Chemistry Project

Determination of Contents of Cold

Drinks

Project Prepared by –
KRIDEY JANGRA
XII – D
Session: 2022-2023
EKYA SCHOOL ITPL

CERTIFICATE

It is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine

investigation work has been carried out to investigate
about the subject matter and the related data collection
and investigation has been completed solely and
satisfactorily by Kridey Janga of CLASS XII D, Ekya School
ITPL, regarding his project titled “Determination of
contents of Soft Drink”.

Date:

(Chemistry teacher) External Examiner

Principal signature
 *Acknowledgement
It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere
thanks to my chemistry teacher Mr.Binesh Thomas sir in
providing a helping hand in this project. His valuable
guidance, support and supervision all through this project
are responsible for attaining its present form. I would also
like to thank my parents as they encouraged me to put
forward my project.
TEACHER SIGNATURE

*Contents*
1. Introduction
2. Theory
3. Aim
4. Apparatus
5. Chemicals Required
6. Detection of pH
7. Test for Carbon Dioxide
VIII. Test for Glucose
1. Test for Phosphate
2. Test for Alcohol
3. Test for Sucrose
4. Result
XIII. Precautions
XIV. Conclusion
5. Bibliography

*Introduction
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization in India marked its beginning with
launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group of
companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was
highly profitable and luring, many multinational
companies launched their brands in India like Pepsi
and Coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that majority of
people viewed Sprite, Fanta and Limca to give
feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to
activate pulse and brain.

*Theory*
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft
drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste
which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the
formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid
which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are
the naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source
of energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is CX
(H2O)Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified
as:-
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in
the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is
one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which
contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %
sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is
produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing
in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic
in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH
value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such
as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
*Aim*
Comparitive Study and Qualitative Analysis
of different brands of Cold Drinks

available in market.
*Apparatus*
⦁ Test Tubes

⦁ Test Tube Holder

⦁ Test Tube Stand

⦁ Stop Watch

⦁ Beaker

⦁ Bunsen Burner

⦁ pH Paper

⦁ Tripod Stand

⦁ China Dish

⦁ Wire Gauge
⦁ Water Bath

*Chemicals Required*
⦁ Iodine Solution

⦁ Potassium Iodide

⦁ Sodium Hydroxide

⦁ Lime Water

⦁ Fehling’s A & B Solution

⦁ Concentrated Nitric Acid

⦁ Benedict Solution

*Detection Of pH*

Experiment
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and put on the pH paper. The change in colour of pH paper was noticed
and was compared with standard pH scale.

Observation
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Colour pH Value
1 Coca Cola Pinkish 2–3
2 Sprite Dark Orange 3
3 Limca Light Orange 4
5 Fanta Orange 3–
4

Inference
Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric
acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drinks of different
brand are different due to the variation in amount of acidic
content.

*Test For Carbon Dioxide*

Experiment
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples were
passed through lime water. The lime water turned milky.

Observation
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Time Taken (sec)
Conclusion
1 Coca Cola 28 CO2 IS
PRESENT
2 Sprite 27 CO2 IS
PRESENT
3 Limca 38 CO2 IS
PRESENT
4 Fanta 36 CO2 IS
PRESENT

Inference
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in
water. The carbon
dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid,
which is responsible for its tangy taste.

Chemical Reaction
Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l)

*Test For Glucose*

Experiment
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following
test:-
1.Benedict’s Reagent Test
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was
heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence
of glucose in cold drinks.
Observation
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation
Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Reddish Colour Precipitate Glucose
is Present
2 Sprite Reddish Colour Precipitate
Glucose is Present
3 Limca Reddish Colour Precipitate
Glucose is Present
4 Fanta Reddish Colour Precipitate
Glucose is Present

Inference
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s
reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.

2. Fehling’s Solution Test

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added
in equal amount. The test tube was heated in water bath for 10 minutes.
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold
drinks.

Observation
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation
Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Reddish Brown Precipitate Glucose
is Present
2 Sprite Reddish Brown Precipitate Glucose
is Present
3 Limca Reddish Brown Precipitate Glucose
is Present
4 Fanta Reddish Brown Precipitate Glucose
is Present

Inference
All samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B)
solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
*Test For Phosphate*

Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test
tubes and Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid
(HNO3) was added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-
yellow precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.

Observation
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation
Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Canary Yellow Precipitate
Phosphate is Present
2 Sprite Canary Yellow Precipitate
Phosphate is Present
3 Limca Canary Yellow Precipitate
Phosphate is Present
4 Fanta Canary Yellow Precipitate
Phosphate is Present

Inference
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions.
Hence all the cold drinks contain phosphate.

*Test For Alcohol*

Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test
tubes and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide
(NaOH) solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were
heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow coloured
precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks.

Observation
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation
Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is
Present
2 Sprite Yellow Precipitate Alcohol
is Present
3 Limca Yellow Precipitate Alcohol
is Present
4 Fanta Yellow Precipitate Alcohol
is Present

Inference
All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the cold
drinks contain alcohol.

Chemical Reaction
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH → CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O

*Test for Sucrose*

Experiment
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate
china dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur.
Black coloured residue left confirmed the presence of sucrose in
cold drinks.

Observation
Sr. No.Name Of The Drink Observation
Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Black Residue
Sucrose is Present
2 Sprite Black Residue Sucrose
is Present
3 Limca Black Residue Sucrose
is Present
4 Fanta Black Residue Sucrose
is Present

Inference
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of
sucrose varies in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest
amount of sucrose.

*Result*
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of
cold drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All
cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different
brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four
brands taken.

Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the
maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the
minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

*Precautions*
Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are –
1. Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense
care.
2. Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each
experiment.
3. If possible, one should wear hand gloves to prevent from any
possible damage.
4. If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush
immediately with copious amounts of water.
5. Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you
leave your workstation.
6. Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are heating at
yourself or your neighbour.

*Conclusion*
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As
they contain sugar in large amount which cause problems in
diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the
body’s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are
also harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8.
So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck
must use the hazardous matter place cards reserved for
highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very
harmful to our body.

USES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove
grease from clothes. They can loose a rusted bolt also.

IMAGES
*Bibliography*
Following books and websites were a source for my project .
www. Google.com
www.Wikipedia.com
www. Icbse.com
www. Unoregon.edu