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INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

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In our daily life, we come across numerous accidents in our roads which results in countless casualties and even death of many. We live in a nation where road accident has been turned to be an obligation in the day-to-day traffic life. Human factors in vehicle collisions include all factors related to drivers and other road users that may contribute to a collision. Examples include driver behavior, visual and auditory acuity, decision-making ability, and reaction speed. But in many of these cases, the soul reason for the accident to take place continues to be a mystery, or the reason behind the accident may be interpreted and concluded wrongly. It would be a remarkable achievement in this field, if we could find an alternative, to get to the actual soul reasons for the cause of an accident rather than by attempting to come into a conclusion from on field tests and studying, which may result in a waste of lots of time, and might end up in giving insufficient or no result at all. As already mentioned, the alarming rate of the road accidents all over the world is a serious cause of worry. This reasoning which helps us to learn about the actual causes of accidents could help us to decrease it marginally. These causes could be studied and analyzed and then finally needed steps could be undertaken, so as to decrease or even eliminate the chances of them to occur again, like by enforcing new traffic rules, by adding additional safety measures to the vehicles etc. In this venture of ours, THE BLACK BOX we implement different units to facilitate this procedure of reasoning a cause of traffic accidents, like sensors to check different parameters such as speed of the vehicle, alcohol consumption of the driver and the temperature of the engine. What we aim to implement here is designing of a device which keeps track of the conditions of the vehicle. LEARNING ABOUT THE CAUSE OF AN ACCIDENT MAY NOT BRING BACK THE PRECIOUS LIVES OF THE PEOPLE WHOM WE LOST, BUT IT COULD AID US IN SAVING LIVES OF MANY MORE PEOPLE.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

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The soul objective of our project could be summarised as an effort to create an automobile black box which aims at recording the activities of the automobile thus aiding in creation of an easier mechanism to find the actual cause of accidents. It could be a remarkable step in the field of traffic engineering as it could help in knowing the causes of an accident and thus aid in largely decreasing the same. The components of an automobile black box could be short listed as a PIC microcontroller, a collision sensor, a temperature sensor, a speed sensor and finally a LCD display. PIC is a 16-bit microcontroller that controls and interfaces all the devices required for its working; a collision sensor is a switch which senses the occurrence of a collision to the vehicle; temperature sensor is an IC-LM 35 to sense the temperature of the engine; speed sensor may aid to govern the speed of the vehicle; alcohol sensor inquires the presence of alcohol consumption of the driver using and the LCD screen displays the required result on its screen. We pre program the PIC microcontroller [16F877A] using Embedded C. This venture could be of great help in this field as it could lead and help to decrease the possibility of occurring accidents thus making its application sound in every corner of this world. This could be easily incorporated and made to work with comparatively less cost and could be easily improvised with additional features without much effort.

1.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Temperature sensor

LCD Display

Speed sensor

Microcontroller

Alcohol sensor
Alcohol Amplifier sensor

Fig (1) : Block diagram of Black Box

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SYSTEM DESIGN

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:

TEMPERATURE SENSOR:

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The temperature sensor senses the temperature of the vehicle while it is in motion. The temperature sensor used here is LM35. The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of 14C at room temperature and 34C over a full 55 to +150C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. The LM35 is rated to operate over a 55 to +150C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a 40 to +110C range (10 with improved accuracy).

Features

Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade) Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor 0.5C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25C) Rated for full 55 to +150C range Suitable for remote applications Low cost due to wafer-level trimming Operates from 4 to 30 volts Less than 60 A current drain Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air Nonlinearity only 14C typical Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load

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ALCOHOL SENSOR: The alcohol sensor senses whether the driver has consumed alcohol or not. The sensor used here is MQ3. This alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol concentration on your breath, just like the common breathalyzer. It has high sensitivity to alcohol and fast response time. Sensor provides an analog resistive output based on alcohol concentration. The drive circuit is very simple; all it needs is one resistor. A simple interface could be a 0-3.3V ADC.

Features:

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Requires heater voltage Operation Temperature: -10 to 70 degrees C Heater consumption: less than 750mW

Dimensions:

16.8mm diameter 9.3 mm height without the pins

SPEED SENSOR The speed sensor determines the speed of the vehicle. The speed at the instant when the collision took place is displayed on the LCD display. The speed sensor consists of a propeller fan and a dc generator. LCD DISPLAY The LCD display displays the values of the speed and temperature when a collision is sensed. It also displays whether the driver has consumed alcohol and the levels of consumption like Low, Medium and High. The LCD display used here is 16X2 LCD display. This is a high quality 16 character by 2 line intelligent display module, with back lighting, Works with almost any microcontroller.

Features

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16 Characters x 2 Lines 5x7 Dot Matrix Character + Cursor HD44780 Equivalent LCD Controller/driver Built-In 4-bit or 8-bit MPU Interface Standard Type Works with almost any Microcontroller Great Value Pricing

The pin outs are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Ground VCC (+3.3 to +5V) Contrast adjustment (VO) Register Select (RS). RS=0: Command, RS=1: Data Read/Write (R/W). R/W=0: Write, R/W=1: Read Clock (Enable). Falling edge triggered Bit 0 (Not used in 4-bit operation) Bit 1 (Not used in 4-bit operation) Bit 2 (Not used in 4-bit operation) Bit 3 (Not used in 4-bit operation) Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Backlight Anode (+) Backlight Cathode (-)

2.2 WORKING

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The black box consists of the temperature, speed and alcohol sensors, a microcontroller and an LCD display. Here PIC16F877A microcontroller controls the entire operation of this system. PIC is Peripheral Interface Controller, which is a 40 pin DIP IC. It works at a voltage of 4.5-5V. The clock required is applied to pins 13 and 14 using crystal oscillator. It has 5 ports, namely A, B, C, D and E where A is 16 bit, E is 3bits and ports B through D are of 8bits each. The collision of the vehicle is sensed using a collision sensor. A switch is used to detect collision. A sensor is placed each on the front and rear part of the vehicle. One terminal of the switch is connected to the Vcc and the other is connected to the A2 pin of the PIC. Normally, the voltage on the A2 pin is low. When a collision takes place, the two terminals of the switch get shorted and the voltage Vcc appears on the output pin of the PIC. Thus, a collision is sensed. The speed sensor determines the speed of the vehicle and stores the value in the memory of the microcontroller when a collision takes place. The main component of the speed sensor is a DC generator which is connected to the propeller of the engine of the vehicle. When the vehicle moves, the propeller rotates. As a result, a DC voltage is developed in the generator. As the speed of the vehicle changes, the speed of the rotation of the generator changes linearly, thereby changing the dc voltage developed across it. This DC voltage, which is analog in nature, is applied to the ADC pin of the PIC. Thus, we get a digital value corresponding to the speed of the vehicle. This value of speed is displayed on an LCD display when a collision is sensed. The alcohol sensor is used to detect whether the driver has consumed alcohol or not. The sensor used here is MQ3 Gas Sensor. A coil and a gas sensor are present in the sensor. The alcohol sensing element works only when the coil is heated. This sensor has 6 terminals, namely A, B and H, two each. The A and B terminals are interchangeable. Either of the A or B terminals are shorted together and connected to Vcc. One of the H terminals is also connected to the Vcc and the other is grounded. The output appears across the other shorted terminal and the ground. This terminal is

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connected to the ADC pin of the PIC through a load resistor. A DC voltage proportional to the alcohol content is developed at the output of the sensor. This analog output is converted to digital form by connecting it to the ADC pins of the PIC. The PIC is programmed so that it displays messages on the LCD according to the amount of consumption. The temperature sensor determines the temperature of the vehicle. The IC LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensor is used to sense the temperature. Temperatures ranging from 0C to 100C can be measured using this sensor. Its precision is 1. The Vcc terminal is connected to +5V. The output pin is connected to the Ao pin of the PIC. When the temperature of the vehicle increases, the voltage developed at the output also increases. The PIC is programmed assuming that for every change of 0.01V, a change of 1C occurs. Thus a value corresponding to the temperature is obtained at the output of the PIC. This value is displayed on an LCD when a collision is detected.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & DESCRIPTION

3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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Fig (2): Circuit Diagram

3.3 PCB LAYOUT

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Fig (3): PCB Layout of Circuit diagram (Bottom layer)

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Fig(4): PCB Layout of Circuit diagram (Top layer)

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THEORY OF PROJECT

4.1 THEORY OF PROJECT

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PIC is a family of Harvard Architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division. The name PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface Controller. The PIC used in this project is PIC 16F877A. It is one of the most advanced microcontroller from Microchip. This controller is widely used for experimental and modern applications because of its low price, wide range of applications, high quality, and ease of availability. It is ideal for applications such as machine control applications, measurement devices, study purpose, and so on. The PIC 16F877 features all the components which modern microcontrollers normally have. The figure of a PIC16F877 chip is shown below.

Fig: PIC16F877A Features of PIC16F877A The PIC16FXX series has more advanced and developed features when compared to its previous series. The important features of PIC16F877 series is given below. General Features High performance RISC CPU. ONLY 35 simple word instructions. All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two cycles. Operating speed: clock input (200MHz), instruction cycle (200nS). Up to 3688bit of RAM (data memory), 2568 of EEPROM (data memory), and 8k14 of flash memory. Pin out compatible to PIC 16C74B, PIC 16C76, PIC 16C77

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Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources). Different types of addressing modes (direct, Indirect, relative addressing modes). Power on Reset (POR). Power-Up Timer (PWRT) and oscillator start-up timer. Low power- high speed CMOS flash/EEPROM. Fully static design. Wide operating voltage range (2.0 5.56)volts. High sink/source current (25mA). Commercial, industrial and extended temperature ranges. Low power consumption

Peripheral Features Timer 0: 8 bit timer/counter with pre-scalar. Timer 1:16 bit timer/counter with pre-scalar. Timer 2: 8 bit timer/counter with 8 bit period registers with pre-scalar and post-scalar. Two Capture (16bit/12.5nS), Compare (16 bit/200nS), Pulse Width Modules (10bit). 10bit multi-channel A/D converter Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI (master code) and IC (master/slave). Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) with 9 bit address detection. Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 8 bit wide with external RD, WR and CS controls (40/46pin). Brown Out circuitry for Brown-Out Reset (BOR).

Key Features Maximum operating frequency is 20MHz.

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Flash program memory (14 bit words), 8KB. Data memory (bytes) is 368. EEPROM data memory (bytes) is 256. 5 input/output ports. 3 timers. 2 serial communication ports (MSSP, USART). PSP parallel communication port 10bit A/D module (8 channels)

Analog Features 10bit, up to 8 channel A/D converter. Brown Out Reset function. Analog comparator module.

Special Features 100000 times erase/write cycle enhanced memory. 1000000 times erase/write cycle data EEPROM memory. Self programmable under software control. In-circuit serial programming and in-circuit debugging capability. Single 5V,DC supply for circuit serial programming WDT with its own RC oscillator for reliable operation. Programmable code protection. Power saving sleep modes. Selectable oscillator options.

PIN OUT DIAGRAM OF PIC 16F877

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PIC16F877 chip is available in different types of packages. According to the type of applications and usage, these packages are differentiated. The pin diagram of a PIC16F877 chip in different packages is shown in the figure below

Fig(5): Pin Diagrams of 16F877A PIC

Input/output ports PIC16F877A has 5 basic input/output ports. They are usually denoted by PORT A (RA), PORT B (RB), PORT C (RC), PORT D (RD), and PORT E (RE). These ports are used for input/ output interfacing. In this controller, PORT A is only 6 bits wide (RA-0 to RA-7), PORT B , PORT C,PORT D are only 8 bits wide (RB-0 to RB-7,RC-0 to RC-7,RD-0 to RD-7), PORT E has only 3 bit wide (RE-0 to RE-7). PORT-A PORT-B PORT-C RA-0 to RA-5 RB-0 to RB-7 RC-0 to RC-7 6 bit wide 8 bit wide 8 bit wide

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PORT-D PORT-E

RD-0 to RD-7 RE-0 to RE-2

8 bit wide 3 bit wide

All these ports are bi-directional. The direction of the port is controlled by using TRIS(X) registers (TRIS A used to set the direction of PORT-A, TRIS B used to set the direction for PORT-B, etc.). Setting a TRIS(X) bit 1 will set the corresponding PORT(X) bit as input. Clearing a TRIS(X) bit 0 will set the corresponding PORT(X) bit as output.

PORTA and the TRISA Register PORTA is a 6-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISA. Setting a TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the port latch. All write operations are read-modify-write operations. Therefore, a write to a port implies that the port pins are read, the v the port data latch. Pin RA4 is multiplexed with the Timer0 module clock input to become the RA4/T0CKI pin. The RA4/T0CKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input and an open-drain output.

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Fig1.4 : Block diagram of RA3:RA0 PINS

PORTB and the TRISB Register PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISB. Setting a TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).Three pins of PORTB are multiplexed with the In-Circuit Debugger and Low-Voltage Programming function: RB3/PGM, RB6/PGC and RB7/PGD. Each of the PORTB pins has a weak internal pull-up. A

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single control bit can tu(OPTION_REG<7>). The weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port pin is configured as an output.

Fig1.5: Block diagram RB3:RB0 pins

PORTC and the TRISC Register PORTC is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISC. Setting a TRISC bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTC pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISC bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTC pin an output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).PORTC is multiplexed with several peripheral functions When enabling peripheral functions, care should be taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin. Some peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an output, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an input.

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Fig 1.6: Block diagram of PORT C PORT D and TRISD Registers PORTD is an 8-bit port with Schmitt Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually configurable as an input or output. PORTD can be configured as an 8-bit wide microprocessor port (Parallel Slave Port) by setting control bit, PSPMODE (TRISE<4>). In this mode, the input buffers are TTL.

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Fig1.7: Block diagram of PORT D

PORTE and TRISE Register PORTE has three pins (RE0/RD/AN5, RE1/WR/AN6 and RE2/CS/AN7) which are individually configurable as inputs or outputs. These pins have Schmitt Trigger input buffers. The PORTE pins become the I/O control inputs for the microprocessor port when bit PSPMODE (TRISE<4>) is set. In this mode, the user must make certain that the TRISE<2:0> bits are set and that the pins are configured as digital inputs. Also, ensure that ADCON1 is configured for digital I/O. In this mode, the input buffers are TTL.

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Fig1.8: Block diagram of PORT E

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4.2PCB FABRICATION DETAILS

The PCB must be fabricated first. Then the components are soldered carefully to PCB. We should keep in mind that the quality of soldering affects the quantity of output. The procedure for fabricating the PCB for setting up the circuit of any multipurpose project is described below. PCB MAKING Making of the PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD is as much as art on a technique particularly when they are fabricated in very small numbers. There are several ways of drawing PCB patterns and making the final boards. The making of PCB patterns and the PCB involves two steps: 1. 2. Preparing the PCB drawing Fabricating the PCB itself from the drawing.

The traditional method of drawing the PCB with complete placements of parts, taking a photographic negative of the drawing, developing the image of negative formed on photo sensitized copper plate and dissolving the excess copper by etching is a standard practice being followed in large scale operations. However, for small scale operations, the cost saving procedure adopted here may be adopted. PCB DRAWING Making of PCB drawing involves some preliminary considerations such as placement of components on a piece of paper. Locating holes, deciding the diameter of various holes, the optimum area of each component should occupy the shape and location lands for connecting two or more components at a particular place. There is no other way to arrive at a conclusion than by trial and error. For anchoring leads of component 1mm diameter holes and for fixing PCB holding screws to the 3mm diameter holes can be made. Thus a sketch of the PCB is made.

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FABRICATION: The copper clad PCB is now prepared by rubbing away the oxide, grease, etc. With fine emery paper or sand paper on this, the final PCB drawing may be traced by using a carbon paper. Clips are used to prevent the carbon paper from slipping while PCB pattern is being traced on the laminate. Only the connecting lines in PCBs, slants and holes should be traced. The component position can be marked on the PCB reverse side if desired. The marked holes in PCB may be drilled using 1mm or 3mm drill bits and the traced PCB pattern created with black, quick drying enamel paint, using a thin brush or a small metal case. In case of any shorting of lines due to spilling of paint, they may be removed by scraping with blade or knife after the paint has dried. After drying, 20-30 gms of ferric chloride in 75 ml of water may be heated to about 60 degrees and over the PCB placed with its copper side upwards in a plastic tray. Stirring the solution helps speedy etching. The dissolution of unwanted copper would take about 45 minutes. If etching takes longer, the solution may be heated again and the process is repeated. The paint on the pattern can be removed by rubbing with a rag soaked in a thinner, turpentine or acetone. The PCB may then be washed and dried. Depending on the wiring diagram, the resistors are taken care at first, and then the ICs are soldered.

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SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

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5.1 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

MPLAB IDE is a Windows Operating System (OS) software program that runs on a PC to develop applications for Microchip microcontrollers and digital signal controllers. It is called an Integrated Development Environment, or IDE, because it provides a single integrated "environment" to develop code for embedded microcontrollers. Experienced embedded systems designers may want to skip ahead to Components of MPLAB IDE. It is also recommended that MPLAB IDE On-line Help and MPLAB IDE Updates and Version Numbering be reviewed. The rest of this chapter briefly explains embedded systems development and how MPLAB IDE is used. DEVICE PROGRAMMING After the application has been debugged and is running in the development environment, it needs to be tested on its own. A device can be programmed with the in-circuit debugger or a device programmer. MPLAB IDE can be set to the programmer function, and the part can be "burned". The target application can now be observed in its nearly final state. Engineering prototype programmers allow quick prototypes to be made and evaluated. Some applications can be programmed after the device is soldered on the target PC board. Using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) capability, the firmware can be programmed into the application at the time of manufacture, allowing updated revisions to be programmed into an embedded application later in its life cycle. Devices that support in-circuit debugging can even be plugged back into the MPLAB ICD 2 after manufacturing for quality tests and development of next generation firmware. CCS SOFTWARE: CCS provides a complete, integrated tool suite for developing and debugging embedded applications running on Microchip PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs. This suite includes an IDE for project management, a context sensitive C aware editor, build

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tools and real time debugger helping developers create, analyze, debug and document project code.

The heart of this development tool suite is the CCS intelligent code optimizing C compiler, which frees developers to concentrate on design functionality instead of having to become an MCU architecture expert.

Maximize code reuse by easily porting from one MCU to another. Minimize lines of new code with CCS provided peripheral drivers, built-in functions and standard C operators. Built in libraries are specific to PIC MCU registers, allowing access to hardware features directly from C.

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5.2 FLOW CHART

Fig (6): Flow chart

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ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

6.1 ADVANTAGES

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This technology in cars helps to determine what happened in the critical moments before a crash.

They are particularly valuable when no witnesses are present at the scene of the accident and when each driver has his/her own version of the events.

Also enables to keep a running record of how a car is being operated, including speed, acceleration, breaking, temperature and consumption of alcohol.

Good tool to monitor and control the driving style. This new technology could be of interest for insurance companies, because it provides them with all necessary information about the driving styles of their customers.

The black box for the car would be of special interest for car rental companies. When a car is returned back to the rental company, any disputes about vehicle damage can be easily resolved by looking at the data from the black box.

6.2 LIMITATIONS

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The speed cannot be increased beyond a certain limit since it is demonstrated using a toy car.

This project does not record when and where the collision has taken place. The data can be stored only till such time that the life of the battery exists. The data can be retrieved easily if we store it in an external memory. But the use of an external memory may increase the cost of production.

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FUTURE EXPANSION OF THE PROJECT

7.1 FUTURE EXPANSION OF THE PROJECT

Collision sensors can be replaced by pressure sensors. Voice recorders can be appended to the Black Box.

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With a car black box that includes a video camera, there will be no longer your word against the police officers.

A circuit can be implemented in which, if the driver has consumed alcohol beyond a certain quantity, the engine will go off.

The temperature of the engine is measured by a sensor installed inside the engine. If overheating occurs, the engine can be cooled by the use of a fan.

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CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

We have succeeded to implement our venture AUTOMOBILE BLACK BOX , which could be seen and justified by the result of our works. It completely compromises its design specifications that were required during the designing phase and has been confirmed about its correctness. AUTOMOBILE BLACK BOX was intended to detect

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alcohol consumption, over speeding, occurrence of collision, over heating of the engine and then displaying the same which have been verified to fulfill the inception properly. This endeavor of ours has been implemented and demonstrated which has justified its working.

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE Fig (1): Block diagram of Black Box Fig (2): Circuit Diagram Fig (3): PCB Layout of Circuit diagram (Bottom layer) PAGE NO 8 16 17

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Fig (4): PCB layer of Circuit Diagram (Top layer) Fig (5): Pin diagram of 16F877A Fig (6): Flowchart

18 23 30

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.ccsinfo.com www.mathworks.com/products/mplab/ www.electronics-lab.com

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APPENDIX

APPENDIX A-COMPONENT PRICE LIST NAME OF COMPONENT ALCOHOL SENSOR PIC (16F877A) LCD VOLTAGE REGULATOR 7805 TEMPERATURE SENSOR DC MOTOR NUMBER USED 1 1 1 1 1 1 PRIZE OF COMPONENT(Rs.) 450 130 120 10 35 60

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FAN CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR ADAPTER RESISTORS CAPACITOR IC BASE(40 PIN) BUG STRIP POT RMC CONNECTOR LED

1 1 1 6 6 1 1 1 4 1

600 10 120 3 3 5 3 5 20 2

TOTAL PRIZE FOR THE CIRCUIT COMPONENTS: Rs 1555 APPENDIX B-PROGRAMS #include "C:\Documents and Settings\Admin\Desktop\soldout88\BLACKBOX\BLACKBOX.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <lcd.c> void main() { float w=2.55,value1,value2,value3; lcd_init(); setup_adc_ports(AN0_AN1_AN3); setup_adc(ADC_CLOCK_INTERNAL); setup_psp(PSP_DISABLED); setup_spi(FALSE);

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setup_timer_0(RTCC_INTERNAL|RTCC_DIV_1); setup_timer_1(T1_DISABLED); setup_timer_2(T2_DISABLED,0,1); setup_comparator(NC_NC_NC_NC); setup_vref(FALSE); while(1) { set_adc_channel(0); delay_us(10); value1=read_adc(); value1=value1/w; value1=(value1/19.6)*100; set_adc_channel(1);//alcohol delay_us(10); value2=read_adc(); set_adc_channel(3); delay_us(10); value3=read_adc();//speed if(input(pin_B7)) { if((value2<42))

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{ printf(lcd_putc," alcohol=0"); printf(lcd_putc,"%c",37); } if((value2>46)&&(value2<=70)) { printf(lcd_putc," alcohol=50"); printf(lcd_putc,"%c",37); } if((value2>=70)&&(value2<=102)) { printf(lcd_putc," alcohol=80"); printf(lcd_putc,"%c",37); } if((value2>102)) { printf(lcd_putc," alcohol=100"); printf(lcd_putc,"%c",37); } if((value3>=10)&&(value3<=51)) {

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delay_ms(2000); lcd_putc('\f'); printf(lcd_putc," speed=10km\hr"); } if((value3>=52)&&(value3<=100)) { delay_ms(2000); lcd_putc('\f'); printf(lcd_putc," speed=20km\hr"); } if((value3>=101)&&(value3<=152)||(value3>152)) { delay_ms(2000); lcd_putc('\f'); printf(lcd_putc," speed=30km\hr"); } delay_ms(2000); lcd_putc('\f'); printf(lcd_putc," Temp=%f degree",value1);//temp delay_ms(2000); lcd_putc('\f');

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} }}

APPENDIX C-DATA SHEETS

Dept. of ECE

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Dept. of ECE

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PIC16F877

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