Using infrastructure retrofit projects at a dam, sea wall, and landfill as
Executive Director examples, the author demonstrates sonic’s versatility and its minimal site impact while
Theresa Engler creating very tight tolerance, fully cased boreholes at various angles. Sonic also offers
tengler@dfi.org
the advantages of small equipment size and an ability to drill through many formations
Executive Editor
and fill without depth refusal.
Barbra Rodriguez
mageditor@dfi.org
Managing Editor and
Advertising Manager
Karol Paltsios
magads@dfi.org
Graphic Design
Faye Klein
Staff Photographer
Herb Engler
DFI Executive Committee

President
Matthew Janes, P.Eng.
Vice President
Michael H. Wysockey, Ph.D., P.E.
Secretary
James O. Johnson
Treasurer
Gianfranco Di Cicco
Past President
Dan Brown, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE 75 CFA Piles for Warehouse Mezzanine
Other Trustees Richard Shea III
Peter Faust, Dipl.-Ing. In a warehouse retrofit in Georgia, a specialty foundation contractor
Conrad W. Felice, Ph.D., P.E. developed a continuous flight auger (CFA) foundation option to
Franz-Werner Gerressen, Dipl.-Ing. increase load capacity for a new mezzanine level. The lower portions
Mike Kelley of 84 support columns were replaced with wider flange columns
K.S. Rama Krishna, Ph.D. reinforced by CFA-foundation elements to shore up the mezzanine
Anne Lemnitzer, Ph.D., P.E. 71 for storage and office space use. While improving support for the
J. Erik Loehr, Ph.D., P.E. Member elevated area within the facility, the approach also reduced construc-
Dan MacLean, P.E. tion expenses about 25% and expedited project completion.
Matthew E. Meyer, P.E. Profile:
Morgan NeSmith, P.E. Yuderka
David Paul, P.E.
Trinidad
Howard Perko, Ph.D., P.E.
Thomas D. Richards, P.E., D.GE Gonzalez,
Lori Simpson, P.E., G.E. Ph.D.
Martin G. Taube, P.E., P.G.
Stefano Valagussa
Candidate,
on a
Dynamic
Path
DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020 • 3
STEEL FOUNDATION SOLUTIONS
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n Manufacturing, coating and fabrication expertise
n Exclusive engineering support
n Being a Nucor company strengthens our ability to service our customers
and the industry
nucorskyline.com | 888.450.4330
© 2020 Skyline Steel, LLC. Skyline Steel, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nucor Corporation, the largest producer of steel in the United States.
C O N T E N T S FEATURES
Departments 83 Drilled Shafts for Debris-Laden Sites

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
Philip H. Manavi, P.E.
The DFI and Self-Determination . . . . . 7 Developing the foundation for an
office building in Midtown
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR UPDATE
Atlanta was hindered by the
DFI Community’s Generosity and
Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 presence of engine blocks, auto-
sized slag piles and more at the
DFI ACTIVITIES site of a former steel mill – with
Recap of Virtual SuperPile 2020, OPA much of the debris buried just
winner announced, updates on upcoming above bedrock. Pre-excavation of
events including Virtual S3 and DFI45, each pier location for the Atlantic
information on 2021 events and more . . 25
Yards building and the use of 148
REGIONAL REPORT segmentally cased drilled shafts
DFI Middle East. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 allowed for deeper drilling and other advantages to overcome difficult subsurface
conditions at the Atlantic Station redevelopment.
EDUCATIONAL TRUST REPORT
Update on the 2019 Trust Annual Report
and upcoming events . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
DONOR PROFILE 91 Flexible Hydraulic Bracing for Trench Preparation
Stanley Merjan, P.E., D. GE (1928-2019) . . 65 Braxton Erbe and Doug Brunot, P.E., S.E.
TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES UPDATE When a groundwater collection trench was
Reports from several DFI committees: needed at a Massachusetts Superfund site, a pre-
Drilled Shaft, BIM/Digitalisation (Europe), engineered hydraulic bracing system was
Codes and Standards and Anchored Earth deployed to support the trench’s sheet pile walls.
Retention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Challenges on the site that drove the computer
modeling-informed design included a high
GUEST EDITORIAL
Reconnecting Our Geo-Industry . . . . 105 water table, irregular excavation geometry and
underground obstructions. The bracing system,
LEGALLY SPEAKING connected by pins so that no welds were
Legal Recourse for Work Performance required, allowed for quick deployment and the
Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
modularity to change the trench’s footprint
DFI PEOPLE AND COMPANIES when an unforeseen obstruction was encountered.
News about people, companies and
products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
CALENDAR & AD INDEX . . . . . . . . 118
97 Curing Stress Effects on Soil-Mix Properties
George Onorato, P.E., Giovanni Bonita, Ph.D., P.E., P.Eng., P.G.
The effect of curing stresses on soil-mix
materials’ properties are poorly understood.
Wet grab specimens commonly cured in ambi-
ent conditions underestimate the properties of
soil-cementitious materials. With DFI support,
the authors engaged the industry to participate
in a broadscale research study to gain a funda-
DEEP FOUNDATIONS mental understanding of curing stress effects.
The Magazine of the Deep Foundations The team developed a field consolidometer for
Institute (DFI) is published bimonthly evaluating soil-mix samples under contain-
by DFI.
ment. By comparing those findings to core
326 Lafayette Avenue samples from previous projects, they identified
Hawthorne, NJ 07506, USA strength increases for samples cured under
T: +1 (973) 423-4030 | F: +1 (973) 423-4031
confinement that varied by soil type.
Email: staff@dfi.org
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PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
The DFI and Self-Determination

s I write this message, in early June, I feel be free. This means that suc-
A the overbearing weight of the events of cessful self-determination comes Matthew Janes, M.B.A., P.Eng.
President
the COVID-19 pandemic and the aftermath both from within, and from
matthew@isherwood.to
of the death of George Floyd. As our society, which must offer a free
freedoms are eroded by the demands of and achievable (equally available
social distancing, and we search within our to all) venue for such expression.
communities for the meaning of society, I Of course, freedom comes with
am led to further reflection on the self and responsibility. We are obliged to
on self-determination. Our places of exercise and cherish our
employment, the associations in which we freedom, but we are equally Some of the tools that [DFI uses] to
are active (DFI, community sports or arts obliged to respect the freedom
organisations), our families and our of others. gain common ground include the
communities are collections of like-minded At DFI, we are determined
people that are shaped by the behaviour and as an institute to find common conferences we host, our website and
beliefs of the individuals that make them up. ground within our industry.
In many cases, we are the leaders within We exercise the resolve and the varied publications we produce.
these communities: as senior members of discipline to bring together all
staff, as active participants or by virtue of stakeholders and provide them with a Some of the tools that we use to gain
being a parent. forum in which their voices will be heard. common ground include the conferences
Many of their views and we host, our website and the varied
As ... we search within our communities voices are divergent and publications we produce. Through these
represent opposing means to vehicles, leading ideas and opinions are
for the meaning of society, I am led to achieve a satisfactory goal. presented for review, discussion and most
But through communication importantly, for questioning. We do not
further reflection on the self and on and understanding, our restrict entry or authorship and welcome all
community can achieve our points of view and sources. DFI does vet
self-determination. goal and find common submissions to ensure facts are current,
ground regarding ways to content is valid and opinions are nonpar-
It is we who shape the activities and address shared information needs and tisan. Is this censorship, or does it ensure
influence the direction and the emphasis of challenges. In this open community, we trust? I am proud to say it is our members
the energy and outcomes. It is we who achieve advancement of best practices, who determine our policies, populate the
shape the education, character and moral drive innovation, welcome young members technical review boards and, together,
beliefs of our children. As such, are we and share with the rest of the world. create the forum for this consistently open
succeeding in creating a community in We uphold this credo for every DFI discussion.
which members are, or believe they are, member and every worker that steps onto a Our goal is to ensure that members
free and self-determined? construction site to help build the foun- receive content of quality and relevance
As I discussed earlier in 2020 in this dations of our society. We would be remiss and that a high standard will always be met.
column, self-determination is, in many in our mandate if we did not vocally extend We believe this is how we ensure our credo
ways, freedom. To be self-determined is to this credo to all members of our com- of common ground flourishes. Credo
possess the means to follow a desire, a munity, their families and society as a comes from the Latin “I believe.” Let us
thought, a path without impediment … to whole. never stop believing, and never stop
striving, personally and as an organisation,
to forge truly common ground.

SELIX EQUIPMENT INC.
JEFF CALOW | EASTERN CANADA
CELL: 1.647-532-1416
EMAIL: JEFF@TEIROCKDRILLS.COM
WESTERN EQUIPMENT SOLUTIONS, LLC

CRAIG BERNINGER | WESTERN USA &
CELL: 1-801-560-9170 WESTERN CANADA
EMAIL: CRAIG@TEIROCKDRILLS.COM
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E C O N S U LTA N T S
FRANK MOORE | CENTRAL US
CELL: 1-501-680-3920
EMAIL: FRANK@TEIROCKDRILLS.COM
FOOTHILLS DRILLING EQUIPMENT

BRIAN KASSEL | EASTERN US
CELL: 1-828-318-5800
EMAIL: BRIAN@TEIROCKDRILLS.COM
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR UPDATE
DFI Community’s Generosity and Support

here is no question that 2020 has been best solution for your project
T an “interesting” year already. It is needs. With adversity comes Theresa Engler
Executive Director
difficult to discuss anything without ingenuity, and therefore, while tengler@dfi.org
mentioning COVID-19 and/or civil unrest DFI will not print this issue and
as we are barraged by news stories, or the two that follow, we have
personally touched by these situations. implemented additional means
DFI has not been excluded from the to distribute the digital publica-
difficulties posed by the pandemic, as tion. Just as virtual options for continue their pursuit of
reported by President Matthew Janes in his attending conferences are likely here to stay education towards entering the deep
recent letter to the membership. We are even once we start gathering again, the foundations construction industry. To that
also aware that it has not been easy for our additional visibility and distribution of the end, I ask that you consider donating as you
membership to navigate the challenges the digital magazine will continue once we start usually would when participating in the
state of affairs has presented to them. The printing and mailing again. fundraisers so that scholarship funds
bright side is that DFI’s members have been continue to grow. This allows the Trust to
understanding, generous and supportive Educational Trust Updates fulfill its mission of supporting these
— and we are incredibly grateful. As summer begins, DFI staff and volunteers students and connecting them with
are usually bustling to prepare for our industry members. These students are your
Versatile DFI Offerings Educational Trust fundraisers: three golf future employees and colleagues, and their
When it came to conference postpone- outings in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and interest and needs are great. For instance,
ments, transitioning some to virtual events, California, as well as our we received over 80
and making the tough decision to provide Gala Dinner in New applications that are
this publication in its digital format only for York. There was hope Consider donating as currently under com-
the remainder of the year, I am pleased to that the golf outings, mittee review for the
report that all were met with a willingness to being primarily outdoor you usually would At-Large Scholarship
stay committed to DFI. Most companies affairs, would be held as program.
and individuals who had preregistered to usual. But unfortu- when participating in S p e c i f i c a l l y, t h e
attend postponed events agreed to attend nately, we have decided Pittsburgh golf outing
on new dates instead. For the transition to cancel all three (Penn-
[Trust] fundraisers so raises funds to distribute
from an in-person to a virtual SuperPile, we sylvania in July at Mon- scholarships to students
had overwhelming support from the tour Heights Country
that scholarship funds at the University of
organizing committee in adjusting the Club, New Jersey in Pittsburgh, Penn State
technical program to work online; speakers August at Royce Brook
continue to grow. University and Carnegie
and panelists agreed to present in a new Golf Club, and Cali- Mellon. Even without
and, in some cases, unfamiliar way; and fornia in September at Dublin Ranch Golf the outing, donations can be made
exhibitors and sponsors embraced a Course). A feeling of uncertainty remained specifically to the scholarship fund of
different way of showcasing their brands, about being able to maintain appropriate your choice via the Trust’s website at
products and services to the virtual physical distancing during the post-golf https://dfi2.org/trust/donate.asp.
SuperPile attendees (while others chose to banquets, a traditional time of camaraderie I hope we can count on you again to be
stay registered for the postponed St. Louis and networking. We are holding out on a as generous as possible and support the
conference to occur in 2022). I am pleased decision for the Gala Dinner based on our Educational Trust in the same way you
to report that, in the end, SuperPile 2020 ability to safely hold a relatively large have supported DFI during these chal-
was a great success. gathering in a New York borough this lenging times. Stay well and feel free to
Regarding the magazine, our adver- November. contact me if DFI can be of assistance to
tisers have maintained their commitment, Still, the Trust will be issuing scholar- you and your company. Support is a two-
or in some cases upgraded to a larger-sized ships to students who require assistance — way street, and we are always looking for
ad. So, I encourage you to read through maybe even more than usual during these ways to provide value in exchange for your
their ads and visit their websites to find the uncertain times. Doing so allows students to generosity.

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COVER STORY
Sonic Drilling for

Infrastructure
Rehab
A tieback anchor being lowered into a drill casing to install it near a Manhattan recreational path
Sonic drilling was initially developed primarily as an exploration constraints of the standard 2 in (5.1 cm) diameter split-spoon
tool for core sampling of unconsolidated materials. However, it has sample. This was true especially with cobble and boulder forma-
evolved quite a lot over the past few decades, and has gained tions that contain a fine-grained interstitial matrix.
considerable popularity in the infrastructure/geoconstruction
market as a multifaceted drilling platform capable of providing a Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4:
Core barrel advancement Casing override Retrieve core barrel for Repeat core advancement
wide range of drilling solutions. No uids, air, or mud used Water used between casings sample extrusion following sample extrusion
during coring possibly – formation dependent
In the 1940s and 1950s, sonic technology gained the interest of
the U.S. oil industry as an exploration tool. Then in the 1970s, the
British aircraft manufacturer, Hawker Siddeley, with its facilities in
Canada, began advancing the sonic drilling design further. The
technology gained real market traction during the 1980s and
1990s as an excellent tool to efficiently and quickly collect
continuous core samples of the most challenging unconsolidated
materials. By allowing geologists and engineers to obtain 100%
continuous 4 in (10.1 cm) to 8 in (20.3 cm) diameter core samples
that could be laid out on the ground, sonic drilling enabled them to
see first-hand the true nature and characteristics of subsurface
materials. For once, they were not limited by the soil sampling
Sonic drilling process
AUTHOR Jim McCombs, Cascade Environmental
16 • DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020

It became clear that sonic The simplest sequence in which the drill tooling is advanced is as
had the technological capa- follows: first, a core barrel (of sizes ranging from 4.75 in [120 mm]
bilities of collecting virtually to 10.5 in [266 mm]) is advanced into the subsurface. Then, a
everything, as it existed in slightly larger casing is advanced directly over the core barrel in the
situ, for laying out on the over-drilling process to stabilize the borehole so the core barrel can
ground to be read like a book. be retrieved without collapse. These casings range in size from 6 in
With sonic providing higher- (152 mm) to 12 in (305 mm), with multiple increments possible in
resolution samples and sub- between. Also, for special applications, larger tooling can be
surface information, engi- fabricated. As a result of this telescopic drilling process, borehole
neers around the world have deviation and verticality can be greatly constrained to less than 0.5%
therefore saved millions on in many cases. In addition, this tooling can be advanced on angles
project budgets by avoiding ranging from vertical to as low as 20 degrees above horizontal.
the need to overdesign and Here are some project applications where sonic drilling was
overconstruct. Today, sonic adapted to deliver successful results. These applications
has advanced from providing demonstrate sonic use with dam foundations, sea wall bulkhead
high-quality core samples to tieback installations, and retrofitting deep angled leachate drains
serving as a platform capable that extend through a landfill’s mixed waste.
of installing instrumentation, foundation relief wells and tiebacks
in challenging formations, as well as providing foundation grout Dam Foundations
borings for seepage control in dams, micropiles in contamination- When a dam needs to be drilled despite the risks, sonic drilling
impacted soils, angled wells and drains, freeze piles, and much, provides a method that complies with best safety practices. Such
much more. projects require taking into consideration that no damage be
In summary, sonic drilling is a very flexible and very versatile imposed during the drilling process, whether it’s into an
drilling platform in the hands of a skilled and experienced driller. In embankment dam or a lock chamber for river operations. Damage
this article, Cascade Environmental presents three case studies to could result from elevated pore pressures while using drilling fluids
show a few of the many novel ways sonic drilling is currently being or from drilling that involves an unsupported or uncased borehole.
implemented. However, let’s first touch briefly on what sonic drilling This is why the use is discouraged of water, mud — and particularly
is and its inherent drilling benefits. air rotary — methods on these types of projects as those
Sonic drilling works on the principle of advancing a boring by technologies can exacerbate voids and embankment fracturing,
resonating the entire tool string (core barrel, casing or rods) at a which could cause dam structure failure.
frequency ranging from 50 Hz to 150 Hz
(cycles per second) to overcome borehole Floating platforms for river lock chamber drilling
friction. The frequency is generated by an
oscillator that is contained in the drill head.
With the help of hydraulically powered
motors, two small counterweights spin
extremely fast, thereby transmitting a
resonating frequency directly down the
tool string. At the pulsating bit face,
subsurface materials are either sheared and
collected inside a core barrel during the
drilling process, or become assimilated
into the adjacent borehole wall. Depending
on the type of material being drilled, sonic
drilling can be done without the use of
drilling fluids. This unique approach to
tool string advancement allows sonic to
drill very quickly and efficiently into some
of the most challenging subsurface
materials, such as urban fill containing
thick steel and other mixed materials. In
addition, other formations that pose a challenge to conventional In December 2017, Cascade Environmental served as a
rotary and auger drilling techniques, such as boulders and cobbles, subcontractor that developed a safe and effective method to install a
are quickly and easily overcome by sonic drilling. series of foundation relief wells around the perimeter of a river lock

needed to use this larger tooling and the
Casings being prepared for modified sonic drilling rig
tooling handling process.
Due to the quick turnaround nature of
the project, an outside vendor manu-
factured the tools with input from the
subcontractor’s senior sonic drillers. The
senior drillers helped develop a thread
design that could retain the vibrational
frequency for multiple uses, as well as
helping with all the smaller components
integral to the tooling system.
Cascade Environmental adapted the rig
design from its current fleet of sonic drills.
Using its senior sonic drill fabricators on
Concrete core from lock floor
chamber on the Mississippi River in between Iowa and Illinois. staff, the sub-
These wells are important for allowing hydraulic pressure in the lock contractor was
chamber to be reduced when the chamber is fully dewatered for also able to scale
maintenance. When a lock chamber is isolated from adjacent river up and build the
water and dewatered, water in the relief wells is allowed to flow freely larger make-up and
from the gravel foundation below the concrete lock chamber floor in break-out wrenches required
an effort to prevent damage from excessive hydraulic pressures. to work the larger casing size. Lastly, since the work would occur on
The key challenges solved on this project for the U.S. Army a limited space, floating platform, it was important to consider how
Corps of Engineers included: to safely handle this tooling. Due to weight and space constraints,
• Developing a drilling approach that avoided fluids or excessive 5 ft (1.5 m) tooling lengths that could be handled by a compact
fluid pressures below the floor excavator and pipe grapple were selected.
After a few months of rig modifications at the subcontractor’s
• Maintaining a continually cased borehole with depths of approx- Marietta, Ohio, and Flint, Michigan, locations and test drilling at its
imately 40 ft (12 m), and with a diameter of 16 in (406 mm) Little Falls, Minnesota, facility, the sonic method was applied at the
• Drilling through a thick concrete slab to install 8 in (203 mm) dam. The rig and tooling were able to both core the lock chamber
wells floor that was approximately 18 in (0.46 m) in thickness, as well as
• Working from multiple floating plants in 30 ft (9.1 m) of water advance casing and core the river sands and gravels with 10 in
at all times (0.25 m) and 12 in (0.3 m) core barrels. Once the casing reached
the total designed depth, the well materials were installed as the
• Maintaining an accelerated schedule to minimize lock closure drill casing was retracted to the surface. All told, 37 relief wells were
Due to the speed of sonic drilling, its ability to cut though both the installed in just a few weeks using three separate drilling crews
concrete floor (without a separate core drill) and to drill into the working around the clock.
underlying formation with the same tools, sonic was selected over
pile-driving or rotary methods to drill 37 relief wells. Sea Wall Tiebacks
Previously, the largest sonic tooling available in the industry Tieback anchor installation involves many unique challenges,
was 12 in (305 mm). Therefore, the subcontractor had to develop a particularly the complexity (and potential pitfalls) of shorelines.
means of drilling with 16 in (406 mm) sonic tooling. For the test The technology selected can have a big impact, whether it reduces
and development phase, Cascade Environmental considered three time spent and waste created or adds new logistical issues to factor
key items: the need for larger tooling, the drill modifications into an overall project plan and management.

Drill casing being advanced for a tieback anchor at the Manhattan waterfront bulkhead
When planning a tieback project, project managers and engineers

One of the 37 tieback anchors being
may lean on technologies that have worked for them in the past. installed down a drill casing
However, every site has different requirements, and it is important to
review all options — even less traditional ones. Using factors that the
subcontractor took into account for installing tiebacks along a
waterfront bulkhead near a roadside recreational path in downtown
Manhattan in 2018, here are four things to consider:
Space Requirements: On tieback installation sites, space might
be at a premium. It’s wise to check what size rig the site can truly
accommodate, as well as if there will be issues moving from one
location to another. Additionally, if part of the job site is restricted,
you will want to determine if the other section will be open to
accept a truck rig. One of the benefits of a sonic rig is that it can be
half to one third the size of conventional (air rotary) rigs.
Subsurface Conditions: What is the geology of the site? Before
selecting the drill technology, it is best to ascertain if the formation is Safety Concerns: The fewer processes required around the dril-
homogeneous or interbedded, and whether urban fill will be an issue. ling program, the safer the job site. Ask if additional labor is required
Although every drilling technology has its sweet spot, when it comes to handle tooling, waste management and overall operation of the
to subsurface formations, sonic drilling’s strength is its versatility. drilling program under consideration, and then determine if the
Drill Cuttings/Waste Management: Although it may seem like value those add outweighs the risks. Key safety challenges to review are:
a minor detail, drilling fluid and solid management should inform
• Based on the nature of a tieback project, there may be limited
your technology decisions on tieback projects. When a borehole is
space for the drill rig and any accompanying equipment.
advanced, how are the cuttings and fluids managed? In over-water
drilling situations, this is an especially important consideration. • Obstructions or urban fill to contend with.
Sonic drilling produces significantly less investigation-derived • Cuttings and/or fluids must be managed — and if a shoreline is
waste (IDW) than conventional drilling technologies, which saves involved, it is especially important to minimize any risk of these
on project time, money and hassle. ending up in the water.
While sonic drilling has not been the traditional technology for foundation of the landfill. Each drain in the system was designed to
tieback projects, it can be a great alternative to air rotary, auger and be drilled and installed on a linear trajectory just above the landfill’s
mud approaches. Sonic is compact, rarely experiences refusal, and critical basal liner (which seals the landfill away from mixing with
produces little IDW. It does well with angled drilling, and drills groundwater and underlying native formations).
quickly. Sonic thus addresses many common challenges with Drilling through mixed waste is challenging for most drilling
tieback installations, saving time, space and potential material technologies. Traditional small-diameter rotary methods can
disposal issues. become tangled up in a web of debris. However, sonic drilling can
tackle this task not only for vertical alignments, but also on a very
Angled Landfill Drains steep battered angle. Also, nearly all other drilling technologies,
Landfills by their very nature require drilling in a host of materials, such as auger, rotary, horizontal directional drilling (HDD), air and
including soils, solid waste and other mixed manufactured down-the-hole (DTH) air hammer, would have failed at the drilling
materials. Pipes that allow access to fluids in the foundation of the or failed in the amount of borehole deviation.
landfill are critical to manage these fluids. The process of installing the drainpipe involved drilling at a
During the summer of 2017 at a landfill near Philadelphia, the very low angle just above the basal geofabric liner. Because sonic
subcontractor drilled and installed several angled 6 in (152 mm) drilling utilizes a smooth-wall casing and core barrel advancement
diameter perforated leachate drainpipes on a 20 degree angle. The system, there is nothing for the waste to get hung up on in the
high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes of approximately 75 lft tooling. Additionally, since the core barrel guides the casing, and
(22.8 m) were to help enhance the leachate collection system in the the casing guides the core barrel concentrically during the drilling
process, a very straight boring can be achieved. This allows for
A 75 ft (22.8 m)
optimal placement of a pipe that’s being installed.
drill casing ready In this case, a 9.25 in (245 mm) sonic drill casing and an 8 in
for HDPE pipe (20 mm) core barrel system were used to advance the fully cased
insertion
boring at 5 ft (1.5 m) intervals. First, the core barrel was advanced
into the subsurface; then, larger casing was used to override or
Adding a section over-drill the core barrel. The core barrel was used to bring to the
of steel drill
casing for landfill surface a core of waste and cuttings so that the process could be
pipe drainage
prep

Once the borehole was cased with the larger sonic override
casing, a 6 in (15.2 cm) perforated HDPE pipe was installed inside
to total depth. Then the sonic drill casing was extracted, leaving the
HDPE pipe in place.
Conclusion
As demonstrated in a small cross section of unique applications,
sonic drilling technology can be a “Swiss Army knife” in foundation
developers’ toolbox for challenging projects. It is able to have
minimal site impact while drilling very tight tolerance, fully cased
boreholes, at various angles. Sonic equipment has a tight footprint
and can drill through a wide range of formations and fill, with no
depth refusal. These characteristics make sonic drilling an
extremely valuable tool to consider.
Acknowledgements: The ‘Sea Wall Tiebacks’ section of this article
was provided by Bill Poupis and Shawn Miller from Aquifer
Sample of the landfill’s mixed trash, debris being drilled through
Drilling & Testing, a Cascade Environmental company.
quickly repeated until total depth was achieved. After nearly every
10 ft to 15 ft (3.0 m to 4.6 m) of drilling, a gyroscopic borehole Jim McCombs is a key accounts manager at Cascade Environmental. He has
deviation survey was taken to plot the actual boring azimuth and spent most of his career solving difficult project objectives using sonic drilling
dip against the planned drain installation specifications. The technology and an integrated approach throughout project stages, whether they
average deviation on this project was less than 1% to 2%, and in are multimillion-dollar federal projects or small projects with specific, narrow
some cases, much tighter. objectives. McCombs works on projects for large infrastructure such as dams,
tunnels and ground improvement, and with key clients that have drilling
demands throughout the environmental and infrastructure market.

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DFI ACTIVITIES
SuperPile 2020 — First All-Online Conference

The technical program was curated
from the two-day program originally
planned for St. Louis in early June. Panel
discussions and talks by three industry
experts were presented each day. For
attendees, proceedings and recordings may
be accessed through the MyDFI member
portal. For people who weren’t able to
attend, the proceedings can be purchased
on the ‘Publications’ page at www.dfi.org.
The program also featured the launch of
DFI’s Women in Deep Foundations (WiDF)
Committee’s new video, “What is the
geotechnical field?” This inspiring video
about the many career opportunities our
Chair Lyle Simonton welcomes attendees
Thank you to everyone who supported

DFI’s first all-online conference — SuperPile
2020. Together with our partners at ADSC,
we thank Conference Chair Lyle Simonton,
P.E., Subsurface Constructors, and Program
Chair Paul Axtell, P.E., D.GE, Dan Brown
and Associates, who were game to stay with
us on this new platform; the speakers and
panelists who delivered state-of-practice
presentations; the sponsors and exhibitor
companies who showcased their products
and services and continue to support DFI
generously and consistently; and DFI staff,
who are always up for the challenge of
trying something new.
Presenter David Schoen used creative self-portraits as he answered questions.
A quick poll taken at the start of the panel A follow up poll taken at the end of the panel
DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020• 25

which teams of DFI members tested their Engineering and Environmental Services,
knowledge of history, pop culture, movies and Program Chair Justine Lentini, P.E.,
and music. Although nothing beats the Keller, will lead this event, which DFI
handshake of an old or new friend, these hopes will allow for the opportunity to
gatherings provided a close second. The gather everyone together in-person. St.
events were full of laughs and offered true Louis is our destination for SuperPile 2022
networking time. in June of that year, supported again by
SuperPile 2021 will be held in Simonton and Axtell.
Philadelphia on June 23-25, 2021. The call The success of SuperPile 2020 has DFI
for abstracts is now open at www.dfi.org/ leadership planning other creative ways to
WiDF Committee launches career video SuperPile2021. The deadline to submit bring its technical content to the industry.
presentation abstracts is October 30, 2020. Please share your ideas and comments,
industry offers is receiving industry-wide Conference Chair Jared Green, P.E., Langan knowing that all feedback is welcome.
praise and recognition and may be
accessed and shared anytime at
www.dfi.org/GEO.
Virtual exhibitors prepared brief,
informative and exciting video commercials
that were played throughout the program.
Virtual Happy Hours were held at the end of
each day’s presentations, sponsored by
ICE®-International Construction Equip-
ment and PierTech® Systems. The happy
hours included a competitive trivia game, in
Panel Discussion: Jim Morrison introduces the GBR panel discussion
Some scenes from the WiDF video
Social networking

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Restricted Access Piles Multiple Rigs
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We’re proud of the fact that we helped pioneer today’s AugerPile™

foundation engineering and construction technology at L.G. Barcus and Sons.
AugerPile™ have proven their effectiveness again and again. With six decades
of experience as a General Contractor and Specialty Subcontractor, you can feel
confident in knowing that we understand your construction requirements. We will
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Regional Offices:
Atlanta, GA | Beaumont, TX | New Orleans, LA
Chase Center, San Francisco
DFI 2020 Outstanding Project Award Winner

For 23 years, DFI has recognized superior work performed by its ago, the area was built up in the early 1900s from thousands of
members on projects related to their geotechnical, deep excavation cubic yards of sand, rocks, dirt and debris that came from the 1906
and deep foundation aspects. This year’s Outstanding Project earthquake. Besides the engineering and construction challenges
Award is being given for Chase Center in San Francisco to the team that entailed, the team had to excavate as deep as 30 ft (9.1 m) to fit
of Langan Engineering and Environmental Services (geotechnical all the facility programming on site.
and environmental services), Malcom Drilling Company The unprecedented depth and size of the excavation presented
(foundation contractor) and Condon-Johnson & Associates challenges with dewatering, maintaining a stable subgrade and
(shoring contractor). supporting the excavation. In addition, the foundation conditions
Special Recognition Awards will also be given to two other varied significantly across the site, with bedrock as shallow as 30 ft
entries: Schnabel Engineering, which submitted a project at West (9.1 m) and as deep as 130 ft (39.6 m).
Virginia’s Yeager Airport, where a team stabilized and restored the Langan engineers provided geotechnical, environmental,
safety area for Runway 5; and Mueser Rutledge Consulting dewatering and civil excavation consulting services to address site
Engineers for rehabilitating New York City’s Canarsie Tunnel for the issues. That included offering novel ideas for foundations, cutoff
L Line subway due to Superstorm Sandy damage, including tunnel wall design, soil treatment and dewatering system design.
feature upgrades. For instance, foundations needed to provide adequate
The winning team addressed the deep foundation aspects of compression and tension support, especially where Bay area
Chase Center, a new sports and entertainment center for the owner, bedrock is shallow and the arena core loads would be high. A
the Golden State Warriors. The space covers four city blocks and will combination of large-diameter drilled shafts and augered cast-in-
provide seating for 18,000 fans, as well as 58,000 sq ft (5,388 sq m) place piles were used for foundation support. Due to extreme
of office/lab, event space, retail, restaurants and underground parking. variation in subsurface conditions, the total length of piles and/or
The Chase Center is being completed in the poor ground embedment in bedrock needed to be identified on a case-by-case
conditions of the Mission Bay area. A tidal cove thousands of years basis during construction.

The support-of-excavation system required a laterally
restrained cement deep soil mixed (CDSM) cutoff wall along the
entire perimeter, with an internal shoring wall where the depth of
excavation changed within the site. The perimeter shoring system
included tiebacks in the fill, Bay Mud and deeper dense sand of the
Colma formation. The fill and Bay Mud have low resistance, which
presented challenges to adequately restraining the shoring.
Because of the variable soil conditions throughout the site, lateral
earth pressures were developed for design of the various shoring
systems in zones around the site. This allowed the shoring to be
designed based on specific conditions present in each zone.
The CDSM cutoff wall also cut off groundwater into the
excavation. In addition, the CDSM panels extended into the low
permeability Bay Mud to cut off groundwater. In the southwest
corner of the site, the bottom of Bay Mud was shallower, and the
highly permeable Colma formation sand was exposed at the
bottom of the excavation. This resulted in the perimeter CDSM
panels being designed to extend deeper into the bedrock in order to
cut off the water at the southwest corner of the site.
A stabilized working platform also had to be constructed
because the bottom of excavation was predominantly in Bay Mud,
which provides low bearing capacity. The platform consisted of 4 ft
(1.2 m) of lime-treated Bay Mud, and also served to resist
hydrostatic seepage during construction.
This project is being featured as the cover story in the next issue
of Deep Foundations magazine.

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ICE-formance
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Mast Maximum torque HB55 66,500 ft-lbs 90162 Nm
Drilling diameter - CFA 30 inches 760 mm
Drilling diameter - Air Kelly 30 inches 760 mm
Standard stroke 30 feet 9.1 m
Optional stroke - (2)10’ Ext. 50 feet 15.2 m
Maximum crowd force 40,000 lbs 180 kN
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Vertical lift 36 inches 900 mm
Weights & Dimensions
Weight 13,700 lbs 6215 kg
Length without Ext 39.6 feet 12.07 m
Length with Service Winch 40.3 feet 12.28 m
Width 5.6 feet 1.7 m
Depth 7.8 feet 2.4 m
Optional mast extensions (multiple in 10’ legths)
Length 10 feet 3 m
Weight 1500 lbs 680 kg
Operating equipment
Rotary heads EX25 HB30 HB55
Vibrators 2 216D 14D
Percussion heads
*Maximum torque, stroke, crowd force and extraction force are dependant on length of mast
and added extensions. Consult ICE,Inc. for detailed performance capabilities.
What makes the ICE® EM30

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The ICE® EM30 heavy-duty mast was developed with
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This Heavy-Duty Mast is ready with its built-in rotary,
tilt and travel to handle the most uneven terrain.
“Simply put, you can have the mast travel up for eas-
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Available Components ningham, CEO and driving force behind the HD Mast.
Multi-10’ Mast Extensions
ICE Rotatry Heads Equipped with two winches, the Main Winch enables
ICE Vibratory Hammers the perfect flow from hoisting the head to adding
ICE Air Tooling Kelly Bar necessary crowd. One of the strongest out of the
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Down-the-hole Hammers box features of this setup is a 30’ ICE® Kelly with
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In Cooperation with:
ADSC - The International
Association of Foundation Drilling
International Society for
Micropiles
PDCA - Pile Driving Contractors
Association
U.S. Federal Highway
Administration
Media Partner:
PileBuck International, Inc.
www.dfi.org/S3-2020
DFI S3 2020 Conference | August 5, 2020 | Virtual Event
Technical Program Committee

Program Chair
Roberto Lopez, P.E.

Malcolm Drilling Co. Inc.
S3 Lead Committee Chairs
Christopher Ramsey, P.E. Edward Laczynski, P.E. Jeff Segar, P.E., S.E.
Wood Environment & Infrastructure GA & FC Wagman Braun Intertec
Solutions, Inc. DFI/ADSC Anchored DFI/ADSC Anchored
Deep Foundations for Landslides/ Earth Retention Earth Retention
Slope Stabilization Committee Chair Committee Co-Chair Committee Co-Chair
Committee Members
Giovanni Bonita, Ph.D., P.E., P.G. | GEI Consultants, Inc.
Erik Loehr, Ph.D., P.E. | University of Missouri
David Miller, P.E. | ADM Consulting
Mary Nodine, P.E. | GEI Consultants, Inc.
Kwabena Ofori-Awuah, P.E., ENV-SP | Koforia Inc.
Timothy Siegel, P.E., G.E., D.GE | Dan Brown and Associates, PC
Johanna Simon, P.E., M.ASCE | Schnabel Engineering, LLC
Martin Taube, P.E., P.G. | Menard USA
Stefano Valagussa | Treviicos Corporation
Gerald Verbeek | Allnamics Pile Testing Experts BV
Deep Foundations Institute

Theresa Engler, Executive Director
Mary Ellen Bruce Large, P.E., D.GE, Director of Technical Activities
Fern Dickey, CMP, Director of Programs
Angie Gibble, Meetings and Events Specialist
Thank You to Our “Virtual” Event Key and Online Proceedings Sponsor
DFI S3 2020 | Virtual Conference Schedule* | Wednesday, August 5
All presentations are in Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Conference Introduction
11:00 a.m. - 11:05 a.m.
Roberto Lopez, P.E.
Malcolm Drilling Co. Inc. | Program Chair
Incorporating Deep Foundations in Limit-Equilibrium Slope Stability

11:05 a.m.- 11:30 a.m. Analyses: Revisiting Fundamentals and Seismic Applications
Ben Turner, Ph.D., P.E.
Dan Brown and Associates, PC
Deep foundations are commonly used to prevent or stabilize existing landslides, deriving resistance
to slope movement through embedment in bearing material below the slide plane. A variety of
design methods are used in practice to incorporate piles into limit-equilibrium method slope stability analysis, some
of which fail to adequately capture the pile resistance mechanism or correctly identify the critical pile failure mode,
leading to false interpretation of factors of safety. Of particular concern is the common practice of assigning the shear
strength of the pile material, e.g., the shear strength of concrete or steel multiplied by the cross sectional area of the
pile, as a resisting force in slope stability analyses. Without performing separate laterally-loaded pile analyses, this
approach fails to identify whether shear failure is in fact the controlling pile mechanism; more often than not, analyses
show that the pile would actually fail in flexure prior to shear. As a result, the shear strength approach may drastically
overestimate the pile contribution to stability, inflating the calculated factor of safety.
Software Discussion
11:30 a.m.- 12:30 p.m. The following providers will analyze the problem using a variety of methods, present the solutions, and engage the
audience in a detailed Q&A session:
n Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.
n GREGORY GEOTECHNICAL
n Rocscience, Inc.
n Bentley/Soilvision/Plaxis
12:30 p.m.-12:45 p.m. Break
Continuation of Software Discussion with Question and Answer Session

12:45 p.m.- 2:00 p.m.
Panelists:
Varun Varun, Ph.D. Garry Gregory, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE Jeff Lam, M.Eng., P.Eng.
Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. GREGORY GEOTECHNICAL & OSU Rocscience, Inc.
Augusto Lucarelli, P.E. Murray Fredlund, Ph.D., P.Eng Sina Javankhoshdel, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. SoilVision Systems Ltd. Rocscience, Inc.
*Subject to Change
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WEBINAR SERIES CONTINUES
FREE to Members and Government Employees!

DFI and its DFI Testing & Evaluation
Committee launched the ITS Money
Webinars Series in 2019 and are wrapping
up the current series. They are offering a
third webinar on August 12, while planning
the next series of webinars — being held
October 7, 2020, December 2, 2020 and
February 3, 2021.
The webinars demonstrate how founda-
tion testing conducted during the design
• “Subsurface Characterization and DFI Individual Membership. All must
phase can provide data that optimizes foun-
Impacts on Cost Throughout the register to attend. After you register, click the
dation designs and construction procedures,
Construction Life Cycle,” Mary Nodine, links on the confirmation page to receive
thereby saving money while increasing the
P.E., GEI Consultants, and Georgette webinar login instructions.
quality of the constructed foundation.
Hlepas, Ph.D., P.E., U.S. Army Corps of Each webinar in the series provides 1.5
The final 2020 webinar on August 12,
Engineers Professional Development Hours (PDHs)
11:00 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. EDT, includes
to registrants who log in and attend the
the following presentations: • “Creating Art and Reducing Project Risk
entire webinar.
with 3-D Modeling,” Jennie Byron,
• “Design of Large Diameter Single Drilled
Golder
Shafts Supporting the 650-Span Struc-
ture for the REM Project in Montreal DFI members and government employees www.dfi.org/ITSMoney2020
Using Axial and Lateral Static Load can attend the webinars for FREE. Non-
Tests,” Riad Diab, Ph.D., SNC Lavalin members pay a nominal fee that includes

Plan on Attending
DFI45 this October
in a New Online
Format
DFI salutes the deep foundations industry for its resilience and “Work Reaction to COVID-19” — This timely presentation
dedication during these unprecedented times. It is fitting that the would focus on how government agencies involved in the deep
theme for DFI’s 45thAnnual Conference on Deep Foundations is foundations and construction industry are reacting and
People. Purpose. Passion. — celebrating the hard work, connections, responding to COVID-19 and how they are managing workloads
technologies and professionalism that drive the deep foundations and ongoing projects.
industry worldwide. Outstanding Project Award Winner Presentation — This
The DFI Annual Conference plays an essential role in bringing year’s Outstanding Project Award is being presented to the team of
together multidisciplined individuals and organizations for Langan Engineering and Environmental Services (geotechnical and
networking, education, communication and collaboration. environmental services), Malcom Drilling Company (foundation
To achieve the conference mission, but also keep attendees and contractor) and Condon-Johnson & Associates (shoring
staff safe, DFI has made the difficult decision to transition the contractor) for Chase Center in San Francisco (see page 29). The
conference to a dynamic online event. team will deliver a presentation on the project during the
Staff and the conference organizing committee are pulling conference technical sessions.
together a fantastic technical program as usual from the submitted The Family Business — A new session is being planned and
papers and invited speakers as well as timely interactive panel will feature five or six DFI member families with generations of
discussions. The online platform will have ample avenues for active industry involvement. Family members will share stories,
sponsors and exhibitors to not only be visible through branding and challenges and the passion that drives them.
video commercials but also to network with attendees “face to face”
in video conference rooms by appointment or openly as a group.
Attendance, exhibition and sponsorship packages will be
released as soon as possible and posted to the conference website at
www.dfi.org/Annual2020. We hope we can count on your
participation.
Conference Program
Some of the invited sessions being considered include:
“Geotechnical Baseline Report (GBR) Panel Discussion” —
A second installment of the GBR panel that was introduced at DFI’s
Virtual SuperPile ’20 in June. The panel would continue the
discussion on GBRs, which provide a contractual representation of
the anticipated underground conditions for a project and fairly
allocate the risk from subsurface uncertainties between the owner
and contractor.
“Effective Site Characterization” — Expert panelists would
discuss considerations for site investigation for the design and
construction of deep foundations and the importance of complete
and competent site investigation in deep foundation practices.
“The History and Development of Washington D.C.
Monuments” — DFI45 would like to highlight our nation’s capital
in lieu of being in the D.C. area in person by having a presentation
from the Architect of the Capitol (AOC). If possible, an expert from
AOC will share the rich history of development and construction of
the iconic buildings, monuments and memorials in D.C.
www.dfi.org/Annual2020

DFI of India Virtual Conference and Webinars
DFI-India 2020: Conference on Deep
Foundation Technologies for Infrastructure
Development is being held on November
19-20, 2020, as a virtual conference.
Organized by DFI of India in collaboration
with Indian Geotechnical Society - Chennai
Chapter, the event includes 3 to 4 hours of
live, online presentations from industry
experts on contemporary topics in deep
foundations, including the following:
• Antonio Marinucci, Ph.D., MBA, P.E., V2C Strategists: “Recent Thursday, September 17, 2020, 4:30 p.m. IST
Advancements to Enhance Performance and Reduce Risks in “EFFC-DFI Guides to Tremie Concrete and Support Fluids for
Deep Foundations and Ground Improvement” Deep Foundations”
• Professor Harry Poulos, Coffey Services Australia: “Applica- Karsten Beckhaus, Dr.-Ing, Bauer; Christophe Justino, Soletanche;
tions of Piling to Infrastructure Development” and Peter Faust, Malcolm Drilling
• Maurice Bottiau, Franki Foundations Belgium: Topic to be determined Thursday, October 22, 2020, 4:30 p.m. IST
“Deep Mixing Equipment and Field of Applications of the Deep
Leading up to the conference, DFI of India is hosting three webinars Mixing Method”
in August, September and October. The details are as follows: Nicolas Denies and Noël Huybrechts, Belgian Building Research
Thursday, August 20, 2020, 4:30 p.m. India Standard Time (IST) Institute (BBRI)/ TC211 ISSMGE
“Dynamic and Cyclic Applications of Grouped Helical Piles”
Amy Cerato, Ph.D., P.E., Rapp Foundation Presidential Professor of www.dfi.org/India2020
Civil Engineering at the University of Oklahoma

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DFI’s You Tube Channel
We have recently added a number of presentations and videos to the DFI Traveling Lecturer, Willie M. NeSmith, P.E.
DFI YouTube Channel. If you haven’t watched them, or the dozens • “The Application of Drilled Displacement Elements for
of other informative videos on the channel, take a look. The channel Liquefaction Mitigation and Foundation Improvement,” ASCE
is accessible from the homepage at www.dfi.org or by visiting San Francisco Geo-Institute
www.YouTube.com and searching for Deep Foundations Institute.
• “The Application of Cast-in-Place Piles in Intermediate
Geomaterials,” Delaware Valley Geo-Institute
• “The Application of Cast-in-Place Piles in Intermediate
Geomaterials,” ASCE Pittsburgh Geo-Institute
• “The Application of Drilled Displacement Elements for Lique-
faction Mitigation and Foundation Improvement,” for ASCE Met-
ropolitan Section, Geo-Institute, sponsored by RA Engineering
Women in Deep Foundations (WiDF) Committee Webinar Series
“Converting Crisis into Opportunity-Different Perspectives”
• “Engineering Your Finances for Success,” Allegra Stennett,
graduate student pursuing an EdM/MBA at Harvard Graduate
School of Education and MIT Sloan School of Management
• “Why a Seismic Engineer Never Stands Still - Gender Bias &
Global Experience,” Dr. Barnali Ghosh, technical principal at
Mott MacDonald in London
• “How to Lead with Resilience in a Crisis,” Jamie Lee, leadership
coach

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Updates on 2021 Events
Planning is underway for several DFI and N
DA
TIONS
I
N
U
DFI
PILING AND FOUNDATION
ST
EP FO
DFI co-hosted events taking place in 2021.
Piling & Ground
ITUTE
SPECIALISTS FEDERATION
DE
Save the dates and visit www.dfi.org ®
regularly for more information as it Improvement

becomes available. Conference 2021
DFI Middle East Conference
The DFI Middle East Conference is being
held February 16-18, most likely as a
DFI-PFSF Piling & Ground IFCEE
virtual event. The fifth annual conference
Improvement Conference in The International Association of Founda-
provides an opportunity for the region’s
tion Drilling (ADSC), Deep Foundations
geotechnical engineering practitioners, Australia Institute (DFI), Geo-Institute of the ASCE
academics and suppliers to exchange Registration has reopened for the second (G-I), and Pile Driving Contractors
information and present the latest DFI-PFSF Piling & Ground Improvement Association (PDCA) are jointly hosting the
developments in the field of foundation Conference being held March 10-12, 2021, International Foundations Congress and
design and construction. at International Convention Centre (ICC) Equipment Exposition (IFCEE 2021) at the
Abstracts are being accepted until July Sydney. This conference is intended to Hyatt Regency Dallas in Texas, May 10-14,
20, 2020, on the following topics: promote all aspects of deep foundations, 2021. The DFI Osterberg Memorial Lecture
• Ground Characterization earth retention and ground improvement is being presented at the event by Erik
works. Sessions will cover design, testing, Loehr, Ph.D., P.E., associate professor,
• Ground Improvement
construction, ground improvement, risk University of Missouri-Columbia, DFI
• Deep Foundation Topics: Design and project delivery practices, challenging trustee, and trustee liaison to the DFI Deep
Methods, Construction and Case project case studies, and developments and Foundations for Landslides and Slope
Histories innovations. Stabilization Committee, and its Testing
• Geotechnical Software and Information www.dfi.org/PFSF2021 and Evaluation Committee.
Systems
www.IFCEEXPO.com
• Tunneling and the Use of Underground
Shotcrete Short Course
Space
DFI’s Tunneling and Underground SuperPile 2021
www.dfi.org/DFIMEC2021 Committee is hosting a Shotcrete Short Abstracts are being accepted for
Course in April-May 2021, in Colorado. presentations at SuperPile 2021, a piling
This is a 2.5-day course that covers
DFI-COPRI 2021 New York City engineering, mix designs, materials,
design and construction conference being
hosted by DFI in partnership with ADSC.
Ports and Marine Engineering equipment, ACI Codes and specifications, Abstracts are due October 30, 2020. (See
Seminar construction, inspection, QA/QC, and field the Call for Abstracts on page 51.)
Join DFI and the ASCE COPRI-Met Section demonstrations used for civil and geo- The 15th annual SuperPile Conference is
for a full day of learning and networking in technical underground construction, taking place June 23-25, 2021, at the
March 2021, in New York. This joint shaft/tunnel, and mining projects. Sheraton Philadelphia Downtown hotel.
seminar focuses on a variety of topics This three-day event includes presentations
www.dfi.org/Shotcrete2021
including rehabilitation of existing on the latest developments in augered cast-
bulkheads, berth deepening, noise
mitigation for marine pile diving, resilient
waterfront design, case studies and
histories of various waterfront projects in
the area and abroad.
www.dfi.org/COPRI-2021

DFI’s 46th Annual Conference
The 46th Annual Conference on Deep Foun-
dations is being held at the MGM Grand in
Las Vegas, October 12-15, 2021. The con-
ference is a discussion forum for inter-
national practitioners specializing in cutting-
edge technologies and risk management for
deep foundations, ground improvement,
in-place/drilled displacement piles, drilled stakeholders, including contractors, earth retention and excavation support.
shafts, driven piles, ground improvement, engineers, researchers, equipment and
www.dfi.org/Annual2021
helical piles and tiebacks, marine founda- material suppliers, and owners.
tions, micropiles, seismic and lateral loads, and
www.dfi.org/DM2021
testing and evaluation of foundation systems. DFI-India 2021
DFI-India 2021: 10th Annual Conference on
www.dfi.org/SuperPile2021
S3: Slopes, Slides and Deep Foundation Technologies for Infra-
Stabilization structure Development in India, is taking
Deep Mixing in Poland S3: Slopes, Slides and Stabilization in 2021 place November 18-20, 2021, in Chennai,
Registration is open for Deep Mixing 2021 is being held at the Hotel Kabuki in San Tamil Nadu, India. Organized by DFI of
— Best Practice and Legacy being held July Francisco, August 3-5, 2021. The 2.5-day India in collaboration with Indian Geotech-
5-8, 2021, in Gdańsk, Poland. The event is conference, organized by nine DFI technical nical Society–Chennai Chapter and IIT Madras,
being hosted by DFI in conjunction with committees, focuses on effective application Chennai, it will cover successes and failures
leaders in the international deep mixing of deep foundations, ground improvement, of geotechnical foundation work in major
community. The technical program includes and soil mixing for stabilization of slopes projects and current research in advanced
presentations on all aspects of current deep and excavation support. foundation design and implementation.
mixing technology and research and
provides a forum for discussion with www.dfi.org/S3-2021 www.dfi.org/India2021

CALL FOR ABSTRACTS PRESENTATION THEMES
Submission Deadline: DFI is soliciting presentations for SuperPile 2021 on:
Friday, October 30, 2020 • Augered Cast-in-Place and Drilled Displacement Piles
Submit 300-word abstracts at • Drilled Shafts
www.dfi.org/SuperPile2021 • Driven Piles
Technical committees of DFI and ADSC • Helical Piles and Tiebacks
are combining their industry expertise to • Marine Foundations
organize DFI SuperPile 2021. This three- • Micropiles
day event will include presentations on • Seismic and Lateral Loads
the latest develop-ments in piling • Testing and Evaluation
foundations. Invited and selected
Topics and case histories, including (but not limited to):
presentations will highlight advance-
ments, innovations, and challenges in • Innovations and advancements in deep foundation
design and con-struction of deep design and installation
foundations, particularly related to piling • Designing and constructing safely and effectively in
solutions. Presentations that highlight urban settings redevelopment and reuse of foundations
design approaches for foundation • Foundations in karst and erodible sedimentary bedrock
optimization, resiliency and • Corrosion of buried structures
sustainability are encouraged, in
• Instrumentation, load testing, monitoring
addition to national and international
• Construction in sensitive aquatic environments
case histories/topics relevant to the
Philadelphia metropolitan area and • Designing for resiliency under extreme or unexpected
loading conditions (inclement weather, flooding, scour)
the surrounding territories. Panel
discussions on current topics will provide • Marine, port and waterfront foundations
attendees opportunities to share new • Alternative contracting methods
ideas and industry experience. • Foundation optimization through risk management
Equipment, material and instrumen- (geotechnical, contractual, communication and risks; use
tation suppliers, contractors, engineers, of effective site characterization and increased testing of
and other vendors will present their foundations)
services in our Exhibit Hall. • Safe working platforms in urban environments
IMPORTANT DATES
For inquiries, contact: Abstract submission deadline: Friday, October 30, 2020
Deep Foundations Institute | DFI SuperPile 2021
Tel: +1 (973)-423-4030 | Fax: +1 (973)-423-4031
Abstract notifications of acceptance: Friday, January 29, 2021
Email: events@dfi.org PowerPoint presentations due: Friday, June 4, 2021
WWW.DFI.ORG
Deep Foundations Magazine
DID YOU KNOW?
?
Did you know that you can always download the most recent
digital issue of Deep Foundations magazine from the ‘Home’ page or
the ‘Publications’ page at www.dfi.org? You can also view past
issues back to January 2012.
The digital edition offers interactive features. You can zoom in,
bookmark pages, add sticky notes, email a page to a colleague, print,
share and easily search the magazine. You can even translate any part
of the magazine into one of 52 languages! All URLs and emails are
live links. You can contact committee chairs, register for events and
visit advertisers’ websites.

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REGIONAL REPORT
DFI Middle East

The Middle East region is rich with many years, and several contrac-
megaprojects that have a diversity of tors tend to apply what is called Emad Sharif, Chair
challenging geotechnical and deep the “shell correction factor,” or DFI Middle East
emad.sharif@gtc-lab.com
foundation complexities. SCF, to cone penetration tests to
The Middle East is also an area that is compensate for the calcareous
multicultural, and companies from nature of the sand. This practice
different continents are actively involved in is very controversial and is
the ground engineering industry, including rejected by many consultants,
work on oil and gas projects; major particularly because the so-called SCF The goal of the chapter’s participation is
infrastructure projects such as main having a wide range (from 1.2 to 1.5) was to provide an opportunity for DFI members
bridges, major highways, airports, railways, arbitrarily selected. to network directly with Egypt’s ground
and city metro projects; exceptionally tall The DFIME Calcareous Sand Com- engineering industry leaders, experience
buildings; hotels and resorts; and marine mittee includes about 20 members from expertise from different backgrounds,
structures that include artificial islands. leading geotechnical consulting firms, enhance technical awareness and develop
The DFI Middle East Regional Chapter ground improvement contractors, geotech- opportunities for future collaborations.
(DFIME) has established a remarkable nical investigation and laboratory testing The conference provides a good
position in the region as a leading body for companies and academic institutions. The opportunity to meet with geotechnical
organizing successful geotechnical events committee seeks to develop better proce- engineers from North Africa, such as from
and programs for more than 10 years. dures to evaluate the liquefaction potential Tunisia and Algiers, in addition to meeting
DFIME provides such events for members of calcareous sands. A draft proposal is with deep foundation engineering industry
throughout different countries regionally being developed to establish the program of leaders from throughout Egypt.
who come from different nationalities and study and its phases.
backgrounds, and who serve industry roles
such as being contractors, consultants,
TIONS
academics and suppliers. N
DA I
DFI Middle East
N
U
DFI
ST
EP FO
In 2019, DFIME organized and partici-

ITUTE
DE
pated in several area events, including ®
providing a regional conference in Dubai. In

addition to holding upcoming elections for
chapter officers, the chapter has also
established a technical committee about cal-
careous sand, and is in the planning stage
for several activities and events in 2021.
First Calcareous Sand Committee One-Day Workshop During the GeoMEast

Conference in Cairo, Egypt
A committee focused on calcareous sand
was formed by DFIME following our April
2019 conference, based on debates and
discussions on the topic. Calcareous sand is GeoMEast Workshop 2021 Regional Conference
mainly used for forming artificial islands in DFIME will once again support Egyptian The chapter is also holding its fifth DFI
many areas in the Middle East, such as colleagues at this major geotechnical event Middle East Conference, February 16-18,
Dubai. The sands are dredged from sea beds next planned for 2021. The chapter is 2021, most likely as a virtual event.
at selected locations. The sands are typically organizing a one-day workshop at The two-day conference will focus on
classified as uniform fine sands with a high GeoMEast, which is a well-organized, topics related to industry requirements,
shell content and a high carbonate content international congress and exhibition held particularly on advances in technologies of
(more than 80% to 90%). The application of annually in Egypt. The workshop will ground engineering. These include
procedures to evaluate liquefaction potential include 10 presentations on case histories, advances in instrumentation and moni-
of calcareous sands published in geo- innovative designs and practices in deep toring, ground improvement, ground
technical literature has caused debate for foundations. characterization and geotechnical infor-

DFI 2021 Middle East Conference
TIONS
DA I
N
N
U
DFI ST
EP FO
ITUTE
DE
Geotechnical
®
Engineering For
Delivering Sustainable,
Cost-Effective Projects
16 -18 February 2021 Dubai, UAE
mation management. Case studies, panel Details on the conference, including discussion and a keynote lecture. The
discussions and opportunities for social the program and call for abstracts, are topics of the summit will be focused on the
networking will also be provided. available at www.dfi.org/DFIMEC2021. use of geotechnical data control and
For the first time, a special day for management, information technology
students is being organized that will occur Geotechnical Summit at applications in ground engineering, and
ahead of the conference’s opening. This discussions on ground engineering
Student Day will allow civil engineering
Big 5 Heavy 2021 challenges and ways to move forward.
students from universities from countries DFIME is organizing a one-day Geotech- Information on DFI’s Geotechnical
throughout the Middle East to interact with nical Summit during The Big 5 Heavy in Summit at The Big 5 Heavy 2021 and the
industry leaders who will present real-life Dubai, November 12-15, 2021. call for abstracts will be posted when
projects, experiences and technologies, to The planning for the event has already available at www.dfi.org/Big5-2021.
enhance the interests of engineering started, and involves a program that
students in deep foundations engineering. includes up to 10 presentations, a panel

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EDUCATIONAL TRUST
Annual Report Published industry by providing scholar-

The DFI Educational Trust board has ships and opportunities to meet Tracy Brettmann, P.E., D.GE, Chair
and work with deep foundations tracy.brettmann@ahbeck.com
published its 2019 Annual Report, which is
included in the digital industry leaders.
edition of this issue Since its founding, the DFI
of Deep Foundations, Educational Trust has awarded
and is available online more than $1,250,000 in scholar- 2020 Fundraising Events
at www.dfitrust.org. ships to more than 400 students Unfortunately, we have decided
The year ended with studying at colleges and universities across to cancel all three golf outings —
the Trust having assets the United States and Canada. Pennsylvania in July, New Jersey in August
in excess of $4 mil- and California in September. A feeling of
lion. During 2019, the Trust awarded Donor Profile uncertainty remained about being able to
$150,000 in scholarships. For the third year, the July/Aug issue of Deep maintain appropriate physical distancing
The mission of the Trust is to support Foundations features a profile on a donor that during the post-golf banquets, a traditional
and encourage individuals in the fields of has supported the Trust. This year’s donor time of camaraderie and networking.
study related to the deep foundations profile (see page 65) recognizes Stanley Consider donating as you usually would
Merjan, P.E., D.GE (1928-2019), who spent when participating in Trust fundraisers so
an unprecedented 58 that scholarship funds continue to grow.
years of his career at We are holding out on a decision for the
Underpinning and Gala Dinner as to our ability to safely hold a
Foundation (now a relatively large gathering in a New York
subsidiary of borough this November. Please visit
Skanska). www.dfitrust.org for updates.

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DONOR PROFILE
Stanley Merjan, P.E., D.GE (1928-2019)

Stanley Merjan, P.E., D.GE, is a revered
figure in civil engineering circles, having
revolutionized pile driving in New York
City in the 1970s with his patented TPT
(tapered pile tip) system. He worked for a
total of 64 years in the civil engineering
field starting in 1955, and spent an un-
precedented 58 of those years at Under-
pinning and Foundation (now a subsidiary
of Skanska).
Merjan, who also spent the last 4 years
of his glorious career working for Soil
Solutions, inspired and mentored young
engineers throughout the construction
industry. He was a member of numerous
associations, but his proudest affiliation was
DFI, with whom he was a charter member
Stanley Merjan (far right) with CCNY scholarship recipients in 2015
and served on the Board of Trustees. Among
his many achievements, two that he was he met his beloved wife, Florence, who was also a long-time active member of The
most proud of were being recognized by working in New London for the Navy. They Moles, a fraternal organization of the
DFI and the DFI Educational Trust with a were happily married for 55 years until her construction industry.
scholarship in his honor, founded in 2010, passing in 2009. Among Merjan’s other honors was being
and receiving the DFI Distinguished Service After leaving the Army in 1955, he named ORT America’s New York City
Award in 2001. The Stanley Merjan CCNY worked for several firms before starting Engineer of the Year in 1992. Additionally,
(City College of New York) Civil Engineer- with Underpinning in 1958. The unique he was inducted into the Academy of Geo-
ing Scholarship Fund has, since inception, soil/bedrock conditions in the New York Professionals as a Diplomate, Geotechnical
given a total of $90,000 in scholarships to area got him thinking that there had to be a Engineering (D.GE).
37 recipients of this prestigious award. more efficient way to drive piles. In the late Merjan was a devoted father and
David Coleman, with Underpinning 1960s, he started developing his idea for a grandfather. He had three children, Barbara,
and Foundation Skanska and emeritus pile that could be driven to a much shorter David and Alice, and four grandchildren,
trustee of the DFI Educational Trust, led depth and could condense the soil around Jake, Julia, Alexandra and Olivia. The last 6
the Merjan scholarship drive to raise an it. After countless hours of work and years of his life were also made quite joyous
endowment of $200,000 for the fund in multiple trips by Florence to the patent by his companion, Harriet Englander.
order to provide undergraduate civil office in Washington, D.C., he was Stanley Merjan CCNY Civil Engineering
engineering students with scholarships. awarded his first patent in 1971 for the Scholarships are awarded annually from the
Merjan, who passed away in 2019, made a TPT. He went on to be awarded a total of 19 earnings of the fund at a minimum of
substantial personal contribution to kick patents during his distinguished career, $10,000 per year. Recipients must demon-
off this endowed fund, and the endowment including 12 for high-capacity driven piles. strate a financial need and demonstrate an
goal was met in November 2014. Merjan had many other interests. He interest in the deep foundation industry via
Merjan was born in the Bronx in 1928. was a long-time board member of the civil or geotechnical engineering. Annually,
By the time he was 20, he had graduated Community Synagogue in Sands Point, the student recipients are recognized at the
with distinction from CCNY with a civil New York. He served several years as a DFI Educational Trust Annual Gala Dinner
engineering degree. As an officer in the U.S. board member of the Sands Point Preserve, held in November in the New York/New
Army stationed in New London, Connec- and was instrumental in revamping the Jersey area. Learn more or donate at
ticut, he worked on engineering the first preserve, turning it into a major attraction dfi.org/trust/scholarships.asp?merjan.
nuclear submarine. It was at this time that on the North Shore of Long Island. He was
AUTHOR David Merjan

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TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
The technical committee reports in this provide input to code-making

issue illustrate the breadth of ongoing DFI bodies that reflects industry- Mary Ellen Bruce Large, P.E., D.GE
committee activities that impact and wide consensus to improve code Director of Technical Activities
melarge@dfi.org
influence the use and understanding of provisions. Practice-oriented
deep foundations. Awarded DFI Committee discussion and tools are devel-
Project Fund projects examine intricate oped that supplement gov-
design processes and answer practical ernment and educational
construction questions. Workshops and resources to provide a con- advancing the industry. If you are
guidance documents are organized to share structive balance. We thank the many DFI interested in joining a committee or would
and consider viewpoints that represent all technical committee members who like to discuss opportunities, please contact
industry stakeholders. Working groups contribute their ideas, time and efforts to me at melarge@dfi.org.
COMMITTEE CHAIR PAUL AXTELL, P.E.
Drilled Shaft Committee

In 2017, the Drilled the Deep Foundations track at the in 2020 to use these results to develop
Shaft Committee was ISSMGE’s Pan-American Conference recommendations that aid geostructural
awarded funding (Cancún, Mexico) in November 2019. Her engineers in designing rock-socketed deep
through the DFI Committee Project Fund keynote paper is posted on the Drilled foundation elements. The committee is
to investigate shear amplification at the soil- Shaft Committee’s webpage at www.dfi. exploring new ideas for Project Fund
rock interface in rock-socketed drilled org/commhome.asp?DRSH. More publi- proposals in summer 2020 in preparation
shafts. The principal investigator is Anne cations will be posted on the DFI website as for the next proposal deadline of December
Lemnitzer, Ph.D., P.E., associate professor they evolve. 1, 2020. Please contact paxtell@dba.world
at the University of California, Irvine. The The project was awarded additional for more information or to join the
project is aimed at examining typical p-y funding from the Committee Project Fund committee’s conference calls.
analyses that indicate that an abrupt
increase in internal pile shear occurs
between a soft and a hard material interface COMMITTEE CHAIR JASON BODDY, C.ENG, MICE
in laterally loaded foundation elements as
the bending moment quickly dissipates. BIM/Digitalisation Committee (Europe)
The large computed shear forces require
design of congested transverse reinforce- Established in 2018, • 80% of clients never or only occasion-
ment, which often creates constructability DFI’s Building Infor- ally raise BIM requirements at the start
issues related to concrete passability. mation Management of a project.
A large-scale experimental research (BIM)/Digitalisation • 75% of DFI members never or only oc-
program was conducted to measure Committee promotes casionally adopt BIM on their projects.
whether this amplified shear force actually digitalisation and BIM • 70% of members never or occasionally
develops or if it is an artifact of the processes within DFI’s receive digital geotechnical data at the
analytical procedures. The study seeks to European membership and among the tender stage of a project.
better understand the ability of numerical geotechnical industry in Europe and
• Only 15% claim to achieve BIM level 2
and analytical methodologies to capture the worldwide. One of the committee’s first
on their projects.
behavior at such interfaces, to compare initiatives was to issue a survey to DFI
behavior with experimental observations, Europe members to gather information To address these points, the committee aims
and to derive lessons for the construction about the current understanding and use of to promote the advantages of BIM and geo-
industry in how to optimize the design BIM across the different European nations technical digitalisation to client organiza-
requirement using performance-based and the understanding of digitalisation in tions to encourage adoption and provide
predictions for deep foundations embed- the ground engineering industry. The guidance to clients and DFI members to
ded in materials of variable stiffness. survey identified the following clear points: simplify the capture and sharing of digital
Lemnitzer delivered the keynote lecture in data processes.

DFI Technical Committee Chairs
DFI-ADSC Anchored Earth Retention Energy Foundations Seepage Control
Co-Chair: Ed Laczynski, P.E. Co-Chair: Tony Amis Co-Chair: Michael Kynett, P.E.
Wagman GI Energy MBK Engineers
erlaczynski@wagman.com tamis@gienergyus.com kynett@mbkengineers.com
Co-Chair: Jeff Segar, P.E., S.E. Co-Chair: C. Guney Olgun Co-Chair: Gregg Batchelder Adams, P.E.
Braun Intertec Missouri University of Science and USACE
jsegar@braunintertec.com Technology Gregg.batchelderadams@usace.army.mil
olgun@mst.edu
Augered Cast-in-Place and Drilled Seismic and Lateral Loads
Displacement Pile Geotechnical Characterisation for Chair: Kwabena Ofori-Awuah, P.E., ENV-SP
Chair: Jonathan Huff, P.E. Foundations (DFI of India) Koforia Inc.
Goettle Chair: V. S. Raju, Ph.D. Kwabena@koforia.com
jhuff@goettle.com VSR Consultants
rajuvs_b@yahoo.com
Slurry Wall
BIM/ Digitalisation (DFI Europe) Chair: Giovanni Bonita, Ph.D., P.E., P.G.
Chair: Jason Boddy, C.Eng, MICE Ground Improvement GEI Consultants
Arup Chair:Tim Siegel, P.E., G.E., D.GE gbonita@geiconsultants.com
jason.boddy@arup.com Dan Brown and Associates
tim@dba.world
Soil Mixing
CFA Pile Technology Chair: David Miller, P.E.
Implementation (DFI of India) Helical Piles and Tiebacks ADM Consulting
Chair: Sunil S. Basarkar, Ph.D. Chair: Mark Bryant, EIT amiller527@aol.com
Afcons Infrastructure MacLean Power Systems
sunil.basarkar@afcons.com mbryant@macleanpower.com
Sustainability
Currently Unchaired
Codes and Standards International Grouting
Chair: Daniel Stevenson, P.E. Chair: Paolo Gazzarrini, P.Eng.
Sea to Sky Geotech Subsurface Characterization for
Berkel and Company Contractors
dstevenson@berkelandcompany.com paolo@paologaz.com Deep Foundations
Chair: Mary Nodine, P.E.
GEI Consultants
Deep Foundations for Landslides Manufacturers, Suppliers and mnodine@geiconsultants.com
and Slope Stabilization Service Providers
Chair: Chris Ramsey, P.E. Chair: John Anderson
Specrete-IP Testing and Evaluation
Wood Environment &
Infrastructure Solutions janderson@specrete.com Chair: Gerald Verbeek
chris.ramsey@woodplc.com Allnamics Pile Testing Experts
verbeek@allnamics-usa.com
Marine Foundations
Drilled Shaft Chair: Rick Ellman, P.E.
Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers Tunneling and Underground
Chair: Paul Axtell, P.E., D.GE
Dan Brown and Associates rellman@mrce.com Co-Chair: David Klug
paxtell@dba.world David R. Klug & Associates
dklug@drklug.com
DFI-ADSC Micropile
Co-Chair: James Morrison, P.E.
Driven Pile Co-Chair: Steve Davidow, P.E., S.E., P.Eng. COWI North America
Chair: Pollyanna Cunningham, M.B.A. Quanta Subsurface jsmn@cowi.com
ICE® sdavidow@quantasubsurface.com
pcunningham@iceusa.com Co-Chair: Pete Speier, P.E.
Williams Form Engineering Women in Deep Foundations
pspeier@williamsform.com Chair: Lucky Nagarajan
Electric Power Systems Foundations Giken America
Co-Chair: Peter Kandaris, P.E. lnagarajan@gikenamerica.com
DiGioia Gray and Associates Project Information
pkandaris@digioiagray.com Management Systems
Co-Chair: Steve Davidow, P.E., S.E., P.Eng. Chair: Jamey Rosen, P.GEO
Quanta Subsurface Geosyntec Consultants
sdavidow@quantasubsurface.com jrosen@geosyntec.com Join a Committee
To join a committee, email a letter to
Risk and Contracts
Chair: Alexander Filotti, M.B.A., P.E. joincommittees@dfi.org on your
Citnalta Construction company letterhead, indicating which
alexf@citnalta.com committee, and describe your involve-
ment in that technology/ discipline.

In 2019, the BIM/Digitalisation • The benefits of digital data and BIM for use The document is being finalized now, and
Committee was awarded funding via the in promoting BIM to clients for adoption. more information will be available in fall
DFI Committee Project Fund to prepare a 2020 regarding publication. For 2020-21,
• BIM guidance for ground engineers
guidance document titled A Practical Guide the committee is planning a round table
relating digital data to the entire project
to BIM and Digital Geotechnics. The guide event in Europe (once social distancing
life cycle from inception through design,
will provide information about the allows it) to promote digitalisation and to
construction and operation to decom-
application of BIM and digitalisation to the discuss the challenges hindering swifter
missioning, in order to explain the
geotechnical field, which can be used to adoption. The outcomes of the discussion
process of data sharing between parties.
promote these processes to client organ- will be used to help plan future initiatives.
izations. The committee held a series of • An example of a data dictionary and Please contact jason.boddy@arup.com
workshops to develop the structure and specification that could be used to for more information on the project and to
content of the document, including: simplify adoption for the piling industry. become involved.
COMMITTEE CHAIR DAN STEVENSON, P.E.
Codes and Standards Committee

D F I ’s C o d e s a n d proposals include increased allowable (ACI) and the American Society of Civil
Standards Committee stresses for deep foundation members, Engineers (ASCE). ASCE is forming a
continues its work to reduced requirements for pile splices, committee to develop a new ASCE
improve codes and standards pertaining to updated requirements for helical piles and standard for the design and construction of
the deep foundation industry. The Inter- introduced new testing standards. foundations, and the DFI committee will
national Code Council (ICC) has just The GeoCoalition will soon begin be active in this initiative.
concluded the Code Development Process deliberations for potential changes for the The Codes and Standards Committee
for the 2024 International Building Code 2027 code cycle. The Codes and Standards also continues to seek new initiatives, and
(IBC). The GeoCoalition, of which the Committee is seeking potential topics for is committed to improving the standards of
Codes and Standards Committee is an active consideration. practice for all deep foundation industries.
member, submitted 16 code change pro- The committee is also actively involved If anyone has issues or questions about
posals. All these proposals were approved by in improving ASTM standards, and in current building code requirements,
the ICC and will be incorporated into the monitoring future code developments please contact dstevenson@berkeland
2024 IBC. Highlights of these code change from the American Concrete Institute company.com.
CO-CHAIRS: ED LACZYNSKI, P.E., AND JEFF SEGAR, P.E., S.E.
DFI-ADSC Anchored Earth Retention Committee

unusual elongation of large threaded bars. download this document. The committee’s
Our research project funded through the most recent initiative is a task force to
DFI Committee Project Fund, “Developing advance the acceptance of hollow bar
Guidance for Factoring Structural anchors by defining the state of practice
Resistance for Landslide Stabilization” is and researching ways to overcome some of
finishing soon. This project is being the obstacles preventing larger public work
completed by Professor Erik Loehr, Ph.D., acceptance. DFI’s in-person S3: Slopes
P.E., of University of Missouri-Columbia. Slides and Stabilization conference is being
The joint DFI-ADSC Anchored Earth We have just finished the “Guidance for the rescheduled in San Francisco to August
Retention Committee has been active in Design of Temporary Soil Nail Walls” 3-5, 2021, and the 2020 event will present
starting several projects and finishing spearheaded by committee co-chair Jeff a souped-up version of the virtual software
others. The committee is finishing the Segar of Braun Intertec. This document is demonstration that has become a hallmark
review of the results of the epoxy coating specific to the design of temporary soil nail of this annual landslides and deep
testing, which involves comparing the walls and is intended to supplement excavation-focused event (see page 35).
characteristics of green epoxy coating and F H WA - N H I - 1 4 - 0 0 7 , G e o t e c h n i c a l Please see www.dfi.org/S3-2020 for more
purple epoxy coating. The anchor tendon Engineering Circular No.7, Soil Nail Walls. details.
metal creep for large bars project is ongoing Please see the committee webpage at
and is aimed at better understanding www.dfi.org/commhome.asp?ANCH to
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MEMBER PROFILE
Yuderka Trinidad Gonzalez, Ph.D. Candidate, on a Dynamic Path

Yuderka Trinidad Gonzalez is a Fulbright Perhaps most importantly, I have enjoyed single mother of four. She adds, “My
Scholar working on a Ph.D. in geotechnical getting to know her underlying sense of mother taught me to work hard for the
engineering at Iowa State University under proportion and joy. things I wanted to accomplish in life. ‘Once
the tutelage and guidance of Vern Schaefer, you set your mind to a goal, you go for it,’
Ph.D., a name familiar to DFI members and Life Before Iowa State she said.” Setting her mind to things and
throughout the geoprofession. This first The title of the dissertation Trinidad fulfilling goals is exactly what Trinidad
member profile of a student reflects a Gonzalez is “in process” on is Statistical Gonzalez is about.
snapshot of her life. It falls far short from Assessment of Mobilized Shear Strength in In addition to Schaefer, other important
telling the story of this remarkable young Stiff Fissured Clays. How she has gotten to influences in her life have included her
native of the Dominican Republic whose this point in her career is a delightful and undergraduate professor, Omar Segura,
career is replete with prestigious awards, inspiring story of intellect, hard work and under whom she studied foundation
scholarships, original research and the inspiration of her mother, Nancy engineering at the Universidad Autónoma
published papers. Gonzalez, who was a school teacher for 15 de Santo Domingo in the Dominican
Through the process of getting to years before her retirement due to health- Republic. She completed an undergraduate
know Trinidad Gonzalez a little better, I related issues. As Trinidad Gonzalez degree in civil engineering, cum laude, in
have marveled at the depth and breadth of recounts, “Being the daughter of a teacher, I 2009. In 2015, she began her master’s
her experience, her level of motivation, always wanted to strive for excellence, to degree at Iowa State, graduating with a 3.94
and her fascination with the subjects she bring something home for her to be proud GPA in 2017.
has studied and continues to pursue. of.” It was not easy for her mom being a
Working in the Profession
“I hope that my participation So where was she between 2009 and 2015?
Prior to going on with advanced academic
helps encourage more pursuits, Gonzalez more than dipped-her-
toe into the waters of private sector
students, and specifically engineering. From 2008 to 2010, she
worked with Guillen Rosa y Asociados in
women, to join DFI.” Santo Domingo. Her areas of responsibility
included conducting geotechnical analyses
for foundation construction, computer
modelling of civil structures and devel-
oping budgets for project proposals. The
next step in her career was with Odebrecht
in La Romana, Santiago province, and in
Baní, also in the Dominican Republic.
While at Odebrecht until 2015, she took on
multiple assignments in design and
construction. Her experience included
everything from conducting sophisticated
design analyses to being an on-site project
supervisor. Those experiences provided
her with a bird’s-eye view of everything that
goes into developing a successful civil
works project.
Following her work in the Dominican
Republic, she spent 2018 and 2019 in an
internship with the law firm of Thompson
Coburn in St. Louis, Missouri, and in
AUTHOR S. Scot Litke, Hon. D.GE

Ames, Iowa. The internship offered her an opportunity to apply her
Sharing Her Perspective
civil engineering knowledge to business tasks that were part of legal
Having had many diverse experiences, Trinidad Gonzalez also is
actions surrounding structural failures. Among other duties, she
pleased to share her viewpoint with young engineers. She feels
was tasked with evaluating the application of best practices to
that the learning process never stops. In her words, “We can learn
problem cases. These diverse experiences provided her a well-
from each other in different ways.” She notes that for her and for
rounded understanding of geotechnical engineering practices.
others, having a degree should not be considered the ultimate
When asked about what influenced her to ultimately return to
goal, as technical skills and academic knowledge go hand-in-
her academic pursuits, she says, “I was intrigued by what I consider
hand. Moreover, she says there is a great deal to learn that is not
is a ‘holistic learning approach.’ That is, how to build what we
found in textbooks.
conceive in design and how to design constructible projects.” In
Based on her own experiences, she adds that it is never too late
this regard she is in excellent company with Karl Terzaghi, who
to achieve one’s ultimate goals. In her case, “I tried to go back to
famously said, “Don’t design on paper what you have to wish into
school multiple times, but I kept thinking that maybe it was too
the ground.” Trinidad Gonzales concludes, “What finally caused
late, which lasted right up until I made the decision.” She believes
me to return to school was my actual experience at work. I thought
that although not everyone a person deals with may be totally
that there were many knowledge holes in the way we were doing
supportive, aspiring young engineers should believe in themselves
things. The need for more trained geotechnical engineers in my
and not shy away from chasing after their ultimate goals.
country was very evident. I took a leap of faith, as it was very
While diligently working toward achieving her ultimate goals,
difficult to leave work to become a student again after seven years.
she manages to throw in a dollop of travel, hiking, photography,
However, I was ready to restart my academic journey.”
cooking, strength training and running, playing the piano, online
math tutoring for engineering students in the Dominican Republic,
The Journey Continues and volunteering at local food pantries. She even finds time to
Now that she has returned to that journey, she credits Schaefer as
pursue a favorite pastime: playing board games.
providing her with invaluable advice on technical, professional and
Her approach can be defined as having an ability to be patient
personal issues. As she puts it, “His guidance has helped me so
and humble throughout a career. And, not unlike her mother and
much that I decided to complete what I call my ‘crazy academic
those that have motivated her along her path, she relishes the
adventure’ by pursuing my Ph.D.” As to the many mentors she has
opportunity to inspire others as they travel along theirs.
encountered during her journey, she reflects, “Seeing how all these
very knowledgeable people care about helping others to succeed is
the biggest encouragement I received throughout different stages of
my life.”
This is a two-way street in that Schaefer says of Trinidad
Gonzalez, “I have greatly enjoyed working with Yuderka. She is
extremely bright, detail oriented and meticulous in her work. Most
importantly, she loves to learn. More times than I care to count she
has stumped me with a question about why we do things one way
and not another. She then sets out to find a better way. She always
has a big smile and brings joy to all around her.” Schaefer’s
perception of Trinidad Gonzalez is shared by close friend and
classmate Kanika Lamba, who says, “She is smart and always has
standout engineering solutions for any given project. She is a
calming influence on others, even in the most chaotic times, such as
when a tornado passed right beside us. Along with a good sense of
humor, being a terrific teacher, and devoted to the students she
teaches, she is a child at heart.” One cannot say more than that.
A few years ago, Schaefer introduced Trinidad Gonzalez to DFI.
Her involvement began with serving as a research assistant on a DFI
committee-supported project on slope stability. This led to her
presenting her findings at DFI conferences. She also became
involved with the DFI’s Women in Deep Foundations Committee.
Trinidad Gonzalez feels that meeting women involved in deep
foundations has caused her to hope that it is possible to have a
bright career in the geotechnical field without being wary of
encountering glass ceilings, which she feels have been common in
the profession. She adds, “I hope that my participation helps
encourage more students, and specifically women, to join DFI.”

CFA pile installation between shoring platforms FEATURE ARTICLE
CFA Piles for Warehouse Mezzanine

A major online retailer had a distribution
Newnan warehouse and Morris-Shea portable concrete plant (at lower left)
center in Newnan, Georgia, in need of a
retrofit. The recently constructed ware-
house at The Cubes at Bridgeport occupied
1 million sq ft (92,903 sq m) and required
significant modifications to increase load
capacity for accommodating a new
mezzanine level that would provide
additional storage and offices.
The original ceiling height of the
warehouse was 35 ft total (10.7 m), or 30 ft
(9.1 m) to the bottom of the roof trusses.
The ceiling of the warehouse was supported 10 in (0.25 m) columns and their spread micropiles to support the heavier loads.
by internal columns consisting of 10 in sq footings to support without excessive The existing columns supporting the roof
(0.25 m sq), thin wall, steel tubing on a 50 ft settlement. Consequently, the columns of 10 were also to be strengthened by welding
(15.2 m) grid. These columns were in (0.25 m) square tubing and foundations large amounts of structural steel sections to
supported by spread footings of either 5 ft originally providing roof support needed to the columns so that they would support the
or 7 ft (1.5 m or 2.1 m) squares. be upgraded to accommodate the heavy new new column loads.
Constructing a mezzanine for 20% of the structural steel. While the micropile and in-place
warehouse footprint would require large An initial mezzanine plan specified four column reinforcement solution was
structural steel beams and decking to high-capacity micropiles to be drilled technically acceptable, it was less than ideal
support floor loads of up to 350 psf through the existing spread footings. due to the cost and scheduling
(1,709 kg per sq m). The weight require- Replacement pile caps on top of the spread disadvantages. Micropiles typically have a
ments would be far too heavy for the existing footings would then transfer the load to the small diameter and would need to be
AUTHORS Richard Shea III, Morris-Shea Bridge Company

engineered alternative to improve support that the site consisted primarily of fill, with
for the elevated area within the facility. The a more competent soil profile within the
revised deep foundation design involving building’s footprint.
CFA piles also reduced construction In addition, full-scale compression load
expenses by approximately 25% while testing was performed on multiple piles to
expediting project completion. CFA piles determine the most economical and fastest
also have the following advantages: pile size to install. The team installed two 14
in (0.1 m) and two 18 in (0.46 m) compres-
• More economical
sion test piles that successfully achieved
• Environmentally friendly ultimate load capacities. Unit friction values
• Eliminate the need for temporary or derived from the load testing program were
permanent steel casings applied to the final CFA pile design.
• Increase production rates CFA-based Design

• Reduce production costs The new design, developed by early 2020,
involved connecting the top of some of the
• Minimize the size of the work areas warehouse’s existing 10 in (0.25 m ) square
needed for pile installation columns to wider columns that replaced
• Ideal for reducing materials and the remainder of the lower portion of the
A pile layout for compression testing production costs in the site soil columns, now supported by CFA piles. The
conditions process consisted of installation of shoring
installed much deeper than continuous for some of the original square columns,
• Vibration free
flight auger (CFA) piles to achieve the same cutting and removal of the lower portions
capacity. The greater length would increase • Produce little noise during installation of these existing columns, removal of their
the expense of the retrofit since most spread footings, and construction of high-
micropiles are two to three times more Soil and Pile Load Testing capacity CFA piles with new pile caps as the
expensive than CFA piles on a cost-per- Morris-Shea performed a supplemental bottom portions. This work was followed
linear-foot basis. geotechnical investigation with its cone by the erection of new 18 in (0.46 m) wide
Morris-Shea, a specialty foundation penetration test (CPT) rig prior to construc- flange columns, welding the new column
contractor, reviewed the original building tion. Specifically, 16 CPTs were performed to the old one, and finally, removing the
redesign plans and developed a value- at the jobsite. The CPT reports indicated shoring towers and patching of the floor.
Pouring one of 84 pile

caps onto grade-cut piles

Erecting new, wider column onto bolted CFA pile cap
Welding column elements underneath temporary flange beams

The CFA-based design specified the Performance Contracting, a Morris- of the concrete slab and a telescopic forklift
removal of the existing concrete floor slab Shea subcontractor, constructed all 168 remove it intact in one lift. The spread
at each column location to allow for shoring towers in 10 days, utilizing footings were then transported outside for
installation of new pile caps. The unmod- multiple crews that worked around the demolition and disposal. The remaining
ified columns remained in place and clock. Safety professionals were on site at holes created by removal of the spread
continued to support the roof at that time. all times to train and supervise team footings were backfilled so the piles could
members and to inspect each shoring tower be installed.
Column Modifications prior to removal of existing columns. After
In total, 84 of the existing columns needed each 10 in (0.25 m) column was shored CFA Pile Installation
to be upgraded. Each column was and inspected by the safety team, the CFA piles were installed with three rigs
supported by two shoring towers located columns were cut 1 ft (0.3 m) below the working during day shifts. Two IHC
20 ft (6.1 m) on either side of the columns, 24 in (0.6 m) support beams. A cut was also Fundex CD20s and one TesCar CF4.5 rig
requiring 25 ft ( 7.6 m) tall temporary done slightly above the anchor bolts on the were used to install the piles. The rigs
towers to be erected for the project. Two spread footings before the majority of the were configured with special length masts
24 in (0.6 m) wide flange beams spanned original column was removed. to accommodate the height-restricted
between the tops of the two shoring towers With the shoring towers now sup- work environment.
at each column. Heavy angle iron clips porting the roof, the concrete spread Grout for the CFA piles was supplied by
were welded on either side of the original footing for the 84 cut columns was the contractor’s mobile concrete plant and
columns and to the top and bottom sides excavated and removed. This process delivered by its ready-mix trucks. This
of the flange beams. Some column required that an excavator elevate one side allowed pile installation to proceed
locations had tension loads that without interruptions. Pile spoils
necessitated the installation of The ... design advantages to using CFA were removed with small excavators,
concrete deadmen inside the legs of loaded into small dump trucks, and
the shoring towers. These columns piles instead of micropiles for this transferred outside to maintain a
also required that tensioned cables clean jobsite inside the warehouse.
be strung over the 24 in (0.6 m) project’s deep foundation included a Spoils were then transported off-site
beams. for disposal.
25% reduced construction expense.
Completed hybrid support columns

Pile Cap and Column Construction
Pile caps were constructed as soon as
possible after pile installation was
completed. Most of the new pile caps were
supported by four to six piles. Some caps
employed 14 in and 18 in (0.35 m and
0.46 m) diameter piles, but most pile
diameters were 24 in (0.6 m). Each cap was
excavated, its piles cut to grade, and pretied
reinforcing assemblies placed in position
before the concrete was poured. Concrete
for the pile caps was supplied by a local
vendor at a rate as high as 600 cu yd
(459 cu m) per day.
After completing the pile caps, the new
columns were placed over the anchor bolts
and stood up in place. Each new column
was welded to the location’s original
column. Immediately after the new
columns were installed, the shoring towers
were removed and demobilized. Upon
completion of pile-related shoring work, a
concrete contractor patched the holes in
the slab on top of each new pile cap.
Another contractor then performed steel
erection and installed the shelving.
Morris-Shea began the distribution
center project on February 10, 2020, and
completed 22,270 hours of work on time
and under budget by the end of March.
Conclusion
Continuous flight auger piles can be
successfully used in a retrofit to increase
load capacity in structures, such as
accommodating a new mezzanine level for
a major online retailer’s distribution
warehouse. In the Newnan, Georgia,
project, CFA piles and new pile caps were
used to support new 18 in (0.46 m) wide
flange columns that were welded to the
remaining ceiling portion of 84 existing
10 in sq (0.25 m sq), thin wall, steel tubes
that helped support the ceiling. The value-
engineered alternate design advantages to
using CFA piles instead of micropiles for Mezzanine structure after column work completion
this project’s deep foundation included a
25% reduced construction expense
(including the lack of need for steel Richard Shea III is vice president of Morris-Shea Bridge Company and a managing member of SBE
casings), a smaller retrofit footprint, Engineering and Shea Brothers. He leads a team of deep foundation design and construction
reduced noise and vibration, and a faster professionals that is among North America’s top five deep foundation contractors by volume. Shea
installation process. has three decades of deep foundation project experience throughout the Western Hemisphere.

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FEATURE ARTICLE
Drilled Shafts for Debris-Laden Sites

The Atlantic Steel Mill opened in 1901 in
the heart of what is now Midtown Atlanta.
The plant would close in the mid-1970s, but
remained nominally operational due mainly
to unexpected costs to remediate soil
contamination. The Jacoby Group became
the property developer in the mid-1990s
and originated the idea of redeveloping the
138 acre (0.40 ha) site into what would
become Atlantic Station. The original plan
would include some 15 million sq ft
(approximately 1.4 million sq m) of retail,
office and residential space and 11 acres
(4.5 ha) of public parks with a “live, work,
play” vision. The footprint was so large that
it received its own zip code.
Considered the nation’s largest urban
brownfield redevelopment in 2005, con-
struction at Atlantic Station continues to this
day. This article focuses on development by
Atlantic Yards Investors of new office space
on a 2.7 acre (1.1 ha) parcel known as Block
C. The new Atlantic Yards office building is
under construction at the site of a paved
parking lot and will include a 3-story garage
near existing grades across the entire
The Atlantic Yards office site near Midtown Atlanta
property. The garage was designed to have
a plaza level on its top. The plaza deck
provides the foundation for the office with plantings and a road entrance from 17th Subsurface Exploration
building consisting of a 10- and a 5-story Street (an elevated street), with construction
Topographic maps of Atlanta from 1928
tower. The towers will be split by a plaza expected to be completed in 2020.
indicated that a deep swale and creek once
crossed most of the southern portion of the
Block C and other Atlantic Station units, preconstruction site. These features rested approximately
40 ft (12 m) beneath the existing grades
prior to construction. While no exact
records were available, it was rumored that
the swale had been filled in years ago with
all sorts of debris in the form of slag
masses/boulders, rock and concrete boul-
ders, and miscellaneous steel trash and
debris. The most recent borings and test
pits performed by NOVA Engineering
encountered fill in all the borings to depths
of up to 23 ft (7 m). None of the 12 borings
nor the 61 offset borings in the geotechnical
study, except one, were able to penetrate
the fill layer beyond the 23 ft (7 m) depth.
AUTHORS Philip H. Manavi, P.E., ABE Enterprises

The fill generally consisted of silty sand
Atlantic Yards rendering
with rock, concrete, brick, scrap metal,
slag, organics and/or other deleterious
debris. A test pit study consisting of six pits
encountered slag masses ranging in size
from 2 in to 50 in (50 mm to 1,270 mm) in
diameter and concrete boulders of similar
size. The test pits were generally terminated
in the fill materials due to reach of the
excavator and, in one case, refused in the
fill. The rock profile across the site was
quite variable as well, ranging from being
less than 2 ft (0.6 m) in some areas to almost
70 ft (21 m) in the deepest areas.
Foundation Recommendation
The original foundation recommendations
from the geotechnical report included
possible options of cut-and-replace across
the site, rigid inclusions, micropiles, auger
cast piles or drilled shafts. These approaches testing were specified. Approximately • Greater drill depths than typical can be
assumed that pursuing auger cast and 46,000 lft (14,020 m) of micropile achieved easily by adding more casing
drilled shaft options would also involve installation was estimated to be needed. segments. In comparison, telescopic
significant undercutting and replacement Although micropiles were chosen at that casing carries the risk of having to start
due to concerns of raveling in holes during time, many questions and concerns still a hole over from the top, as well as of
excavation. The report also expressed remained about the success of these needing to wallow out a larger diameter
concern about drilled shafts and/or piles foundation elements. That included and use a larger casing diameter to
being able to penetrate the debris-laden fill. concerns about the piles’ ability to pene- telescope down to the design elevation
Micropiles had been recommended as trate slag masses and numerous other and/or to bedrock.
the best opportunity of penetrating sub- problematic scenarios that could be • Less concrete usage.
surface materials. encountered during micropile installation.
The initial permit plans for the project Upon review of the plans and subsurface Traditional telescopic casing also would
included approximately 1,000 micropile data, deep foundation and excavation not have been feasible due to the loose
foundations of 8 in or 10 in (203 mm or bracing subcontractor ABE Enterprises of nature and raveling potential of the debris
254 mm) diameter with 150 ton and Kennesaw, Georgia, determined that fill. Review of the test pit study data offered
200 ton (1,495 kN and 1,993 kN) capa- segmentally cased drilled shaft foundations, the best picture of the potential debris that
cities, respectively. Extensive and timely which are relatively rare in the Atlanta area, could be encountered. Construction crews
load testing programs for verification could provide marked cost savings and on previous projects in Atlantic Station had
testing, compression, tension and lateral other benefits. encountered buried crane bodies, engine
Segmental-style casing uses the same blocks and other large items, so that an
Slag “overpour” debris near Fowler St.
diameter casing for the full depth of a hole assumption was made in the foundation
down to refusal or design elevation. The proposal of encountering similar debris.
casing consists of thick-walled steel that is ABE prepared a preliminary take-off and
bolted together in 6.6 ft and 16.4 ft (2 m and design for drilled shaft foundations using
5 m) segments. The casing was extracted in 3.9 ft, 4.9 ft and 5.9 ft (1,180 mm, 1,500 mm
early 2019 with a drill rig that used a drive- and 1,800 mm) diameter shafts bearing on
head adapter to install and remove the 150 ksf (7,182 kPa) rock. This proposal was
casing. There are numerous benefits to this presented to the owner and design team by
type of casing, which include: the general contractor, New South Con-
struction. The risk factor for the foundation
• Less space needed to store tooling/ installation was one of the biggest questions.
casing on site. Areas of the site were designated as either
• Casing can be installed and removed high risk or low risk areas based on the
with a drill rig, eliminating the need for anticipated depth to rock and debris-laden
a crane for pulling casing. fill thickness. Areas where the fill thickness

or depth to reach rock was less than about
25 ft (7.6 m) were determined to be low risk
due to assuming that an excavator could
assist with removing possible obstructions.
High risk areas were any in which the fill
was deeper than 25 ft (7.6 m) and where
other measures might be necessary in the
event that impenetrable debris was
encountered. A contingency was also
included in the subcontractor’s scope of
work for installation of offset shafts with a
grade beam if areas were encountered that
were undrillable for any reason.
Over the course of several more pricing
exercises and meetings with the owner,
general contractor, design team and geo-
technical engineer, it was determined that
the project would be redesigned to be based
on drilled piers and ABE’s tooling and
drilling capabilities using the pier sizes
described above, bearing on 150 ksf
(7,182 kPa) rock. The foundation package
would eventually include 148 drilled shafts
of the aforementioned sizes.
Foundation Construction
Foundation installation took place during
the first two quarters of 2019, and involved
BAUER BG30 and BG42 drill rigs equipped
with continuous segmental casing. The Example auger with bent flights, stripped teeth
debris encountered ultimately fit some-
where in the middle of what had been
anticipated, as no crane bodies were
encountered. However, slag and steel masses
the size of automobiles were encountered in
several locations. The slag masses were so
massive in many cases that they could not be
transported or moved and had to be
reburied on site. Numerous miscellaneous
large steel components such as hooks,
engine blocks, steel rails, steel tracks, steel
cogs and more were uncovered. Thick layers
of slag gravel were often encountered as
well. Furthermore, much of the debris was
found to be buried just atop the bedrock
throughout much of the site. The smaller debris
and unusable fill materials were separated
and sieved by a grader and removed offsite.
The slag debris was found to be
extremely difficult — if not impossible —
to drill through. The smaller and/or thinner
pieces were penetrable to some degree with
the tooling, but not without severe wear
and tear over the course of the project. The
most successful approach of those Two rigs install segmentally cased drilled shafts

boulders were encountered beyond the ability to drill deeper and to use less
reach of the excavator. The hole was drilled concrete compared to the traditional
with oversized segmental casing and the telescopic casing method, and reduced
rock boulders were cored through. This costs compared to the original micropile
allowed the design size segmental casing to approaches considered. This case study
be installed through the deep obstructions. confirmed that, with a combination of the
The contingency plan to offset drilled shafts right tooling and equipment, and some
was not ultimately deemed necessary. “tried-and-true” pre-excavation methods,
A total of approximately 4,800 lft even some of the most difficult subsurface
(1,463 m) of earth drilling and 107 lft (32.6 m) site conditions can be overcome.
of rock drilling was completed. The variable Acknowledgements: Hines served as
depth to rock across the site required that the owner for the project. New South
some amount of rock coring took place to Construction served as the general
reach minimum required pier lengths and contractor. Uzun + Case provided the final
to resolve large lateral load requirements in structural design, and NOVA Engineering
the foundation design. provided geotechnical site investigations
and drilled pier design parameters.
Conclusion
A drilled shaft foundation was successfully
Drilled shaft installation near 16th Street
installed despite numerous challenges. Philip Manavi, P.E., is a senior geotechnical
recommended during the preplanning Addressing debris-laden site conditions at engineer with ABE Enterprises in Kennesaw,
process proved to be pre-excavating each Block C of Atlantic Station involved the use Georgia. He has 10 years of experience in the
pier location prior to drilling. Further of segmental-style casings, which provided design and implementation of deep
challenges included the depth of the debris numerous benefits. They include a foundations and shoring systems and 19 years
in some cases. In one case, large rock decreased need for storage space, the of experience in the geotechnical field.

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Temporary shoring system of sheet piles, wales and struts FEATURE ARTICLE
Flexible Hydraulic Bracing for Trench Preparation

The Blackburn & Union Privileges remediation project. The scope of the This sheet and frame system does not
Superfund site in Massachusetts includes 22 project for the U.S. Environmental Protec- require welded wales and instead uses pins
acres (8.9 ha) of contaminated land and tion Agency was to remove contaminated to connect the wales, thus removing the
water in Walpole. The contamination soil and install a groundwater collection need for specialized personnel to complete
resulted from the operations of various trench to treat contaminated groundwater structural welds. The system used involved
industrial facilities dating back to the late and prevent it from moving offsite. Con- I-beam wales and hydraulic units to
1800s that exposed the site to asbestos, tamination included inorganic chemicals support the sheet piles.
arsenic, lead and other hazardous such as lead and asbestos. Pinned hydraulic wales have been used
substances. From about 1915 to 1936, a Sunbelt Rentals designed the shoring successfully in similar projects requiring
predecessor of W.R. Grace manufactured for the excavation of the groundwater various turns or “kinks” in the shoring
asbestos brake linings and clutch linings collection trench at the southwest corner of system. For instance, a Rhode Island
throughout much of the property. From the Superfund site. The trench required a project with a high water table involved a
1946 to the early 1980s, a predecessor of nonstandard geometry and depths ranging trench run to install pipes and manholes
Tyco Healthcare operated a cotton fabric from 12 ft to 20 ft (3.6 m to 6.0 m) deep. for a combined sewer overflow/interceptor.
manufacturing business, which used caustic The shoring chosen for this project was a The pin connections allowed the shoring to
solutions, on a portion of the property. sheet and hydraulic frame system follow the proposed work area while
As an equipment supply firm with configured to form two relatively straight maintaining full support of the
engineering knowledge, Sunbelt Rentals trenches joined at an angle. This is a widely surrounding soil. For the Walpole project,
was asked by contractors to design a cost- used system for support-of-excavation the geometry of the shoring layout required
effective, readily available and modular projects such as underground storage tanks the wales to conform to an atypical,
shoring solution for the Superfund due to its availability and ease of use. predesigned trench configuration as
AUTHORS Braxton Erbe and Doug Brunot, P.E., S.E., Sunbelt Rentals

opposed to the typical square and rec- shaftbrace wales, supershaft brace wales This program also provides the mo-
tangular designs used for pump stations and hydraulic bracing struts were used to ment or bending load on the sheet piles.
and fuel tanks. support the sheet piles. The two types of Sunbelt Rentals recommended XZ95
wales weigh approximately 35 lb/ft sheets due to availability and their ability
Soil Conditions and Initial Design (52 kg/m) and 120 lb/ft (178 kg/m), to retain strength in bending. The maxi-
Existing geotechnical conditions were respectively. Spacing between struts to sup- mum bending moment on the sheets was
evaluated in May 2018 to begin the design port the wales was calculated as needing to found to be 47 kip-ft (63.7 kN-m) with the
phase of the project. The predominant soil be about 22 ft (6.7 m) on average. The modeling software, and the XZ95 sheets
profile for the trench site was identified as system chosen supported the excavation have an allowable capacity of approxi-
loose to medium-dense sand underlain by internally and did not rely on tiebacks mately 92 kip-ft (124.7 kN-m).
dense glacial till, also known simply as till. or other anchoring methods. Pin con- Once the loads were calculated, the
Glacial till consists of unsorted sediment nections between wales and the use of frames were modeled in STAAD to deter-
left behind from glacial movement. The hydraulics allowed for a quick deployment mine the bending moment in the wales and
glacial till on the project site was a coarse of the system. the struts. STAAD is a structural analysis
gravel mixture. software useful for modeling complex
Once the geotechnical information had Design Modeling systems and multiple loadings. The geo-
been evaluated, a modifiable shoring The soil layers described previously were metry of the wales in the trench run was
system was chosen consisting of sheet piles modeled in SupportIT. This design and first recreated in the software. Loads
and wales. Sheet piles typically consist of analysis software program allows the user calculated from SupportIT were then
interlocking z-shaped segments that form a to input soil properties and determine the applied to the frame as a compressive force.
continuous wall. The wales chosen had loading on shoring systems for site-specific The maximum bending moment applied
differing sizes of I-beams that rely on designs. Support systems may be modeled to the frame was found to be 243 kip-ft
hydraulic pressure to support sheet pile as sheet and frame as used in this project, or (329.4 kN-m), which is below the allowable
walls. The hydraulic unit is integrated into soldier pile and lagging systems. To moment of the supershaft brace system.
the wales and is pumped out during support the sheets, a level of frame was
installation to provide positive pressure for designed to be placed 1.5 ft (0.4 m) below Design Refinement
the system. The loads were then modeled the top of excavation. The sheets had a pile Once the structural analysis was complete,
with two software programs to determine toe of varying depths based on the the team also checked the pile toe
the effect on the shoring system. excavation parameters. The earth pressures calculated from SupportIT for piping due to
Initial AutoCAD model of two-stage

trench shoring system
The design was based on limiting site

conditions such as proximity to a stream
within 20 ft (6.0 m), varying depths of hard Metal sheet piles
rock and the layout of the groundwater col-
lection trench. The length of trench to be sup-
ported was approximately 445 lft, or 135.6 m. were developed using Coulomb theory for concerns about the difference in head of up
Due to a high water table on site and the the active earth load due to the flexible to 12 ft (3.6 m) between the groundwater
corresponding large sheet moments, the nature of the sheet piles under load. The level inside and outside the sheets. Piping
team chose XZ95 interlocking sheet piles to effects of the active pressure envelope were can occur in granular material and is caused
retain the soil. These sheet piles would be modeled to determine the loads on the by movement of water under the toe of a
cold rolled; while they would not be sheet piles and wales. Calculated earth sheet pile. This movement reduces the
watertight, they would help limit pressure loads on the wales were found to capacity of the toe of the sheet pile. In this
groundwater from seeping into the col- be between 1.8 k/ft (26.2 kN/m) and case, the design pile toe was increased in
lection trench at a faster rate than could be 5.5 k/ft (80.2 kN/m). Much of the load was some areas by up to 4 ft (1.2 m) beyond
handled by pumps inside of the excavation. due to a groundwater table that had a what was required for structural stability in
Sunbelt Rentals’ proprietary medium design depth of 8 ft (2.4 m) below grade. order to prevent the effects of piping.

Removed boulders
The design called for two straight

trench runs to encapsulate the footprint of
the water collection trench. The ends of the
trench were closed off with sheet piles and
a hydraulic wale unit to provide support.
The trench was completed in two stages,
with the connection between the two to be
at an approximate 150-degree angle. A
sheet pile bulkhead was welded at the
connection between stage 1 and stage 2 to
separate the phases, but also to facilitate a
rapid change in the depth of excavation. Revised stage 1 model with bend to accommodate obstructions
This was due to a pump station required to
move the water along the groundwater pin-connected nature of the internal wale excavation at that section. A local
collection trench. system allowed the flexibility of adding a geotechnical engineering firm — Sanborn,
second bend of 5 degrees into the system to Head & Associates — was also brought in
Trench Implementation avoid the boulders. The structural to evaluate the existing groundwater
As construction began, Sunbelt Rentals’ competence of the frame and struts were conditions and the dense glacial till strata.
staff guided the installation of the sheeting analyzed by modeling the joints between The refusal was solved in two ways. The
and wale system for the atypical shoring wales as true pin connections. first involved re-evaluating the hydrostatic
scheme. Construction encountered refusal Refusal due to varying elevations of the pressure of the existing groundwater table
due to large boulders in certain areas when dense glacial till prevented sections of and its effect on the shoring. Monitoring
driving sheets. The depth and size of the sheets from achieving the required pile toe. wells indicated a higher groundwater table
boulders did not allow for their removal, so The excavation was reanalyzed by looking than what would be satisfactory for the
stage 1 of the initial shoring scheme was at each pile tip location relative to the driven pile toe. The reported groundwater
redesigned to avoid the obstructions. The existing grade and the required depth of table was at 4 ft to 6 ft (1.2 m to 1.8 m)

Close-up of hinged wales allowing bend
below grade. Weep holes were cut into the

sheets approximately 8 ft (2.4 m) below
grade. Water did not flow out of the weep
holes, and the implemented dewatering sys-
Installation of I-beam wales for wall support
tem had a flow of approximately 10 gal/min
(37.8 L/min). This indicated a low perme-
ability material, and that the monitoring
wells were measuring perched groundwater.
Based on these findings, the groundwater
table was below the design depth and the
shallower pile toe elevations were accep-
table for the structural stability of the sheets.
Once the condition of the existing
groundwater table had been evaluated, the
second solution was to determine if the
refusal layer was prone to piping. The large
difference in head between groundwater
outside of the sheet piles and the dry depth
of the final excavation elevation — speci-
fically, in the location of the pump station at
20 ft (6.0 m) below grade at the border of
stage 1 and 2 — controlled the required
pile toe depth. Based on previous experi-
ence in the area and familiarity with the
dense glacial till layer, the geotechnical
engineer determined piping would not be
an issue as the glacial till on site was
competent rock. Potential seepage beneath
the sheets was monitored throughout the
project and was not encountered for the
duration of the project.
Conclusion
Despite initial setbacks due to boulders and
Temporary shoring from sheet piles, wales and struts
variable glacial till layers, the use of a
modular hydraulic bracing system allowed
this Superfund project to be completed nature of hydraulic bracing systems hydraulic bracing frame solutions have
successfully in approximately five months. allowed for changes to be made as needs great potential to complete atypical
The groundwater collection trench was arose in the field to reduce delays and projects with changing field conditions in a
installed and backfilled with clean granular unnecessary fabrication costs. Sheet and timely and safe manner.
material, separated by the sheet piles and a
plastic barrier. Advanced modeling Braxton Erbe, EIT, is a project engineer with Sunbelt Rentals with a master’s degree in engineering (focused on
techniques such as STAAD and SupportIT geotechnical engineering) from the University of Maryland.
ensured accuracy of design and eliminated Doug Brunot, P.E., S.E., is a managing engineer with Sunbelt Rentals and is registered as a Model Law
the use of excess equipment. The modular Structural Engineer with the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES).

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FEATURE ARTICLE
Curing Stress Effects

on Soil-Mix Properties
A New Jersey sample being

retrieved for consolidometer testing
The deep mix method (DMM) is a cobbles or shell fragments. Thus, questions evaluate the actual in situ strength of a soil-
ubiquitous ground improvement technique remain about whether specimens collected cement mix or its other engineering proper-
globally for producing soil-cementitious with either approach are representative. ties when available data are inadequate.
materials in many complex civil and It can be particularly challenging to any Given how important QC results are and
environmental applications. In the field, the design engineer to attempt to interpret or their cost implications, a better under-
cementation bonds of the soil-cement standing was needed of the fundamental geo-
materials are formed under confining stress mechanical and physio-chemical behavior
conditions; however, commonly obtained of the soil-cement curing process and how
wet grab specimens are instead cured and in situ stresses influence that process.
tested under ambient atmospheric With the support of the DFI’s Com-
conditions. This has led to an under- mittee Project Fund program, and the col-
estimation of the mechanical properties of laboration of industry partners, a research
the soil-cement mixed material. team has begun to expand our under-
In addition, wet grab specimens are standing of the influence that in situ ground
often screened during retrieval, thereby stresses have on the unconfined compres-
diluting or modifying the composition of sive strength and geomechanical properties
specimens. The other common quality of soil-mix materials. Specifically, the team
control (QC) test for soil-cement materials studied whether in situ stresses in the
using DMM relies on direct coring of an in ground improve the mechanical and/or
situ treated mass. However, the drilling engineering properties of the treated
process for collecting samples by coring materials. In addition, this research work
may produce microfracturing or damage to aimed to study the relationship between
specimens, which can be exacerbated if the material properties of field-recovered core
treated soil-mixed column contains gravel, Loaded consolidometers samples against samples cured without
AUTHORS George Onorato, P.E., and Giovanni Bonita, Ph.D., P.E., P.Eng., P.G., GEI Consultants

Bench results with increasing
The second task involved collecting the sample to cure under the static load.
confinement pressure representative field data from active sites The apparatus was designed with a means
a n d p a s t c o re t e s t i n g d a t a . F i e l d of measuring the time-rate of consolidation
consolidation data was acquired from four of the specimen.
different project sites using the field The apparatus consists of a thin-walled
consolidation equipment, along with four confining chamber placed within a thick-
different data sets being obtained from sites walled outer restraining cradle to support
where in situ coring was performed. In the confining chamber. A plunger (piston)
addition, the research team generated data head containing a coarse porous stone is
from a controlled bench study using clean placed against the top of the sample. The
sand, which proved to be insightful for test specimen is loaded axially by applying
correlating field data. pressure to the cell chamber externally
Consolidometer Development through the piston shaft. This piston shaft
A research specific soil-cement con- is placed against the plunger head and
solidometer (apparatus) was developed extended through an aperture in the top
and manufactured over six months to plate of the cell chamber. The one-
confinement, and to research data with facilitate this research work. The apparatus dimensional time rate of consolidation
applied confinement to provide empirical was used as a tool for the primary function properties of the specimen is determined
data to assist in the development of corre- of subjecting an uncured (wet) soil-cement from measurements as a function of time of
lations between cement-treated soil proper- sample to a confining stress and allowing the applied stress. The apparatus is located
ties and the confining stress while curing.
To begin, a field consolidometer was
developed to simulate in situ confinement
conditions, which allowed the research
team to prepare controlled bench studies at
incremental confining stresses to precisely
evaluate their impact on the cured material.
The team also evaluated results from
relatively broad data sets from active sites
with different soil conditions, allowing the
authors to observe interrelated data trends
between data sets. To do so, the team
engaged more than 10 industry partners
for site access and/or relevant data from
past soil-mixed projects, as well as relying
on industry partners for instrumentation,
field support, and laboratory and/or
consulting services for this research.
This article presents the preliminary
findings of the effect of curing stresses on
soil-mixed materials of different soil types.
Research Tasks
The first phase of the research work
consisted of two main tasks: developing a
field consolidation apparatus, and
collecting field data. The development of
the apparatus was driven by the need to
mimic the conditions of confinement that
occur when curing a wet grab sample.
Testing the new apparatus and developing a
standard procedure for operating it were
critical to forming a representative sample
that closely models in situ stress conditions.
An auxiliary sample collection site at NYU

within a load frame so that a vertical load For example, while the consolidometer Data Normalization: One of the
can be applied directly to the sample. chamber is the same size as a standard 3 in objectives of this research program was to
The cell cylinder was designed to allow by 6 in (7.6 cm by 15.2 cm) test cylinder, present the collected data equally across
for free drainage of excess porewater sealing the top or bottom of the cylinder is data sets using common variables. This
pressure while the specimen consolidated not the same as a standard test cylinder. requires normalization of the data sets. A
and cured. The consolidation cell chamber Bench Testing unit increase in strength was used (qu,min)
is clear-sided to allow for direct monitoring Protocol: A controlled bench test was to accomplish normalization of all the data
of volume changes of the specimen while it performed using a clean sand mixed with sets, which in most cases represented the
consolidates. Consolidation monitoring Portland cement in the research con- strength of the specimen that was cured
consisted of a vertical graduated scale that solidometer. without confinement stress. Using this
could identify changes in specimen height The bench test specimens were cured method, data sets were converted to a
at 0.1 in (2.54 mm) increments within the for 40 days before testing using no percent change in strength increase relative
cell chamber. confinement pressure, or pressures (σ) of to the unconsolidated sample (Δqu %) using
A sampling procedure was developed to 8.8 psi, 17.7 psi, and 26.5 psi. The mix the following equation:
eliminate variability in sampling preparation design included type I/II Portland cement qu,n...– qu,min
that may have skewed research results. To at a binder rate of 15% by dry weight of soil, Δqu % = qu,min
evaluate our results, parametric control tests which was mixed with clean tap water. The
were conducted for procedures that were not water-to-binder ratio (wT:b) was 1.5, and where Δqu % = percent change in uncon-
directly applicable to standard FHWA the soil selected for the bench study was a fined compressive strength from the data
(FHWA-HRT-13-046) manual procedures. typical well-graded sand (SW). set’s baseline unconfined compressive
strength, qu,n... = the unconfined compres-
sive strength (psi) of the incrementally higher
confinement stress during curing, and
qu,min = the data set’s baseline unconfined com-
pressive strength at zero confinement (psi).
Bench Test Results: An effect of confine-
ment stress during curing on the change in
strength was demonstrated. The change in
strength is defined in the above equation as
a percent change (Δqu (%)). The linear fit of
the data is near unity (R2= 0.97).
Given the uniformity of the sand and
the consistent application of the curing
stress, the results are not surprising.
However, the data support the theory that
Southern New Jersey samples at soil

An auxiliary sample collection site in Louisiana stabilization project

the presence of confinement during curing
has a direct influence on soil-mix strength,
such that samples cured with confinement
have a higher strength than those cured
without confinement.
Data Collection
In addition to bench scale testing, field-
applied confinement tests of wet grab
samples were conducted at four sites using
the research consolidometers, as well as
acquiring coring data of past soil-mixed
columns from contractors. This allowed
the research team to “data mine” and
accumulate a much larger, broader data set
that incorporated more site conditions and
allowed for broader correlations.
Consolidometer Data: Field consolido-
meter data were collected during 4
month- to 8 month-long investigations at
four different active sites where soil-
cement treatment was occurring. Two sites
in New Jersey (Sites A and B) were used
that had fine sand, silty sand and clayey
Bench and field consolidometer results on unconsolidated strength
sand soil types (SM/SC) at a depth range of
4 ft (1.2 m) to up to 28 ft (8.5 m). Two sites
in British Columbia were also included
(Sites C and D), and had silt, silty sand and
sand soil types (ML/CL) that were
collected at a depth range of 3 ft (0.9 m ) to
45 ft (13.7 m) at one site, or to a depth of
25 ft (0.6 m) at the other. For each of the
sites, a field consolidometer apparatus
was set up on site and a subset of the QC
samples was cured under confinement.
Coring Data: Coring data was acquired
for the purpose of a comparative data set
from four separate soil-cement treated sites
that had soils (Site 1) that were silt (ML)
mixed with clay of low plasticity, lean clay
(CL), or that were well-graded sand, fine to
coarse sand and silty sand (SW-SM) by
itself (Site 4), or mixed with clayey or silty
sand (Site 2 and 3, respectively). Strength
and depth information at interval depths
for individual columns was available,
providing excellent vertical profile infor-
mation to compare our research data with,
and to evaluate the strength increase
throughout the column.
Comparison: Consolidometer and core sample results

Approximate boundaries of the zones significant. The research data also indicate
Consolidometer Test Results
separating the behavior in the different soil that the type of soil has an impact on the
The normalized data set results from the
types have been included on the plot. magnitude of increase in the strength of the
bench test and all four research sites (Sites
These boundaries are presented solely for mix. Finer-grained soils appear to exhibit a
A-D) reveal an apparent increase in
the purpose of illustrating the general larger relative strength increase with
unconsolidated strength (UCS) with
behavior of the different soil types. confining stress as compared to pre-
confinement. The soil type (defined by
dominately granular soils.
ASTM International’s Unified Soil Classifi-
cation System) also appears to have an
Preliminary Conclusions The results of this research are encour-
Thanks to considerable interest within the aging, since sites with fine-grain soils
influence in the magnitude of the strength
professional community on the effect of typically exhibit lower unconfined com-
increase with confinement. Sites with
curing stresses on the properties of soil- pressive strengths and are perceived to be
higher percentages of fine-grain soils, such
cement mixes, a substantial amount of data more difficult to improve. Given our
as Sites C and D, reveal significantly larger
was collected. Over 10 industry col- understanding of the soil types (mixture of
strength gains with in situ confinement
laborators contributed data, equipment, fine sands to clay) and the natural variability
than sites that are predominately granular
field support, laboratory and/or consulting at these research sites, the data appear to
soils (Sites A and B).
services towards this research. support this theory reasonably well.
Linear regression curves fit reasonably
Our finding that the unconsolidated The results of the testing also indicate
well to the individual data sets, with R2
strength (UCS) of soil-mix samples is that wet grab samples tested without
values greater than 0.6. The coefficient of
influenced by confinement results from confinement may result in significant
variability (Cv) between the individual data
data obtained at four different active sites underestimation of the actual in situ UCS.
sets also showed good agreement to what is
across North America, from preparation of This has the potential to have a tremendous
typically demonstrated for cement-treated
a field consolidometer and testing during a impact on the material cost, schedule and
soil. The Cv values for the data sets ranged
control bench study using sand, and from level of effort needed to achieve the desired
between 0.43 and 0.74 and averaged 0.60,
core sampling data collected from four UCS results.
which is consistent with a Cv value of 0.56
different sites. The initial research report is available at
presented in the literature for cement-
The research data indicate that the UCS www.dfi.org/commhome.asp?SLMX.
treated soil (FHWA 2013).
generally increases when a soil-mix
Cross-sample Comparisons material is subjected to confinement. The Acknowledgements
effect of confining pressure during curing The DFI Committee Project Fund provided
The DMM core strength data (Δqu %)
on the UCS of the specimens can be financial support through the Soil Mixing
collected from four sites (Sites 1-4) were
Committee, and GEI Consultants provided
normalized using the method described by
matching support. Added support came
the percent change in strength increase Organizations that offered technical, from A.J. Metz, P.E., Roberto Nevarez, Asher
equation described previously. The data specialized equipment or collaborative Peltz, P.E., Brain Wilson, P.Eng., Nathan
from the bench test and the data collected contributions include: Malero, and Professor George Filz, P.E.
at the research test sites (Sites A-D) were ConeTec
then compared to the previously obtained
Deep Foundations Institute,
core samples. Soil Mixing Committee George Onorato, P.E., is a senior engineer at GEI
Analyzing the entirety of the research Consultants’ Denver office. He has over 25 years’
Fugro
data sets, to date, shows how the strength experience in consulting and design for specialty
GEI Consultants ground improvements projects across North
increases compare to each other when
GEOKON America. Onorato is GEI’s director of research into
exposed to confinement. As with bench
Geo-Solutions the study of geomechanics of soil-mixing properties
tests alone, an increase in strength with and provides construction engineering support to
Geotechnics
confinement is noted. A differentiation in clients across North America.
the amount of increase in strength with Keller Foundations
confinement relative to the soil type is also Kiewit Foundations Company Giovanni Bonita, Ph.D., P.E., P.G., is senior vice
apparent, as fine-grain soils appear to Malcolm Drilling Company president of GEI Consultants, and covers projects
develop a greater strength increase with Nicholson Construction Company nationwide from the Washington, D.C., office. He
confinement relative to purely granular Remedial Construction Services has over 23 years of experience in geotechnical and
geostructural engineering relating to deep founda-
soils. Soils that contain a mixture of fine and South Jersey Gas Industries
tions, cutoff walls, permanent and temporary
coarse-grain particles appear to have strength Virginia Polytechnic Institute and retaining systems, and ground improvement.
increases greater than pure granular soils, State University (Virginia Tech)
but less than predominately fine-grain soils.

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GUEST EDITORIAL
Reconnecting Our Geo-Industry

As civil and geotechnical engineers who are suggest what we, as individuals,
Rick Deschamps, Ph.D., P.E.
operating in infrastructure-focused as companies and as industry Vice President, Nicholson
professions, we are charged with the organizations, can do to improve Construction
common goal of improving peoples’ quality our effectiveness in terms of
of life. If we are effective, the outcome of our providing clients with econ-
efforts will have a positive impact in terms omical and reliable projects.
of optimizing project costs and schedules,
assuring construction quality, and Design, Research,
increasing the certainty of execution of built Construction Challenges In my experience as well, the personality
systems. This common goal inherently I have seen four changes in recent decades of the quality-assurance inspector has more
necessitates that designers, researchers, in these areas that have negatively impacted bearing on decisions of acceptance than the
teachers and peer reviewers should focus our profession. That is, from a contractor’s compatibility of the construction approach
on making construction activities more perspective, most designers, teachers and with the design intent. Designers can feel in
efficient, and built products safer, more researchers are disengaged from the the dark because of their work’s disconnect
economical and more sustainable. challenges of construction. Although there with field activities. When this occurs, they
Do we see our roles in the geotechnical are exceptions to some of these statements, tend to design more conservatively to
industry as supporting this broader these changes have resulted from: protect themselves from liability risks.
perspective? Can we be at our professional Disconnecting Design from Quality Ultimately, project costs are greater than
best if we do not? In part, achieving this Assurance. Owners/construction mana- they would be otherwise because the
goal depends on how well we com- gers have severed the quality assurance designs are developed too conservatively to
municate across the various sectors within responsibilities from design companies to be ideal, and because QA is not optimized
our industry, in terms of overcoming save money. This transition began in the ’80s effectively to minimize the cost of changes.
artificial boundaries that exist between and is now the norm. Less Focus on
designers, builders, teachers, researchers,
suppliers and equipment manufacturers,
Designers are getting Ultimately, what we need Applied Research.
little, and sometimes Funding for practical
and owners/agencies.
You can think of design, research and
no, feedback on con- to consider is whether we research has decreased
structability or on job substantially at many
construction as being three legs of the
proverbial stool supporting our industry.
site challenges. The as an industry have the governmental agencies
quality-assurance (the departments of
However, geo-industry professionals in
these areas are often functioning in a
(QA) companies that breadth of knowledge, Defense and Energy,
are being hired as U.S. Army Corps of
disjointed and disconnected manner.
Ultimately, what we need to consider is
third-party inspectors empathy and collaborative Engineers, state trans-
often do not under- portation departments,
whether we as an industry have the breadth
of knowledge, empathy and collaborative
stand the design attitude to deliver cost- etc.). In addition, the
assumptions or the “prestigious” funding
attitude to deliver cost-effective projects to
our clients.
design intent for a effective projects to our source at universities is
project, and so they the National Science
B e f o re m y c u r re n t p o s i t i o n i n
construction, I worked for two consulting
are unprepared to clients. Foundation, whose
allow for field adjust- primary focus is fun-
firms designing several challenging ments that are consistent with the design damental research. Other countries like
projects and experienced academia as a objectives. Japan invest substantially in the opti-
member of the civil engineering faculty at Often, these inspectors are also unable mization of infrastructure development
Purdue University. As a result, I have seen to respond to items that are unclear in tools through applied research. Given that
several changes take place in our industry specifications and cannot discern what can we are a mature industry, there is a
over the years that have negatively and cannot be done when a change arises disproportionate effort in fundamental
impacted our ability to be efficient, on site, or when an adjustment is necessary. research relative to work that will impact the
cooperative and innovative as an industry. This can serve as a roadblock to the constructed product.
After identifying these changes, I will development of optimal solutions.

The impact of those funding disparities is apparent in several obvious from the wise words decades ago of the late Ralph Peck
ways. Most of our university professors have a limited knowledge of (NGI Publication 207, 2000). The influential civil engineer noted
real design issues, real construction issues, or the day-to-day back then that “Construction deserves more attention in design.
challenges of our industry because funding options lead them away Our permanent structures are too often designed as if they come
from the state of practice. Faculty from this generation are less into existence without the necessity for being constructed.” He
likely than in the past to be in tune with industry issues and to added that “The academic climate encourages finding a subject for
provide aid in the form of solutions to problems; instead, they are investigation that can be pursued at the desk or in the laboratory
more likely to provide expert testimony on disputes when the work until all aspects have been exhausted. The subject is likely to be
is over. In general, researchers today who “buck” the system to do chosen more for convenience than for significance.”
practical work are therefore in the minority. This reality also Ultimately, he explained the crux of why cross-disciplinary
hinders the educational experience of college students and leaves a knowledge is so essential to geo-industry experts (which are from
disconnect between what is being published in scholarly journals wonderfully diverse backgrounds these days): “In my view, nobody
and what practitioners want to read. can be a good designer, a good researcher, a leader in the civil
Relinquishment of Legal Responsibilities. There has been a engineering profession unless he understands the methods and the
focused effort to transfer geotechnical risks contractually. The effort problems of the builder.”
to make all risk someone else’s problem is remarkable in terms of
attempting to transfer responsibility for site conditions and delays. Enhanced Cross-disciplinary Engagement
As an example, below is exculpatory language that has become Our industry has a major role in the development of all aspects of
common related to statements of differing site conditions: our world’s infrastructure. If we want to optimize foundation-
“The records of subsurface investigations are not a part of the bid construction efforts in terms of cost, schedules, quality, safety and
package or contract, but are available to all bidders for informational sustainability, we must change how we work. Here are ways we can
purposes only. There is no warranty or guaranty, either expressed or bring back a better focus to construction in our industry:
implied, that the subsurface investigation records disclose the actual
• Consultants and researchers must accept the importance of
conditions that will be encountered during the performance of the work…”
construction-related knowledge and seek opportunities to get
How can this language make sense; it’s the owner’s land/ground.
experience and gain understanding, as should organizations
This risk transfer flows downhill, with most members of our
and companies.
geocommunity being closer to the bottom than the top, with
subcontractors being at the bottom. Such contractual language often • Organizations must follow DFI’s lead with achieving a diverse
gets in the way of collaborative solutions because of the owner’s or membership and providing industry-focused research funding
construction manager’s perception that the contract language gives and practice-focused internships to facilitate communication
them no risk. Courts often rule otherwise, but at what burden of across artificial boundaries.
legal fees? Baseline and interpretive reports lessen this risk on some
• ADSC should consider expanding the Faculty Workshops to
projects, but their use is not widespread. Risk transfer is often more
include DFI and ASCE Geo-Institute participation. Holding
important than the bid price.
them more often would help as well, and encouraging
Greater Reliance on Design-Build Approaches. The evolution of
consultants to participate.
design-build has led to designs that are less conservative, which is a
good thing. However, this approach can sometimes lead to a lack of • Contractors should support faculty with case history presenta-
clarity, or can even cause a conflict between quality control and QA tions, and by offering construction videos and transparent real-
expectations. Questions such as the following still need to be asked life lessons learned.
by someone: Is the construction documentation adequate? Have • Designers should seek more input on constructability from
expectations been defined in advance? Even so, what happens when multiple contractors and use that input.
the Engineer of Record on the design-build team is comfortable with
a design approach, but the owner’s engineer is not? • Everyone should avoid attributing all workplace challenges to the
As design-build procurement has evolved, some design firms incompetence of contractors. They work in the geologic environ-
have accepted this less traditional environment, while others have ment and in urban settings that are fraught with unexpected
been resistant. Working for, or with, a contractor, is different than circumstances, especially when subsurface characterization has
working for an owner! Overall, I believe that having designers be a been inadequate.
part of the construction process and getting feedback on In summary, it is time to deepen our interactions and knowledge
constructability are very positive developments. Design-build is across our industry. We need a broader perspective, greater empathy,
here to stay, but there will still be some bumps as consulting and enhanced communication and collaboration between all
companies, various agencies and owners make the transition. members of our community — including designers, teachers,
The end result of these consulting, research and legal climate researchers, builders, suppliers and equipment manufacturers and
changes is that they have created boundaries between the various owner/agencies. That change starts with you.
sectors in our industry. This trend is not new in construction, as

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L E G A L LY SPEAKING
Legal Recourse for Work Performance Limitations

Let’s assume that you have contracted to Fortunately, courts, boards of
drive piles for the construction of a pier in appeals and other tribunals in the Brian Wood
an environmentally sensitive waterway. United States adopted the English Partner
Smith Currie
After contracting, a state regulatory agency doctrine of impossibility of
discovers an endangered species at the site, performance and have expanded
withdraws the permit for construction for it to corollary circumstances.
the project, and prohibits in-water con-
struction in the area. How are your con- Frustration of Purpose
tractual obligations affected? O n e c o ro l l a r y o f t h e d o c t r i n e o f 67,688–89 (1979); Numax Elecs., Inc.,
Courts and other tribunals have long impossibility of performance is the 90–1 B.C.A. (CCH) ¶ 22,280, at 111,916
e x c u s e d p e r f o r m a n c e w h e re s u c h doctrine of frustration of purpose. Take the (1989); and Soletanche Rodio Nicholson (JV),
performance has become physically or example of a roofing contractor hired to 94–1 B.C.A. (CCH) ¶ 26,472, at 131,774
legally impossible. The foundation of the replace the roof of a building that burns (1993). The Court of Federal Claims has
doctrine of impossibility of performance down after executing the contract. While elaborated that a contract is commercially
dates back to the 1863 English contract law the roofing replacement contract is impracticable when, because of unforeseen
case of Taylor v. Caldwell. There, the owners impossible to perform, the contract events, “it can be performed only at an
of a music hall contracted with artists for a between the roofing contractor and the excessive and unreasonable cost.” Int’l
series of musical, dance and other artistic roofing material supplier is not. Courts Elecs. Corp. v. United States, 227 Ct.Cl. 208,
performances. A week before the first have nevertheless excused performance of 646 F.2d 496, 510 (1981). Federal Courts
performance was to occur, the music hall such contracts, as the purpose of the of Appeals have followed suit by holding
burned to the ground. The Court of contract (here, the supply of roofing that commercial impracticability is a con-
Queen’s Bench determined that the materials for a roofing project that cannot structive change to the contract, entitling a
existence of the music hall was an implied and/or will not be performed), has been contractor to recover costs incurred in
condition of the contract, that its substantially and materially frustrated. attempting to perform the commercially
destruction was not the fault of either party, impracticable contract, as set forth in
and that its destruction made performance Impracticability of Performance Raytheon Co. v. White, 305 F.3d 1354, 1367
impossible. Accordingly, the court excused Another important extension of the (Fed. Cir. 2002).
contractual performance by the artists. doctrine of impossibility of performance There are two types of commercial
recognizes that work that may be physically impracticability: (1) supervening impracti-
Law of Impossibility possible to perform, but may be so difficult cability; and (2) pre-existing impractica-
Prior to this decision, parties to a contract and expensive as to render it commercially bility. The difference between the two is
were bound to perform irrespective of the impracticable. Federal trial courts and whether the condition, event, or fact
drastically changed conditions and failure boards of contract appeals have for decades impeding performance existed at the time of
to do so subjected the nonperforming party excused contractor delays the contract or occurred
to contractual damages. Over time, courts and nonperformance Fortunately, courts, after the contract was
have recognized a number of conditions where the agreed upon awarded, supervening per-
commonly giving rise to impossibility of performance was rendered boards of appeals and formance. United States v.
performance (As an aside, these conditions commercially imprac- Winstar Corp., 518 U.S.
may be considered force majeure events that ticable by facts or circum- other tribunals in the 839, 904, 116 S. Ct. 2432,
may by law otherwise excuse performance). stances not within the 2469, 135 L. Ed. 2d 964
The conditions that may be considered contemplation of the par- United States adopted (1996); and Massachusetts
impossibility of performance include: ties at the time the contract Bay Transp. Auth. v. United
• Death of a party (or dissolution/non- was formed. Illustrative the English doctrine of States, 254 F.3d 1367,
existence of a business entity party) cases include: Natus Corp. 1374 (Fed. Cir. 2001).
• Stolen or destroyed property central to v. United States, 178 Ct.Cl. impossibility of As courts generally
1, 371 F.2d 450, 456 impose upon contractors
the contract
(1967); Whittaker Corp., performance and have the risk of cost increases in
• Natural disasters or weather conditions lump sum contracts, an
Power Sources Div., 79–1
preventing performance
B.C.A. (CCH) ¶ 13,805, at expanded it… unexpected increase in
• Changes in laws
costs alone is generally insufficient to entitle a contractor to relief.
The condition giving rise to the increase must be one for which the Don’t Miss a Thing. All Issues of Deep Foundations
contractor did not assume the risk. Also, a contractor must show not
only that performance was impracticable to that contractor, but also
Magazine Are Available to Members Online.
that the performance would have been impracticable to the
“reasonable contractor.” If you did not get a chance to read about all the interesting
projects undertaken by your colleagues, or find out who and
Establishing a Right to Relief what was featured in the news about people and companies,
Certain elements are common to impossibility of performance, check out the past issues of Deep Foundations online at
frustration of purpose and impracticability of performance. To be www.dfi.org/dfimagazine.asp.
entitled to relief under these doctrines, a contractor must prove
that: a condition, event or fact made performance physically TE MAY/
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impossible or impracticable, or frustrated the purpose of the ZI NE
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DEEP FOU
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contract; the contractor was not at fault for the existence of the DFI
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condition, fact or event; the nonoccurrence of the condition, fact or rams to

Impro
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Holog mmunicatio
event was a basic assumption upon which the contract was based; isk Co
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and that the contractor did not know or assume the risk of the
UTU
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occurrence of the condition, fact or event.
S
Takeaway to Upgr
Droneslows
Workf
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rmatio
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Modes ement
While a contractor cannot expect contractual relief simply because Manag s
AL
System
ed Data
a project is difficult to perform, a contractor may be excused from SPECI Enhancer, Storage
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perform the work, the purpose of the project is eliminated, or the
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Piling and Foundation Specialists Federation of Australia and
Deep Foundations Institute of the USA Joint Conference
TIONS
DA I
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U
DFI
PILING AND FOUNDATION
ST
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Piling & Ground

ITUTE
SPECIALISTS FEDERATION
DE
Improvement
Conference 2021
www.dfi.org/PFSF2021 March 10-12, 2021 | ICC Sydney | Australia
Top Reasons to Attend

• Network with deep foundations
practitioners from around the world
• Learn about all aspects of deep foundations,
retention and ground improvement works
• Attend informative technical presentations
by industry experts
• Visit the Exhibit Hall featuring innovative
products and services
• Discover Sydney
Keynote Speakers
“Forms of Contracting, Approaches
to Risk Sharing and the Impact on
Innovation, Productivity and Project
Outcomes”
Frances Badelow, State Manager for
New South Wales, Mott MacDonald
“Building the Foundations of a New
City Using Innovative Ground
Improvement Strategies - Capital
City District”
Jerome Racinais, Engineering
Director, MENARD
“The Application of Dynamic
Analyses for Testing of Non-
Uniform Deep Foundations”
Samuel Paikowsky, Ph.D., Professor,
University of Massachusetts Lowell
“Driven Displacement Pile Ground
Improvement for Liquefaction
Mitigation”
Armin Stuedlein, Ph.D., P.E.,
Associate Professor, Geotechnical
Engineering, Oregon State University
Program subject to change
PEOPLE & COMPANIES
Dan Brown and Associ- geophysics, including geophysical logging

ates (DBA) has had six in exploration, mining, environmental and
staff transitions recently. groundwater applications.
Dan Brown, Ph.D., P.E., Along with his experience in borehole
D.GE, immediate past geophysics, he has over four years of
president of DFI, has experience in marketing and sales. He was
transitioned to the role of chief engineer, responsible for the management and
where he continues to focus on developing coordination of geophysical logging for
practical solutions to complex and various large-scale projects, such as the
challenging foundation Harbor Bridge project in Corpus Christi, CZM Foundation Equipment, a manufac-
issues. Tim Siegel, P.E., Texas. Stroud’s goals are to create new turer of foundation, utility, piling and
G.E., D.GE, a senior prin- opportunities and relationships, and to landfill drilling equipment, has opened a
cipal engineer at DBA, has educate clientele by introducing the new 48,000 sq ft (4,459 sq m) headquarters
been promoted to chief company’s new and improved geophysical in the Interstate Centre II industrial park in
executive officer. Siegel technologies, while providing outstanding Ellabell, Georgia.
currently serves as co-editor of the DFI customer service. Robertson Geo also CZM broke ground on the new facility
Journal and is the chair of the DFI Ground added a YouTube channel this spring where that allows more room for the production
Improvement Committee. they provide tutorials and workbox videos of drilling rig machines and after sales
Paul Axtell, P.E., related to company geophysical logging inventory in September. The new factory is
D.GE, a senior principal solutions and software. on 16 acres (96.47 ha) and has two main
engineer at DBA, has been production bays, eight overhead cranes,
promoted to chief oper- Brian Irsch joined four jib cranes and a 4,000 sq ft (372 sq m)
ating officer. Axtell con- Schnabel Engineering as paint booth. CZM has also introduced new
tinues to serve as chair of an associate of the Dams technology within the building for stock
the DFI Drilled Shaft Committee, a position and Levee Engineering parts and engineering, and anticipates
he’s held for eight years. Business Unit. Irsch has increasing its workforce by 25 percent over
Robert Thompson, P.E., 22 years of experience in the next 2 to 3 years.
D.GE, is a senior principal geotechnical investigations and construc- The previous factory, located in
engineer at DBA and has tion management on civil engineering and Pembroke, will now be the East Coast hub
been promoted to chief environmental projects. He specializes in for after sales and service, with five full-time
financial officer. He is a providing design and technical oversight of employees. That location will be for service
member of DFI’s Driven Pile Committee. various grouting programs, using state-of- and repair of machines and Kelly bars.
In addition to the leadership transi- the-art techniques for new dam construc- CZM Foundation Equipment is the
tions, both David Graham, P.E., and Ben tion or the rehabilitation of existing dams, American division of CZM Corp., a leading
Turner, Ph.D., P.E., have both been including foundation preparation in karst, foundation equipment manufacturer in
promoted to the position of senior highly fractured/jointed rock and faulted South America, which was founded in
engineer. Graham has been with DBA since geologic formations. Brazil in 1976.
2009 and is based in Chattanooga, Irsch will be based in Schnabel’s
Tennessee. Turner joined DBA in 2016 and Greensboro, North Carolina, office, and JD Fields & Company recently acquired
is based in Los Osos, California. will use his unique expertise and extensive Alameda Pipe & Steel, a steel products
experience to serve clients across the manufacturer based in Gardena, Cali-
Stephen Stroud recently joined Robert- country by providing field management fornia. The purchase of the newly branded
son Geo as technical sales manager for its and engineering support services for a Alameda Pipe and Fab enables the 35-year-
North and South American markets. variety of dam investigation, rehabilitation old JD Fields, which has operated as a
Over his career, Stroud has gained design and construction projects. Irsch has company of two business units focusing on
extensive skills and expertise in logging a bachelor’s degree in applied geology from steel pipe for the oil and gas sector and steel
operations, commercial management, sales Illinois State University and is a licensed foundation products for civil infra-
and business development. He graduated Professional Geologist. He is a member of structure, to continue its evolution into a
with a bachelor’s degree in geological the American Institute of Professional one-stop, vertically integrated supplier and
sciences from Arizona State University, and Geologists and the Florida Association of manufacturer of steel products.
has 10 years of experience in borehole Professional Geologists.

The acquisition of the 85-year old California, for the Los Angeles Port upgrade to the MAG 7.0. The rig is ideal for
Alameda Co. will allow JD Fields to main- Authority. This was the world’s first installing heavy double heads for drilling in
tain the same revenue as well as provide industrial application of the bentonite rotary/rotary percussion mode and in
added value to customers who are looking slurry trenching method of excavation. rotary drum mode, in addition to the use of
to buy top quality niche steel products. Inquip is recognized as being an early hydraulic hammers. The new kinematics
JD Fields & Company pioneer in developing the slurry trench system allows the rig to hold a magazine
is a Fields Company that method of construction. Headquartered in load of up to 2,425 lb (1,100 kg), casings of
has been a leading McLean, Virginia, it is one of the oldest up to 7.0 in (178 mm) in diameter, and pipe
international supplier geotechnical companies in the nation pairs of up to 9.8 ft (3,000 mm) in length.
and distributor of API serving clients in North and South The design of the KR 801-3GS is
line pipe for oil and gas applications and America. The addition of Inquip to the especially compact. Its reinforced boom
piling systems for heavy civil, port/marine Forgen team complements Forgen’s assembly offers flexibility and enough load-
projects since its founding by Jerry Fields geotechnical construction offerings and carrying capacity for the operation of
in 1985. Its diverse business model provides immediate access to new moderately heavy drill head units of the KH
operates with top sales and engineering geographies and project opportunities and KD range in conjunction with a
professionals drawing from 150,000 tons throughout the U.S. and internationally. maximum usable rod length of 13.1 ft
of inventory in stocking facilities across The combined company will maintain (4,000 mm). Various drill masts are available
North America. headquarters in Centennial, Colorado, and as well to match a variety of applications.
In 2018, Jerry Fields officially turned will continue operating Inquip’s pre- The KR 801-3GS is also a product of
the company over to his son, Jay Fields, acquisition office locations, including its Klemm’s special focus on generating more
who came up in the business in Virginia headquarters. engine power, greater pump output, power
commercial sales and operations. Under sharing and energy efficiency.
Jay’s leadership, JD Fields evolved from a Equipment Corporation of America ECA has been a leading supplier of foun-
conventional distribution company into (ECA) has begun distribution of two new dation construction equipment in the
manufacturing and production. In drilling rigs introduced to the North eastern United States and eastern Canada
addition to its path to vertical integration American market at ConExpo-Con/Agg for more than a century. It is the exclusive
with production of rolled and welded 2020 by Klemm Bohrtechnik. The KR 806- distributor for Bauer Drilling Rigs, Klemm
casing as well as pipe and structural 4GM and the KR 801-3GS (pictured) are Anchor and Micropile Drilling Rigs, RTG
fabrication, JD Fields is breaking ground in the two newest additions to this line of Piling Rigs, and Bauer MAT Slurry Hand-
Houston on a new state-of-the-art spiral anchor and micropile drilling rigs. ling Systems. ECA offers sales, rentals,
weld pipe mill that will produce unique service and parts from its nine facilities.
heavy wall structural pipe to serve federal
highway and marine, and private port/civil Klug Construction Systems (KCS) has a
sectors. The merged entity will continue new affiliation with the Nittetsu Cement
operating privately to drive value to Co. whereby KCS will be the distributor of
customers in the steel, oil and gas, record for the supply of Nittetsu SuperFine
infrastructure, and transportation indus- ultrafine cement to the North American
tries with diversified construction pro- geotechnical and underground heavy
ducts and oilfield service divisions. construction markets. This cement is
Chris Risso, the former president of recognized worldwide for its quality and
Alameda, will join JD Fields as senior vice jobsite performance in solving complex
president of regional sales. Risso will work The Klemm line of rigs are ideal for grouting problems, and has a proven track
in tandem with the company’s sales income many drilling and ground improvement record of over 25 years in North American
producers, who will continue managing applications, including micropiles, jet markets under the guidance and
their own divisions. grouting, tieback anchors, dual rotary professional efforts of the management of
drilling and soil nail walls. These compact Surecrete. KCS will build upon the work
Forgen, a national leader in environ- rigs have dynamic power and offer a wide done by Fred Sherrill and Jeff Stokke of
mental remediation and infrastructure range of drill mast positions that can be Surecrete in solving complex industry
technologies, recently acquired Inquip operated via remote control or on a problems using this specially formulated
Associates. Inquip traces its roots to the machine-mounted control panel. high-quality ultrafine (≤10 micron particle
beginning of slurry trench technology in The KR 806-4GM represents a step size) cement available in 44 lb (20 kg) bags
1950 on the Terminal Island Project in down in weight class from the KR 807-7 or 2,205 lb (1.0 metric ton) super sacks.
Series. The rig contains a newly developed All quotes, purchase orders, invoices
kinematics system and a patented MAG 6.1 and other commercial activities will be
drum magazine, which represents an coordinated by KCS Vice President

Jonathan Klug from the company’s offices Benesch Law has introduced its new
near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. KCS has an platform to foster growth and connections
international Broker of Record, who along for women across all sectors of the
with the trading company of Nittetsu, can construction industry. Women in Con-
coordinate all ocean freight shipments to struction — Breaking Ground aims to fill
project sites and/or warehouses in North gaps in female leadership and address the
America. KCS will be warehousing the lack of advancement due to unconscious
Nittetsu SuperFine cement in the Seattle, gender bias, inadequate training, dis-
Washington, area to meet LTL project crimination in the workplace, an aura of construction community, educate one
requirements. exclusion of women from the boys’ club, another on ways to perform more
and the need for role models and mentors. efficiently, and provide guidance on
On April 24, DFI member Sebastian Lobo- The group offers legal bulletins, training, operating a successful construction
Guerrero Ph.D., P.E., presented the webi- webinars, networking events, as well as business. The first newsletter is available at
nar “Geotechnical Consulting Business” for a forum to foster connections in the www.beneschlaw.com.
the Department of Mining Engineering and
the Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering at West Virginia University
(WVU). Lobo-Guerrero is a geotechnical
project manager/laboratory manager at Liebherr Equipment on Slurry Wall Project
American Geotechnical & Environ-
mental Services. As the conference chair
for DFI45, Lobo-Guerrero highlighted the
importance of being involved with
professional organization such as DFI, and
the career benefits of attending DFI events
such as seminars and conferences. He also
highlighted the available opportunities for
students from the DFI Educational Trust.
Remarkably, he avoided any reference to the
“backyard brawl” associated with his alma Slurry wall cutter Crawler crane LR 1250
mater Pitt and WVU.
To cope more efficiently with passengers in Munich, the Deutsche Bahn (German Railway) is
The National Academy of building a second core line between the Laim and Leuchtenbergring stations. A central
Construction (NAC) se- entrance to the tunnel is in the Altstadt at Marienhof. Here, the joint venture VE 41 com-
lected Janice L. Tuchman, prising Implenia and Hochtief is carrying out slurry wall work using Liebherr equipment.
editor-in-chief of ENR The challenges lie in the large dimensions of the slurry walls and extremely confined
magazine, as the recipient construction site near historical buildings. An application with low vibration was necessary
of its highest honor: the Ted for the installation of the slurry walls that also could handle compactness and verticality. To
C. Kennedy Award. Tuchman has guided address the challenges, the contractor used the Liebherr slurry wall cutter type LSC 8-18 L.
transformation of the weekly magazine that The new equipment cuts its way through 1,165 ft3 (33 m3) of soil per hour and requires 8
covers design, engineering and construction hours for a primary trench. A total of 108 trenches measuring 59 in by 126 in (1,500 mm by
into the digital era, and expanded the ENR 3,200 mm) with 12.6 in (30 cm) overlap must be installed on the construction site in Munich.
mission to include educating the broad In addition to the cutter, the hydraulic slurry wall grab, type HSG 5-18, is in operation.
public on the industries’ key policy and It is also fitted with verticality measurement and a turning device for the frame, and is
operational strategies, techniques and issues. mainly being used for the initial excavation of the trenches.
The award honors late industry leader The carrier machine for both the grab and the cutter is a duty cycle crawler crane type
Ted C. Kennedy, founder of BE&K,whose HS 8130, which has excellent stability for such heavy equipment.
career spanned more than 60 years. Criteria The joint venture is using the separation plant SPC 600 C, which Liebherr offers as part
for the Kennedy Award include: commit- of a complete package for slurry wall applications. The package also includes grab, cutter
ment to people; obsession with safety; and duty cycle crawler crane. The plant can process up to 21,119 ft3 (600 m3) of support
integrity and ethics; championing innova- fluid including excavation material per hour. In addition to the two duty cycle crawler
tion; a lifetime of achievement; breadth of cranes with slurry wall cutter and grab respectively, type LB 24 and LB 44 drilling rigs are
sector experience and roles; industry also working on the cramped site for the expansion of the suburban line. Further, the
organization and leadership; generosity; and crawler crane type LR 1250 lifts the reinforcement cages into place. The second core line is
support of the greater community. scheduled to open in 2028.

IFCEE 2021
May 10-14, 2021
Hyatt Regency Dallas | 300 Reunion Blvd. | Dallas, TX 75207
The World’s Largest Equipment Exhibition and Technical

Conference Dedicated to the Deep Foundations Industry
• Over 3,000 Attendees
• Indoor and Outdoor Geo-Industry Displays
• Attended by Industry Experts and Company Principals
• More than 30 Hours of Exhibit Time
• Networking with Industry Leaders
• Exceptional Sponsorship Opportunities
• Cost-Effective Brand-Biulding Exposure
• Exclusive Print and Digital Exposure www.ifceexpo.com
Exhibit Sales Open Spring 2020

AD INDEX CALENDAR
Academy of Geo-Professionals (AGP) . . . . 117 SAMBO C.M.C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Tectonic Engineering &

American SpiralWeld Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Samuel Roll Form Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Surveying Consultants P.C.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
BAUER Equipment America. . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Slabjack Foundation, LLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 TEI Rock Drills Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Berkel & Company Contractors Inc. . . . . . . 11 Soilmec North America, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Watson Drill Rigs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Berminghammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Specrete-IP Incorporated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Western Equipment Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . 73
BSP International Foundations Ltd . . . . . . . 56 Star Iron Works, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Williams Form Engineering Corp. . . . . . . . 62
Casagrande USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Subsurface Constructors, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . 90 WORD Rock Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Center Rock Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Champion Equipment Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
ChemGrout, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
COMACCHIO S.R.L.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 DFI Events
Consolidated Pipe & Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Con-Tech Systems Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 August 2020
Crux Subsurface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5 VIRTUAL S3 2020: Slopes, Slides and Stabilization
DBM Contractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Software and Panel Discussion
DRILLTOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Online 11:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m. EDT
DuroTerra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Equipment Corporation of America . . . 46,70 12 ITS Money Webinar
Forgen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Online 11:00 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. EDT
Foundation Technologies, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . 10
GeoRocFor Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 20 DFI of India Preconference Webinar
GFA International, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
GMS Piling Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Online 4:30 p.m. IST (Indian Standard Time)
Goettle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
GRL Engineers, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 September 2020
Hammer and Steel, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
17 DFI of India Preconference Webinar
Hardman Construction, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Hayes Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Online 4:30 p.m. IST (Indian Standard Time)
Hubbell Power Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
ICE®-International Construction October 2020
Equipment, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,33
IDEAL Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 7 ITS Money Webinar
IFCEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Online 11:00 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. EDT
Intech Anchoring Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
International Bridge Conference . . . . . . . 117 TBD 45th Annual Conference on Deep Foundations
JD Fields Co., Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 An online conference
Jeffrey Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
John Lawrie Tubulars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 22 DFI of India Preconference Webinar
Keller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Online 4:30 p.m. IST (Indian Standard Time)
Kelly Tractor Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Keystone Drill Services, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 November 2020
Kiewit Foundations Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
19-20 DFI-India 2020: Conference on Deep Foundation
Langan Engineering &
Environmental Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Technologies for Infrastructure Development in India
L.G. Barcus and Sons, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Online
Liebherr-Werk Nenzing GmbH . . . . . . . . . . 96
Magnum Piering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 December 2020
Mait SPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Matrix Construction Products . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2 ITS Money Webinar
Meever USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Online 11:00 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. EDT
Mueser Rutledge Consulting
Engineers (MRCE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Nucor Skyline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,107 COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Update
Odin Construction Solutions, Inc. . . . . . . . . 15 DFI is actively monitoring the recommendations from the World Health
Olin Engineering Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Organization (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Panolin America Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Pieresearch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,103 (CDC), and health authorities of those countries in which we are scheduled to
Pile Dynamics, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 have conferences and other activities. DFI will continue to monitor the
PVE Equipment USA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 situation and will keep you updated on the status of our events.
QSP Packers LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Reed Concrete Pumps &
Shotcrete Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 DFI Events: Go to www.dfi.org/dfievents.asp for up-to-date information
Rocscience Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Industry Events: See a complete list at www.dfi.org/industryevents.asp

ATIONS
ND IN
DFI
U
ST
DEEP FO
ITUTE
DFI Educational Trust
®
ED
ST
CA
U
U
R
T IO N A L T
BOARD OF
ANNUAL REPORT
TRUSTEES
Chair
Tracy Brettmann
2019
A.H. Beck Foundation
Co., Inc.
Vice Chair
Rudolph Frizzi
Langan Engineering and
Environmental Services
Treasurer
Gianfranco DiCicco
BAUER Foundation Corp.
Secretary
Zoran Curanovic
Underpinning &
Foundation Skanska, Inc.
Daniel Dragone
BAUER Equipment America
Roger Healey
Richard Goettle, Inc.
Jonathan Huff
Bernard Hertlein
GEI Consultants, Inc.
Matthew Janes
Isherwood Associates
Seth Pearlman
Menard
Mark J. Rice
McNeil, Silveira, Rice & Wile
Lars Richter
AECON Foundations
Helen Robinson
GEI Consultants, Inc.
Andrew Verity
Terracon
Emeritus Trustees
David Coleman “To support and encourage individuals in the fields of study related to the deep foundations industry by providing
Richard Short scholarships and opportunities to meet and work with deep foundations industry leaders.”
M. Byrl Williams
The Deep Foundations Institute Educational Trust is an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization established in
2006 by the Deep Foundations Institute (an industry association) as its charitable arm. The Trust is governed by
Executive Director
a volunteer Board of Trustees and administered by the staff of the Deep Foundations Institute, headquartered in
Theresa Engler
Hawthorne, N.J. This structure enables a viable and efficient organization and minimizes management costs.
Message from the Trust Chair
I am pleased to present the 2019 Trust Annual Report, which is also available online at www.dfitrust.org. Thanks to the year
ending with some good investment returns, the Trust for the first time had assets in excess of $4 million, a significant increase
from the prior year. More importantly, the Trust awarded over $150,000 in scholarships during 2019. I am also pleased to report
that, in December of 2019, the Trust was awarded a $50,000 grant from the Terracon Foundation to start a scholarship fund
in Terracon’s name. This is thanks to Terracon employee and Trust board member Andrew Verity’s applying for the grant along
with DFI staff’s expert assistance. As part of the process we were interviewed by the Foundation’s board and Andrew did an
excellent job of explaining how important DFI and the Educational Trust are to the industry and how his involvement in both has
benefited him and Terracon as a whole.
The Trust has also supported the DFI Women in Deep Foundations (WiDF) Committee since its inception. The goal is to foster
greater success and interest of professional women in the industry by promoting networking events, endorsing outreach and
building mentoring relationships. The Trust’s Women in Deep Foundations Fund has been awarding professional development
grants to deserving women to cover travel costs to attend DFI’s annual conference (along with a free registration from DFI)
for several years now. The WiDF Committee filmed an exceptional video during the 2019 annual conference that answers the
question: “What is the geotechnical field?” Their enthusiastic members take you from the office to project sites and through
the many roles available in the geotechnical field including designing, supplying specialty equipment and materials, managing,
constructing, and more.
The Trust’s scholarships provide significant financial support to our student recipients so they can realize their dream of
completing their undergraduate or graduate civil engineering education. College expenses continue to rise dramatically and so
does the level of debt students take on in order to meet these costs.
We therefore ask you to support our efforts by making a personal or corporate donation to the DFI Educational Trust this year
as an investment in the future of our industry. Any amount you donate will make a difference. We need to attract more young
people and women into all aspects of our industry whether as a contractor, consultant, supplier, academic or owner. You can
make your donation online by visiting www.dfitrust.org. We look forward to your support.
Sincerely,
Tracy Brettmann
Chair, Board of Trustees
New Trustees
Jonathan Huff, P.E.
Huff is a design engineer/project manager and estimator for Goettle, where his responsibilities include engineering design,
estimating, project management and relationship building. His areas of expertise include augered cast-in-place piles, drilled
displacement piles, micropiles, caissons and tied back earth retention systems. A member of DFI, ADSC and PDCA, Huff is chair
of the DFI Augered Cast-in-Place Pile Committee and a former chair of the Cincinnati Section of the ASCE Geotechnical Group.
Huff’s term began August 1, 2019.
Matt Roberts
Roberts is senior business development manager for Kiewit Foundations Co., part of Kiewit Corporation. He is responsible for
the growth and development of Kiewit’s foundations business and supports client needs nationwide. During his Kiewit tenure
Roberts has supported the successful completion of a wide range of underground and foundation projects including secant pile,
slurry wall, driven pile and micropile installation. He also has industry expertise in drill and shoot, soft ground tunneling machine
operations, shaft excavation and support, roadheader excavation and support, pipe installations in tunnels, cellular grout
operations, pipe jacking and microtunneling. Roberts’ term began January 1, 2020.
2 | ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Since 2006, the
Trust has awarded
$1.25 Million
to over 350
Students
The DFI Educational Trust supports students across the United States and Canada pursuing
a degree in civil engineering or a field related to the deep foundations industry. With your
generous donations, you are making these students’ dreams come true.
Scholarship Highlights
Langan Legacy Fund The recipient of the Dennis J. Leary Merjan Scholarship
Memorial Scholarship at the University of
Scholarships Illinois was junior Eleftherios Monaxios. Recipients
The following students were the 2019 Four City College of New York (CCNY)
recipients of the Langan Engineering and Manuel A. Fine Civil students received the Stanley Merjan
Environmental Services Legacy Scholarships, Engineering Scholarships Civil Engineering Scholarship at the DFI
each receiving $5,000. Educational Trust Gala Fundraising Dinner.
Two students from schools in the Province
The recipient of the Bernard F. Langan of Ontario, Canada, received the Manuel A. Jeffrey Liu is a senior civil engineering
Scholarship at Purdue University was Fine Civil Engineering Scholarship, each in the student with a concentration in structures. He
graduate student Rameez amount of $2,500. is the concrete mix design captain of the local
Ali Raja. After serving 17 Concrete Canoe Club and president of the local
Michelle Liu is a graduate student at
years in the Pakistan Army chapter of the Structural Engineers Association
the University of Waterloo. During her
Corps of Engineers, Raja has of New York. He participated in the Dwight
undergraduate studies she
earned his M.S. from Purdue David Eisenhower Transportation Fellowship
became interested in the
and is continuing as a Ph.D. Program (DDETFP) and presented a poster
systemic challenges of
candidate. at the Annual Transportation Research Board
Northern communities. As a
The recipient of the Donald J. Murphy (TRB) Conference.
result, the research topic for
Memorial Scholarship her M.S. in civil engineering is Imam H. Mihan is a senior pursuing his
at NYU Tandon School of the Impact of Surface Material bachelor’s degree in civil engineering, with a
Engineering was senior Type on Rate of Downward specialization in structural engineering. After
Maria Dominique (Nikki) Heat Transfer in Permafrost Soil. graduation, he plans to work as a structural
Ong. Upon graduation, engineer in New York City while pursuing his
Patrick Wilkon is a senior studying civil
she is pursuing an M.S. in master’s degree. He is currently an active
engineering and management at McMaster
environmental engineering. member of the ASCE Student Chapter at CCNY.
University. After graduation,
The recipient of the George P. Kelley Wilkon plans to work as Alison Richard is a civil engineering student
Memorial Scholarship at a municipal infrastructure with a specialization in structures. Before
Drexel University was junior engineering consultant or as a attending CCNY she worked as a draftsperson
Andrew David Risser. Once tunneling contractor, integrating and an expediter. After graduation she plans to
he receives his B.S. in civil his capabilities and interests be involved in both new construction, project
engineering, Risser plans to in deep foundations to provide management and forensic engineering – in
pursue an M.S. in geotechnical innovative solutions that addition to pursuing a master’s in structures.
engineering. solve daily challenges in transit, water and CONTINUED ON PAGE 4
wastewater transmission.
ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | 3
Scholarship Highlights
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 3 Taylor Malangone is a senior Larry P. Rayburn
Michael Vera is a civil engineering student civil engineering student and
and currently works as an engineering intern a member of various student Scholarship Recipients
for the NYC School Construction Authority and chapters including ASCE, The recipients of the Larry P. Rayburn/
as a tutor at CCNY. He recently participated in and was recently inducted University of Cincinnati Civil Engineering
research in Japan pertaining to the structural into the Chi Epsilon Honor Scholarship are Jacob Nicewaner, Trent
stability of buildings during earthwork loads. Society. She recently interned Phillips and Sam Carper.
He intends on obtaining a master’s degree in with AECOM’s geotechnical group, and plans
structural engineering and his P.E. license. to pursue a master’s degree and career in
geotechnical engineering. Congratulations to the
Rachel White is a civil 5 WiDF Grant Recipients
engineering student and is
actively involved with many The DFI Educational Trust awarded five
clubs and honor societies Women in Deep Foundations (WiDF)
on campus including ASCE, Professional Development Grants of $1,750
DFI, Concrete Canoe and Chi each to women working in the deep
Epsilon. After graduating in foundations industry to attend DFI’s 44th
May 2020, she plans to pursue a master’s Annual Conference in Chicago, October
degree in engineering. 14-18. The grant includes free conference
registration and covers related expenses
for attending the conference.
Merjan scholarship recipients at the 2019 Trust
Annual Gala from left to right: Michael Vera, Imam Charles J. Berkel Memorial Congratulations to the recipients:
Mihan, Alison Richard and Jeffrey Liu.
Scholarship
School-Specific Awards at University of
Tugce Baser, Ph.D.,
Tamaro Scholarship Illinois, Auburn University, University of
assistant professor,
California at Berkeley, and University of
Recipients Houston
University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
Four Manhattan College students received The recipients of the Charles J. Berkel Memorial
awards from the George J. Tamaro Scholarship at the University of Illinois
Manhattan College Civil Engineering were David Kiepic, Kayla O’Sullivan and Sayantani Ghosh, EIT,
Scholarship Fund. Elisabeth Tarpey. senior staff engineer,
Cara Cao is a senior The recipients at Auburn University were Langan Engineering
undergraduate student Garrett Smith, Sarah Bacon, Robert and Environmental
majoring in civil engineering Miles, Nicole Reed, Brooke Earls, Kelly Services, Inc.
and is president of the DFI Turner, Jared Allen, Megan Foshee, Jacob
Student Chapter at Manhattan DeBusk and Christy Manning. Amanda Parry,
College. She recently geotechnical engineer,
participated in a research paper The recipients at the University of California GEI Consultants, Inc.
that has been accepted for presentation at the at Berkeley were Emily Wong, Colin Leung, (former Educational Trust
Transportation Research Board (TRB). After Mark Young and Mohammadrezza Bayat. Scholarship recipient)
graduating, she will be pursuing her master’s The recipients at the University of Houston
degree in geotechnical engineering. were Ahsman Bhusal, Leonid Prilepskiy,
Michael LaValle is a senior Moises Perez-Cruz, Sergio Gonzalez Sherry Pirzadeh, P.E.,
majoring in civil engineering. Miramon, Shehzaib Siddiqui and Elizabeth design engineer,
He recently completed an Walker. Menard Group USA
internship with JF Shea The scholarship is named in memory of Charles
Construction. He is the current J. Berkel, chairman of the board of Berkel &
president of the Manhattan Company Contractors, Inc., and a graduate
College ASCE Student Chapter of the University of Illinois. Berkel generously Adeleine Tran, P.E.,
and is involved in Concrete Canoe, DFI and committed $1 million to the DFI Educational geotechnical engineer,
NYWEA. Upon graduation, he plans to work in Trust to create this scholarship endowment Jacobs Engineering
the tunneling field. fund. Group Inc.

New Terracon
Scholarship Fund “Your monetary gift is an immense help to my continued education.
In December of 2019, the DFI Educational Trust
With graduate school on the horizon, your gift will go directly
and the Terracon Foundation established the towards tuition and books for the coming semesters.”
DFI Educational Trust/Terracon Consultants Trent Phillips, University of Cincinnati.
Scholarship Fund, which will provide
scholarships to engineering students attending
any U.S. college or university. The endowment
was established through a generous $50,000 transportation and infrastructure sector and for their generosity, not only in providing
National Partner Grant to the DFI Trust from member of the DFI Educational Trust Board of substantial monetary contributions, but also
the Terracon Foundation. The Fund will Trustees, championed the grant application. in-kind contributions of staff time, office space,
award, beginning in 2020, an annual $2,000 supplies, and other valuable resources. This
support allows the Trust to reduce its overhead
scholarship through the Trust’s At-Large
Scholarship program.
Hal Hunt Lecture at DFI costs and direct more funds to programs and
Annual Conference services for the students in our industry.
The Hal Hunt Lecture on
Communications was Giving Tuesday
delivered during DFI’s 44th
For the fifth year in a row, the Trust
Annual Conference on Deep
joined the nationwide #GivingTuesday
Foundations in Chicago, Illinois.
movement to raise additional funds for DFI
Linda Alvarado, president of
scholarship programs that help engineering
Alvarado Construction and
students achieve their educational dreams.
a limited partner in the ownership group of
#GivingTuesday is a movement to create an
the Colorado Rockies, delivered the lecture
international day of giving at the beginning of
Theresa Engler, executive director, DFI Trust, and on Embracing Change: It is Brains, Not Just
Bernie Hertlein, senior consultant, GEI, and the holiday season. A total of approximately
Brawn. The Hal Hunt Lecture was established
DFI Educational Trust board member, receive a $8,500 was raised.
$50,000 check from Terracon representatives
in 1989 in honor of Hal W. Hunt, one of the
Liz Smith, senior principal, and Andrew Verity, initial organizers of DFI, to recognize notable
national account manager, and DFI Educational communications. The funds raised from the
Trust board member. 2019 Lecture benefited the Women in Deep
Foundations Fund.
The Terracon Foundation encourages
employees to submit grant requests each year
for organizations focused on education and Thank You DFI
the built and natural environment. Andrew The DFI Educational Trust gratefully
Verity, national account manager for Terracon’s acknowledges the Deep Foundations Institute
Student Program at Annual Conference

Keeping with its mission of bringing together multidisciplined
individuals and organizations, DFI and the DFI Educational
Trust offered an exciting Student Activities Program for
undergraduate and graduate students, at the DFI 44th Annual
Conference. Dozens of students took the opportunity to
network with industry professionals at DFI’s career fair, as
well as to learn about the deep foundations industry during
the technical presentations and networking events. A tour
of Chicago’s engineering and architectural sites was also a
feature of the program, along with a scavenger hunt through
downtown Chicago.

At-Large Scholarship Recipients
Thomas J. Wysockey Charles J. Berkel Memorial Scholarship
Civil Engineering Scholarship
(Awarded to students attending any US college or university)
($5,000 each)
Tyler
($2,500 each)
Kleinsasser,
graduate student,
South Dakota Timothy Keefe, Nicholas Riesterer,
School of Mines senior, University of senior, University of
and Technology Rhode Island Michigan
Hunter VanSchoubroek,
freshman, Texas A&M
University ($2,000 each)
John O’Malley
Civil Engineering
Scholarship ($5,000)
Emily Adelsohn, David Blake, Johnathan Blanchard, Mindy Castle, senior,
Prakash Ghimire, graduate student, graduate student, graduate student, South Dakota School of
graduate student, University of Pittsburgh Brigham Young University University of Arkansas Mines and Technology
Virginia Tech
Fred H. Kulhawy Memorial

Scholarship
(first award from this fund)
($2,500)
Stephen Crawford, Manish Dulal, Hwanik Ju, Nice Kaneza, graduate
graduate student, graduate student, graduate student, student, The University of
Nicolet Chovancak,
University of Florida Virginia Tech Virginia Tech Texas at Arlington
graduate student,
University of South Carolina
Michael L. Condon
Civil Engineering
Scholarship ($5,000) Jesus Magdaleno, John McDavid, Dominick Prudente, graduate Milad Souri,
Erin Nebel, graduate senior, Oregon State freshman, student, Rensselaer graduate student,
University Texas A&M University Polytechnic Institute Portland State University
student, University of
Colorado - Boulder
Francis Gularte
Scholarship ($2,500)
Tat Shing Thum, Anh Tran, Kimberly Martin,
Gaby Vasquez, graduate student, graduate student, graduate student,
graduate student, Virginia Tech University of Arkansas Arizona State University
Texas Tech University

Scholarship Funds At-a-Glance
Year Annual
Fund Established Awards Purpose/Institutions
Hal W. Hunt Fund 2008 Varies Funds honorarium for the
Hal Hunt Lecture
Paul De Bruyn Fund 2008 Varies Provides engineering students with grants
to defray travel and other conference costs
Charles J. Berkel Memorial Scholarship Fund 2008 $50,000* At-Large. Any accredited college or university in the U.S.
Also, at these specific schools: University of California at
Berkeley, University of Houston, and University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
Stanley Merjan CCNY Civil Engineering 2010 $10,000 City College of New York
Scholarship Fund
Carnegie Mellon University Civil Engineering 2012 $12,500 Carnegie Mellon University
Scholarship Fund
DFI Trust General Scholarship Fund 2012 Varies At-Large. Any accredited college or
university in the U.S.
Larry P. Rayburn University of Cincinnati 2012 $10,000 University of Cincinnati

Civil Engineering Scholarship Fund
Francis Gularte Civil Engineering Scholarship Fund 2013 $2,500 At-Large. Any accredited college or university in the U.S.
Manuel A. Fine Civil Engineering Scholarship Fund 2013 $5,000 Any accredited college or university in
Province of Ontario, Canada
John O’Malley Civil Engineering Scholarship Fund 2013 $5,000 At-Large. Any accredited college or university in the U.S.
Thomas J. Wysockey Civil Engineering 2014 $10,000 At-Large. Any accredited college or university
Scholarship Fund in the U.S. Gives special consideration to veterans
Women in Deep Foundations Fund 2014 $8,750 Provides assistance to women currently
employed within the deep foundations
industry or academia to attend conferences
and other professional activities
Langan Engineering and Environmental 2015 $20,000 Drexel University, Purdue University,
Services Legacy Fund University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
NYU/Tandon School of Engineering
Michael L. Condon Civil Engineering 2015 $5,000 Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Cal Poly Pomona,
Scholarship Fund San Diego State University, Santa Clara University,
University of California-Davis, Oregon State University,
Washington State University, Montana Tech,
University of Colorado-Boulder and Virginia Tech
Penn State University Civil Engineering 2015 TBD** Penn State University
Scholarship Fund
University of Pittsburgh Civil Engineering 2015 TBD** University of Pittsburgh
Scholarship Fund
George J. Tamaro Manhattan College 2016 $10,000 Manhattan College
Fred H. Kulhawy Memorial Scholarship Fund 2018 $2,500** At-Large. Any accredited college or university in the U.S.
DFI Ed Trust/Terracon Consultants Scholarship Fund 2019 $2,000 At-Large. Any accredited college or university in the U.S.
* Annual amount may be larger depending on investment return. Minimum annual disbursement is $50,000 as per the wishes of the donor.
**Fundraising for these funds is still in progress and awards will be commenced or increased as their endowments increase.
2019 Financial Report
Financial Position Statement of Activities 2019
December 31, 2019 Revenues
Assets................................................. $ 4,045,231 Contributions............................................. $ 176,749
Liabilities............................................. $ 38,180 Fundraising Events (net)............................ $ 79,852
Net Assets.......................................... $ 4,007,051 Investment Income................................... $ 218,164
Total Liabilities TOTAL REVENUES.............................. $ 474,765
and Net Assets............................... $ 4,045,231
Expenses
Program Expenses
The Trust’s Endowment Funds
Scholarship Awards & Grants .......... $ 151,250
The DFI Educational Trust is composed of 19 restricted endowment Program Support.............................. $ 24,189
funds which, for investment purposes, are pooled in an account
composed of a balanced mix of equities and fixed income vehicles.
Total Program Expenses............................ $ 175,439
Scholarships and awards are disbursed each year based on the earnings Administrative Expenses........................... $ 60,963
(income and growth) of the Trust’s investments. Donations are invested TOTAL EXPENSES............................... $236,402
and the Trust does not make “pass through” awards as it is the intention
of most founding donors for the funds to exist in perpetuity. NET INCOME....................................... $238,363
Making an Impact
In the early part of every year, the Trust conducts a survey of scholarship recipients who graduated (or were scheduled to graduate) the previous year.
The survey inquires into whether they graduated as scheduled, whether they have obtained employment or are going on to graduate school, and, if
employed, the type of employer they work for and if that employment is in the deep foundations industry. The following are average percentages for
student recipients surveyed between 2014-2019:
5% Type of Employer
5%
22% 11%
Did you graduate? 23% n Design Engineering Firm
n Geotechnical Firm
n Yes 18%
78% n Contractor
n No, still in school
38% n Government Agency
n Academic Institution
n Other
Do you have a job?

23% Working in the deep
n Yes foundations industry?
39%
61%
n No
77% n Yes
n No
(Those without employment are
in graduate school or planning to
attend.)

2019 Major Contributors
Carnegie Mellon University University of Pittsburgh Civil Engineering
Scholarship Fund Scholarship Fund
Menard Equipment Corporation of America
Menard Group USA
Star IronWorks, Inc.
Michael L. Condon Civil Engineering
Scholarship Fund
George J. Tamaro Manhattan College
M. Byrl and Frances Williams
George J. Tamaro
Manuel A. Fine Civil Engineering
Scholarship Fund
Women in Deep Foundations Fund
Ontario Association of Foundation Specialists
Kiewit Construction Group, Inc.
Langan Engineering and Environmental

Services Legacy Fund Thomas J. Wysockey Civil Engineering
The Derrick Family Foundation Scholarship Fund
Rudolph Frizzi GMS Piling Products, LLC.
David T. Gockel James McHugh Construction Co.
David and Lori Simpson John Keno & Company, Inc.
Power Construction Co., LLC
Shoreline Steel South
Fred H. Kulhawy Memorial Scholarship Fund
Gloria Kulhawy
Michael and Mary Ellen Bruce Large Sustaining Members Fund (General Fund)
Paul and Karen Mayne BDG-CPAs
Rudolph Frizzi
Menard
Penn State University Civil Engineering Nantong SupAnchor Geotechnical Systems
Scholarship Fund
Equipment Corporation of America
Menard Group USA
Star IronWorks, Inc.
Support your future

employees -
Donate to the

2019 Major Event Sponsors
New Jersey Golf Outing Annual NY/NJ Gala Dinner
Platinum
Platinum
Lally Pipe & Tube
Component Assembly Systems, Inc.
Pipe & Piling Supplies, Ltd.
Forest Electric Corp.
Stressbar Steel Systems International, LLC
Langan Engineering and Environmental Services
Rockefeller Group Gold
Saltus LLC Underpinning & Foundation Skanska
Silman Silver
Reception Trinity Products
Binsky Bronze
Gensler GEI Consultants, Inc.
Networking Lunch
F&G Mechanical Corporation
Hal Hunt Lecture
Patron
California Golf Outing Condon-Johnson & Associates, Inc.
ConeTec, Inc.
Platinum
Equipment Corporation of America
Commercial Metals Company
GFL Infrastructure Group Inc.
Foundation Constructors
Keller
PJ’s Rebar
Langan
Byrl Williams
Menard
Morris-Shea Bridge Company
General
Berkel & Company Contractors, Inc.
5k Run
Gold
TEI Rock Drills Inc.
United Rentals Trench Safety Women in Deep Foundations Receptions
Silver Golder Associates, Inc.
Isherwood Geostructural Engineers Langan Engineering and Environmental Services
Menard
Nucor Skyline
“I would like to personally thank the DFI Educational Trust for the generosity,
support, and selflessness your outstanding organization has shown me and
countless students across the nation. Your scholarship will allow me to
spend my time in college pursuing a degree in the deep foundations industry
with more passion than before.”
John C. McDavid V, Texas A&M University

2019 Fundraising Events
Pennsylvania Golf Outing Awards Banquet, California Golf Outing
July 29, 2019 October 21, 2019
Montour Heights Country Club
Hal Hunt Lecture Castlewood Country Club
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and WiDF Networking Pleasanton, California
Proceeds benefit the Proceeds benefit the
Penn State Scholarship Fund and Reception at DFI 44th DFI Educational Trust General Fund
University of Pittsburgh Scholarship Fund Annual Conference
October 15-18, 2019 Annual NY/NJ Gala Dinner
New Jersey Golf Outing Hilton Chicago, Illinois
Proceeds benefit the
November 7, 2019
August 15, 2019 Terrace On The Park
Royce Brook Golf Club Women in Deep Corona, New York
Hillsborough, New Jersey Foundations Fund and the Proceeds benefit the George J. Tamaro Manhattan
Proceeds benefit the DFI Educational Trust General Fund College Civil Engineering Scholarship Fund, the
DFI Educational Trust General Fund and Stanley Merjan CCNY Civil Engineering Scholarship
the ACE Mentorship Program of New Jersey Fund, and the DFI Educational Trust General Fund
Pennsylvania Golf Outing, Montour Heights

Country Club, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Golfers at the NJ Golf Outing, Royce Brook Golf Club, Student Paper competition winners, Jamie Crispin
Hillsborough, New Jersey and Abigail Bateman pitcured with Tracy Brettmann
(center), chair of the DFI Educational Trust.
WiDF grant recipients pictured (l-r) at the DFI 44th Annual Conference in October with Tracy Tamaro scholarship recipients are pictured (l-r) at the Annual
Brettmann (center): Sherry Pirzadeh, Sayantani Ghosh, Tugce Baser, Amanda Parry and Adeleine Tran Fundraising Gala in New York : Cara Cao, Michael LaValle,
Taylor Malangone, Rachel White

Contributors 2005 - Present
Legacy | $1 Million and above
Berkel & Company Contractors, Inc.
Benefactor | $250,000-$999,999
Langan Engineering and Environmental Services
Leader | $100,000-$249,000
Case Foundation Company
Condon-Johnson & Associates, Inc.
Thatcher Foundations, Inc.
Premier | $25,000-$99,999
Bermingham Foundation Solutions Heavy Construction Association of Ontario Ontario Association of Foundation Specialists
Equipment Corporation of America Heavy Construction Association of Toronto Star Iron Works, Inc.
Rudolph Frizzi Loadtest M. Byrl and Frances Williams
David T. Gockel Menard
Hayward Baker David and Emily Merjan
Stanley Merjan
Cornerstone | $10,000-$24,999
Brosamer & Wall Francis Gularte Larry Rayburn
The Conco Companies Kiewit Construction Group, Inc. Skyline Steel
Katherine Condon George Leventis Underpinning & Foundation Skanska
Stephen Condon John Malcolm
Nicholas DeRose Malcolm Drilling Company
DFP Foundation Products, LLC McCrossin Foundations, LLC
Supporter | $5,000-$9,999
Bay Crane Service, Inc. Hathaway Dinwiddie Petrifond Foundation Co. LTD
The Carpenter Rigging Group Gloria Kulhawy Alan Poeppel
David Coleman Lally Pipe & Tube Michael Semeraro
Jerry Condon The Laquila Group Shimmick Construction Company Inc.
CZM Foundation Equipment Liberty Mutual Group, Inc. Philip Tringale
The Derrick Family Foundation Nicholson Construction Company Trinity Products Inc.
Ron Fuerst North American Construction Group Urkkada Technology Ltd.
Chris Hager Peckar & Abramson

Contributors 2005 - Present
Donor | $1,000-$4,999
Air Equipment Corporation Foundation Constructors, Inc. John O’Rourke
American Equipment & Fabricating Foundation Supportworks, Inc. Tamara Parkison
Arup GEI Consultants Inc. Maysill Pascal
Clyde Baker GMS Piling Products, LLC Pile Dynamics
Baroid Industrial Drilling Products GRL Engineers John D. Plante
Bauer Foundation Corp. The Arthur J. Gallagher Foundation Power Construction Co., LLC
Bauer Foundations Canada Marc Gallagher RCC Management, Inc.
Wendell Bell Gilsanz Murray Steficek, LLP Karyne Raymond
Kul Bhushan Matthew R. Glisson P.E. Jim and Anne Reilly
Bittner-Shen Consulting Engineers Golder Associates, Inc. Mark J. Rice
Blue Ribbon Travel Cristina Gonzalez Riggio Boron, Ltd.
Brasfond Fundacoes Especiais S/a The Greater Cincinnati Foundation Richard Rodgers
Brayman Construction Corp. Halmar International Roll Form Group
Tracy Brettmann Susan and Jeffrey Hecker Rollo & Ridley, Inc.
Andrew J. Burns Helical Drilling, Inc. SAS Stressteel, Inc
Richard Burrow ICE®-International Construction Equipment, Inc. Sandler Training by Peak Performance
CAF Magued Iskander Schnabel Engineering, Inc.
CTI, Inc. James Construction Co., Inc. Schneider Downs & Co. Inc
Cajun Deep Foundations Jinnings Equipment LLC Schwab Charitable Fund
Center Rock Inc. John Keno & Company, Inc Shoreline Steel South
Andrew Ciancia Jorj Osterberg Ltd. Richard Short
Clark Construction Group Matt Kalafatis David and Lori Simpson
Coastal Drilling George Kelley Steven M. Hain Co.
David Coleman Kelly Tractor Co. The George Sollitt Construction Co.
Construct Marketing Keystone Drill Services, Inc. Sunbelt Rentals
Brian Cooper Kiewit Infrastructure Co. Sun Pile Driving Equipment, LLC
Gerard Coscia William P. Kraekel Gene Swindell
John Edward Cubala L.B. Foster Company TJM Drilling Equipment & Supply
Zoran Curanovic L. G. Barcus & Sons, Inc. George Tamaro
DFT Consultants Michael and Mary Ellen Bruce Large Peter and Imelda Tamaro
Alfredas Daugiala Legacy Foundations Deborah J. Tharp
Di Gioia Gray & Associates Fabio Liscindini Thornton Tomasetti
DuroTerra, LLC Living the Cal Dream Deveney and Larry Totten
Eckert Seamans Cherin & Mellott, LLC Francis and Christine Lombardi Trevcon Construction Co., Inc.
E. E. Cruz Co., Inc. McHugh Construction Co. TREVIICOS
Electrical Services LLC Jim McIntyre Triad Metals International
Gregory Elko Shirin and Pheroze Madon Tri-State Drilling, Inc
Empire Transit Mix Inc. Manhattan College Michael Tuculescu
Theresa and Herb Engler Paul and Karen Mayne Steven Ueland
Enterprise Holdings Barbara Merjan Ulliman Schutte Construction, LLC
Melvin Esrig Mesirow Financial Beverly W. and James Withiam
Favor Steel & Fabrication Inc. Moretrench American Corporation John Wolosick
Ken Feldmann NASSPA Gerald J. Zambrella
Alexander Filotti Nantong SupAnchor Geotechnical Systems
Mason J. Ford OCI Division, Global Suppliers, Inc.

Event Sponsors 2005 - Present
We would like to thank the following sponsors for their continued support of our events over the years:
$50,000 and above

American Piledriving Equipment
Condon-Johnson & Associates, Inc.
Menard
$25,000 - $49,999
Bauer-Pileco Inc. Moretrench Star Iron Works, Inc.
Equipment Corporation of America Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers Trinity Products Inc.
Foundation Constructors Inc. Pipe and Piling Supplies, Ltd. Underpinning & Foundation Skanska
GEI Consultants, Inc. Richard Goettle, Inc. Urkkada Technology Ltd
Lally Pipe & Tube Skyline Steel
$15,000 - $24,999
Arup Hammer & Steel Nicholson Construction Company
Berkel & Company Contractors, Inc. L.B. Foster Company Pileco, Inc.
CZM Foundation Equipment Langan Engineering and Environmental Services PJ’s Rebar
$10,000 - $14,999
AECON Foundations Cove Property Group – Debbie and Tom Farrell STV, Inc
Atlas Copco Construction Mining Technique Magnum Piering, Inc. TEI Rock Drills, Inc.
Berminghammer Foundation Equipment PJS Group
Brayman Construction Corp. Silman
$5,000 - $9,999
AWT Environmental Services Inc Graycor Industrial Constructors Inc. Samuel Roll Form Group
Bay Crane Service, Inc. Hayward Baker Shoreline Steel South
Bittner-Shen Consulting Engineers ICE -International Construction Equipment, Inc.
®
Soilmec
Brasfond Fundacoes Especiais S/a Jinnings Equipment LLC Specrete-IP Incorporated
C.E. Anderson & Associates Kelly Tractor Co Steven M. Hain Co
Center Rock Inc. Liebherr Nenzing Crane Stressbar Steel Systems International
Champion Equipment Sales LMW Engineering Group Stroer & Graff, Inc.
E.E. Cruz Co. Inc. Malcolm Drilling Company Thatcher Foundations Inc.
Ferrara Bros. Building Materials Corp. Morgan Stanley Smith Barney TREVIICOS
GMS Piling Products, LLC. PennDrill Manufacturing Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Michael Garbooshian Pile Drivers Local 34 M. Byrl and Frances Williams
Ben C. Gerwick Pio’s Trucking Company
Golder Associates Inc. Rollo & Ridley, Inc.
$2,500 - $4,999
Air Equipment Corporation DYWIDAG Systems International USA, Inc. JAFEC USA, INC.
Pat Arnett Farrell Design-Build Inc. Jeffrey Machine, Inc.
Arthur J. Gallagher Construction Services Flatiron Corp. KB International LLC
Berminghammer Gensler Kiecon
Brown Strauss GFL Infrastructure Group Inc. Kiewit Foundations Group
Cajun Deep Foundations Heavy Construction Association of Ontario Kleinfelder
Case Foundation Integrity Rebar Placers Klesman & Company, P.C.
Component Assembly Systems, Inc. Isherwood Geotechnical Engineers The Laquila Group
ConeTec, Inc. IUOE Local 150 Legacy Foundations

Event Sponsors 2005 - Present
$2,500 - $4,999 (continued)
Liebherr Canada Ltd. Rockefeller Group Thorne Associates Inc.
Morris-Shea Bridge Company Saltus LLC Thornton Tomasetti
The Posillico Foundation, Inc Richard Short Turner Construction Company
Power Engineering Contractors, Inc. Skanska USA Webcor Builders
R.W. Conklin Steel Supply Sterling Lumber Company Weeks Marine, Inc
Reeve Trucking Co. Inc. George Tamaro
ROC Equipment LLC Terracon
$1,000 - $2,499
ABE Enterprises, Inc. Warren George Noel Outlaw
AECOM USA, Inc. Geomatrix Norfolk Southern Corporation
Alegre Trucking Gilbane Building Company Northeast Remsco Construction
Alpha Analytical, Inc. Gilco Scaffolding Co LLc Northern California Carpenters Regional
Applied Foundation Testing Global Piling Equipment, Inc. Oasys Ltd.
Assurance Agency Sean F. Glynn Ontario Association of Foundation Specialists
Baroid Industrial Drilling Products Grant Engineering & Construction PDCA Pacific Coast Chapter
Barton Malow Great Lakes Construction Association Pennoni Associates Inc.
Bay Machinery Corp. Thomas Groark Pile Dynamics
Berlogar Geotechnical GRL Engineers Posillico
Bigge Crane and Rigging Co. Haley&Aldrich Power Construction Co., LLC
CalPortland Company Headed Reinforcement Corporation PVE Piling and Drilling
Tony Canale Heavy Construction Association of Toronto Kurt T. Ricci
Carnegie Mellon University HIIG Construction Mark J. Rice
Carpenters 46 N.CA Counties Hydro-Ram, inc. Christopher Ridley
Central Iron & Metal Co. Intercoastal Foundations & Shoring Riggio Boron Ltd.
Clayco, Inc. International Construction Services Robert and Constance Soudan
David Coleman John Civetta & Sons, Inc. Schnabel Engineering, Inc.
Coastal Drilling John Keno & Company, Inc Schneider Downs & Co. Inc
Compaction Grouting Services. Keller Foundation Curtis T. Schultz
Zoran Curanovic Keystone Drill Services, Inc. Sika Corporation
D.P. Nicoli Inc. Kiewit Constructors, Inc. Smith Barney
Alfredas Daugiala Kiewit Engineering Co. Soilmec, S.P.A.
Dan Brown and Associates L. G. Barcus Soiltesting, Inc.
D’Appolonia LaLonde Equipment Rental STS Consultants, Ltd.
DBM Contractors Langan Engineering CA Tectonic
DFT Consultants Lehigh Hanson Tipco
DiGioia, Gray & Associates Linn-Mathes Tishman Construction
DiGroup Architecture Fabio Liscindini TRC International LLC
Donovan Hatem LLP Liuna Local 183 Treadwell & Rollo
Eckert Seamans Loadtest Thomas J. Trochalides Jr.
Edward Leske Company Thomas F. Londrigan Triad Metals International
Equipment Corp of America Canada Manson Construction Co. Trumbull Corporation
Exp Services Inc. Marathon Products, Inc. US Concrete, Inc.
F&G Mechanical Corp Marco Crane & Rigging Co. W.E. O’Neil Construction
Falk PLI Amy and Joe McIntosh W.R. Grace
Alexander Filotti Matthew and Dr. Connie Swickhamer West Coast Welding, Inc.
GAI Consultants, Inc. Theodore R. Maynard Joseph A. Wysocki
Gallina, LLP McNeil Silveria Rice & Wiley Yates Blackwell, LLC
Gannett Fleming, Inc. Menck GmbH
Geokon Inc. Mincon, Inc.
ATIONS
ND IN
DFI
U
ST
DEEP FO
ITUTE
®
ED
ST
CA
U
U
R
T IO N A L T
DFI EDUCATIONAL TRUST

326 Lafayette Avenue
Hawthorne, NJ 07506, USA
Tel: (973) 423-4030
staff@dfi.org | www.dfitrust.org
To make a Donation to the DFI Educational Trust, visit

www.dfi.org/trust/donate.asp.
The DFI Educational Trust is a 501 (c)(3) nonprofit organization.
Your contribution is tax deductible to the extent permitted by law.
www.hammersteel.com • 800-325-PILE (7453)
YOUR EXCLUSIVE
DELMAG SUPPLIER
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DFI ST
EP FO
326 Lafayette Avenue
ITUTE
Hawthorne, NJ 07506 USA
DE
Phone: +1 (973) 423-4030

® Fax: +1 (973) 423-4031
Sonic drilling for Philadelphia-area landfill drainpipe installation

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What are some applications of sonic drilling mentioned in the document?

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What infrastructure projects are used as examples to demonstrate the versatility of sonic drilling?

What infrastructure projects are used as examples to demonstrate the versatility of sonic drilling?

THE MAGAZINE OF THE DEEP FOUNDATIONS INSTITUTE JULY/AUG 2020

Sonic Drilling Capabilities CFAs Support

DFI Executive Committee

n Over 20 sales offices and dozens of stocking locations in North America

Departments 83 Drilled Shafts for Debris-Laden Sites

SPIN OFF 100 rpm

• Seamless interface with Next Gen CAT technology

The DFI and Self-Determination

DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020 • 7

WESTERN EQUIPMENT SOLUTIONS, LLC

FOOTHILLS DRILLING EQUIPMENT

DFI Community’s Generosity and Support

DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020 • 9

AUGER PRESSURE GROUTED PILES • DISPLACEMENT PILES • DRIVEN PILES

DEEP FOUNDATIONS | SHORING | GROUND IMPROVEMENT

CHANCE HELICAL PILES ARE SUPPLIED THROUGH THE

No matter how complex the soil strata or

Scan here for your own trial,

www.contechsystems.com Toll-free: Canada 1-888-818-4826, USA 1-888-494-3989

Sonic Drilling for

AUTHOR Jim McCombs, Cascade Environmental

16 • DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020

DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020 • 17

18 • DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020

When planning a tieback project, project managers and engineers

20 • DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020

DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020 • 21

And that you do know.

Designers & manufacturers

VISIT CHAMPIONEQUIPMENT.COM OR CALL 562-634-8180 TO GET STARTED.

New Jersey - Pennsylvania - North Carolina CASAGRANDE USA, Inc.

SuperPile 2020 — First All-Online Conference

Chair Lyle Simonton welcomes attendees

Thank you to everyone who supported

Presenter David Schoen used creative self-portraits as he answered questions.

DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020• 25

Panel Discussion: Jim Morrison introduces the GBR panel discussion

Some scenes from the WiDF video

26 • DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020

Restricted Access Piles Multiple Rigs

Restricted Headroom Piles Pile Load Testing

We’re proud of the fact that we helped pioneer today’s AugerPile™

DFI 2020 Outstanding Project Award Winner

DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020 • 29

30 • DEEP FOUNDATIONS • JULY/AUG 2020

What makes the ICE® EM30

(up to 50,000 ft lbs of torque) to be used with the 30”

InternatIonal ConstruCtIon equIpment, InC

Technical Program Committee

Roberto Lopez, P.E.

S3 Lead Committee Chairs

Deep Foundations Institute

Incorporating Deep Foundations in Limit-Equilibrium Slope Stability

12:30 p.m.-12:45 p.m. Break

Continuation of Software Discussion with Question and Answer Session