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INCH-POUND
MIL-DTL-27426C
22 SEPTEMBER 1998
SUPERSEDING
MIL-DTL-27426B
27 SEPTEMBER 1997

DETAIL SPECIFICATION

RINGS, RETAINING, SPIRAL

(UNIFORM CROSS SECTION)

This specification is approved for use by all

Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. SCOPE

1.1 Scope. This specification covers the procurement requirements for uniform
cross section spiral retaining rings used on shafts and in bearing housings.

1.2 Classification. Retaining rings will conform to one of the following

classifications and codes as specified (see 6.3).

Type 2A01 - Medium Duty External Rings

Type 2A02 - Heavy Duty External Rings
Type 2B01 - Medium Duty Internal Rings
Type 2B02 - Heavy Duty Internal Rings

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3
and 4 of this specification. This section does not include documents in other sections
of this specification or recommended for additional information or as examples. While
every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are
cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements documents cited in sections 3
and 4 of this specification, whether or not they are listed.

2.2 Government documents.

2.2.1 Specifications, standards and handbooks . The following specifications,

standards and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein.
Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those listed in the issue
of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DODISS) and
supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.2).

Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data

which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to : the Defense
Industrial Supply Center, (Code DISC-AESD), 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA
19111-5096, by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426)
appearing at the end of this document or by letter.

AMSC N/A FSC 5325

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A . Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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SPECIFICATIONS

FEDERAL

QQ-P-35 - Passivation Treatments for Austenitic, Ferritic, and

Corrosion-Resisting Steel (Fastening Devices)
QQ-P-416 - Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited)
PPP-H-1581 - Hardware (Fasteners and Related Items), Packaging and
Packing for Shipment and Storage of. (Reference)

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

DOD-P-16232 - Phosphate Coating, heavy, Manganese or Zinc Base

( for Ferrous Metals)
MIL-DTL-27426/1 - Rings, Retaining, Spiral (Uniform Cross Section)
Medium Duty External
MIL-DTL-27426/2 - Rings, Retaining, Spiral (Uniform Cross Section)
Heavy Duty External
MIL-DTL-27426/3 - Rings, Retaining, Spiral (Uniform Cross Section)
Medium Duty Internal
MIL-DTL-27426/4 - Rings, Retaining, Spiral (Uniform Cross Section)
Heavy Duty Internal

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of specifications, standards and handbooks are

available from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins avenue, Building
4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)

2.3 Non-Government publications . The following document forms a part of this

specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues
of the documents which are DoD adopted will be those listed in the issue of the DODISS
specified in the solicitation. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of documents not
listed in the DODISS are the issue of the documents cited in the solicitation (see
6.2).

AMERICAN NATIONAL STA NDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)

ANSI B27.6 - General Purpose Uniform Cross Section Spiral

Retaining Rings.

ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 - Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection

by Attributes.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American National Standards

Institute, Inc., 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.)

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM B197 - Specification for Copper-Beryllium Alloy Wire

ASTM E18 - Test for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials (DoD Adopted)

(Copies of ASTM publication may be obtained from the American Society for Testing
and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187.)

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SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ERS

AS3215 - Ring, Retaining-Spiral, Internal, Heavy Duty, CRES

AS3216 - Ring, Retaining-Spiral, External, Heavy Duty, CRES
AS3217 - Ring, Retaining-Spiral, Internal, Light Duty, CRES
AS3218 - Ring, Retaining-Spiral, External, Light Duty, CRES
AS3219 - Ring, Retaining, Spiral, Minimum Distortion,
Dimensional and Acceptance Standard for
SAE 1070-1090 - Steel, Carbon, Strip, Cold Rolled, Hardened and
Tempered, Spring Quality
SAE AMS 5866 - Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Flat Wire 18Cr – 9.0 Ni
(SAE 30302) Spring Temper (UNS S30200)

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Society of Automotive

Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001).

(Non-Government Standards and other publications are normally available from the
organizations that prepare or distribute the documents. These documents also may be
available in or through libraries or other informational services).

2.4 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this
document and the references cited herein (except for related associated specifications,
specification sheets, or MS standards), the text of this document takes precedence.
Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a
specific exemption has been obtained.

3. REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Materials. Material used in the manufacture of retaining rings shall be

either carbon steel, corrosion-resisting steel, or copper-beryllium alloy as specified
in the contract or purchase order (see 6.2).

3.1.1 Carbon steel. Carbon steel used in the manufacture of retaining rings
shall conform to the requirements of SAE 1070-1090, AISI Grade designation C1070
through C1090 inclusive.

3.1.2 Corrosion-resisting steel . Corrosion-resisting steel used in the

manufacture of retaining rings shall conform to the requirements of AMS 5866.

3.1.3 Copper-beryllium alloy . Copper-beryllium alloy used in the manufacture of

retaining rings shall conform to ASTM B197, alloy number C17200.

3.2 Physical requirements . Retaining rings shall conform to the appropriate

physical requirements specified in 3.2.1 through 3.2.3 for the type, material, and
size of ring specified (see 6.2).

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3.2.1 Carbon steel rings. Carbon steel retaining rings shall have a tensile
strength and a hardness conforming to ANSI B27.6 (reference).

3.2.2 Corrosion-resisting steel rings . Corrosion resisting steel retaining

rings shall meet the physical requirements of AMS5866. Material shall not be rejected
on the basis of hardness, provided that the tensile strength requirements are met.

3.2.3 Copper-beryllium alloy rings . Material used to manufacture copper-

beryllium alloy retaining rings shall meet the tensile requirements of ASTM B197.

3.3 Protective Finish. Protective finish shall conform to 3.3.1, 3.3.2 or 3.3.3
as specified in the contract or purchase order (see 6.2).

3.3.1 Cadmium plating. Cadmium plating shall be in accordance with QQ-P-416,

Type II, Class 2. NOTE: Use of this finish is not recommended.

3.3.2 Phosphate coating. Phosphate coating shall be in accordance with DOD-P-

16232, Type Z, Class 2.

3.3.3 Passivation. Corrosion-resisting steel rings shall be passivated in

accordance with QQ-P-35.

3.4 Design. The design, shape, mechanical requirements, and dimensions of

retaining rings furnished under this specification shall conform to all the
requirements specified in 3.4.1 through 3.4.9 for the applicable type, class, and size
of ring.

3.4.1 Type 2A01 rings. Type 2A01 rings shall conform to the dimensions,
tolerance and requirements specified in MIL-DTL-27426/1.

3.4.2 Type 2A02 rings. Type 2A02 rings shall conform to the dimensions,
tolerances and requirements specified in MIL-DTL-27426/2.

3.4.3 Type 2B01 rings. Type 2B01 rings shall conform to the dimensions,
tolerances and requirements specified in MIL-DTL-27426/3.

3.4.4 Type 2B02 rings. Type 2B02 rings shall conform to the dimensions,
tolerances and requirements specified in MIL-DTL-27426/4.

3.4.5 Notches and slots. All rings shall be either notched in accordance with
3.4.5.1 or slotted to facilitate removal of the rings from the grooves, using a
screwdriver or similar common type tool. Special removal tools shall not be required.
Ring sizes 2.750 inches and smaller shall be notched. Unless specified in contract or
order (see 6.2), ring sizes 2.812 inches and larger may be notched or slotted at the
option of the manufacturer.

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3.4.5.1 Notches. Notches in the rings shall conform to AS3215 through AS3218 as
appropriate to the type of ring.

3.4.6 Edges. The I.D. and O. D. circumferential edges of the ring material
shall be rounded. These edges shall be free from burrs, slivers, dents, nicks, cracks
and other irregularities that may adversely affect the ring performance. Unless
otherwise stipulated in the contract, burrs at the end and notch areas of the ring are
acceptable within the limits shown in Table I.

TABLE I
MATERIAL THICKNESS MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE BURR
(AT NOTCH ENDS ONLY)
.009” TO .018” .002”
.019” TO .030” .003”
.031” TO .043” .004”
.044” AND OVER .005”

3.4.7 Crimp. Unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, rings shall be

crimped according to Table II.

TABLE II
RING TYPE RING SIZES – NOT CRIMPED RING SIZES – CRIMPED
DASH NUMBERS DASH NUMBERS
2A01 0100 – 0136 0137 - 0247
2A02 0100 – 0106 0107 – 0206
2B01 0100 – 0138 0139 – 0261
2B02 0100 - 0105 0106 - 0212

3.4.7.1 Crimp Height. The crimp height is equal to the ring thickness with the
tolerances shown in Table III.

TABLE III
RING THICKNESS CRIMP HEIGHT TOLERANCE
.000” - .044” +.002”/-.004”
.045” - .066” +.003”/-.005”
.067” AND OVER +.005”/-.007”

3.4.7.2 Crimp length and radius . The crimp length and radius shall meet the
specifications shown in Table IV.

TABLE IV
MATERIAL THICKNESS CRIMP LENGTH CRIMP RADIUS
UP TO .021” .095” MAX .015
.022” - .031” .187” MAX. .015
.032” - .055” .218” MAX. .031
.056” TO .080” .312” MAX. .031
.081” AND OVER .375” MAX. .031

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3.4.8 Dish. Dish shall be considered the height difference in the ring cross-
sections axis of symmetry between the I.D. and O.D. as illustrated in
Figure 1. Dish shall be minimized to the extent possible and not exceed the values of
Table V.

FIGURE 1

TABLE V
RING RADIAL WALL MAX. ALLOWABLE DISH
.000” - .039” .001”
.040” - .069” .002”
.070” - .099” .003”
.100” - .129” .004”
.130” - .159” .005”
.160” - .194” .006”
.195” – .224” .007”
.225” - .259” .008”
.260” - .294” .009”
.295” - .339” .010”
.340” - .394” .011”
.395” - .474” .012”
.475” - .649” .013”
.650” – 1.000” .014”

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3.4.9 Misalignment. Misalignment is defined as the radial mismatch between the

adjacent leaves of a retaining ring in the free state. This condition is illustrated
in Figure 2. Misalignment is based on the nominal shaft/housing diameter that the
retaining ring is designed for. Acceptable limits are shown in Table VI.

FIGURE 2

TABLE VI
NOMINAL HOUSING/SHAFT DIA. MAX. MISALIGNMENT
.50” – 1.00” .015”
1.01” – 2.00” .025”
2.01” – 6.00” .045”
6.01” – 10.00” .070”
10.01” – 15.00” .100”

3.5 Performance. Retaining rings shall pass the performance test of 4.2.4.2.

3.6 Workmanship. Workmanship shall be of a quality which will insure compliance

with all the requirements of this specification. Each retaining ring shall be free
from hanging burrs and slivers, gouges, porosity, cracks, objectionable scale, or any
other defects which may adversely affect the rings serviceability.

4. VERIFICATION

4.1 Classification of inspections . The inspection requirements specified herein

are classified as follows:

a. Conformance inspection . (See 4.2).

4.2 Conformance inspection . Conformance inspection shall include the

examination of 4.2.1 and 4.2.2.

4.2.1 Lot. A lot shall consist of all items of the same type, size, material,
and finish manufactured under essentially the same conditions.

4.2.2 Examination. Sample retaining rings shall be selected from each lot in
accordance with Table VII, C=0 sampling plan or ANSI/ASQC Z1.4, for examination in
accordance with 4.2.3.1 and 4.2.3.2

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4.2.3.1 Retaining rings. Sample retaining rings shall be visually and

dimensionally examined to verify compliance with the requirements of sections 3.4 and
3.6 of this specification. The rings shall be accepted or rejected in accordance with
the requirements of the C=0 Sample Plan (shown in Table VII) using an AQL level as
specified in Table VIII or ANSI/ASQC Z1.4.

4.2.3.2 Packaging inspection. The preservation, packing and marking shall be

inspected to verify conformance to the requirements of section 5.

4.2.4 Tests. A sample shall be selected from each lot and tested in accordance
to the requirements below. Acceptance will be a pass/fail criteria.

TABLE VII. C=0 SAMPLING PLAN

ASSOCIATED AQL .010 .015 .025 .040 .065 .10 .15 .25 .40 .65 1.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 6.5 10.0

LOT SIZE SAMPLE SIZE

2 TO 8 * * * * * * * * * * * * 5 3 2 2

9 TO 15 * * * * * * * * * * 13 8 5 3 2 2

16 TO 25 * * * * * * * * * 20 13 8 5 3 2 2

26 TO 50 * * * * * * * * 32 20 13 8 5 5 3 3

51 TO 90 * * * * * * 80 50 32 20 13 8 7 6 5 4

91 TO 150 * * * * * 125 80 50 32 20 13 12 11 7 5 5

151 TO 280 * * * * 200 125 80 50 32 20 20 19 13 10 6 6

281 TO 500 * * * 315 200 125 80 50 48 47 29 21 16 11 7 7

501 TO 1200 * 800 500 315 200 125 80 75 73 47 34 27 19 15 8 8

1201 TO 3200 1250 800 500 315 200 125 120 116 73 53 42 35 23 18 9 9

3201 TO 10,000 1250 800 500 315 200 192 189 116 86 68 50 38 29 22 11 9

10,001 TO 35,000 1250 800 500 315 300 294 189 135 108 77 60 46 35 29 13 9

35,001 TO 150,000 1250 800 500 490 476 294 218 170 123 96 74 56 40 29 15 9

150,001 TO 500,000 1250 800 750 715 476 345 270 200 156 119 90 64 40 29 15 9

500,001 AND OVER 1250 1200 1112 715 556 435 303 244 189 143 102 64 40 29 15 9

*Indicates entire lot must be inspected.

NOTE: The Acceptance Number in all cases is ZERO.

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Table VIII. C=0 Sampling Plan AQL Levels

Key Characteristics AQL Levels

Diameter Cpk 1.67 and above: 1.0

Cpk 1.66 to 1.00: .25
Cpk less than 1.00: 100% inspection
Major Characteristics

Thickness 4.0
Radial Wall 4.0
Burr 4.0
Dish 4.0
Misalignment 4.0
Crimp 4.0

Minor Characteristics

Notch Radius 10.0*

*Controlled by the tooling used.

4.2.4.1 Hardness test. Prior to forming the ring, a sample of each lot of raw
material to be used in the retaining rings shall be tested for conformance to the
hardness requirements specified in 3.2. The samples shall be tested for hardness using
the Test Method ASTM E18.

4.2.4.2 Performance. Retaining rings shall be capable of being inserted and

removed from grooves conforming to the dimensions and tolerances of the grooves for
which the ring was designed without showing indications of cracks, excessive permanent
set or distortion or other conditions detrimental to use of the rings. Sample ring
shall be inserted and removed a minimum of (5) times from a fixture with a groove
diameter conforming to the dimension and tolerance for which the ring was designed.
Upon completion of the test, the ring shall be visually and dimensionally checked. Any
indications of cracks or distoriton shall be cause for rejection. The amount of
permanent set acceptable for the ring shall be determined from the following formulas
shown below. Rings not meeting the minimum requirements for interference fits between
ring and groove shall be rejected.

H≥ 0.003(∅ C)
Where:

FOR EXTERNAL RINGS: H = ∅ C – ∅ G

H = Minimum interference fit between ring and groove after performance test.
∅ G = Maximum I. D. of ring as measured after performance test.
∅ C = Minimum groove diameter, external ring.

FOR INTERNAL RINGS: H = ∅ G – ∅ C

H = Minimum interference fit between ring and groove after performance test.
∅ G = Minimum O.D. of ring as measured after performance test.
∅ C = Maximum groove diameter, internal ring.

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4.2.4.3 Protective finish. When retaining rings are furnished with a

plating or coating (see 3.3), the thickness of the plating or coating shall be
determined in accordance with the applicable plating or coating specification.

5. PACKAGING

5.1 Packaging. For acquisition purposes, the packaging requirements shall

be as specified in the contract or order (see 6.2). When actual packaging of
material is to be performed by DoD personnel, these personnel need to contact the
responsible packaging activity to ascertain requisite packaging requirements.
Packaging requirements are maintained by the Inventory Control Point’s packaging
activity within the Military Department of Defense Agency, or within the Military
Department’s System Command. Packaging data retrievals available from the
managing Military department’s of Defense Agency’s automated packaging files, CD-
ROM products or by contacting the responsible packaging activity.

6. NOTES

6.1 Intended use. Retaining rings covered by this specification are

intended for internal and external retaining applications, such as positioning
and retaining bearings and springs in housings and on shafts, and for retaining
shafts in housings.

6.2 Acquisition requirements . Acquisition documents must specify the

following:

a. Title, number and date of this inspection.

b. Type, material, and size of rings (see 1.2.3.1 and 3.4).
c. Issue of DoDISS to be cited in the solicitation, and if required, the
specific issue of individual documents referenced (see 2.1 and 2.2).
d. Protective finish required (see 3.3).
e. Levels of preservation and packaging required (see 5.1).

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6.3 DESIGN INFORMATION

a. Definitions:

1) A = Shaft or housing diameter (in)

2) C = Groove diameter (in)
3) C1 = Percent change of ring diameter from free state to installed state/100.
4) D = Groove width (in)
5) Dg = Permanent groove deformation (in)
6) Dn = Free neutral ring diameter (in)
7) D1 = Depth of groove (in)
8) E = Ring radial wall (in)
9) F = Ring thickness (in)
10) G = Ring free O. D. or I. D. (in)
11) I = Moment of inertia T 1E3/12 (in 4)
12) K = Factor of safety (K=2 based on groove yield, K=3 based on ring shear)
13) L = Number of turns of ring
14) M = Modulus of elasticity ( psi)
15) N = Speed (rpm)
16) Ps = Allowable thrust load based on shear strength of material ( lbs)
17) Pt = Thrust load ( lbs)
18) Rg = Groove radius (in)
19) Ri = Free inside ring radius (in)
20) Rn = Dn/2 = Free neutral ring radius (in)
21) Ro = Free outside ring radius (in)
22) S = Installation stress ( psi)
23) Sc = Shear strength of groove material ( psi)
24) Ss = Shear strength of ring material ( psi)
25) Sy = Compressive yield strength of groove material ( psi)
26) T 1 = Material thickness (in)
27) Y = Distance of groove from end of shaft or housing (in)
28) σ = Allowable working stress ( psi)
29) φ = Allowable angle of deflection ( deg)
30) t1 = .019 (Frequency factor for 1 st harmonic)
31) t2 = .032 (Frequency factor for 2 nd harmonic)
32) γ= Specific weight of material (lbs/in 3)

b. Allowable thrust load capacity of the rings can be found with the equation
shown below. The value determined by this equation is valid under the following
conditions: 1) square corners at retained part and groove, 2) minimum clearance
between retained part and shaft/housing, 3) static loading conditions.

Allowable thrust based on shear strength of ring material, lbs.

Shaft or housing diameter, in.

Ring thickness, in.
Shear strength, psi

Ps = A F Ss π
K
Factor of Safety

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c. Axial deflection. The maximum stress on a ring, which is subjected to a

uniform twisting moment, is a tensile stress that occurs at the inner corner of the
ring. This stress makes the ring have a tendency to grow in diameter and become
dished. This moment is caused when the compressive yield strength of the groove
material is exceeded as illustrated in Figure 2.

FIGURE 2. Axial deflection.

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To calculate allowable deflection of the ring the equations are:

For Internal Rings

Ring deflection, degrees
Mean groove radius, in.
Allowable working stress, psi
Ring cling to groove bottom
Ring modulus of elasticity, psi
Ring radial wall, in

φ= 114.6 Rg σ + C1 M E
(1-C 1) Dn

L M T1
Number of
Mean ring Ring free
turns of
material neutral
ring
thickness, diameter, in.
in.

Min. ring free O. D., in.

Mean groove diameter, in.

Where C 1 = G - C
G

Dn = G - E Rg = C
2

(For the above equations, use the calculated value of φ if φ is below 18°. If φ is
equal to or greater than 18 °, use 18°.)

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For External Rings

Ring deflection, degrees

Mean groove radius, in.

Allowable working stress, psi
Ring cling to groove bottom
Ring modulus of elasticity, psi
Ring radial wall, in

φ = 114.6 Rg σ - C1 M E
(1+C 1) Dn

M T1

Mean ring Ring free

material neutral
thickness, diameter, in.
in.

Mean groove dia., in.

Max. ring free I. D. in.

C1 = C - G
G

Dn = G + E and Rg = C
2

(For the above equations, use the calculated value of φ if φ is below 18°. If φ is
equal to or greater than 18 °, use 18°.)

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d. The thrust load, based on groove yield, can be found with the following
equation:
Thrust load, lbs.
Shaft or housing diameter,
in.
Mean depth of groove, in.

Allowable angle of deflection, deg.

Pt = A Sy D1 Tan φ
(0.073)K
Factor of safety

Yield strength of groove material, psi

This equation is valid only if the load is applied through a retained part which
applies the load very close to the shaft or bore diameter and where the load is of a
static nature.

e. Minimum distance between outer groove wall and end of shaft should be three
times the groove depth at a minimum.

(Y > 3D 1)

f. Centrifugal capacity : Proper functioning of an external retaining ring

depends upon the ring remaining seated on the groove bottom. Centrifugal loading can
overcome cling of the ring. To calculate allowable steady state speed of the retaining
ring the equation is:
Min ring cling to
groove bottom

Ring radial
wall, in. 1/2
Speed, rpm

N = 0.466 C1 E3 X 10 12
Rn3 (1+C 1) (Ro – Ri3)
3

Free neutral ring Free outside ring

radius, in. radius, in. Free inside ring
radius, in.

g. Rotation between parts : When a spiral ring retains a rotating part, rotation
will be limited to one direction only and to applications involving light thrust loads.
The ring is to be wound in the direction of rotation of the rotating part, in the case
of external rings, or against the direction of rotation for internal rings, failure to
follow these criteria could cause the ring to wind out of its groove.

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6.4 Part or identifying number . Procurement documents for ordering retaining

rings will use the following part numbering technique for identification and ordering.
Codes for variable characteristics are as specified below.

Designation Code Item Requirement Specification Sheet Old Item Designation

1 Type 2A01 MIL-DTL-27426/1 Type A Class 1

2 Type 2A02 MIL-DTL-27426/2 Type A Class 2
3 Type 2B01 MIL-DTL-27426/3 Type B Class 1
4 Type 2B02 MIL-DTL-27426/4 Type B Class 2

A Carbon steel
plain
B Carbon steel
cadmium plated
Material and C Carbon steel
Finish phosphate coated
D Corrosion
resisting steel,
passivated
E Copper-beryllium
alloy

M 27426 X XXX X

Material and finish code

Dash no. indicating ring dimensions

Specification sheet code identifier

Specification number

Prefix indicating MIL specification

(Spaces inserted for purposes of illustration clarity.)

EXAMPLE: M274264102B which is : Specification sheet MIL-DTL-27426/4 (type 2B02), heavy-

duty internal retaining ring, housing diameter of 0.562 inch, carbon steel, cadmium
plated.

6.5 Subject term (key word) listing.

Fasteners
Steel, carbon
Steel, corrosion resistant
Copper-beryllium alloy
Shafts
Housings

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Custodians: Preparing activity:

Army - AR DLA-IS
Navy - OS
Air Force - 99
(Project 5325-0433)
Review activities:
Army – AV, MI
Air Force – 11, 82

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