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    Practical 10: To Estimate The Thrust Provided by A Stream of Air On Axial Flow Gas Turbine Objective

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Arslan Afzal
    The document describes an experiment to estimate the thrust provided by an axial flow gas turbine. Students measure the exhaust temperature, density, velocity, and mass flow rate of the turbine at different power levels. They then use equations relating these variables to calculate the theoretical thrust and compare it to the practical thrust measured by a load cell. The results show good agreement between the theoretical and practical thrust values, validating the thrust calculation method. Key variables like exhaust velocity and mass flow rate increase with higher turbine power levels, leading to greater thrust as predicted by the governing equations.

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    Practical 10: To Estimate The Thrust Provided by A Stream of Air On Axial Flow Gas Turbine Objective

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Arslan Afzal
    15 views6 pages
    The document describes an experiment to estimate the thrust provided by an axial flow gas turbine. Students measure the exhaust temperature, density, velocity, and mass flow rate of the turbine at different power levels. They then use equations relating these variables to calculate the theoretical thrust and compare it to the practical thrust measured by a load cell. The results show good agreement between the theoretical and practical thrust values, validating the thrust calculation method. Key variables like exhaust velocity and mass flow rate increase with higher turbine power levels, leading to greater thrust as predicted by the governing equations.

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    LAB REPoRT

    Original Title

    10

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    The document describes an experiment to estimate the thrust provided by an axial flow gas turbine. Students measure the exhaust temperature, density, velocity, and mass flow rate of the turbine at different power levels. They then use equations relating these variables to calculate the theoretical thrust and compare it to the practical thrust measured by a load cell. The results show good agreement between the theoretical and practical thrust values, validating the thrust calculation method. Key variables like exhaust velocity and mass flow rate increase with higher turbine power levels, leading to greater thrust as predicted by the governing equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views6 pages

    Practical 10: To Estimate The Thrust Provided by A Stream of Air On Axial Flow Gas Turbine Objective

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Arslan Afzal
    The document describes an experiment to estimate the thrust provided by an axial flow gas turbine. Students measure the exhaust temperature, density, velocity, and mass flow rate of the turbine at different power levels. They then use equations relating these variables to calculate the theoretical thrust and compare it to the practical thrust measured by a load cell. The results show good agreement between the theoretical and practical thrust values, validating the thrust calculation method. Key variables like exhaust velocity and mass flow rate increase with higher turbine power levels, leading to greater thrust as predicted by the governing equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Practical 10

    To estimate the thrust provided by a stream of air on axial flow gas turbine
    Objective:
     To estimate the thrust provided by the stream of air generated by the turbine.
     Computer Controlled Axial Flow Gas Turbine unit

    Activity Time Boxing


    Task Activity Name Activity Time
    No.
    Pre-Lab Activity (signed by the instructor)
    1 5 ~ 10 mins
    2 Lecture + Optional quiz 20 ~ 30 mins
    3 Performing Experiment 100 ~120 mins
    Results & Evaluation (signed by the
    4 10 ~ 20 mins
    instructor)
    Total Time: 180

    Theory:
    The TGFAC unit allows the demonstration of the Gas Turbine as jet engine.
    A stream of fluid generated in an element provides a force with same direction but opposite way.
    That force is given by the following equation: F= ṁa * Va
    Where F is the thrust, ma is the mass flow of the stream of fluid & Va is the fluid velocity

    The mass flow is given by ṁa = Va


    After substituting the values in first equation, we have:
    F= Va 2
    the density is: 1_________
    0.0028*Ta + 0.7703
    Ta is the temperature of the exhaust gases; ST-4 in (˚C)
    A is the discharge area of the turbine. It has circular shape and diameter of 50 mm, giving an area
    of 0.00196 m2.
    Figure 8-1: Axial Flow Gas Turbine
     Speed sensor to measure the turbine shaft rpm.
     Load cell to measure the turbine thrust: range 0-300 N.
     Flowmeter to measure the fuel consumption.
     Throttle: it is used to select the percentage of power for the turbine.

    Four pressure sensors:


    1) Pressure at the input.
    2) Pressure at the compressor.
    3) Pressure at the combustion chamber.
    4) Pitot tube pressures.
    Two flow sensors:
    1) Inlet air.
    2) Exhaust gases.
    Procedure:
    1. Start the SCADA TGFAC software.
    2. Run the software and configure the data saving (“SAVE DATA” button). Select a directory
    and a name for the data file and select a period of one datum per second.
    3. Once the data logging starts, the starting procedure takes place.
    4. When the turbine is started and it is under “RUNIDLE” state, increase the power step by
    step till reaching 100%. The turbine state will change to “RUNMAX”.
    5. Wait 10 seconds to the maximum power.
    6. Carry out power changes to get familiar with the operation of the turbine.
    7. Reduce power little by little till reaching the idle speed (20%).
    8. Wait 10 seconds.
    9. Stop the turbine and wait till it is cooled down.
    10. Once cold, stop the data collection by clicking on “STOP SAVING”.

    Observations:
    Exhaust Density Velocity of Mass Practical Theoretical
    Temperature Air Flow Rate Thrust Force Thrust Force
    Ser. Power
    (TA) ( ) (VA) (ṁa) (F) (F)
    1 51 750.9 0.348 161.8 0.110 10.33 17.79

    2 61 734.7 0.353 190.3 0.131 20.64 24.92

    3 70 739.1 0.352 226.4 0.156 34.62 35.31

    4 86 770.1 0.341 300.1 0.200 70.83 60.2

    Calculations:
    F = ma-----------(I)
    F = ṁ × VA
     VA = Velocity of Exhaust Gases
    Where,
    ṁ = ρ × A × VA  A = Area from whre Exhaust Gases are removed

    Also,
    1
    ρ= (0.0028)(TA )+ 0.7703  TA = Temperature of Exhaust Gases

    Area = A = 0.00196m2
    Put Values of ṁ, A, VA and ρ in equation (𝐈)
    So,
    𝐅 = 𝛒 × 𝐀 × 𝐕𝐀 𝟐 ------------(A)

    At 51%:
    1
    ρ= (0.0028)(750.9)+ 0.7703

    𝛒 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟖 𝐕𝐀 = 𝟏𝟔𝟏. 𝟖 𝐀 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟔


    F = ṁ × VA
    So,
    F = (0.110) × (161.8)

    𝐅 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟕𝟗
    At 61%:
    1
    ρ= (0.0028)(734.7)+ 0.7703

    𝛒 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟑 𝐕𝐀 = 𝟏𝟗𝟎. 𝟑 𝐀 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟔


    F = ṁ × VA
    So,
    F = (0.131) × (190.3)
    𝐅 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟐
    At 70%:
    1
    ρ= (0.0028)(739.1)+ 0.7703

    𝛒 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟐 𝐕𝐀 = 𝟐𝟐𝟔. 𝟒 𝐀 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟔


    F = ṁ × VA
    So,
    F = (0.156) × (226.4)
    𝐅 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟑𝟏

    At 86%:
    1
    ρ= (0.0028)(770.1)+ 0.7703

    𝛒 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟏 𝐕𝐀 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎. 𝟏 𝐀 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟔


    F = ṁ × VA
    So,
    F = (0.200) × (300.1)
    𝐅 = 𝟔𝟎. 𝟐

    Precautions:
     Don’t run the device if any warning is shown on the screen.
     Make sure there is nothing in direct or indirect contact with heated or rotary parts of the
    engine.
     Always use the specified oil (fuel) for function.
     Don’t put or something or block the air intake of turbine.
     Don’t touch hands with any part of the turbine during operation and just before the turbine
    stops, high temperature parts may burn the hands.
     Don’t pass too close (5m radius) at the exhaust side of the turbine, high temperature gases
    ranging from (400-800 C) are present during the operation.
     Always read the device manual before taking any action.
     Obey the lab instructor and follow the commands in order to perform a safe experiment.
    Analysis/Discussion:
    In this experiment we calculated the Thrust Force and compared the value of theoretical thrust
    with practical thrust. After comparing both values there was a small difference which shows that
    error is minimum in our calculations.

    F = ṁ × VA
    The above relation shows that Force is directly proportional to velocity of exhaust gases and with
    mass flow rate.
    So, we calculated the value of velocity of the exhaust gases with the help of sensors and then we
    have recorded the value of the area of the exit of the turbine from where we have calculated the
    mass flow rate which is then multiplied with the velocity to get the final thrust produced by the
    gas turbine. We have compared the value of the thrust provided by the force sensor with the
    theoretical value of force which we have calculated using the above formula.
    The value of mass flow rate can be calculated using the given formula:

    ṁ = ρ × A × VA
    Mass flow rate depends upon density of exhaust gases and higher the value of density greater
    would be the mass flow rate.

    Comments:
    Thrust is a mechanical power which is produced through the response of speeding up a mass of
    gas, as made sense of by Newton's third law of motion. A gas or working liquid is advanced to the
    back and the pivotal stream gas turbine and in the event that airplane is connected to that turbine
    it speeds up it the other way. To speed up the gas, we really want an impetus arrangement of some
    sort. A drive framework is a machine that produces push to push an item forward. A gas, or
    working liquid, is advanced rapidly by the motor, and the response to this speed increase delivers
    a power on the motor. Push produced relies upon the mass move through the motor and the exit
    velocity of gas.
    The theoretical and calculated values are almost identical and small error occurs due to human
    error. We are now able to calculate the Thrust generated by the axial air flow gas turbine engine.
    Hence we have achieved our desired task.

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