SHS

Organization and Management

Module 1: Quarter 1 - Week 1

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ABM - Organization and Management
Grade 11 Module 1: Quarter 1, Week 1
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Madylene P. Peralta, T-I

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II and Rogelio Runas Jr.

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Mario B. Paneda, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Araling Panlipunan
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

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 Organization and
Management
Module 1: Quarter 1 - Week 1

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 Target

What is the meaning of management from different perspectives?

Management is the art of getting things done through people. – Mary Parker
Follet
Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing,
actuating and controlling; utilizing in each both science and art, and followed in
order to accomplish pre-determined objectives. --George R. Terry
Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that
they do it in the best and the cheapest way. -- F.W. Taylor,
Management is the art of getting things done through others and with
formally organized groups. -- Harold Koontz
Nowadays, different organizations can start from small, medium or large
size, public or private owned, and it’s either profit or nonprofit. And all of them
need a certain type of organizational management that would be effective to reach
and carry out their goals.
This module will provide you the necessary information and activities that
will help you understand the nature and concept of management.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. explain the meaning, functions, types and theories of management
(ABM_AOM11-Ia-b-1)

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer
the pretest on the next page in a separate sheet of paper.

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 Jumpstart

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following

activities. Have fun and good luck!

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Direction: Read and understand each question

carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which management theory focuses on human aspect of work?
A. Administrative Management C. Organizational Environment
B. Behavioral Management D. Management Science
2. Which management function involves in determining the organization’s goals,
performance objectives, and defining strategic actions that must be done to
accomplish them?
A. Controlling C. Organizing
B. Leading D. Planning
3. Which of the following influential people is known as the father of scientific
management?
A. Fayol C. Taylor
B. Mayo D. Weber
4. Which of the following is an example of the Hawthorne study?
A. Bank wiring observation C. Lighting experiment
B. Employee interview program D. Machine testing
5. Who is the father of Principles of Management?
A. Abraham Maslow C. Frederick Taylor
B. Elton Mayo D. Henri Fayol
6. Which theory states that human factor alone is not a consideration to achieve
organizational effectiveness?
A. Behavioral Management C. Organizational Environment
B. Management science D. Scientific Management
7. Which of the following is the last need of human base on Maslow’s Hierarchy
of needs?
A. Belonging C. Physiological
B. Esteem D. Self-actualization
8. Which part of the management function includes evaluating results, correcting
performance of employees and see to it that set goals and plans will be
achieved?
A. Controlling C. Organizing
B. Leading D. Planning
9. Which term best describes the process of obtaining, deploying, and utilizing a
variety of resources to contribute to an organization's success?
A. Management C. Planning
B. Organizing D. Staffing
10. Which management principle states that each subordinate should report and
receive to only one superior to avoid conflict or confusion?
A. Authority C. Equity
B. Centralization D. Unity of Command

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 Discover

Management functions are needed in order to accomplish the management

process of coordinating and overseeing the work performance of individuals
working together in organizations.
Management functions include the following:

(a) Planning involves determining the organization’s goals, listing down action
plan that must be done and the resources to be used to accomplish them.
(b) Organizing includes assigning tasks, setting aside funds for future use, and
developing harmonious relationship among them for the achievement of
organizational goal.
(c) Staffing indicates filling in the different job positions in the organization’s
structure which includes recruiting individuals depending on the type of jobs
and number of manpower needed. Its purpose is to put the right person on
the right job.
(d) Leading/directing involves influencing, supervising, training, guiding and
motivating subordinates to do their best so that they would be able to help
the organization’s endeavor to attain their set goals.
(e) Controlling involves evaluating and, if necessary, correcting the
performance of the individuals or teams to ensure that they are all working
toward the previously set goals and plans of the organization.

Management functions will all go to waste if coordination, efficiency, and

effectiveness are not practiced by an organization’s managers. Coordination ensures
that all individuals or teams are harmoniously working together to achieve their
goal while efficiency refers to the optimal use of scarce resources (human, financial,
physical, and mechanical) in order to bring maximum productivity; and
effectiveness means “doing things correctly” when engaged in activities that will
help the organization attain its aim.
Example: In my previous area of work (as a Production Leader/Asst.
Supervisor in a Manufacturing Company) we do monthly planning in order to meet
the given amount of output product of a certain motor. We plan the specific
number of motors that should be finish daily and how many motors should an
individual make in every hour to meet the daily quota and if certain downtime
(broken down of machines) occurs during the production, what is the right action
to do to recover and still meet the quota. And so, before the start of production, as
a leader, I check if my staffs needed are complete to form the production line and if
not, then we need to recruit (either internal/external) some individuals depending
on the needed skills in the production. Then I organize the intended work groups to
make a certain part of a motor up to the end of the production line and make sure
that they work all together harmoniously to finish the product. And to motivate
them to finish their task accordingly, I give them some rewards (giving vacation
leaves, gifts for the best operator, treat them outside, etc.) for them to finish their
tasks at the given target time with a minimal scrap motor. And lastly, to make sure
that we meet the daily quota, I control their absences, make sure that all operators

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do their tasks correctly and check if their machines are working according to the
standards that we should meet in making the motors.

Planning

Controlling Organizing

Leading/
Staffing
Directing

FIGURE 1. The Five Functions of Management

Management can be used in different aspects of life. For the past decades, a
lot of management approach is developed. Some of them even originated from
another management approach. In this module, we will just discuss the important
events of some specific management.

It began in the late 19th century after the Industrial Revolution but saw
more definitive form in the 20th century. Industrial Revolution refers to the
transition from hand production methods to machines, new chemical
manufacturing processes, iron production processes, increasing use of steam
power, and the development of machine tools.

Organizational
Environmentment Theory

Management Science Theory

Behavioral Management Theory

Administrative Management Theory

Scientific Management Theory

FIGURE 2: Evolution of Management

Theories

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Evolution of Management Theories:
1. Scientific Management Theory
Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915) known as the “Father of Scientific
Management” is the most significant contributor of this approach. He defines
management as “the one best way” for a job to be done. He made a study of
his worker why they have a low output. The result came out that the workers
have lack of enthusiasm, and discrepancy in their job assignments with their
skills. And so he came up with the Scientific Management Principles.
Four Principles of Scientific Management:
1. Develop a new method in performing a job base in science to replace the
old one.
2. Teach, train and develop the workers.
3. Interest of employer & employees should be fully harmonized
4. Establish fair division of work and responsibility between management and
workers.
Another contributor of this approach is the husband and wife tandem of
Frank Gilbreth (1868-1924) and Lillian Gilbreth (1878-1972). They devised a
classification of scheme to label 17 basic hand motions to increase productivity
and remove wasteful motion which is called the “THERBLIGS”.
2. Administrative Management Theory
This theory focused on manager’s role and what management practices
are best to apply. The most famous personalities in this approach are Henri
Fayol (1841-1925) known as the “Father of Principles of Management” and
Max Weber (1864-1920). Fayol believed that management activities should
be practiced and viewed separately from other organization activities such as
marketing, finance and research. While Weber wrote that organizations must
have authority structures and coordination with others based on what he
referred to as bureaucracy.
Henri Fayol’s Management Principles:
1. Work division or specialization
2. Authority and Responsibility
3. Discipline
4. Unity of Command
5. Unity of Direction
6. Subordination of individual interest to general interest
7. Remuneration/pay
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain of authority
10. Maintenance of Order
11. Equity/fairness
12. Stability of tenure of workers
13. Employee Initiative
14. Espirit de corps/Promotion of team spirit

Division of Work – Work is divided according to the specialization or

skill of the worker to increase their efficiency

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 Authority and Responsibility – refers to the issue of commands
followed by responsibility for their consequences.

Discipline – refers to obedience, proper conduct in relation to others,

respect of authority, etc.

Unity of Command – states that each subordinate should receive

orders and be accountable to one and only one superior.

Unity of Direction – all those working in the same line of activity

must understand and pursue the same objectives.

Subordination of Individual Interest – the management must put

aside personal considerations and put company objectives firstly.

Remuneration – workers must be paid sufficiently as this is a chief

motivation of employees and therefore greatly influences productivity.

Degree of Centralization – the amount of power wielded with the

central management depends on company size.

Scalar Chain – refers to the chain of superiors ranging from top

management to the lowest rank.

Order – social order ensures the fluid operation of a company through

authoritative procedure.

Equity – employees must be treated kindly, and justice must be

enacted to ensure a just workplace.

Stability of Tenure of Personnel – the period of service should not

be too short and employees should not be moved from positions frequently.

Initiative – using it can add strength and new ideas to an

organization.

Esprit de Corps – refers to the need of managers to ensure and

develop morale in the workplace; individually and communally.

Bureaucratic Characteristic:
1. Division of Labor
2. Formal Hierarchical Structure
3. Selection based on Technical Expertise
4. Management by Rules
5. Written Documents
6. Only Legal Power is Important
7. Formal and Impersonal relations

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 3. Behavioral Management Theory
This is also known as Human Relations Management Theory. This theory
focused on the human aspect of work. Elton Mayo (1880-1949) and Abraham
Maslow (1908-1970) are the most commonly associated personalities in this era.
Mayo did a study known as the “Hawthorne”, the lighting experiment and
the bank wiring room supervision experiment to know what affects the
productivity of a worker. From this experiment, he concluded that the
supervisory tasks given to the worker (giving privileges and special attention)
boost their productivity and the lighting has nothing to do with it. In addition,
he emphasized that the human relations and social needs of workers are
important aspects of management.

On the other hand, Maslow created a theory based on his assumption of

the human needs known as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Needs are classified
according to hierarchical structure of importance from lowest to highest.
Self-
Actualiza
tion
Esteem

Love/Belonging

Safety

Physiological

FIGURE 3: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

(a) Physiological needs include food, clothing, shelter, air, sex, and all
other physical needs necessary for a human being to live well.
(b) Safety needs includes the basic security, stability and protection
such as body, employment, resources, family, property, and health
security.
(c) Belonging and Love needs includes friendship, family and sexual
intimacy.
(d) Esteem needs includes self-esteem, confidence, achievement,
respect, fame, and glory.
(e) Self-actualization needs is the last need to be satisfied where in an
individual feels the need of finding himself. This may include
acceptance of facts, morality, spontaneity, and others.

4. Management Science Theory

This is also known as the Quantitative approach to management. This

theory originated during World War II as mathematical and statistical
solutions to military problems were developed for war time used.

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5. Organizational Environment Theory

This theory focused on understanding the external factors in the

environment that might have an effect on achieving organization’s goal.
They’ve recognized that human factor alone is not the only reason to achieve
their aim. Factors such as social, technical and economic can be in the form
of system (Open or Closed) might as well affect their organization. Open
system interacts with its environment (trends and interest of people, etc.)
while Closed system has no interaction with its environment (machines and
materials, etc.).

Understanding which system might affect the organization either good or

bad will lead managers to plan, decide and take actions for the benefit of the
whole organization.

Different Types of Management Styles

1. Autocratic
An autocratic style of management, is when, a manager makes a
decision unilaterally. The manager conveys the decision to staff, and
they have to work, within the scope of that decision.

2. Consultative
In consultative style, the manager engages the subordinates
efficaciously, in the decision making and problem solving process.
Consultative style endorses the concept of empowerment.
Communication is generally downward, but feedback to the
management, is encouraged to maintain morale.

3. Persuasive
Persuasive style of management is somewhat similar to the
autocratic style of management. The major difference is that, despite
holding the entire power of decision making, the persuasive manager
spends more time, working with his subordinates, in order to try to
convince them, of the benefits of the decision that have been made.

4. Democratic
Democratic style is a multilateral approach, where the manager
allows the employees, to take part in decision-making, and therefore
everything is agreed upon by the majority. This type of management
style is mostly found in businesses, where efficiency is a joint
operation.

5. Laissez Faire
Laissez Faire by definition means refusal to interfere. In Laissez
Faire style, the role of the manager is more like a mentor and
stimulator, and the employees manage their respective areas of
business. This type of management works only, if the people involved
are self-motivated and task oriented.

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 Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concept you have learned from the lesson.

Let’s check your knowledge and skills!

Enrichment Activity 1: Give Me!
Direction: Write a sentence or phrase that best describe each term below.
Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Management Science

2. Administrative Management

3. Scientific Management

4. Behavioral Management

5. Organizational Environment

Enrichment Activity 2: I just want to know!

Direction: Read and understand each question carefully. Write your answer
in a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the main objective of Max Weber management theory and how does
it differ to Henri Fayol’s management theory?

2. In your own opinion, which among the management theories discussed had
the biggest impact in today’s management practices? Explain your answer.

3. If you are going to choose one management style, which type do you think is
the most appropriate to use in school? Why? Explain your answer.

4. Cite the roles of the following sociologist/philosopher in the development of

management theories:
a. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
b. Abraham Maslow
c. Elton Mayo
d. Frederick W. Taylor

Great job! Can you summarize now the lesson? Keep on going.

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 Deepen

At this point, you are now ready to apply your knowledge in management in
real-life situations.
Direction: Read and understand the following situations below. Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper.
Scenario 1: As a student, think of a task in school where you think you could
apply your knowledge in management. Enumerate the steps on how you are going
to do it, then identify the management theories applied in your task? Clarify your
answer.

Scenario 2: Ivan Tatlonghari is a manager of a well-known fast food chain. He

noticed that their daily profit is decreasing due to his employee’s inadequate
experience. With your knowledge in management, what advice can you give to Ivan
to solve his problem? Which among the management theories and management
style is best to apply in this situation? Clarify your answer.

TABLE 1: Rubrics for Scoring the Output

Excellent Very Good Good Poor Very
(10 pts) ( 8 pts) ( 6 pts) ( 4 pts) Poor
( 0 pt)
Content Answers are Answers are Answers are Answers are No
comprehensive, accurate not partial or Answer
accurate, and and completely incomplete.
complete. Key complete. stated and Questions
ideas were Key points key points not
clearly stated, were stated are adequately
explained and and addresses answered.
well supported. supported. but not
supported.
Construction Well organized, Organization Inadequate Organization No
coherently is mostly organization and Answer
developed and clear and and structure
easy to follow. easy to structure of detract from
follow. answer is the answer.
not easy to
follow.

Good Job! You’re almost done!

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 Gauge

Post-Test
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Direction: Read and understand each question
carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which management principle states that each subordinate should report and
receive to only one superior to avoid conflict or confusion?
A. Authority C. Equity
B. Centralization D. Unity of Command
2. Which part of the management function includes evaluating results, correcting
performance of employees and see to it that set goals and plans will be
achieved?
A. Controlling C. Organizing
B. Leading D. Planning
3. Which of the following influential people is known as the father of scientific
management?
A. Fayol C. Taylor
B. Mayo D. Weber
4. Which of the following activities is an example of the Hawthorne study?
A. Bank wiring observation C. Lighting experiment
B. Employee interview program D. Machine testing
5. What management function is displayed in this situation: Andrei spend most
of his time at work setting their goals and deciding on the different tasks for
his subordinates to achieve it.
A. Leading C. Planning
B. Organizing D. Staffing
6. Which management theory states that human factor alone is not a
consideration to achieve organizational effectiveness?
A. Behavioral Management C. Organizational Environment
B. Management science D. Scientific Management
7. Who is the father of Principles of Management?
A. Abraham Maslow C. Frederick Taylor
B. Elton Mayo D. Henri Fayol
8. Which of the following management theory originated during World War II as
mathematical and statistical solutions to military problems were developed for
wartime use?
A. Administrative Management C. Management Science
B. Behavioral Management D. Scientific Management
9. Which of the following is the least need of human base on Maslow’s Hierarchy
of needs?
A. Belonging C. Physiological
B. Esteem D. Self-actualization

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10. Which management theory focuses on human aspect of work?
A. Administrative Management C. Organizational Environment
B. Behavioral Management D. Management Science
11. What management function is displayed in this situation: Diane is the
manager of a five star hotel. In her 5 day observation, she noticed that they
have plenty of customers checking in and out. Due to insufficient staffs to
assist the customer’s daily need, she decided to recruit and hire for
additional employee.
A. Controlling C. Organizing
B. Leading D. Staffing
12. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bureaucracy?
A. Generalism C. Impersonality
B. Heirarchy of authority D. Specialization
13. Which of the following statements is correct in terms of Autocratic to
persuasive type of management?
A. Manager is more like a mentor.
B. Manager makes the entire decision.
C. Manager allows the employees in decision making.
D. Manager spend more time working with his subordinates.
14. Which term is best described as the process of obtaining, deploying, and
utilizing a variety of resources to contribute to an organization's success?
A. Management C. Planning
B. Organizing D. Staffing
15. Which management function involves in determining the organization’s
goals, performance objectives, and defining strategic actions that must be
done to accomplish them?
A. Controlling C. Organizing
B. Leading D. Planning

Job well done!

Congratulations!

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References
Edilynda G. Enriquez.2016. Organization and Management. 168 D. Jorge Street,
Pasay City, Philippines: JFS Publishing Services
Helen Ma. F. Cabrera, Anthony DC. ALtarejos, and Riaz Benjamin. 2016.
Organization and Management. 1253 Gregorio Araneta Avenue, Quezon City,
Philippines: Vibal Group, Inc.
Ranulfo P. Payos, Ernesto G. Espinosa, Orlando S. Zorilla. 2016. Organization and
Management. Manila, Philippines: Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Emmanuel T. Santos.2016. Organization & Management. 1061 Metropolitan

Avenue, San Antoniop Village, Makati City: International Academy of Management
& Economics

https://www.technofunc.com/index.php/leadership-skills-2/leadership-a-
management/item/management-theories
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-organizationalbehavior/chapter/different-
management-theories/

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