Lesson 3- Forming and Writing Logical Conclusions

Learning Target

In this module, you are expected to form and write logical conclusions of your
research study.

These are some information to help you understand the ways to end your
research study with your conclusions.

A well-written conclusion provides you with important opportunities to

demonstrate to the reader your understanding of the research problem. According to
Bunton (2005), these will include the following:

1. Present the last word on the issues or gaps raised in your paper. Just as the
introduction gives a first impression to your reader, the conclusion offers a chance
to leave a lasting impression. You can do this by highlighting key points in your
analysis or results or by noting important or unexpected implications applied to
practice.
2. Summarize your thought and convey the larger significance of your study.
The conclusion is an opportunity to concisely answer the “So What?” question by
placing the study within the context of past research about the topic you’ve
investigated.
3. Identify how a gap in the literature has been addressed. The conclusion can
be where you describe how a previously identified gap in the literature has been
filled by your research.
4. Demonstrate the importance of your ideas. The conclusion offers you the
opportunity to elaborate on the impact and significance of your findings.
5. Introduce possible new or expanded ways of thinking about the research
problem. This does not refer to introducing new information but to offer new
insights and creative approaches for framing or contextualizing the research
problem based on the results of your study.

In writing the conclusion of your paper, the following general rules are
suggested:
a. State your conclusion clearly in simple language. State how your findings differ
or support those others and why.
b. Do not simply reiterate your results or the discussion of your results. Provide
a synthesis of arguments presented in the paper to show how these converge
to address the research problem and the overall objectives of your study.
c. Indicate opportunities for future research if you haven’t already done so in the
discussion section of your paper. Highlighting the need for further research
provides the reader with evidence that you have an in-depth awareness of the
research problem.

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Consider the following points to help ensure your conclusion is appropriate:
1. If the argument or purpose of your paper is complex, you may need to
summarize the argument for your reader.
2. If prior to your conclusion, you have not yet explained the significance of your
findings or if you are proceeding inductively, use the end of your paper to
describe your main points and explain their significance.
3. Move from detailed to a general level of consideration that returns the topic to
the context provided by the introduction or within a new context that emerges
from the data.

CONCLUSIONS
Essentially, the conclusion contains insights drawn from the findings of each
problem. These insights answer the questions presented at the beginning of the
research paper. However, the conclusion to be drawn should not come from the
indirect implications of the study. It should be limited within the information actually
yielded by the conducted investigations.
The following are the conclusions of a research conducted to Le Thanh Hien High
School students in Vietnam on speaking anxiety.

Findings Conclusions
1. The students were not given 1. Students spoke very little or
enough time to prepare for a not at all
speaking task before the task
was performed.
2. When the students were asked to 2. Students could not think of
work in groups, not all of them anything to say
were eager to contribute their
opinions in English. Some of
them participated actively but the
others spoke very little or not at
all.
3. They tended to use Vietnamese 3. Students used Vietnamese
when they discussed in groups. instead of English when
they discuss in groups or in
pairs.
4. While the students were making 4. Students’ participation was
performances, the other students low or uneven.
in class did not listen attentively.
They even chatted with the
people next to them when their
classmates were speaking.

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 5. The students looked very nervous 5. Students did not have
when they spoke in front of the motivation to express
class. Sometimes, they did not themselves.
know what to say then kept silent.

Forming and Writing Conclusions

Observe the following rubrics for Activity 1: Rubrics:
Content ------------------------------------------------------ 30
Organization of the Content --------------------------- 30
Presentation of Ideas ------------------------------------ 20
Completeness of Presentation ------------------------ 20
Total ---------------------------------------------------------100 points

Activity 1: Freedom of Conclusion

Try to express your ideas on possible conclusions given the title and stated
findings of the given study. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
Title: Chasing Death: Factors Influencing a Person to Commit Suicide in Pamplona,
Camarines Sur.

Findings:
1. The researchers found out that majority of the suicide victims in Pamplona
Camarines Sur are male.
2. The researchers found out that most of them are adults.
3. The researchers found out that most of the suicide victims in Pamplona,
Camarines Sur are single.

Conclusions:
1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________

Activity 2

Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. Write your answer in
a separate sheet of paper.

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_____1. To draw conclusions from evidence, look closely at the data or evidence
presented and consider carefully how the evidence was obtained.
_____2. The data and other evidence along with the question and answer choices lead
you to the conclusion.
_____3. Conclusion is not a summary of the researchers’ findings.
_____4. The purpose of results section is to present and illustrate the findings.
_____5. Make the conclusion section a completely subjective report of the results, and
use all interpretation for the discussion.
_____6. Conclusions provide a context, such as by describing the question that was
addressed by making a particular observation.
_____7. Conclusion does not describe results of control experiment.
_____8. Conclusion includes observations that are not presented in a formal figure or
table.
_____9. The conclusion to be drawn should not come from the indirect implications of
the study.
_____10. Conclusion section should not be stated in a way that reader will in no way
doubt the correctness of the entire research study.

Activity 3
Provide the needed statements on the following items: Write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What is a recommendation?
2. Give an example of a research study title.
3. Provide the findings and conclusions of the given research study.

Conclusions
It is a part of the study that contains insight drawn from findings in each
subproblem and summarizes the principal features of the study