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POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

Assignment -3

TYPE OF QUESTION:MCQ

Number ofquestions: 7 Total marks: 20

QUESTION 1: Mark: 2

Select the most suitable pickup setting for a ground overcurrent relay (51N) protecting a rural distribution
feeder with rated current of 120 A,

(A) 25 A (B) 40 A (C) 100 A (D) 150 A

Correct answer:(B) 40 A

Detailed Solution:

Pickup setting of a ground overcurrent relay for rural feeder is selected as,𝐼𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑢𝑝 ≥ 0.3𝐼𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 .
Considering the above factor, (B) 40 A is the most suitable option for pickup setting of the relay.
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QUESTION 2: Mark: 2

What will be the operating time of an overcurrent relay following IEEE very inverse characteristic for a fault
current of 600 A?Consider the pickup setting and TMS setting of the relay as 150 A and 1.5 respectively.

(A) 2 s (B) 3.5 s (C) 1.6 s (D) 2.7 s

Correct answer:(D) 2.7 s

Detailed Solution:

𝛽
Operating time, 𝑡 = ( 𝛼 + 𝐿) × 𝑇𝑀𝑆
(𝐼 ⁄𝐼𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑢𝑝 ) −1
For IEEE very inverse characteristic, α = 2, β=19.61, L = 0.491

Substituting I = 600 A and Ipickup = 150 A and TMS = 1.5, operating time is calculated as, t = 2.7 s
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QUESTION 3:
Mark: 3
C B A

RC RB

Relay RB coordinates with RC. Both relays have CTs of 100:5. Maximum fault current at bus B is 1000 A.
Pickup current of both relays is 10 A. If the coordination time interval required is 0.3s. Obtain the TMS
value of RCfrom the given relay characteristics.

(A) 0.2 (B) 0.3 (C) 0.4 (D) 0.5

Correct answer:(C) 0.4

Detailed Solution:

Relay RBis to be set with lowest TMS value available in the characteristics, which is 0.1.
From the relay characteristics, operating time of RBwith TMS = 0.1 and PSM = 5 is close to 0.15s.
With coordinating time interval of 0.3s, operating time for RC should be should be (0.15+0.3 = ) 0.45s.
For this operating time with PSM = 5, TMS of RCwill be 0.4 (as shown below).
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0.45

0.15

QUESTION 4-6:

D C B A

11kV, RD RC RB
50 Hz

Relays CT ratio Maximum load current Minimum fault current Maximum fault current
RB 50:5 46 A 540 A 1220 A
RC 100:5 96 A 980 A 2160 A
RD 200:5 170 A 1552 A 3880 A

A 11kV, 50 Hz distribution feeder is shown in the figure. All the overcurrent relays shown in the system are
set with IEEE standard moderately inverse characteristics. Maximum and minimum fault currents observed
by the relays are provided in the Table withthe maximum load currents and CT ratios at the corresponding
buses.
Available TMS settings = 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1
Throughout calculation, consider values up to 2 decimal points.

QUESTION 4: Mark: 3

Different sets of pickup settings (A) for relay RB, RC and RD are provided below. Which set violates the
security and dependability constrain of the overcurrent relay?

(A) 10, 10, 10

(B) 15, 12, 10
(C) 17, 10, 40
(D) 9.5, 15, 9.5

Correct answer:(C)
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QUESTION 5: Mark: 5

Considering the pickup setting for all the relays to be the next higher integer of the 2 times of maximum load
current at the corresponding buses and a coordination time interval (CTI) of 0.3s, which is the correct set of
TMS settings for the relays RB, RC and RD respectively?

(A) 0.025, 0.05, 0.1

(B) 0.025, 0.1, 0.5
(C) 0.025, 0.25, 0.5
(D) 0.025, 0.25, 1

Correct answer:(C)

QUESTION 6: Mark: 3

Considering pickup and TMS settings of the relays as calculated in Question 5, what will be the operating
times (in second) of the relays RB, RC and RDfor maximum fault current at bus B?

(A) 0.03, 0.33, 0.63

(B) 0.03, 0.52, 1.7
(C) 0.03, 0.25, 1.5
(D) 0.03, 0.38, 1.2

Correct answer:(D)
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Detailed Solution:(4 to 6)

For IEEE standard moderately inverse characteristics,

𝛽
Operating time of the relay, 𝑡 = ( 𝛼 + 𝐿) × 𝑇𝑀𝑆
(𝐼 ⁄𝐼𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑢𝑝 ) −1
For IEEE very inverse characteristic, α = .02, β=0.0515, L = 0.114

For relay RB,

 Maximum load current seen by the relay = 46 A
46
 With CT ratio of 50:5, maximum load current seen in the CT secondary = (50⁄5) = 4.6 𝐴
540
 Minimum fault current seen in the CT secondary = (50⁄5) = 54 𝐴
 Pickup current should be between (4.6 × 2) = 9.2𝐴 and 54 A
 Considering pickup current to be the next higher integer of 2 times of maximum load current, pickup current
of relay RB should be set as10 A
 TMS of RB should be selected as the minimum TMS value available for the relay, which is 0.025.
𝛽
 For maximum fault current at B, operating time of the relay RB, = (((1220 ⁄10)⁄10)α−1 + 𝐿) × 0.025 =
0.03 s

For relay RC,

 Maximum load current seen by the relay = 96 A
96
 With CT ratio of 100:5, maximum load current seen in the CT secondary = (100⁄ ) = 4.8 𝐴
5
980
 Minimum fault current seen in the CT secondary = (100⁄5)
= 49 𝐴
 Pickup current should be between (4.8 × 2) = 9.6𝐴 and 49 A
 Considering pickup current to be the next higher integer of 2 times of maximum load current, pickup current
of relay RC should be set as 10 A.
 With CTI of 0.3s, operating time for relay R C, for a maximum fault current at B should be (0.03+0.3) = 0.33 s.
0.33
 With a pickup setting of 10A and operating time of 0.33s, TMS of relay R C will be = 𝛽 =
(((
1220 ⁄20)⁄10)α −1
+𝐿)
0.22.
 Based on TMS setting availability, TMS of R C should be 0.25.
𝛽
 For maximum fault current at C, operating time of the relay RC, = (((2160 ⁄20)⁄10)α−1 + 𝐿) × 0.25 =
0.29 s

For relay RD,

 Maximum load current seen by the relay = 170 A
170
 With CT ratio of 50:5, maximum load current seen in the CT secondary = (200⁄5) = 4.25 𝐴
1552
 Minimum fault current seen in the CT secondary = (200⁄5) = 38.8 𝐴
 Pickup current should be between (4.25 × 2) = 9.5𝐴 and 38.8 A
 Considering pickup current to be the next higher integer of 2 times of maximum load current, pickup current
of relay RD should be set as 10 A
 With CTI of 0.3s, operating time for relay R D, for a maximum fault current at C should be (0.29+0.3) = 0.59 s.
0.59
 With a pickup setting of 10A and operating time of 0.59s, TMS of relay R D will be = 𝛽 =
((( +𝐿)
2160 ⁄40)⁄10 )α −1
0.36.
 Based on TMS setting availability, TMS of RD should be 0.5.
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For Question4: pickup setting of RCin (C) is above minimum fault current level i.e. 40 A> 38.8 A

For Question5: As mentioned above, TMS settings for relays RB, RC and RD are 0.025, 0.25 and 0.5.

For Question6:
𝛽
For maximum fault current at B, operating time of the relay RB, = (((1220 ⁄ + 𝐿) × 0.025= 0.03 s
10)⁄10)α −1
𝛽
For maximum fault current at B, operating time of the relay RC, = (((1220 ⁄20)⁄10)α−1 + 𝐿) × 0.25 = 0.38 s
𝛽
For maximum fault current at B, operating time of the relay RD, = (((1220 ⁄40) ⁄10)α−1 + 𝐿) × 0.5= 1.2 s

QUESTION 7: Mark: 2

For the system shown consider all the relays are of directional overcurrent type. For fault at F, which relays
will operate the circuit breakers in case of failure of primary relay from A end.

D C
RDC RCD RCB
RDA

F
RAD RAB RBA RBC
A B

(A) RDA, RBA

(B) RAD, RBA
(C) RDC, RBA
(D) RDA, RBC

Correct answer: (A)

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Detailed Solution:
For fault at F, primary protection is provided by R AB at bus A and RBA at bus B. In case of failure of relay at
bus A, back-up protection will be provided by RDA at bus D. So the isolation will be provided by the
decision of RDA and RBA.