IN TURBULENT SEAS SUMMARY

1. This term refers to the extraction of wild living resources in coastal and open seas in the
service of human needs or markets.
a. Marine Fisheries

2. This includes numerous fishes as well as invertebrates such as crustaceans, mollusks and
sea cucumbers.
a. Marine fisheries resources

3. The Philippines, marine fisheries is composed of two distinct sectors, these are:
a. Municipal and Commercial sectors

4. Small scale sector is also called

a. Artisanal/municipal sector

5. Fishing restricted to areas outside municipal waters or waters beyond 15 km from the
shoreline.
a. Commercial Fishing

6. He traces the development of Philippine marine resources research from the Spanish
period to the mid- 1980's to provide a historical perspective to the volume.
a. Daniel Pauly

7. Albert W. Herre, in his check list of Philippine fish’s records no less than ____ fish
species grouped in ___ families and ____ genera.
a. 2,277, 205, 715 respectively

8. It is a technique uses in the estimation of the potential yield of the Philippine Marine
fisheries.
a. Delphi method
9. In 1994, total marine fisheries catch was 1.67 million t or ___ of the total fisheries
production.
a. 62%

10. Fish consumption in our country in 1994 is high at about __________________.

a. 28.5 kg/capita/year

11. Philippines is located between ___ and ___ N latitude.

a. 4°05' and 21°30'

12. The shelf area, down to 200 m covers

a. 184,600 km2

13. In 1875, the British _____Deep Sea expedition conducted investigations in the Sulu Sea
and theVisayas.
a. H.M.S Challenger

14. The Danish _________made an intensive biological survey of the Philippine Deep.
a. H.M.S Galathea

15. The major current system affecting the Philippines is the ____________which flows
westward across the Pacific, hits the eastern coast of the country and splits into northward
and southward branches.
a. North Equatorial Current

16. The northward branch flows along the east coast of the Visayas and Luzon, moving to
Taiwan and Japan as the____________.
a. Kuroshio Current
17. The southward branch becomes the_________, moving southward along the east coast of
Mindanao.
a. Mindanao current

18. During the northeast monsoon a cyclonic pattern of surface water movement develops in the
South China Sea with a _______________along the western coasts of Palawan and Luzon.
a. northwesterly flow

19. During the southwest monsoon water movement in the South China Sea is generally -
_________, flowing out through the straits between Luzon and Taiwan
a. northeasterly

20. Sea surface temperatures are generally ________in summer and only a few degrees lower
during the cold months.
a. above 28oC

21. Nutrient depletion can extend to depths of __________in open waters.

a. 50-100 m

22. The thermocline depth is usually _______and varies seasonally. Nutrient concentrations
and biological productivity are highest over the shelves, declining rapidly with depth and
distance from the coast.
a. about 150 m

23. Evident in all these studies is the deterioration of water quality brought about by
a. mine tailings, agricultural runoffs, siltation, domestic sewage and oil spills

24. Coral reefs abound in shallow water areas not subjected to low salinity from
freshwater inflows, sedimentation and physical perturbations, with about _________of
coral reef area within the 30 m depth contour.
a. 27,000 km2
25. Reef areas contribute substantially to fisheries productivity, with fish yields
ranging from ________.
a. 5 to 37 t .km-2

26. Major destructive factors are and siltation from coastal development and activities,
illegal and destructive methods of fishing and overfishing.
i. Sedimentation
ii. Siltation
iii. Destructive fishing
iv. Overfishing
v. Coral fishing
a. all except v

27. Coral cover data from various surveys of Philippine reefs indicate that ______are in
excellent condition.
a. 5%

28. Mangrove communities are integral and important components of the coastal
ecosystem. These are categorized into:
a. Mangrove swamps and Nipa swamps

29. The _________is composed mainly of large trees and associates, and the_________
which are characterized by stemless palm growths.
a. Mangrove swamps and Nipa swamps respectively

30. Species of mangroves identified in the Philippines.

a. 41

31. These communities regulate water flow and wave energy.

a. Seagrass Communities
32. There are _____ seagrass species recorded in the Philippines, second only to
Western Australia among the 27 countries of the Indo-Pacific region. Extensive seagrass
beds have been identified in Bolinao, Palawan, Cuyo Island, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor,
Zamboanga and Davao.
a. 16

33. There are 16 seagrass species recorded in the Philippines, second only to
_______among the 27 countries of the Indo-Pacific region. Extensive seagrass beds have
been identified in Bolinao, Palawan, Cuyo Island, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Zamboanga and
Davao.
a. Western Australia

34. Aside from its ecological function this group of marine macrobentic algae is also an
important human food source.
a. Seaweeds

35. There are ______ species of seaweed recorded in the Philippines. About 150 species are
considered economically important but only a few are cultivated (particularly Eucheuma
spp.). Other species under the genus Sargassum and Gracilariaare harvested from
natural beds.
a. 190

36. This includes capture operations using boats less than 3 GT and those that do not involve
the use of watercraft.
a. Municipal fisheries

37. A __________is issued by the municipality where the boat is registered, hence the name.
a. License
38. Commercial fisheries include capture fishing operations using vessels of
a. 3 GT and above.
b. 5 GT
c. 20 GT
d. All of the above.

39. Commercial fishing vessels are required to secure a commercial fishing boat license from
the _________________before they can operate.
a. BFAR

40. With the implementation of the___________, coastal waters within 15 km from

the shoreline are now considered municipal waters and commercial fishing is
not allowed within this area.
a. Local Government Code in 1992

41. It is commonly used by the commercial sector to exploit demersals.

a. Trawl

42. What are the most commonly used by municipal fishers in catching demersal
species or groups?
a. gillnets, hook and lines and “baby” trawls

43. The commercial sector commonly uses _________for catching small pelagics.
a. bagnets, purse seines and ringnets

44. While municipal fishers dominantly use gillnets, beach seines and round haul
seines.
a. All of these.
b. Beach seine
c. Round haul seines
d. Gill net
45. These fishes are usually found in continental shelf waters (not exceeding 200 m
depth).
a. Small pelagic

46. They generally attain maximum weights not exceeding 500 g, and have _____growth rates
and ___life spans.
a. fast, short respectively

47. ____________are considered the main source of inexpensive animal protein for lower
income groups in the Philippines.
a. Small pelagic fisheries

48. Commercial production consists principally of _____(41.3%) and ______

(34.6%) (BAS 2001).
a. Roundscads and sardines

49. While municipal production consists of_____ (32.4%), ______ (23.9%) and _____
(14.8%) (BAS 2001).
a. mackerels, sardines and anchovies

50. Which of the following fishing gear/s is/are not used in catching pelagic species in
municipal sector?
a. Hook and line
b. Beach seine
c. Fish coral
d. None of the above

51. Based on these statistics, the major fishing grounds for small pelagics are Sulu Sea,
Visayan Sea, Moro Gulf, Lamon Bay, Cuyo Pass, Guimaras Strait, Western Palawan
waters and Manila Bay.
a. True
52. What is/are the primary problem/s facing Philippine small pelagic fisheries?
a. Overfishing

53. In a biological and economic sense, current fishing pressure has exceeded levels that the
resources can sustain.
a. Overfishing

54. What are the major industries associated with small pelagic fisheries?
a. Fish Canning and Making of fish sauce (patis and bagoong)

55. This is consisted of tunas and tuna-like species, such as billfish, swordfish and marlin.
These comprise a special group of highly migratory fishes capable of attaining large sizes
(adult Bluefin tuna usually weigh about 500 kg) and spends their entire life in marine
waters (from coastal areas to high seas).
a. Large pelagic fishes

56. The tuna fisheries became the largest and most valuable fisheries in the Philippines during the
mid-1970s when bamboo rafts were introduced, these are also called.
a. payao, a fish aggregating device

57. During these years the country became the number one producer of tunas in Southeast
Asia.
a. 1980s

58. How many species of tuna are recorded in the Philippines?

a. 21

59. Among those species of tuna only _____ are caught and form the basis of the tuna fishing
industry.
a. 6
60. Only _____form the bulk of catches and are listed in Philippine fisheries catch statistics.
a. 4

61. These two species were mainly exported while the rest of the tuna species are
consumed locally. They accounted for about 50% of the annual tuna catch.
a. Yellowfin (Thunnus albacores) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis)

62. The most productive fishing grounds in tuna are:

a. Sulu Sea, Moro Gulf, North Celebes Sea

63. The use of the following fishing gears usually accounts for over 80% of the annual tuna
catch.
a. purse seines, ringnets and handlines

64. This fishing gear alone accounts for over 60% of the municipal harvest.
a. Line gears

65. The extensive use of payao, however, may be rapidly removing undersized juveniles
from the stocks resulting to
a. Growth overfishing

66. How many percent of tuna production is involved in international trade of tuna and tuna
products?
a. 30-40%

67. Exported forms of tuna.

a. Fresh/Chilled
b. Frozen
c. Canned
d. All of the above
68. Which of the following is/are the main issues regarding the impact on the sustainable use
and management of large pelagic fisheries in the Philippines?
i. Inadequate statistical baselines
ii. Inadequate biological information
iii. Exploitation of undersized tunas
iv. Poor post-harvest handling
v. Excess tuna canning capacity
vi. Boundary disputes
vii. Lack of joint management arrangements

a. i,ii,iii,iv,v,vi,vii

69. The major fishing gear employed to catch demersal fishes in the country from the late
1940s until the mid-1980s.
a. Bottom trawl

70. Trawlable fishing grounds in the country is characterized by

a. Soft bottom areas

71. The trawl is known to sweep a definite path which area is the product of the distance of the
trawl run and the effective width of the trawl. This method of estimating the densities of
the demersal stocks is called
a. Swept Area

72. According to 2002 FAO statistics, ____________also known as manna crab, contributed
0.19% of world production from capture fisheries.
a. Portunuspelagicus (blue swimming crab)
73. Local name of blue swimming crab in the Philippines.
a. Alimasag
b. Kasag
c. Both b and c

74. How many species of swimming crabs are reported in the Philippines?
a. 51

75. How many species of swimming crabs are considered marketable?

a. 7

76. These genera of small crabs represent the by-catch of small trawlers and Danish seines
and are sold in specialty restaurants.
a. Charybdis and Portunus

77. These species of crab are collected and consumed but do not go through normal
market channels.
a. Thalamita

78. Crabs were collected during low tide in the wide tidal flats fronting villages using simple
gears such as
a. Spear or scoop nets

79. In shallow water areas, crabs are collected by using simple gears such
a. Crab liftnets and fish pots

80. The blue crab, Portunuspelagicus, is cosmopolitan in the country. This species prefer
shallow water areas of up to
a. 70 m depth
81. Over half (51.5%) of the blue crab production currently comes from Western Visayas
specifically in
a. Guimaras strait
b. Visayan Sea
c. Both A and B

82. What is the major fishing ground of crab in Mindanao?

a. Pangil Bay and waters off Tawi-tawi

83. Crabbing is a multigear fishery, i.e., crabs are caught and landed by different types of
fishing gear. What are the major crab fishing gears used?
a. Crab Pot
b. All of these
c. Crab gill net
d. Crab pot

84. What is the major reason why fishers are lured into crabbing?
a. High price

85. In a study by Ingles and Flores (2000), the by-catch of crab gillnets used in the
Visayan Sea and Guimaras Strait reportedly accounted for______of the total catch.
a. 45%

86. About 28-34% of crab gillnetscatches and 8-27% of crab pot catches consist of
immature individuals. Similarly, berried (egg-bearing) females are landed by gillnets
(21.8% of the catch)
and crab pots (8.1%). What kind of overfishing are reflected in thesestatements?
a. growth overfishing, recruitment overfishing respectively
87. What are the factors that endanger the crab resource?
a. High by-catch and ghost fishing
b. Irresponsible fishing practices
c. Lack of regulations
d. All of the above

88. The establishment of the live reef food fish trade (LRFFT) in the Philippines was brought
about by the demand for live food fish by what countries?
a. Hongkong, Taiwan and China

89. Live food fish is conventionally caught using what kind of fishing gear?
a. Hook and line

90. What problem is closely associated with LRFFT?

a. Cyanide Fishing

91. LRFFT stands for?

a. Live Reef Food Fish Trade

92. Scientific name of Napoleon wrasse.

a. Cheilinus undulatus

93. Plectropomusleopardus
a. Leopard coralgrouper

94. Which does not belong to the group?

a. Serranidae
b. Siganidae
c. Labridae
d. Scombridae
 95. Where does stonefish (Synanceia sp.) belong?
a. Scorpaenidae

96. What was the most abundant species in catch for LRFFT?
a. Leopard coralgrouper, Plectropomusleopardus

97. Groupers, for which information is available, periodically aggregate to spawn in

masses. This form of behavior in fish reproduction is called
a. Spawning aggregation

98. Which of the following is not a factor to be considered in the degradation of coral reefs?
a. Cyanide fishing/ Blast fishing
b. Crown of thorns infestation
c. Climate change
d. None of the above

99. Resources those are valued for their aesthetic appeal rather than nutritional importance.
a. marine aquarium or ornamental fish

100. Fishing gear used to catch ornamental fishes provided with a surface-supplied
compressed air.
a. Hookah

101. What are the major sources of marine ornamentals?

a. Philippines and Indonesia

102. The Philippines started its own ornamental trade in the year
a. 1950’s
103. The major source areas of ornamentals in the Philippines are Cebu, Bohol, Bataan,
Batangas, Davao, Zambales and Palawan.
a. The statement is true.

104. What are the major destinations of the trade for ornamental fishes?
a. Europe and USA

105. What is the ideal size of aquarium fish for trade?

a. 2-10 cm

106. What are the characteristics of aquarium fish ideal for trade,except?
i. Rare species
ii. Very specific size ranges
iii. Uncommon color forms
iv. Attractive coloration
v. Uncommon hybrids
a. None of the above

107. What kind of overfishing is associated with the trade of ornamental fishes?
b. Growth overfishing
c. Ecosystem overfishing
d. Both b and c

108. Scientific name of Moorish idol.

a. Zancluscornutus

109. Philippines is second only to Indonesia in terms of

a. Coral reefs
110. Reef fisheries have been estimated to directly contribute to around ______of the total
national municipal fisheries production.
a. 15-30%

111. What is the total reef area of the Philippines?

a. around 27,000-44,000 km2

112. What is the major reason in the decline of Tripneustesgratilla in Bolinao?

a. Commercial harvest

113. What were the three species reported to decline in Bolinao?

a. Sharks, sea urchin, rabbitfish

114. With the aim of modifying fishing gear into less destructive rather than regulating a very
effective fishing gear, what replaced “muro-ami”?
a. Pa-aling

115. A bubble-fishing scareline technique.

a. Paaling

116. What should be the major goal of fisheries management?

a. Prevent recruitment overfishing (preventing the continued and massive capture of
fish that have not yet reproduce)
117. In many “wet” markets or fish markets around the country (from Southern Leyte to
Batangas, Zambales and Iloilo) one can observe the sale of the grayish-white fish. A
variety of larval, postlarvaland early juvenile fish species may be sold under this name.
a. Dulong
*sometimes it is claimed as the fry of dwarf pygmy goby (Pandakapygmea
*sometimespostlarvae or early juvenile of anchovies of the genus Stolephorus
(Engraulidae)
*considered as export commodities, marketed as frozen as “lobo-lobo” (anchovies)
to Taiwan or Japan
*locally trade as fresh or dried

118. Are sometimes postlarvae or early juveniles of anchovies of the genus

Stolephorus(Engraulidae), a fish taxon of great importance as food commodity, and perhaps
even more so, as part of the marine food web.
a. Dulong

119. The bulk of these fisheries is highly seasonal and carried out in estuaries during certain
moon phases; its targets are the postlarvae or fry of goby species of the genus
________in IlocosNorte.
a. Sicyopterus

120. Goby fry, locally called ______are usually preserved through a traditional fermentation
process and marketed as bagoong (fish sauce)
a. Ipon

121. The early juveniles of rabbitfish (Siganidae); most commonly S. canaliculatusis called
a. Padas
122. Another very popular food item are the juvenile stages of certain flatfishes
(Bothidae), marketed also in dried form and consumed as snack food, this are locally
called as
a. Palad

123. The peak months of collecting milkfish fry (kawag-kawag).

a. April-May (June)

124. What section in R.A 8550 allows the use of very fine mesh net to capture early life stages
of fish and small shrimps (alamang), in contrary to the much-neededprotection and
conservation measures for early life stages of fish?
a. Section 89

125. This includes marine waters with depths exceeding 200 m.

a. Deep water areas

126. How many percent is the deep water in the territorial waters of the Philippines?
a. 88%

127. What are the characteristic environmental factors of deep-water areas?

a. High pressure, low temperature, low dissolved oxygen and scarcity of food supply

128. Species diversity is relatively higher and food-web structure is more complex.
a. Deep-water ecosystem

129. What are the characteristics of most deep-sea organisms?

a. long life spans, slow growth rates, late ages at maturity and limited reproductive
potentials
130. Used to illustrate variations in catch composition at different depth levels in Panay Gulf
(off Guimaras Island).
a. Z-traps

131. Eels are mostly composed of two genus

a. Conger and Ophicthus

132. At over 200-400 m depth range, eels mostly______ constitute a dominant portion (over
85%) of the catch. Shrimps, mostly Heterocarpusspp.; fishes, composed of ratfishes
(Macrouridae and Moridae); and jawless hagfishes (Eptatretusspp.) become a significant
part of the catch.
a. Ophicthusspp.
.
133. At shallower depths of about 200 m, what dominate the catches?
a. eels and crabs

134. At depths of more than 400 m, eels, jawless hagfishes and bonyfishes
(ratfishes) more or less equally dominate the catch. Eels are of
________genus; shrimps are mostly of_________.; and crabs are
mostly spider crabs (family______).
a. Synaphobranchus,Heterocarpusspp.,Majidae, respectively

135. What is the area when the depth zone is >1000 m?

a. 1,287,294.8

136. What is the only deep-water fisheries resource that has a documented history
of wide-scale exploitation?
a. dogfish shark
137. The dogfish shark from the family _______fishing in the Philippines started in
1967 in San Joaquin, Iloilo, and subsequently expanded and developed into
nationwide fisheries.
a. Squalidae

138. The species of dogfish caught mostly belong to the genus

a. Centrophorus

139. The shark liver oil, from which the chemical substance called squalene is
extracted, is exported to
a. Japan, Hong Kong, USA and China

140. This is used as additive to various health supplements and forms the base of many cosmetic
products.
a. Squaline

141. Dogfish sharks are mainly caught using what kind of fishing gear?
a. Bottom-set multiple hook-and-line

142. What is the preferred time to catch dogfish shark?

a. Night

143. In Davao Gulf, the multiple hook-and-line fisheries have evolved to operate in the deep-
waters. What is the local name of this fishing gear?
a. panonton
b. palangre
c. both a and b
144. Preliminary analysis of catch composition in Davao Gulf shows that there are at least 7
kinds of fishes caught. The most common of these are Trichiurius spp. and what is
locally called
a. Bakalaw

145. The conger eel, is one of the major catches of deep-water traps in Panay Gulf, off
Mindoro and off Marinduque. It is scientifically known as
a. Ophicthusurolophos

146. The deep-water shrimps (pasayang pula) caught by traps in Davao Gulf at water depths
of 200-600 m are mostly of the species
a. Plesionikaspp., Heterocarpussibogaeand H. gibbosus

147. A fisher usually uses ______trap/s per fishing operation baited with raw
skewered duck meat.
a. only two

148. Hagfishes_________ can also be a potential resource, maybe not as food

fish but for industrial uses. Given the right technology and processing
techniques, these species could become highly profitable fisheries in the
Philippines.
a. Eptatretusspp.

149. Production associated with coastal ecosystems contributes around ___(i.e.,

municipal capture fisheries and aquaculture fisheries yields) of the total
fisheries production of the Philippines.
a. 65%

150. What is considered to be the most important sector of the country’s

fisheries?
a. Marine Capture
151. One of the most popular initiatives that have been undertaken to reduce the
impacts on coral reefs.
a. Establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs)

152. Yield from seagrass beds can be over ______of fish alone, with a
production potential of 20 t km-2 year-1 of fish, invertebrates and seaweeds
combined.
a. 10 t km-2 year-1

153. These are the most abundant fish and occur in seagrass beds as adults and
juveniles.
a. Siganids /rabbitfish

154. This is related to increasing fisher populations and the open-access nature of
the marine environment that has led to further heavy exploitation and abuse of
resources.
a. Malthusian overfishing

155. The most rapid decrease of mangroves occurred during the 1960s and 1970s,
caused by
a. Expansion of Aquaculture

156. What is considered to be the final step in a process of destruction of

mangroveresources?
a. Conversion of mangrove areas to fishponds
157. What is considered to be the second most cause for the pervasive intrusion
on the resource?
a. Cutting of mangroves for fuel
b. Charcoal making
c. Overharvesting
d. All of the above

158. What agency is responsible for licensing the development of fishponds on

government land?
a. BFAR

159. It is a law that prohibits the cutting of any mangroves in the country.
a. Republic Act 7161

160. This provided long-term security of tenure through the issuance of

Mangrove Stewardship Agreements.
a. DAO 15

161. It is a production sharing agreement entered into between a community and

thegovernment to develop, utilize, manage and conserve a specific portion of forestland
consistent with the principles of sustainable development and pursuant to an approved
Community Resource Management Framework Plan (CRMF) (DAO 96-29).
a. CBFMA (Community-Based Forest Management Agreements)

162. These are a discrete community dominated by flowering plants with roots and rhizomes,
thriving in shallow coastal waters. They slightly reduce sediments and normally
exhibit maximum biomass under conditions of complete submergence.
a. Seagrass beds

163. What is the length of coastline of the Philippines?

a. 18,000 km
164. These are the primary cause for most of these losses and these are increasing as human

population increases.
a. Anthropogenic impacts

165. ___________is the major long-term threat to seagrasses ecosystems around the world.
a. Coastal eutrophication

166. These consist the organic load of the water:

i. Nutrients
ii. dissolved oxygen(DO)
iii. chlorophyll-a
iv. total suspended solids (TSS)
a. i,ii,iii,iv

167. Nutrients in excess can lead to increased algal growth resulting in

a. Eutrophication

168. This serves as an indicator of eutrophic conditions.

a. Low DO

169. One adverse consequence of very low DO experienced in coastal waters.

a. Fish kill

170. __________is a measure of algal biomass.

a. Chlorophyll-a

171. High TSS may be a result of ________.

a. Both B and C
b. algal growth
c. increased silt and clay
172. ____affect the biota through their ability to bioaccumulate, move up the food chain
and ultimately are consumed by humans.
a. Heavy metals

173. The persistence of_______, an important factor to determine their impact on

nontarget species, is oftentimes closely associated with food chain magnification.
a. Pesticides

174. Both _______and _______ are of concern due to toxicity issues and potential
carcinogenic effects.
a. Heavy metals and pesticides

175. The level of_____________, or pathogens from fecal material, is critical in

areas used for primary (swimming) and secondary (fishing) contact
activities.
a. Fecal coliforms

176. This may not be entirely useful for marine waters due to the ability of seawater to buffer
its changes.
a. pH

177. Provided a basis for appraising water quality using some physico-chemical indicators (DO,
fecal coliform, some heavy metals and pesticides, pH).
a. DAO no. 34, s. 1990

178. It is DO is measured oxygen concentration in mg/m 3.

a. DO
 179. When did a major fish kill occurred in Bolinao, Pangasinanwhere thousands of kilos
of milkfish in fish cages and pens died, and many reef fishes too, with losses
estimated to be in the order of P500 million?
a. February 2002

180. The first reported bloom occurrence in the Philippines that caused massive fish kill was
caused by?
a. Prorocentrum minimum

181. Prorocentrum minimum

a. Dinoflagellate

182. This level of DO can cause suffocation of gill-breathing aquatic organisms, and is one of
the common causes of fishkill.
a. <2 mg/1

183. This group of reptiles together with sea snakes has successfully thrived in the marine
environment.
a. Sea turtles

184. This is the only survivor of the family Dugongidae and the only representative of the
order Sirenia.
a. Sea cow

185. These belong to the order Cetacea which is divided into two suborders, the baleen
whales (Mysticeti) and toothed whales (Odontoceti). These are represented in the
Philippines by at least 21 species belonging to 5 families
a. Dolphins and Whales

*species of concern – includes sea turtles, dugong, cetaceans, whale sharks, mantas and all
large marine mammals.
Five (5) species of sea turtles found in the Philippines:
 a) Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas)
b) Hawksbill Sea Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata)
c) Olive ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)
d) Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)
e) Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)

Most common and abundant species of Dolphins& whales:

a) Spinner dolphin (Stenellalongirostris)

b) Pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenellaattenuata)
c) Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
d) Fraser’s dolphin (Lagenodelphishosei)
e) Short-finned pilot Whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus)

Large cetaceans that are few and rare:

a) Sperm Whale (Physeter catodon)

b) Baleen whales (Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus and Bryde’s whale, B. edeni)
c) Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeanglidae) – sighted off southwestern Palawan and
in southern Sulu Sea (but current records show the species to be sighted only off Babuyan
island, northern Luzon
d) Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaellabrevirostris) – have a restricted distribution and are found
only in the southern part of the Malampaya Sound, northwestern Palawan.

Whale Sharks and Mantas:

- There are 2 out of over 160 species of cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes)
confirmed present in Philippine waters
 a) Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) – the only representative of the family
Rhincodontidae
b) Manta (Manta birostris) – is the only representative of its genera under the family
Mobulidae (devil rays); both of which are under the order Elamobranchii.
*two of the largest living fishes in the world both species feed on small planktonic
organism in sea waters. Being highly migratory, they are observed in many areas
of the Philippines, occurring singly or in groups, nearshore and offshore.
*fishery records show they are abundant particularly around Bohol and Sulu
Seas abd southeastern Mindanao.
*recently, seasonal aggregations of Whale shark has been found to occur in
Donsol, Sorsogon, Honda Bay Palawan and Zambales coasts.

Seahorses:

 Family Syngnathidae
 Along with the pipefishes, pipehorses and seadragons
 Of the 32 known species in the world, 8 have been found to occur in the Philippines.
 Found generally in shallow waters including seagrasses, mangrove roots, corals,
open sand, muddy bottom estuaries and lagoons.
 They are bony fishes with curved trunk, head that resembles a horse and a fully
prehensile tail.
 Historical records indicate that seahorse distribution is abundant particularly in
Bohol, Cebu, Zamboanga and Palawan.

186. It isthe only representative of the family Rhincodontidae.

a. Rhincodon typus

187. Family of Manta birostris

a. Mobulidae
188. Two suborders of whales are, the baleen whales ______and toothed
whales______.
a. Mysticeti and Odontoceti
 189. Family of pipefishes, pipehorsesand seadragons.
a. Syngathidae
190. Out of 32 species of Hippocampus, how many are found to occur in the Philippines?
a. 8

191. In what appendix in CITES does Rhincodon typus is listed?

a. II

192. Dugongs are by-catch of what fishing gear?

a. Fish corral

*Drift nets fishing –top killer of many marine wildlife species, particularly small cetaceans and
sea turtles; often referred to as the “walls of death”, has a length of as long as 60 km and
indiscriminately snare not only target species (salmon, tuna, squid, etc.) but also a variety of
marine mammals, such as young whales, dolphins, porpoises, fur seals, and sea animals such as
sea turtles, sea birds, sharks and other fish species.
*other gears that also by-catch dolphins are baby ring net, bagnet, beach seine, set gill net,
bottom longline, castnet, crab trap, drift longline, drivenet, fish corral, flying fish net, stationary
lift net, two-boat lift net, purse seine, shark net and troll line.

193. Dugong was declared by DENR as a protected marine mammal under

a. AO 55 in 1991

194. Also known as the dolphin ban.

a. FAO 185

195. FAO 185 was limited only to the members of the family Delphinidae only. This was
later amended in 1998 under _____to include all other families under class Cetacea.
a. FAO 185-1
196. The mandate of DA-BFAR on cetacean conservation and management was explicitly defined
with the issuance of______, listing rare, threatened and endangered fishery species.
a. FAO 208
197. FAO 208 excludes this specie of dolphin, the most critically endangered species among all
the cetaceans in the Philippines.
a. Orcaellabrevirostris (Irrawaddy dolphin)

198. ______ lists species threatened with extinction and generally prohibits species from
commercial trade.
a. Appendix I

199. _______regulates international trade in species that may be threatened with extinction
without trade controls.
a. Appendix I

200. _______lists species that are protected in at least one country that has asked for assistance
in controlling the trade.
a. Appendix III

201. _______ are the first species to have their habitat protected.
a. Sea turtles

202. In ______, the Philippine Congress passed RA 7586 providing for the establishment and
management of a National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) to:
“encompass outstandingly remarkable areas and biologically important public lands that
are habitats of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, biogeographic zones and
 related ecosystems, whether terrestrial, wetland or marine, all of which shall be
designated as ‘protected areas’”
a. June 1992

203. The DENR later issued NIPAS Implementing Rules and Regulation ______which sets the
steps for the establishment of NIPAS areas.
a. AO No. 25

204. Breeding or resting areas for endangered turtles such as the hawksbill and green sea turtles.
a. Turtle Islands Heritage Protected Area

205. Possibly the southernmost breeding area of humpback whales in the western North Pacific and
records 11 cetacean species including the humpback and sperm whales, and thus the
most cetacean-diverse area surveyed to date
a. Batanes Islands Protected Landscapes and Seascapes

206. The only known habitat of the Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaellabrevirostris)

a. Malampaya Sound

*it is also one of the most productive fishing grounds in the Philippines and hosts Green sea
Turtles and sea cowas.

207. A critical habitat for at least nine species of dolphins and whales, it was proposed as a
marine mammal sanctuary prior to its proclamation as a protected seascape.
a. Tañon Strait

208. Tañon Strait is declared a Protected Seascape under___________.

a. Presidential Proclamation No. 1234
209. _______for dolphin and whale watching.
a. BaisCity

210. Whale shark interaction tours.

 a. Donsol

211. The coastal waters of_________, have been a Whale shark sanctuary by a municipal
ordinance in March 1998.
a. Donsol, Sorsogon

212. Green Island and Taytay Bays in Palawan have been proposed to be established as
Dugong sanctuaries.
a. Donsol, Sorsogon
b. All of these
c. Green Island
d. Taytay Bays in Palawan

213. Municipal fishing boats may further be classified into

a. Nonmotorized and motorized types

214. A majority of boats are the double-outrigger type of a craft, consisting of a narrow main
hull with two attached bamboo outriggers. This is commonly known as
a. Banca

215. Boats with 3-16 HP gasoline or diesel engine.

a. Motorized types

216. Which of the following is not operated by a motorized type fishing boat?
a. Gill nets
b. Traps
c. Handlines
 d. None of the above.

217. Using either paddle or sail as means of propulsion, and carry from one to several
peopledepending on the fishing gear used.
a. Nonmotorized types

218. Which of the following is not operated by a nonmotorized type fishing boat?
a. Troll lines
b. Handlines
c. None of the above
d. Ring net

219. Number of crafts of this size category also serves as fish carriers - bringing catch from
“catcher” boats to the market each morning. Some are also used as “light” boats used for
fish attraction and payao fishing.
a. Small scale types

220. Are mainly engaged in purse seining, with most catchers going for tuna or seasonal small
pelagic fishes such as mackerels and roundscads.
a. Large scale commercial fishing boats

221. Rice and fish are the staple foods in the Philippines contributing _____and

______of the total food intake.

a. 35.1% and12.3% respectively

222. Fish contributes around _____of the total protein intake of average Filipino.

a. 22.4%
223. The Philippine per capita fish consumption was ___ in 2001 (BAS 2002).

a. 26.8 kg/year
224. The major export destinations of shrimps and prawns and tuna
were______and _____.
a. Japan and USA

225. In 2001, the balance of trade is ______in terms of quantity, but

______in terms of value.
a. Negative and Positive

226. In general, ______products are better handled than those

caught in commercial fisheries.
a. Aquaculture

227. __________are commonly used for processing shrimps and

prawns.
a. Contact PlateFreezers

228. _______are usually employed for tuna.

a. Air blast freezers and Brine freezers

229. The main export product for frozen tuna is _______.

a. Tuna loins

230. By-products from canning industry find their way into and pet food and the
fishmeal industry.
a. Flavoring for pet food
b. Fermenting pet food
 c. Used in fish meal industry
d. All of the above

231. Another term for comminuted products.

a. Surimi
b. Minced
c. All of the above

232. Example of traditional products, except.

a. Smoked (traditional)
b. Canned
c. Dried (traditional)
d. Salted (traditional)

233. These products are mainly manufactured by entrepreneurs operating in strategic

places in the country where there is a guaranteed supply of raw materials.
a. Traditional products

234. Post-harvest losses of fish can be of various types, except:

a. Institutional
b. Material or physical
c. Economic
d. Nutritional

235. Example of this loss is underutilization of resources where small fish are converted into

fishmeal instead of being used as human food.

a. Material or physical losses
236. This could occur during trading in the international market due to rejection.
a. Economic losses
237. Occur during processing particularly in traditional methods, such as smoking,
salting and drying.
a. Nutritional losses

238. A model that incorporates both biology and economics, the ______ (1957)-______
(1954) model, explains how economic incentives interact with renewable fishery
systems.
a. Schaefer, Gordon respectively
239. Characterized by higher average incomes, fewer fishers and higher total income.
a. Limited access

240. Characterized by lower incomes, more fishers and lower total income.
a. Open access

241. Characterized by larger stocks, more diversity in size of fish and more resilient stocks.
a. Limited access

242. Characterized by smaller stocks, mostly small fish and stocks are vulnerable to external
shocks.
a. Open access

243. As of 2001, what subsector is the least productive in terms of volume?

a. Municipal fisheries subsector

244. As of 2001 what sector has been the most encouraging in terms of production
performance?
a. Aquaculture sector

245. In 2000, what was the largest regional producer in fisheries production?
a. IV
246. In 2000, what was the least regional producer in fisheries production?
a. CAR

247. In 2000, volume-wise, what was the most important commercial fisheries species?
a. Round Scad

248. In 2000, volume-wise, what was the most significant municipal fisheries species?
a. Frigate tuna
249. In 2000, volume-wise, what was the largest aquaculture product?
a. Seaweeds

250. In 2000, what was the most significant fisheries export in terms of volume?
a. Tuna

251. In 2000, what was the most significant fisheries export in terms of value?
a. Shrimp and prawn

252. Also in 2000, the most important imported fisheries products were chilled
frozen fish, particularly what species?
a. Tuna, sardines, mackerel

253. What is the term used to describe the economic cost of overfishing?
a. Resource rent

254. Use a “poverty line” 5 usually defined in terms of having enough income to spend
on a specified minimum amount of food and nonfood basic items of expenditure.
a. Income-based approach

255. It focuses on the absence or lack of some minimum acceptable level of basic needs
or on the lack of some basic capabilities for people to function or survive.
a. Outcome-based measures
256. Example/s of outcome-based measure:
a. Human development index (HDI)
b. Minimum Basic Needs (MBN)
c. Both a and b
d. All of the above

257. The ___________is the only project in the Philippines that has an expressed
poverty focus (in the broadest sense of the term).
a. Fisheries Resource Management Project (FRMP)

258. The major components of FRMP are, except:

a. Prevention of illegal fishing

259. What hamper the full participation of women in development activities of the
fisheries sector?
a. Low educational attainment
b. Both a and c
c. sociocultural constraints

260. What is the potential percentage of loss in terms of yield when fishermen use
of small-meshed (i.e., 2 cm) trawl codends?
a. 20%

261. What is the potential percentage of loss in terms of value when fishermen use
of small-meshed (i.e., 2 cm) trawl codends?
a. 35%

262. It is the first province in the Philippines to proactively utilize the existing
policy and legal framework for coastal resource management (CRM).
a. Bohol
263. What is the area of the municipal waters of Bohol?
a. 6,245 km2

264. Region ____ is where province of Bohol located.

a. VII
265. Bohol is the ____ largest province of the Philippines and is composed of 48
municipalities of which 30 are coastal.
a. 10th

266. Fish provides ____ of protein of the province of Bohol.

a. >50%

267. What is region does SOCKSARGEN compose?

a. Region XII

268. The______________ was designed to institutionalize stock assessment so that

continuous and reliable time series data will be available for the development of
sound fisheries management strategies.
A. National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP

269. It is generally described as a tool of fisheries managers.

a. Licensing

270. The _________of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

attempted to design and implement a licensing scheme for municipal
governments.
a. Fisheries Resource Management Project (FRMP)
271. _______have jurisdiction over the management and utilization of fisheries
resources within municipal water.
a. LGU
272. While the _______is in charge of resources outside municipal waters.
a. BFAR

273. It is the main agency responsible for managing commercial fisheries.

a. BFAR

274. It states that no person shall be allowed to operate a commercial fishing vessel
without a license. All vessels and gears need also to be licensed; otherwise, their
operations are illegal.
a. Sec. 26 of article II in RA 8550

275. Term used to describe the operations of fishing vessels which are not licensed.
a. Illegal fishing

276. Validity of license for commercial fishing vessels.

a. 3 years

277. Commercial fishing gears shall be registered and licensed while fishers
aboard commercial fishing shall be licensed as ________.
a. Fishworker

278. What is the percent increase in the license fees of fishing vessels, gears and
fishworkers?
a. 20%

279. In 2001, there was how many licensed commercial fishing vessels in the
Philippines employing about 375,000 fishworkers?
a. 3,601
280. By using small or fine-meshed nets, fish are actually caught at an early stage
in their life, preventing them from growing to sizes at which maximum benefit
can be derived in terms of biomass.
a. Growth overfishing
281. Growth overfishing has two consequences: (1) the average sizes of target species
will progressively decrease or (2) the target species will become depleted and
will be replaced by other small-sized, fast-growing species.
a. The statement is true

282. The combined effects of fishing effort and the average size when a species
of fish is being harvested can be investigated using __________.
a. Beverton and Holt (1957) yield per recruit model
b. Thompson and Bell (1934) model.
c. All of the above

283. Approach that can only be applied in tropical fisheries in which one or a few
species dominate the catch.
a. Single species approach

284. Their role in fisheries management is to ensure that all regulatory or restrictive
management interventions are complied with by specific individuals or communities.
a. Fisheries law enforcement

285. One of the three main actors in fisheries law enforcement functions in the
formulation of the regulatory or restrictive acts.
a. regulatory managers

286. One of the three main actors in fisheries law enforcement whose actions are
regulated.
a. regulated communities
287. One of the three main actors in fisheries law enforcement whose are tasked to
ensure that regulations will be complied with.
a. tasked force
288. They are the regulatory officer responsible when the regulatory task involves
limiting access to and use of resources outside the municipal waters.
a. DA-BFAR

289. They are the regulatory officer responsible when the regulatory task involves
limiting access to and use of resources within the municipal waters.
a. LGUs

290. They are mandated to conserve and protect coastal and marine environment with
LGUs sharing the responsibility in their respective territories (Local
Government Code of 1991).
a. DENR

291. Activities that indirectly affect fishing and coastal ecosystems are covered
under________.
a. Philippine Merchant Marine Rules and Regulations (PMMRR)

292. One of the following items is an ingredient in making blasting caps.

a. Nitrate based fertilizers

293. They should be the first line of defense in fisheries law enforcement, their
treatment of enforcement is typically reactionary and impulsive and not
programmatic.
a. Local government officials
294. These are areas of the marine environment protected from various forms of
human or extractive exploitation such as fishing.
a. No take marine reserves/marine reserves
295. Marine reserves are synonymous to
a. MPA
b. Marine harvest refuge
c. Marine sanctuary
d. All of the above

296. These areas are located outside the reserves, it is where small-scale
fishers are allowed to fish using traditional, nondestructive fishing
gears.
a. Non-reserve
b. Fished area
c. All of the above

297. What is the ideal size of a marine reserve?

a. 20% to the total marine area

298. What should be the ideal area for marine reserve if certain municipality has a
100-ha coral reef area?
a. 20-ha

299. Two British fishery scientists, R.J.H. Beverton and S.J. Holt, in 1957,
provided a theoretical explanation: at high levels of fishing mortality,
closing an area to fishing can enhance yield per recruit.
a. R.J.H. Beverton and S.J. Holt

300. It is a general term used to refer to areas of the sea protected whether by law
and/or in fact from one or more activities.
a. MPA
301. _________refer to MPAs protected from fishing and/or protected for the benefit
of fisheries.
a. Marine fishery reserves

302. These are areas of the sea completely protected from fishing and other extractive
or harmful human uses.
a. Fully protected Marine reserves

303. These are areasprotected from fishing and other extractive use but not necessarily from
harmful nonextractive use.
a. No-take marine reserves

304. In MPAs, once the adult fishes increase inside, crowding and the search for food
will also drive some outside where they can boost catches —this is called
a. Spill-over

305. Although not declared as a marine park per se, is the Philippines’ first national
park with a significant marine component.
a. Hundred Island National Park

306. _____of the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act (RA
9147) of 2001 provided for the protection of habitats critical to threatened
species; the implementing rules and regulations for the Wildlife Act are
being drafted.
a. Section 25

307. What are the goals of establishing marine protected areas

i. Rehabilitation of critical (e.g., coral reef) habitats,
ii. Replenishment of fish resources
iii. Promotion of tourism or recreation.
 a. All except iv

308. In_____, the first municipal marine protected area (MPA) was declared in Sumilon
Island.
a. 1974

309. What is the smallest marine sanctuary recorded with a 1-ha area?
a. Nalayag Point Fishery Refuge and Sanctuary in Batangas

310. What is the largest marine sanctuary recorded with a 1,822-ha area?
a. Gasan Community Marine Reserve in Marinduque

311. Marine sanctuary recorded with 33,200 ha area.

a. Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park in Palawan

312. Marine sanctuary recorded with 27,469 ha area.

a. Apo Reef Natural Park in Mindoro

313. The _________is off-limits to any fishing activity but allows the passage of small
fishing crafts.
a. buffer zone

314. Hook-and-line fishing, gleaning and swimming are the only human activities allowed in
these areas.
a. buffer zone

315. These are artificial structures deployed at the sea bottom.

a. Artificial Reefs (ARs)
316. These are artificial structures anchored or drifting at the surface or midwater levels
that attract and aggregate fish to support certain fisheries.
a. Fish Aggregating devices (FADs)

317. In the Philippines, ARs have been traditionally used in the Visayas as early as
the 1950s using small collections of branches, twigs and other materials
called
a. Gango

318. Gango was traditionally used for aggregating certain demersal species of
fish, such as____________.
a. Rabbitfish and snappers

319. What is the most preferred material in the construction of artificial reefs because
it can be molded easily and lasts longer in seawater, there were only limited
attempts to use it due to higher cost.
a. Concrete

320. The species aggregating near tire and bamboo ARs were mostly ______organisms
because of their position and deployment in shallow reef areas.
a. Benthic

321. Which of the following is not a part of Payao?

i. Floating structure
ii. Aggregating device
 iii. Anchor
iv. Rope line
v. Reeving line
vi. Catching chamber
a. v and vi

322. The line that links the floating structure to the anchor is a ___________rope with
a diameter of 14-16 mm depending on the speed of the water current in the
fishing ground.
a. Polypropylene

323. Scientific name of dolphinfish

a. Coryphaenahippurus

324. The Philippines has a high diversity ofcommercially important invertebrate

fishery resources belonging to three major groups, except
a. Molluscs
b. Echinoderms
c. Crustaceaans
d. Sponges

325. Species of giant clam, except

a. Tridacna gigas,
b. T. derasa
c. Hippopusporcellanus
d. Trochus niloticus (top shell)

326. Overexploitation of sea urchins was once reported in

a. Bolinao
327. Cultured species in one of the private hatcheries in Palawan in the year 2000
which was collaborated with SEAFDEC.
a. Topshells

328. __________is a process used to overcome recruitment limitation, which occurs

when the natural supply of juveniles fails to fill the carrying capacity of the
habitat.
a. Stock enhancement

329. This management tool provides ample opportunity for reproduction when the number of
areas fished sequentially exceeds the number of years it takes the species to reach
maturity.
a. Rotational fishing

330. What institution started the culture of giant clams in the Philippines in 1985?
a. UP-MSI

331. It is near Mactan Island, the second largest tourist area in

the Philippines.
a. Olango

332. It is the first area in the Philippines to be listed in the Ramsar List of
Wetlands of International Importance, recognition of its importance as a
wetland for birds belonging to the East Asia Migratory Flyway.
a. Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary (OIWS)

333. It covers all commercial fishing boats which are prohibited from operating in
Philippine waters 7 fathoms deep or less (Section 1, PD 1016).
a. Pito
334. It applies only to three discriminated gear: commercial trawl and purse seine
(Letter of Instruction 1328; Fisheries Administrative Order [FAO]156) and
commercial hulbot-hulbot(modified Danish seine) using fine mesh net (FAO 164)
which should operate not only in areas more than 7 fathoms deep but also beyond
7 km from the shoreline.
a. Pito-pito

335. Conservation of rare, threatened and endangered species.

a. Section 97

336. An Act Providing for the Conservation and Protection of Wildlife Resources and
their Habitats, Appropriating Funds Thereto and for Other Purposes.
a. R.A 7611

337. Those issues that are within a province and its composite municipalities and can be
resolved internally within the province, e.g.,illegal fishing gears, harvesting of juveniles
in certain seasons, etc.
a. Intraprovincial issues

338. Those issues that are between provinces from within the same region, with
fisherscoming in from other areas from within the region, e.g., supplies of
dynamite blasting materials, cyanide and placing of fish aggregating
devices by outsiders into municipal waters.
a. Interprovincial issues

339. Those issues that are difficult to manage through regional mechanismsbecause these are
caused by factors or fishers coming from outside the region, e.g., commercial fishing
boats from outside the region entering the region’s waters during spawning and peak
fishing seasons.
a. Interregional (national) issue
340. International Conference on Responsible Fishing was held in___________, in May 1992,
further refined during sessions of the FAO Committee on Fisheries, and adopted in 1995.
a. Cancun, Mexico

341. Through its Committee on Fisheries and Aquaculture, ensures private sector participation
in policy evaluation and formulation.
a. NAFC

342. It is a common approach in the resolution of intersectoral conflicts involving fisheries,

given the multiple uses of coastal areas. Comprehensive land use plans are probably in
existence in most municipalities.
a. Zoning

343. The dynamic surface between land and sea.

a. Coastal zone

344. Worldwide, the key problems confronting the coastal zone are, except:
a. Poaching

345. It is defined as a “continuous and dynamic process by which decisions are made for the
sustainable use, development and protection of coastal and marine areas and resources”.
a. Integrated Coastal zone management (ICM)

346. It aims to map out present and future uses to provide long-term vision and specific
courses of actions.
a. Area planning

347. It includes programs that are appropriate and compatible, suchas ecotourism
and environment-friendly fishing practices.
 a. Promotion of economic development

348. Users must protect the ecological base of coastal areas and
preservebiodiversity.
a. Stewardship of resources

349. It aims to harmonize existing and potential uses, as well as to reduce

conflictsamong competing stakeholders.
a. Conflict of resolution

350. This is protection from both natural and artificial hazards.

a. Protection of public safety

351. __________is located in the northwestern part of Luzon bordering the South China Sea, within
latitudes 16o00’ N and 16o40’ N and longitudes 119o55’ E and 120o25’ E.
a. Lingayen gulf

352. What is the total area of Lingayen Gul, of which it is mostly shallow, with about 90% of
its area below 90 m?
a. 2,085 km2

353. It is the sector of Lingayen Gulf which extends from Cape Bolinao to Sual, characterized
by coral reefs and seagrass beds.
a. Sector I (western coast)

354. It is the sector of Lingayen Gulf which extends from Sual to Damortis, characterized by
muddy substrate, mangroves and nipa swamps, and where aquaculture activities are
concentrated.
a. Sector II (inner coast)
355. It is the sector of Lingayen Gulf which is bounded by the coast of La Union,
characterized by generally softand muddy substrate.
a. Sector III (eastern coast)
356. Lingayen Gulf is a major traditional fishing ground in the Philippines. It supplies fish and
fishery productsto coastal inhabitants in the gulf as well as many parts of northwestern
Luzon.
a. Lingayen gulf

357. The main problems impacting fisheries in Lingayen gulf

a. Overfishing
b. Degradation of coastal habitats
c. All of the above

358. It is located in the Bicol region on the Pacific coast of Luzon at around 14o N latitude and
123o E longitude.
a. San Miguel bay

359. Also known as scissor net

a. Push net

360. Family of tunsoy.

a. Clupeidae

361. The main legal and institutional framework that ensures conservation, protection and
sustainable management of the fishery resources of Honda Bay:
a. R.A 8550

b. R.A 7611

c. Both a and b
362. It is considered as the “last frontier of natural resources in the country”.

a. Palawan

363. It located between 11 and 12º N latitude and 123 and 124º E longitude, is an entirely
neritic body of water measuring approximately 10,000 km2.
a. Visayan Sea

364.It is located on the northeastern shore of Mindanao in the province of Misamis

Occidental. The bay is generally shallow but is composed of highly productive mangroves,
mudflats, coral reefs and seagrass beds.
a. Danao Bay

365. It was selected as the third best managed reef in the Philippines for the International
Year of the Reef in 1997.
a. Danao Bay Reef

366. It located in northwestern Mindanao is shared by the provinces of Lanao del Norte and
Misamis Occidental (Region 10) and Zamboanga del Sur (Region 9).
a. Panguil bay

367. Scientific name of Oil Sardine

a. Sardinella longiceps

368. It is made up of very fine mesh net which can filter even tiny larvae of the species. It is
known to damage the overall fisheries of the bay.
a. Sanggab (giant Filter net)
369. The removal of immature crustaceans has contributed to decline of spawning
populations.
a. Recruitment overfishing

370. This type of gillnets is designed to catch crabs and shrimps, also known as
panglambayand pamasayan.
a. Bottom-set gillnets
371. This type of gillnets includes pambolinao or panamban are designed to catch anchovies
and sardines respectively.
b. Surface gillnets
c. Both b and d
d. Drift gillnets
372. The geographic setting of Sulu-SuluwesiMrarine Ecoregion (SSME) is unique as it
includes portions of three countries, namely?
a. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

373. The consensus is that Philippine marine fisheries today

arecharacterized by the following:
1. depleted fishery resources;
2. degraded coastal environment and critical fisheries habitats;
3. low catches/incomes and dissipated resource rents;
4. physical losses and/or reduced value of catchesdue to improper post-harvest
practices andinefficient marketing;
5. inequitable distribution of benefits from resource use;
6. intersectoral and intersectoral conflicts;
7. poverty among small-scale fishers; and
8. inadequate systems and structures for fisheriesmanagement.

Which of the following is/are biophysical impacts?

a. 1 and 2
*Depleted fishery resources
*Degraded coastal environment and critical fisheries habitats

Which of the following issues is/are economic in nature?

a. 3 and 4
*Low catches/incomes and dissipated resource rents
*Physical losses and/or reduced value of catchesdue to improper post-harvest
practices and inefficient marketing
Which of the following is/are social issues?
a. 5-7
*Inequitable distribution of benefits from resource use
*Intersectoral and intersectoral conflicts
*Poverty among small-scale fishers

Which of the following is/are institutional issues?

a. 8
*Inadequate systems and structures for fisheriesmanagement