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 PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
IN SOUTH ASIA
INDIA, BANGLADESH, AND PAKISTAN
 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
A Comprehensive Publication Program

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
DAVID H. ROSENBLOOM
Distinguished Professor of Public Administration
American University, Washington, DC

Founding Editor
JACK RABIN

RECENTLY PUBLISHED BOOKS

Public Administration in South Asia: India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, edited by
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Meghna Sabharwal and Evan M. Berman

Making Multilevel Public Management Work: Stories of Success and Failure from Europe
and North America, edited by Denita Cepiku, David K. Jesuit, and Ian Roberge
Public Administration in Africa: Performance and Challenges, edited by
Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad, Lukamba-Muhiya. Tshombe, and Ernest Peprah Ababio
Public Administration in Post-Communist Countries: Former Soviet Union, Central
and Eastern Europe, and Mongolia, Saltanat Liebert, Stephen E. Condrey,
and Dmitry Goncharov
Hazardous Materials Compliance for Public Research Organizations: A Case Study,
Second Edition, Nicolas A. Valcik
Logics of Legitimacy: Three Traditions of Public Administration Praxis, Margaret Stout
The Politics–Administration Dichotomy: Toward a Constitutional Perspective,
Second Edition, Patrick Overeem
Managing Development in a Globalized World: Concepts, Processes, Institutions,
Habib Zafarullah and Ahmed Shafiqul Huque
Cybersecurity: Public Sector Threats and Responses, Kim J. Andreasson
Government Budgeting and Financial Management in Practice: Logics to Make
Sense of Ambiguity, Gerald J. Miller
Globalism and Comparative Public Administration, Jamil Jreisat
Energy Policy in the U.S.: Politics, Challenges, and Prospects for Change,
Laurance R. Geri and David E. McNabb
Public Administration in Southeast Asia: Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong and
Macao, edited by Evan M. Berman
Governance Networks in Public Administration and Public Policy, Christopher Koliba,
Jack W. Meek, and Asim Zia
Public Administration and Law: Third Edition, David H. Rosenbloom, Rosemary O’Leary,
and Joshua Chanin

Available Electronically
PublicADMINISTRATIONnetBASE
http://www.crcnetbase.com/page/public_administration_ebooks
 PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
IN SOUTH ASIA
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INDIA, BANGLADESH, AND PAKISTAN

Edited by
MEGHNA SABHARWAL AND EVAN M. BERMAN
Downloaded by [Meghna Sabharwal] at 01:15 25 October 2013

CRC Press
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 To my loving parents, Krishan Kumar Sabharwal and Savita Sabharwal.

—Meghna
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 Contents

Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................ix
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Introduction: Comments on Purpose and Method...............................................................xi

About the Authors.............................................................................................................. xvii
 1 Public Administration in South Asia............................................................................1
MEGHNA SABHARWAL AND EVAN M. BERMAN

Section I INDIA
 2 History and Context of Public Administration in India.............................................29
RAM KUMAR MISHRA

 3 Public Policy Processes and Citizen Participation in India........................................51

DOLLY ARORA

 4 Intergovernmental Relations in India.........................................................................73

REKHA SAXENA

 5 Public Service Ethics in India.....................................................................................91

SANGEETA SHARMA

 6 Freedom of Information in India.............................................................................. 111

RUMKI BASU

 7 Administrative Reforms in India...............................................................................135

MAHENDRA PRASAD SINGH

 8 Civil Service System and Reforms in India...............................................................155

KRISHNA K. TUMMALA

 9 e-Government in India..............................................................................................173
MOHAMMED BADRUL ALAM

Section II BANGLADESH
10 History and Context of Public Administration in Bangladesh.................................195
MOHAMMAD MOHABBAT KHAN

vii
 viii  ◾  Contents

11 Public Policy Processes and Citizen Participation in Bangladesh............................213

SALAHUDDIN M. AMINUZZAMAN

12 Public Service Ethics and Corruption in Bangladesh...............................................237

MOBASSER MONEM AND HASAN MUHAMMAD BANIAMIN

13 Freedom of Information in Bangladesh: Policy Dynamics, Present State, and

Challenges.................................................................................................................257
PRANAB KUMAR PANDAY AND GOLAM RABBANI

14 Administrative Reforms in Bangladesh.....................................................................279

NAZMUL AHSAN KALIMULLAH, A.K.M. REAZUL HASSAN, AND
MOHAMMAD GOLAM KEBRIA SARKAR

15 Civil Service System and Reforms in Bangladesh.....................................................297

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MOHAMMAD MOHABBAT KHAN AND MOHAMMAD ASHRAFUL HAQUE

16 e-Government in Bangladesh: The Dawn of Citizen-Centric Public

Administration?......................................................................................................... 317
NOORE ALAM SIDDIQUEE

17 Public Agencies’ Initiatives for Social Development in Bangladesh.........................337

QUAMRUL ALAM

Section III PAKISTAN
18 History and Context of Public Administration in Pakistan.....................................371
MUNEER AHMAD

19 Public Policy Processes and Citizen Participation in Pakistan.................................395

MOHSIN BASHIR

20 Intergovernmental Relations in Pakistan................................................................. 409

MUHAMMAD AMJAD

21 Public Service Ethics in Pakistan..............................................................................429

ABU RASHID JAFRI

22 Administrative Reforms in Pakistan.........................................................................439

MUHAMMAD ZAFAR IQBAL JADOON AND NASIRA JABEEN

23 Civil Service System and Reforms in Pakistan..........................................................453

NASIRA JABEEN AND MUHAMMAD ZAFAR IQBAL JADOON

Section IV  SRI LANKA

24 History and Context of Public Administration in Sri Lanka....................................471
A.M. NAVARATNA-BANDARA

Index................................................................................................................................. 487
 Acknowledgments

A book like this is possible only by the most sincere dedication of the authors and others who
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believe in its purpose. For authors, their reward is the chance to tell their part of the story of
public administration in South Asia. The editors and production staff have the honor of helping
them do so. As editors, we especially want to thank all contributors for their material that was
freely given in every sense of the word. We also want to thank Lara Zoble (Taylor & Francis) for
her unwavering support to this project. Yes, it did take an extra year. We also thank an untold
number of people who made it possible for us to work on this book through their support. Our
employers (National Chengchi University and the University of Texas at Dallas) as well as sup-
port staff (Angel Li) made it possible for us to do this work. We thank our assistants (Ian Chen
and Imane Hijal Moghrabi), who often helped on other works, which allowed us to work on this
project. We thank our colleague (Jeannine Relly) and former teachers, and especially our spouses,
Dira Berman and Nikhil Gupta, whose understanding and support were essential as we worked
on this book. No one is an island, neither us nor the countries that are studied here. We deeply
appreciate the contributions of all.

—The Editors

ix
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 Introduction: Comments
on Purpose and Method
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This book provides a comprehensive overview of public administration (PA) in South Asia. It
provides an in-depth examination of its objectives, processes, and achievements in four major
countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. It was developed to serve the needs of
­policymakers, policy analysts, public managers, professors, students, and all others who desire
a broad and accurate account of PA by some of the best experts in these countries. It provides
an accurate description and discussion of observed conditions. It is no exaggeration to state that
nowhere else will readers find such a comparative and authoritative treatment, a one-stop shop-
ping, on PA in South Asia today.
About one-fifth of the human population lives in South Asia, and people in this region are
connected and interact with others all over the world. However, little is known about the PA that
underlies so many of its problems and achievements. South Asia is a contrast of enormous social
problems, juxtaposed on the economic success of a growing middle class and wealthy business
elite. People from inside and outside the region benefit from understanding ways in which its PA
contributes to these problems and successes. Specifically, this book focuses on the machinery of
government, highlighting the operation and capacity of its PA for contribution. Specifically, it
discusses matters such as:

◾◾ What is the history of PA development in South Asia?

◾◾ How are major decisions made in the agencies in South Asia?
◾◾ Why are anticorruption efforts so much a challenge in South Asia?
◾◾ What is the significance of intergovernmental relations in South Asia?
◾◾ What is the success of administrative reform in South Asia?
◾◾ What are examples of successful social development programs in South Asia?
◾◾ How successful is e-government, and what are its challenges in South Asia?
◾◾ Why is civil service reform difficult to achieve in South Asia?
◾◾ How is freedom of information being used as a means to combat corruption and invoke
grassroot activism?
◾◾ What can be learned from the successes and failures in South Asia?

We believe that this is essential knowledge for anyone interested in understanding the sphere
of public action in South Asia. This book is the third parallel volume to examine PA in Asia.

xi
 xii  ◾  Introduction: Comments on Purpose and Method

The first is Public Administration in East Asia: Mainland China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan
(2010), and the second is Public Administration in Southeast Asia: Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong,
The Philippines, and Macao (2011). All three books are organized in parallel sections that dis-
cuss similar topics of these countries/administrative regions. When read in conjunction with the
first book, readers can engage in comparative analysis that involves India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
Sri Lanka, Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Macao, Mainland China, Japan,
South Korea, and Taiwan. These two volumes provide the essential one-stop shopping for PA in
East and Southeast Asia.
This book also has several distinctive features that we think readers will value. First, this
account is written by those of the region, not by those outside it. The advantage of getting the
insider perspective and viewpoint is self-evident. Second, the authors are all experts in their fields,
having published many journals and books in the discipline. We encourage readers to consider
their brief biographies in About the Authors, found in the opening pages. Third, authors were
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asked to cover both essentials as well as advanced points in their chapters. Fourth, each chapter
contains useful resources to pursue further interest in specific, in-depth matters. Fifth, authors
were given broad leeway and discretion to discuss whatever they felt were the most important
topics for others outside South Asia to know about. They could also discuss additional topics. By
doing so, we encourage the use of concepts or perspectives that are different from or distinctive
to their area.
The selection of topics within each country or administrative region is guided by disciplinary
interests and the possibility of using material in PA education. Indeed, while this is no textbook,
most chapters are useful in coursework, such as those on public policy, ethics, civil service reform,
performance management (administrative reform), and e-government. Indeed, nowhere will pro-
fessors find a better collection of chapters for bringing an international orientation to their courses,
whether they are outside the region or inside it. We think the overview chapter will be very helpful
as well, providing a basic overview of PA in South Asia.
The nature of any detailed examination requires inevitable tradeoff between breadth (coun-
tries) and depth (topics); it is inherent to a project such as this. The selection is also based on the
availability of scholarship and experts in each field who can write at global standards. Significant
capacity limitations exist in the region, including with regard to scholarship in PA, which is
sometimes not as developed as one might expect. Comprehensive coverage is possible for India,
Pakistan, and Bangladesh, albeit with some caveats. For example, it was not possible for us to
obtain chapters on e-government and right to information in Pakistan, nor was it possible to
obtain a chapter on intergovernmental relations in Bangladesh, which has a strongly unitary state.
From Sri Lanka, only a single overview chapter was possible, and even that was not possible from
Nepal, despite our best authors. The introduction from Pakistan is an overview chapter as well,
and it was only in the last moment that some chapters on Pakistan became available. We are really
pushing the frontier of capabilities and knowledge in South Asia.
Finally, the editors are themselves a snapshot of globalization in the field. One is of the region,
completing much of her education there and seeking a PhD in the United States; she is now pro-
fessor at the University of Texas at Dallas. The other was born in the United States but grew up
in Europe. He received a PhD in the United States and completed an entire career there; now he
is the director of the International PhD Program in Asia-Pacific Studies at National Chengchi
University in Taiwan, a leading university for the social sciences and humanities. Such cross-
cultural experiences are increasingly common today, and they help bring perspective. Western-
approach ­concepts are significantly culturally and contextually embedded and do not always find
the same expression in South Asia. We used our scholarly experience and editorial discretion to
 Introduction: Comments on Purpose and Method  ◾  xiii

help avoid misinterpretation and confusion, to ensure that local nuances are clearly identified, and
to ensure that writing styles meet global expectations for easy and smooth reading. We carefully
tried to convey the meanings and intentions of the authors.

The Approach
Considerable care was used in developing the methods for this book. A project like this requires
many choices, much more than “slapping chapters together and putting them between book cov-
ers.” All comparative works require guidance be given to authors so that chapters are comparable.
A balance is needed between giving too much guidance, thereby stifling interesting insights and
preventing authors from articulating that which may be unique to their setting, and too little
guidance, which might result in little more than a collection of interesting but unrelated facts.
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This task was addressed and described in the first volume, Public Administration in East Asia:
Mainland China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, where area coordinators decided to provide a
scope of general topics that constitute essential as well as specific concerns that are relevant to a
modern, international audience. Such an approach increases the likelihood of relevance, provides
a context for prioritizing, and, within that, great leeway for authors to discuss whatever they felt
constituted the basic understandings about their topic. In comparative studies, such an approach
is not uncommon.
A list of topics for this volume was developed in consultation with authors from South Asia,
building on the above experience. The context of South Asia did not make the use of country
coordinators practical, and the editors provided such coordination themselves. A very detailed
outline was developed, as shown in Table I.1, and provided to all authors of the book, as the de
facto chapter outlines that provided the basis for comparison. Authors were expected to write
about these topics concerning their country. Within these topics, they had absolute freedom,
and they were encouraged to supplement these outlines by adding whatever else was deemed
relevant.
Considerable care was also given to matters of quality control. Authors were selected based
on their expertise and reputation in their chosen subject in their home countries. All manuscripts
went through a multistage development and review process. In the first review, detailed outlines
were reviewed by the editors for coverage (scope), currency, and objectivity, to ensure coverage that
would allow for cross-analysis later. Based on this, some further refinement of the chapter guide-
lines occurred as well. In the second review, the editors reviewed completed manuscripts for con-
tent, balance, examples, and all other matters that make for useful chapters, including language,
format, and structure of the chapters to maximize readability and facilitate comparison; between
3 hours and 3 days were spent on each manuscript. The chapters were sent back to the authors
for final changes and review. In the third review, copyeditors of Taylor & Francis fine-tuned the
language and made it suitable for publication. The result is this book.
We hope this book increases familiarity with PA in South Asia and also plays a useful role in
integrating our world just a little bit more. Readers should feel free to contact the authors, all of
whom have email addresses that can be found on the Internet.

Meghna Sabharwal and Evan M. Berman

 xiv  ◾  Introduction: Comments on Purpose and Method

Table I.1  Detailed Chapter Guidelines for Authors

1. History and Context of Public Administration (PA)

a. Cultural and Colonial Influences on PA
• Historical periods of PA (focus on practices and very briefly on the development of
PA as a discipline). Context and driving forces in the development of PA, including
administrative, cultural, societal, and institutional forces; definition of public sector,
including special districts, if any (Note: The focus of the chapter should be on
central government)
• Relationship of politics and administration
• Major PA values in concert with Western values of equity, democracy, accountability,
efficiency, effectiveness, and the role of government in society. A focus on “values”
can link the discussion to the broader global literature on PA
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• Emerging issues in PA
b. PA Education
• Current state of PA education (number of universities offering PA courses;
disciplinary identity)
• Role of PA education in training public sector employees
• Future of PA education

2. Public Policy Processes and Citizen Participation

• Definition of public policy
• Public policy-making process (include formulation, implementation, and evaluation
stages; the point is to go beyond formulation in legislature)
• Problems of policy-making processes
• Various stakeholders influencing policymaking (including nongovernmental actors)
• Citizen input in decision making (narrow) and participatory democracy (broad)
• Example cases of innovations in citizen participation

3. Intergovernmental Relations (IGR)

• Historical relationships among local, state, and national regions
• Driving forces
• Multilevel governance, nonprofit organizations, challenges, centralization, and
decentralization
• Public governance—practice and prospects for collaborative decision making across
governments
• IGR reforms and its results
• Implications for intergovernmental management
• Include descriptions of local government as involving special districts, municipalities,
and divisions. Discuss any unique features in the administrative system (for example,
Bangladesh is a unitary state with special districts/zilas)
• Examples of cases
 Introduction: Comments on Purpose and Method  ◾  xv

Table I.1 (Continued)  Detailed Chapter Guidelines for Authors

4. Public Service Ethics
• Ethics laws and legal compliance, especially unique features of the administrative
system (for example, nature of financial disclosure)
• Nature of corruption: individual as well as organizational and institutional;
give examples of cases
• Policies to combat corruption—efforts to inspire ethical behavior through moral
leadership of senior officials, ethics training, codes of ethics, ethics audits,
performance measurement relating to ethics; give examples or cases
• Relationship between ethics and PA; discuss competing ethical obligations;
examples
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5. Freedom of Information
• Historical context under which freedom of information laws are passed
• Improving access and transparency through freedom of information laws
• Challenges and opportunities—resources, implementation, innovations, training
and education (government to citizen)
• Bureaucratic decision making—accountability, audits, and so on
• Examples of cases

6. Administrative Reforms
• Brief overview of history of performance management reforms. Include discussion
on relevant laws and legal framework
• Drivers and sources of reforms, levels of reform (system, agency, program or policy,
team, individual), major tools
• Performance management reforms during the last 10 years in detail; provide examples;
could include financial and economic reforms
• Outcomes of reforms—cases, systematic evaluation, challenges/failures
• Examples of cases unique to the administrative system

7. Civil Service System and Reforms

• Brief overview of the civil service system
• Selection of civil service employees. Testing and selection procedures
• Status of civil servants in society
• Benefits and compensation
• Relationships between civil servants and elected officials
• Major reform in recent years
• Civil service culture and performance at the individual level (human interactions,
bureaucratic culture, comparison with the Western system)
• Obstacles for civil service reform
• Examples or cases

(Continued)
 xvi  ◾  Introduction: Comments on Purpose and Method

Table I.1 (Continued)  Detailed Chapter Guidelines for Authors

8. e-Government
• Main actors and institutional development
• Cases and examples relating to improving (1) internal government efficiency;
(2) service to citizens; (3) e-democracy
• Driving forces and outcomes
• Challenges—infrastructure, human capital, IT and access (digital divide), privacy,
and legal concerns
• e-Government in local government
• Examples or cases
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 About the Authors

Muneer Ahmad is director at the Centre for Policy and Environment at the Lahore School of
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Economics (LSE). He is also the editor of the Lahore Journal of Policy Studies, published by LSE.
He has taught public administration at the Punjab University; the Civil Services Academy, Lahore,
Pakistan; Maiduguri University, Nigeria; and Western Michigan University, USA. He spent a year
as a visiting research fellow at Columbia University in New York and served as a member of the
Presidential Commission on Reorganization of Civil Services (1978). He has p ­ ublished in local
and international publications. His best-known publication is The Civil Servant in Pakistan (1964),
published by Oxford University Press. His areas of interest are comparative ­administration,
­politics of third world countries, and civil service and public sector reform.

Mohammed Badrul Alam earned his PhD from Cornell University, New York, USA. He has
taught for more than three decades in the United States, Japan, and India at various educational
institutions. Since January 2006, Dr. Alam has been a professor at the Department of Political
Science at Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India. He has authored several books, as
well as numerous articles, monographs, and book reviews published in international journals. He
has received several prestigious awards, including a Fulbright fellowship, Shastri Canadian for-
eign ministry award, German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) fellowship, Salzburg Global
fellowship, and Baden-Wurttemberg fellowship, and he was a visiting scholar at the East–West
Center, among other establishments.

Quamrul Alam is a senior lecturer in the Department of Management, Faculty of Business and
Economics, Monash University, Australia. He received his PhD in development administration
from Flinders University in South Australia and an MA in economics from Manchester University
in the United Kingdom. His research interests are public administration, public governance,
­public–private partnership, globalization and internationalization of Australian business, corpo-
rate social responsibility, and social capital and supply chain performance. He has published a­ rticles
in  Public Administration and Development, Public Management Review, International Journal of
Public Sector Management, South Asia, and International Review of Administrative Sciences.

Salahuddin M. Aminuzzaman is a professor of public administration at Dhaka University and

former chair of the Department of Development Studies, University of Dhaka. He is also the aca-
demic adviser to National Defence College of Bangladesh (Armed Forces) and adviser for Public
Policy and Governance Program, North South University, Bangladesh. He was a Ford Foundation
research fellow, Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration, the Philippines.

xvii
 xviii  ◾  About the Authors

He was a senior Fulbright scholar affiliated with North Dakota State University, USA. He was
visiting professor to various universities, including Bergen University, Norway; the University of
Tampere, Finland; and Dar es Salaam University, Tanzania. His areas of academic specializa-
tion include public administration, policy analysis, governance, development management, and
research methodology. He has worked as a consultant to different international organizations
such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank, Asian Development
Bank (ADB), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and Department for
International Development (DFID), among others. His recent publications include Government
and Development—Bangladesh and Regional Experiences (2006), Essentials of Social Research (2010),
and Understanding Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh (with Ishtiaq Jamil and others)
(2011).

Muhammad Amjad is the coordinator of the MS/PhD program at the Institute of Administrative
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Sciences (IAS) since 2004. His PhD is in public administration from Syracuse University, USA.
He joined the IAS as member of doctoral faculty after retiring from the Civil Services of Pakistan.
During his illustrious civil services career, he held key positions in government and autonomous
bodies, such as director general of Civil Services Academy, director general of National Institute of
Public Administration, and chairman, Ghee Corporation of Pakistan. At IAS, he teaches MPhil/
PhD courses and supervises MPhil/PhD thesis. His area of expertise is public finance. He has
published a book on Pakistan in his area of expertise.

Dolly Arora is a professor of political science at the Indian Institute of Public Administration,
New Delhi. Prior to this, she was with the University of Delhi. She has published widely in
national and international journals and has written books on governance, public policy, and
reform issues. Her books include Political Economy of WTO Regime: Some Aspects of Globalisation
and Governance (coauthored) and Social Sector Development: From Outlays to Outcomes. She has
also undertaken several research and consultancy projects, including policy and program evalua-
tion studies for the Indian government. Her current research interests include reforms, democracy,
and sustainable development.

Hasan Muhammad Baniamin is a lecturer at the Department of Computer Science and

Engineering at the People’s University of Bangladesh. He has also served as a research coordina-
tor with the Public Policy and Governance Program of North South University, Bangladesh.
Earlier, he worked as the program coordinator in the Public Sector Change Management Training
program funded by the UNDP and organized by North South University. He has authored two
books and published 12 articles.

Mohsin Bashir is an assistant professor at the Lahore University of Management Sciences

(LUMS), Pakistan. His areas of interest include public administration, with a focus on network
governance, organizational theory, and nonprofit leadership and management. He holds a PhD in
public administration and public policy from Arizona State University’s School of Public Affairs
where he was also a Fulbright Scholar. He also holds degrees in business administration and
computer science. His publications include research articles on public administration, teaching
cases on nonprofit management and industry reports on corporate social responsibility. Before
moving to academia, he worked with Nike Inc., Canadian International Development Agency,
Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit, and the Swiss Agency for Development
 About the Authors  ◾  xix

and Cooperation on projects in corporate social responsibility, sustainable development, and

information and communication technologies.

Rumki Basu is a professor in the Department of Political Science at Jamia Millia University,
New Delhi, India. She has published 9 books and 32 articles on issues of public policy and
­governance, international organization, and the political economy of development in India. She
has presented papers at the World Congress of Political Science in Berlin (1994), Seoul (1997),
Santiago (2009), and Madrid (2012) and has participated in international workshops in the Asia-
Pacific region. She has received the Indian Council of Social Science Research Teacher Fellowship
Award. Her important works include Economic Liberalization and Poverty Alleviation: Social Sector
Expenditures and Centre State Relations (2000), Public Administration: Concepts and Theories—New
Edition (2007), Globalization and the Changing Role of the State (edited) (2008), Governance and
Human Capital: The 21st Century Agenda (co-edited) (2011), and International Politics: Concepts,
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Theories and Issues (edited) (2012).

Evan M. Berman is professor of public management at Victoria University of Wellington, School of

Government, New Zealand. He is past university chair professor and director of the International
Doctoral Program in Asia-Pacific Studies at the National Chengchi University in Taipei, Taiwan.
He is the founding editor of the American Society for Public Administration’s book series on pub-
lic administration and public policy, a distinguished Fulbright scholar, and senior editor of Public
Performance and Management Review. Evan Berman has widely published in all of the major jour-
nals of the discipline, and his related books include Public Administration in East Asia: Mainland
China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan (CRC Press, 2010) and Public Administration in Southeast
Asia: Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Macao (Taylor & Francis, 2011). His areas of
expertise include public performance and human resource management, and he is the coauthor of
the leading textbook, Human Resource Management in Public Service, 4th edition (Sage, 2013), as well
as Essential Statistics for Public Managers and Policy Analysts, 3rd edition (CQ Press, 2012). Berman
was previously a policy analyst with the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Huey McElveen
Distinguished Professor at Louisiana State University.

Mohammad Ashraful Haque is a lecturer at the Department of Public Administration,

Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Before joining Jahangirnagar University, he had also
served as a researcher at the Institute of Governance Studies at BRAC University. He worked
as a research consultant in the UNDP’s Bangladesh Local Government Reform program. His
recent publications have appeared in journals such as International Public Management Review
and Journal of Administrative Studies. His research interests include public finance, public sector
resource ­optimization, and local government reform.

A.K.M. Reazul Hassan, a professor of political science, is working at a university-level government

college in Bangladesh. He is also a national volunteer of Jatiya Nirbachan Parjabekkhan Parishad
(JANIPOP). He earned his bachelor’s, master’s, and MPhil from Jahangirnagar University under
the Department of Government and Politics in Bangladesh. He also earned his PhD from the
University of Dhaka under the Department of Public Administration in 2010. He has authored
about 20 articles and coauthored two books. He is a regular contributor to national dailies and a
member of JANIPOP’s research pool. He contributes regularly to drafting reports. He has a special
interest in electricity governance and reform.
 xx  ◾  About the Authors

Nasira Jabeen is director of the Institute of Administrative Sciences at Punjab University. She
received her PhD from the University of Stirling, UK, and Master of Public Administration
(MPA) from the University of Southern California, USA. She completed her postdoctoral fel-
lowship at the Institute of South Asia, University of Texas, Austin, USA, with a focus on local
governance and gender. She was appointed professor of the Prince Clause Chair, jointly hosted
by the Utrecht University and the Institute of Social Studies, the Netherlands, in 2006–2007.
She has published her research work in international and national journals in the area of gov-
ernance and public management with special focus on civil service, local governance, human
resource management, and gender. She has contributed toward teaching public management at
the Civil Services Academy, Lahore, Pakistan, and the National Institute of Management (NIM)
in Lahore, Karachi, and Quetta. She has worked as Human Resources Development (HRD)
consultant for Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the British Council, the
Governance Institutions Network International (Norwegian Government Project), and UNICEF.
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She frequently lectures and conducts training workshops at public and private training institutes
and civil society organizations. She is actively involved with civil society organizations and com-
munity projects. She has served as the chairperson of AWAZ, a nongovernmental organization
(NGO) working in the development sector in the region of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. She is the
current president of Management Development Institutions of Pakistan (MDIP), Lahore.

Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Jadoon is the dean of Faculty of Management Studies and director,
Center for Governance, Institution and Organization at the University of Central Punjab (UCP).
Before joining UCP, he served the University of the Punjab as professor of administrative sci-
ences, director of the Institute of Administrative Sciences, and dean of faculty of Economics
and Management Sciences. He is also honorary professor at the Stirling Management School,
University of Stirling, Scotland, UK. He has published in local and international journals. His
research interests are in the area of organizational theory, human resource management, and
­public sector reform.

Abu Rashid Jafri is a professor of public administration. He serves as a member of the doctoral
faculty at the Institute of Administrative Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore. He is an
eminent scholar of public administration in Pakistan. Dr. Jafri received his PhD in public admin-
istration from University of Southern California (USA) and has attended advanced courses at
the Australian Administrative Staff College, Melbourne (Australia). His research is published in
national and international journals, and he has presented at conferences such as the International
Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS), Brussels. He is a management consultant of inter-
national stature and has completed a number of World Bank and United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) research projects. Dr. Jafri has extensive international exposure and has
represented Pakistan in conferences organized by International Labour Organization (ILO).

Nazmul Ahsan Kalimullah is a senior professor in the Department of Public Administration at

the University of Dhaka. He is also the founder and chairman of JANIPOP. He earned a post-
graduate diploma in journalism and a PhD in development administration from the University of
Birmingham, UK, and he completed a postdoctoral fellowship from the University of Bath, UK.
He has observed elections in USA, UK, Nigeria, Zambia, Mozambique, Egypt, Sri Lanka, Hong
Kong, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Recently, he observed the parliamentary elections 2012
in Timor-Leste. He has authored more than 60 articles and books. He is a regular participant in
TV talk shows and a regular contributor to national dailies.
 About the Authors  ◾  xxi

Mohammad Mohabbat Khan is a member of the Bangladesh University Grants Commission

(BUGC). He was the senior-most professor at the University of Dhaka before joining BUGC in
November 2011. He earned his MPA from Syracuse University and PhD in public administration
from the University of Southern California. He has been teaching at the University of Dhaka
since 1970. He was appointed professor in the Department of Public Administration, University
of Dhaka, in 1983, where he served as chairman. Professor Khan did his postdoctoral research as
a senior Fulbright fellow at Cornell University and the University of Texas at Austin. He had been
a Ford Foundation Research fellow at the Institute of South East Asian Studies, Singapore. He
taught at universities in USA, Nigeria, and Jordan. He also served as a member of the Bangladesh
Public Service Commission for five years from 1999 to 2004. Professor Khan has authored 17
books and 6 monographs and published over 185 articles in professional refereed journals and
contributed chapters in edited books abroad. He has been a member of editorial boards of several
international journals.
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Ram Kumar Mishra, senior professor, director, and Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
(ONGC) Subir Raha Chair Professor at the Institute of Public Enterprise, is a graduate of the
International Management Program, SDA Bocconi, Milan, Italy. Mishra has also been a researcher
for the Planning Commission, the Finance Commission, the Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory
Council, the OECD, United Nations University World Institute for Economic Development
Research, the International Civil Service Consortium, state bureaus of public enterprises, finan-
cial institutions, and banks. He has been a fellow of the British Council and Commonwealth
Secretariat and has taught at the University of Bradford, UK. He was associated with the UNDP
project on Macro Economics of Poverty Reduction, carried out by the Indira Gandhi Institute of
Development and Research, funded by the Reserve of Bank India, and he was a team member of
the State Fiscal Restructuring Project of the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy. He is
a member of the UN Task Force on Standards of Excellence for Public Administration Education
and Training and vice president of the International Association of Schools and Institutes in
Administration (IASIA), Brussels.

Mobasser Monem is a professor of public administration at the University of Dhaka. His doc-
torate in public management is from the University of London, UK. He has written extensively
on various aspects of public sector governance with special focus on public sector management,
local governance, and public policy. He got the prestigious Humboldt postdoctoral fellowship in
2003, which was tenable at the South Asia Institute, Heidelberg University, Germany, where he
was engaged in research and teaching. He has authored two books and 50 academic articles that
have appeared in reputed international journals. Currently, he is acting as the head of research
at the Centre for Administrative Research and Innovation (CARI), University of Dhaka. He
has worked as a consultant in many development projects undertaken/funded by such organiza-
tions as the UNDP, UNCDF, UNICEF, World Bank, DFID, DANIDA JICA, KOICA, CIDA,
SIDA, and SDC, as well as various government and nongovernment agencies in Bangladesh in
the fields of urban/local governance, institutional development and capacity building, monitor-
ing and evaluation of development programs, privatization, and civil service capacity building
and reform.

A.M. Navaratna-Bandara is a professor in political science and head of Department of Political

Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. He teaches human rights, public policy, and ­public
administration. He has several academic publications to his credit, including Management of Ethnic
 xxii  ◾  About the Authors

Secessionist Conflict: The Big Neighbour Syndrome (Dartmouth, Aldershot, 1995); “State Crafting
and Ethnic Accommodation in Post-Independent Sri Lanka” in Weligamage D. Laksman and
Clement A. Tisdell (editors), Sri Lanka Development since Independence: Socio-Economic Perspectives
and Analysis (Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York, 2000); “Provincial Public Administration
and the Public Service” in Ranjith Amarasinghe et al. (editors), Twenty-Two Years of Devolution: An
Evaluation of the Working of Provincial Councils in Sri Lanka (Institute of Constitutional Studies,
Colombo, 2010); and “State Building and Nation Building in India” in Ranjith Amarasinghe and
Jayampathy Wickramaratne (editors), Power Sharing: The International Experience (Institute of
Constitutional Studies, Colombo, 2011).

Pranab Kumar Panday, PhD, is a professor at the Department of Public Administration,

University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. After completing BSS (Honors) and MSS degrees in public
administration from the University of Rajshahi, he obtained MPhil and PhD degrees from the
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University of Bergen, Norway, and City University of Hong Kong, respectively. He conducted his
postdoctoral research at Cornell University as a senior Fulbright scholar. His main area of research
includes public policy, governance, and gender studies. In addition to a couple of books published
in India and Germany, the manuscript of his third book, entitled Women’s Political Participation
in Bangladesh: Institutional Reforms, Actors and Outcomes has been accepted for publication by
Springer. His academic articles have appeared in the Asian Survey, International Journal of Public
Administration, International Political Science Review, Local Government Studies, Commonwealth
and Comparative Politics, Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Administration, Public OTL Hear Back,
Organization Review, Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, and Asian and Pacific
Migration Journal, among others.

Golam Rabbani is currently teaching at the Department of Public Administration, Rajshahi

University, Bangladesh. He completed BSS (Honors) and MSS degrees in public administration
from the University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Later, he obtained a master’s degree in public policy
and governance from North South University, Dhaka. In addition to a couple of books and a
number of book chapters, he has published many research articles in internationally reputed
journals. His main research interests include public policy, governance, poverty, health, and
environment.

Meghna Sabharwal is a faculty member at the School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences
at the University of Texas at Dallas and an assistant professor in the Public Affairs program. Her
research interests are focused on human resources management, comparative public administra-
tion, race and gender issues, and high-skilled immigration. Her most recent work is published in
Review of Public Personnel Administration, Research Policy, Public Administration, The Social Science
Journal, and Government Information Quarterly, among others. She has also contributed a c­ hapter
to the book, Women in Public Administration: Theory and Practice. She received her doctorate
in public administration from Arizona State University in 2008. She worked as a postdoctoral
research fellow at the City College of New York, City University of New York (CUNY), before
joining the faculty at the University of Texas at Dallas.

Mohammad Golam Kebria Sarkar is an MPhil student at the Department of Public

Administration at the University of Dhaka in Bangladesh. His research topic is the “role of NGOs
in protecting the environment of Bangladesh.” He completed his honors and master degrees from
the same university and had distinctive academic results. Presently, he is serving in electronic
 About the Authors  ◾  xxiii

media (both radio and television) as a producer and presenter. He has a special interest in ecologi-
cal changes at the local and international level. He is a resource person in his serving area. He
achieved the World Summit Youth Award 2010 for his great contribution in electronic media.

Rekha Saxena is an associate professor at the Department of Political Science, University of Delhi.
She did her graduate and postgraduate studies at Hindu College and earned an MPhil and PhD
from the Department of Political Science, University of Delhi, India. She was twice appointed as
a country co-coordinator for India on Global Dialogue Programs of the Forum of Federations,
Canada. She was appointed as a member of a task force of the Second Commission on Centre–
State Relations, set up by the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Her recent
publications include Varieties of Federal Governance: Major Contemporary Models (Cambridge
University Press, India, 2010) (edited), Situating Federalism: Mechanisms of Intergovernmental
Relations in Canada and India (Manohar 2006) (authored), Mapping Canadian Federalism for
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India (Konark 2002) (edited), and India at the Polls: Parliamentary Elections in the Federal Phase
(Orient Longman 2003) (coauthored). She specializes in the study of Indian and comparative
politics with special reference to federal political institutions.

Sangeeta Sharma is a professor of public administration at the University of Rajasthan, India.

Her works have appeared in various publications of national and international repute. Her research
interests include digital governance, ethics, and sociopsychological experimentation. Her basic
inclination is toward constructing the conceptual frameworks that are high in normative con-
tent. She has authored a book on organization change. The edited volume by her relates to the
transformative pathways with collections from scholars around the globe on the prognosis of the
future society. She is special guest editor on policy analysis for IGI Global’s International Journal
of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development. Her innovative analysis of
various aspects of governance from an interdisciplinary perspective reflects scientific aptitude. Her
conceptual frameworks have been well acknowledged, and she has been invited to deliver keynote
addresses on her conceptual constructs at various professional forums. She is on various internal
editorial boards.

Noore Alam Siddiquee is a senior lecturer and director of studies at the graduate program in
public administration at the School of Social and Policy Studies, Flinders University. He received
his PhD from the University of Manchester, UK, in 1994. Previously, he taught at the University
of Dhaka, the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), and the University of Brunei
Darussalam. In 2009–2010, he was a senior visiting fellow at the Department of Political
Science, IIUM. He has published widely in internationally refereed journals. His current research
interests include public sector management and reform, public accountability and corruption,
e-­government, and local governance and development, with a particular focus on South and
Southeast Asian countries.

Mahendra Prasad Singh was a professor of political science (1980–2008) at the University of
Delhi. He was also the head of the Department of Political Science (1984–1987) and dean of
the Faculty of Social Sciences during 1986–1987 at the University of Delhi. He also served as
a director (Research and Publications) for the Indian Council of Social Science Research, New
Delhi (1979–1980). Professor Singh is currently an honorary senior fellow and director of research
at the Centre for Multilevel Federalism, Institute of Social Sciences, New Delhi, and the e­ ditor
of The CMF Newsletter. He has authored/coauthored and edited/coedited more than a dozen
 xxiv  ◾  About the Authors

books and more than 50 research papers in professional journals in India and abroad. Recent
books include Indian Federalism: An Introduction (New Delhi: National Nook Trust India, 2011);
Democracy, Development and Discontent in South Asia (New Delhi: Sage, 2008); Indian Politics:
Constitutional Foundation and Institutional Functioning (New Delhi: Prentice-Hall, 2nd edition,
2011); Indian Judiciary and Politics: The Changing Landscape (New Delhi: Manohar, 2007), and
Pakistan: Democracy, Development and Security Issues (New Delhi: Sage, 2005). Currently, he is
contracted as country co-coordinator by the Forum of Federations, Ottawa, on a Global Dialogue
Programme on the theme of intergovernmental relations.

Krishna K. Tummala is a professor in the graduate program in public administration at Kansas

State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA. He has written 7 books, published more than 75
articles in several areas of public administration in reputed journals and made as many presenta-
tions in national and international conferences in about 25 countries. He served on the govern-
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ing bodies of the American Society for Public Administration and the National Association of
School of Public Affairs and Administration and was president of Public Administration Honor
Society, Pi Alpha Alpha. Among the several awards he received are the Paul H. Appleby Award
for Distinguished Service to Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA), 2011; the Fred
Riggs Award for Lifetime Scholarly Achievement in the Field of Comparative and International
Administration (SICA/ASPA), 2008; the Don Stone Award from the American Society for Public
Administration, for outstanding services, 2005; and a senior Fulbright fellowship in the summer
of 1990.

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