Hypermarkets

A regional shopping center (sometimes called a ‘high street out of town’) has over 50000m2 gross floor
space.

a) Planning Guidelines and Criteria for Hypermarkets

 Basically, these are single volume transfer sheds, with a gross area of 10 000 to 50
000m2, self-service, selling a maximum range of convenience and durable merchandise
at low prices. Goods are delivered from manufacturers directly to on-site warehousing
areas.
 Location Usually out-of-town or urban perimeter, the road network is crucial to siting,
as most customers come by car; the maximum driving time is 10 to 15 minutes from the
center of town for urban perimeter sites, or 25 minutes for out-of-town sites. Minimum
catchment area is 80000. Stores may be open 24 hours a day.
b) Functional areas

 Goods delivery In small shops, there may be only a single entrance for both customers
and goods, but wherever possible, a separate goods entry should be provided. Goods
delivery should be from a service yard with suitable unloading and turning space for
 large lorries (see also Vehicle Facilities section). Delivery may be via receiving room or
stock room. Refuse and waste needs a separate circulation route (note that waste
recycling may require several routes).

c) Standards for corridors, stalls, freezers, shelving, queuing, and others:

Aisles

Recommended minimum width, 1.98 m, with subsidiary aisles 990 mm. Counter height, generally,
920 mm. System modules vary according to type of shelving and bracketing used.

Lifts and escalators

These should be in groups, visible from entrance. Lifts in large stores are often placed in the center
of the building, not more than 5Om from any part of the sales floor, and are often
combined with escalators, which is essential if 2000 people or more must be transported. Escalators
should run in successive series (return flights) to all sales floors, in both directions.

Food, alcohol, cafe, restaurant or medicines

Hygiene and security legislation applies and must be considered (see also Restaurants section).

Staff facilities

A rest room, locker room, drying arrangements for outdoor clothes, drinking water, WCs and
washing facilities must be included. Separate entry to customers is desirable, depending on size of
premises.

WCs

Recommended provision is complex, and care is needed to establish the correct category. General
guidance is set out in BS 6465 (which collates information in the Offices. Shops and Railway on small
units 5.30-6.00 18.00-36.00 Premises Act, Factories Act, etc.). <or small shops, combined staff
customer WC may be acceptable (depending on the shop’s area). If more than five staff are employed,
or if in planning class A3 (food and drink), higher provision is required.

 Basic dimensional guidelines give the minimum heights of spaces in shops and storage
facilities as;
 Up to 400 sq. m retail floorspace = 3.00m
 Over 400 sq. m retail floorspace= 3.30m
 Over 1500 sq. m retail floorspace= 3.50m
 Ventilation ducts or other structure should not reduce the required clear room heights. If
possible rooms up to 25 meters wide should be free of columns. The load bearing
capacity of floors should be designed to take additional loads such as light fittings,
suspended ceilings, decorations, ducts, sprinkler systems etc. (approximately 20kp/sq.
m).
 In the shopping areas and storerooms, it should be 750-1000kp/sq. m) and 2000kp/sq.
m) for ramps.
d) Layout and arrangement of market zones
 e) Building Code and Other Standards

1. Parking Provisions
Car parking For food retail (above 1000m2), one space/l4 mZ; non-food retail, one
space/20 m2 (maximum standards from PPG 13). There will often also be a petrol
station and car maintenance facilities.
2. Fire code provisions
Section 7. Inspections, Safety Measures, Fire Safety, Constructions, and Protective and/or Warning
Systems. - As may be defined and provided in the Rules and Regulations, owners, administrators or
occupants of buildings, structures and their premises or facilities and other responsible persons shall be required
to comply with the following, as may be appropriate:
a. Inspection Requirement - A fire safety inspection shall be conducted by the Chief, BFP or his duly
authorized representative as prerequisite to the grants of permits and/or licenses by local
governments and other government agencies concerned, for the:
(1) Use or occupancy of buildings, structures, facilities or their premises including the
installation or fire protection and fire safety equipment, and electrical system in any building
structure or facility; and
(2) Storage, handling and/or use of explosives or of combustible, flammable, toxic and other
hazardous materials;
b. Safety Measures for Hazardous Materials - Fire safety measures shall be required for the manufacture,
storage, handling and/or use of hazardous materials involving:
(1) cellulose nitrate plastic of any kind;
(2) combustible fibers;
(3) cellular materials such as foam, rubber, sponge rubber and plastic foam;
(4) flammable and combustible liquids or gases of any classification;
(5) flammable paints, varnishes, stains and organic coatings;
(6) high-piled or widely spread combustible stock;
(7) metallic magnesium in any form;
(8) corrosive liquids, oxidizing materials, organic peroxide, nitromethane, ammonium nitrate,
or any amount of highly toxic, pyrophoric, hypergolic, or cryogenic materials or poisonous
gases as well as material compounds which when exposed to heat or flame become a fire
conductor, or generate excessive smoke or toxic gases;
(9) blasting agents, explosives and special industrial explosive materials, blasting caps, black
powder, liquid nitro-glycerine, dynamite, nitro cellulose, fulminates of any kind, and plastic
explosives containing ammonium salt or chlorate;
(10) fireworks materials of any kind or form;
(11) matches in commercial quantities;
(12) hot ashes, live coals and embers;
(13) mineral, vegetable or animal oils and other derivatives/by products;
 (14) combustible waste materials for recycling or resale;
(15) explosive dusts and vapors; and
(16) agriculture, forest, marine or mineral products which may undergo spontaneous
combustion.
(17) any other substance with potential to cause harm to persons, property or the
environment because of one or more of the following: a) The chemical properties
of the substance; b) The physical properties of the substance; c) The biological properties
of the substance. Without limiting the definition of hazardous material, all dangerous
goods, combustible liquids and chemicals are hazardous materials.

c. Provision on Fire Safety Construction, Protective and Warning System - Owners, occupants or
administrator or buildings, structures and their premises or facilities, except such other buildings
or structures as may be exempted in the rules and regulations to be promulgated under Section 5
hereof, shall incorporate and provide therein fire safety construction, protective and warning
system, and shall develop and implement fire safety programs, to wit:
(1) Fire protection features such as sprinkler systems, hose boxes, hose reels or standpipe
systems and other firefighting equipment.
 (2) Fire Alarm systems.
(3) Fire walls to separate adjoining buildings, or warehouses and storage areas from other
occupancies in the same building.
(4) Provisions for confining the fire at its source such as fire resistive floors and walls
extending up to the next floor slab or roof, curtain boards and other fire containing or
stopping components.
(5) Termination of all exits in an area affording safe passage to a public way or safe dispersal
area.
(6) Stairway, vertical shafts, horizontal exits and other means of egress sealed from smoke and
heat.
(7) A fire exit plan for each floor of the building showing the routes from each other room to
appropriate exits, displayed prominently on the door of such room.
(8) Self-closing fire resistive doors leading to corridors.
(9) Fire dampers in centralized air conditioning ducts;
(10) Roof vents for use by fire fighters; and
(11) Properly marked and lighted exits with provision for emergency lights to adequately
illuminate exit ways in case of power failure.

3. Accessibility for disabled

4. For a wheelchair user to access a

building, a ramp serves as a
5. route to the buildings from the
parking lot. Ramps are an essential
6. method for assisting wheeled traffic
to cope with changes in level
7. that is traditionally overcome by
using steps
RULE II – MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESSIBILITY
1. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES AND FACILITIES: Where the following features and facilities
are: architectural design requirements in accordance with generally accepted architectural practice,
the same include the corresponding graphic signs.
1.1 Architectural facilities and features:
1.1.1 A – Stairs
 1.1.2 B – Walkways
1.1.3 C – Corridors
1.1.4 D – Doors and Entrance
1.1.5 E – Washrooms and Toilets
1.1.6 F – Lifts/Elevator
1.1.7 G – Ramps
1.1.8 H – Parking Areas
1.1.9 I – Switches, Controls, Buzzers
1.1.10 J – Handrails
1.1.11 K – Thresholds
1.1.12 L – Floor Finishes
1.1.13 M – Drinking Fountains
1.1.14 N – Public Telephones

1. APPLICATION OF BARRIER-FREE FACILITIES AND FEATURES

1.1 Graphic signs shall be bold and conspicuously installed in every access from point of entry to
connecting destination.
1.2 Walkways shall be provided with adequate passageway in accordance with provision.
1.3 Width of corridors and circulation system integrating both and vertical access to
ingress/egress level of the building shall be provided.
1.4 Doors and entrances provided herein used as entry points at entrance lobbies as local points of
congregation shall be designed to open easily or accessible from floor or to any point of destination.
1.5 Washroom and toilets shall be accessible and provided with adequate turning space.
1.6 Whenever elevator/s is required it should meet the requirements provide.
1.7 Ramps shall be provided as means of access to level of change going to entry points and entrances,
lobbies influenced by condition of location or use.
1.8 Parking areas shall be provided with sufficient space for the disabled persons to allow easy
transfer from car park to ingress/egress levels.
1.9 Height above the floor or switches and controls shall be in accordance with the provisions.
1.10 Handrails shall be provided at both sides of ramps.
1.11 Floors provided for every route of the wheelchair shall be made of nonskid material.
1.12 Water fountains shall be installed as required. (Refer to Appendix A for the illustrations of
Rules II and III complementing Rule II of the previous implementing rules and regulations).

4. Security

Type of Threats
Physical Threats

 Internal theft
 Shoplifting
 Burglaries

Digital Threats

 Card Skimming
 Customer data breaches
 Website hacking
 Secret taps in your network

f) Concepts for Freestanding Hypermarkets

New, free-standing supermarkets average 22,700 sq. ft to 31,000 sq. ft with 75 to 80
percent of the total store devoted to selling space and the remaining 20 to 25% of floor
space devoted to service areas such as storage coolers, prepackaging areas, grocery
storage, etc. Weekly sales per square foot of selling space vary from 3 .10 dollars/sq. ft to
3.75 dollars/sq. ft.
Generally, free-standing markets tend to be rectangular in shape, with the narrower
portion forming the front-to-rear dimension, Since most often the deliveries are at the
rear, the various back room areas (preparation and storage are located at the rear of the
building leaving the selling space more or less square.
 1. Actual Examples
a. Provide Photos of at least 2 international and 2 local examples ( Walmart, Pure gold, Save
more, S&R, Robinsons, etc.)
b. Describe each example by enumerating their individual features

LOCAL EXAMPLES:

Individual features:

 Puregold caters both retail and wholesale prices for various products.
 Customers usually shop by placing their selected merchandise into shopping carts
(trolleys) or baskets (self-service) and pay for the merchandise at the check-out.
 It is a self-service store offering a variety of goods by providing various stalls and
sections with corresponding types of goods.
 Puregold offers food products, such as dairy products, meat and meat products,
vegetables, and fruits; and non-food products, including cosmetics, clothing, shoes,
household chemicals, appliances and household goods, toys, and sports items.
 Puregold Junior supermarkets, which primarily for retail customers. On the other hand
Puregold Extra are primarily for wholesalers.
 Most Customer-Oriented Hypermart offering a One-Stop Shopping convenience.
 Puregold grocery occupies a large amount of floor space, usually on a single level.
Puregold also provides adequate number of parking spaces for the customers.
Individual features:

 Savemore supermarkets caters also both retailers and wholesalers.

 It is larger in size and has a wider selection than a traditional grocery store
 Customers usually shop by placing their selected merchandise into shopping carts
(trolleys) or baskets (self-service) and pay for the merchandise at the check-out.
 Savemore grocery always offer a last temptation food stalls such as; turon, cakes, ready
to eat fruits, fruit shakes, toasted chicken or fish, bread and many more.
 It is a self-service store
 Savemore is typically comprises meat, fresh produce, dairy, and baked goods
departments, along with shelf space reserved for canned and packaged goods as well as
for various non-food items such as household cleaners, pharmacy products and pet
supplies.
 It is usually situated near a residential area in order to be convenient to consumers.
 Savemore occupies a large amount of floor space, usually on a single level.
 Parking spaces are provided and usually either at the front or the lower basement.
International Examples:

Individual features:

 A very large hypermarket comprises of different stalls and sections that caters both
retailers and wholesalers.
 It is a self-service market so people uses pushcarts and trolleys to shop.
 An adequate amount of parking spaces are provided at the lower basement so it
convenient to customers.
Individual features:

 Caters both retailers and wholesalers.

 Have a wide range of goods and
merchandizes to offer
 Uses trolley/pushcarts and it is a self-
service market.
 Asda markets also have online booking
for foods and other goodies and so it is
more convenient to other people rather
than going directly into the market.
 2. Definition of terminologies related to the research problem( at least 30 items)

 Hypermarkets. A regional shopping centre (sometimes called a ‘high street out of

town’) has over 50000m2 gross floor space.
 Out-of-town hypermarkets Basically these are single volume transfer sheds, with a gross
area of 10 000 to 50 000m2, self-service, selling a maximum range of convenience and
durable merchandise at low prices. Goods are delivered from manufacturers
directly to on-site warehousing areas.
 ‘Comparison shopping’ is a term often used to describe centers which have individual
shop units, many of which may be selling comparable goods; they are an essential part of
traditional town centers.
 Convenience shopping’ covers supermarkets where an edge-of-center location may be
best, with car parking that allows shoppers to walk to the town center for other business.
The maximum walking distance is usually around 200-300m.
 Internet developments: (e-tailing), whereby shoppers order on-line, and the store delivers
to the home. The longer-term potential of this is still uncertain, but if it becomes very
popular, areas in many stores will become redundant.
 PPG 13 (Transport) This attempts to contribute to the Government’s sustainable
development strategy by reducing the need to travel, particularly by private car. It also
proposes better co-ordination of land uses, the sequential approach to retail development
(see above), and better public transport. Structure plans should encourage the use of
existing centers.
 Al: general retail
 A2: financial and professional services
 A3: food and drink.

References:

 Timesavers
 Architectural standards- Ernst & Peter Neufert- Architects’ Data
 Architects handbook
 RA no. 9514
 BP. No. 344 IRR
 Google for images.