Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 127 views

    Miscarriage (Spontaneous Abortion) : Abnormal Pregnancy

    Uploaded by

    Kyjoy Flores Cstr
    Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion, is the unexpected loss of a pregnancy during the first trimester. Common types of abnormal pregnancies include miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy (where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus), placental abruption (premature separation of the placenta from the uterus), placenta previa (when the placenta blocks all or part of the cervix), preeclampsia and eclampsia (pregnancy-induced high blood pressure and seizures), and HELLP syndrome (a life-threatening variant of preeclampsia). These conditions can lead to complications for both the mother and baby if not properly diagnosed and treated.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Miscarriage (Spontaneous Abortion) : Abnormal Pregnancy

    Uploaded by

    Kyjoy Flores Cstr
    127 views4 pages
    Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion, is the unexpected loss of a pregnancy during the first trimester. Common types of abnormal pregnancies include miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy (where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus), placental abruption (premature separation of the placenta from the uterus), placenta previa (when the placenta blocks all or part of the cervix), preeclampsia and eclampsia (pregnancy-induced high blood pressure and seizures), and HELLP syndrome (a life-threatening variant of preeclampsia). These conditions can lead to complications for both the mother and baby if not properly diagnosed and treated.

    Original Title

    Abnormal Pregnancy

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion, is the unexpected loss of a pregnancy during the first trimester. Common types of abnormal pregnancies include miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy (where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus), placental abruption (premature separation of the placenta from the uterus), placenta previa (when the placenta blocks all or part of the cervix), preeclampsia and eclampsia (pregnancy-induced high blood pressure and seizures), and HELLP syndrome (a life-threatening variant of preeclampsia). These conditions can lead to complications for both the mother and baby if not properly diagnosed and treated.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    127 views4 pages

    Miscarriage (Spontaneous Abortion) : Abnormal Pregnancy

    Uploaded by

    Kyjoy Flores Cstr
    Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion, is the unexpected loss of a pregnancy during the first trimester. Common types of abnormal pregnancies include miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy (where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus), placental abruption (premature separation of the placenta from the uterus), placenta previa (when the placenta blocks all or part of the cervix), preeclampsia and eclampsia (pregnancy-induced high blood pressure and seizures), and HELLP syndrome (a life-threatening variant of preeclampsia). These conditions can lead to complications for both the mother and baby if not properly diagnosed and treated.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Abnormal Pregnancy

    Miscarriage (Spontaneous Abortion)


    Miscarriage is the layman's term for spontaneous abortion, an unexpected 1st trimester pregnancy loss. Since the term "spontaneous abortion" may be misunderstood by laymen, the word "miscarriage" is sometimes substituted. Abortion Loss of a pregnancy during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, at a time that the fetus cannot survive. Such a loss may be involuntary (a "spontaneous" abortion), or it may be voluntary ("induced" or "elective" abortion). Abortions are further categorized according to their degree of completion. These categories include:

    Threatened Inevitable Incomplete Complete Septic

    threatened abortion means the woman has experienced symptoms of bleeding or cramping.. At least one-third of all pregnant women will experience these symptoms. Half will go on to abort spontaneously. The other half will see the bleeding and cramping disappear and the remainder of the pregnancy will be normal. Complete Abortion means that all tissue has been passed through the cervix. This is the expected outcome for a pregnancy which was not viable from the outset. Often, a fetus never forms (blighted ovum). The bleeding and cramping steadily increases, leading up to an hour or two of fairly intense cramps. Then the pregnancy tissue is passed into the vagina incomplete Abortion With an incomplete abortion, some tissue remains behind inside the uterus. These typically present with continuing bleeding, sometimes very heavy, and sporadic passing of small pieces of pregnancy tissue.

    Inevitable Abortion Inevitable abortion means that a miscarriage is destined to occur, but no tissue has yet been passed. This is sometimes called a "missed abortion." This diagnosis is best made by ultrasonic visualization of the fetal heart and noting no movement. Alternatively, demonstrating no growth of the fetus over a one week period in early pregnancy confirms an inevitable abortion. Septic Abortion During the course of any abortion, spontaneous or induced, infection may set in. Such infections are characterized by fever, chills, uterine tenderness and occasionally, peritonitis. The responsible bacteria are usually a mixed group of Strep, coliforms and anaerobic organisms. These patients display a spectrum of illness, ranging from mild, to very severe.

    Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy


    Women with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy will have pain, sometimes unilateral and sometimes diffuse. Right shoulder pain suggests substantial blood loss. Within a few hours (usually), the abdomen becomes rigid, and the patient goes into shock. Sensitive pregnancy tests are positive.

    Placental Abruption
    Placental abruption is also known as a premature separation of the placenta. All placentas normally detach from the uterus shortly after delivery of the baby. If any portion of the placenta detaches prior to birth of the baby, this is called a placental abruption. A placental abruption may be partial or complete.

    A complete abruption is a disastrous event. The fetus will die within 15-20 minutes. The mother will die soon afterward, from either blood loss or the coagulation disorder which often occurs. Women with complete placental abruptions are generally desperately ill with severe abdominal pain, shock, hemorrhage, a rigid and unrelaxing uterus. Partial placental abruptions may range from insignificant to the striking abnormalities seen in complete abruptions.

    Placenta Previa
    Normally, the placenta is attached to the uterus in an area remote from the cervix. Sometimes, the placenta is located in such a way that it covers the cervix. This is called a placenta previa. There are degrees of placenta previa:

    A complete placenta previa means the entire cervix is covered. This positioning makes it impossible for the fetus to pass through the birth canal without causing maternal hemorrhage. This situation can only be resolved through cesarean section. A marginal placenta previa means that only the margin or edge of the placenta is covering the cervix. In this condition, it may be possible to achieve a vaginal delivery if the maternal bleeding is not too great and the fetal head exerts enough pressure on the placenta to push it out of the way and tamponade bleeding which may occur.

    Eclampsia
    Eclampsia means that maternal seizures have occurred in association with toxemia of pregnancy. These tonic/clonic episodes last for several minutes and may result in bite lacerations of the tongue. During the convulsion, maternal respirations stop and the patient turns blue because of the desaturated hemoglobin in her bloodstream. As the attack ends, she gradually resumes breathing and her color returns. Typically, she will remain comatose for varying lengths of time. If convulsions are frequent, she will remain comatose throughout. If infrequent, she may become arousable between attacks. If untreated, convulsions may become more frequent, followed by maternal death. In more favorable circumstances, recovery occurs.

    HELLP Syndrome
    The HELLP Syndrome is characterized by:

    Hemolysis Elevated Liver Enzymes Low Platelets

    This serious condition is associated with severe pre-eclampsia and the treatment is similar...delivery with prophylaxis against maternal seizures.

    Unlike pre-eclampsia, patients with HELLP syndrome may continue to experience clinical problems for days to weeks or even months. If the HELLP syndrome is mild, it may gradually resolve spontaneously, but more severe forms often require intensive, prolonged care to achieve a favorable outcome.

    You might also like