Science 5 Quarter 1 Module 3 Week 3

Department of Education
National Capital Region

Schools Division of Parañaque City
Self-Learning Module
SCIENCE V QUARTER 1 MODULE 3
Brief Introduction
Matter around us changes in many ways. Some of the changes happen very fast like
breaking of glass which changes its shape and size. While other changes take time to happen like the
ripening of fruits or rusting of iron nails. Changes in matter are classified as physical or chemical
change.
Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)

Investigate changes that happen in materials under the following conditions:
1. presence or lack of oxygen
2. application of heat(S5MT-Ic-d-2)
Objectives
Describe physical and chemical change operationally
Identify the characteristics of physical and chemical change
Differentiate physical change from chemical change
Investigate changes that happen in the presence and absence of oxygen
Let’s Recall (Review)

Directions: Identify the property of each given material. Encircle the
correct answer from the words inside the parenthesis.
1. blanket (thermal conductor, transparent, absorbent)
2. detergent powder (soluble, heat insulator, absorbent)
3. silver (biodegradable, flammable, malleable)
4. gasoline (flammable, conductor, biodegradable)
5. insecticide (toxic, corrosive, reactive)
Let’s Understand
V
Matter is constantly experiencing changes. It may change in size, shape, or state
without changing the identity of the materials. It may be a change in its composition
resulting in the production of new substances. Physical changes occur when matter
changes its properties like texture, shape and size, color, without changing the chemical
composition of the materials.
The rubber band changed in size and in shape when it was stretched. Once
the force exerted upon it was released, the rubber band returned to its original size and
shape.
rubber band changes its size and shape when stretched
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In the same manner, the cutting of paper has changed its shape and size. The identity of
the paper remains the same after it changed its size and shape.
Chemical change differs from physical change. In chemical change, new and different
materials are formed. The new materials formed have different properties from the original
materials. For example, when you burn logs, ashes are produced. The logs react with the
heat and oxygen causing it to burn and produce ashes. Ashes have different materials from
logs. Water and carbon dioxide were released during the chemical change. As a result, the
composition of the original material changed. The product (ash) can no longer return to its
original form (logs).
Burning of logs turns it into ashes. Ash is a new substance

formed from burning.
The following are characteristics observed when a physical change is happening:

• During a physical change only the physical properties (such as size, shape,
color, andstate) changes.
Composition of rock particles remains the same.
• During a physical change no new substance is formed.

When you place an ice cream on a table, you will observe shortly that it is starting to
melt. Melting process does not change the composition of the ice cream. It changed its state
or form, but the composition of ice is still water.
The same composition even they change in state.
• It is a reversible change. Substance can return to its original form.

The following are characteristics observed when chemical change is happening.
During chemical change there is a change in appearance and composition of the
substance. A new material is formed.
Iron is a very hard material. When iron combines with oxygen and moisture in the
air, rust is formed. Rust is soft and powdery. When a material undergoes a chemical
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change, the new material formed cannot be brought back to its original form.
Iron materials develop rust due to oxygen exposure.
Release of heat and light

An example of this is burning of wood. As it burns, it releases heat, light, and
carbondioxide.
Changes in color
A continuous change in color is a sign that a chemical change happened.
Example is rusting of iron. From the grey color of iron, slowly changes its color to reddish
brown.
A Marked Odor
Another sign that a material undergoes a chemical change is the release of odor
different from its original smell. The rotten meat starts to release a terrible smell as it
starts to spoil.
Formation of bubbles
Another obvious sign that a chemical reaction occurs is the release of bubbles. When
you mix vinegar with baking soda, bubbles of carbon dioxide will be formed.
baking soda with vinegar releases bubbles of carbon dioxide
The presence of oxygen has various effects on matter. Oxygen in the air is a very reactive
chemical and is important in many chemical reactions such as combustion, rusting and the reactions by
which we get energy from the food we eat. Combustion is the process of burning in the presence of
oxygen, giving off heat and light. For fire to occur, there should be heat, fuel and oxygen.
Oxygen, heat, and fuel are needed to produce fire.
Another example affected by the presence of oxygen are fruits. Some fruits like apple, turnips,
mango, etc. and some root crops like sweet potato, carrots etc. have enzymes which when combined
with oxygen give its brown color, a sign of spoilage.
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The browning of fleshy part of an apple is due to exposure to oxygen.
Let’s Apply
A. Directions: Write PC for physical change and CC for chemical change. Write
your answer on the space provided.
1. mixing sugar and water
2. souring of milk
3. baking soda reacting with vinegar and form gas
4. baking a cake
______5. peeling a potato
B. Directions: Identify whether the change is physical or chemical. Put a check

mark on the appropriate column.
Changes Observed Physical Chemical
Change Change
1. change in taste, color, and odor
2. formation of new material

3. the change is reversible
4. chemical composition remains the same
5. change in state
Let’s Analyze
A. Direction: Complete the table below by writing the possible changes that may
happen to a material in the presence of oxygen.
Materials Possible changes that may happen to a material in the presence
of oxygen.
Ex. iron nails Ex. iron nails develop rust
1. iron roof
2. sliced apple
3. peeled potato
B. Direction: Complete the table below by writing the possible changes that may
happen to a material in the absence of oxygen.
Materials Possible changes that may happen to a
material in the presence of oxygen.
1. lighted candle covered with glass
2. cut potato place in a zip lock
3. painted iron gate
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Let’s Try (Evaluation)
Directions: Read and answer each question carefully. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.
1. When does iron most likely to develop rust on it?

A. when it is wet
B. when it is dry
C. when it is painted
D. when it is covered with grease.
2. When do we say that a substance undergoes chemical change?
A. When the taste of the substance is changed.
B. When the appearance of the substance is changed.
C. When a new substance is formed as a result of the change.
D. When the form, size and shape of a substance are changed.
3. Rice when cooked undergo a chemical change. What causes this change?
A. cooling C. heating
B. freezing D. melting
4. Which of the following is NOT an example of physical change?
A. burned leaves C. cut down trees
B. cracked grounds D. pounded rocks
5. What are needed for combustion to happen?
I. fuel II. oxygen III. heat IV. water
A. I, II B. II, III C. I, II, III D. I, II IV
6. Which is NOT an evidence of chemical change?
A. presence of precipitation C. production of new substance
B. release of gas and smoke D. change in size and shape.
7. How can rusting of iron materials like kitchen utensils, tools, and window frame be avoided?
I. by applying paints to the window frames
II. by applying some grease on the iron materials like tools
III. by keeping your kitchen utensils in a closed container
IV. by keeping the iron materials in a damp place
A. I only B. I, II and III C. II and III D. I, II, III and IV
8. Mary had a birthday party in their house. Her mother prepared a lot of food but she
noticed some bubbles appeared on the food. Infer what happened to the food?
A. there was spoilage in the food
B. there was an increase in the volume of the food
C. there was microorganism observed on the food
D. there were no changes in the odor and taste of the food
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9. Which of the following shows chemical change?
A. ground pepper C. chopped wood/log
B. sliced banana D. rusted roof
10. Which is an example of a physical change?
A. baking cake C. burning rubber
B. chopping wood/log D. decomposing garbage
Let’s Create
Directions: Complete the table below by giving five beneficial effects of Physical
and Chemical Change. (10 points).
Beneficial Effect of Physical Change Beneficial Effect of Chemical Change

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

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Department of Education

National Capital Region

Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)

Let’s Recall (Review)

rubber band changes its size and shape when stretched

Burning of logs turns it into ashes. Ash is a new substance

The following are characteristics observed when a physical change is happening:

Composition of rock particles remains the same.

• During a physical change no new substance is formed.

The same composition even they change in state.

• It is a reversible change. Substance can return to its original form.

Iron materials develop rust due to oxygen exposure.

Release of heat and light

baking soda with vinegar releases bubbles of carbon dioxide

Oxygen, heat, and fuel are needed to produce fire.

B. Directions: Identify whether the change is physical or chemical. Put a check

2. formation of new material

1. When does iron most likely to develop rust on it?

Beneficial Effect of Physical Change Beneficial Effect of Chemical Change

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