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2.
Concepts, Theories and Principles CHN 2

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 2 LECTURE
I. OTTAWA CHARTER PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

● COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
● The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
� Have you ever served the needy? The Public? Our
� The first International Conference on Health
fellowmen?
Promotion, meeting in Ottawa this 21st day of
� If yes, What kind of programs did you develop? Is
November 1986, hereby presents this CHARTER for
it your own? Is it tangible?
action to achieve Health for All by the year 2000 and
� Does it sustain? Does it have great impact in the
beyond.
society? Or better yet, the whole country?
� This conference was primarily a response to growing
expectations for a new public health movement around
the world. Discussions focused on the needs in V. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
● The term “Community Health Nursing”
industrialized countries, but took into account similar
� Is composed of Three (3) Major Concepts
concerns in all other regions. It built on the progress
✓Community (Client)
made through the Declaration on Primary Health Care
✓Health (Goal)
at Alma-Ata, the World Health Organization's Targets
✓Nursing (Means)
for Health for All document, and the recent debate at
the World Health Assembly on intersectoral action for
health. A Healthy Community
● Be it Urban or Rural has the following Characteristics:
II. HEALTH PROMOTION 1. Awareness that “we are community”
2. Conservation of natural resources
● Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase
3. Recognition of, and respect for, the existence of the
control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of
sub-groups
complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or
4. Participation of the sub-groups in community affairs
group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to
5. Preparation to meet crises
satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.
6. Ability to problem-solve
7. Communication through open channels
Prerequisites for Health 8. Resources available to all
● peace, 9. Settling disputes through legitimate mechanisms
● shelter, 10. Participation by citizens in decision making
● education, 11. Wellness of a high degree among its members
● food,
● income,
● a stable eco-system,
● sustainable resources,
● social justice, and equity.
III. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

● Primary health care (PHC) addresses the majority of a person’s
health needs throughout their lifetime. This includes physical,
mental and social well-being and it is people-centred rather than
disease-centred. PHC is a whole-of-society approach that
includes health promotion, disease prevention, treatment,
rehabilitation and palliative care.
VI. World Health Organization defines HEALTH
A primary health care approach includes three components: ● Health is a state of complete physical and social well being,
● meeting people’s health needs throughout their lives; and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
● addressing the broader determinants of health through
multisectoral policy and action; and
The major specific aims of the WHO are:
● empowering individuals, families and communities to take
1. To strengthen the health services of member nations,
charge of their own health.
improving the teaching standards in medicine and allied
professions, and advising and helping generally in the field
IV. 11 CORE COMPETENCIES IN NURSING
of health.
● Leadership is vital in advancement of education and practice 2. To promote better standards for nutrition, housing,
recreation, sanitation, and economic and working
1. Safe And Quality Nursing Care conditions.
2. Management Of Resources And Environment’S 3. To improve maternal and child health and welfare.
3. Health Education 4. To advance progress in the field of mental health.
4. Legal Responsibility 5. To encourage and conduct research on problems of public
5. Ethic/Moral Responsibility health.
6. Personal And Professional Development
7. Quality Improvement
8. Research
9. Record Management
10. Communication
11. Collaboration And Teamwork
Page 1 of 2
[CHN 2] 2. Concepts, Theories, and Principles – Prof. Rodel Ninofranco
IX. PUBLIC HEALTH (CDC)

● Public health is the science of protecting and improving
the health of people and their communities. This work is
achieved by promoting healthy lifestyles, researching
disease and injury prevention, and detecting, preventing and
responding to infectious diseases.
● Overall, public health is concerned with protecting the
health of entire populations. These populations can be as
small as a local neighborhood, or as big as an entire country
or region of the world.
● C. E. Winslow
� Public health as the science and art of preventing
disease, prolonging life and promoting health and
efficiency through organized community effort
for the sanitation of the environment, the control
of communicable infections, the education of the
individual in personal hygiene, the organization
of medical and nursing services for the early
diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and
for the development of the social machinery to
insure everyone a standard of living adequate for
the maintenance of health, so organizing these
benefits as to enable every citizen to realize his
[or her] birthright of health and longevity.
Roles and Functions (DOH)

1. Leadership in Health
2. Enabler and Capacity Builder
3. Administrator of Specific Service
REMINDERS
VII. BICOL REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS  Autoclave boiling point: 15 mins
● On March 3, the Regional Development Council (RDC)  Effervescent tablet should be mixed in water for admin.
approved the Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2017 – 2022
Read:
which will serve as the region’s guide in formulating policies and
A. Laws on CHN (BF, EO. No. 51- Milk code, Generic law,
implementing development programs and projects Vaccine Law)
B. Health Programs of DOH
VIII. THEORIES AND MODELS FOR CHN
● Nightingale’s theory of environment
● Orem’s Self care model
● Neuman’s health care system model
● Roger’s model of the science and unitary man
● Pender’s health promotion model
● Roy’s adaptation model
● Milio’s Framework of prevention
● Salmon White’s Construct for Public health nursing
● Block and Josten’s Ethical Theory of population focused nursing
Page 2 of 2

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2.

Concepts, Theories and Principles CHN 2

I. OTTAWA CHARTER PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

III. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

IX. PUBLIC HEALTH (CDC)

Roles and Functions (DOH)

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