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What was the primary objective of the U.S. policy that led to the conflict shown in the
painting?
a. To protect the safety of the transcontinental railroad from attack.
b. To force American Indian tribes on the Great Plains to live on reservations.
c. To remove remaining American Indian tribes from east of the Mississippi River.
d. To capture deserters from the Union and Confederate armies after the Civil War.
6. Which was NOT one of the ways in which 19th-century settlers dealt with the challenges of
farming on the Great Plains?
a. They used barbed wire for fencing.
b. They burned cow and buffalo chips for fuel.
c. They relied on irrigation from nearby lakes for water.
d. They used steel plows to dig furrows into the tough soil.
7. The patents below were filed by Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Alva Edison.
What is the view of the cartoonist about the power of Tammany Hall in New York City?
a. New York City government was unaffected by Tammany Hall.
b. Tammany Hall maintained its power by falsifying vote counts in elections.
c. Immigrants were happy to vote for Tammany Hall to repay it for its services.
d. Many ordinary citizens felt powerful because Tammany Hall listened to them.
13. The graph below shows the population of Chinese immigrants and their descendants in the
United States from 1860 to 1920.
Why the population of Chinese Americans decrease, as shown on the graph, when the
populations of many other ethnic groups were increasing?
a. Improved economic conditions in China discouraged further emigration to the United
States.
b. Congressional legislation in the 1880s banned any further immigration of workers from
China.
c. After completion of the transcontinental railroad, there was a shortage of jobs in
western cities.
d. China entered into a “Gentlemen’s Agreement” with the United States not to permit
further emigration.
14. The excerpt below is from William Jennings Bryan’s speech at the Democratic National
Convention in 1896.
Why did Bryan’s rural supporters believe that the gold standard was oppressive?
a. They knew that railroad owners and grain elevator operators usually insisted on begin
paid with gold coin.
b. They believed that a policy of bimetallism would lead crop prices to rise, making farm
debts less burdensome.
c. They feared that speculators like Jay Gould and James Fisk would manipulate prices by
cornering the gold market.
d. They felt that reliance on the gold standard in international trade had made it difficult
for farmers to export crops overseas.
15. The excerpt below was written by Upton Sinclair in his novel The Jungle in 1905.
How did this event contribute to the United States’ entry into the Spanish-American War?
a. It led to anti-government demonstrations in the United States.
b. It enraged Cuban Americans in Florida who had lost their relatives.
c. It revealed that the United States needed to have colonies in the Caribbean.
d. It became difficult for President McKinley to resist demands to intervene in Cuba.
20. The timeline below shows the dates of U.S. annexation of several territories.
Why did the use of unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic by Germany, as announced
in the note above, so enrage American public opinion?
a. Submarine warfare was prohibited under international law.
b. The United States did not have as large a submarine fleet as Germany.
c. Submarines attacked without warning and did not have enough room to take on
survivors.
d. The use of submarines for a naval blockade was causing starvation in Great Britain and
France.
23. The photo below shows infantry soldiers in France during World War I.
Which sentence best explains the conditions shown in the photograph?
a. Shortages of fuel made it difficult for armies in France to use tanks or airplanes.
b. The use of machine guns made it difficult for soldiers to advance across open fields.
c. Lack of public support for the war made it safer for soldiers to remain isolated in
trenches.
d. Troops were kept separate from civilians as a safety precaution before the discovery of
antibiotics.
24. The excerpt below is from the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States (2019).
30. Why are the Twenties often considered to have been a turning point for American women?
a. Women were generally able to remain in the jobs they had filled while men were away
during World War I.
b. Women gained social and economic equality with men through new affirmative action
programs and federal legislation.
c. Women were guaranteed the right to vote, wore less restrictive clothing, and enjoyed
increased employment opportunities.
d. Women began taking more aggressive steps on behalf women’s suffrage, including
marches and demonstrations in front of the White House.
31. Based on these excerpts, in what way were the views of W.E.B. DuBois and Alain Locke
similar?
32. The cartoon below, “Watch your Step,” appeared in November 1925. The photograph below
was taken in Chicago in February 1931.
Which event contributed to the changes from the time of the political cartoon to the
conditions shown in the photograph?
a. Demobilization after World War I
b. The rise of Nazism in Germany
c. “Black Tuesday”
d. The “Red Scare”
33. The picture below shows a dust storm approaching Stratford, Texas, in 1933.
What was one effect of this and similar events across the Great Plaines in the 1930s?
a. Growth of the banking industry from farm loans
b. Mass migration to California and other states
c. Suspension of government assistance to farmers
d. Increase in farm production on the Great Plains
34. How did President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response to the Great Depression differ from
Herbert Hoover’s?
35. Which New Deal agency helped businesses draw up their own voluntary codes of fair practice,
including standard prices and minimum wages, but was later held to be unconstitutional by
the Supreme Court?
a. Tennessee Valley Authority
b. Civilian Conservation Corps
c. Social Security Administration
d. National Recovery Administration
36. The list below provides information about conditions in the 1940s.
42. The memorandum below was written by President Kennedy in September 1961.
In the last paragraph, President Kenney wrote: “I am also interested in knowing when and
under what circumstances we would expect to use West German forces if the East Germans
confront us.”
Which situation was President Kennedy addressing?
a. The failure of the Soviet Union to permit elections in Poland.
b. The Soviet blockade of all road and rail routes to West Berlin.
c. The building of the Berlin Wall to separate East and West Berlin.
d. The construction of silos for missiles with nuclear warheads in Cuba.
43. What was the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
a. The world came close to a nuclear war.
b. Khrushchev condemned the actions of Castro.
c. The United States overthrew Communism in Cuba.
d. The United States failed to give air cover to Cuban exiles.
44. On what grounds did the Supreme Court rule that racial segregation in public schools was
unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education?
a. The practice of racial segregation is based on personal prejudices that Americans should
strive to overcome.
b. Southern states had not invested in African-American schools, which were not equal in
quality to white schools.
c. Segregated schools were by their nature unequal because they gave African-American
children a sense of inferiority.
d. The United States will not be able to compete internationally if it does not help all its
citizens to reach their full potential.
45. The excerpt below is From Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” in 1963.
Which steps did Dr. King advocate African-Americans should take to end those conditions they
could no longer endure?
a. Taking hostages and launching terrorist attacks
b. Rioting in cities and forming armed bands for self-defense
c. Engaging in marches, boycotts, and non-violent civil disobedience
d. Adopting measures to separate from other groups in American society
46. Which organizations favored independent actions by African-Americans to improve their
conditions without collaborating with sympathetic members of other races?
a. Urban League and the NAACP
b. Black Panthers & SNCC after 1967
c. CORE & Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
d. Montgomery Improvement Association & SCLC
47. Which of the following was an important gain for women in the 1970s?
a. Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment
b. Equal representation of women and men in corporate management
c. Passage of the Equal Opportunity in Education Act, known as Title IX
d. Ratification of a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women’s suffrage
48. Which belief prompted American leaders to enter into the Vietnam War?
a. They believed that Vietnamese Communists would be difficult to defeat.
b. They felt that the United States had historic ties with the people of Vietnam.
c. They saw the war as an opportunity to overturn the Communist government in nearby
China.
d. They feared if South Vietnam fell to Communists, other countries in Southeast Asia
would also do so.
49. Which argument was raised by domestic critics of the Vietnam War?
a. Military service, even on behalf of a just cause, should never be compulsory.
b. Most South Vietnamese welcomed establishment of a Communist government.
c. An all-out military effort by the United States would quickly bring a military victory.
d. The U.S. government had misrepresented facts about the war to the American public.
50. What was the primary goal of President Nixon’s policy of détente?
a. To create stronger ties with Latin America
b. To improve relations with Western Europe
c. To decrease tensions with the Soviet Union
d. To recognize the Communist government in China