Riph - Activity 2

Activity # 2
1. Who is Santiago Alvarez? How come his writing is a primary source?

General of the Revolution Santiago Alvarez, better known as "Kidlat ng Apoy," founded and
served as honorary president of the Naciolista Party's first directorship. Because of his devotion
and bravery while leading the battles in Cavite, he became known as Kidlat ng Apoy. He is also
Mariano Alvarez's lone kid. He wrote "Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General,"
which is regarded as a main source due to the fact that it was written or developed during the
Tejeros Convention and serves as an eyewitness narrative.
2. Who is Teodoro Agoncillo? How come his writing is a secondary source?

Teodoro Agoncillo is a well-known Filipino historian from the 20th century. Teodoro and Renato
Constantino, two historians who lived in the same era as him, are credited with being the first
Filipinos to advocate for an uniquely nationalist interpretation of Philippine history. He wrote
"The Revolt of the Masses, the narrative of Bonifacio and the Katipunan," which is classified as a
secondary source because the author only interprets and evaluates the primary materials, which
concern what transpired during the Tejeros Convention.
3. Create a chart comparing in detail the accounts of the two writers regarding the “Tejeros
Convention”
"The Revolt of the Masses, the story of

"Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of
Bonifacio and the Katipunan" by Teodoro
a General" by Santiago Alvarez.
Agoncillo.”
(PRIMARY SOURCE)
(SECONDARY SOURCE)
As a member of the Magdiwang group and a The writing of Teodoro Agoncillo is not based
conference attendee, Santiago Alvarez was on his own experiences, but rather on an
able to observe all that transpired at the account from other sources.
Tejeros Convention.
Includes quotes from conversations that took There are fewer discussions in his writing.
place throughout the convention.
His work is more concerned with what In his writing, he employs figures of speech.
transpired or how the election went at
Tejeros Convention.
Enumerates the six available positions for the His writings are particularly preoccupied with
elections of the officials. what occurred before the Tejeros
Convention.
In his writings, the class conflict is also He documents significant events like the
depicted, such as when Daniel Tirona chose battle that took place just before the Tejeros
Mr. Jose Del Rosario over Bonifacio to serve Convention began.
as Secretary of the Interior because Tirona
thought Del Rosario was better qualified
because Bonifacio lacked any credentials.
It was written in the year of 1927. His writings are intended to educate the
young people of his generation about the
revolution's history and revolutionary
struggles.
Includes what happened after the election. It was written in October 1947 until January
1948.
He emphasized Bonifacio's emotion.
He ended his work with the election of
officials that happened in the Tejeros
Convention.
4. Form your internal and external criticisms over the two sources.
"Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General" by Santiago Alvarez.
Internal Criticism: Santiago Alvarez's writing is very trustworthy; it explains in detail what took
place during the Tejeros Convention, which was a betrayal, and their plans to harm the Spanish
people. However, Santiago Alvarez's work is more concerned with the election and what
transpired during it.
External Criticism: Santiago Alvarez also has a distinctive style of writing, and everything he says
in his works is the absolute truth because he lived through the events they are based on and
wrote them. He writes objectively about the propertied class's betrayal, the ascent of a peasant
leader, and the popular uprising against Spain. His writing is devoid of adjectives and comprises
quotes from convention dialogues. He was unable to capture the true sentiment of the Tejeros
Convention participants.
"The Revolt of the Masses, the story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan" by Teodoro Agoncillo.
Internal Criticism: He demonstrates in his writings that the armed independence movement in
Manila was started by workers and craftspeople, and that the upper classes were only
grudgingly dragged into the conflict. Even though it's only a secondary source, he did a fantastic
job of writing his work.
External Criticism: Teodoro Agoncillo writes about the Tejeros Convention in a distinctive
manner, and his works also address revolution, nationalism, class conflict, and the conflict that
took place before the Tejeros Convention. In his writing, he accentuated Bonifacio's emotion
and employed figures of phrase. Less conversation may be found in his writing.

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Activity # 2

1. Who is Santiago Alvarez? How come his writing is a primary source?

2. Who is Teodoro Agoncillo? How come his writing is a secondary source?

"The Revolt of the Masses, the story of

"Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General" by Santiago Alvarez.

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