Designation: B 429 – 02

Standard Specification for

Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Structural Pipe and Tube1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 429; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope * B 807 Practice for Extrusion Press Solution Heat Treatment

1.1 This specification covers aluminum-alloy pipe and ex- of Aluminum Alloys2
truded tube in selected alloys and tempers and in standard sizes B 918 Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys2
as shown in the tables in Appendix X1. This pipe and tube is E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
intended for use in structural applications such as highway and Determine Conformance with Specifications3
bridge rails, chain-link fence posts, handrails, sign structures, E 34 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and
awning supports, lighting brackets, etc. Structural pipe and Aluminum-Base Alloys4
tube is not intended for fluid-carrying applications involving E 55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and
pressure. Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition4
E 227 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
NOTE 1—For drawn seamless tube used in pressure applications see Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the
Specification B 210, and for seamless pipe and seamless extruded tube
used in pressure applications see Specification B 241.
Point-to-Plane Technique4
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)5
1.2 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with E 607 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
ANSI H35.1. The equivalent Unified Numbering System alloy Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the
designations are those of Table 1 preceded by A9, for example, Point-to-Plane Technique, Nitrogen Atmosphere4
A96061 for alloy 6061 in accordance with Practice E 527. E 716 Practices for Sampling Aluminum and Aluminum
1.3 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum Alloys for Spectrochemical Analysis4
and aluminum alloys in this specification, see Annex A2. E 1251 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the Argon
The values given in parentheses are for information only. Atmosphere, Point-to-Plane, Unipolar Self-Initiating Ca-
2. Referenced Documents pacitor Discharge4
2.3 ANSI Standards:
2.1 The following documents of the date of issue in effect H35.1 Alloy and Temper Designations Systems for Alumi-
on date of material procurement form a part of this specifica- num2
tion to the extent referenced herein: H35.2 Dimensional Tolerance for Aluminum Mill Products2
2.2 ASTM Standards: 2.4 Military Standards:
B 210 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage6
Drawn Seamless Tubes2 2.5 Federal Standards:
B 241 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)6
Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube2
B 557 Test Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and Cast 3. Terminology
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products2 3.1 Definitions:
B 660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum and 3.1.1 extruded structural pipe—extruded structural tube
Magnesium Products2 having certain standardized sizes of outside diameter and wall
B 666/B 666M Practice for Identification Marking of Alu- thickness commonly designated by “Nominal Pipe Sizes” and
minum Products2 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Schedule Num-
bers.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light
3
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
4
Aluminum Alloy Wrought Products. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
5
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
6
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as B 429–00. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 B 429 – 02
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition LimitsA,B,C
Alloy Other ElementsD
Desig- Silicon Iron Copper Manganese Magnesium Chromium Zinc Titanium Aluminum
nation Each TotalE
6061 0.40–0.8 0.7 0.15–0.40 0.15 0.8–1.2 0.04–0.35 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder
6063 0.20–0.6 0.35 0.10 0.10 0.45–0.9 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
A
Limits are in percent maximum unless shown as a range.
B
Analysis shall be made for the elements for which limits are shown in this table.
C
To determine conformance to these limits, an observed value or a calculated value obtained from analysis shall be rounded-off to the nearest unit in the last right-hand
place of the figures used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E 29.
D
Others includes all unlisted metallic elements. The producer may analyze samples for trace elements not specified in the specification. However, such analysis is not
required and may not cover all metallic Others elements. Should any analysis by the producer or the purchaser establish that an Others element exceeds the limit of Each
or that the aggregate of several Others elements exceeds the limit of Total, the material shall be considered nonconforming.
E
Other Elements—Total shall be the sum of unspecified metallic elements 0.010 % or more, rounded to the second decimal before determining the sum.

3.1.2 extruded structural tube—a hollow product having a the purchaser at the time the order is placed. The purchaser
round cross section and a uniform wall thickness, brought to shall have the right to perform any of the inspections and tests
final dimensions by extruding through a bridge-type die or by set forth in this specification where such inspections are
similar methods, at the option of the producer. deemed necessary to ensure that material conforms to pre-
scribed requirements.
4. Ordering Information 7.2 Lot Definition—An inspection lot shall consist of an
4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the identifiable quantity of material of the same mill form, alloy,
following information: temper, and nominal dimensions traceable to a heat-treat lot or
4.1.1 This specification designation (which includes the lots, and subjected to inspection at one time.
number, the year, and the revision letter, if applicable),
4.1.2 Quantity in pieces, pounds, or feet, 8. Chemical Composition
4.1.3 Size and schedule number for pipe; outside diameter 8.1 Limits:
and wall thickness for extruded tube (see tables in Appendix 8.1.1 The material shall conform to the chemical composi-
X1) and length in feet, tion limits prescribed in Table 1. The producer shall determine
4.1.4 Alloy (Section 8) and temper (Section 9), conformance by analyzing samples taken when the ingots are
4.2 Additionally, orders for material to this specification poured, or analyzing samples taken from the finished or
shall include the following information when required by the semifinished product. If the producer has determined the
purchaser: chemical composition of the material during the course of
4.2.1 Whether inspection or witness of inspection and tests manufacture, he shall not be required to sample and analyze the
by the purchaser’s representative is required prior to material finished product.
shipment (Section 13), NOTE 2—It is standard practice in the United States aluminum industry
4.2.2 Whether certification of the material by the manu- to determine conformance to the chemical composition limits prior to
facturer is required (Section 15), further processing of ingots into wrought products. Due to the continuous
4.2.3 Whether marking for identification is required (Sec- nature of the process, it is not practical to keep a specific ingot analysis
tion 16), and identified with a specific quantity of finished material.
4.2.4 Whether Practices B 660 applies and, if so, the levels 8.2 Number of Samples—The number of samples taken for
of preservation, packaging, and packing required (Section 17). determination of chemical composition shall be as follows:
8.2.1 When samples are taken at the time the ingots are
5. Materials and Manufacture poured, at least one sample shall be taken for each group of
5.1 The pipe or tube may be produced by extrusion through ingots poured simultaneously from the same source of molten
a bridge-type die or by other methods at the option of the metal.
producer, provided that the resulting products comply with the 8.2.2 When samples are taken from the finished or semi-
requirements in this specification. finished product, a sample shall be taken to represent each
4000 lb (1814 kg), or fraction thereof, of material in the lot,
6. Special Characteristics except that not more than one sample shall be required per
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, the pipe or tube shall be piece.
supplied with square-cut ends. 8.3 Methods of Sampling—Samples for determination of
chemical composition shall be taken in accordance with one of
7. Responsibility for Quality Assurance the following methods:
7.1 Responsibility for Inspection and Tests—Unless other- 8.3.1 Samples for chemical analysis shall be taken from the
wise specified in the contract or purchase order, the producer is material by drilling, sawing, milling, turning, or clipping a
responsible for the performance of all inspection and test representative piece or pieces to obtain a weight of prepared
requirements specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in sample not less than 75 g. Sampling shall be in accordance
the contract or order, the producer may use his own or any with Practice E 55.
other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection 8.3.2 Sampling for spectrochemical analysis shall be in
and test requirements specified herein, unless disapproved by accordance with Practices E 716. Samples for other methods of

2
 B 429 – 02
analysis shall be suitable for the form of material being Table
analyzed and the type of analytical method used. No. Title
8.4 Methods of Analysis—The determination of chemical 12.1 Diameter, Round Extruded Tube Except for T3510, T4510,
composition shall be made in accordance with suitable chemi- T6510, T73510, T76510, and T8510 Tempers
cal (Test Methods E 34), spectrochemical (Test Methods 12.3 Wall Thickness, Round Extruded Tube
12.5 Length, Round Extruded Tube
E 227, E 607, and E 1251), methods. Other methods may be 12.7 Straightness, Round Extruded Tube in Straight Lengths
used only when no published ASTM method is available. In 16.1 Outside Diameter, Pipe
case of dispute, the methods of analysis shall be agreed upon 16.2 Wall Thickness, Pipe
16.3 Weight, Pipe
between the producer and purchaser. 16.4 Length, Pipe
16.5 Straightness, Pipe
9. Tensile Properties
11.2 The maximum and minimum wall thicknesses, outside
9.1 Limits—The material shall conform to the tensile prop- diameters and nominal weights of standard sizes of pipe are
erty requirements specified in Table 2. shown in Table 3.
9.2 Number of Specimens:
9.2.1 For material having a nominal weight of less than 1 12. General Quality
lb/linear ft (1.7 kg/linear m) one tension test specimen shall be 12.1 The pipe or tube shall be supplied in the mill finish,
taken for each 1000 lb (454 kg) or fraction thereof in the lot. with plain ends, and shall be of uniform quality and temper,
9.2.2 For material having a nominal weight of 1 lb or sound and free from injurious defects. Discoloration that is
more/linear ft, one tension test specimen shall be taken for each characteristic of proper solution heat treatment shall not be
1000 ft (305 m) or fraction thereof in the lot. cause for rejection.
9.2.3 Other procedures for selecting samples may be em- 12.2 Each length of pipe and tube shall be examined to
ployed if agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser. determine conformance to this specification with respect to
9.3 Test Specimens—Geometry of test specimens and the general quality and identification marking. On approval of the
location in the product from which they are taken shall be as purchaser, however, the producer may use a system of statis-
specified in Test Methods B 557. tical quality control for such examinations.
9.4 Test Methods—The tension test shall be made in accor-
dance with Test Methods B 557. 13. Source Inspection
13.1 If the purchaser desires that his representative inspect
10. Heat Treatment or witness the inspection and testing of the material prior to
10.1 Except as noted in 10.2, producer or supplier heat shipment, such agreement shall be made by the purchaser and
treatment shall be in accordance with Practice B 918. producer as part of the purchase contract.
10.2 Alloys 6061 and 6063 may be solution heat treated and 13.2 When such inspection or witness of inspection and
quenched at the extrusion press in accordance with Practice testing is agreed upon, the producer shall afford the purchaser’s
B 807 for the production of T6 temper. representative all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the
material meets the requirements of this specification. Inspec-
11. Dimensional Tolerances tion and tests shall be conducted so there is no unnecessary
11.1 Variations from the specified dimensions for the type of interference with the producer’s operations.
material ordered shall not exceed the permissible variations
14. Retest and Rejection
prescribed in the following tables of ANSI H35.2:
14.1 If any material fails to conform to all of the applicable
requirements of this specification, it shall be cause for rejection
TABLE 2 Tensile Property LimitsA,B,C
of the inspection lot.
Elongation 14.2 When there is evidence that a failed specimen was not
Tensile Yield
in2 in. or
Alloy Specified Wall Strength, Strength, representative of the inspection lot and when no other sampling
4 3 Di-
Temper Thickness, in. min, ksi min, ksi
(MPa)° (MPa)D
ameter, plan is provided or approved by the purchaser through the
min, %E
contract or purchase order, at least two additional specimens
6061-T6
H up thru 0.249 38.0 (262)
0.250 and over 38.0 (262)
35.0 (241)
35.0 (241)
8
10
shall be selected to replace each test specimen that failed. All
specimens so selected for retest shall meet the requirements of

H up thru 0.124 30.0 (207) 25.0 (172) 8

the specification or the lot shall be subject to rejection.
6063-T6
0.125–1.000 30.0 (207) 25.0 (172) 10 14.3 Material in which defects are discovered subsequent to
inspection may be rejected.
A
To determine conformance to this specification, each value for tensile strength 14.4 If material is rejected by the purchaser, the producer or
and for yield strength shall be rounded-off to the nearest 0.1 ksi and each value for supplier is responsible only for replacement of material to the
elongation to the nearest 0.5 percent, both in accordance with the rounding-off
method of Practice E 29.
purchaser. As much as possible of the rejected material shall be
B
Specimens shall be tested parallel to the direction of working. returned to the producer or supplier.
C
The basis for establishment of mechanical property limits is shown in Annex
A1. 15. Certification
D
For explanation of the SI unit MPa, see Appendix X2.
E
Elongation of full-section and cut-out sheet-type specimens is measured in 2 15.1 The producer or supplier shall, on request, furnish to
in.; of cut-out round specimens, in 4 3 specimen diameter. the purchaser a certificate stating that each lot has been

3
 B 429 – 02
TABLE 3 Standard Structural Pipe Diameters, Wall Thicknesses, Weights
Nominal ANSI OD, in. ID, in. Wall Thickness, in. Weight,B lb/ft
Pipe Size, Schedule Nomi- Nomi- Nomi- Nomi-
in. No.A MinC MaxC Min MaxD Max
nal nal nal nal
⁄
12 40 0.840 0.809 0.855 0.622 0.109 0.095 ... 0.294 0.317

⁄
34 10 1.050 1.019 1.065 0.884 0.083 0.071 0.095 0.297 ...
40 1.050 1.019 1.065 0.824 0.113 0.099 ... 0.391 0.422

1 10 1.315 1.284 1.330 1.097 0.109 0.095 0.123 0.486 ...

40 1.315 1.284 1.330 1.049 0.133 0.116 ... 0.581 0.627

11⁄4 10 1.660 1.629 1.675 1.442 0.109 0.095 0.123 0.625 ...
40 1.660 1.629 1.675 1.380 0.140 0.122 ... 0.786 0.849

11⁄2 10 1.900 1.869 1.915 1.682 0.109 0.095 0.123 0.721 ...
40 1.900 1.869 1.915 1.610 0.145 0.127 ... 0.940 1.015

2 10 2.375 2.344 2.406 2.157 0.109 0.095 0.123 0.913 ...

40 2.375 2.351 2.399 2.067 0.154 0.135 ... 1.264 1.365

21⁄2 10 2.875 2.844 2.906 2.635 0.120 0.105 0.135 1.221 ...
40 2.875 2.846 2.904 2.469 0.203 0.178 ... 2.004 2.164

3 10 3.500 3.469 3.531 3.260 0.120 0.105 0.135 1.498 ...

40 3.500 3.465 3.535 3.068 0.216 0.189 ... 2.621 2.830

31⁄2 40 4.000 3.960 4.040 3.548 0.226 0.198 ... 3.151 3.403

4 40 4.500 4.455 4.545 4.026 0.237 0.207 ... 3.733 4.031

A
Schedule 40 is also designated as “standard pipe.’’
B
Based on a density of 0.098 lb/in.3, the density of 6061 alloy. For alloy 6063 multiply by 0.99.
C
For schedule 10, these values apply to mean outside diameter.
D
For schedule 40, maximum wall thickness is controlled by weight tolerance.

sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this speci- the producer or supplier’s discretion, provided that they are
fication, and has met the requirements. such as to ensure acceptance by common or other carriers for
safe transportation at the lowest rate to the delivery point.
16. Identification Marking of Product
17.2 Each shipping container shall be marked with the
16.1 When specified on the purchase order or contract, all purchase order number, material size, specification number,
pipe and tube shall be marked in accordance with Practice alloy and temper, gross and net weights, and the producer’s
B 666/B 666M. name or trademark.
16.2 The requirements specified in 16.1 are minimum;
17.3 When specified in the contract or purchase order,
marking systems that involve added information, larger char-
material shall be preserved, packaged, and packed in accor-
acters, and greater frequencies are acceptable under this
dance with the requirements of Practices B 660. The applicable
specification.
levels shall be as specified in the contract or order. Marking for
17. Packaging and Package Marking shipment of such material shall be in accordance with Fed. Std.
No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD-129 for military
17.1 The material shall be packaged to provide adequate
agencies.
protection during normal handling and transportation, and each
package shall contain only one size, alloy, and temper of
material unless otherwise agreed. The type of packaging and 18. Keywords
gross weight of containers shall, unless otherwise agreed, be at 18.1 aluminum alloy; extruded pipe; extruded tube

4
 B 429 – 02
ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. BASIS FOR INCLUSION OF PROPERTY LIMITS

A1.1 Limits are established at a level at which a statistical more than ten data from a given lot. All tests are performed in
evaluation of the data indicates that 99 % of the population accordance with the appropriate ASTM test methods. For
obtained from all standard material meets the limit with 95 % informational purposes, refer to “Statistical Aspects of Me-
confidence. For the products described, mechanical property chanical Property Assurance” in the Related Material section of
limits for the respective size ranges are based on the analyses the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02.
of at least 100 data from standard production material with no

A2. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION OF NEW ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM

ALLOYS IN THIS SPECIFICATION

A2.1 Prior to acceptance for inclusion in this specification, A2.2.5 For codification purposes, an alloying element is any
the composition of wrought or cast aluminum or aluminum element intentionally added for any purpose other than grain
alloy shall be registered in accordance with ANSI H35.1. The refinement and for which minimum and maximum limits are
Aluminum Association7 holds the Secretariat of ANSI H35 specified. Unalloyed aluminum contains a minimum of
Committee and administers the criteria and procedures for 99.00 % aluminum.
registration. A2.2.6 Standard limits for alloying elements and impurities
are expressed to the following decimal places:
A2.2 If it is documented that the Aluminum Association Less than 0.001 % 0.000X
could not or would not register a given composition, an 0.001 to but less than 0.01 % 0.00X
0.01 to but less than 0.10 %
alternative procedure and the criteria for acceptance shall be as Unalloyed aluminum made by a refining process 0.0XX
follows: Alloys and unalloyed aluminum not made by a refining process 0.0X
0.10 through 0.55 % 0.XX
A2.2.1 The designation submitted for inclusion does not (It is customary to express limits of 0.30 through 0.55 % as
utilize the same designation system as described in ANSI 0.X0 or 0.X5)
H35.1. A designation not in conflict with other designation Over 0.55 % 0.X, X.X, etc.
(except that combined Si + Fe limits for 99.00 % minimum
systems or a trade name is acceptable. aluminum must be expressed as 0.XX or 1.XX)
A2.2.2 The aluminum or aluminum alloy has been offered
for sale in commercial quantities within the prior twelve A2.2.7 Standard limits for alloying elements and impurities
months to at least three identifiable users. are expressed in the following sequence: Silicon; Iron; Copper;
A2.2.3 The complete chemical composition limits are sub- Manganese; Magnesium; Chromium; Nickel; Zinc (Note
mitted. A2.1); Titanium; Other Elements, Each; Other Elements, Total;
A2.2.4 The composition is, in the judgment of the respon- Aluminum (Note A2.2).
sible subcommittee, significantly different from that of any NOTE A2.1—Additional specified elements having limits are inserted in
other aluminum or aluminum alloy already in the specification. alphabetical order of their chemical symbols between zinc and titanium, or
are specified in footnotes.
NOTE A2.2—Aluminum is specified as minimum for unalloyed alumi-
num and as a remainder for aluminum alloys.
7
The Aluminum Association, 900 19th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006.

5
 B 429 – 02

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. STANDARD SIZES OF STRUCTURAL PIPE AND TUBE

X1.1 Standard sizes of aluminum-alloy structural pipe and

tube are given in Table X1.1 and Table X1.2.

TABLE X1.1 Standard Structural Pipe SizesA

Alloy & Temper
Pipe Size, in. Schedule No.
6061-T6 6063-T6
⁄
12 10 ... X

⁄
34 10 ... X
40 ... X

1 10 ... X
40 X X

11⁄4 10 X X
40 X X

11⁄2 10 X X
40 X X

2 10 X X
40 X X

21⁄2 10 X X
40 X X

3 10 X X
40 X X

31⁄2 40 X X

4 40 X X
A
Available size is indicated by “X.’’

6
 B 429 – 02
TABLE X1.2 Standard Structural Tube SizesA
Alloy and
Outside Wall Nominal Temper
Diameter, Thickness, Weight,
OD, in. in. lb/ft 6061- 6063-
T6 T6
1.500 0.125 0.631 X X
0.188 0.911 X X
0.250 1.150 X ...

2.000 0.125 0.866 X X

0.188 1.260 X X
0.250 1.620 X ...

2.500 0.125 1.100 X X

0.188 1.610 X X
0.250 2.080 X ...

3.000 0.125 1.330 X X

0.188 1.950 X X
0.250 2.540 X ...

3.500 0.125 1.560 X X

0.188 2.300 X X
0.250 3.000 X ...

4.000 0.125 1.790 X X

0.188 2.650 X X
0.250 3.460 X ...

4.500 0.125 2.020 X X

0.188 2.990 X X
0.250 3.390 X ...

5.000 0.125 2.250 X ...

0.188 3.340 X ...
0.250 4.390 X ...

5.500 0.188 3.690 X ...

0.250 4.850 X ...

6.000 0.188 4.040 X ...

A
Available size is indicated by “X.”

X2. METRIC EQUIVALENTS

X2.1 The SI unit for strength properties now shown is in derived SI unit for pressure or stress is the newton per square
accordance with the International System of Units (SI). The metre (N/m2), which has been named the pascal (Pa) by the
derived SI unit for force is the newton (N), which is defined as General Conference on Weights and Measures. Since 1
that force which when applied to a body having a mass of one ksi = 6 894 757 Pa the metric equivalents are expressed as
kilogram gives it an acceleration of 1 m/s2 (N = kg·m/s 2). The megapascal (MPa), which is the same as MN/m2 and N/mm2.

7
 B 429 – 02
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This section identifies the principal changes to this standard that have been incorporated since the last issue.

(1) Replaced Practice B 597 with Practice B 918 in 2.2 and (2) Added B 210 and B 241 to Referenced Documents.
10.1.

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of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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