Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
226 views

Javascript Masterclass

The document is the HTML code for the homepage of W3Schools. It includes metadata tags with descriptions of the site, links to style sheets, and scripts for things like fonts, ads, and the navigation menu. The body contains code for the top navigation bar and menu, as well as scripts to handle dark mode preferences and sticky ads.

Uploaded by

Dota Career
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
226 views

Javascript Masterclass

The document is the HTML code for the homepage of W3Schools. It includes metadata tags with descriptions of the site, links to style sheets, and scripts for things like fonts, ads, and the navigation menu. The body contains code for the top navigation bar and menu, as well as scripts to handle dark mode preferences and sticky ads.

Uploaded by

Dota Career
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

<!

DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<title>Introduction to Java</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="Keywords" content="HTML, Python, CSS, SQL, JavaScript, How to, PHP,
Java, C, C++, C#, jQuery, Bootstrap, Colors, W3.CSS, XML, MySQL, Icons, NodeJS,
React, Graphics, Angular, R, AI, Git, Data Science, Code Game, Tutorials,
Programming, Web Development, Training, Learning, Quiz, Exercises, Courses,
Lessons, References, Examples, Learn to code, Source code, Demos, Tips, Website">
<meta name="Description" content="Well organized and easy to understand Web
building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL,
Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more.">
<meta property="og:image"
content="https://www.w3schools.com/images/w3schools_logo_436_2.png">
<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png">
<meta property="og:image:width" content="436">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="228">
<meta property="og:description" content="W3Schools offers free online tutorials,
references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular
subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.">
<link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/fontawesome.woff2?14663396" as="font"
type="font/woff2" crossorigin>
<link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/source-code-pro-v14-latin-regular.woff2"
as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin>
<link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/roboto-mono-v13-latin-500.woff2" as="font"
type="font/woff2" crossorigin>
<link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/source-sans-pro-v14-latin-700.woff2" as="font"
type="font/woff2" crossorigin>
<link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/source-sans-pro-v14-latin-600.woff2" as="font"
type="font/woff2" crossorigin>
<link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/freckle-face-v9-latin-regular.woff2" as="font"
type="font/woff2" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/w3schools30.css">
<script src='/lib/prism2.js'></script><link rel='stylesheet'
href='/lib/prism1.css'>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>
(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KTCFC3S');
var subjectFolder = location.pathname;
subjectFolder = subjectFolder.replace("/", "");
subjectFolder = subjectFolder.substr(0, subjectFolder.indexOf("/"));
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->

<script src="/lib/uic.js?v=1.0.5"></script>
<script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">
var k42 = false;

k42 = true;
</script>
<script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">
window.snigelPubConf = {
"adengine": {

"activeAdUnits": ["main_leaderboard", "sidebar_top", "bottom_left",


"bottom_right"]

}
}
uic_r_a()
</script>
<script async data-cfasync="false"
src="https://cdn.snigelweb.com/adengine/w3schools.com/loader.js"
type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/lib/common-deps.js?v=1.0.0"></script>
<script src="/lib/user-session.js?v=1.0.2"></script>
<script src="/lib/my-learning.js?v=1.0.11"></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
var stickyadstatus = "";
function fix_stickyad() {
document.getElementById("stickypos").style.position = "sticky";
var elem = document.getElementById("stickyadcontainer");
if (!elem) {return false;}
if (document.getElementById("skyscraper")) {
var skyWidth = Number(w3_getStyleValue(document.getElementById("skyscraper"),
"width").replace("px", ""));
}
else {
var skyWidth = Number(w3_getStyleValue(document.getElementById("right"),
"width").replace("px", ""));
}
elem.style.width = skyWidth + "px";
if (window.innerWidth <= 992) {
elem.style.position = "";
elem.style.top = stickypos + "px";
return false;
}
var stickypos = document.getElementById("stickypos").offsetTop;
var docTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop ||
document.body.scrollTop;
var adHeight = Number(w3_getStyleValue(elem, "height").replace("px", ""));
if (stickyadstatus == "") {
if ((stickypos - docTop) < 60) {
elem.style.position = "fixed";
elem.style.top = "60px";
stickyadstatus = "sticky";
document.getElementById("stickypos").style.position = "sticky";

}
} else {
if ((docTop + 60) - stickypos < 0) {
elem.style.position = "";
elem.style.top = stickypos + "px";
stickyadstatus = "";
document.getElementById("stickypos").style.position = "static";
}
}
if (stickyadstatus == "sticky") {
if ((docTop + adHeight + 60) > document.getElementById("footer").offsetTop) {
elem.style.position = "absolute";
elem.style.top = (document.getElementById("footer").offsetTop - adHeight) +
"px";
document.getElementById("stickypos").style.position = "static";
} else {
elem.style.position = "fixed";
elem.style.top = "60px";
stickyadstatus = "sticky";
document.getElementById("stickypos").style.position = "sticky";
}
}
}
function w3_getStyleValue(elmnt,style) {
if (window.getComputedStyle) {
return window.getComputedStyle(elmnt,null).getPropertyValue(style);
} else {
return elmnt.currentStyle[style];
}
}
</script>

</head>
<body>
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KTCFC3S"
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<style>
#darkmodemenu {
position:absolute;
top:-40px;
right:16px;
padding:5px 20px 10px 18px;
border-bottom-left-radius:5px;
border-bottom-right-radius:5px;
z-index:-1;
transition: top 0.2s;
user-select: none;
}
#darkmodemenu input,#darkmodemenu label {
cursor:pointer;
}
</style>
<script>
(
function setThemeMode() {
var x = localStorage.getItem("preferredmode");
var y = localStorage.getItem("preferredpagemode");
if (x == "dark") {
document.body.className += " darktheme";
}
if (y == "dark") {
document.body.className += " darkpagetheme";
}
})();
</script>
<div id="pagetop" class="w3-bar w3-card-2 notranslate">
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com" class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hover-none
w3-left w3-padding-16" title="Home" style="width:77px">
<i class="fa fa-logo ws-text-green ws-hover-text-green"
style="position:relative;font-size:42px!important;"></i>
</a>

<style>
.topnavmain_pro {
background-color:#282A35;
color:#fff;
}
body.darkpagetheme .topnavmain_pro {
background-color:#fff;
color:#000;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 1160px) {
.ws-hide-1160 {
display: none !important;
}
}
</style>

<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hide-small barex bar-item-hover w3-padding-24"


href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_open_nav('tutorials')" id="navbtn_tutorials"
title="Tutorials" style="width:116px">Tutorials <i class='fa fa-caret-down'
style="font-size:20px;"></i><i class='fa fa-caret-up' style="display:none"></i></a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hide-small barex bar-item-hover w3-padding-24"
href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_open_nav('references')"
id="navbtn_references" title="References" style="width:132px">References <i
class='fa fa-caret-down' style="font-size:20px;"></i><i class='fa fa-caret-up'
style="display:none"></i></a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hide-small barex bar-item-hover w3-padding-24
ws-hide-800" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_open_nav('exercises')"
id="navbtn_exercises" title="Exercises" style="width:118px">Exercises <i class='fa
fa-caret-down' style="font-size:20px;"></i><i class='fa fa-caret-up'
style="display:none"></i></a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hide-medium bar-item-hover w3-hide-small w3-
padding-24 barex topnavmain_video"
href="https://www.w3schools.com/videos/index.php" title="Video
Tutorials">Videos</a>
<!--<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hide-medium bar-item-hover w3-hide-small
w3-padding-24 barex" href="/pro/index.php" title="Go Pro">Pro <span class="ribbon-
topnav ws-hide-1080">NEW</span></a>-->

<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button bar-item-hover w3-padding-24"


href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_open()" id="navbtn_menu" title="Menu"
style="width:93px">Menu <i class='fa fa-caret-down'></i><i class='fa fa-caret-up'
style="display:none"></i></a>

<div id="loginactioncontainer" class="w3-right w3-padding-16" style="margin-


left:50px">
<div id="mypagediv"></div>
<!-- <button id="w3loginbtn" style="border:none;display:none;cursor:pointer"
class="login w3-right w3-hover-greener" onclick='w3_open_nav("login")'>LOG
IN</button>-->
<a id="w3loginbtn" class="w3-bar-item w3-btn bar-item-hover w3-right"
style="display:none;width:130px;background-color:#04AA6D;color:white;border-
radius:25px;" href="https://profile.w3schools.com/log-in?redirect_url=https%3A%2F
%2Fmy-learning.w3schools.com" target="_self">Log in</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-right w3-padding-16">
<!--<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button bar-icon-hover w3-right w3-hover-white w3-
hide-large w3-hide-medium" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_open()"
title="Menu"><i class='fa'>&#xf0c9;</i></a>
-->
<!--<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button bar-item-hover w3-right w3-hide-small
barex" style="width: 140px; border-radius: 25px; margin-right: 15px;"
href="https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog" target="_blank"
id="cert_navbtn" title="Courses">Paid Courses</a>-->
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-right ws-hide-900 w3-hide-small barex ws-
yellow ws-hover-yellow gt-btn-top-spaces" style="width: 150px;border-radius: 25px;
margin-right: 15px;" href="https://www.w3schools.com/spaces" target="_blank"
title="Get Your Own Website With W3Schools Spaces">Free Website</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-right ws-hide-1066 w3-hide-small barex ws-
pink ws-hover-pink gt-btn-top-cert" style="border-radius: 25px; margin-right:
15px;" href="https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog" target="_blank"
id="cert_navbtn" title="Courses">Get Certified</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-right w3-hover-dark-grey ws-hide-900 w3-
hide-small ws-hide-1160 barex topnavmain_pro gt-btn-top-pro" style="border-radius:
25px; margin-right: 15px;" href="/pro/index.php" target="_blank" title="Go pro and
unlock powerful features">Pro</a>

</div>
</div>

<div style='display:none;position:absolute;z-
index:4;right:52px;height:44px;background-color:#282A35;letter-spacing:normal;'
id='googleSearch'>
<div class='gcse-search'></div>
</div>
<div style='display:none;position:absolute;z-
index:3;right:111px;height:44px;background-color:#282A35;text-align:right;padding-
top:9px;' id='google_translate_element'></div>

<div class='w3-card-2 topnav notranslate' id='topnav'>


<div style="overflow:auto;">
<div class="w3-bar w3-left" style="width:100%;overflow:hidden;height:44px">
<a href='javascript:void(0);' class='topnav-icons fa fa-menu w3-hide-large
w3-left w3-bar-item w3-button' onclick='open_menu()' title='Menu'></a>
<a href='/default.asp' class='topnav-icons fa fa-home w3-left w3-bar-item w3-
button' title='Home'></a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/html/default.asp' title='HTML
Tutorial' style="padding-left:18px!important;padding-right:18px!important;">HTML</
a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/css/default.asp' title='CSS
Tutorial'>CSS</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/js/default.asp' title='JavaScript
Tutorial'>JAVASCRIPT</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/sql/default.asp' title='SQL
Tutorial'>SQL</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/python/default.asp' title='Python
Tutorial'>PYTHON</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/java/default.asp' title='Java
Tutorial'>JAVA</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/php/default.asp' title='PHP
Tutorial'>PHP</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/bootstrap/bootstrap_ver.asp'
title='Bootstrap Tutorial'>BOOTSTRAP</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/howto/default.asp' title='How To'>HOW
TO</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/w3css/default.asp' title='W3.CSS
Tutorial'>W3.CSS</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/c/index.php' title='C Tutorial'>C</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/cpp/default.asp' title='C++
Tutorial'>C++</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/cs/index.php' title='C#
Tutorial'>C#</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/react/default.asp' title='React
Tutorial'>REACT</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/r/default.asp' title='R
Tutorial'>R</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/jquery/default.asp' title='jQuery
Tutorial'>JQUERY</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/django/index.php' title='Django
Tutorial'>DJANGO</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/typescript/index.php'
title='Typescript Tutorial'>TYPESCRIPT</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/nodejs/default.asp' title='NodeJS
Tutorial'>NODEJS</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/mysql/default.asp' title='MySQL
Tutorial'>MYSQL</a>
<a href='javascript:void(0);' class='topnav-icons fa w3-right w3-bar-item w3-
button' onclick='gSearch(this)' title='Search W3Schools'>&#xe802;</a>
<a href='javascript:void(0);' class='topnav-icons fa w3-right w3-bar-item w3-
button' onclick='gTra(this)' title='Translate W3Schools'>&#xe801;</a>
<!-- <a href='javascript:void(0);' class='topnav-icons fa w3-right w3-bar-item
w3-button' onclick='changecodetheme(this)' title='Toggle Dark Code
Examples'>&#xe80b;</a>-->
<a href='javascript:void(0);' class='topnav-icons fa w3-right w3-bar-item w3-
button' onmouseover="mouseoverdarkicon()" onmouseout="mouseoutofdarkicon()"
onclick='changepagetheme(2)'>&#xe80b;</a>

<!--
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-right" id='topnavbtn_exercises'
href='javascript:void(0);' onclick='w3_open_nav("exercises")'
title='Exercises'>EXERCISES <i class='fa fa-caret-down'></i><i class='fa fa-caret-
up' style='display:none'></i></a>
-->

</div>

<div id="darkmodemenu" class="ws-black" onmouseover="mouseoverdarkicon()"


onmouseout="mouseoutofdarkicon()">
<input id="radio_darkpage" type="checkbox" name="radio_theme_mode"
onclick="click_darkpage()"><label for="radio_darkpage"> Dark mode</label>
<br>
<input id="radio_darkcode" type="checkbox" name="radio_theme_mode"
onclick="click_darkcode()"><label for="radio_darkcode"> Dark code</label>
</div>

<nav id="nav_tutorials" class="w3-hide-small" style="position:absolute;padding-


bottom:60px;">
<div class="w3-content" style="max-width:1100px;font-size:18px">
<span onclick="w3_close_nav('tutorials')" class="w3-button w3-xxxlarge w3-display-
topright w3-hover-white sectionxsclosenavspan" style="padding-right:30px;padding-
left:30px;">&times;</span><br>
<div class="w3-row-padding w3-bar-block">
<div class="w3-container" style="padding-left:13px">
<h2 style="color:#FFF4A3;"><b>Tutorials</b></h2>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">HTML and CSS</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/html/default.asp">Learn HTML</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/default.asp">Learn CSS</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/css_rwd_intro.asp" title="Responsive
Web Design">Learn RWD</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_ver.asp">Learn
Bootstrap</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3css/default.asp">Learn W3.CSS</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/colors/default.asp">Learn Colors</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/icons/default.asp">Learn Icons</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/graphics/default.asp">Learn Graphics</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/graphics/svg_intro.asp'>Learn SVG</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/graphics/canvas_intro.asp'>Learn
Canvas</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/howto/default.asp">Learn How To</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sass/default.php">Learn Sass</a>
<div class="w3-hide-large w3-hide-small">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">Data Analytics</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/ai/default.asp">Learn AI</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/python/python_ml_getting_started.asp">Learn Machine Learning</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/datascience/default.asp">Learn Data
Science</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/numpy/default.asp">Learn
NumPy</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/pandas/default.asp">Learn
Pandas</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/scipy/index.php">Learn SciPy</a>

<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/matplotlib_intro.asp">Learn


Matplotlib</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/statistics/index.php">Learn
Statistics</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/excel/index.php">Learn Excel</a>

<h3 class="w3-margin-top">XML Tutorials</h3>


<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/default.asp">Learn XML</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/ajax_intro.asp'>Learn XML AJAX</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/dom_intro.asp">Learn XML DOM</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xml_dtd_intro.asp'>Learn XML DTD</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/schema_intro.asp'>Learn XML
Schema</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xsl_intro.asp">Learn XSLT</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xpath_intro.asp'>Learn XPath</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xquery_intro.asp'>Learn XQuery</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">JavaScript</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/default.asp">Learn JavaScript</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jquery/default.asp">Learn jQuery</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/react/default.asp">Learn React</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/angular/default.asp">Learn AngularJS</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/js_json_intro.asp">Learn JSON</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/js_ajax_intro.asp">Learn AJAX</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/appml/default.asp">Learn AppML</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3js/default.asp">Learn W3.JS</a>

<h3 class="w3-margin-top">Programming</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/default.asp">Learn Python</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/java/default.asp">Learn Java</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/c/index.php">Learn C</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cpp/default.asp">Learn C++</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cs/index.php">Learn C#</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/r/default.asp">Learn R</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/kotlin/index.php">Learn Kotlin</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/go/index.php">Learn Go</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/django/index.php">Learn Django</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/typescript/index.php">Learn
TypeScript</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">Server Side</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sql/default.asp">Learn SQL</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/mysql/default.asp">Learn MySQL</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/php/default.asp">Learn PHP</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/asp/default.asp'>Learn ASP</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/nodejs/default.asp'>Learn Node.js</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/nodejs/nodejs_raspberrypi.asp'>Learn
Raspberry Pi</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/git/default.asp'>Learn Git</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/mongodb/index.php'>Learn MongoDB</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/aws/index.php'>Learn AWS Cloud</a>

<h3 class="w3-margin-top">Web Building</h3>


<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://www.w3schools.com/spaces"
target="_blank" title="Get Your Own Website With W3schools Spaces">Create a Website
<span class="ribbon-topnav ws-yellow">NEW</span></a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/where_to_start.asp">Where To Start</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3css/w3css_templates.asp">Web
Templates</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/browsers/default.asp">Web Statistics</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cert/default.asp">Web Certificates</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/whatis/default.asp">Web Development</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tryit/default.asp'>Code Editor</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/typingspeed/default.asp">Test Your
Typing Speed</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/codegame/index.html"
target="_blank">Play a Code Game</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cybersecurity/index.php">Cyber
Security</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/accessibility/index.php">Accessibility</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6 w3-hide-medium">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">Data Analytics</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/ai/default.asp">Learn AI</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/python/python_ml_getting_started.asp">Learn Machine Learning</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/datascience/default.asp">Learn Data
Science</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/numpy/default.asp">Learn
NumPy</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/pandas/default.asp">Learn
Pandas</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/scipy/index.php">Learn SciPy</a>

<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/matplotlib_intro.asp">Learn


Matplotlib</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/statistics/index.php">Learn
Statistics</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/excel/index.php">Learn Excel</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/googlesheets/index.php">Learn Google
Sheets</a>

<h3 class="w3-margin-top">XML Tutorials</h3>


<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/default.asp">Learn XML</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/ajax_intro.asp'>Learn XML AJAX</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/dom_intro.asp">Learn XML DOM</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xml_dtd_intro.asp'>Learn XML DTD</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/schema_intro.asp'>Learn XML
Schema</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xsl_intro.asp">Learn XSLT</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xpath_intro.asp'>Learn XPath</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xquery_intro.asp'>Learn XQuery</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br class="hidesm">
</nav>

<nav id="nav_references" class="w3-hide-small" style="position:absolute;padding-


bottom:60px;">
<div class="w3-content" style="max-width:1100px;font-size:18px">
<span onclick="w3_close_nav('references')" class="w3-button w3-xxxlarge w3-
display-topright w3-hover-white sectionxsclosenavspan" style="padding-
right:30px;padding-left:30px;">&times;</span><br>
<div class="w3-row-padding w3-bar-block">
<div class="w3-container" style="padding-left:13px">
<h2 style="color:#FFF4A3;"><b>References</b></h2>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">HTML</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tags/default.asp'>HTML Tag Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tags/ref_html_browsersupport.asp'>HTML
Browser Support</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tags/ref_eventattributes.asp'>HTML Event
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/colors/default.asp'>HTML Color
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tags/ref_attributes.asp'>HTML Attribute
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/tags/ref_canvas.asp'>HTML Canvas
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/graphics/svg_reference.asp'>HTML SVG
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href='/graphics/google_maps_reference.asp'>Google Maps Reference</a>
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">CSS</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/cssref/default.asp'>CSS Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/cssref/css3_browsersupport.asp'>CSS
Browser Support</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/cssref/css_selectors.asp'>CSS Selector
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href='/bootstrap/bootstrap_ref_all_classes.asp'>Bootstrap 3 Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href='/bootstrap4/bootstrap_ref_all_classes.asp'>Bootstrap 4 Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/w3css/w3css_references.asp'>W3.CSS
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/icons/icons_reference.asp'>Icon
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/sass/sass_functions_string.php'>Sass
Reference</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">JavaScript</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/jsref/default.asp'>JavaScript
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/jsref/default.asp'>HTML DOM
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/jquery/jquery_ref_overview.asp'>jQuery
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href='/angular/angular_ref_directives.asp'>AngularJS Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/appml/appml_reference.asp">AppML
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3js/w3js_references.asp">W3.JS
Reference</a>

<h3 class="w3-margin-top">Programming</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/python/python_reference.asp'>Python
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/java/java_ref_keywords.asp'>Java
Reference</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">Server Side</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/sql/sql_ref_keywords.asp'>SQL
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/mysql/mysql_ref_functions.asp'>MySQL
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/php/php_ref_overview.asp'>PHP
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/asp/asp_ref_response.asp'>ASP
Reference</a>
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">XML</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/dom_nodetype.asp'>XML DOM
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/dom_http.asp'>XML Http Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/xsl_elementref.asp'>XSLT
Reference</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/xml/schema_elements_ref.asp'>XML Schema
Reference</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top">Character Sets</h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/charsets/default.asp'>HTML Character
Sets</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/charsets/ref_html_ascii.asp'>HTML
ASCII</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/charsets/ref_html_ansi.asp'>HTML
ANSI</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/charsets/ref_html_ansi.asp'>HTML
Windows-1252</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/charsets/ref_html_8859.asp'>HTML ISO-
8859-1</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/charsets/ref_html_symbols.asp'>HTML
Symbols</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href='/charsets/ref_html_utf8.asp'>HTML UTF-
8</a>
</div>
</div>
<br class="hidesm">
</div>
</nav>

<nav id="nav_exercises" class="w3-hide-small" style="position:absolute;padding-


bottom:60px;">
<div class="w3-content" style="max-width:1100px;font-size:18px">
<span onclick="w3_close_nav('exercises')" class="w3-button w3-xxxlarge w3-display-
topright w3-hover-white sectionxsclosenavspan" style="padding-right:30px;padding-
left:30px;">&times;</span><br>
<div class="w3-row-padding w3-bar-block">
<div class="w3-container" style="padding-left:13px">
<h2 style="color:#FFF4A3;"><b>Exercises and Quizzes</b></h2>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top"><a class="ws-btn ws-yellow w3-hover-text-white"
style="width:155px;font-size:21px" href="/exercises/index.php">Exercises</a></h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/html/html_exercises.asp">HTML
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/css_exercises.asp">CSS Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/js_exercises.asp">JavaScript
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/python_exercises.asp">Python
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sql/sql_exercises.asp">SQL Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/php/php_exercises.asp">PHP Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/java/java_exercises.asp">Java
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/c/c_exercises.php">C Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cpp/cpp_exercises.asp">C++ Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cs/cs_exercises.asp">C# Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jquery/jquery_exercises.asp">jQuery
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/react/react_exercises.asp">React.js
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/mysql/mysql_exercises.asp">MySQL
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/bootstrap5/bootstrap_exercises.php">Bootstrap 5 Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/bootstrap4/bootstrap_exercises.asp">Bootstrap 4 Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_exercises.asp">Bootstrap 3 Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/numpy/numpy_exercises.asp">NumPy
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/python/pandas/pandas_exercises.asp">Pandas Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/scipy/scipy_exercises.php">SciPy
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/typescript/typescript_exercises.php">TypeScript Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/excel/excel_exercises.php">Excel
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/r/r_exercises.asp">R Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/git/git_exercises.asp">Git Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/kotlin/kotlin_exercises.php">Kotlin
Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/go/go_exercises.php">Go Exercises</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/mongodb/mongodb_exercises.php">MongoDB
Exercises</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top"><a class="ws-btn ws-yellow w3-hover-text-white"
style="width:135px;font-size:21px" href="/quiztest/default.asp">Quizzes</a></h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/html/html_quiz.asp" target="_top">HTML
Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/css_quiz.asp" target="_top">CSS
Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/js_quiz.asp" target="_top">JavaScript
Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/python_quiz.asp"
target="_top">Python Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sql/sql_quiz.asp" target="_top">SQL
Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/php/php_quiz.asp" target="_top">PHP
Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/java/java_quiz.asp" target="_top">Java
Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/c/c_quiz.php">C Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cpp/cpp_quiz.asp" target="_top">C++
Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cs/cs_quiz.asp" target="_top">C#
Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jquery/jquery_quiz.asp"
target="_top">jQuery Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/react/react_quiz.asp">React.js Quiz</a>

<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/mysql/mysql_quiz.asp"


target="_top">MySQL Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap5/bootstrap_quiz.php"
target="_top">Bootstrap 5 Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap4/bootstrap_quiz.asp"
target="_top">Bootstrap 4 Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_quiz.asp"
target="_top">Bootstrap 3 Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/numpy/numpy_quiz.asp"
target="_top">NumPy Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/pandas/pandas_quiz.asp"
target="_top">Pandas Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/scipy/scipy_quiz.php"
target="_top">SciPy Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/typescript/typescript_quiz.php">TypeScript Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xml_quiz.asp" target="_top">XML
Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/r/r_quiz.asp" target="_top">R Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/git/git_quiz.asp">Git Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/kotlin/kotlin_quiz.php"
target="_top">Kotlin Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/cybersecurity/cybersecurity_quiz.php">Cyber Security Quiz</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="/accessibility/accessibility_quiz.php">Accessibility Quiz</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top"><a class="ws-btn ws-yellow w3-hover-text-white"
style="width:135px;font-size:21px"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog"
target="_blank">Courses</a></h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/html-course"
target="_blank">HTML Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/css-course"
target="_blank">CSS Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/javascript-
course" target="_blank">JavaScript Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/front-end-
course" target="_blank">Front End Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/python-
course" target="_blank">Python Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/sql-course"
target="_blank">SQL Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/php-course"
target="_blank">PHP Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/java-course"
target="_blank">Java Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/c-course-1"
target="_blank">C++ Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/c-course"
target="_blank">C# Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/jquery-
course" target="_blank">jQuery Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/react-js-
course" target="_blank">React.js Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/bootstrap-4-
course" target="_blank">Bootstrap 4 Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/bootstrap-
course" target="_blank">Bootstrap 3 Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/numpy-
course" target="_blank">NumPy Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/pandas-
course" target="_blank">Pandas Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/learn-
typescript" target="_blank">TypeScript Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/xml-course"
target="_blank">XML Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/r-course"
target="_blank">R Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/data-
analytics-program" target="_blank">Data Analytics Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/cyber-
security-course" target="_blank">Cyber Security Course</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/
accessibility-course" target="_blank">Accessibility Course</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6">
<h3 class="w3-margin-top"><a class="ws-btn ws-yellow w3-hover-text-white"
style="width:150px;font-size:21px"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications"
target="_blank">Certificates</a></h3>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/html-
certificate" target="_blank">HTML Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/css-
certificate" target="_blank">CSS Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/javascript-
certificate" target="_blank">JavaScript Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/front-end-
certificate" target="_blank">Front End Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/python-
certificate" target="_blank">Python Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/sql-
certificate" target="_blank">SQL Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/php-
certificate" target="_blank">PHP Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/java-
certificate" target="_blank">Java Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/c-
certificate" target="_blank">C++ Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/c-
certificate-1" target="_blank">C# Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/jquery-
certificate" target="_blank">jQuery Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/react-js-
certificate" target="_blank">React.js Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/mysql-
certificate" target="_blank">MySQL Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/bootstrap-5-
certificate" target="_blank">Bootstrap 5 Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/bootstrap-4-
certificate" target="_blank">Bootstrap 4 Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/bootstrap-3-
certificate" target="_blank">Bootstrap 3 Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/typescript-
certificate" target="_blank">TypeScript Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/xml-
certificate" target="_blank">XML Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/excel-
certificate" target="_blank">Excel Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/data-
science-certificate" target="_blank">Data Science Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/cyber-
security-certificate" target="_blank">Cyber Security Certificate</a>
<a class="w3-bar-item w3-button"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/
accessibility-certificate" target="_blank">Accessibility Certificate</a>
</div>
</div>
<br class="hidesm">
</div>
</nav>

</div>
</div>

<div id='myAccordion' class="w3-card-2 w3-center w3-hide-large w3-hide-medium ws-


grey" style="width:100%;position:absolute;display:none;">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_close()" class="w3-button w3-xxlarge w3-
right">&times;</a><br>
<div class="w3-container w3-padding-32">
<a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;"
onclick="open_xs_menu('tutorials');" href="javascript:void(0);">Tutorials <i
class='fa fa-caret-down'></i></a>
<div id="sectionxs_tutorials" class="w3-left-align w3-show" style="background-
color:#282A35;color:white;"></div>
<a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;"
onclick="open_xs_menu('references')" href="javascript:void(0);">References <i
class='fa fa-caret-down'></i></a>
<div id="sectionxs_references" class="w3-left-align w3-show" style="background-
color:#282A35;color:white;"></div>
<a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;"
onclick="open_xs_menu('exercises')" href="javascript:void(0);">Exercises <i
class='fa fa-caret-down'></i></a>
<div id="sectionxs_exercises" class="w3-left-align w3-show" style="background-
color:#282A35;color:white;"></div>
<a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;"
href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog" target="_blank">Get
Certified</a>
<a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;"
href="https://www.w3schools.com/spaces" target="_blank" title="Get Your Own Website
With W3schools Spaces">Spaces</a>
<a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;"
target="_blank"href="https://www.w3schools.com/videos/index.php" title="Video
Tutorials">Videos</a>
<a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;"
href="https://shop.w3schools.com" target="_blank">Shop</a>
<a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;"
href="/pro/index.php">Pro</a>
</div>
</div>

<script>
(
function setThemeCheckboxes() {
var x = localStorage.getItem("preferredmode");
var y = localStorage.getItem("preferredpagemode");
if (x == "dark") {
document.getElementById("radio_darkcode").checked = true;

}
if (y == "dark") {
document.getElementById("radio_darkpage").checked = true;
}
})();

function mouseoverdarkicon() {
if(window.matchMedia("(pointer: coarse)").matches) {
return false;
}
var a = document.getElementById("darkmodemenu");
a.style.top = "44px";
}
function mouseoutofdarkicon() {
var a = document.getElementById("darkmodemenu");
a.style.top = "-40px";
}
function changepagetheme(n) {
var a = document.getElementById("radio_darkcode");
var b = document.getElementById("radio_darkpage");
document.body.className = document.body.className.replace("darktheme", "");
document.body.className = document.body.className.replace("darkpagetheme", "");

document.body.className = document.body.className.replace(" ", " ");


if (a.checked && b.checked) {
localStorage.setItem("preferredmode", "light");
localStorage.setItem("preferredpagemode", "light");
a.checked = false;
b.checked = false;
} else {
document.body.className += " darktheme";
document.body.className += " darkpagetheme";
localStorage.setItem("preferredmode", "dark");
localStorage.setItem("preferredpagemode", "dark");
a.checked = true;
b.checked = true;
}
}

function click_darkpage() {
var b = document.getElementById("radio_darkpage");
if (b.checked) {
document.body.className += " darkpagetheme";
document.body.className = document.body.className.replace(" ", " ");
localStorage.setItem("preferredpagemode", "dark");
} else {
document.body.className = document.body.className.replace("darkpagetheme", "");
document.body.className = document.body.className.replace(" ", " ");
localStorage.setItem("preferredpagemode", "light");
}
}

function click_darkcode() {
var a = document.getElementById("radio_darkcode");
if (a.checked) {
document.body.className += " darktheme";
document.body.className = document.body.className.replace(" ", " ");
localStorage.setItem("preferredmode", "dark");
} else {
document.body.className = document.body.className.replace("darktheme", "");
document.body.className = document.body.className.replace(" ", " ");
localStorage.setItem("preferredmode", "light");
}
}
</script>

<div class='w3-sidebar w3-collapse' id='sidenav'>


<div id='leftmenuinner'>
<div id='leftmenuinnerinner'>
<!-- <a href='javascript:void(0)' onclick='close_menu()' class='w3-button w3-hide-
large w3-large w3-display-topright' style='right:16px;padding:3px 12px;font-
weight:bold;'>&times;</a>-->
<h2 class="left"><span class="left_h2">Java</span> Tutorial</h2>
<a target="_top" href="default.asp">Java HOME</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_intro.asp">Java Intro</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_getstarted.asp">Java Get Started</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_syntax.asp">Java Syntax</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_output.asp">Java Output</a>
<div class="tut_overview">
<a target="_top" href="java_output.asp">Print Text</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_output_numbers.asp">Print Numbers</a>
</div>
<a target="_top" href="java_comments.asp">Java Comments</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_variables.asp">Java Variables</a>
<div class="tut_overview">
<a target="_top" href="java_variables.asp">Variables</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_variables_print.asp">Print Variables</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_variables_multiple.asp">Declare Multiple Variables</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_variables_identifiers.asp">Identifiers</a>
</div>
<a target="_top" href="java_data_types.asp">Java Data Types</a>
<div class="tut_overview">
<a target="_top" href="java_data_types.asp">Data Types</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_data_types_numbers.asp">Numbers</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_data_types_boolean.asp">Booleans</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_data_types_characters.asp">Characters</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_data_types_non-prim.asp">Non-primitive Types</a>

</div>
<a target="_top" href="java_type_casting.asp">Java Type Casting</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_operators.asp">Java Operators</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_strings.asp">Java Strings</a>
<div class="tut_overview">
<a target="_top" href="java_strings.asp">Strings</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_strings_concat.asp">Concatenation</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_strings_numbers.asp">Numbers and Strings</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_strings_specchars.asp">Special Characters</a>
</div>
<a target="_top" href="java_math.asp">Java Math</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_booleans.asp">Java Booleans</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_conditions.asp">Java If...Else</a>
<div class="tut_overview">
<a target="_top" href="java_conditions.asp">If...Else</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_conditions_shorthand.asp">Short Hand If...Else</a>
</div>
<a target="_top" href="java_switch.asp">Java Switch</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_while_loop.asp">Java While Loop</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_for_loop.asp">Java For Loop</a>
<div class="tut_overview">
<a target="_top" href="java_for_loop.asp">For Loop</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_foreach_loop.asp">For-Each Loop</a>
</div>
<a target="_top" href="java_break.asp">Java Break/Continue</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_arrays.asp">Java Arrays</a>
<div class="tut_overview">
<a target="_top" href="java_arrays.asp">Arrays</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_arrays_loop.asp">Loop Through an Array</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_arrays_multi.asp">Multidimensional Arrays</a>
</div>
<br>

<h2>Java Methods</h2>
<a target="_top" href="java_methods.asp">Java Methods</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_methods_param.asp">Java Method Parameters</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_methods_overloading.asp">Java Method Overloading</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_scope.asp">Java Scope</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_recursion.asp">Java Recursion</a>
<br>

<h2>Java Classes</h2>
<a target="_top" href="java_oop.asp">Java OOP</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_classes.asp">Java Classes/Objects</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_class_attributes.asp">Java Class Attributes</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_class_methods.asp">Java Class Methods</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_constructors.asp">Java Constructors</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_modifiers.asp">Java Modifiers</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_encapsulation.asp">Java Encapsulation</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_packages.asp">Java Packages / API</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_inheritance.asp">Java Inheritance</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_polymorphism.asp">Java Polymorphism</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_inner_classes.asp">Java Inner Classes</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_abstract.asp">Java Abstraction</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_interface.asp">Java Interface</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_enums.asp">Java Enums</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_user_input.asp">Java User Input</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_date.asp">Java Date</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_arraylist.asp">Java ArrayList</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_linkedlist.asp">Java LinkedList</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_hashmap.asp">Java HashMap</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_hashset.asp">Java HashSet</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_iterator.asp">Java Iterator</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_wrapper_classes.asp">Java Wrapper Classes</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_try_catch.asp">Java Exceptions</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_regex.asp">Java RegEx</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_threads.asp">Java Threads</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_lambda.asp">Java Lambda</a>
<br>

<h2>Java File Handling</h2>


<a target="_top" href="java_files.asp">Java Files</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_files_create.asp">Java Create/Write Files</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_files_read.asp">Java Read Files</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_files_delete.asp">Java Delete Files</a>
<br>

<h2>Java How To</h2>


<a target="_top" href="java_howto_add_two_numbers.asp">Add Two Numbers</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_howto_count_words.asp">Count Words</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_howto_reverse_string.asp">Reverse a String</a>
<br>

<h2>Java Reference</h2>
<a target="_top" href="java_ref_keywords.asp">Java Keywords</a>
<div class="ref_overview" style="margin-left:10px;">
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_abstract.asp">abstract</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_boolean.asp">boolean</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_break.asp">break</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_byte.asp">byte</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_case.asp">case</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_catch.asp">catch</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_char.asp">char</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_class.asp">class</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_continue.asp">continue</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_default.asp">default</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_do.asp">do</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_double.asp">double</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_else.asp">else</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_enum.asp">enum</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_extends.asp">extends</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_final.asp">final</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_finally.asp">finally</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_float.asp">float</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_for.asp">for</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_if.asp">if</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_implements.asp">implements</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_import.asp">import</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_instanceof.asp">instanceof</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_int.asp">int</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_interface.asp">interface</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_long.asp">long</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_new.asp">new</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_package.asp">package</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_private.asp">private</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_protected.asp">protected</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_public.asp">public</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_return.asp">return</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_short.asp">short</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_static.asp">static</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_super.asp">super</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_switch.asp">switch</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_this.asp">this</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_throw.asp">throw</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_throws.asp">throws</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_try.asp">try</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_void.asp">void</a>
<a target="_top" href="ref_keyword_while.asp">while</a>
</div>
<a target="_top" href="java_ref_string.asp">Java String Methods</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_ref_math.asp">Java Math Methods</a>
<br>

<h2>Java Examples</h2>
<a target="_top" href="java_examples.asp">Java Examples</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_compiler.asp">Java Compiler</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_exercises.asp">Java Exercises</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_quiz.asp">Java Quiz</a>
<a target="_top" href="java_exam.asp">Java Certificate</a>
<br>

<br><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='w3-main w3-light-grey' id='belowtopnav' style='margin-left:220px;'>
<div class='w3-row w3-white'>
<div class='w3-col l10 m12' id='main'>
<div id='mainLeaderboard' style='overflow:hidden;'>
<!-- MainLeaderboard-->

<!--<pre>main_leaderboard, all: [728,90][970,90][320,50][468,60]</pre>-->


<div id="adngin-main_leaderboard-0"></div>
<!-- adspace leaderboard -->

</div>
<h1>Java <span class="color_h1">Introduction</span></h1>
<div class="w3-clear nextprev">
<a class="w3-left w3-btn" href="default.asp">&#10094; Previous</a>
<a class="w3-right w3-btn" href="java_getstarted.asp">Next &#10095;</a>
</div>
<hr>

<h2>What is Java?</h2>
<p>Java is a popular programming language, created in 1995.</p>
<p>It is owned by Oracle, and more than <strong>3 billion</strong> devices run
Java.</p>
<p>It is used for:</p>
<ul>
<li>Mobile applications (specially Android apps)</li>
<li>Desktop applications</li>
<li>Web applications</li>
<li>Web servers and application servers</li>
<li>Games</li>
<li>Database connection</li>
<li>And much, much more!</li>
</ul>
<hr>

<h2>Why Use Java?</h2>


<ul>
<li>Java works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi,
etc.)</li>
<li>It is one of the most popular programming language in the world</li>
<li>It has a large demand in the current job market</li>
<li>It is easy to learn and simple to use</li>
<li>It is open-source and free</li>
<li>It is secure, fast and powerful</li>
<li>It has a huge community support (tens of millions of developers)</li>
<li>Java is an object oriented language which gives a clear structure to programs
and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs</li>
<li>As Java is close to <a href="/cpp/default.asp">C++</a> and <a
href="/cs/default.asp">C#</a>, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to Java
or vice versa</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2>Get Started</h2>
<p>It is not necessary to have any prior programming experience.</p>
<a class="ws-btn ws-grey ws-hover-black" href="java_getstarted.asp">Get Started
&raquo;</a>

<hr>
<div class="w3-clear nextprev">
<a class="w3-left w3-btn" href="default.asp">&#10094; Previous</a>
<a class="w3-right w3-btn" href="java_getstarted.asp">Next &#10095;</a>
</div>
<div id="mypagediv2" style="position:relative;text-align:center;"></div>
<br>

</div>
<div class="w3-col l2 m12" id="right">

<div class="sidesection">
<div id="skyscraper">

<div id="adngin-sidebar_top-0"></div>

</div>
</div>

<style>
.ribbon-vid {
font-size:12px;
font-weight:bold;
padding: 6px 20px;
left:-20px;
top:-10px;
text-align: center;
color:black;
border-radius:25px;
}
</style>

<div class="sidesection" id="video_sidesection">


<div class="w3-center" style="padding-bottom:7px">
<span class="ribbon-vid ws-yellow">NEW</span>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.5;font-family: Source Sans Pro;padding-
left:4px;padding-right:4px;">We just launched<br>W3Schools videos</p>
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/videos/index.php" class="w3-hover-
opacity"><img src="/images/htmlvideoad_footer.png" style="max-
width:100%;padding:5px 10px 25px 10px" loading="lazy"></a>
<a class="ws-button" style="font-size:16px;text-decoration: none !
important;display: block !important; color:#FFC0C7!important; width: 100%; border-
bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; paxdding-top: 10px;
padding-bottom: 20px; font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif; text-align:
center;" href="https://www.w3schools.com/videos/index.php">Explore now</a>
</div>

<div class="sidesection">
<h4><a href="/colors/colors_picker.asp">COLOR PICKER</a></h4>
<a href="/colors/colors_picker.asp">
<img src="/images/colorpicker2000.png" alt="colorpicker" loading="lazy">
</a>
</div>

<div class="sidesection">
<!--<h4>LIKE US</h4>-->
<div class="sharethis">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/w3schoolscom/" target="_blank"
title="Facebook"><span class="fa fa-facebook-square fa-2x"></span></a>
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/w3schools.com_official/" target="_blank"
title="Instagram"><span class="fa fa-instagram fa-2x"></span></a>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/w3schools.com/" target="_blank"
title="LinkedIn"><span class="fa fa-linkedin-square fa-2x"></span></a>
<a href="https://discord.gg/6Z7UaRbUQM" target="_blank" title='Join the
W3schools community on Discord'><span class="fa fa-discord fa-2x"></span></a>
</div>
</div>

<!--
<div class="sidesection" style="border-radius:5px;color:#555;padding-
top:1px;padding-bottom:8px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-
width:230px;background-color:#d4edda">
<p>Get your<br>certification today!</p>
<a href="/cert/default.asp" target="_blank">
<img src="/images/w3certified_logo_250.png" style="margin:0 12px 20px 10px;max-
width:80%">
</a>
<a class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom" style="text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;"
href="/cert/default.asp" target="_blank">View options</a>
</div>
-->

<style>
#courses_get_started_btn {
text-decoration:none !important;
background-color:#04AA6D;
width:100%;
border-bottom-left-radius:5px;
border-bottom-right-radius:5px;
padding-top:10px;
padding-bottom:10px;
font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;
}
#courses_get_started_btn:hover {
background-color:#059862!important;
}
</style>
<div id="internalCourses" class="sidesection">
<p style="font-size:18px;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;">Get certified<br>by
completing<br><span id="courses_subject_text">a</span> course today!</p>
<a id="courses_subject_img_link"
href="https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog" target="_blank">
<div style="padding:0 20px 20px 20px">
<svg id="w3_cert_badge2" style="margin:auto;width:85%" data-name="w3_cert_badge2"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"><defs><style>.cls-
1{fill:#04aa6b;}.cls-2{font-size:23px;}.cls-2,.cls-3,.cls-4{fill:#fff;}.cls-2,.cls-
3{font-family:RobotoMono-Medium, Roboto Mono;font-weight:500;}.cls-3{font-
size:20.08px;}</style></defs><circle class="cls-1" cx="150" cy="150" r="146.47"
transform="translate(-62.13 150) rotate(-45)"/><text class="cls-2"
transform="translate(93.54 63.89) rotate(-29.5)">w</text><text class="cls-2"
transform="translate(107.13 56.35) rotate(-20.8)">3</text><text class="cls-2"
transform="matrix(0.98, -0.21, 0.21, 0.98, 121.68, 50.97)">s</text><text
class="cls-2" transform="translate(136.89 47.84) rotate(-3.47)">c</text><text
class="cls-2" transform="translate(152.39 47.03) rotate(5.12)">h</text><text
class="cls-2" transform="translate(167.85 48.54) rotate(13.72)">o</text><text
class="cls-2" transform="translate(182.89 52.35) rotate(22.34)">o</text><text
class="cls-2" transform="matrix(0.86, 0.52, -0.52, 0.86, 197.18,
58.36)">l</text><text class="cls-2" transform="matrix(0.77, 0.64, -0.64, 0.77,
210.4, 66.46)">s</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(35.51 186.66)
rotate(69.37)"> </text><text class="cls-3" transform="matrix(0.47, 0.88, -0.88,
0.47, 41.27, 201.28)">C</text><text class="cls-3" transform="matrix(0.58, 0.81, -
0.81, 0.58, 48.91, 215.03)">E</text><text class="cls-3" transform="matrix(0.67,
0.74, -0.74, 0.67, 58.13, 227.36)">R</text><text class="cls-3"
transform="translate(69.16 238.92) rotate(39.44)">T</text><text class="cls-3"
transform="matrix(0.85, 0.53, -0.53, 0.85, 81.47, 248.73)">I</text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(94.94 256.83) rotate(24.36)">F</text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(109.34 263.09) rotate(16.83)">I</text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(124.46 267.41) rotate(9.34)">E</text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(139.99 269.73) rotate(1.88)">D</text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(155.7 270.01) rotate(-5.58)"> </text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(171.32 268.24) rotate(-13.06)"> </text><text
class="cls-2" transform="translate(187.55 266.81) rotate(-21.04)">.</text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(203.27 257.7) rotate(-29.24)"> </text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(216.84 249.83) rotate(-36.75)"> </text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(229.26 240.26) rotate(-44.15)">2</text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(240.39 229.13) rotate(-51.62)">0</text><text
class="cls-3" transform="translate(249.97 216.63) rotate(-59.17)">2</text><text
class="cls-3" transform="matrix(0.4, -0.92, 0.92, 0.4, 257.81,
203.04)">2</text><path class="cls-4" d="M196.64,136.31s3.53,3.8,8.5,3.8c3.9,0,6.75-
2.37,6.75-5.59,0-4-3.64-5.81-8-5.81h-2.59l-1.53-3.48,6.86-
8.13a34.07,34.07,0,0,1,2.7-2.85s-1.11,0-3.33,0H194.79v-5.86H217.7v4.28l-
9.19,10.61c5.18.74,10.24,4.43,10.24,10.92s-4.85,12.3-13.19,12.3a17.36,17.36,0,0,1-
12.41-5Z"/><path class="cls-4" d="M152,144.24l30.24,53.86,14.94-
26.61L168.6,120.63H135.36l-13.78,24.53-13.77-
24.53H77.93l43.5,77.46.15-.28.16.28Z"/></svg>
</div>

</a>
<a class="w3-btn" id="courses_get_started_btn"
href="https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog" target="_blank">Get
started</a>
</div>
<script>
switch (subjectFolder) {
case "cpp":
subjectText = "C++";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/c-course-1";
break;
case "java":
subjectText = "Java";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/java-course";
break;
case "bootstrap4":
subjectText = "Bootstrap 4";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/bootstrap-4-
course";
break;
case "xml":
subjectText = "XML";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/xml-course";
break;
case "jquery":
subjectText = "jQuery";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/jquery-course";
break;
case "accessibility":
subjectText = "Accessibility";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/accessibility-
course";
break;
case "bootstrap":
subjectText = "Bootstrap 3";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/bootstrap-course";
break;
case "html":
subjectText = "HTML";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/html-course";
break;
case "tags":
subjectText = "HTML";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/html-course";
break;
case "css":
subjectText = "CSS";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/css-course";
break;
case "cssref":
subjectText = "CSS";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/css-course";
break;
case "js":
subjectText = "JavaScript";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/javascript-course";
break;
case "jsref":
subjectText = "JavaScript";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/javascript-course";
break;
case "react":
subjectText = "React.js";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/react-js-course";
break;
case "sql":
subjectText = "SQL";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/sql-course";
break;
case "python":
subjectText = "Python";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/python-course";
break;
case "php":
subjectText = "PHP";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/php-course";
break;
case "cybersecurity":
subjectText = "Cyber Security";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/cyber-security-
course";
break;
case "r":
subjectText = "R";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/r-course";
break;
case "numpy":
subjectText = "Numpy";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/numpy-course";
break;
case "pandas":
subjectText = "Pandas";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/pandas-course";
break;
case "cs":
subjectText = "C#";
subjectLink =
"https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog/products/c-course";
break;
default:
subjectText = "a";
subjectLink = "https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog";
}
if (subjectText != "a") {
document.getElementById("courses_subject_text").innerHTML = "a " + subjectText +
"<br>";
document.getElementById("courses_subject_img_link").href = subjectLink;
document.getElementById("courses_get_started_btn").href = subjectLink;
}
</script>

<!--
<div class="sidesection" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-
width:230px">
<a href="https://shop.w3schools.com/" target="_blank" title="Buy W3Schools
Merchandize">
<img src="/images/tshirt.jpg" style="max-width:100%;">
</a>
</div>
-->

<div class="sidesection" id="moreAboutSubject">


</div>

<!--
<div id="sidesection_exercise" class="sidesection" style="background-
color:#555555;max-width:200px;margin:auto;margin-bottom:32px">
<div class="w3-container w3-text-white">
<h4>Exercises</h4>
</div>
<div>
<div class="w3-light-grey">
<a target="_blank" href="/html/exercise.asp" style="padding-top:8px">HTML</a>
<a target="_blank" href="/css/exercise.asp">CSS</a>
<a target="_blank" href="/js/exercise_js.asp">JavaScript</a>
<a target="_blank" href="/sql/exercise.asp">SQL</a>
<a target="_blank" href="/php/exercise.asp">PHP</a>
<a target="_blank" href="/python/exercise.asp">Python</a>
<a target="_blank" href="/bootstrap/exercise_bs3.asp">Bootstrap</a>
<a target="_blank" href="/jquery/exercise_jq.asp" style="padding-
bottom:8px">jQuery</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
-->

<div class="sidesection codegameright ws-turquoise" style="font-size:18px;font-


family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;border-radius:5px;color:#FFC0C7;padding-
top:12px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:230px;">
<style>
.codegameright .w3-btn:link,.codegameright .w3-btn:visited {
background-color:#04AA6D;
border-radius:5px;
}
.codegameright .w3-btn:hover,.codegameright .w3-btn:active {
background-color:#059862!important;
text-decoration:none!important;
}
</style>
<h4><a href="/codegame/index.html" class="w3-hover-text-black">CODE GAME</a></h4>
<a href="/codegame/index.html" target="_blank" class="w3-hover-opacity"><img
style="max-width:100%;margin:16px 0;" src="/images/w3lynx_200.png" alt="Code Game"
loading="lazy"></a>
<a class="w3-btn w3-block ws-black" href="/codegame/index.html" target="_blank"
style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:12px;border-top-left-radius:
0;border-top-right-radius: 0">Play Game</a>
</div>

<!--

<div class="sidesection w3-light-grey" style="margin-left:auto;margin-


right:auto;max-width:230px">
<div class="w3-container w3-dark-grey">
<h4><a href="/howto/default.asp" class="w3-hover-text-white">HOW TO</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="w3-container w3-left-align w3-padding-16">
<a href="/howto/howto_js_tabs.asp">Tabs</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_css_dropdown.asp">Dropdowns</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_js_accordion.asp">Accordions</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_js_sidenav.asp">Side Navigation</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_js_topnav.asp">Top Navigation</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_css_modals.asp">Modal Boxes</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_js_progressbar.asp">Progress Bars</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_css_parallax.asp">Parallax</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_css_login_form.asp">Login Form</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_html_include.asp">HTML Includes</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_google_maps.asp">Google Maps</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_js_rangeslider.asp">Range Sliders</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_css_tooltip.asp">Tooltips</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_js_slideshow.asp">Slideshow</a><br>
<a href="/howto/howto_js_sort_list.asp">Sort List</a><br>
</div>
</div>
-->

<!--
<div class="sidesection w3-round" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-
width:230px">
<div class="w3-container ws-black" style="border-top-right-radius:5px;border-top-
left-radius:5px;">
<h5><a href="/cert/default.asp"
class="w3-hover-text-white">Certificates</a></h5>
</div>
<div class="w3-border" style="border-bottom-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-
radius:5px;">
<a href="/cert/cert_html.asp" class="w3-button ws-grey w3-block w3-border-bottom"
style="text-decoration:none">HTML</a>
<a href="/cert/cert_css.asp" class="w3-button ws-grey w3-block w3-border-bottom"
style="text-decoration:none">CSS</a>
<a href="/cert/cert_javascript.asp" class="w3-button ws-grey w3-block w3-border-
bottom" style="text-decoration:none">JavaScript</a>
<a href="/cert/cert_frontend.asp" class="w3-button ws-grey w3-block w3-border-
bottom" style="text-decoration:none">Front End</a>
<a href="/cert/cert_python.asp" class="w3-button ws-grey w3-block w3-border-
bottom" style="text-decoration:none">Python</a>
<a href="/cert/cert_sql.asp" class="w3-button ws-grey w3-block w3-border-bottom"
style="text-decoration:none">SQL</a>
<a href="/cert/default.asp" class="w3-button ws-grey w3-block" style="text-
decoration:none;">And more</a>
</div>
</div>
-->

<div id="stickypos" class="sidesection" style="text-


align:center;position:sticky;top:50px;">
<div id="stickyadcontainer">
<div style="position:relative;margin:auto;">

<div id="adngin-sidebar_sticky-0"></div>
<script>
function secondSnigel() {
if(window.adngin && window.adngin.adnginLoaderReady) {
if (Number(w3_getStyleValue(document.getElementById("main"),
"height").replace("px", "")) > 2200) {
if (document.getElementById("adngin-mid_content-0")) {
adngin.queue.push(function()
{ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["sidebar_sticky", "mid_content" ]); });
} else {
adngin.queue.push(function()
{ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["sidebar_sticky"]); });
}
} else {
if (document.getElementById("adngin-mid_content-0")) {
adngin.queue.push(function()
{ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["mid_content"]); });
}
}
} else {
window.addEventListener('adnginLoaderReady', function() {
if (Number(w3_getStyleValue(document.getElementById("main"),
"height").replace("px", "")) > 2200) {
if (document.getElementById("adngin-mid_content-0")) {
adngin.queue.push(function()
{ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["sidebar_sticky", "mid_content" ]); });
} else {
adngin.queue.push(function()
{ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["sidebar_sticky"]); });
}
} else {
if (document.getElementById("adngin-mid_content-0")) {
adngin.queue.push(function()
{ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["mid_content"]); });
}
}
});
}
}
</script>

</div>
</div>
</div>

<script>
uic_r_c()
</script>

</div>
</div>
<div id="footer" class="footer w3-container w3-white">

<hr>

<div style="overflow:auto">
<div class="bottomad">
<!-- BottomMediumRectangle -->
<!--<pre>bottom_medium_rectangle, all: [970,250][300,250][336,280]</pre>-->
<div id="adngin-bottom_left-0" style="padding:0 10px 10px
0;float:left;width:auto;"></div>
<!-- adspace bmr -->
<!-- RightBottomMediumRectangle -->
<!--<pre>right_bottom_medium_rectangle, desktop: [300,250][336,280]</pre>-->
<div id="adngin-bottom_right-0" style="padding:0 10px 10px
0;float:left;width:auto;"></div>
</div>
</div>

<hr>
<div class="w3-row-padding w3-center w3-small" style="margin:0 -16px;">
<div class="w3-col l3 m3 s12">
<a class="w3-btn ws-black w3-block w3-round" href="javascript:void(0);"
onclick="displayError();return false" style="white-space:nowrap;text-
decoration:none;margin-top:1px;margin-bottom:1px;font-size:17px;font-family:Source
Sans Pro, sans-serif;">Report Error</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m3 s12">
<a class="w3-btn ws-black w3-block w3-round"
href="https://www.w3schools.com/spaces/" target="_blank" style="text-
decoration:none;margin-top:1px;margin-bottom:1px;font-size:17px;font-family:Source
Sans Pro, sans-serif;">Spaces</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m3 s12">
<a class="w3-btn ws-black w3-block w3-round" href="/pro/index.php" target="_top"
style="text-decoration:none;margin-top:1px;margin-bottom:1px;font-size:17px;font-
family:Source Sans Pro, sans-serif;">Pro</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m3 s12">
<a class="w3-btn ws-black w3-block w3-round"
href="https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/certifications" target="_blank"
style="text-decoration:none;margin-top:1px;margin-bottom:1px;font-size:17px;font-
family:Source Sans Pro, sans-serif;">Buy Certificate</a>
</div>

</div>
<hr>
<div class="ws-grey w3-padding w3-margin-bottom" id="err_form"
style="display:none;position:relative">
<span onclick="this.parentElement.style.display='none'" class="w3-button w3-
display-topright w3-large">&times;</span>
<h2>Report Error</h2>

<p>If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not
hesitate to send us an e-mail:</p>
<p>help@w3schools.com</p>
<br>

<!--
<h2>Your Suggestion:</h2>
<form>
<div class="w3-section">
<label for="err_email">Your E-mail:</label>
<input class="w3-input w3-border" type="text" style="margin-top:5px;width:100%"
id="err_email" name="err_email">
</div>
<div class="w3-section">
<label for="err_email">Page address:</label>
<input class="w3-input w3-border" type="text" style="width:100%;margin-top:5px"
id="err_url" name="err_url" disabled="disabled">
</div>
<div class="w3-section">
<label for="err_email">Description:</label>
<textarea rows="10" class="w3-input w3-border" id="err_desc" name="err_desc"
style="width:100%;margin-top:5px;resize:vertical;"></textarea>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<button type="button" class="w3-button w3-dark-grey"
onclick="sendErr()">Submit</button>
</div>
<br>
</form>
-->

</div>
<div class="w3-container ws-grey w3-padding" id="err_sent"
style="display:none;position:relative">
<span onclick="this.parentElement.style.display='none'" class="w3-button w3-
display-topright">&times;</span>
<h2>Thank You For Helping Us!</h2>
<p>Your message has been sent to W3Schools.</p>
</div>

<div class="w3-row w3-center w3-small">


<div class="w3-col l3 m6 s12">
<div class="top10">
<h5 style="font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;">Top Tutorials</h5>
<a href="/html/default.asp">HTML Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/css/default.asp">CSS Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/js/default.asp">JavaScript Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/howto/default.asp">How To Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/sql/default.asp">SQL Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/python/default.asp">Python Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/w3css/default.asp">W3.CSS Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_ver.asp">Bootstrap Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/php/default.asp">PHP Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/java/default.asp">Java Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/cpp/default.asp">C++ Tutorial</a><br>
<a href="/jquery/default.asp">jQuery Tutorial</a><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6 s12">
<div class="top10">
<h5 style="font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;">Top References</h5>
<a href="/tags/default.asp">HTML Reference</a><br>
<a href="/cssref/default.asp">CSS Reference</a><br>
<a href="/jsref/default.asp">JavaScript Reference</a><br>
<a href="/sql/sql_ref_keywords.asp">SQL Reference</a><br>
<a href="/python/python_reference.asp">Python Reference</a><br>
<a href="/w3css/w3css_references.asp">W3.CSS Reference</a><br>
<a href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_ref_all_classes.asp">Bootstrap Reference</a><br>
<a href="/php/php_ref_overview.asp">PHP Reference</a><br>
<a href="/colors/colors_names.asp">HTML Colors</a><br>
<a href="/java/java_ref_keywords.asp">Java Reference</a><br>
<a href="/angular/angular_ref_directives.asp">Angular Reference</a><br>
<a href="/jquery/jquery_ref_overview.asp">jQuery Reference</a><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6 s12">
<div class="top10">
<h5 style="font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;">Top Examples</h5>
<a href="/html/html_examples.asp">HTML Examples</a><br>
<a href="/css/css_examples.asp">CSS Examples</a><br>
<a href="/js/js_examples.asp">JavaScript Examples</a><br>
<a href="/howto/default.asp">How To Examples</a><br>
<a href="/sql/sql_examples.asp">SQL Examples</a><br>
<a href="/python/python_examples.asp">Python Examples</a><br>
<a href="/w3css/w3css_examples.asp">W3.CSS Examples</a><br>
<a href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_examples.asp">Bootstrap Examples</a><br>
<a href="/php/php_examples.asp">PHP Examples</a><br>
<a href="/java/java_examples.asp">Java Examples</a><br>
<a href="/xml/xml_examples.asp">XML Examples</a><br>
<a href="/jquery/jquery_examples.asp">jQuery Examples</a><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="w3-col l3 m6 s12">
<div class="top10">
<!--
<h4>Web Certificates</h4>
<a href="/cert/default.asp">HTML Certificate</a><br>
<a href="/cert/default.asp">CSS Certificate</a><br>
<a href="/cert/default.asp">JavaScript Certificate</a><br>
<a href="/cert/default.asp">SQL Certificate</a><br>
<a href="/cert/default.asp">Python Certificate</a><br>
<a href="/cert/default.asp">PHP Certificate</a><br>
<a href="/cert/default.asp">Bootstrap Certificate</a><br>
<a href="/cert/default.asp">XML Certificate</a><br>
<a href="/cert/default.asp">jQuery Certificate</a><br>
<a href="//www.w3schools.com/cert/default.asp" class="w3-button w3-margin-top w3-
dark-grey" style="text-decoration:none">
Get Certified &raquo;</a>
-->

<a href="https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog" target="_blank"><h5


style="font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;">Get Certified</h5></a>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/html-
certificate" target="_blank">HTML Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/css-
certificate" target="_blank">CSS Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/
javascript-certificate" target="_blank">JavaScript Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/front-
end-certificate" target="_blank">Front End Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/sql-
certificate" target="_blank">SQL Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/python-
certificate" target="_blank">Python Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/php-
certificate" target="_blank">PHP Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/jquery-
certificate" target="_blank">jQuery Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/java-
certificate" target="_blank">Java Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/c-
certificate" target="_blank">C++ Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/c-
certificate-1" target="_blank">C# Certificate</a><br>
<a href="https://campus.w3schools.com/collections/certifications/products/xml-
certificate" target="_blank">XML Certificate</a><br>
<!--<a href="https://shop.w3schools.com/collections/course-catalog" target="_blank"
class="w3-button w3-margin-top ws-black ws-hover-black w3-round" style="text-
decoration:none;font-size:16px;font-family:Source Sans Pro, sans-serif;">
Get Certified &#10095;</a>-->

</div>
</div>
</div>

<hr>
<div class="w3-opacity" style="font-size:12px;text-align:right;margin-
bottom:16px;margin-right:8px;">
<a href="/forum/default.asp" target="_blank" class="xw3-text-grey xw3-hover-
text-black" style="text-decoration:none" title="Forum">FORUM</a> |
<a href="/about/default.asp" target="_top" class="xw3-text-grey xw3-hover-text-
black" style="text-decoration:none" title="About W3Schools">ABOUT</a>
</div>
<div class="w3-center w3-small w3-opacity">
W3Schools is optimized for learning and training. Examples might be simplified to
improve reading and learning.
Tutorials, references, and examples are constantly reviewed to avoid errors, but we
cannot warrant full correctness of all content.
While using W3Schools, you agree to have read and accepted our <a
href="/about/about_copyright.asp">terms of use</a>,
<a href="/about/about_privacy.asp">cookie and privacy policy</a>.<br><br>
<a href="/about/about_copyright.asp">Copyright 1999-2022</a> by Refsnes Data. All
Rights Reserved.<br>
<a href="//www.w3schools.com/w3css/default.asp">W3Schools is Powered by
W3.CSS</a>.<br><br>
</div>
<div class="w3-center w3-small">
<a href="//www.w3schools.com">
<i class="fa fa-logo ws-text-green ws-hover-text-green"
style="position:relative;font-size:42px!important;"></i>
</div>
<br><br>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/lib/w3schools_footer.js?update=20220202"></script>

<script>
MyLearning.loadUser('footer');
function docReady(fn) {
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", fn);
if (document.readyState === "interactive" || document.readyState === "complete"
) {
fn();
}
}
uic_r_z();
uic_r_d()
</script>

<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>

<![endif]-->
</body>
</html>

You might also like