B.A English Part 1 Complete Notes Sale-Converted-1

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B.A English Part 1 Complete Notes

Table Of Contents
Sr No# 1: Poems Page Number: (1-19)
Sr No# 2: Short Stories Page Number: (19-27)
Sr No# 3:V.imp Precie Excercises Page Number: (27-54)
Sr No# 4:Imp Dialogue For Multi Topics Page Number: (54-57)
Sr No# 5:Some imp Dialogue From Past Papers Page Number: (57-78)
Sr No# 6:Urdu To English Translation VIP Page Number: (78-92)
B.A English Notes On Poems Questions+Explanation

1- Leisure
Main Answer The central idea of the poem is modern man’s forgetfulness of the aesthetic
aspect of life. William Davies is famous for the simplicity, clarity and sincerity of his poems.
‘Leisure’ is a simple but forceful poem in which he advises us not to fall a prey to hurry and
haste. The poet says that modern man has become the slave of time. He remains in gathering
wealth and making progress from morning till late at night. A rat race continues from
morning to evening. The poet asks: “What is this life if we have not time to stand and
stare? Nature provides us many blessings of Allah Almighty. Sparking streams, foaming
cascades, glittering stars, refreshing breezes and blossoming flowers are there to please our
eyes and satisfy our souls. The objects of nature offer pleasure, satisfaction and peace to us
but we have no time to enjoy the delights of life. Sheep and cows grazing in the fields, small
animals playing in the jungle, sparking streams the sunlight and the glittering stars at night
are the simple delights we miss in our rushed life. Our slavery to Time is the greatest curse
of the modern age.
Personification
Personification is a poetic device which means to give human qualities to a lifeless thing or
idea. In poetry or literature, Personification means the act of attributing human qualities and
virtues to some abstract idea or some abstract noun. In the following verse, William Davies
has used “Personification”, so as to personify “Beauty”, as a fair maiden or a goddess of
1 Notes Written And Composed By Malik irfan| Whatsapp:03074562343
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beauty, which is found all around us always smiling and dancing in the shape of various
objects of nature. “No time to turn at beauty’s glance,
And watch her feet, how they can dance”.
As the poet has personified the word, “Beauty”, he images the beauty of nature in the shape
of a living girl who is dancing in a very delightful manner. Unfortunately, it is due to the
business of this rushed and materialistic life a
modern man has no time to enjoy the
“Beauty’s glance”. Okarians Acadmy Helpline
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lines; Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
A thing of beauty is indeed a joy forever. Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
Aesthetic sense is the soul of human life.
2- Tartary by Walter De La Mare

Main Answer The poem “Tartary” by Walter De la Mare is subjective poem in which the
poet imagines himself to be a ruler of an imaginary land-named: Tartary. In his famous
poem, “Tartary” Walter De La Mare has given many romantic touches and images to the
theme of the poem. The romantic poets often use imaginary and fanciful touches in their
poetry. That’s why; this poem shows pictorial qualities because the pet has shown beautiful
scenery of the imaginative land-Tatary. The poem takes us to this imagery world where we
find blooming flowers, singing birds, shining streams glittering stars, green valley, graceful
trees and other objects of nature to please us. Flittering butterflies give fight to our
thoughts. WE laugh with the smiling flowers and dance with the humming birds. The poet
would be lord of sweet fruits, silvery rivers, hills, woods, scented breeze, trembling lakes and
foamless seas. The most fanciful image used in this poem is the phaeton being drawn by
seven zebras through the dark glades. The reason being, everyone knows that usually zebras
are not used to draw a carriage or a ‘buggy’. So we can say that such a use of seven zebras
can only be found in imagination and not in the real world. The poet’s or hero’s dreams are
pure, innocent and unharmful. The poem is full of unique, imaginary and fanciful ideas. All
these qualities make it a romantic poem.
Q: 1Pick out all the colored words the poet has used. What effect do these words
create?
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Ans: The colored words that he poet has used in this poem are yellow, red white, gold, green,
dark, silver, pale, and purple. These colors words impress us through our sense of sight. This
quality is called sensuousness which, in simple English means, producing rich sense
impressions.
Important terms:
Image: In poetry the image means the suggestion of vivid mental picture, drown by the poet
skillfully making use of the words, so as to create a beautiful sight-effect and also beautiful
sound effects on the minds of the reader. (Word Pictures). In short, images can be similes,
metaphors, symbols, personifications or simple description, as we find in the poem
(Tartary).
Romantic Poet:
On the wings of his imagination, the poet reaches a far-off romantic land, named “Tartary”.
Romantic poem is purely the creation of the poet’s imagination.
3- New Year Resolution by Elizabeth Sewell

Though the poem ‘New Year Resolution’ by Elizabeth Sewell is short one as consisting of
just three stanzas yet it is thought-provoking. Every New Year definitely affects everyman’s
life both physically and spiritually. In the three short stanzas of this poem, the poetess makes
three resolutions at the start of a new year. In the first stanza, she says that as the New Year
starts, she will sit quietly (long draught of quit) for long hours. She will judge her thoughts,
feelings and emotions. She will do all this to purge herself. In the second stanza, she says
that twice a day, perhaps in the evening and at night, she will think of herself. Man has been
created in this world with a purpose. The purpose is to make life better and happier. In the
third stanza, she says, during the New Year, at every night she will think of the bitter realities
of life. Truth is bitter and reality is uncomfortable. Ma should take stock of himself, and
try to improve himself. This poem also shows poetess’ practical mind and her determined
nature to face life as it comes to her.
4- Woman Work by Maya Angelou

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Maya Angelou is a renowned poetess. In her poem, Woman Work, a common woman gives
vent to her disgust for the dull, drab live of doing domestic chores without any rest or respite.
She gets up early in the morning. She has to feed and look after her children. She mends and
washes the clothes of her children. Then she has to clean the floor of the house. She has to go
out for shopping. She fries chicken and prepares breakfast for her kids as well as for the
husband. She often cuts the cane. She keeps the clothes of her children dry and warm in
order to keep her infants dry. She is fed up with her routine work. She indulges in day
dreaming and longs for the blessings of sunshine, rain and dew drops to enable her to live
peacefully. She wants to fly away with storm and rest in the lap of the nature. She wants to
be one with sun, sky, mountain, ocean; leaf and stone, star shine and moon glow. The
poem shows that the woman is an idealist.
She is really the representative and
spokesmanof all the domestic women. She Okarians Acadmy Helpline
has an imaginative mind. The wish of the
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5- The Rebel by D.J. Enright

“The Rebel” is a delightful poem by D.J.
Enright. Enright values irony above passion.
The poem is a mildly satirical poem in which humor is created through the funny behavior.
Of a rebel. The rebel presented in this poem is ‘harmless’, innocent’ and ‘gentle’. The rebel
in a society is one who wishes to be different from others. He believes in self-assertion.
There are seven main differences between the people and a rebel. When everybody cuts the
long hair, the rebel does have long hair to show his opposition to others. When everybody
likes to have long hair, the rebel cuts his short. When everybody is busy in discussion the
rebel keeps silent. If others are silent during the lesion the rebel starts talking. When other
people wear colorful clothes, the rebel puts on simple clothes. When other people wear
simple clothes, the rebel starts wearing fantastic and colorful clothes. When common people
praise dogs and the rain, he shows his liking for cats and the sun. When the others go out, he
stays at home; and when others stay indoors he goes outdoors. When everyone says “yes,
please!” to show respect, the rebel says, “No, thank you!” When everybody says; “Now,
thank you” he says: “yes, please!” So, we see that the poem is also a satire on those who
are monotonous and uniform in their approach to life.It is very good that we have rebel
you may not find it very good to be one.
The word “Humour”means that quality which causes amusement and laughter.
Satire is a poetic technique in which the poet lightly criticizes the awkward behavior and
follies of the people in order to correct them.
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6- Patriot into Traitor by Robert Browning

Main Answer “Patriot into Traitor” is an impressive monologue by Robert Browning. This
poem is a dramatic monologue because the leader himself tells us about him in a sad and
sorrowful tone. He was thought to be a patriot, but now he is considered a traitor. Thus I
entered, and thus! Go. He says that just a year ago, he was considered a sincere and dutiful
leader. When he came into power he was welcome and respected by the people warmly.
Roses, myrtle and other flowers were lavishly thrown in his way to welcome him. On his
arrival, house-roofs were crowded with people. Slogans were raised in his favor. The bells
were rung in the churches to welcome him. They were ready to do everything for him. After
a year, the whole scene of his prestigious life is completely changed. Now, he is considered
as a traitor in the eyes of people. He is in chains and is passing through the streets in a
miserable condition. All of them gathered at the shambles gate to look at the way how he is
going to be hanged. He is to blame himself for his tragic downfall; yet he hopes that he will
be awarded by God for his noble deeds. He is sure to be safer now as he says: “I am safer
so”. He firmly believes that those who are underestimated by people are heavily rewarded by
God. The hero is not disappointed. His heart is full of hope and optimism.
Question: 1 Does this poem bear any relevance to the political conditions prevailing in
the countries of the word? Why do the political leaders in these countries generally
meet this tragic end?
Answer: (beginning) this poem is a true analysis of the political situation prevailing in the
countries of the third world. It is well said: power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts
absolutely. (Main Answer) (Ending) Thus, the leader entered the political field with honor
but left it with dishonor. This is generally the fate of political leaders in countries like
Pakistan where the reversal of destiny is a common practice.
Dramatic Monologue
The dramatic monologue is the name given to a specific kind of poem in which a single
person, not the poet is speaking.

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7- The Huntsman: Edward Lowbury

Main Answer: The poem “The Huntsman” by Edward Lowbury is based on Kenyan ‘folk-
lore. The poem throws light on two very important facts of life. First life is a complicated
thing and is full of unusual things, unexpected happenings and strange incidents. “Our life,
whose value is nominal, why is it so uncertain” Second, talking is a great gift of God but
when a man talks he should be cautious. The poem narrates that Kagwa was a huntsman who
becomes the hunted. Man proposes: God disposes. He hunted the lions with his spear. One
day, he found the skull of a man.He asked the skull how it came there. The skull opened its
mouth and said that talking brought it there. Kagwa went to the king’s court and told him
about the talking skull. The king was surprised. He said that since his birth, he had never
heard of or had seen the talking skull. However, he ordered two guards to go with kagwa and
said if kagwa proved a liar, kagwa himself must be killed. They rode into the forest and
found the skull. Kagwa asked the skull what brought it there. The skull did not speak. It is
wisely said: Silence is gold. The guards followed the ordered of the king and killed kagwa.
One his death, the skull spoke and asked the dead man how he came there. Kagwa’s skull
replied that talking brought it there. The poem is a good example of sick-humor. Smile
appears to disappear. We smile at the strange situation, but soon we have to be serious. There
is a good blend of funny and unfunny aspects of life.
Q. 1 the poet draws our attention to a tragic fact when the huntsman falls a prey to a
cruel remorseless fate. Discuss. Suspense/ irony
Answer. (Beginning) ‘Suspense’ means a state of uncertain expectation. Irony is a literary

device and shows a reversal of situation. Irony lies in appearance versus reality.Main
Answer (conclusion) In brief, the use of the elements of suspense and irony makes the poem
highly thought provoking, tragic and thrilling.
8- One Art by Elizabeth Bishop

One art is an unusual enticing poem by Elizabeth Bishop. The tone and the attitude of the
poetess is non-serious but the message is serious, sane and sensible. We have to accept that
there are many things meant to be lost. What makes the difference is our attitude towards
loss. Life is but a mingled yarn, good and evil, gain and loss together. Let us hope for the
best but be prepared for the worst. The loss of the door keys, time, names of places,

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mother’s watch or best house is not so frustrating provided that we are already to accept it.
The poetess ironically points out that the loss of cities; realms, rivers or continents should be
borne bravely. Moreover, sometimes, we have to face the loss of our some part of ourselves.
The loss of a joking voice, a good gesture, or a good habit is the loss of us. It is true that
practice makes a man perfect. If we bear the bitter realities, great as well as tiny losses of
things and worries or sorrows of life with a smiling face, it will certainly boast up our
patience, moral and courage. The suitable attitude to face every difficult and disastrous
situation of life is; what cannot be cured, must be endured. The ideas expressed by the
poetess are very appealing for purposes of theory. It is, however, very difficult to agree with
her in matters of practical importance.
Q. 1 Bring out the elements of satire, humor and irony in the poem. How are they
combined to achieve a desirable impact? Satire, humor and irony: Moral/ critical
appreciation.
Ans: (Beginning)the poem contains elements of satire humor and irony in it. The poetess
satirizes the behavior of some people who make a mountain of a molehill and start
worrying in petty matters of everyday life. Base question. (Conclusion) irony can be found
even in poetess’ repetition of the lines such as; The art of losing is not hard to master. But
reality is that it is very difficult of master. In short, we see that the mixture of irony satire and
humor gives a new colour and touch of uniqueness to this poem.
9- The Solitary Reaper

The Solitary Reaper is one of the best lyrics and sweet songs of Wordsworth. The poem
deals with a common experience of life but the poet has made it a thing of beauty. Once he
happens to pass through a remote valley in Scotland. There he sees a lonely highland girl.
Bright to sight, heart is delight. A solitary girl is reaping the field and singing a song. The
whole valley was full of her sweet voice. Solitude lends charm to the song of the girl.
Wordsworth compares the sweet song of the girl with those of the nightingale and the
cuckoo. Metaphorically, the girl is to the poet what the nightingale is the tired travelers. The
poet cannot understand the language of the song and does not know the theme. He guesses
that it may relate some battles of the past, or some daily affairs of life, or some sorrows, loss
or pain. He calls her song a melancholy strain, which means a song full of powerful emotions
and feelings of sadness. There are references to distant and far-off things such as a
nightingale in the Arabian Desert, a cuckoo in the far north of England. These references
give the poem a romantic touch. WE may call it a romantic poem based on a real experience
of life. The following lines show Wordsworth love for nature and the flight of his thought.
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To me the meanest flower that blows can give
Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears’
10- All the World is a Stage by William Shakespeare

Main Answer In his famous sonnet “All the World is a Stage” Shakespeare has very aptly
divided human life into seven stages. At every stage of life, man has to perform his different
roles of life. He regards men as players or actors while the world is a stage. At every stage of
life, one has to perform a different kind of role. His vies about the journey of human life are
absolutely correct. During the journey of his life, everyman plays seven roles on the vast
stage of this world. At first, he is seen as an infant, crying and weeping in the arms of his
nurse. Second, he becomes a boy. He is seen carrying a bag of books over his shoulder. He is
seen going reluctantly towards school at very slow speed. Third, he becomes a young lover.
His is seen sighing like a furnace for the love of his beloved. Fourth, he becomes a soldier.
He has, like a leopard, big very big beard. His is seen ever ready to endanger his life even in
the mouth of a cannon to win a temporary reputation as a brave soldier. Fifth, he becomes a
judge. He is seen having a belly and a formal-cut beard. He often quotes proverbs. Sixth,
man becomes an old man. He is see wearing loose clothes and a pair of spectacles his nose.
Like a child, his voice now becomes very low. At last, there comes the last stage of his
journey of life. It is, in fact, his second childhood. In this context, the poet writer’ Sans eyes,
sans teeth, sans taste, sans everything. He is without everything. So, it is a journey towards
death indeed.

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11- Departure and Arrival by: T.S. Eliot

Departure and Arrival is an encouraging symbolic poem by T.S. Eliot. In this poem, the poet
represents a comparison between time and sea. He thinks that life is a voyage on great sea.
The hardships discourage us to shoulder the responsibilities of life. First deserve, then
desire. But soon we overcome that fear. Eliot has firm faith in idealism and optimism. He
urges us to set high ideals before us and strive undauntedly to achieve these sublime ideas.
Idealism refers to the belief in strong ideals. As the poet has written this poem at the
departure of 19th century and the arrival of the 20th century, he is looking for new future or
new age. Every new age demands new and great energy, power and resolution from us. So,
we must get all of them to perform great duties and difficult tasks. The poet is optimist to
ensure a brighter and a greater future for us. He rightly says as: “A legacy of benefits… may
we”. Our struggles and efforts must be continued till our death. As a result we must leave a
legacy of benefits for our coming generations. To achieve our high goal of life, we must
strive best till the end of life. In this poem, we have been called the “Sons of the Century”.
Actually, all of us are the travelers, the pilgrims. We should be guided by our vision. Before
our departure we should plan for final arrival or destination. We have to continue this
pilgrimage of hope and adventure. We may have gone from this world, we will never be
forgotten; we will live in the hearts of people. Virtue survives the grave.
12-A poison Tree By: William Blake

William Blake is a famous poet and artist. “A Poison Tree” is one of his highly symbolic and
great moralizing poems. Love is constructive and hatred is destructive. Here the poet
advises us not to nourish hatred in our hearts. The poem is full of contrasting abstractions
and symbols. The poet wants peace and love everywhere. He advises us to be loving and
kind to all. The poet says that when he was angry with his friend, he expressed his anger and
the anger ended. But when he was angry with his enemy, he did not express the anger. As a
result, this anger grew stronger and stronger. The poet compares this anger to a tree. This
tree of hatred and anger bore an apple. The bright apple is the symbol of “Temptation”.
Forbidden fruits are sweet. Outwardly, this fruit was bright but inwardly, it was poisonous.
The enemy ate that fruit and the poet found his enemy lying dead under that poisonous tree.
WE get the idea that we should always express our anger. The ideas expressed, the words
chosen, and the figures of speech employed add to the suitability of the title and effect of the
poem.
What are the contrasting elements in the poem?

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(Beginning) The poem contains many contrasts in it. Some of the contrasts, are; friend and
foe, trust-deceit, end-grow, tears-smiles, night-bright, love-hate. Base question :(
Conclusion) The use of contrasting words also shows the poet’s won hate against anger,
grudge and enmity.
13-Because I could not stop for Death

Main Answer The poem “Because I could not stop for Death” by Emily Dickinson is a
journey of poetess with death towards eternity. In Emily Dickinson’s poetry, death is always
and eminent theme. In this symbolic poem, she has presented “Death” metaphorically. She
has compared this life with a journey; in which man covers a distance to immortality. The
poetess has talked about death and the polite nature of its approach. She has depicted it as her
best friend. She does not see death as an END OF LIFE BUT AS THE BEGINNING OF
THE EVERLASTING LIFE. She can fearlessly sit in the same carriage with Death into the
realm of Immortality. She is rather impressed
by the kindness and Civility of Death. She is
ready to put away her labour and leisure for Okarians Acadmy Helpline
His Civility. The poetess has described her Malik irfan :
journey and different stages of human life
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symbolically. The poetess and Death passed
through school (childhood), Field of gazing Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
grain (youth) and the Setting Sun (old age).
They stopped for a while before a House
(grave) which seemed a “Swelling of the
Ground” and then entered the realm of
Eternity. The poetess is ready to embrace death with a profound sense of religious serenity
and peace. Death is just a relaxing pint, not the end of the journey. The symbolic journey
from life to death, from physically to spiritual, form appearance to reality strengthens our
faith in life after Death. What cannot be cured must be endured.
Main points
Here death and immortality have been personified. Al the nouns related to death and
immortality in any sense have been capitalized. Likewise, all the symbols use in the poem
have been capitalized.
14-Lights Out by Edward Thomas
Main Answer Edward Thomas has very beautifully and aptly thrown light on the magical
and alluring effects of sleep in his famous poem “Lights Out”. The poem is based on the

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power of sleep. The poet views sleep from an interesting angle. He describes the paramount
power, which sleep enjoys over man’s fret and fume. The poem shows that sleep is stronger
than other human passion. The poet says that we have no alternative but to say “Yes” to its
call. Even the sweetest of our passions and the noblest of our goals cannot keep it away. The
most interesting book and the dearest face would not keep us from stepping into the deep
forest of sleep. All aspects of life lose their charm in the kingdom of sleep. The rich and
poor, the good and the evil are equally influenced by sleep. The poet is willing to lose
himself into the dark, thick and foggy forest of sleep. The poet has also personified the word
‘Silence’ in the ending lines of the poem. All this shows that the poet has used imagery in its
right use. It is also equalizing factor for us. There is a close relationship of between sleep and
death. As death comes on a man, he is to surrender himself to it at any cost without any
resistance. In brief, we can say although a man has many goals to achieve yet at the border or
brink of sleep, he forgets all of them. It is rightly say that sleep is more powerful than all
other passions.
15-After Apple-picking by Robert Frost

Main Answer After Apple-Picking is an interesting poem by Robert Frost. Frost is famous
for his unaffected lyrics, his simple vocabulary and sharp observation. In this poem, he has
strangely intermingled with the world of reality and dreams. The poem is a delicate blend of
physical and imagery worlds together. The poem begins with a description of an apple-picker
who is not interested in more apple-picking. The apple-picker holds the ladder with the
instep of his foot. In has utter state of sleep, he feels the ladder swaying. As a result, the
branches of the trees have bent down with over burden. Once again he comes to reality or
senses, and hears the sound of apples fallings into a cellar-bin. He further says that he had
longed for a great harvest of apples which he got. He is fed up with the task of apple-picking;
but the scent of the picked apples has induced sleep on him. Moreover, all the familiar
natural objects seem to be strange to him. He goes to deep sleep. Even in his dreams, he
cannot get rid of these apples. These magnified apples appear and disappear before his eyes
in a dream. He does not know whether he is having a normal one-night sleep of human
beings or that of a wood-chuck which goes for hibernation in winter, Actually, he wants just
a few hours’ sleep or rest so that he may reap his remaining bumper crop. The difficult task
of apple-picking stands for life; apples represent desires while sleep symbolizes death.
Main points
The empty barrelin the poem, “After Apple Picking” signifies the unfinished task of apple-
picking; which the apple picker is yet to complete. There is no end of human wishes and
their fulfillment continues till the last breath of man.

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16-The Vanishing Village by R.S. Thomas

Main Answer The poem “The Vanishing Village” by R.S. Thomas is a sad song for a
deserted village. The world is turning into a “Global Village”. It is very ironical scenario
that the villages are vanishing even faster. People are migrating from villages to cities at a
fast rate and large scale. The poem presents a sad and gloomy picture of a deserted village.
There is scarcely a street and a few houses. The only inn and the only shop are joined by a
way that ends at the top of a short hill. This last post of time is being eaten up. The village
may be losing most of its life and activity, yet all is not lost. The search of the girl goes
beyond the two limits of the simple day. Sometimes, either a black dog is seen killing his
fleas in the hot sun or a girl moving from door to door. This only picture of a human life in
the village shows a sign of optimism in the poem. When the poet says “Stay Village” he
means there should be no change in the village. There should be life and activity which are
the mark of a good village. According to the Plato, a village is the basic unit of human
civilization. In this poem, the poet yearns for a revival of the colorful life of the ideal Greek
Village after the vision of Plato.
17-When I Have Fears by John Keats

Main Answer in this most famous and greatest sonnet, John Keats talks about some fears
about his life. John Keats died at the early age of 26. So his each poem is the voice of his
heart and soul. Keats has touched his two favorite themes here one is unrequited love and the
transient nature of beauty. The main metaphor of the sonnet has been taken from harvesting:
as the words: “rich garner” and “the full ripened grain”. The theme of the sonnet is his fear
that he may die before seeing the fulfillment of his poetic potential. The poet knows that “art
is long and time is fleeting”. His brain is full of lofty thoughts and romantic feelings that he
wants to pen down in books. He wishes to reap the rich harvest of his ideas and store it, but
he is afraid that he will not get enough time to do so. The sights of cloudy symbols fill the
poet’s heart with high romance. He wants to enjoy himself of the beautiful face and charms
of the elements of nature. He is, however, aware of his premature death. The poet thinks
about approaching death. He know that both Love and Fame must sink into nothing.
22-Snake by W.H Lawrence

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Main Answer D.H Lawrence is a renowned English poet. The snake is among one of his
popular poems. The poet has the aesthetic sense and feels and immense joy to see a beautiful
snake at his water trough. In fact, he is deeply impressed by his natural beauty. The poem has
several layers of meaning. It reveals the poet’s different reactions to the snake; fear, horror,
fascination and fascination and finally remorse. On a hot day, a snake crawls down from
somewhere to the poet’s water trough to drink water. Waiting for the departure of the snake,
the poet experiences many changes in his reaction to the presence of the snake. The
education of the poet advises him to kill the snake but at heart he likes him. He thinks that
the snake was his guest. The conflict,
which goes on in the mind of the poet, is
between the dictation of his education and Okarians Acadmy Helpline
the voice of his intuition. To fell honor at
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instinct. But throwing a stick at the snake Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
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expiation over his man act shows his
human nature. In fact, the poet compares
the snake to king or ruler who is in exile.
The metaphor of the snake’s kingship in
the underworld is appropriate. From the
arrival to the departure of the snake, the poet enjoys himself with its every moment and
gesture.
1-Leisure by William Davies

Reference to the context;
These lines have been taken from the poem “Leisure” By William Davies. In this poem, the
poet says about modern man’s forgetfulness of the aesthetic aspect of life. William Davies is
famous for the simplicity, clarity and sincerity of his poems. “Leisure” is a simple but
forceful poem in which he advises us not to fall a prey to hurry and haste. The poet says that
modern man has become the slave of time.
Explanation;

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In these lines, the laments that rat race continues from morning to evening. The poet asks:
What is this life if we have not time to stand and stare? Nature provides us many blessings
of Allah Almighty. Sparking streams,
foaming cascades, glittering erring,
refreshing, breezes and blossoming flowers Okarians Acadmy Helpline
are there to please our eyes and satisfy our
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should. The objects of nature offer pleasure,
satisfaction and peace to us but we have no Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
time to enjoy the delights of life. Sheep and Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
cows grazing in the fields, small animals
playing in the jungle, sparking steams the
sunlight and the glittering stars at night are
the simple delights we miss in our rushed
life. Our slavery to Time is the greatest
curse of the modern age.
Expected Questions/ Statements
1. What are some of the things you miss because of lack of time?
2. What are some of the simple delights we miss in our rushed life?
3. Discuss the poem, “leisure” as a criticism on the time worship of the modern
man.
4. The poem “leisure”, by William Davies is a criticism or lamentation on the rush
and hurried life of the modern Western life.
5. How does the poet William Davies justify / prove that beauty has lost its appeal
towards the modern sensitive man?
6. What is the main theme or the central idea or the subject –matter of the poem,
“leisure”, by William Davies?
7. The poet in his poem, “Leisure”, in fact, tells us that it is our own attitude
towards life that makes is so full of worries. How can we possibly avoid it?
Answer. Main Answer
Question No.2 Define “personification” and give a description of the “personification”
employed in the poem, “leisure”.
What is personification? Explain the personification employed in the following verses:
Answer. Personification
2-Tartary by Walter De La Mare
Reference to the context:

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These lines have been taken from the poem “Tartary” written by Walter De La Mare. The
Poem “Tartary” by Walter De La Mare is subjective poem in which the poet imagines
himself to be a ruler of an imaginary land-named: Tartary. In his famous poem, “Tartary”
Walter De La Mara has given many romantic touches and images to the time of the poem.
The romantic poets often use imaginary and fanciful touches in their poetry. That’s why; this
poem shows pictorial qualities because the poet has shown beautiful scenery of the
imaginative lane-Tatary.
Explanation:
In these lines the poet takes us to this imagery world where we find blooming flowers,
singing birds, shining streams glittering star, green valleys, graceful trees and other objects
of nature to pleas us. Flittering butterflies give fight to our thoughts. We laugh with the
smiling flowers and dance with the humming birds. The poet would be lord of sweet fruits,
silvery rivers, hills, woods, scented breeze, trembling lakes and foamless seas. The most
fanciful image used in this poem is the phaeton being drawn by seven zebras through the
dark glades. The reason being, everyone knows that usually zebras are not used to draw a
carriage or a “buggy”. So we can say that such a use of seven zebras can only be found in
imagination and not in the real world. The poet’s or hero’s dreams are pure, innocent and un
harmful. The poem is full of unique, imaginary and fanciful ideas. All these qualities make it
a romantic poem.
Expected Question/ Statements
1. Explain “Tartary”, by Walter De La Mare as a romantic poem.
2. What is, in your opinion, the most fanciful image, used in the poem, “Tartary”,
by Walter De La Mara?
3. Discuss the poem “Tartary” as romantic poem.
4. The hero’s dreams are pure, innocent and unharmful. Elaborate.
5. “Tartary” is a journey into the world of imagination. “Discuss.
6. If you were the lord of Tartary, delights would you like to enjoy in your
domain?
7. Pick out the fanciful images from the poem “Tartary”.
Answer: Main Answer
Question No.2
1. What colored words have the poet used in the poem “Tartary”?
2. What effects do they create?
Answer: Colored Words
3-New Year Resolution by Elizabeth Sewell

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These lines have been taken from the poem “New Year Resolution” written by Elizabeth
Sewell. Though the poem “New Year Resolution” by Elizabeth Sewell is short one as
consisting of just three stanzas yet it is thought-provoking. Every New Year definitely affects
everyman’s life both physically and spiritually. In the three short stanzas of this poem, the
poetess makes three resolutions at the start a new year.
Explanation:
In the first stanza, she says that as the New Year starts, she will sit quietly (long draught of
quit) for long hours. She will judge her thoughts, feelings and emotions. She will do all this
to purge herself. In the second stanza, she says that twice a day, perhaps in the evening and
at night, she will think of herself. Man has been created in this world with a purpose. The
purpose to make life better and happier. In the third stanza, she says during the New Year, at
every night she will think of the bitter realities of life. Truth is bitter and reality is
uncomfortable. Man should take stock of himself, and try to improve himself. This poem
also shows poetess’ practical mind and her determined nature to face life as it comes to her.
Expected Questions / Statements
1- Wherefrom possibly can we draw comfort if the nature of reality is so uncomfortable?
2- In the poem, “new Year resolution”, the poetess has also chalked out a program for the
New Year. What that? Explain?
3- What are the New Year Resolutions of the poetess (Elizabeth Sewell)? Explain.
4- Like the poetess, give a description fo your own New Year resolutions.
5- What is the main theme or lesson or message or central idea of the poem, “New Year
Resolution”, by Elizabeth Sewell? Explain/ write a critical appreciation of the poem
“New Year Resolutions”,
6- Explain the significance of the phrase, “to drain long draughts of quite”. And the
image of “bony arms”.
7- Are truth and reality difficult to confront with/what do bony arms symbolize
/Symbolism
Main Answer
8- The poem is very brief, but it is a master piece of literature. Discuss.
Answer. (Beginning) there is no doubt in saying the fact that this poem “New Year
Resolution” is different in its appeal form the other poemsthat we have read yet. (Main
Answer) (Ending) So, we see that as epigrammatic style make this poem unique from the
other poem.

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4-Woman Work by Maya Angelou

These lines been taken from the poem “Woman Work” written by “Maya Angelou. Maya
Angelou is a renowned poetess. In her poem, Woman Work, a common woman gives vent to
her disgust for the dull, drab life of doing domestic chores without any rest of respite.
Explanation:
In these lines the poetess says that she gets up early in the morning. She has to feed and look
after her children. She mends and washes the clothes of her children. Then she has to clean
the floor of the house. She has to go out for shopping. She fires chicken and prepares
breakfast for her kids as well as for the husband. She often cuts the cane. She keeps the
clothes of her children dry and warm in order to keep her infants dry. She is fed up with her
routine work. (First half). She indulges in
day dreaming and longs for the blessings of
sunshine, rain and dew drops to enable her to Okarians Acadmy Helpline
live peacefully. She wants to fly away with
storm and rest in the lap of the nature. She Malik irfan :
wants to be one with sun, rain, sky, Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
mountain, ocean; leaf and stone, star Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
shine and moon glow. The poem shows that
the woman is an idealist. She is really the
representative and spokesman of all the
domestic women. She has an imaginative
mind. The wish of the woman for a breath of
fresh air is touching and impressive.(Second half).
Expected Questions / Statements
1. “The story of the domestic/household woman in this poem (Woman Work) is the story
of every domestic/household woman”. Explain this statement.
2. Draw a character-sketch of the domestic woman, as portrayed in the poem, Woman
Work, by Maya Angelou.
3. Discuss the dull life of a domestic women or domestic wife.
4. Is idealization of some sort necessary for our survival as sane human beings?
5. How does a woman get tired of doing domestic chores? Explain.
6. How and why does the domestic woman wish to loss and find herself in Nature?
Explain.
7. Discuss the woman’s dreams of an ideal life.
8. What are problems of a Pakistani woman?
Main Answer
18 | P a g e
5-The Rebel by D.J. Enright

These lines have been taken from the poem “The Rebel” written by D.J. Enright “The
Rebel” is a delightful poem by D.J. Enright values irony above passion. The poem is a
mildly satirical poem in which humor is created through the funny behavior of a rebel. The
rebel presented in this poem is harmless innocent and gentle. The rebel in a society is one
who wishes to be different from others. He believes in self-assertion.
Explanation:
In these lines the poet says that there are seven main differences between the people and a
rebel. When everybody cuts the long hair, the rebel does have long hair to show his
opposition to others. When everybody likes to have long hair, the rebel cuts his short. When
everybody is busy in discussion the rebel keeps silent. If others are silent during the lesson
the rebel starts talking. When other people wear colorful clothes, the rebel puts on simple
clothes. When other people wear simple clothes, the rebel starts wearing fantastic and
colorful clothes. When common people praise dogs and the rain he shows his liking for cats
and the sun. When the others go out, he stays at home; and when others stay indoors he goes
outdoors. When everyone says yes, please to show respect, the rebel says, “No thank you!”
he says: “yes, please!”
Expected Questions / Statementsss
1. Discuss the element of humor and satire in D.J. Enright’s poem “The Rebel”.
2. Do you think that the poet is satirizing rebel or the ridiculously trivial behavior of the
so called normal people towards the rebel?
3. Discuss and explain the main theme or subject-matter or the central idea of the poem,
“The Rebel”, by D.J. Enright.
4. “It is very good that we have rebels.
You may not find it very good to be one” Di
Discuss and explain with reference to the poem, “The rebel”, by D.J. Enright
5. Discuss the contradictory attitude of the rebel/ explain all what the others do and rebel
does not do? And why is that?

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6-Patriot into Traitor by Robert Browning

Reference to the context;
These lines have been taken from the poem “Patriot into Traitor” by Robert Browning.
“Patriot into Traitor” is an impressive monologue by Robert Browning. This poem is a
dramatic monologue because the leader himself tells us about him in a sad and sorrowful
tone. He was thought to be a patriot, but now he is considered a traitor.
Explanation;
In these lines the poet says that just a year ago, he was considered a sincere and dutiful
leader. When he came into power he was welcome and respected by the people warmly.
Roses, myrtle and other flowers were lavishly thrown in his way to welcome him. On his
arrival, house-roofs were crowded with people. Slogans were raised in his favors. The bells
were rung in the churches to welcome him. They were ready to do everything for him. (First
Half for Explanation). After a year, the whole scene of his prestigious life is completely
changed. Now he is considered as a traitor in the eyes of people. He is in chains and is
passing through the streets in a miserable
condition. All of them gathered at the
shambles gate to look at the way how he is Okarians Acadmy Helpline
going to be hanged. He is to blame himself
Malik irfan :
for his tragic downfall; yet he hopes that he
will be awarded by God for his noble Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
deeds. He is sure to be safer now as he Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
says; |I am safer so”. He firmly believes
that those who are underestimated by
people are heavily rewarded by God. The
hero is not disappointed. His heart is full of
hope and optimism. (Second Half for
Explanation.)
Expected Questions/ Statements
1- Contrast the welcome of the hero by his nation a year back and his present condition
of humiliation and disgrace.
2- Narrate the mood of disillusionment and frustration of the leader in the poem, who
was considered a hero or patriot a year back and now has been branded as a traitor.
3- Explain the contrast the fate of the hero as shown in the poem, “Patriot into Traitor:.
20 | P a g e
4- What is a Dramatic Monologue?

5- Can the poem, “Patriot into Traitor”, be called a Dramatic Monologue?
6- Discuss the poem, “Patriot into Traitor” as a Dramatic Monologue.
7- Write a detailed note on the main theme or subject-matter of the poem, “Patriot into
Traitor” by Robert Browning.
Answer; Main Answer
8- Explain the relevance of the “Patriot into Traitor” to the political conditions prevailing
in Pakistan or to any country and any age?
9- Is the hero’s or patriot into traitor’s situation or condition applicable to any country
and any age?
Answer Question No.1
Short Stories
1-The Killers by Hemingway
(Base Answer) Hemingway’s typical prose style is universally recognized. “The killers” is a
story in which two murderers named Al and Max create the atmosphere of horror and
suspense. The main scene of this dramatic story is Henry’s lunch-room in a restaurant. Al
and Max enter it. They are the hired killers. They behave with the bright boys (waiters)’
George and Nick Adam, and the cook, Sam, in a cruel manner. Max forbids George to
entertain anyone in the restaurant. The want to kill Ole Anderson just to oblige a friend. Ole
Anderson is a heavy-weight prize fighter. Fortunately, Ole does not visit the restaurant the
same day. After waiting almost 2 hours, the killers leave the restaurant. The study of the
story reveals that Ole Anderson is an isolated man. He is shown willing to accept death. He
is not coward person. In fact, he has now tired of escaping death. “Enough is enough, his
fear of death must end,” he thought. This is what he reads on the wall when Nick Adam
informs him that two men are certainly going to kill him. The readers get a deep impression
of the story. The theme of the story points out a psychological fact that sometimes despair
makes a man brave. Thus the writer has very masterfully taught us the moral “Readiness in
all”.

21 | P a g e
Q: 1 Write a note on the situation/state of law and order in the U.S.A. after your study
of the story “The Killer”.
Ans. (Beginning)The story, “The Killers” reflects the problem of law and order in the
U.S.A. of Hemingway’s time. (Base Answer). (Conclusion) So the picture of social,
political and administrative life drown in the story is not good at all. (Recent gun killing in
America is the one example of 20th century).
Expected Question/statements
1. What is the effect of the story, Okarians Acadmy Helpline
“The Killer”, on the mind of the Malik irfan :
reader? Explain.
2. “The Killer” is a powerful Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
story, which is full of suspense, Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
action, fear and terror.
3. “The two killers leave the
restaurant but also leave behind
a looming shadow of death and
horror”.
4. Describe Henry’s lunch-room, and what did happen there? Or reproduce “the
scene of henry’s lunch-room” in your own words
5. What does Ole Anderson read on the wall? Explain.
6. When Nick Adams goes to tell Ole Anderson that two men are certainly going
to kill him, what is his reaction? Explain.
7. What kind of understanding does the story “The Killer” impact to you?
8. What is the main theme of the story, “The Killers”
9. Write a note on the state of law and order in the USA after your study o “The
Killers”.
10.Describe Hemingway’s typical style of narrating a story.
2- Rappaccini’s Daughter by Nathanial Hawthorne

“Rappaccini’s Daughter” is really a fantasy but its writer has blended realism with scientific
fiction. Dr. Rappaccini’s has cultivated a mysterious garden for his scientific research and
experiments. It is full of poisonous plants and flowers. He is suffering from the obsession of
the scientific knowledge and experiments which has made him merciless and cruel. Dr.
Rappaccini’s has made a scientific formula by means of which he has in filtered certain
poisons in Beatrice’s body. She has become safe from the harmful effects of poison. Her
very touch has become fatal for others. Thus, she has become a poisonous serpent. Geovanni
plays the role of a lover, whereas Beatrice plays the role of a beloved. She is more sensitive

22 | P a g e
than that of Giovanni. Giovanni tells her that he has a medicine which is an antidote to the
poison in her body. He offers it to her. She takes it down and dies. Beatrice stands for pure
love and self-sacrifice. She becomes a victim of her father’s obsession and also of her lover’s
wrong judgment. She dies at the feet of her father’ crying: My father, why did you bring
this terrible fate upon your child”? Thus the forces of good and evil are, at the same time
at work in this story. In the end, good wins victory over the evil.
Expected Questions/ statements
1. “Rappaccini’s Daughter” is a fantasy. Explain.
2. In Rappaccini’s Daughter”, there is a great scientist, who cares more for science than
for mankind.
3. Analyze critically the story, Rappaccini’s Daughter”, but briefly.
4. The story, “Rappaccini’s Daughter”, is “an erratic deal with the peaceful knowledge of
science.
5. “Rappaccini’s has an obsession about scientific research but his innate selfishness
drives him in a wrong direction”. Explain briefly.
6. If “Rappaccini’s Daughter” is a fantasy, it also reflects the reality of the modern are.
7. “Rappaccini’s cares more for science than for mankind.
8. Is the daughter more dear to the Professor (Dr. Rappaccini’s) his art … the art of
scientific research and experiment?
9. What kind of chief treasure Dr. Rappaccini’s has and how/why does he entrust it to his
only daughter, Beatrice?
10.What kind of sickness/illness Dr. Rappaccini’s is suffering from?
11.“All science, which is devoid of humanity and humanism, is destructive ad fatal for
human beings.
12.Describe the relationship of love between Giovanni and Beatrice/contrast the character
of Giovanni and that of Beatrice/describe the role of Beatrice in the story/what does
Beatrice sat to her father and her lover before dying?
13.What is Giovanni’s role in the story/Giovanni is no more than a pawn on the
chessboard of Dr. Rappaccini’s research.
3- The New Constitution: Manto

Main Answer This story “New Constitution” has been written with reference to the
Government of India Act 1935. The Indians thought that this Act would take them out of the
subservience of the British rulers. But son they realized that the Act brought nothing to
change. Mangu, the tongawala, lived in Lahore. He was considered a man of great wisdom
among his friends. But he was a half-wit. He is illiterate and never has been to school. He
hated the British because they were ruling Hisdustan against the will of the Indians. He
called them goras of human monkeys. On the first April, 1935 he was delighted. He thought

23 | P a g e
that through this New Constitution, the Indians and the British would be treated as equal. He
was sure that on the first April everything would change. At last, the day came, Ustad Mangu
got up earlier than before. He wanted to see color and light but there was nothing. He saw a
gora soldier standing next to lamp post. The English soldier wanted to go to the dancing
bazaar. Mangu demanded five rupees as a fare. The soldier was angry at this insolence and
hit Mangu with a stick. Ustad Mangu also raised his hand and hit him heavily on the chin.
Two policemen appeared and arrested Mangu. He tried to tell them that now they were free
under the new constitution. He was told that it was the same old constitution and the English
were still the rulers. Then they locked him up.
Famous/important
statements/questions
What were the expectations of the Indians? Or what kind of change was Ustad Mangu
expecting from the New Act of 1935?
(Beginning)Ustad Mangu, in this story is the representative of the Indians. Ustad Mangu and
the Indians expected many changes. Base Question (Conclusion) The New Constitution was
promulgated but the Indians realized that the act brought nothing to change……………
socially or politically.
Q. 2 describe the fight between a gora soldier and Mangu. What does it signify? Or
why is Mangu always quarrelling with the goras. How was Ustad Mangu disillusioned
with the N.A.? (Beginning) Mangu thought that the goras treated them as slaves. He
cherished a wish to beat them. Base Question (Conclusion)Magu’s expectation that
“everything will be changed with the New Act.” Proves an illusion”.
Q. 3 Shat kind of man was Ustad Mangu, the Tonga Wala. Driver? Character sketch of
U.M. Ustad Mangu is at best a half-wit. Elaborate. Why did Mangu hate Gora sahib so
much? (Beginning) Ustad Mangu was an extremely interesting character. He had great love
and patriotism for his county. Base Question (Conclusion) Mangu was a true an Awami
representative. That is why he hated the English so strongly. People have dreams but they
are shattered by authority.
4- Breakfast: John Steinbeck

In this interesting short-story, the writer tells us about his excellent visit in the cotton field.
Once, the writer had to go somewhere. On this way, he saw a young woman working outside
her tent. The writer felt cold and hunger. He went to the tent. He found the woman preparing
breakfast. An old man and a Youngman came out of the tent. They offered the writer to have
breakfast with them. The writer accepted their offer willfully. He joined them and all sat on
24 | P a g e
the ground for having simple but healthy and tasty breakfast. The old man and the young
man thanked God for having a fine breakfast. The older man said while eating “God the
Almighty, its good.” They had been eating good food only for twelve days; but they were
happy and contented. They had been leading a miserable life as they had no work to do.
When they got a job, they were satisfied and contented. After the hard labor of twelve days,
they got enough to buy new clothes and nourishing meal. They also offered the job of cotton-
picking to the writer, but he showed no interest in it. The writer was much impressed by their
sincerity, hospitality and simplicity. He departed from them saying thanks for the breakfast.
He brought with himself several sweet and pleasant memories which he could not forget in
his rest of life. The purity, simplicity satisfaction and contentment of the poor family are
not only impressive but also inspiring.
Important Questions/Statements
Q. 1 Describe the pleasant and natural atmosphere of the place, where they were
having their breakfast. Give an account of the writer’s having breakfast with a poor
but contented family. “Breakfast is a story in which purity of living has masterly been
portrayed by the hands of Steinbeck. Describe the natural atmosphere of the story. Do
the natural settings have anything to with the impact of the story?
Answer. (Beginning) In this story, the writer has very beautifully and aptly presented the
beauty of natural surroundings. Min Answer In brief, we see that whatever the writer
observed or experienced there, was absolutely presenting a touch of pleasant and natural
atmosphere.
Q. 2 the story “breakfast” is a criticism on the materialistic modern age; particularly
on the city people.
Discuss. In the short story “Breakfast” the narrator has painted a picture of simple
laborers. Can you paint a picture of those modern people who always complain against
government or circumstances? What is the message or moral of the story “breakfast”?
“Hospitality does not require a heap of wealth, it is a matter of hear”. Wealth does not
produce real happiness; it is purity of living which produces happiness.Discuss.
Ans. (Beginning) There is no doubt to say that the story “breakfast” is a bitter criticism on
the materialistic modern age; particularly on the people of urban areas. Main Answer
(Conclusion) The theme of the story is ‘contentment brings happiness. So, the writer has
very sincerely shown that wealth does not produce real happiness, purity in living does.
5- Take Pity (Bernard Malamud)

25 | P a g e
Main Answer Bernard Malamud is a famous writer. He writes about the social, cultural and
economic problems of the 20th century. In the story, we learn that Axe kalish was a polish
refugee. He was a shopkeeper. Kalish died and his wife and daughters were left alone. He
had a wife Eva, and two daughters named Fega and Surale. Rosen was a coffee salesman.
Rosen and Eva are two contrasting personalities. One is self-sacrificing but other is self-
centered. Rosen is kind and compassionate. Eva is hard hearted and egotist. Eva’s husband
had left only one thousand dollars as his insurance money. It was not sufficient to maintain a
family. It was not even sufficient to pay to the creditors. Rosen advised Eva to run way with
her daughters and let the creditors take the store. Eva did her best to run the store smoothly.
Unfortunately, in a few months the store got empty. Her daughters were starving. Her efforts
could not save her from ruin. Rosen in indeed a self-sacrificing man. He wants to help the
grief-ridden family. He tries to help them in many ways but Eva refuses to accept his offers.
He does not have the courage to express his feelings. He even offers to marry Eva but she
discourages him. “For myself, Eve, I don’t want a thing, absolutely not a thin. For you
and your girlseverything.“Eva’s reply breaks his heart. He thinks, “Am I may be a
murderer she should hate me so much?” when in the end Eva comes to see him, be thinks she
is going to reject his sacrifice. He gets angry and says: “whore, bastard, and bitch. Go away
from her. Go home to your children. “His anger seems to be justified. The theme of the story
is the undaunted struggle of a woman. We must know that it is not love that is the basis of
human society, it is charity.
One for All
Some important remarks
Eva and Rosen together were architects of their tragedies.
If Rosen was at fault, Eva was at greater fault.
Expected Question/statements
1. What is the main theme of the story,

“Take Pity”? Okarians Acadmy Helpline
2. The story, “Take Pity” is a Malik irfan :
presentation of social and cultural set-
Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
up against the economic
repercussions. Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
3. The story, “Take Pity”, depicts the
picture of the modern era and its
problems which determine the factors
and goals. Explain.
4. In “Take Pity”, we read an undaunted struggle of a woman against the exploitation by
a man.
5. “Both Rosen and Eva are studies in contrast. Explain.
26 | P a g e
6. “Whore, bastard, bitch, he shouted at her, “Go away from here. Go home to you
children/how/why/ was Rosen in “Take Pity” provoked to make such remarks about
Eva?
6- The Happy Prince by: Oscar Wilde

Base Question: This story “The Happy Prince” by Oscar Wilde is a fantasy with (fairy tale
elements) a great moral lesion. Fantasy is an art of writing an imaginary story. The word
‘Happy Prince’ is ironic in the sense that in reality or in the story he is a Sad Prince’. The
story is also a bitter criticism on the rulers who live in huge palaces but their people live in
dire poverty and great misery. The life of the Happy Prince is shown in two roles. When the
Happy Prince was alive, he spent a very luxurious and comfortable life in a palace. He was
unaware of the miseries of the common people of the city as he himself led his whole life in
a palace. The reason was that he lived in a palace in which grief, sorrow and misery were no
allowed to enter. After his death, his statue was credited on a tall column where he could
easily the miseries of the common people with his own spiritual eyes. His statue was loaded
with rubies, sapphires, the gold and costly pearls. One night, a swallow settled in the feet of
statue. Then, swallow did whatever the prince wanted to do. Prince did not consider rubies in
his eyes and sapphires in sword and other costly pearls more valuable. Than his poor and
miserable people. The swallow gave them to a son of a seamstress, a playwright, a girl who
sold match boxes. As all the gold and pearls were distributed among the poor and the needy,
the statue become dull and ugly. Meanwhile, the swallow died with frost. The mayor visited
the place and called the happy prince, “little better than the beggar”. The whole statue got
melted but heart did not. The people threw his heart at the dust heap where dead swallow
was already lying. The angles selected the heart of the Happy Prince and dead body of
swallow as the most beautiful things when God demanded. This story has many fairy tale
elements. Those who have kind hearts and help the poor and the needy are always awarded
by God.
One for all.
Useful Remarks about the Story:
1. The story contains great moral lesion for children as well as grown-ups.
2. Spiritual beauty is more valuable than physical beauty.
3. Love and sacrifice are the saving forces.
4. The happy prince said ‘there is no Mystery as great as Miser’.
5. It is true that sacrifice of wealth, health and life wings the pleasure of Allah Almighty.
6. It is a fairy tale in which the bird and the statue of the prince thinks, feel and talk, and
so partly it is also a fable.
7. A fable is a story in which animals and birds act like human beings.
27 | P a g e
8. The fairy tale turned into a satire or criticism of society or humanity.

9. God said to His angles: “In my garden of Paradise, this little bird shall sing for
evermore”.
7- Araby James Joyce

The story “Araby” by James Joyce presents a development of a boy’s mental confusion. In
this story, we see that the romantic love affects the adolescent mind of a school-going boy
deeply. It also shows the disillusions of young boys about life. A boy lived with his aunt and
uncle away from his real parental love. He used to play with his companies on in a street till
dusk. After that, they returned to their homes. Mangan was hi playmate. He fell in love with
his sister. However, he couldn’t express his love to her. Her graceful and pretty image was
always before his eyes. One day, she talked
to him and asked him to go to araby. Araby
was a bazaar. He promised that he would Okarians Acadmy Helpline
bring something for her if he went there.
After reaching there on the fixed day, Malik irfan :
everything appeared to him Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
unimportant.Much cry, little wool. On that Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
much appointed day, he left for Araby very
late with a little money. He went to a shop
and looked at various costly money. He was
utterly disappointed and dejected. He
summed up his bitter experience in these
words: “Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by
vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger. The realization of the reality is the
message/theme of the story. All that glitters is no gold. Moral lesson behind the story is that
young ones should be guided in all matters of practical importance.
8- The Tell-Tale Heart by: Edgar Ellan Poe

28 | P a g e
Poe is rightly considered as one of the originators of the detective story. The present story
shows the psychological abnormalities of the hero’s mind. Anxiety, horror, looming death
and the prick of conscience are tat their best in the story. A guilty conscience needs no
accuser. An old man was the friends of the narrator of this story. One of the old man’s eyes
resembled that of a vulture. It was pale blue eye, with a film over it. One night, he went to
his bed room but he could not kill the old man. He was asleep and his hateful eye was closed.
On the eighth night, he entered his room again. But the old man was awakened and sat up.
Then thinking that the old man might have slept, he threw light on him. To his great horror
he saw the old man sitting with his eye open. He grew furious. He dragged the old man to the
floor, pulled the heavy bed over him and pressed. Then he dismembered the corpse. The
narrator proves himself. A wolf in sheep’s clothing. When he had finished his work, the bell
sounded, three policemen entered the room. The murdered satisfied them. After some time
the murdered heard the sound of a beating heart. He could not bear it any longer. He shrieked
and said, “I admit the deed! Tear up the planks! – Here, here! It is the beating of his
hideous heart”. The hero killed the old man without any justification. The events show that
the killer was suffering from some kind of psychological abnormalities.
B.A English Notes On Most important Precis Writing For

Exams
*Just Practice These Exercise :Then You Will Be Able To Attempt Precie in Exam*
COMPREHENSIONS UNSOLVED PSSAGES
1. Read the following passage and answer the question given at the end. (10 + 15 = 25)
Fortunately, however, the growth of industrialism has coincided in the west with the
growth of democracy. It is possible now, if the population of the world does not
increase too fast, for one man’s labour to produce much more than is needed to
provide a bare subsistence for himself and his family. Given an intelligent democracy
not misled by some dogmatic creed, this possibility will be used to raise the standard
of life. It has been so used to a limited extent, in Britain and America, and would have
been so used more effectively but for war. Its use in raising the standard of life has
depended mainly upon three things; democracy, trade unionism, and birth control. All
three, of course, have incurred hostility from the rich. If these three things can be
extended to rest of the world as it becomes industrialized, and if the danger of great
wars can be eliminated, poverty can be abolished throughout the whole world, and
excessive hours of labour will create a regime like that in which the Pharaohs build the
pyramids. In particular, if the world population continues to increase at the present
rate, the abolition if poverty and excessive work will be totally impossible.
Question:
(i) What connection does the writer show between industrialism and democracy?

29 | P a g e
(ii) How can the standard of life be

raised?
(iii) How can poverty be abolished? Okarians Acadmy Helpline
(iv) What will be the impact of Malik irfan :
increase in population at the
Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
present rate?
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
passage.
(vi) Make a precis of the passage.
____________________________________
____________________________________________
2. Read the following passage and answer the questions given at the end. (10 + 15 = 25)
Real beauty is as much an affair of the inner as of the outer self. The beauty of a
porcelain jar is a matter of shape, of colour, of surface texture. The jar may be empty
or tenanted by spiders, full of honey or stinking slime – it makes no difference to its
beauty or ugliness. But a woman is live, and her beauty is therefore not skin deep. The
surface of the human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents. ] have
seen women who, by the standards of a connoisseur of porcelain, were ravishingly
lovely. Their shape, their colour, their surface texture were perfect. And yet they were
not beautiful. For the lovely vase was either empty or filled with some corruption.
Spiritual emptiness or ugliness shows through. And conversely, there is an interior
light that can transfigure forms that the pure aesthetician would regard as imperfect of
downright ugly. There are numerous forms of psychological ugliness. There is an
ugliness of stupidity, for example, of unawareness (distressingly common among
pretty women). An ugliness also of greed, of lasciviousness, of avarice. All the deadly
sins, indeed, have their own peculiar negation of beauty. On the pretty face of those
especially who are trying to have a continuous good time, one sees very often a kind
of bored sullenness that ruins all their charm.
Question:
(i) What does real beauty signify?
(ii) Where does the beauty of a porcelain jar lie?
(iii) Differentiate between inner beauty and outer beauty.
(iv) Point out some forms of psychological ugliness.
(v) Make a precis of the passage.
30 | P a g e
A person who is aware of his duties and rights in his society in a good citizens. He
knows that he is a member of a group with which he is associated by a thousand and
one ties. He realizes that he should live in harmony with other members of society.
Man cannot live without a society. He cannot live alone. He must live with his fellow
human beings. But living in a society means cooperation with other members of that
society. When you live in a society, you have to live as others live. You have to accept
the conditions and traditions that a society prescribes for its members. These
conditions and standards of behavior are for the common good and welfare of the
society and individuals. Society gives you some rights and some duties.
A good citizen does his best to do his duty to the society. He always deeps in view the
interests of his fellow citizens.
A good citizen is aware of the fact that his is indebted to his society in many ways. He
knows that the labour and work of countless persons have enriched his life. His life, to
a very great extent, depends on others. He has received much in material and spiritual
benefits from others. It is only just and right that he should pay his debts.
How does a good citizen pay his debts to the society? By living a useful and fruitful
life. He lives not for himself alone. He lives for others. He pays his taxes. He takes
keen interest in the affairs of his state. He does not live in isolation. He selfish. He is
tolerant, kind and virtuous.
Question:
(i) Give a suitable title to passage.
(ii) Who is a good citizen?
(iii) Why is society formed?
(iv) What are the duties of a good citizen?
(v) Make a precis of the passage in about 100 words.
Ought women to have the same rights as men? A hundred year ago, the answer in
every country in the world would have been, “No”. If you had asked, “Why not?” you
would have been told, scornfully and pityingly, that women were weaker and less
clever tan men, ad had worse characters. Even now, in the Twentieth Century, there
are many countries where women are still treated almost like servants, or even slaves.
It is certainly true that the average woman his weaker muscles that the average man.
Thousands of years ago, when men lived in caves and hunted animals for food,
strength of body is still needed for a few kinds of work, but the fact that such kinds of
work are not well paid shows that the Twentieth Century does not think that muscles
are of very great importance.
What about women’s brains? Of course, in countries where girls are not given so good
an education as boys they know less. But in countries where there is the same
education for both, it has been clearly shown that there is no difference at all between
the brain of the average woman and that of the average man. There have been women
31 | P a g e
judges in Turkey, women ambassadors in America, women ministers in the British

government and women University professors in many countries. And among the
greatest and strongest rulers of England were Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria.
But women can do one thing that men cannot: they can produce children. Because
they, and not men, do this, they usually love their children more, and are better able to
look after them, since they are more patient and understanding with small children.
For this reason, many women are happier if they stay at home and look after their
house and family than if they go out and do the same work as men do. It is their own
choice, and not result of being less clever than men.
Question:
(i) Why would you have been told a hundred years ago that women ought not to
have the same rights as men?
(ii) Why was strength of body important thousands of years ago?
(iii) How can we see that it is no longer so important?
(iv) What work does the writer mention that women have done as well as men?
(v) What is particular about women that men can’t do?
(vi) Make a precis of the passage in not more than 120 words.
When the time for a general election approaches, candidates who wish to be elected
travel around with loudspeakers and hold meetings.
They hold meetings before the elections because they wish to appeal the electorate.
They wish to present to the public what they consider to be suitable programme for
legislation when and if they are elected, and they Holding a meeting is probably the
simplest form in influencing public opinion, but it is still a very important method.
The speaker faces his audience, which is then able to gauge his honesty and sincerity.
In these days of political parties, it is more the political party that wields the greater
influence, rather than the individual speaker and what he has to say. Nevertheless if, as
a speaker, he is unimpressive he may do a lot to reduce his party’s chances in the
election.
But public meetings are not the only means of influencing public opinion. Every time
people assemble in a group and discuss some matters, they are employing a method of
forming and persuading opinion. In a democracy it is important that there should
always be this attempt to get some expression of opinion even among the humblest
people. When people meet and formulate opinion they are really helping to govern
themselves. So this method of assessing and gauging public opinion and thereby
arriving at an agreement is of the of is the greatest importance.
Question:
(i) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
(ii) What is the importance of holding public meetings?
(iii) What is meant by “electorate”?
32 | P a g e
(iv) Why does an unimpressive speaker reduce his party’s chances?

(v) What are the means of influencing public opinion?
(vi) Make a precis of the passage in about 1/3 of the whole.
6. Read the following passage and answer the question given at the end. The answers
must be in your own words. (10 + 15 = 25)
Great progress has been made by America in the field of mechanization. It is spending
lavishly on labour-saving machines. Efficient organization of highly mechanized
system has resulted in maximum productivity in America. With mass production, the
amenities of life are available to almost every citizen. On the contrary Europe
subordinates the use of machines to human happiness and welfare. It encourages
man’s reliance on his own faculties and realizes the dangers inherent in the American
scheme. However great the advantages of mechanization, it crushes the creative
faculty of man and makes a machine out of him. His individual liberty and personality
suffer on irretrievable loss. In his moments of leisure the worker finds it difficult to
turn his hands to creative work, because the machine-made goods do not inspire him
in the direction of refinement. These goods also lose their fascination because mass
production has given a setback to the individuality of the articles produced. The
Europeans, therefore, contend that it is better to sacrifice a few material comforts than
crush the aesthetic and spiritual urge in the individual which large-scale mechanization
is doing in America.
Question:
(ii) What is the result of progress in the field of mechanization in America?
(iii) How has it affected the citizens?
(iv) What is the case in Europe?
(v) Why o Europeans sacrifice a few material comforts?
(vi) Make a summary of the passage.
Pakistanis are sometimes treated as suspects as they enter Saudi Arabia. They
procedures for search and investigation are aggressive, and naturally, time-consuming
may be a humiliating experience for a self- respecting Pakistani. Lately, another trend
is developing which can hurt as still more as injury is being added to insult. Quite a
few Saudis are now unwilling to employ Pakistanis as they used to do in the Seventies.
One main reason cited is the incidence of drug-trafficking (business) through
expatriate Pakistanis who, at times, collaborate with durg-traffickers. Thus, the
channel of employment of our labour in Saudi Arabia is drying up, partly owing to our
failing as a people.
Pakistan is a victim as drugs produced in Afghanistan pass through our territory. It
cannot be denied that drugs are produced in Pakistan, but the Government is trying to
33 | P a g e
curtail their production. However, with an estimated indigenous (native) population of

just over three million addicts the local production of drugs does not appear enough to
meet the home demand. Thus, having started as a producer of heroine in 1979, thanks
to the transfer of such technology by a western adventurer, it is now the major
consumer. However, in the western countries, the treatment meted out to Pakistani
nationals is humiliating.
Question:
(i) Why is the treatment humiliating for Pakistanis on entering Saudi Arabia?
(ii) What is the main reason for the reduction of employment opportunities in Saudi
Arabia?
(iii) How much is Pakistan responsible for drug-trafficking?
(iv) Who is technologically responsible for the production of heroin?
(v) Suggest a suitable title to the passage.
(vi) Make a precis of the above passage.
It is common in our day, as it has been in many other periods of the world’s history to
suppose that those among us who are wise have seen through all the enthusiasms of
earlier times and have become aware that there is nothing left to live for. The men who
hold this view are genuinely unhappy but they are proud of their unhappiness which
they attribute to the nature of the universe and consider to the only rational attitude for
an enlightened man. Their pride on their unhappiness makes people suspicious of its
genuineness: they think that man who enjoys being miserable is not miserable. This
view is too simple; undoubtedly there is some slight compensation in the feeling of
superiority and insight which these sufferers have, but it is not sufficient to make up
for the loss of simple pleasure. I do not myself think that there is any superiority
rationality in being unhappy. The wise man will be as happy as circumstances permit
and if he finds the contemplation of the universe painful beyond a point, he will
contemplate something instead. I am persuaded that those who quite sincerely attribute
their sorrows to their views about the universe are putting the cart before the horse: the
truth is that they are unhappy for some reasons of which they are not aware.
Question:
(ii) What is common with the wise today to suppose?
(iii) What is the result of pride on unhappiness?
(iv) How can a wise man be happy?
(v) Make a summary of the passage.

34 | P a g e
Space travel is by far the most expensive type of exploration ever undertaken by man.
The vast expenditure of money and human effort now being devoted to projects for
putting man into space might well be applied to ends more practically useful and more
conducive to human happiness. It is a strange world I which tens of money and effort
that go into the development and construction of a single type of space-rocket would
more than suffice to rid several countries of such scourge as malaria or typhoid fever,
to name only two of the diseases that medical science has conquered but still persist in
the world simply because not enough money and effort are devoted to their
eradication. Why should the richer countries of the world be pouring their resources
into space when poverty and disease on the earth are crying out of relief? One could
give a cynical answer to this question and assert that man’s expensive adventures into
space are merely the by-products of the struggle between great powers for prestige and
possible military advantage.
Question:
(i) Why is it a strange world?
(ii) Why do malaria and typhoid still exist in the world?
(iii) Why is man pouring his resources into space?
(iv) Suggest a suitable title of the passage.
(v) Make a summary of the passage.
10.Read the following passage and answer the question given at the end.The answers
Advertising is essentially the art of communication. As such, its origin can be traced
right back to the origin of the species. “Advertising colouration” is a familiar
biological phrase denoting the colours developed by certain animals to make them
stand out against their natural background. It is the direct opposite of camouflage.
There is always a message in these colours, such as; “keep away, “mind your step”,
direct darling won’t you care for a dance?” While camouflage is tricky and timed,
“advertising” is honest, confidant, and forthright, as far as the world of nature goes. In
human life, advertising through the mouth must have begun with the beginning of
commerce. The tradition is still kept alive by hawkers and street vendors in our towns
and villages. As regards advertising through the written word there is archaeological
evidence that it was being practiced at least 3,000 years ago. An advertisement
offering a gold coin as a reward to anyone tracing out a runaway slave was unearthed
in the ruins of Thebes and is computed to be as old as the third millennium B.C. It was
the prototype of our “lost and found” classified ad that was painted on a wall.
Question:
(i) What was advertising?
(ii) What does the phrase “advertising colouration” mean?
(iii) What is the difference between camouflage and advertising?
(iv) When did verbal and written advertising begin in human life?
35 | P a g e
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.

(vi) Make a précis of the passage.
Fortunately, however, the growth of industrialism has coincided in the West with the
growth of democracy. It is possible now, if the population of the world does not
increase too fast, for one man’s labour to produce much more than is needed to
provide a bare subsistence for himself and his family. Given an intelligent democracy
no misled by some dogmatic creed, this possibility will be used to raise the standard of
life. It has been so used to a limited extent, in Britain and America, and would have so
used more effectively but for war. Its use in raising the standard of life has depended
mainly upon three things: democracy, trade unionism, and birth control. All three, of
course, have incurred hostility from the rich. If these three things can be extended to
the rest of the world as it becomes industrialized, poverty can be abolished throughout
the whole world, and excessive hours of labour will no longer be necessary anywhere.
But without these three things industrialism will create a regime like that in which the
Pharaohs built the pyramids. In particular, if world population continues to increase at
the present rate, the abolition of poverty and excessive work will be totally impossible.
Questions:
(i) What connection does the writer show between industrialism and democracy?
(ii) How can the standard of life be raised?
(iii) How can poverty be abolished?
(iv) What will be the impact of increase in population at the present rate?
(vi) Make a precis of the passage.
must be in your own words. (10 + 15 = 25
Recently the mass media, formerly subservient to the medical profession, have
become increasingly restive and occasionally hostile. In Germany, in particular the
newspaper and television have given a great deal of time and space to the complaints
against the medical profession. In Britain on BBC radio and television, the medical
practices have come under sharp and aggressive criticism. Is this antagonism to the
profession justified? And if so, why? I have tried to answer that question by looking at
the way it deals with some of the diseases of our civilization including the most lethal,
heart-attacks and cancer. What is required in the relationship between the doctor and
the patient? The trust and unshakable trust, I would say. Montaigne said; “I honour
physicians not for their services but for themselves”. That goes for me too.
Question:
(i) What do you understand by the mass media?
36 | P a g e
(ii) What is the writer’s stance towards the medical profession?

(iii) What is a lethal disease? Explain.
(iv) Is there a radical change in the
presentation of the art of
healing by the mass media? Okarians Acadmy Helpline
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the
passage. Malik irfan :
(vi) Make a precis of the passage. Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
13.Read the following passage and Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
answer the question given at the
end.The answers must be in your own
words. (10 + 15 = 25
Moral self-control, and external
prohibition of harmful acts, are not
adequate methods of dealing with our anarchic instincts. The reason they are
inadequate is that these instincts are capable of many disguises as the Devil in
medieval legend, and some of these disguises deceive deceive even the elect. The only
adequate method is to discover what are the needs of our instinctive nature, and then
to search for the least harmful way of satisfying them. Since spontaneity is what is
most thwarted by machine, the only thing that can be provided is opportunity, the use
made of opportunity must be left to the initiative of the individual. No doubt,
considerable expense would be involved but it would not be comparable to the
expense of war. Understanding of human mature must be the basis of any real
improvement in human life. Science has done wonders in mastering the laws of the
physical world, but our own nature is much less understood, as yet than the nature of
stars and electrons. When science learns to understand human nature, it will be able to
bring happiness into our lives which machines and the physical science have failed to
create.
Question:
(i) Why are moral self-control, and external prohibition inadequate to deal with to
deal with our anarchic instincts?
(ii) What is the adequate method of anarchic instincts?
(iii) What should be the basis of any real improvement in human life?
(iv) How can science help humanity to achieve happiness?
(vi) Make a precis of the passage
14.Read the following passage and answer the question given at the end. (The answers
must be in your own words.) (10 + 15 = 25)
Poverty is almost as widely shared as Islam in Afghanistan. Except for a small number
of wealthy traders, nomadic tribal leaders, and the Royal family and its retainers, few
37 | P a g e
Afghans have lived far from the basic level of subsistence. Throughout the century
their diet consists of coarse bread, tea, and dairy products, supplemented by fruits and
vegetables in season and an occasional serving of mutton or chicken. Though the food
is never plentiful, the Afghan diet during good crop years appears to be sufficient to
support a vigorous population but the precariousness of the food supply is obvious
from the drastic and continuing erosion of the soil and the creeping desertization of its
landscape. The poverty of most Afghan farmers and herders has imposed an elemental
quality on their culture. Values are oriented toward social survival. Loyalty to the
primary group ultimately takes precedence over self-assertion, despite the great
importance given to personal independence. The conflict between these competing
values is a major feature of Afghan life, but in-group loyalty has necessarily played
the paramount role in the shaping of the attitudes toward fellow Afghans and
outsiders.
Question:
(i)
(ii) What does the diet of Afghan people consist of?
(iii) Why is the food supply becoming so precarious?
(iv) What is the major feature of Afghan life?
(v) Make a suitable title of the passage.
Great progress has been made by America in the field of mechanization. It is spending
lavishly on labour-saving machines. Efficient organization of highly mechanized
system has resulted in maximum productivity in America. With mass production, the
amenities of life are available to almost every citizen. On the contrary Europe
subordinates the use of machines to human happiness and welfare. It encourages
man’s reliance on his own faculties and realize the dangers inherent in the American
scheme. However great the advantages of mechanization, it crushes the creative
faculty of man and makes a machine out of him. His individual liberty and personality
suffer on irretrievable loss. In his moments of leisure the worker finds it difficult to
turn his hands to creative work, because the machine-made goods do not inspire him
in the direction of refinement. These good also lose their fascination because mass
production has given a setback to the individuality of the articles produced. The
Europeans, therefore, contend that it is better to sacrifice a few material comforts than
crush the aesthetic and spiritual urge in the individual which large-scale mechanization
is doing in America.
Question:
(i) What is the result of progress in the field of mechanization in America?
(ii) How has it affected the citizens?
38 | P a g e
(iii) What is the case in Europe?

(iv) Why do Europeans sacrifice a few material comforts?
(v) Make a suitable title of the passage.
The rich nations have made adjustments after the 1973 oil crisis, but the poor nations,
who cannot afford the continue using oil, have to look for alternatives in order to keep
up the pace of their development. The sun, therefore, offers a free supply of thermo-
dynamically high0quality fuel – to countries that located in the earth’s solar belt (35N,
35S of the Equator), where the sun comes out every day, keeping its radiant energy
undiminished. What, however, stand ini the way, are a series of institutional and
economic barriers which must be overcome if solar energy is to have an impact on the
energy scene. The solar energy plan requires new ways of thinking. It calls for a shift
from centralized energy supply systems to on-site decentralized distribution of energy.
The term ‘on-site derives from the limited areas within which the energy produced by
a system is consumed. It rests its emphasis on the social benefits rather than the cost
benefits of a system.
Question:
(i) What is the effect of 1973 oil crisis on poor nations?
(ii) What are the obstacles in the way of acquiring solar energy?
(iii) What system of distribution does the author recommend for solar energy?
(iv) What does the term “on-site” mean?
The grand strategy for his campaign against Muslim backwardness envisaged two
main activities, namely; a weekly periodical to propagate progressive social and
religious ideas among the intelligentsia and an institution of higher learning to impart
modern education to the new generation. The two projects in his mind were closely
interlinked; for without an enlightened public opinion adequate support for the
educational institution could not be ensured and, obversely, without modern education
the new generation would never outgrow its elders’ prejudices return to India for “the
uplift and reform of the Muslim”, but with which his connection was not to be
divulged. He had a block prepared in England for title page of the periodical, which
was to be called the Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq in Urdu and the Mohammedan Social Reformer
in English.
Question:
(i) What was the strategy against Muslim backwardness?
39 | P a g e
(ii) Why were the two projects interlinked in his mind?

(iii) What was Syed Ahmed’s proposal about the periodical?
(iv) When did he propose the establishment of the periodical?
Teaching more even than most other professions, has been transformed during the last
hundred years from a small, highly skilled profession concerned with a minority of the
population, to a large and important branch of the public service. The profession has a
great and honorable tradition extending from the dawn of history until recent times,
but any teacher in the modern world who allows himself to be inspired by the ideals of
his predecessors is likely to be made sharply aware that it is not his function to teach
what he thinks, but instill such beliefs and prejudices as are thought useful by his
employers. In former days, a teacher was expected to be a man of exceptional
knowledge or wisdom to whose words men would do well to attend. In antiquity,
teachers were not an organized profession and no control was exercised over what
they taught. It is true they were oftenpunished afterwards for their subversive
doctrines. Socrates was put to death and Plato is said to have been thrown into prison,
but such incidents did not interfere with the spread of their doctrines.
Question:
(i) What changes have occurred in the profession of teaching during the last
hundred years?
(ii) What were the teachers supposed to be in golden days?
(iii) What is the function of a teacher nowadays?
(iv) Write a note on the rewards that a teacher gets nowadays.
This brings me along to democracy, even love the beloved Republic which feed upon
freedom. Democracy is not a Beloved Republic really and never will be. But it is less
hateful than other contemporary forms of Government and to that extent it deserves
our support. It does start from the assumption that the individual is important and that
all types are needed to make a civilization is does not divide its citizens into bossers
and bossed as an efficiency regime tends to do. The people I admire most are those
who are sensitive and want to create something or discover something and do not see
life in terms of power and such people get more of a chance under a democracy than
elsewhere. They find religions great or small or they produce literature and art or they
do disinterested scientific research or they may be what is called ordinary people who
40 | P a g e
are creative in their private lives, bring up their children decently for instance or help
their neighbours. All those people need to express themselves; they cannot do so
unless society allows them liberty to do so and the society which allows them allows
them most liberty is democracy.
Question:
(i) What other advantages of democracy can you think of in addition to the fact that
it allows most liberty?
(ii) Summarize the writer’s definition of creative persons.
(iii) Why does the writer call democracy a less hateful form of Government?
(iv) What type of people does the writer like?
20.Read the following passage and answer the question given at the end. The answers
Effectively regulated by law, and mitigated by governmental controls. Fear – in the
acute form in which we know it – will disappear when war is no longer to be expected.
There remains hate and malevolence. This has a deep hold on human nature. The wide
diffusion of malevolence is one of the most unfortunate things in human nature, and it
must be lessened if a world State is to be stable. It can be lessened, and be very
quickly. If peace becomes secure there will be a very rapid increase of material
prosperity, and this tends more than anything else to provide a mood of kindly feeling.
Consider the immense diminution of cruelty in Britain during the Victorian Age; this
was mainly due to rapidly increasing wealth in all classes. I think we may confidently
expect a similar effect throughout the world owing to the increased wealth that will
result from the elimination of war. A great deal, also, is to be hoped from a changed
propaganda. Nationalist propaganda, in any violent form, will have to be illegal, and
children in school will not be taught to hate and despise foreign nations.
Question:
(i) What are the chief causes of large-scale violence in the world?
(ii) How can hate be lessened?
(iii) How can material prosperity be achieved?
(iv) How can nationalist propaganda be controlled?
21.Read the following passage and answer the question given at the end. The answers
The man who is perpetually hesitating which of the two things he will do first, will do
neither. The man who resolves but suffers his resolution to be changed by the first
counter suggestion of a friend who fluctuates from opinion to opinion, from plan, and
veers like a weather-cook to every pint of the compass, with every breath of caprice
41 | P a g e
that blows-can never accomplish anything great or useful instead of being progressive
to any thing, he will be at best
stationary, and more probably
retrograde in all. It is only the man Okarians Acadmy Helpline
who first consults wisely, then
Malik irfan :
resolves firmly and then executes his
purpose with inflexible perseverance Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
undismayed by those difficulties Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
which daunt a weaker spirit that can
advance to eminence in any time.
Take your course wisely, but firmly,
and haven taken it, hold upon it with
heroic resolution and the Alps and Pyrenees will sink before you. Wavering and
fickleness of the mind are not only signs of a weak personality but also symptoms of
inferiority complex. Taking a decision promptly and then sticking to it firmly may be
the quality found rarely in the selected few but average human beings are quite
capable of developing the habit of thinking deeply and wisely and then executing the
plans efficiently. It can be achieved through guidance, will power and psychological
treatment.
Questions:
(i) What is the result of indecisiveness?
(ii) Why should a man refrain from changing his plans after taking a firm decision?
(iii) What are the conditions of successful accomplishment of a task?
(iv) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
(v) Make a precis of the above passage.
Passage No. 1
22-The great advantage of early rising is the good start that it gives us in our day’s work. The
early riser does a large amount of work before other men have got out of bed. In the early
morning, the mid is fresh and there are few sounds or other distractions, so that work done at
such time is generally well done. In many cases, the early riser also finds time to take some
exercise in the fresh morning air and this exercise supplies him with a fund of energy that
will until evening.
By beginning so early, he knows that he has plenty of time to do thoroughly all the
work he can be expected to do and is not tempted to and hurry over any part of it. All his
working being finished in good times, he has a long interval of rest in the evening before the
timely hours when he goes to bed. He gets to sleep several hours before midnight, at the time
when sleep is most refreshing and after a sound night’s rest, rises early next morning in good
health and spirits for the labour of a new day.

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Question:
1. What is the great advantage of early rising?
2. Why should one take exercise in the morning and begin ones work so early?
3. Make a precis of the passage given above.
Passage No. 23
Tracts of land from which coal is obtained are called coal=fields. These so – called fields are
not on the surface or earth, like or rice or wheat, but at some depth below it. They consist of
layers of beds which run under the grounds. When a layer of kind has been opened, the
opening is called a mine and hence coal is classed as a mineral. India possesses many coal-
fields but much fewer and smaller than those of England in proportion to the size of the
country. The coal too is inferior quality. It is without gas it leaves much larger amount of ash
when it is burnt.
Question:
1. What are coal-fields?
2. What is a mine and why is coal termed as a mineral?
3. How are the coal-fields in India compared with those in England?
4. Make a precis of the passage given above.
Passage No. 3
Mankind has undoubtedly progressed since medieval times. The earliest man lived like brute.
Individuals fought among themselves and the strong destroyed the weak ‘for that is the law
of the jungle the law of irrational life. But man was not an animal like other animals. He
possessed rational faculties. These faculties gradually developed and appeared in his actions
and man gave up the law of the jungle and evolved his own rational laws. Men saw that the
law of physical strength was not applicable to their lives. They realized that they ‘’had souls
and the strength of a being with a soul can consist in a variety of capabilities other souls and
the strength of a being with a soul can consist in a variety of capabilities other than the power
to hack and hew, tear and bite. For instance, a man can be strong in reasoning or making
tools or in controlling the actions of other rational beings with the power of song or speech.
Thus men realized that they should not be fighting among themselves but should be working
together and giving one another opportunities to develop their respective strength. This was
the first step in man’s progress. By his means men gained much control over the forces of
Nature and made each other so much wiser and comfortable that they were convinced that
they were least good creation of God.
Question:
1. How did the earliest man live?

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2. What is the law of the jungle?

3. What was the difference between man and animals?
4. What did man learn to do when his reasoning was developed?
5. What did man realize?
24. Tolstoy was born in a forty two room palace, surrounded by wealth, yet in the past
part of his life, he gave away all of his wealth and died without a dollar in a small Russian
station surrounded by peasant.
In his youth; Tolstoy led a life of luxury, ‘yet in his later life, he dressed in the rough
clothes of a peasant, made his own bed, swept his own room, and ate a very simple foo.
Tolstoy is more famous today than all the kings of Russia,, He wrote two great novels,
namely. War and Peace and Anna Karenina. He preached peace and love and the abolition of
poverty. He loved and served the poo.
Question:
1. Who was Tolstoy? To which country did he belong?
2. What are the names of his novels?
3. What sort of life did he lead?
4. What did he preach?
5. Write a short note on the life of Tolstoy.
6. Suggest a suitable title and make a Precis of the passage given above.
25. A great part of Arabia is desert. Here there is nothing but sand and rock. The sand is
so hot that you cannot walk over it with your bare feet in day time. Here and there in the
desert are springs of water that come from deep down under the ground. These springs are
few and far apart, but wherever there is one, green grass very soon covers the ground all
around it. Soon fig trees and palm trees grow tall and graceful, making a cool, green shady
place around the spring. Such a place is called oasis.
The Arabs who are not in the cities live in the desert all the year around. They live in
tents that can be put up and taken down very easily and quickly, so that they can move from
one oasis to another. These desert Arabs eat ripe, sweet figs and also the dates that grow
upon the palm trees. They dry them, too, and use them as food all the year round.
Question:
1.
2. What is an oasis?
3. How do the desert Arabs live?
44 | P a g e
4. What do the desert Arabs eat?

5. Give it an appropriate heading.
26- The village canal is a great blessing especially in summer. How anxiously and eagerly
the village folk look forward to the day when the water arrives. What a jot it is for all,
especially, the farmers who always in majority. The know that they will now find rest and
relief from the constant labour of watering their fields by their wells, their bullocks will
also have an easier time, and so the camels and buffaloes. They canal brings food and
drink to the fields as no other water can give them.
The canal in summer is a joy to everybody in the village. Men and women may be
seen bathing in it at all hours in the day. At mid-day the women take out their washing
and do a good day’s work. Children wash and bathe and swim and play in the water. They
bring their cattle also for a drink, bath and wash. The buffaloes like to lie in the water for
hours on end. The canal provides a daily festival for the villagers and if it dries up for a
few days, everybody feels so miserable.
Question:
1. IN what way is the canal a blessing for the villagers.
2. Why is the canal water the best for irrigation?
3. What happens if the canal dries up for a few days?
27- In the past, the western civilization was not superior to the civilization of the Muslims
and the Chinese. It was less strong and less tolerant. Then a number of men of great ability
like Kepler and Newton were born in the West. These men gave great power to the western
civilization. These people laid the foundation of modern science and the industrial
revolution. The most important features of the present-western civilization has alone been
distinguished by its energy and intolerance.
The Greeks were less intolerant than their predecessors but they killed Socrates
because of his opinion. On certain matters, he held different views from the accepted view of
that time. In the Muslim world, however, Christians and Jews were not in any kind of danger
as long as they paid tribute to the Muslims. But throughout the Christian world, death was
the penalty for disagreeing with the views of Church.
Question:
1. How was the western civilization in the past?
2. What are the distinctive features of the western civilization?
3. Why was Socrates killed?
4. Do you think that the Muslims of Pakistan are tolerant?
28- The traffic police consider women better drivers than men. They think women drivers
are more careful and law-abiding. Women, unlike men area not excited by the environments
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through which they drive. They do not look around foot paths and passing vehicles. This
reasoning is all wrong. Naturally women do not look around in our cities. As for the
argument that women drivers are not excited by their outer environments, it is even more
easily taken care of. Naturally they are not, because they are too engrossed in themselves.
This therefore does not prove that women are better drivers that men; only than men; only
that they are bigger introvert,. Indeed, many would lestify that women are so indifferent to
what is going on outside that they quite indiscriminately run over everything from a dog to a
full grown man. All the time, they are driving, they are probably thinking of nothing else
except themselves.
Question:
1. Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
2. Why do traffic police consider women better drivers than men?
3. How far is the reasoning of the traffic expert wrong?
4. Write a brief note on the performance of traffic police of your city.
29- Advertisements are and essential to the newspaper of today. Its finances depend on them.
Without them, it would have either to raise tis price to a level that it is disastrous to its
circulation, or reduce its size so drastically that again its sales would fall suddenly or like
many foreign papers, submit to being run at a heavy loss by some rich man for his own or
other ends. Advertisement revenue is the safe guard of paper’s independence, and it is
something of a paradox that it is from the advertiser that very occasionally a threat to its
independence comes. Cases in which an advertiser crudely threatens to withdraw his
advertisement because of something a paper has said are very rare, although instance could
be quoted.
Question:
1. Suggest a suitable title for the passage and made a precis.
2.
3.
4. How do the advertisements safeguard the newspapers?
30- Science can give two kinds of benefits; it can decrease bad thing sand it can increase
good things. Science can end poverty and long horse of labour. In the earliest period of
human race, before agricultures, each human individual required two or more square miles to
maintain life. To keep oneself alive was difficult and death from starvation was frequent. At
the stage, men had the same mixture of misery and carefree enjoyments as make up the lives
of other animals. Agricultures was a technical advance of the same kind of importance as is
the modern machine industry. The way that agriculture was used is and awful warming to
our age. It introduced slavery and serfdom human sacrifice, absolute monarchy and large
wars. Instead of raising the standard of life, except for small governing minority. It merely

46 | P a g e
increased the population. On the whole, it probably increased the sum of human misery. It is
not impossible that industrialism may take the same course.
Question:
1. What are two possible benefits of science?
2. What was the condition of man before agriculture was introduced.
3. Suggest a suitable title for the passage and make a precis.
31. Atomic Energy promises vast possibilities to mankind. Einstein introduced theory of
atom which tells that matter and energy can be converted into each other and energy has
thousands of uses. The problem was how to split atom and get energy and it was made
possible in 1938 by Hahn and Steersman. Then came self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
Although atomic reactors are not perfect machines and one per cent to total energy is –
reduced through them, even this amount is enormous. One pound of uranium gives energy
equivalent to three million pounds of coal. Better reactors will produce more energy with
lesser cost and longer duration in future. The uses of atomic energy are manifolds. It can
bring peace and prosperity to the world if used wisely, but simultaneously it can destroy this
earth if used for destructive purposes. It depends upon man to avail it positively and
properly.
Question:
2. What is the theory of Einstein regarding atom.
3. How much nuclear energy is released by one pound of Uranium?
4. How is atomic energy used for the destruction of mankind?
32. Among the manifold misfortunes that may befall humanity, the loss of health is one of
the severest. All the joys which life can give cannot outweigh the sufferings of the sick. Give
the sick man everything and leave him his sufferings, and he will feel that half the world is
lost to him. Lay him on a soft silken couch he will nevertheless groan sleepless under the
pressure of his sufferings, while the miserable beggar, blessed with health, sleeps sweetly on
the hard ground. Spread his table with dainty meats and choice drinks and he will thrust back
the hand that prefers them and envy the poor man who thoroughly enjoys his dry crust; let
his chair be a throne, and his crutch a world swaying scepter, he will look with contemptuous
eye on marble, on gold, on purple and would deem himself happy, could he enjoy, even were
it under a thatched roof the health of the meanest of his servants.
Question:
1. Suggest a suitable title and make a precis.
2. What is the severest calamity that befalls mankind?
3. Compare the condition of a healthy man with that of a sick monarch?

47 | P a g e
4. What are the advantages of being healthy?

33. Very few students have really any clear idea of what science means. The teaching of
science in schools tends of obscure the meaning of science. When pupils at school work for a
pass in a science subject; they regard it their main business to learn a large number of facts
and smaller number of principles and theories. Now all this is good in its way. A scientist
must have a certain number of facts, principles and theories, at his finger tips. But science
would cease to be science if scientists
merely work for fixed sets of facts and
theories. The essence of science is the
Okarians Acadmy Helpline
gathering of new facts and the establishment
of new theories. Science has advanced Malik irfan :
rapidly in recent history because scientists Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
have been greedy for new knowledge, and
because they have been so ready to
disbelieve in text books o their youth. It is
therefore, most important to give our young
students of science an awareness of
skepticism and open mindedness; that is the
very soul of science. Let them realize that science is essentially a creative activity.
Question:
1. How does teaching of science obscure the meaning of science?
2. What is the essence of science?
3.
4.
5. Explain the meaning of the following.
6. Finger tip, Rapidly, Essence, Skepticism.
34- Trees are useful to man in three important ways; they provide him wood and other
products; they give him shade and the y help to prevent drought and flood.
Unfortunately, in many parts of the world. Man has not realized that the third of these
services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profits, from the trees, he has
cut them down in large number only to find that with them, he has lost the best friends he
had.
Two thousand years ago, a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to buy
warships with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but without its trees, its
soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces the home country’ found itself
faced by floods and starvation.

48 | P a g e
Even where a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is

difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants to cook his food with
and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually
too lazy or too careless to plant and look after new trees. So unless the government has a god
system of control or can educate the people, the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that the villager’s sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The
results are-even more serious, for where their roots break the soil up, allowing the rain falls
on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing flood and carrying away with it the
rich top soil in which crops grow so well. When all the top soil is gone, nothing remains but
worthless desert.
Question:
1. How trees are useful to man?
2. What is the most important service of trees to man?
3. Why does a villager cut down a tree?
4. What happens to land in the end after all the trees are cut down?
5. Write a short note on the advantages of trees?
6. Suggest a suitable title for the passage and make a Precis.
35- Every one knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state. Without it, it would not be
possible to pay to the soldiers and policemen who protect us and the workers in government
officers who look ‘after our health, our food, our water and all the other things that we
cannot do for ourselves or also the ministers and the members of parliament who govern the
country. BY means of taxation we pay for thins that we need as much as we need somewhere
to live and something to eat.
But though every one knows that taxation is necessary’ different people have different
ideas how taxation should be arranged? Should each person has to pay a certain amount of
money to the government each year? Or should there be tax on things that people buy and
sell? If the first kind of taxation is used, should everyone pay the same tax whether he is rich
or poor? If the second kind of tax is preferred, should everything be taxed equally? In most
countries, a direct tax on persons which is called income tax exists. It is arranged in such a
way that poor people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer’s
income grows. IN England for example, the tax on the richest people goes up as high as
ninety percent.
But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too. Many
things imported into the country have to pay taxes or duties. It is the men and women who
buy these important things in the shops who really have to pay the duties in the form of
higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most
necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected but the poor people suffer most. If

49 | P a g e
unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is obtained but the case is
fairer as the rich pay it. Perhaps this kind of indirect tax together with a direct tax on incomes
which is low for the Spoor and high for the rich is the best arrangement.
Question:
1. Who has to be paid out of taxes?
2. How is income tax arranged?
3. How in indirect tax arranged?
5. Do you think that tax system in our country is correct? What is the main defect in it?
36- Ships are not of course made chiefly for pleasure. Their biggest use is that they carry god
from country to country. If ships did not exist, the British Government would be quite unable
to feed the people in the British Isles. Aeroplans are much too expensive and there are not
enough of them to feed even a small country like England. Trains cannot cross seas, and
even if they could, the amount of goods they can carry cannot be compared with the amount
that ships can. In fact, ships can carry more goods than any other means of transport and do
so more.
This slowness means that travelers who want to get in a hurry and who have not got
too much luggage somewhere now usually prefer to fly rather than go by ships. But even for
passengers, ships have the advantage of being cheaper than trains or aeroplanes and also
much more comfortable. Ships have played a very important part in history by making it
possible to discover more and more distant parts of our world.
Columbus used ships to discover America about 450 years ago. And even now, ships
are used for exploring the Antarctic. It would in fact not be too much to say that ships have
for thousands of years played one of the most important parts in shaping society. (From
Hill’s book on Precis Writing).
Question:
1. What is the most important use of ships?
2. Why cannot Airplanes be used to carry all the goods from abroad that England needs?
3. How have ships played an important part in history?
4. Suggest a suitable title for it and make a Precis.
5. Write a note on the advantages of ships?
37- Work, therefore, is desirable first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom for the
boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is nothing in
comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days. With
this advantage of work another is associated namely that it makes holidays much more

50 | P a g e
delicious provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor. He is likely to
find far more zest in his free time than an idle man possible find.
Question:
1. Why is work desirable?
2. How an uninteresting work is not more tiring than idleness?
3. Write a brief note on the advantages of work?
4. How can work be made useful?
5. Suggest a suitable title for it and make a precis of the passage given above.
38- Marriage is a vital part of life and like any other partnership of business, it has its periods
of depression and periods of elation. The same principles used in business can profitable be
employed in marriage; patience, willingness to sacrifice and tolerance help to avoid friction.
Why the monotony of household duties, weighs us, when we never get to remember as in
other aggravation. “This too shall be away”. The household disorder caused by children is
only for a short period in life. All to quickly it ceases. The aggravations and inconveniences
of constant illness also pass away and are a part of life and not of marriage. The sleepless
night pass, and all too soon, we have more time than we desire for sleep. The poor men and
women have no monopoly on the cares and worries in life. Rich and poor share alike in all
experiences. Separately, man and woman cannot find happiness. Together they can give it to
the future generation.
Question:
1. How is married life a sort of business?
2. How can we overcome the hardships of married life?
3. Can man or woman separately give happiness to the future generation?
4. What part do the moral qualities play in making a marriage successful?
5. How can a newly married couple make his life happy and comfortable?
39- Honesty is the surest way to success. The day at last comes when the dishonest man
repents in sorrows and sufferings; but no man ever needs to repent, of having been honest.
Even when the honest man fails as he does sometime, through lacking other qualities such as
energy, economy or system, his failure is not the grievous thing it is to the dishonest man; for
he can always rejoice in the fact that he has never defrauded a fellow being. Even in his
darkest hour, he finds repose in a clear cut conscience. Ignorant men imagine that dishonesty
is a short cut to prosperity. This is why, they practice it. The dishonest man is morally short
sighted. He is like the drunkard who sees the immediate pleasure of his habit, but not the
ultimate degradation. He sees the immediate effect of a dishonest act, a larger profit but not
its ultimate outcome. He does not see that an accumulated number of such acts must
inevitably undermine his character and bring his business toppling about his ears in ruin.
Questions:
51 | P a g e
1. Why does an honest’ man even fail sometime?

2. How does failure affect an honest man?
3. What is the difference between the failure of an honest and a dishonest man?
4. Why do some people practice dishonesty in their dealings?
5. What is the ultimate effect’ of following a dishonest policy?
6. Suggest a suitable title for it prepare a precis of the passage quoted above.
40- Run all the pupils into the same mould. The school should not be a foundary. The school
should be a garden. Education should, therefore, prepare for life which itself is the larger
education. IT should be adapted to the present condition and the prospective needs of the
pupil. The growing recognition of this truth has added industrial training to academic
education, to enjoy and opportunity for education is the right of every individual to make to
make that opportunity so varied as to meet the varied needs of the members is the duty of
society, to avail himself of the opportunity, to make all of himself that ‘he can make, is the
duty of every individual.
Question:
1. What is the duty of man in life?
2. Why should a school be a garden and not a foundary?
3. What is the duty of society in respect of education?
4. What is the right of an individual in respect of education?
5. Make a Precis of the passage given above and suggest a title for it.
41- The first thing necessary to the pleasure of reading is that when people are young, they
should acquire, the habit of reading. This is, becoming more and more difficult. Railways
have altered people’s habit by making them move about much more, although they take
people away from home; a long journey affords a first rate opportunity for reading. They
were, therefore, not an unmixed advantage. But now things about them are changing. The
motor car is altogether unfavorable to reading. People consume more time in moving than
they did in the past and they consume it under conditions which, even for people with good
eyes, must make reading difficult, if not possible. The radio, with all its delights is not being
added as a distraction to divert people from time to time that night be given to the pleasure of
reading. The cinematograph is another change in the same direction and flying is becoming
more and more common. A further disadvantage to reading is the greed disadvantage of
picture papers which are tending to divert people not only from reading but also from
thought. All these things must make it more difficult for successive generation to acquire the
habit or reading and, if that habit be acquired to; we should try to maintain it. (Pleasure of
reading – by Viscount)
Question:
1. When should people acquire the habit of reading?

52 | P a g e
2. How are it difficult to acquire the habit of reading in the presence of modern
inventions?
3. What are the disadvantages of picture papers?
4. Write a note on the pleasure of reading.
5. Suggest a suitable title for the passage and make a Precis of it.
42- Practically all the progress that man has made is due to the fact that he is mortal. He has
recognized that as he is in this world only for a little while, and this knowledge has been a
goad to stimulate him to make a diligent use of whatever talents he is endowed with. The
secrets of Nature have been wrested from her grudging fingers by men who, knowing they
were mortal, have sought to comprehend the mysteries of the world around them in the hope
that knowledge might enable them if not to circumvent death at least to ameliorate the
asperities of life for themselves and for others.
All the instincts and emotions are reinforced by death. If we were not mortal, the
paternal and maternal instincts would not dominate our lives as strongly as they do if we
know that we would never die’ we should have no desire for children to perpetuate our a
names and carry on the succession of the race. Thus, ultimately we should arrive at a world
without a child’ and a world without a child would be a place in which there was not call for
some of the most beautiful emotions to which the human soul gives expressions. And death
lends a peculiar sanctity to human love. A man may love his books, but the love he bears his
wife, his children or his friends, is something deeper and more sublime; it is love intensified
and purified by the thought’ that human life is a finite thing which may at any moment be
touched by the finger of death.
Questions:
1. How man has made progress in the world?
2. What are the advantages of being mortal?
3. How will a world without child book?
4. How does death make us explore the mysteries of life?
5. Suggest a suitable title for it and make precis.
43- The question why we marry is interesting and needs to be examined briefly. Marriage
has social sanctity. It makes you respectable in the eyes of others. It is traditional to get
married. Also, desire to perpetuate name on earth through our off springs exists in all of us.
Again, the interest to possess is strong in human beings. One also marries because an
average celibate life is devoid of comfort and women. Again most of us cannot indulge in
sex outside. Of course, in actual life, it is nothing of that sort or, at least, not supposed to
spend money on things you never knew even existed or were used by human beings. You
realize that your wife is jealous and such realizations spring upon you with an absolutely
clean conscience. Alas! One learns the truth but too late. (Huxley)

53 | P a g e
Questions:
1. Suggest a suitable title for the
paragraph. Okarians Acadmy Helpline
2. What are the reasons for getting Malik irfan :
married? Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
3. Write a note on some of the romantic
illusions which surround marriage? Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
4. What are the disadvantages of getting
married?
44- Teaching more even than most other
professions, has been transformed during the
last hundred years from a small, highly skilled profession concerned with a minority of the
population, to a large and important branch of the public service. The profession has a great
and honorable tradition extending from the dawn of history until recent times, but any
teacher in the modern world who allows himself to be inspired by the ideals of his
predecessors is likely to be made sharply aware that it is not his function to teach what he
thinks, but to instill such beliefs and prejudices as are thought useful by his employers, in
former days a teacher was expected to be a man of exceptional knowledge or wisdom to
whose words men would do well to attend. In antiquity teachers were not an organized
profession and no control was exercised over what they taught. It is true they were often
punished afterwards for their subversive doctrines. Socrates was put to death and Plato is
said to have been thrown into prison, but such incidents did not interfere with the spread of
their doctrines. (Russell)
Questions:
1. What changes have occurred in the profession of teaching during the last hundred
years?
2. What were the teachers supposed to be in golden days?
3. What is the function of teacher now-a-days?
4. Write a note on the rewards that a teacher gets now-a-days.
5. Suggest a suitable title for the passage and make a Precis.
45- This brings me along to democracy, even love the beloved Republic which feed upon
freedom. Democracy is not a Beloved Republic really and never will be. But it is less hateful
than other contemporary forms of Government and to that extent ‘’It deserves our support. It
does start from the assumption that the individual is important and that all types are needed
to make a civilization it does not divide its citizens into bosses and the bossed as an
efficiency regime tends to do. The people I admire most are those who are sensitive and want
to create something or discover something and do not see life in terms of power and such
people get more of a chance under a democracy than elsewhere. They find religions great or
54 | P a g e
small or they, produce literature and art or they do disinterested scientific research or they
may be what is called ordinary people who are creative in their private lives, bring up their
children decently for instance or help their neighbors. All those people need to express
themselves, they cannot do so unless society allows them liberty to do so and the society
which allows them most liberty is democracy. (E.M. Foster)
Questions:
1. How man has made progress in the world?
2. What are the advantages of being mortal?
3. How will a world without child book?
4. How does death make us explore the mysteries of life?
5. Suggest a suitable title for it and make a precis.
46- A university must do more than merely provide as a high class professional
apprenticeship. It does not matter in the least what a student’s specialized line happens to be;
the fact that he is specialist cannot excuse him from his responsibilities as a man. Students
must emerge as complete human beings capable of taking their proper place in society as a
credit to their universities both for their professional knowledge and as men. There is no
conflict between the two disciplines here. Nobody can be termed a complete man who has no
knowledge of what science has to teach, and equally, human obligation’ cannot be escaped
on the ground of being a specialized scientist or technologist. By human obligations, I mean
ability to he behave in a reasonable way to observe restraints so that restraints do not have to
be imposed to be able to think clearly and objectively so that false doctrines cannot gain
ground.
Questions:
2. What else must University do apart from providing high class professional
apprenticeship?
3. Who is a complete man?
4. “Write a note on the function of a university.
5. Explain what does the author mean by human obligations?
47- It is wrong to think that one can write English by mastering a few rules of grammar.
There was never a greater delusion. Rules of grammar do count but they are not the whole
matter. Thus it is possible that one may write English which may be grammatically correct
but may still not be good English. The Pakistani student is in a particularly difficult position
in acquiring the knowledge, foreign to him in spirit, in origin, in traditions and in genius. He
cannot be blamed if he finds it difficult to master the intricacies of English idioms and usage.
The secret of writing good English does not lie in memorizing the rules of grammar
but in developing the habit of clear thinking and expression. As Mathew Arnold has put it so
55 | P a g e
beautifully. “Have something to say and say it as clearly as possible. Most of the students in
Pakistan have an involved style because they’ have either nothing to say or say it as vaguely
as they can. Perspicuity or lucidity is the first requisite of a good style. In order to attain
lucidity, we should avoid confusion of ideas, vagueness of expression repetition of argument
and use of bombast. (P.U. 1982, Group 1)
Questions:
1. Can one write good English by mastering a few rules of grammar? If not, why not?
2. What is meant by the statement that English is foreign to us in spirit and in genius?
3. What are the characteristics of good style?
4. What are advantages of learning the rules of grammar?
5. Suggest a suitable title and make a precis of the said passage.
48- Properly speaking, the cave men were the human beings who lived before the most
important of the early inventions on which a stable civilization can be based: farming or the
regular cultivation of edible plant; the domestication of hoofed animals; pottery and perhaps
with it the revolutionary technique of grinding, and boring stone tools so as to make them
almost as efficient as the later tools of metal. The cave men did not tram, they were hunters
and fishermen, and their women collected wild fruit, vegetables and grain. They lived lives
rather like those of the American plains Indians before the introduction of the horse. They
did not domesticate animals or at best only one animal, our oldest friend dog. They lived
largely on animals, they thought about animals constantly, but they were hunters, so they
treated even the horse as something to be stampeded over a cliff and then eaten. They knew
something about clay and how it hardens in the fire, but so far we have found no real clay
dishes or containers among their remains. We find it difficult to imagine life without the
peaceful cornfields, the quiet cattle, and the dishes from which we eat and drink, yet for most
of man’s existence on the earth, these things were unknown and undreamed of, Settled
farming began some where about 7000 years ago, in the New Stone Age, that seems like a
long time ago, but is only 200 generations from our own time.
Questions:
1. Make precis of the passage.
2. Who were the cave men?
3. What are the basic elements of a stable civilization?
4. What did the cavemen eat to live?
49- Pakistanis are sometimes treated as suspects as they enter Saudi Arabia. The procedures
for search and investigation are aggressive and naturally, time-consuming may be a
humiliating experience for a self-respecting Pakistani. Lately, another trend is developing
which can hurt as still more as injury is being added to insult. Quite a few Saudis are now
unwilling to employ Pakistanis as they used to do in the Seventies. One main reason cited is

56 | P a g e
the incidence of drug trafficking (business) through expatriate Pakistanis who, at times
collaborate with drug traffickers. Thus, the channel of employment for our labour in Saudi
Arabia is drying up, partly owing to our failing as a people.
Pakistan is a victim as drugs produced in Afghanistan pass through our territory, it
cannot be denied that drugs are produced in Pakistan, but the Government is trying to curtail
their production. However, with an estimated indigenous (native) population of just over
three million addicts the local production of drugs does to appear enough to meet the home
demand. Thus, having started as a producer of heroin in 1979, thanks to the transfer of such
technology by a western adventure, it is now the major consumer. However, in the western
countries, the treatment meted out to Pakistan nationals in humiliating.
Questions:
1. Why is the treatment humiliating for Pakistanis on entering Saudi Arabia?
2. What is the main reason for the reduction of employment opportunities in Saudi
Arabia?
3. How much is Pakistan responsible for drug trafficking?
4. Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
5. Who is technologically responsible for the production of heroin in Pakistan?
6. Make a precis of the passage.

Malik irfan :
Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
GENERAL DIALOGUE
***Koi Bhi Dialogue Aaay To Ap Nay Yehi
Likhna Hai ***
A: Good Noon …..B….! How do u do? You seem to be much worried by face, come on dear
and leave all your tensions aside. Let’s have a good time together, it’s very pleasant today.

57 | P a g e
B: Good Noon you too! I’m much fine by the grace of Almighty Allah. Yea it’s really
pleasant today. Thanks for your concerning to me from the core of your heart.
A: All pleasures are mine, dear. By the way may I ask why you are so upset?
B: Ah! Some of domestic as well as of some social matters are pressing me hard by heart.
A:oh! Really, I’m sorry to find you in this doldrums and confrontation with the critical
situations all around us. Dear it’s a routine work and you kn9ow life does not stop nor it will.
Anyhow, how is everybody at home?
B:Thanks for your remarks which may help me in gloomy mood to come out of this
boredom. Well, all are fine.
A: Anything new to you now-a-day? Are you in contact with the latest changing scenario
and issues as discussed in the newspapers currently? What triggers your mind most?
B: well, the matter of …………………………. Seems me very pressing and burning issue
of day. Almost it covers the front pages of all the newspapers.
A: Do you have any observation of this matter of ………………….. What do you gather
from this issue of …………………….
B: I don’t hold the same opinions as u have. I think it can be handled tactfully if sensible
steps are taken in this context.
A: No doubt, as you know the government is also striving hard to rectify the root causes of
………………………..
B: Yes, I also expect so. Today, the whole world is wrapped up by this critical problem of
……………………..
A: .......................... Can also be eradicated by promoting awareness among the illiterate
masses. This can also be possible through media which is very vigilant now-a-days. Don’t
you think?
B: No. I don’t fully agree with this view. I think until or unless, our politicians, civil,
military officers are sincere, honest and dedicated to their services and to the nation, we are
unable to uproot this evil of ……………………….. From the social infrastructure.
A: Yes, I agree. You are right that if only your our citizens are not sincere to our own
country and nation, we can’t make our society peaceful and purify from this evil.
B: surely, it may cast very positive and pleasant consequences in our society.
A:............................... should be checked with iron hands. It’s also our duty and
responsibility that we should be well aware of the matters and their possible remedies.
B: I hope the people will join hands in hands to check such incidents in future also.
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A: O yes, we should be hopeful for the shinning future of ours. We should leave now.
B: I think so. Good bye
A: Good bye.
B: Good bye

Malik irfan :
Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
B.A English Some Most

important Dialogues From
Previous University Papers:
Only Read Them:
A dialogue between Sujon and Hasib about the uses and abuses of mobile phone
Sujon: Hello, Hasib. How are you?
Hasib: I am fine and what about you?
Sujon: I am fine too. It is long time since I met you last.
Hasib: But we have kept constant contact only because of the mobile phone.
Sujon: Yes, this mobile phone has become a very instrumental device in our daily life. We
cannot do without it for a single day.
Hasib: Right. It has reduced uncertainly, doubt, anxious waiting and painful suspense. In
fact, it has made our global communication dynamic and faster.
Sujon: But we must admit that it has some disadvantages too.
Sujon: you are absolutely right. It causes brain tumor, genetic damage and many other
incurable diseases. It is especially hazardous for the children and pregnant women.
Hasib: yes, during conversation, the blood brain barrier may get damaged, the blood pressure
may get high and the red blood cells may get affected.
Sujon: besides, it is doing a lot of harms to the teenagers. They can easily indulge in May
obscene programs also. In this way it is spreading pornography.

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Hasib: Absolutely. Moreover, it is helping young boys and girls to contact easily with their
so called Lovers in season and out of season.
Sujon: you are right. They are approaching negative way.
Hasib: it is high time we saved them from their moral degradation.
Sujon: right you are. The criminals are also carrying out their operations with the help of it.
It is also very alarming.
Hasib: All these are very true. Though we are getting immense benefits from it, we should
use it with much care and caution to avoid its demerits.
Sujon: Yes. Thank you so much. Good bye now.
Hasib: Good bye.
2 Write a dialogue between two friends about the necessity of female education.
Rana: Hi friend! Would you please discuss the necessity of female education?
Reza: Sure. It is a very important topic for modern world.
Rana: what is the meaning of education?
Reza: education means the training of a person both mentally and morally.
Rana: Why is the female education so necessary?
Reza: The female education is undoubtedly important because an education nation depends
on an educated mother. In a house a woman plays the most important role.
Rana: How can a woman play the great role?
Reza: You know women were confined to the four walls o their house in the past. Their duty
was cooking, cleaning, washing, giving birth and rearing up children. But now they are
working with men together.
Rana: How can they be helpful getting education?
Reza: They can be helpful for May ways especially for building up educated nation. They
can earn money to support the family.
Rana: Remember. To enhance the speed of the development process of the country, female
education is a must.
Rana: Thanks for your discussion.
Reza: You are welcome.

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3- Write a dialogue between a customer and a in a shoe shop

Salesman: Good evening, sir. How can I help you?
Customer: I have come to buy a pair of shoes. Can you please show me some shoes?
Salesman: Yes, sir. We have different designs
of shoes.
Customer: Please show me a pair.
Salesman: do you wear size 10? Malik irfan :
Customer: No, I wear smaller size. It is nine. Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
Salesman: Here you are. Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
Customer: Sorry, I don’t like this design.
Salesman: Wait a bit, sir. We have some latest
designs of shoes. I hope you will like them.
Customer: Bring me a pair.
Salesman: Here you are. Please put on this pair of shoes.
Customer: I don’t feel comfortable with this pair of shoes will be comfortable to you.
Customer: Yes, this pair will do. How long will it last?
Salesman: You can take it without doubt. This product has one year warranty.
Customer: How much?
Salesman: Two thousands taka, sir.
Customer: Oh! Two thousands taka is a lot of money. Can’t you reduce some price?
Salesman: Sir, this is a fixed price shop.
Customer: Then pack it, please.
Salesman: Here you are. Please deposit your money at our cast counter.
Customer: I’ll do it.
Salesman: Thank you, sir.
Customer: You are welcome.

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4- Write a dialogue between a shopkeeper and a customer.

Shopkeeper: Welcome to our shopping mall, sir.
Customer: Thank you.
Shopkeeper: How can I help you, sir?
Customer: I want a good watch for a gift.
Shopkeeper: Ladies or gents? What type do you want?
Customer: A lady’s watch, please. Do you have any?
Shopkeeper: Please have a look at this showcase. You can see all kinds of ladies watch.
Customer: Thank you. Please show me the forth once.
Shopkeeper: Of course, here it is. It is one of the best quality watches. Sir.
Customer: Do you have any warranty for this watch?
Shopkeeper: Yes, sir. We give three years warranty on this product.
Customer: What’s the price?
Shopkeeper: Eight hundred and eighty taka only.
Customer: That’s too much.
Shopkeeper: Not at all. It’s a genuine Swiss watch.
Customer: But I want a cheaper one. Don’t you have one?
Shopkeeper: Why not? Look at this side. These are Japanese.
Customer: How much is the third one?
Shopkeeper: All these in this row have the same price and it is two hundred taka each.
Customer: But aren’t Japanese watches generally notorious for poor quality?
Shopkeeper: Don’t worry. These have originally come from Japan.
Customer: All right, pack this one.
Shopkeeper: Okay sir, Thank you.
Write a dialogue a teacher and student on the importance of study.

Shapna: Hello Sir, How are you?

62 | P a g e
Teacher: I am fine and you?

Shapna: I am also fine by the grace of almighty.
Teacher: Today you are looking little bit worried. Are you thinking anything else?
Shapna: Yes sir but how did you know?
Teacher: It has been written on your face. So what are thinking about?
Shapna: Actually a question has been raised in my mind and I am looking it for last few
days.
Teacher: Oh! Please tell me what are you looking for?
Shapna: Sir, I am trying to find out the exact meaning and importance of study. Could you
please tell me the importance of study?
Teacher: Of course. Study is the devotion of
time and attention to acquiring knowledge on
an academic subject, especially by means of Okarians Acadmy Helpline
books. Malik irfan :
Shapna: Sir, Could you please explain it Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
elaborately? Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
Teacher: Sure, Actually Studying is so much
important because it is essential for a person
to develop a complete education and
provides students with the opportunity to
develop study habits, time management skills and self-discipline. It also aids in the student’s
ability to learn career path that they choose.
Shapna: Thanks a lot sir. Now it is crystal clear to me.
__________________________________________________________________________
___________
6- Write a dialogue between two friends on the choice of career

Sujon: Hello Jamia, how are you?
Jamia: Fine, thank you. And how about you?
Sujon: I’m also fine. Jamia, we are in intermediate class. So we must choose our career now.
Jamia: You are quite tight. Success in life depends on the right choice of career.
63 | P a g e
Sujon: We must choose our career properly. May I know you choice of Career.
Jamia: Yes, of course. I have decided to become a doctor. Do you like this profession?
Sujon: Yes I do. It is a good profession. Could you tell me why you have chosen this
profession?
Jamia: Most our people are deprived of the service of the doctors.
Sujon: Yes there are shortage of good doctors in our country. They people who live in the
villages cannot consult a good doctor.
Jamia: I want to serve the people.
Sujon: Are willing to go to the villagers if necessary?
Jamia: Yes, of course. Through this profession I will be able to earn money honestly. Well,
could you tell me about you choice of career?
Sujon: Of course. I want to be an agriculture officer.
Jamia: Most students like to be doctor, Engineer or administrator. Why not you?
Sujon: Our country is an agricultural country. Oureconomy depends on agriculture.
Jamia: Yes, it is right. Please tell me about your plan.
Sujon: I will get myself admitted into an Agricultural University. After completing my
education I will join the service of agriculture cadre. I will make research on agriculture.
Jamia: It’s a noble profession too.
Sujon: I’ll teach the farmers about the modern method of cultivation.
Jamia: I appreciate your plan.
Sujon:Choosing career is not enough. We must work harm dot fulfill our plan.
Jamia: Of course. We must do well in the H.S.C Examination, otherwise we will not be able
to become a doctor or an agriculture officer.
7- A Dialogue between Two Friends about Tree plantation
Sujon: Hello Hasib. How are you?
Hasib:Fine and what about you?
Sujon:I am also fine. Where did you go yesterday? I looked for you.
Hasib:I went to the Tree Fair to buy some saplings. Tree Fair has been fair every year in all
towns and cities on the occasionof Tree Plantation Week.

64 | P a g e
Sujon:Why do they organize this Tree Fair?

Hasib:It appears strange to me that you are not yet fully aware of the importance of tree
plantation.
Sujon:Right you are. Please tell me about importance of tree plantation. I want to know
about it in detail.
Hasib:Trees are our best friends. Trees give us shade and shelter. We cannot think of our
existence without trees. They are a great source of
our food, vitamins, and furniture.
Sujon:But do you notice that many unscrupulous Okarians Acadmy Helpline
people are cutting down trees at random? What Malik irfan :
might be its consequence? Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
Hasib: If they cut down trees indiscriminately, the Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
country will one day turn into a desert. The
temperature will rise and it will cause Green
House effect.
Sujon:I think this would not be harmful if people
planted more trees after cutting trees. But they seem to be very indifferent to planting trees.
Hasib:You are right. To save life and maintain the ecological balance of the environment,
there is no alternative to tree plantation.
Sujon: Now I understand why tree plantation is so important. I think people of all walks of
life should come forward to make tree plantation program a success.
Hasib: Absolutely, let us make aware of our friends and motivate them to plant trees more
and more to make our country a land of greenery.
8- A dialogue between two friends about reading newspaper
Sujon: Hello Sharmin! How are you?
Sharmin: Thank you. I am fine. How are you?
Sujon: I am also fine. Thank you. Where are going?
Sharmin: I am going to buy a newspaper.
Sujon: Do you read newspaper regularly?
Sharmin: Of course. Don’t you?
Sujon: Certainly. You know newspaper is called the store house of knowledge.
Sharmin:You are right. Without reading newspaper we can’t know about the world.
65 | P a g e
Sujon: They who don’t read newspaper remain frogs of the well. Because they don’t know
the current affairs of the country and world.
Sharmin: At the same time newspaper contains articles related to our study. They are very
helpful.
Sujon: Which section of newspaper do you like most?
Sharmin: Certainly the study page. And you?
Sujon: I like the general knowledge section and literary articles. Sometimes I send my
writing to newspaper.
Sharmin:That’s very good. Newspaper up hold people’s view, too. I have to go now.
Sujon: Ok. See you later. Bye
Sharmin: Bye.
9- Write a dialogue between you and your friend about your preparation for the
examination.
Myself:Hello friend, How do you do?
Friend: Fine, thank you. Why are you looking so sad?
Myself: Actually I’m worried about my ensuing exam. What about your preparation for the
examination?
Friend: Well, I’m going on well my studies. I am also worried about my exam.
Myself: But tell me about your preparation in different subjects.
Friend: You know I’m weak in English. That’s why, I’m taking special care in English. I’m
having a detailed revision in other subjects.
Myself: Are you taking help from any special books?
Friend: Yes. But I study text book very carefully.
Myself: I see. I must start working with the text book. What do you think?
Friend: Yes. I think it’ll be helpful not only for English but also for other subjects.
Myself: Thank you for your supportive suggestion. Wish your good luck.
Friend: You’re most welcome.
10-Write a dialogue between two friends stating the causes of failure in English and
solution to the problem.
Rumon: Good evening, Sumon.
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Sumon: Good evening! How are you?

Rumon: I am fine. And you?
Sumon:I’m also fine.
Rumon: Are you busy now?
Sumon: No, not at all. But why?
Rumon: I would like to talk about the causes of failure in English and solution for problem.
Sumon: It is really a very important issue.
Rumon: Nowadays may students fail in English
in public examination. There are some reasons
behind this. Okarians Acadmy Helpline
Sumon: What do you think about the reasons? Malik irfan :
Rumon:Our old and very traditional defective Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
syllabus and testing methods, lack of skilled and Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
trained teachers etc are chiefly responsible for
this. Besides, our methods of teaching English as
a foreign language are also faulty.
Sumon:Exactly! However, our classroom
situation is not favorable for teaching a foreign language.
Rumon: Yes, all these ultimately lead to a serious failure in English.
Sumon: What do you think about its solution?
Rumon: Well, I think to solve this problem, the government must ensure well-designed and
well-defined textbooks written in English for the students.
Sumon: Enough training to the English teachers must be given. Above all, our teachers
should study and try their level best to teach this language.
Rumon: Also, I think our teachers must engage students in various language learning
activities. Only then we can hope for a better future in this respect.
Sumon: Quite right you’re. Thank you very much for your valuable information.
Rumon: You’re most welcome.
11-Write a dialogue between two friends on load shedding
Sujon: Hello Salim! How are you?
Salim: I am not fine. What about you?
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Sujon: I am also not fine. In fact, we are facing the same problem—that is load shedding.
There was no electricity in our locality last night.
Salim:Same was the case in our locality, it has become a veritable nuisance nowadays.
Sujon: Yes, we have no option but to live with pitch-black darkness and sweltering heat.
Salim: Exactly! But can you imagine what it means to a student whose exam is knocking at
the door?
Sujon: Oh, it is disgusting! Last night I could not read at all. You know tomorrow is my
English exam.
Salim: It is very unfortunate! Load shedding is causing much harm to the examinees and the
patients who are under the knife of a surgeon.
Sujon:Oh, it is terrible! The sufferings caused to the examinees and patients cannot be
described in words at this moment.
Salim: Yes, indeed! Besides, the foods we preserve in refrigerators in turn rotten. They
become unfit for consumption. Housewives are suffering much.
Sujon:But the more deplorable damage occurs in refrigerators inlaboratories in which
invaluable research materials are kept under controlled temperature.
Salim: We should also not forget the miserable phenomenon that occurs on the cold storage.
It causes a heavy economic loss.
Sujon: Exactly! In fact, load shedding has a lot of bad effects. In big towns and cities, it
comes as a great curse undoubtedly.
12- Write a dialogue between two friends on the choice of career.
Alexi: My friend, John. What are you doing?
John: Nothing serious, dear. I am trying to solve this puzzle.
Alexi: Good! Does a puzzle interest you?
John:A lot, friend.
Alexi:Very good! I think you would become a very good engineer then.
John:Excuse me, friend! I don’t like machines.
Alexi:But you are so good at mathematics! I thought you liked engineering.
John:No, dear. I like physics very much. So, I want to study physics and become a scientist.

68 | P a g e
Alexi:physics! What good would you do by being a scientist?
John:Well, I would become a scientist and research into the mystery of the origin of the
universe. That would be interesting like solving the biggest puzzle. Besides, I also like
teaching. That would give me the opportunity to work with more brilliant students.
Alexi: I see the puzzle. So, how would you like to proceed with your target?
John:I have forgotten to tell you one thing. I took part in a competition arranged by
American Embassy. I became the first there and they have offered me a scholarship at the
University of California to study physics.
Alexi:Oh! I see. I am really proud of you. You are a genius indeed. But will you be able to
stay there alone?
John: I will really miss you, my parents and my younger sister. But I should avail the
opportunity of my better future, shouldn’t I?
Alexi: Of course! Well then, go ahead to materialize your dream. May the almighty fulfill
your dream!
John:What’s your future plan?
Alexi: I want to be a journalist. I would like to study journalism in Dhaka University.
John:That’s great! May God bless you to achieve your goal.
Alexi: Nice to talk to you about such an important issue.
John: Now I have got to leave.
Alexi: It’s all right.
John: Then by for now.
13-Write a dialogue between two friends on future plan in life
Sharmin: Hello Sujon! How are you?
Sujon: I am fine. What about you?
Sharmin: I am fine too. I am very glad at your brilliant result in the HSC examination.
Would you please tell me about your future plan of life?

69 | P a g e
Sujon: Yes, I have already made up my mind to study law.

Sharmin: I see. But why do you want to study law? Is there any specific reason?
Sujon: Yes, of course. I would like to join politics after completing my studies. I wish to
serve my countrymen by driving away restless politics.
Sharmin: All these are true. A patriotic leader can stamp out all kinds of corruptions and
injustice from society. But it is really a difficult
task to become a leader.
Sujon:Yes, but do not forget that nothing is
impossible for a hardworking and persevering Okarians Acadmy Helpline
man. Malik irfan :
Sharmin: But have you ever thought over the Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
hard work, it will mean? Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
Sujon: Yes, friend, I think no work is too hard for
me in this profession.
Sharmin: This profession also needs much
tolerance and sacrifice is a precondition to become a good leader.
Sujon: Yes, I know. To have much tolerance and sacrifice is a precondition to become a
good leader.
Sharmin: Nice! I am impressed to see your choice as well as determination. I highly
appreciate your future plan. Go ahead. I hope you will succeed one day.
Sujon:Please, bless for me so that I can make my dream true.
Sharmin: Absolutely! I must be off now. Thank you very much.
14- A dialogue between two friends about how to improve English
Sujon: Hello Rony. How are you?
Rony: I’m fine. What about you?
Sujon: I have become serious about learning better English. From today, I will not speak
Bangla with you.
Rony: Why?
Sujon: The reason is simple. I want to practice spoken English.
Rony: It’s a good proposition. I agree.
Sujon: Yes, if we want to develop our spoken English we have to speak in English always.

70 | P a g e
Rony: it’s true. Moreover, we should not think of other’s criticism.

Sujon: We should also develop our reading and writing habits.
Rony: But how can we do that?
Sujon: We can develop reading skill through reading of literature and newspapers. We can
develop writing through free writing on familiar topics.
Rony: I have difficulty in understanding English spoken by British or an American.
Sujon: It’s a problem for me too. But I have developed a lot by listening to BBC.
Rony: But for this we need to know grammar.
Sujon: Yes, we cannot avoid it. Grammar is necessary for making the language
understandable to all and for better communication.
Rony:Yes, I agree. Now, let’s go to the class.
Sujon: Ok.
15- A dialogue between two friends about Uses of Internet
Sujon: Hello sultan, how are you?
Sultan: Hi! I am doing fine. Thanks. What about you?
Sujon: I’m also fine. Well, have you taken your Internet connection?
Sultan: Yes, I have already taken. I am using a mobile SIM for browsing Internet.
Sujon: Good, what is your idea about using the Internet?
Sultan: In fact, mobile and internet are now an integrated part of our modern life. I think it is
no luxury at all.
Sujon: You’re right. For quick communication mobile and internet are must. I often
download reading materials from internet for my assignment.
Sultan: I also download songs and videos from internet. But it is unfortunate that only the
advanced section of our society has access to it.
Sujon: Really, it is unfortunate. Measures should be taken so that all people get access to it.
Sultan:Right you are. Every educational institution should have internet whole world
through internet. But there are some bad effects of internet.
Sujon: Sure. By doing so students should be given the opportunity to have the whole world
through internet. But there are some bad effects of internet.

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Sultan: Yes, some young people are watching pornography through internet, which are
degrading their morality.
16- A dialogue between two friends about their favorite TV program.

Alam: Hello Babul, how are you?
Babul: I am fine. Thank you, and you?
Alam: I am also fine. Why are you late? What were you doing?
Babul: I am sorry for late. I was watching my
favorite TV programme.
Alam: What is your favorite TV programme?
Malik irfan :
Babul: My favorite TV programme is CID.
Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
Alam: CID on Sony TV?
Babul:Yes, you are right.
Alam: I also like CID very much.
Babul: That’s great. Why do you like that?
Alam: The programme is very thrilling. And it makes us curious to know what happens
next.
Babul:We can also learn May things about detective investigation.
Alam: You are right. Don’t you like any other program?
Babul: Yes, I also like Science of Stupid.
Alam: What a coincidence!
Babul: That means you too like Science of Stupid.
Alam: Yes. But my friend, we are getting late for coaching.
Babul: Oh Shit! I have almost forgotten it. Let’s go.
Alam: Move fast.
17- A dialogue between two friends about acquiring computer knowledge
Sujon: Hi Hasib. How are you?
Hasib: Thank you. I am fine and what about you?

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Sujon: I am also okay. Now tell me how was your introducing class on computer today?
Hasib: It was indeed very good. I have learnt many things about computer and its usefulness
from the class.
Sujon: What things have you learnt? Can you tell me that?
Hasib: Sure. I have learnt about the usefulness of computer, mainly how a modern computer
perform complicated work within the shortest possible time.
Sujon: Can you tell me the usefulness of it?
Hasib: Sure. Nowadays it has become very essential everywhere. In fact, modern life,
cannot be imagined without the uses of computer.
Sujon: Do you think it can calculate faster than a trained mathematician?
Hasib: Of course. It can do calculation faster than human being. It also help us to store data
process and recall them in time of need, in fact. Life is very easy with computer.
Sujon:What other things a computer can do besides calculations?
Hasib: It can run business through internet, play chess compose music, and may other
things. It is also being used vastly in educational institutions, banks, offices, railway stations,
medical profession, space centers and everywhere else.
Sujon: You really have known much about the importance of computer. Do you have any
intention to acquire computer knowledge?
Hasib: Yes, I must acquire computer knowledge as it has become a part and parcel of our
modern life. I am determined to do that.
18- A dialogue between Sujon and Zarif about eve-teasing
Sujon: Hello, Zarif. How are you?
Zarif: I am fine and what about you?
Sujon: To speak the truth, nowadays I feel very unhappy.
Zarif: What makes you feel so?
Sujon: Yes, it is eve-teasing.
Zarif: Oh, you are thinking about this social malady! Really, it’s become rampant and
alarming nowadays.
Sujon:Yes, our girls and women are in a great danger. They feel insecurity when they go out
Zarif: Right, they are being teased everywhere.

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Sujon: Even they are not safe at home.

Zarif: All calls for the safety and security of girls end in futility-fall in deaf ears.
Sujon: Even the law enforcing agencies seem to be helpless.
Zarif: Then what have we to do?
Sujon: We all must come forward unitedly to address the problem and to crush the eve-
teasers.
Zarif: Besides, law enforcing agencies should more active. They must bring the eve-teasers
under punishment.
Sujon: Right you are. Let us discuss the problem with our friends and chalk out program.
Hope for the best. Thank you very much.
Zarif: Sure, it would be a good step on the right direction. Thank you.
19- A dialogue between two friends on dowry system
Jahangir: What’s you opinion about dowry?
Shamim: Opinion in what sense?
Jahangir: It’s very plain. Whether it is a blessing or curse?
Shamim: Actually, it was a blessing but in our age it has become a curse.
Jahangir: I am not following you.
Shamim:I mean, when it started, its purpose was to help to an extent the newly married
couple.
Jahangir:Do you know when this thing started?
Shamim: I am not clear about but this was there in the ear of the Holy prophet.
Jahangir:Then, it must be a good thing.
Shamim: It must be rather it is.
Jahangir:Then what’s wrong with it?
Shamim: The only defect is the way we are following it.
Jahangir: Don’t you think things change with the passage of time?
Shamim:Yes, they do but it must be a positive change.
Jahangir: Change is change whether it is positive or negative.
Shamim: You tell me why people say dowry is a curse?
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Jahangir: Perhaps because it has lost its very spirit.

Shamim: That’s the point.
Jahangir: Most of use say that it is a curse but even then….
Shamim: That’s what the tragedy is.
Jahangir:it means we have double standards.
Shamim: Sure rather triple.
Jahangir: Why do we spend so much money on this?
Shamim: Obviously just to show off.
Jahangir: Isn’t it injustice with the poor?
20- Dialogue between two Friends on
Unemployment Problem Okarians Acadmy Helpline
Sami: Hello, Ovi. What’s up? Malik irfan :
Ovi: It’s cool. What about you? Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
Sami: I am not so well. I am worried about Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
my future life. If I remain unemployed after
finishing my exam, it will be too much
unfortunate.
Ovi: Unemployment has really become an acute problem in our country as the number of
unemployed people is more than the job opportunities available here.
Sami: You are absolutely right, but I believe that if you want to be employed, you must have
to learn some skill on certain profession.
Ovi: I agree with you. And that’s why everyone should decide what he is going to do after
passing SSC examination.
Sami: Will you tell me please how can come out of unemployment?
Ovi: Yes, you should learn some profession and acquire some skills. If you are skilled, you
can employ yourself in any trade or profession.
Sami: But what about the disabled persons?
Ovi: No problem for them also. Nowadays the disabled persons are being trained in various
professions and skills according to their ability. And they are doing well.
Sami: Are you sure, they can?

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Ovi:Of course, I know many institutions that train up the disabled. I know many disabled
persons who have become self-employed or employed by others.
Sami:Who do you think the unemployed section of our society?
Ovi:Some youths, students and those who are blind, deaf, dumb, and ame.
Sami: Thank you for sharing your thought with me.
Ovi: You are most welcome
21-A dialogue between two Friends on Bad Effects of Deforestation
Sujon: Hello Hasib, how are you?
Hasib: I am fine and what about you? Why do you look so worried?
Sujon: I am also fine. I am not worried at all. But I am thinking why many people of our
country are cutting trees indiscriminately. What is the reason behind this?
Hasib: Oh, yes! Everyday many people are cutting trees on a large scale. They are doing so
mainly for fuel about deforestation?
Sujon: Yes, but these people may not know the bad effects of deforestation. What is your
idea about deforestation?
Hasib: You are right. However, I think deforestation is very harmful to us.
Sujon: Yes, the importance of trees is too many to describe. Once there were a lot of trees in
our country, but people are destroying our forests day by day.
Hasib: Yes, indeed! If we destroy trees at random, the temperature will rise and one day the
country will turn into a great desert.
Sujon: You are right. Deforestation disturbs our ecological balance seriously in nature.
Hasib: Absolutely. Due to deforestation, carbon dioxide, the main culprit of nature,
increases on a large scale in atmosphere and cause greenhouse effect.
Sujon: You are correct. It is greenhouse effect for which global warming happens in the
world.
Hasib: Exactly! And as a result of global warming ice starts melting in the sea, which
ultimately increases the water level of sea.
Sujon: Yes. This increase of sea water level is a great threat as it may submerge the coastal
areas of many places in the world including Bangladesh.
24- A dialogue between two friends about Illiteracy Eradication
Zafi: Hello Zarif, how are you?
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Zarif: I am fine and you?

Zafi: I am also fine. I see you are absorbed in deep thought. Is there any problem?
Zarif: No, I have no personal problem. I am terribly upset about the problem of our
illiteracy.
Zafi: Oh, I see. Illiteracy is undoubtedly a great problem as well as a curse for our country.
Zarif: You are right. It is the root cause of ignorance that frustrates all our development
efforts.
Zafi: Exactly! No development efforts can succeed unless illiteracy is eradicated.
Zarif: right you are. Our girls and women are the worst sufferers from illiteracy. But how
can we get rid of this problem?
Zafi: I think the government should take pragmatic step to solve this problem. The
government should make education free up to graduate level and help the poor student
financially.
Zarif: You are partly right. But only government cannot solve this problem. We all should
come forward and work hand to solve this problem.
Zafi: It is okay! But the government should start adult schools again and take initiative so
that our girls go to school and complete at least primary education.
Zarif:I agree with you! But creating mass awareness is very important in this case.
Zafi: You are right. If we develop mass awareness among the guardians, they will be aware
of the importance of education.
Zarif: Absolutely. We students also can persuade illiterate guardians for sending their
children to school. We should do it because it is our social duty.
Zafi: Exactly, if we all are sincere in words and deeds, eradicating illiteracy from our
country is not impossible. Thank you.
Zarif: That’s right. You are most welcome.
25- Write a dialogue between you and your friend, Sumon on the “Corruption in
Bangladesh”.
Myself: Hi! Sumon, you are not seem now a days. What’s’ up?
Sumon: Correct you are. I had been away home for a couple of days. What happened to
you? You seem to be gloomy.
Myself: your anticipation is also right. I am pondering over the corruption in your society.

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Sumon: Why are you so serious about corruption? It has become a common affair in your
offices and work spheres. Isn’t it?
Myself: Really, this curse has been deteriorating our moral values. But we must not keep
silent against corruption.
Sumon: How can an educated man be corrupted? How can he take bribes from others?
Myself: I can’t even imagine how they capitalize the sorrowful state of the folk. It is heard
that to transfer a file from one table to another
people have to pay money though it is illegal.
Sumon: What’s about the corruption in other Okarians Acadmy Helpline
sphere? Malik irfan :
Myself: it is a matter of great shame for us that Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
the high official, the politicians and even the Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
minister are caught for the being corrupted wile
discharging their duties.
Sumon: That do youthink, about the reasons of
corruption?
Myself: The moral degradation is the only reason of it. We are becoming materialized which
is also largely responsible.
Sumon:I think, in some cases they are ill-paid and the prices of daily necessaries are
increasing by leaps and bounds.
Myself: then the about the industrialists? Why do they corrupt?
Sumon: Right you are. Will you tell me how can we get rid of this curse?
Myself: the application of law will not be able to stop corruption. Only the morality and
honesty can help people to stop corruption.
Sumon:Thank you very much for your polite conversation.
Myself:it’s my pleasure and see you again.
Sumon:All the best.
A Dialogue between two students on co-education
Akbar: Hello, how are you dear?
Sarmad: Me fine, and what’s about you?
Akbar: By the grace of Allah almighty, I am also fin.

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Sarmad: what are you doing these days?

Akbar: I am studying at Punjab University, preparing for my BA exams.
Sarmad: is there co-education in that university.
Akbar: Yes, it is known buy everyone that there is co-education at the university level.
Sarmad: Do you know that in Islam co-education is prohibited.
Akbar: But you should keep it in mind, that ours is a poor country, we cannot afford
separate institutions both for boys and girls.
Sarmad:Our government should try to fix this problem, as you know that there is much
harm in co-education system.
Akbar: But you should keep it in your mind that there are many advantages of this type of
system.
Sarmad: What advantages of co-education are?
Akbar: In co-educational institutions, a competition starts between boys and girls; they try
to beat one another in education.
Sarmad: But you should also keep it in your mind that they also misuse their liberty
sometimes.
Akbar: Is it not possible in the institutions who manage separate education.
Sarmad: Not at all, because there is no chance of doing it.
Akbar: Friend, keep it in your mind that everything has some advantage and disadvantages,
but we should be positive in every matter.
Sarmad: I agree with you but there should be a strong check and balance in this system of
education
Akbar: Yeah, I quite agree with you here.
BA English Multi Dialogue
Aslam: Aslam-o-Alaikum! How are you?
Akbar: Waalikum-us-Salam! I am all right. What is going on these days?
Aslam: I am doing graduation nowadays/doing a job.
Akbar: Ok, very nice. How is your life getting on?
Aslam: it’s going well but problems are an inevitable part of life.
Akbar: What kind of problems you face in life?
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Aslam: My problems are those which are being faced by every Pakistani.
Nowadays I’m facing the problem of ______________
(Load shedding/inflation etc.)
Akbar: The problem of ______ is increasing rapidly due to the negligence
Of government.
Aslam: Tell me about yourself, what are
you doing these days?
Akbar: I am working at ________.
Malik irfan :
Aslam: _____________________.
Cell No: 03074562343, 03484723143
Akbar: _____________________. Gmail:Phanirajpoot786@gmail.com
Aslam: _____________________.
Akbar: _____________________.
Aslam: _____________________.
Akbar: Your cell phone is ringing. It looks like that you have an urgent call.
Aslam: Oh yes, my father is calling me.
Akbar: Do you have an urgent work at home or is it an emergency?
Aslam: A little bit. Ok, nice to meet you.
Akbar: Ok, take care, see you again.
Aslam: God bless you, Allah hafiz
Akbar: Same to you, and Allah Hafiz.
TRANSLATION - URDU INTO ENGLISH
QUESTION NO. 1
1. Translate the following paragraphs into English.
(i)

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Translation
There is a garden in front of my house. There are many plants and trees in it.
There bloom flowers of many colours in spring. Their fragrance spreads all around. In the
evening, the garden is filled with men, women and children. People promenade here and
there and enjoy themselves. Children run around in the garden. Now they are here and at the
next moment, they are in the other corner of the garden. I also go to the garden for a walk on
every evening. Many gardeners look after the garden.
(ii)
Translation
In the ups and downs of life, there come such moments when a man totally loses his hope.
He becomes pessimist and his power to compete disappears. This is against the dignity of
man. All the progress the world has made is the result of the determination and perseverance
that Allah Almighty has bestowed upon man. Man should never lose heart; rather he should
face his failures in a manly manner. Surely, Allah Almighty will bless with him success one
day.
(iii)

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Translation
Once upon a time, a jackal lived near the bank of a river. There were many fields of
melons on the other side of the river. The river was deep and wide. The jackal wanted to eat
his fill. He could not cross the river. One day, he said to his friend, a camel, "I shall be very
thankful to you if you take me to the other bank of the river." The camel agreed. The jackal
jumped onto the back of the camel. The camel waded across the river and reached the other
bank. The jackal went into the fields of melons and began to eat melons with relish.
(iv)
Translation
It is feared that the world will run out of oil in a few years. Every country is trying to
discover more reserves of oil. It is not yet known how much fruit this effort will bring. The
need is that we should reduce our needs of oil. The consumption of oil for industry and
agriculture cannot be reduced. However, the private needs can be cut down. We should
import buses instead of cars so that the facility of buses for the students can be improved.
(v)
Translation

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I study in class 10. The school in which I study is a famous school of the city. Four
teachers teach my class. They all are able teachers. But I like Mr. Zaid the most. He teaches
us English and Mathematics. His method of teaching is so good that what he teaches we
learn it then and there. Therefore, his class shows hundred percent results.
(vi)
Translation
There was a miser. Once his purse was lost. There were one hundred rupees in the purse.
He announced, "I shall give ten rupees to the one who finds my purse and brings it to me."
One day, a farmer came with his purse. The miser looked into the purse. It contained the
same one hundred rupees. When the farmer demanded his reward, the miser said, "There
were one hundred and ten rupees in my purse. Now there are only one hundred rupees in it.
You have already taken ten rupees."
(vii)
Translation
Anarkali is the busiest bazaar of Lahore. It is always thronged with people. The shops
remain open till late at night. Here you can buy things of almost every kind. Some people
come here to buy things but many people come here just for the fun of it. There are many
vendors in Anarkali. They sell buttons, laces, needles, clips and the other things of this kind.
Some pickpockets also come into Anarkali. You should beware of these pickpockets if you
go to Anarkali.
(viii)

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Translation
It is our moral duty to respect our parents. They take much care of us. They give us food.
They give us clothes. They provide us with all the things that we need. They send us to
school so that we may serve them after getting education. It will bring us comfort.
QUESTION NO. 2
Translate the following paragraphs into English.
(i)
Translation
Once two friends set out on a journey. They promised to help each other in trouble. They
reached a jungle. They saw a bear coming towards them. One of them ran and climbed up a
tree. His friend could not climb up the tree. He lay down and held his breath.
(ii)
Translation
Before coming to the city, we lived in a village. We were very happy in the village. We
got up early in the morning. After doing ablution, we offered the prayers and then went to
the lush green fields for a walk. In the afternoon, we slept in the shade of trees. A stream
flowed near the village. Its water was clean and cold.
(iii)

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Translation
Once a crow was thirsty. He flew from one place to the other but could find no water. At
last, he reached a garden. There he saw a pitcher of water. He became very happy. He looked
into the pitcher. the water was so low that his beak could not reach it. The crow was clever.
He hit upon a plan.
(iv)
Translation
More than two hundred and fifty years ago, a boy lived in a small town of Germany. His
name was George Fredrick Handle. His father was a famous doctor. One day, the old doctor
said to his son, "George, you will enjoy fame one day. You may be a doctor or a judge."
George replied, "I want to be neither a doctor nor a judge. I want to devote my life to music."
And one day he was really a great musician.
(v)
Translation
Karachi is a beautiful and important city. Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan. It stands
on the shore of the Arabian Sea. Here the climate is temperate. Land breeze and sea breeze
keep on blowing here. Once Karachi was the capital of Pakistan. It is a sea port. Our trade
with other countries is done through this port. Our dear leader Quaid-e-Azam was born in
Karachi. His tomb also stands in this city. The people who visit Karachi, offer "Fateha" at
Quaid-e-Azam's tomb.
85 | P a g e
(vi)
Translation
Atomic energy can be used for the benefit of man. It can also be used to destroy the
world. Atomic energy can produce electricity for us. There is a power station in Karachi.
Now-a-days, there are chances that the electricity produced by atomic energy would be
cheap. We should use atomic energyonly for peaceful purposes.
(vii)
Translation
Anwar is my best friend. His father is a teacher. He is a very pious and honest man.
Anwar lives near our house. His house is very good and beautiful. We go to school together.
In the evening, I go to his house. We study together. He always gets a first in the exams. He
wears neat and clean clothes.
(viii)
Translation
Milk is a perfect diet. It is sweet and delicious. Its colour is white. We get milk mostly
from cows and buffaloes. Milk makes us healthy and strong. We also make curd, butter and
cheese from it. Milk is a very useful diet for children and patients. Milk should always be
used after being boiled.
QUESTION NO. 3
86 | P a g e
(i)
Translation
The lion is a powerful animal. It gives a dangerous look. It has long hair (mane) on its
neck. It is found in the jungles of Africa and Asia. It lives in caves. It is called the king of
jungle. It is a great enemy of man. But the hunters steal its cubs. They train them and make
them perform in circus.
(ii)
Translation
A young man was sitting in a garden. He was a bit worried. After sometime, an old man
entered the garden. He gave the young man a letter. The young man opened the letter and
read it. He was very happy to read the letter. The signs of his worry vanished. He thanked the
old man.
(iii)
Translation
Lahore is an old and historical city. It stands on the bank of the River Ravi. It is the
capital of the province, the Punjab. There are many historical buildings in this city. Badshahi
Masjid is one of the greatest mosques of the world. The tomb of Allama Iqbal is also situated
near Shahi Masjid. Iqbal gave us the idea of Pakistan. The Resolution of Pakistan was passed
in Lahore. Minar-e-Pakistan was built as a memorial to this Resolution. It was built in Iqbal
Park.
(iv)

87 | P a g e
Translation
Allahdin lived in Beijing, a city in China. His father worked as a tailor. He was a very
hardworking man. Allahdin was still a young child when his father died. Allahdin and his
mother lived a very poor life. Allahdin was very lazy. He played the whole day in streets and
did nothing. However, he was strong and powerful physically.
(v)
Translation
We saw many animals in the zoo. We had never seen these animals before. We all were
very happy. My younger brother was particularly happy. He began to jump with joy when he
saw a peacock. He said to the father, "Father, can you buy me a peacock? It is a very
beautiful animal." The father told that those peacocks were not for sale.
(vi)
Translation
My mother loves me very much. She always takes care of my health. She cooks such food
as I like. But she stops me from overeating. She gives me fine clothes. She is against costly
clothes. She teaches me books regularly. I am a bit weak in English. Therefore, she has
arranged a tutor for me. She lays stress on me to study daily.
(vii)

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Translation
Aurangzaib was a very good-natured and God-fearing king. He used to get up early in the
morning and worship Allah. During his reign, he had issued orders to get up early in the
morning, worship Allah and do good deeds so that the whole day might pass in peace. He
himself used to hold his court with the sunrise. He listened to the appeals of the poor, the
needy and the oppressed. He treated them with love. He asked them about their well-being
with heed and fulfilled their wishes.
(viii)
Translation
The young man had come to assassinate Quaid-e-Azam. When he observed that no one
was present around, he took a knife out quickly. He rushed towards Quaid-e-Azam. Allah
Almighty has gifted Quaid-e-Azam with great wisdom and courage. He held out his long
arm and gripped the hand of the murderer tightly. He called out his private secretary. The
criminal was arrested. All the people saw that Quaid-e-Azam was a brave man.
QUESTION NO. 4
(i)
Translation

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Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) was born in Makkah. His father's name was Abdullah. His
grandfather brought him up. When he was twenty five years old, he married Hazrat Khadeeja
(RA). When he was forty years old, he said, "I am a prophet of Allah." Listen to me. Allah is
one. Worship Him.
(ii)
Translation
In the old day, a merchant lived in Kabul. He had a son. The merchant's son was fond of
getting education from his childhood. The father made him get education with utmost care.
He sent him to good teachers. He made him get education in good institutions and provided
him with good books. As a result, by the time he was young, he had become expert in most
of the branches of knowledge of the age. When the king heard of the fame of his knowledge,
he was very happy. The king made the merchant's son his minister and began to take his
advice to do every thing.
(iii)
Translation
It is our house. I was only five years old when the father bought this house. I have been
living in this house for ten years. Our family is very large but this house is very small. The
father says that he would sell this house and buy a big one in Gulberg. But I do not want to
leave this house. I love this house.
(iv)

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Translation
Amjad was still a child when his father died. He became an orphan. His uncle brought
him in his house. The uncle had no son. He brought him up as his son. Amjad passed his
M.A. examination and got a good job. His uncle had become old by this time. Amjad served
his uncle as his father. The uncle made Amjad his son-in-law. Amjad became the member of
his uncle's family then.
(v)
Translation
Hazrat Ayesha (RA) was the daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (RA) who was a
close companion of the Rasool (SAW). She was the wife of the Rasool (SAW). She lived in
a small room. It was just a simple room with a low roof. Hazrat Ayesha (RA) did the
household task herself. Her life was simple. She was very intelligent and knew a lot about
Islam.
(vi)
Translation
Once a crow found a piece of meat. He sat on the branch of a tree. In the meantime, a
vixen happened to come there. The vixen said to herself, "I should get the piece from the
crow." Nearing the crow, she said, "I have heard that you can sing well. Your voice is very
melodious. I want to enjoy your song. Would you do me a favour of letting me hear your
song?" The crow was happy with this.
(vii)

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Translation
It is a picture of our village. There are lush green fields outside the village. Now it is
summer. The sun is shining brightly. There lie wheat fields just in front of the village. There
is a great hustle and bustle in the wheat fields. The young, the old, men and women are
working there together. The crop is ripe. The villagers will harvest and take their crop to the
city. There are many things worth-seeing in our village. We are happy in the village. We will
make our village beautiful.
(viii)
Translation
Hazrat Ali (RA) was the son of the Holy Prophet's (SAW) uncle. The name of the Holy
Prophet's (SAW) uncle was Abu Talib. Abu Talib was not a rich man. Hazrat Ali (RA) lived
with the Holy Prophet (SAW). He became Muslim at the age of nine. He fought in many
battles and killed many infidels. He became Caliph after the death of Hazrat Uaman (RA).
He was the fourth Caliph. The Holy Prophet (SAW) married his daughter to him. Hazrat Ali
(RA) was a brave man and a scholar. He loved the Holy Prophet (SAW) very much.
QUESTION NO. 5
(i)

92 | P a g e
Translation
Man shapes his destiny himself. He should work hard and do his duties with devotion so
that he may succeed in his life. Hard work is the greatest reality of the world which cannot
be denied. If we look into the past, we will come to know that all the great men of the past
did their work with hardihood and courage and bettered their lot. Abraham Lincoln was a
president of America. If we study his life, we will come to know that he was the son of a
woodcutter. But he was fond of getting education.
(ii)
Translation
Madina is a holy city of Arabia. It is about three hundred miles away from Makkah. Cars
cover this distance in four to five hours. Madina is the city of the Holy Prophet (SAW).
There are many mosques here; but Masjid-e-Nabwi is the most famous of all. The shrine of
the Holy Prophet (SAW) lies in this mosque. One lakh Muslims can offer their prayers here.
There are many hotels in Madina. Old buildings also stand there.
(iii)
Translation
I saw the lion from the distance. He was sitting in the bushes. The lion did not see us. I
said to my companion, "You should sit here quiet, I go near the lion." After this, I began to
advance slowly towards the lion. If I had made a litter noise, he would have run away. At

93 | P a g e
last, I reached near him. I could see him clearly in the leaves. He had not seen me yet. I
raised the gun very carefully.
(iv)
Translation
A friend of Chaudry Aslam came to see him after a long time. He felt that chaudry looked
sad. He asked, "Chaudry Sahib, what is the matter? Why do you remain sad?"
Chaudry: There is nothing particular.
Ayoob: If there is nothing particular, there must be some common problem. Why are you
restless?
Chaudry: Who is at peace with himself in the world? There is peace neither during the day
not at night.
Ayoob: The world does not agree with you. It is man's cowardice that makes him hopeless.
(v)
Translation
It was a winter night. We were asleep. All of a sudden, someone knocked at the door. My
father and I woke up. We thought there might be a thief. Therefore, we took the gun and
reached the door. My father asked, "Who is at the door?" There came the reply, "I am a poor
hungry man." We opened the door. We took him inside and gave him something to eat. He
thanked us and went away.
(vi)

94 | P a g e
Translation
Education is free up to the middle classes now. Now the children of the poor will also be
able to get education. The government of Pakistan has taken the schools and colleges under
its control. Everyone in the country will enjoy equal rights. The government will give
scholarships to the intelligent children. They will be able to get education in high-ranking
educational institutions. We will build a new powerful Pakistan. We should struggle for the
development of the country.
(vii)
Translation
Aabi was my childhood friend. We played and got education together. Then, after I had
passed my intermediate examination, I was married. I with my husband went to England. I
did not get any news of Aabi whether she got further education or was married. When I
returned to homeland after five years, I, one day, suddenly, ran across Aabi's elder sister in
the bazaar. Tears wetted hers eyes when I asked her about Aabi impatiently. My house was
nearby. I took her with me so that she might tell me something about Aabi in a relaxed
mood.
(viii)
Translation
The president has stressed upon the writers, poets, intellectuals, thinkers and scholars to
help the government, through their literary works, in making the country an Islamic welfare
state. The president was addressing a big gathering of poets and writers in the introductory
ceremony of a book, yesterday.

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B.A English Part 1 Complete Notes

B.A English Notes On Poems Questions+Explanation

2- Tartary by Walter De La Mare

3- New Year Resolution by Elizabeth Sewell

4- Woman Work by Maya Angelou

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5- The Rebel by D.J. Enright

6- Patriot into Traitor by Robert Browning

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7- The Huntsman: Edward Lowbury

Answer. (Beginning) ‘Suspense’ means a state of uncertain expectation. Irony is a literary

8- One Art by Elizabeth Bishop

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9- The Solitary Reaper

To me the meanest flower that blows can give

Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears’

10- All the World is a Stage by William Shakespeare

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11- Departure and Arrival by: T.S. Eliot

12-A poison Tree By: William Blake

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13-Because I could not stop for Death

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15-After Apple-picking by Robert Frost

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16-The Vanishing Village by R.S. Thomas

17-When I Have Fears by John Keats

22-Snake by W.H Lawrence

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1-Leisure by William Davies

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Reference to the context:

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4-Woman Work by Maya Angelou

5-The Rebel by D.J. Enright

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6-Patriot into Traitor by Robert Browning

4- What is a Dramatic Monologue?

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2- Rappaccini’s Daughter by Nathanial Hawthorne

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3- The New Constitution: Manto

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4- Breakfast: John Steinbeck

5- Take Pity (Bernard Malamud)

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1. What is the main theme of the story,

6- The Happy Prince by: Oscar Wilde

One for all.

Useful Remarks about the Story:

8. The fairy tale turned into a satire or criticism of society or humanity.

7- Araby James Joyce

8- The Tell-Tale Heart by: Edgar Ellan Poe

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B.A English Notes On Most important Precis Writing For

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