1- T 

          Discourse analysis is concerned with the study of the relationship between language
and the contexts in which it is used.
1- F  The term text refers to language in action.
2- T            Discourse analysts study language in use: written texts of all kinds and spoken
data, from conversation to highly institutionalized forms of talk.
3- F The British work in discourse analysis has produced a large number of
description of discourse types, as well as insights into the social constraints of
politeness and face-preserving phenomena in talk, overlapping with British work
in pragmatics.
4- F The American work in discourse analysis has principally followed structural-
linguistic criteria, on the basis of the isolation of units, and sets of rules defining well-
formed sequences of discourse.
5- T            A text or a piece of discourse  h a s   unity and should form a meaningful whole.
6- T            Cohesion is the formal links that mark various types of inter-
clause and inter-sentence relationships within discourse.
7- T            Cohesive devices help a text to be cohesive.
8- T            Cohesion can be grammatical or lexical.
9- F There are only three types of cohesion: reference, substitution and ellipsis.
10- F Reference as defined by Halliday and Hasan as the use of conjunctions to link
parts of a text or discourse together.
11- F Reference can be of three types: a-lexical, b-comparative and c- causal.
12- F Personal reference is by means of demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.
13- F In “There is a man over there.  He is my friend.”, the word He is used as a
cohesive device of exophoric reference.
14- F Demonstrative reference involves the use of comparative adjectives.
15- T          In “Nam lives in Hue. He is married.”, the word He is a personal pronoun is used as
a cohesive device of personal reference.
16- F Demonstrative reference is used as a cohesive device in “Are  you going to
the conference? If so, we could travel together.” with the word so.
17- T          Substitution is defined as a grammatical relation where one
linguistic item substitutes for a longer one.
18- T          Substitution is of three types: a-nominal, b-verbal and c-clausal.
19- T          Nominal substitution is by means of one or ones.
20- F Verbal substitution is by means of so or not.
21- F Clausal substitution is by means of one or ones.
22- F Nominal substitution is used in:
A: Is there going to be a snow-fall. B: I think not.
23- F Clausal substitution is used in:” These biscuits are stale.   Get me some fresh
 ones.”
24- F Ellipsis is the use of a personal pronoun as a cohesive device.
25- F Verbal ellipsis involves the omission of the head of a noun phrase,
sometimes together with some modifiers.
26- F Verbal ellipsis is used as a cohesive device in:
A: Which hat will you wear? B: This is the nicest.
27- F Nominal ellipsis involves the omission of the lexical verb from
the verb phrase, and possibly an auxiliary or two, recoverable from a
previous verb phrase.
28- T          In “Many OAPs  still  have a hard time making ends meet-but some are sitting on
a  small fortune. During the  last property boom they saw the value of their
home  soar.”, some is used as a cohesive device of nominal ellipsis.
29- T          Clausal ellipsis is used in:
A: Who was playing the piano? B: Peter was.
30- F Temporal conjunctions draw a contrast between the sentence they introduce
or are contained in the preceding sentence with which they form
a cohesive relationship.
31- T          There are two broad types of lexical cohesion: reiteration and collocation.
32- F In “Henry ‘s bought himself a new  Jaguar. He practically lives  in
the car”, the superordinate term car is used as a cohesive device of personal reference.
33- F In reiteration, a conjunction is used in successive,
though not necessarily contiguous sentences.
34- T          In “I turned to the ascent of the peak.    The climb  was perfectly easy”, the
word climb is used as a cohesive device of reiteration.
35- T          Collocation as a type of lexical cohesion refers to the habitual company which
words keep.
36- T          Collocation can involve the related words in a lexical field.
37- T          A cohesion results, from the occurrence of a word’s collocates, as
well as   from  occurrences of  itself,  its synonyms  or its superordinate terms.
38- F Cohesion alone is enough to make a text coherent
39- T          Coherence is the degree to which a piece of discourse makes sense.
40- T          The information structure can be used as a cohesive device for a text.
41- T          Any utterance or sentence can be said to contain
obligatory given / old information and compulsory new information.
42- F In the information structure, the   new   information   is   not compulsory.  It is the
information already known to the listener or the reader.
43- T          The given information is contained in the definite expression in an
information structure.
44- F Given /  old  information is the  information not known by the
 reader or the lisnener.
45- F In the information structure, the new typically precedes the given.
46- T          The information structure in a text / piece of discourse   partly
contributes to the coherence of a text / discourse
47- T          The thematic structure consists of the theme and the rheme elements.
48- T          Rheme is a formal grammatical category which refers to the initial element in
a clause.
49- T          The theme is the element which serves as the point of departure
of the message: it is that with which the clause is concerned.
50- F Everything that follows the rheme is the theme.
51- T          Thematic progression refers to the way in which the theme of
a clause may pick up or repeat a meaning from a preceding theme or rheme.
52- T          Thematic progression is a method of development of a text.   It
partly contributes to the coherence of discourse.
53- T          Thematic progression may be of three kinds: a-zigzag theme, b-
theme reiteration and c-multiple theme / split rheme.
54- F In the passage “The bat is a nocturnal animal.    It lives in the dark.   Bats hunts at
night. They sleep the day and are very shy. “, the zig-zag theme pattern is used as
a cohesive means.
55- F In the passage:” Nam sits over there.   He is my friend.   He is a
doctor.” The multiple theme pattern is used as a cohesive device.
56- T          Texts may also contain a multiple theme or split rheme pattern. In this pattern,
a rheme may include a number of different pieces of information, each of which may
be picked up as the theme in a number of subsequent clauses.
57- T          Genres are types of spoken and written discourse recognized by a
discourse community.
58- T          Text types normally have schematic structures.
59- F R e p o r t   as a type of genre is used to tell someone to
do or make  something,  to  describe  how  something  is  accomplished through
a sequence of steps or actions.
60- T          The schematic structure of instruction is: 1-goal, 2-(materials)
and 3-steps.

1- T           Discourse analysis is concerned with the study of the relationship between language and
 the contexts in which it is used.
1- F  Verbal substitution is by means of so or not.
2- F Verbal ellipsis is used as a cohesive device in:
A: Which hat  will you  wear? B: This is the nicest.
3- F Verbal ellipsis involves the omission of the head of a noun phrase,
sometimes together with some modifiers.
4- T            There are two broad types of lexical cohesion: reiteration and collocation.
5- F There are only three types of cohesion: reference, substitution and ellipsis.
6- T            Thematic progression refers to the way in which the theme of
a clause may pick up or repeat a meaning from a preceding theme or rheme.
7- T            Thematic progression may be of three kinds: a-zigzag theme, b-
theme reiteration and c-multiple theme / split rheme.
8- T            Thematic progression is a method of development of a text.   It
partly contributes to the coherence of discourse.
9- T            The theme is the element which serves as the point of departure
of the message: it is that with which the clause is concerned.
10- T          The thematic structure consists of the theme and the rheme elements.
11- F The term text refers to language in action.
12- T          The information structure in a text / piece of discourse   partly
contributes to the coherence of a text / discourse
13- T          The information structure can be used as a cohesive device for a text.
14- F The given information is contained in the definite expression in an
information structure.
15- F The British work in  discourse  analysis  has  produced  a  large number of
description of discourse types, as well as insights into
the  social  constraints  of  politeness  and  face-preserving phenomena in talk,
overlapping with British work in pragmatics.
16- F The American work in discourse analysis has principally followed structural-
linguistic criteria, on the basis of the isolation of units, and sets of rules defining
well-formed sequences of discourse.
17- T          Texts may also contain a multiple theme or split rheme pattern. In this pattern,
a rheme may include a number of different pieces of
information, each of which may be picked up as the theme in a
number of subsequent clauses.
18- T          Text types normally have schematic structures.
19- F Temporal conjunctions draw a contrast between the sentence they introduce
or are contained in the preceding sentence with which they form
a cohesive relationship.
20- T          Substitution is of three types: a-nominal, b-verbal and c-clausal.
21- T          Substitution is defined as a grammatical relation where one linguistic item substitutes
for a longer one.
22- F Rheme is a formal grammatical category which refers to the initial element in a clause.
23- F Reference can be of three types: a-lexical, b-comparative and c- causal.
24- F Reference as defined by Halliday and Hasan as the use of conjunctions to link
parts of a text or discourse together.
25- F D e s c r i p t i o n   as a type of genre is used to tell someone to
do or make  something,  to  describe  how  something  is  accomplished through
a sequence of steps or actions.
26- F Personal reference is by means of demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.
27- F Nominal substitution is used in:
A: Is there going to be a  snow-fall. B: I think  not.
28- T          Nominal substitution is by means of one or ones.
29- F Nominal ellipsis involves the omission of the lexical verb from
the verb phrase, and possibly an auxiliary or two, recoverable from a
previous verb phrase.
30- F In the passage:” Nam sits over there.   He is my friend.   He is a
doctor.” The multiple theme pattern is used as a cohesive device.
31- F In the passage “The bat is a nocturnal animal.    It lives in the dark.   Bats hunts at
night. They sleep the day and are very shy. “, the zig-zag theme
pattern is used as a cohesive means.
32- F In the information structure, the new typically precedes the given.
33- F In the information structure, the   new   information   is   not compulsory.  It is the
information already known to the listener or the reader.
34- F In reiteration, a conjunction is used in successive,
though not necessarily contiguous sentences.
35- F In “There is a man over there.  He is my friend.”, the word He is used as a cohesive
device of exophoric reference.
36- T          In “Nam lives in Hue. He is married.”, He is a personal pronoun used as a cohesive
device of personal reference.
37- F In “Many OAPs still have a hard time making  ends meet-but some are sitting on
a  small fortune. During the  last property boom they saw the value of their
home  soar.”, some is used as a cohesive device of verbal ellipsis.
38- T          In “I turned to the ascent of the peak.    The climb was perfectly easy”, the
word climb is used as a cohesive device of reiteration.
39- F In “Henry  ‘s bought himself a new Jaguar. He practically lives in the car”,
the superordinate term car is used as a cohesive device of personal reference.
40- F Given /  old  information is the  information not known by the
reader or the listener.
41- T          Genres are types of spoken and written discourse recognized by a
discourse community.
42- F Everything that follows the rheme is the theme.
43- F Ellipsis is the use of a personal pronoun as a cohesive device.
44- T          Discourse analysts study language in use: written texts of all kinds and spoken
data, from conversation to highly institutionalized forms of talk.
45- F Demonstrative reference is used as a cohesive device in “Are you going to
the conference? If so, we could travel together.” with the word so.
46- F Demonstrative reference involves the use of comparative adjectives.
47- T          Collocation can involve the related words in a lexical field.
48- T          Collocation as a type of lexical cohesion refers to the habitual company which words
keep.
49- T          Cohesive devices help a text to be cohesive.
50- T          Cohesion is the formal links that mark various types of inter-
clause and inter-sentence relationships within discourse.
51- T          Cohesion can be grammatical or lexical.
52- F Cohesion alone is enough to make a text coherent
53- T          Coherence is the degree to which a piece of discourse makes sense.
54- F Clausal substitution is used in:” These biscuits are stale.   Get me some fresh ones.”
55- F Clausal substitution is by means of one or ones.
56- T          Clausal ellipsis is used in:
A: Who was playing the piano? B: Peter was.
57- T          Any utterance or sentence can be said to contain
obligatory given / old information and compulsory new information.
58- T          A text or a piece of discourse  h a s   unity and should form a meaningful whole.
59- T          A cohesion results, from the occurrence of a word’s collocates, as well as    from
occurrences of itself, its synonyms or its superordinate terms.
60- F The schematic structure of instruction is: 1-phenomonon and 2-explanation.