ACANTHACEAE - The Acanthaceae of Colombia

-; - '
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Contributions from the United States National Herbarium
Volume 31
THE ACANTHACEAE
OF COLOMBIA
By EMERY C. LEONARD
Associate Curator of Phanerogams
United States National Museum
SS%2
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D. C. • 1958

Museum
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON t 1958
\
Publications of the United States National Herbarium
^
The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the

Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the
Department of Agiiculture and continued to be maintained by that
department untU July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
however. continued to publish the series of

yf
entitled "Contributions from the United States National Herbarium
which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the Na
tional Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed respon
sibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the serie
where issued by the Department of Agriculture.
Kemington Kellogg,
Director, United States National Museum.
III
:
Errata—Pakt 3
Page 426, line 9 from bottom For "ultimal" read "ultimae."

:
Page 487, line 9 from bottom For "adhatoda" read "hyssopifolia."

:
Page 770, after line 1 insert the following line

camea
Nicholson."
Page 772, line 14 For "Page ii" read "Page iii."
:
Page 776, Index For "Cyphaeanthus" read "Cyphacanthus."

:
IV
CONTENTS
Fafie
Part 1, The Acanthaceae of Colombia, I: Subfamilies Nel-

sonioideae, Mendoncioideae, Tbunbergioideae;
Acanthoideae. (Published June 8, 1951) 1-117
. . .
Part 2. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, II: Subfamily

Acanthoideae, continued. (Published Novem-
ber 10, 1953) 119-322
^
Part 3. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, III: Subfamily

Acanthoideae, completed. (Published February
4, 1958) 323-781
V
i:
The Acanthaceae of Colombia

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\ CONTRIBUTIONS
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United States National Herbarium

Volume 31, Part 1
THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA ?
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By EMERY C. LEONARD
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C.
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CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
Volume 31, Part 1
THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA 9
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By EMERY C. LEONARD
Mr'
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UNITED STATES
WASHINGTON : 1951
For Bale by the Superintendent of Documeute, U. S. GoYernmcnt Printing O lllk'>
Washington 25, D.C - Price 50 cents

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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"V
f PREFACE
C. Leonard, associate curator of the De

U. S. National Museum
of Colombia. Mr. Leonard
has studied this family over a period of many years and has prep
various systematic and regional revisions. The family is divided into
four subfamilies, of which the first three are treated in their entirety
in this first part ; of the fourth and largest subfamily, 5 of its 13 tribes
are covered in the present paper. The Acanthaceae include many
showy and beautiful plants, which are or should be in cultivation ; the
family is cosmopolitan in the tropical and subtropical parts of the
world and is especially well developed in Andean America. In
Colombia the family demonstrates a high percentage of specific
endemism. Fourteen genera, including 72 species, of which 30 are

described as new, are discussed in the present treatment.
K. SWALLEN,
J.
Head Curator^ D'ejpartment of Botany^
United States National Museum.
in
17248^
t-
—
CONTENTS
Pag«
1
Introduction
Systematic treatment 4
Subfamily Nelsonioideae^,., 4
Staurogyne 5
Elytraria 7
Nelsonia 10
Subfamily Mendoncioideae. 10
Mendoncia 11
Subfamily Thunbergioideae 40
Thunbergia 40
Subfamily Acanthoideae_-_ 44
Series Contortae
44
Tribe Triclianthereae^, 45
Bravaisia 45
Trichanthera 47
Sanchezia 61
Tribe Hygrophileae 57
Hygrophila 58
Tribe Petalidieae 60
Blechum 60
Phaylopsis 64
Tribe Ruellieae 65
Ruellia 66
Tribe Barlerieae 109
Barleria 109
Teliostachya 111
115
Index
V
ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
1. Staurogyne lepidagathoides Leonard 6
2. Elytraria imhricata (Vahl) Pers. 9
3. Nelsonia brunelloides (Lam.) Kuntze 11
Mendoncia
4. cordaia Leonard 17
5. Mendoncia mirahilis Leonard ^™ ^" ^" ^^ ^^ ^" ^" ^" -^ -^ — -*^ ^— ^T ^^ ^^ ^^ M m 19
0. Mendoncia glnhresccns Leonard 24
7. Mendoncia penneUii Leonard 26
8. Mendoncia glomerata hcoimnl 27
9. Mendoncia rosea Leonard 29
10. Mendoncia liioralis Leonard 31
IL Mendoncia gilva Leonard 33
12. Mendoncia odorata Leonard 35
13. Mendoncia mutisii Leonard 37
14. Mendoncia cualrecasasii Leonard 37
15. Mendoncia microchlamys Leonard 40
16. Thunhergia fragrans Roxb. 43
17. Bravaisia integerrima (Sprcng.) StandL 47
18. Trichanthera gigantea (llumh. & Bonp\.) Noes 49
10. Sanchezia lutea hconiXTd 54
20. Sanchezia putnniayensis Leonard
56
21. Ilygrophila guianensis Necs 59
22. Blechum hrownei Jiiss. forma -puherulum Leonard 61
23. Blechum haughtii Tjeonard (53
24. P/io7//ops?"s pom/oro Willd. 65
25. Ruellia ioli7nensis J jConsLTd
70
26. Rucllia polamophila Leonard 72
27. Ruellia chariessa Leonard
75
28. Ruellia grisea Leonard 81
29. Ruellia ischnopnda Leonard 83
30. Ruellia caucensis Leonard 85
31. Ruellia rushyi Leonard 87
32. Ruellia viridiflora Leonard __ 99
33. Ruellia pcnneliii Leonard __ IQI
O
4, Ruellia colovibiana Leonard ]03
35. Ruellia aquafica Leonard __ 104
36. Ruellia lasiostachya Leonard _ 106
37. Ruellia putumayensis Leonard 106
38. Ruellia urihei Leonard _ __ _ 108
39- Barleria crisiatalj.
40. Teliostachya lanceolaia Nees
_ _ _ m
II4
VI
:
THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I
By Emery C. Leonard
INTRODUCTION
been made to brino
lias
Colombian Acanthaceae
Prodromus (vol. 11, 1847), Nees
Colomb isolated
were described by Lindau and other botanists, butno general work

containing keys has yet been attempted. This present paper is by no
means the final word, for almost any fair-sized new collection will still
produce undescribed material, especially in the genera Mendoncia,

Ruellia, Aphelandra, and DicUptera. The specimens studied so far
"" """'
seem to indicate that botanical exploration is still needed
Colombia. The new Putumayo material, for example, has furnished
abundant novelties. What
Meta
can be left only to conjecture.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss, in an orderly fashion, all
Colomb
may
plants or use the keys for detecting further undescribed species. Ex-
cept for brief discussions to indicate the possible relationship of
novelties to allied species, no attempt has been made in this paper to
consider the phylogeny of the family. A thorough treatment of this

monoiira
vision. For the same reason detailed morphological discussions, except
for the formal descriptions, will also be omitted. Full synonomy has
not been attempted. Only the name-bringing synonyms or those based
wholly or partly on Colombian species, as a rule, have been included.
In tropical and subtropical regions, the family as a whole is cosmo-

politan, although a number of genera are confined to one hemisphere
only. Strange as it may
seem, with the exception of a few species of
Acanthus in the Mediterranean region, no Acanthaceae are to be found
in Europe, even though Africa abounds in them. The following list
will show in a general way the distribution of the genera treated in

Part I of my revision
1
2 OONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Btauroffyne: Both hemispheres.

Elytraria: Tropical America.
Nelsonia: Both hemispheres.
Mendoncia: Tropical America.
Tliunlergia: Old ^yorld, but mostly African.
Bravaisia: Tropical America.
Trichanthera: Tropical America.
SanoJiezia: Tropical America.
Hygrophila: Both hemispheres.
Blechum: Both hemispheres.
Phaylopsis: Eastern hemisphere. An escape in America.
Ruellia: Both hemispheres.
Barleria: Both hemispheres.
Africa
In view of the mountainous nature of Colombia, endemism is to be
expected many of the new species treated here are based on a single
;
collection, and the range of others is limited to a single

department
or to a few adjacent ones. Colombian species seldom occur in Peru,
There is, nevertheless, some affinity along the eastern border to the
plants^ of northwestern Brazil and western Venezuela. But,
again,
there is scarcely any affinity to the Panamanian flora except in the
case of a few species that follow the mountain ranges of Panama
down
through El Choco.
This large and complex group of plants has been placed by Engler,
in his System,! between the small families Globulariaceae and Plan-
taginaceae, but near the larger and more complex family Ges-
it is
neriaceae. Because of a superficial resemblance, confusion sometimes

arises in distinguishing these two families. Certain characteristics
are almost always present, however, by which an acanthaceous plant
can be recognized. The most prominent and easiest to detect of these
characters the presence of cystoliths, suiall mineral concretions ap-
is
pearing as minute short lines on the upper surface of the leaf blades,
the upper portions of the stems, on the branches of the inflorescence,
and on the calyx. Similar cystoliths do occur in a few other distant
Urticaceae. In Acanthaceae they are lacking only
members
Mendoncioid 5
and for some un-
accountable reason in the large genus Aphelandra of the fourth sub-
family (Acanthoideac). In Mendoncioideae raised stelliform mark-
ings at the bases of the hairs on the upper surface of the leaf blades
may appear to be of the nature of cystoliths. Bremekamp,^ however,
contends that they are merely large raised epidermal cells so elevated
by differential shrinkage. A more general earmark of the family, and
' Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 5, 201, 1907.
' Rec. Trav. Bot. NCêrl. 35: 141. 1038.
(Leonard: thei acanthaceae of Colombia, i 3
subulate hook-sliaped extension of the

peculiar to it, is the unusual
the This character is again
funicle (retinacula) which , supports seed.
subfamilies. Superficially there
lacking in the fruit of the first three
associate these subfamilies with typical
are actually few traits that
Acanthaceae.
plants in cultivation belong
Probably the best-known acanthaceous
the genus Acanthus {aKavBo,, thorny plant). This name was also
to
given to bear's-breech or Acanthus mollis L. conventionalizedAform
one used so extensively in
of the leaf of A, mollis may have been the
Koman architecture. That ornamenting Corinthian columns was sup-
posed to have been derived from A. spinosus L.^

are reported to have medicinal
Some of the plants of the family
ncluded
Many
Aphelandra, but most
v espe
Benth. & Hook., Aphelandr
cial care. JacoUnia magnifwa
tiaca Lindl. or some of its forms, and Sancheda speciosa Leonard are
^
^ ^ ^ H m J I
most Recently
from Mexico
pot plant.
Thwib
encouraged as garden plants.
The sequence of subfamilies and tribes is that of Dalla Torre and
Harms' Genera Siphonogamarum.

those deposited in the XJ. S. National
The specimens cited are chiefly
examina-
Herbarium. A few other herbaria have lent specimens for
Of special interest in the Stockholm
tion and citation in this paper.
material were the Lawrance, Kjell von Sneidern, and Billberg collec-
A considerable number of the specimens procured by

tions.
Lawrance and von Sneidern were new to science. The Billberg col-
oldest (1825-182G) plant material

lection was Tuiique in being the
Billberg's No. 1 (the type of
examined. By firsthand study of
in proper genus,
Blechum angustius Nees) I was able to
, place it its
loan was
New York
a complete set
Tetramermm. Of interest in the
widely distributed H. H. Smith Santa Marta plants with full
of the
collector's data accompanying each sheet.
The photographs of types in European herbaria made by J. I'.
Macbride and distributed by the Chicago Natural History Museum

Where cited in this paper, the nega-
have been of the greatest value.
tive number of the photograph is given.
generously aided by lending material
To the custodians who have so
U
Herbarium, E. P. K
•
L, H, Bailey. Cyclopedia of Amer. Hort. 11. 1900,
:
4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
R. Swallen, and C. V. Morton, for their valuable suggestions and the

checking of the manuscript, I wish to extend thanks. The herbaria
contributing material for this paper are indicated by the following
letters
Bog, Institute de la Salle, Bogota, Colombia.

Ch, Chicago Natural History Museum.
Col, Ilerbario Nacional <le Colombia, BogotTi, Colombia.
Gil, Gray Herbarium, Harvard University.
Med, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional, Medellln, Colombia.
Mo, Missouri Botanical Gnrden.
NY, New York Botanical Garden.
Ph, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
S, Riksmuseet, Stockholm.
US, United States National Herbarium.
Valle, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional, Call,
Colombia.
A summarizing list of exsiccatae will be published with the conclud-
ing portion of this treatment.
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
ACANTHACEAE J. St. Hil. : Acanthus Family
Acanthaceae J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 1 : 236. 1805.
Herbs, shrubs, or small trees; leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate;

flowers irregular to nearly regular, perfect; calyx persistent, inferior,
the segments 5 or occasionally fewer; corolla gamopetalous,
the limb
5-lobed or 2-lipped (rarely 1-lipped) stamens 4, didynamous,
or 2
;
only staminodes often present in the 2-stamened flowers anther

; ; sacs
2 or longitudinally dehiscent ovary 2-celled, the ovules 2 to 10 in
1, ;
each cavity; style filiform, simple; stigmas 1 or 2; fruit a capsule

(drupaceous in Mendoncia), 2-celled, 2-valved; seeds usually flat,
borne on retinacula which are papilliform in a few genera but usu-
muc
wlien moistened.
KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES

Funicle papilliform or lacking.
Herbs (sometimes more orless shrubby) 1. Nelsonioideae
Vines.
Fruit a drupe 2. Mendoncioideae
Fruit a beaked capsule 3. Thunbeegioideae
Funicle hook-shaped (retinacula)
4. Acanthoideae
Subfamily 1. NELSONIOIDEAE
Nelsonioideae Lindau in Bot. Jahrb. Eugler 18: 43. 1893.
Herbs without cystoliths

flowers solitary, borne in the axils of the
;
leaves or bracts, mostly disposed in spikes; calyx more or less

equally
i>eo:s"Ard: the- acanthaceae of colombiAj i 5
5-parted; corolla 2-lipped or equally 5-lobed, the lobes imbricate;

stamens 2 or 4; staminodes none or 2; anthers 2-celled; pollen marked
by clefts or pores ("spaltenpollen" : cleft-pollen) ; disk poorly devel-
^râA . i-vTTiiioa nnmoTTmc in PfipTi fpll hnmo. iTi 2 TOWS! caDsules bcakcd
form
KEY TO THE GENERA

Stamens 4 1- Staurogyne
Stamens 2.
Scape densely covered by scalelike leaves — 2. Elytraria
peduncled or sessile spikes.
Scapes none, the flowers borne in small
3. Nelsonia
1. STAUROGYNE Wall.
Wall The genus consists of

widely distributed throughout the tropical regions
80 or more species, these
of the world. The majority of the American species occur in Brazil. The
name is derived from aravpos, a cross, and yvvV, woman, 1. e., pistil, in
allusion to the 3-lobed cross-shaped stiyma. Type species: S. argentea

Wall. Type locality : Silhet.
Ebermaiera Nees in Wall. PI. Asiat. Ear. 3 : 75. 1832. The genus Ebermaiera was
named for Ilenrich Ebermaier, a German physician of Dusscldorf, who,
in collaboration with Frederich Nees, wrote and edited a H;uuU>ook of
Medical-pharmaceutical Botany. Type species: E. humilis Nees. Type
locality: Burma.
Erythracanthus Nees in Wall. Asiat. Rar. 3: 75. 1S32. The name is derived
I'l.
from epvepos, red, and aKavOos, Acanthus, in allusion to the deep red-purple
color of the lower surface of the leaf blades. Type species : E. raccmosus
Nees. Type locality : Penang.
Herbs or shrubs; stems (plants rarely acaulescent) erect, ascend-

ing, or repent, simple or branched, terete or subquadrangular (some-
times winged), glabrous, pilose, tomentose, or pubescent, the hairs or
some of them often glandular leaves opposite, usually

;
petioled, en-
tire; flowers sessile or short-pediceled, few or numerous, borne in
terminal or axillary loose or compact spikes or racemes calyx deeply ;
5-parted, the posterior segment oblong, usually conspicuously longer
and broader than the others, the anterior pair usually linear, wider
than the setaceous lateral pair; corolla usually red, purple, or yellow,
tubular, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed,
the lobes rounded stamens 4, ; usually included, a staminode usually

present betwêen the posterior pair; anthers 2-celled, their sacs ovate,
subequal, muticous; stigma 2- or 3-parted; capsules oblong, obtuse,

numerous
globose ; retinacula none,
1, Staurogyne lepidagathoides Leonard, sp. nov. Figuke 1
Herba, caulibus adscendentibus, pilosis vel subtomentosis lamina ;
foliorum oblonga, acuta, basi angustata, Integra vel undulata, glabra,

costa et venis sparse pilosis exceptis ; petioli pilosi ; spicae terminalea

et axillares; bracteae lanceolatae utrinque acutae pilosae et glandu-
loso-puberulentae bracteolae lineares; calycis segmenta pilosa et
;
glanduloso-puberulenta, posticum lineare, trinerve, altera subulata,

uninervia ; corolla alba, glabra capsulae oblongae, glabrae vel apice
;
sparse pubescentes semina minuta brunnea crasse verrucosa.

;
Figure \—Staurogy7ie lepidagathoides Leonard {Penndl 3983): a. Tip of branch; h, bract;

c, bractlet; d, calyx; e, capsule; /, half of capsule showing arrangement of seed;
g, lower
lip of corolla; h, upper lip of corolla; i, stamen, {a, Natural size; b-f, about twice natural
size; g, h, about three times natural size; i, about five times natural size.)
Herbs; stems ascending, up to about 15 cm. high, reddish brown,

pilose or subtomentose, the hairs white, long leaf blades up to 2 mm. ;
oblong, up to 7.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide (those subtending the
spikelets smaller, usually about 4.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide), acute
at both ends (the tip blunt), entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa
and veins (7 to 9 pairs) sparingly pilose, rather prominent petioles
;
up to 5 mm. long, pilose flowers borne in terminal and lateral spikes

;
up to 4 cm. long and 1 cm. in diameter; brticts lanceolate, G.5 mm.

long, 1.75 mm. wide, acute at both ends, the pubescence a mixture of
white spreading hairs up to 1.5 mm. long and minute glandular ones,
mm
mm
ascending hairs 1mm. long and minute glandular ones the posterior
;
segment linear, 0.5 mm. wide, 3-nerved, the others subulate, 0.25 mm.
wide, 1-nervcd, the nerves of the lateral segments enlarged near base;
corolla white, glabrous, 4 mm. long capsule oblong, 4 mm. long, 1 to ;
2.5 mm.
broad, rounded at tip, glabrous or having a few minute
apical hairs seeds minute, brown, coarsely verrucose.
;
Leonard: the acanthaceae of Colombia, i 7
U. S. National Herbariuiiij No, 1042943, collected at

Q the
edge thicket near Buena Vista, east of SincCj Department of
Colombia, altitude 100 to 150 meters, January 24, 1918,
by Francis W Gray Herbarium
York Botanical Garden
'ne levidaaathoides is related to S. affrestis Leonard, from
Panama and Nicaragua. be
rated by narrower
its and less glandular bracts and by the narrow
posterior segment of the calyx. In jS. agrestis the bracts are as much
as 5 mm. wide and the posterior segment of the calyx 1 mm. wide.
resemblance)
mem
bers
2. ELYTRARIA Michx.
Elytraria Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 8. 1803. derived

from iXvrpov, slieath, in reference to the firm coriceous hracts covering the
scapes and subtendincr the flowers. About a dozen species have been de-
Wester
occur iu the tropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere, Type sp<
Elytraria virgata Michx, Type locality: Carolina.
Caulescent or acaulescent herbs leaves alternate or sometimes

;
jDosite. basal or crowded at the ends of the branches flowers 1: :
im
bricate coriaceous , the segments
limb
2-lipped, the lower lip 3-lobed stamens; 2, barely exserted anthers 2- ;
celled, the sacs equal, parallel, sometimes awn-tipped at base; stami-

nodes usually wanting; ovary 2-celled; ovules 6 to 10 in each cavity;
capsules narrow, contracted at base, acute at apex.
1, Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers. Figure
Justicia iynhricata Vahl, Eeoh Amer. 1: 1. 1796. CoUector and locality not
given. The specific name alludes to the braeted scapes and spikes.
Vcrhena squamosa Jacq. PL Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 3, pi 5. 1797. Type locaUty
unknown braeted scapes
spikes.
Elytraria tridentata Vahl, Enum. PI. 1; 107. 1804. Based on Justicia imbricata
Vahl. Marcgrav^s collection from Brazil and Rohr's from Santa Marta,
Colombia, are cited. The specific name refers to the pointed 2-winged bracts
of the spikes.
Elytraria imbricata Pers. Syn. 1: 23. 1805. Based on Justicia imlricata Vahl.
Elytraria frondosa H. B. K. Nov, Gen. & Sp. 2: 234. 1817. Two cotypes, both
collected in Colombia by Humboldt and Bonpland, are cited, one from
Carthagena de Yundias and the other growing in shade near Turbaco, A
photograph of one of these specimens deposited in the Paris Herbarium i8
In the U. S. National Herbarium (No. 39434).
Elytraria scorpioides Roem. & Schult, Syst. Veg. Mant. 1 128. 1822. Type col-
:
lected in Santa Marta by Bertero. The specific epithet {aKop-rrlos, scorpion,
'm
elSos, like) alludes to the fancied resemblance to a scorpion's tail of

the slender, often curved spikes terminating their slender scapes.
Elytraria apargiifolia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 65, 1847. Two syntypes are
cited, one collected on the border of Colombia and Panama by Cuming, the
other along the La Plata River by Tweedie.
Elytraria squamosa Lindau, Anal. Inst. Fisco-Geogr. Costa Rica 8: 290.
1895. Based on Verbena squamosa Jacq.
ded at the tlD of

glabrous or sparingly pilosnlous stem up to 30 cm. long or more;
leaf blades ovate to oblong or obovate, rarely linear-lanceolate, usually
3 to 12 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, blunt or acutisli at apex, narrowed
at base to a slender winged petiole, both surfaces appressed-pilose
or glabrate, the margins undulate; scapes numerous, axillary, usually
5 to 24 cm. long, simple or branched, sometimes leafy at tip, covered
by tightly appressed-ovate to subulate bracts; spikes 1 to several,
up to 6 cm. long; bracts oblong to elliptic, 3 to 6 mm. long, 1 to 2
mm. wide, firm, awn-tipped and bearing near the apex a pair of
triangular or rhombic hyaline teeth or wings; bractlets subulate, 3
mm long, the costa ciliate; calyx segments thin, the posterior one bi-
clentate; corolla pale purplish, violet, blue, or blue-purple, 5 to 8 mm.
long; capsule slenderly conic, about 3 mm. long, 1 mm. in diameter,
glabrous.
(
Killip
<&
cia-Barnga 2318; Bro. Paul B-7; Bro. Ellas 915).
Elytraria imhncata is extremely variable in its habit of growth,
ranging from small plantainlike herbs a few centimeters high to
ijneous stemmed plants 25 cm. hicfh or more. xiUen's 830
was taken from a "semiherb 6 ft. long," bearing bright-green leaves
and blue-purple flowers.
In Central America the plant is used as a remedy for dysentery,
and the crushed leaves are said to cure pimples. In Colombia it has
been used as a remedy to reduce fever {Dug and <& Garcia-BarHga
2318).
Usually found in old fields, on grassy banks, brushy slopes, in
thickets, or in other waste places. It is a plant of low altitudes
usually found below 300 meters, Range Arizona and Texas to north-
:
ern and western South America. It is also found in the West Indies
and has been introduced into India and the Philippine Islands.
Atlaxtico: Barranquilla, Bro. EUas 160 (US). Juan Mina, Dugand 3G39
(US). Mare Caribe near Salgar, Duijand Jnramillo 2725 (US). Near Mira-
tC-
Puerto Colombia, Dugand 3G23 (US). Puerto Colombia, Bro. EUas 915
(US). Between Sabanalarga and Campeche, Dugand d JaramiUo 2767 (US).
Near Salgar, Pennell 12060 (GH, Ph). Sonto Tonifls, Bro. Paul (US). Bl
Isabel L6p
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 9
Figure l.—Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers. {Haughi 3865); a, Planti b, side view of bract;
c, bractlet; d, ventral view of bract; e, one of a lateral pair of calyx segments;/, posterior
calyx segment; anterior calyx segment; A, capsule, {a. Half natural size; b~h^ about
g,
five times natural size,)

.
BoiJvab: Cartagena, Billlerg, s. n. (S) Bro. Hcriberto 136 (US) 312 (US).
; ;
La Popa, near Cartagena, DarUn s. n. (S). San Ldzaro, Billherg 113 (S). Vi-
cinity of Tiirbaco, KilUp & Smith 14180 (US, NY), 1428S (US, NY).
Magdalena; Bonda, H. H. Smith 1412 (US, NY, Ph, Mo, GH). About 15 km.
northwest of Codazzi, Haught 3S()5 (US). Poponte in the Magdalena Valley,
Cyril Allen 839 (Mo). Santa Marta, Bertero s. n. (Mo. isotype of E. scorpoides;
US, photograph )
3. NELSONIA R. Br.
Nelsonia R. Br. Prodr. 480. 1810. The genus, named for David Nelson, a
gardener accompanying Cook on his last voyage, consists of a single species.
Type species: Justicia hrwielloides Lam. Type locality: Java.
A diffuse softly villous herb ; leaves entire ; flowers borne in terminal

and axillary, bracted spikes
calyx 4-lobed, the lower lobe 2-toothed
;
or 2-cleft; corolla blue or purple, the tube slender, the limb 2-lipped,
the upper lip 2-cleft, the lower one 3-lobed ; stamens 2, the filaments
short, the anther sacs mucronulate at base; ovules several in each cav-
ity; stigma 2-lobed; capsule oblong, beaked.
1. Nelsonia brunelloides (Lam.) Kuntze Figure 3
Jwsftcia &r«ne!IZoides Lam. Tab. Encycl. 1:40. 1791. Type local ty Java. i :
Nelsonia albicans H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 234. 1817. Type collected in a
damp place at mouth of the Rio Simi near El Zapote, Colombia.
Nelsonia brunelloides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pi. 2: 493. 1891. Based on Justicia
'brunelloides Lam.
St
7 cm. long, rounded
base or short-decurrent on the petiole; petioles 2 to 20 mm. long;
spikes dense, peduncled or sessile, 2 to 6 cm. long; bracts ovate, acute
or acuminate, imbricate, about 6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; calyx
about 5 mm. long, the upper lobe ovate, the others lanceolate; corolla
tube 4 to 5 mm. long, the limb about 2 mm. broad; capsule sessile,
glabrous, 4 mm.
long, 4-seedcd; seeds globose, light brown, subver-
rucose, sparingly pilosulous, the hairs anchoraeform.
Partial to moist sandy places. Mexico, Central America, West
Indies, northern South America, Old World Tropics.
AtlAntico: Barranquilla, Bro. EUas 47S (US).
Subfamily 2. MENDONCIOIDEAE
Mendoncioideae Lindau in Engl. & PrantI, Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b: 289. 1895.
Mostly high climbing vines leaves opposite, petioled, the blades

;
usually ovate, entire, their uppt^r surfaces sometimes scabrous because

of the raised stellate bases of the hairs flowers 1 to several, axillary,
;
pediceled (peduncles rarely present), racemose in onochlamy s sub- M ,
tended and partly enclosed by two usually rather large more or less
(Leonard: thei acanthaceae of Colombia^ i 11
connate bracts; calyx reduced usually to a mere entire or low-lobed

annulus; corollas purple, red, or wliitishj tubular or narrowly cam-
panulate, regularly 5-lobed or somewhat 2-lipped; stamens 4; stami-
nodes none; anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel, the basal lobes blunt,
more or less barbellate; pollen globular, smooth, bearing three equa-
torial pores; disc annular; ovary at first bilocular, later becoming
unilocular, the ovules 1 or 2 ; style filiform, the stigma briefly 2-lobed,
the anterior lobe often the larger fruit drupaceous, ovoid-compressed,
;
more or less oblique at apex, the mesoearp more or less fleshy, the
endocarp bony retinacula none.
;
Figure Z.^Nelsonia hrunelloides (Lam.) Kuntze {Bro, Elias 473): a, Branch; h, bract;
Cy anterior calyx lobe; d, posterior calyx lobe; e, one of a lateral pair of calyx lobes;/, valve
of capsule showing placenta; g, an anchoraeform hair from seed, (a, Natural size; b-f^
about 2J4 times natural size; g, about 25 times natural size.)
This subfamily consists of four genera, Mendoncia^ confined to

tropical America, and three small African genera, MonochlamySy
Afromendoncia^ and Gilletiella.
4, MENDONCIA VeH.
Mendonoia VeU. ex Vand. pL 5, fig. tZ, 1788. The genus was
Fl. Lusit. Bras. 43,
named for Cardinal Mendonga, Patriarch of Lisbon. More than 90 species
have been described, the majority of these limited to tropical America^ No
specific combination was made either by Vandelli in his Florae Lusitanicae
892687—51 2
L-
or by Ruiz and Pavon Prodronms, nor can the plants figured in each
in thoir
publication be assigned with certainty to any known species. The first
species to be definitely established were those of Ruiz and Pavon (Syst.
Veg, Peruv. CbiL 158, 1798), namely, Mendozia aspera and AL racemosa, the
latter a very doubtful species. These were transferred in 1847 to Mc7idoncia
(correctly spelled) by Nees (in DO. Prodr. 11). Previous to Noes' work in
the Prodromus only two valid specific combinations had been made, namely,
Mendoneia alhida and M, coccinea, both published by Vellozo in his Florae
Fluminensis (263. 1825). Type species: Alcndoîa aspera Ruiz & Pav. Type
locality: Peru.
Mcndozia Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prod. 89. pt 17, 1794. The name Mcndozia
is merely an alteration of Mendoneia on the part of Ruiz and Pavon, It has
not appeared in botanical literature since last used by Nees in Martins'
Flora Erasiliensis (1874). Type species: Mendozia aspera Ruiz & Pav.
Type locality Peru.
:
Engelia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 721. 1847. Named for Engelio, a director of the
Berlin Theater. Two species are described, both from Colonia Tovar,
Venezuela (not Colombia), by Nees. These are E. tovarensis and E, villosa.
Photographs of the types of both species are in the U. S. National Herbarium,
A careful examination of these photographs leads one to no other course
than to regard these plants as true Mendoneia in spite of the statement in
Nees' generic description that the corollas possess short spurs, a split limb,
and a staminodo. Corollas are not shown in either photograph nor are
mature corollas present on Mntis 895, undoubtedly representing Engelia
mllosa. More ample material is needed to clear up this troublesome point.
Type species Engelia tovarenns Kl. & Karst. ex Nees, Type locality Colonia
: :
Tovar, Venezuela.
Tall vines; stems herbaceous, or shrubby at base; leaves opposite,

petioled, entire, pinnately veined; flowers axillary, 1 to several or
occasionally many in each axil, each flower borne on a slender pedicel
and subtended by 2 more or less connate;
bracts, these flat or keeled,
calyx short, annular or cupular, often membranous, usually glabrous;
corolla tubular or f nnnelf orm, usually expanded at the base, the throat
often oblique^ the lobes rcflexed or spreading; stamens 4, included,
didynamous, the filaments short, the anthers linear-lanceolate, usually
flat and acute at apex, lobcd at base, the lobes more or less unequal,
glandular-puberulent at tip; disk annular; ovary oblique, compressed,

lenticular; style filiform, the stigma 2-lobed; fruit an ovoid, com-
pressed drupe, often oblique at tip, the endocarp hard and bony, the
mesocarp fleshy or pulpy seeds 1 or 2.
;
KEY TO THE SPECIES

A. Bracts lanceolate, often subfalcate; corollas red.
Pedicels and bracts densely and softly fulvous-pubescent, the hairs
appressed or ascending 1. M. aspera
Pedicels and bracts pilose, the hairs spreading.
Leaf blades thin, never softly or velvety pilose beneath bracts
;
narrowly lanceolate, 7 mm. wide or less 2. M, pilosa

Leaf blades firm, usually densely and velvety pilose beneath;
bracts oblong-lanceolate, about 10 mm, v^îde 3. M, lindavii
;
Leonard: the^ acanthaceae of Colombia, i 13
A. Bracts oblong, ovate, or elliptic.

Flower clusters more or less peduncled 4. M. pedunculata
Flower clusters sessile bracts usually ovate or
;
elliptic.
B, Stems pilose, the hairs spreading or retrorse.

Bracts 3 to 5 em. long.
Leaves cordate 5- ^^ cordata
Leaves rounded, obtuse or acute at base.
Bracts cordate at base, 4.5 cm. long 6. M, tnirabilis
Bracts rounded at base, 3.5 cm. long or less.

Ovary densely pubescent; corolla funnelform 7. If. speciosa
Ovary minutely papillose; corolla cylindric 8. M, spraguei
Bracts 2.8 cm. long or less.
Hairs of the bracts mostly 3 to 5 mm. long 9. M. hirsuta
Hairs of the bracts 1 mm. long or less.

Pedicels densely hirsute 10. M, villosa
Pedicels sparingly to moderately hirsute but not conspicu-

ously so 11- ^' pWberula
B. Stems glabrous to densely pubescent, the hairs, when present

upwardly appressed.
O- Bracts glabrous or essentially so.
Pedicels 4 cm. long or more; flowers usually solitary 12. M, sprucei
Pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm. long flowers 4 to 9 in each axil.
;
Corolla glandular puberulous within tube and basal por-

tions of the lobes; leaf blades glabrous or the costa
beset with inconspicuous hairs about 125fx long^ 13. M. glabresccns
Corolla glabrous or nearly so the costa of the leaf blades
;
bearing hairs about 250fi long 14. iL penneUii

0. Bracts definitely pubescent
D. Pubescence of the bracts dense, soft, silky.
Bracts small, 12 mm. long or less, the pubescence whitish
flowers numerous 15- M, glomerata
Bracts large, 2 to 3 cm. long, the pubescence fulvous;
flowers 1 to several.
Bracts elliptic, 2 cm. wide 17a. M. coccinea var. elliptica
Bracts lanceolate-ovate, oblong-elliptic, or oblong-ovate,

IJ cm, wide or less.
Bracts truncate at base, 1.7 cm. wide.
17b. M. coccinea var. sparattena
Bracts rounded or subtruncate at base, 1 to 1.5 cm.
wide.
Leaf blades acute or gradunlly acuminate 16. M. rosea
Leaf blades rounded or short-acuminate at apex_ 17. M. coccinea

D. Pubescence of the bracts thin, not soft and silky.
E, Bracts 1.5 to 2 cm. long.
Stems densely appressed-hirsute leaf blades firm, the
;
costa, veins, and veinlets prominent.

Leaf blades ovate to elliptic, the hairs of the lower
surface confined chiefly to costa and veins 18. M. litoralis
Leaf
face evenly pubescent 19. M. gracilis
Stems glabrous or sparingly to moderately pilose or

hirtellous; leaf blades thin, the costa, veins, and
veinlets not conspicuously prominent
.
Flowers solitary ; hairs of the bracts at least 1.5 mm.

long, some of them more or less ascending;
corolla cream 20. if. gilva
Flowers usually several each axil; haJrs of the
in
bracts 0.5 mm, lonj,^ or less, closely appresscd;
corolla cream with brownish markings 21. M, odorata
E. Bracts 13 mm. long or less.
Leaf blades rather copiously hirtellous beneath 22. M. mutisii
Leaf blades essentially glabrous beneatli.
Bracts 8 to 10 mm. long; plants drying olive green.
23. M. cuatrccasasii
Bracts 5 to 6 mm. long plants drying black— 24.
;
if, microchlamys
1. Mendoncia aspera (Ruiz& Pav,) Nees

Me7idozia aspera Ruiz &
Pav. Syst. Veg. Peruv. Chil. 158. 170S, Type col-
lected in wooded region near the village of Chinchao and the Masapata
Estate, Peru, by Ruiz & Pa\'6n. The specific name alludes to the rough-
ened upper surface of the mature leaf blades.
Mendoncia aspera Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 51. 1847, Eased on Mendo:îa aspera
Ruiz & Pav.
St
mm
becom
ing scabrous ^vith age^ the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, each one arising
from a stellate base, the lower surface rather densely and softly
mm
to 3 in each axil ;
pedicels 2 to 6 cm. long, appressed-pubescent ; bracts
oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, 1.2 to 1.5 cm.
wide, often subfalcate, acute at apex, tipped by a short mucro, rounded
at base^ densely and softly sericeous, the hairs yellowish brown, closely
cm
mm
pie, cm. long, 10
1.5 mm. broad, somewhat compressed, sparingly
puberulous.
Woods and thickets,
kets, usually below 400 meters, Colombia, Peru, Bra-
zil, and Surinam.
PuTXJMAYo Umbria, King 1760 ( GH, Mo, NY,
: US )
2, Mendoncia pilosa (Mart.) Nees

Mendozia pilosa Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 21. pi, 209. 1S20, Type collected by
Martius. Type locality: "In sylvis aboriginibus fluvium Japura inum-
brantibus, e, g. prope Manaciiru Indorum Juri habitationes, et prope Porto
dos Miranhas," Colombia. Photograph of type material (Munich Herbar-
ium) in the U. S. National Iltirbarium, No. 20540. The specific name was
suggested by the numerous long spreading hairs covering the stems, leaves,
peduncles, and bracts,
Mendoncia pilosa Nees in DO, Prodr. 11: 50- 1847. Based on Mendozia pilosa
Mart
.
Small suffrutescent vine; stems terete, densely pilose, the hairs

brownish, spreading, up to 5 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong, up
to 12 cm, long and 6.5 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate, often mucronate,
the mucro up to 5 mm. long, rounded, obtuse or acutish at base, entire
or shallowly sinuate-dentate, thin, ciliate, pilose on both surfaces, the
hairs arising from star-shaped bases, the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6
pairs) fairly prominent; petioles up to 2 cm. long, densely pilose, the
hairs brown, spreading; flowers solitary or in pairs, borne in the axils
of the upper leaves pedicels up to 4,5 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. broad at tip,
;
tapering towards a slender base, densely brown pilose bracts narrowly

;
lanceolate, 3 to 4 cm, long, up to 7 mm. wide, acute and often slenderly

mucronate at apex, rounded at base, more or less subfalcate, densely
brown pilose without, glabrous within; corolla bright red, glabrous,
4 to 5 cm. long, the tube slender, 5 to 6 mm. broad at throat, the lobes
erect-spreading, obovate, about 6 mm. long and 3 to 4 mm. wide,
rounded or shallowly emarginate; style and calyx glabrous; fruit
(immature) finely pilosulous.
Cuatrecasas' specimen was taken April 4, 1940, from a flowering
plant growing in forests between 1,000 and 1,300 meters altitude. The
corolla was a livid red (rojo cardena)
Forests of southern Colombia and northwestern Brazil.
Caqueta: Sucre, Cuatrecasas 9064 (US).
3. Mendoncia lindavii Rusby
Mendoncia lindavii liusby, Mem. Torrey Club 4: 241. 1895. Type collected
at Yungas, Bolivia, 1890, by Miguel Bang, No. 532. Isotype in the U, S.
National Herbarium, No. 942655. Paratypes are also in the U. S, National
Herbarium, Nos. 58334 and 942656, both collected at Tipuani-Guanai, Bo-
livia, by Miguel Bang, No. 1707. The species was named for Gustav Lindau,
a specialist on the family Acanthaceae.
A suffrutescent vine; branches ferruginous-pilose or glabrcscent;

leaf blades ovate to broadly oval, 5 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 5.5 cm. wide,
acuminate at apex, and usually terminating in a small awnlike tip up
to 5 mm. longj rounded at the base, firm, subcoriaceous, ciliate, the
upper surface papillose, scabrous-pilose, the hairs appressed or ascend-
ing, arising from stellate bases, the lower surface ferruginous-pilose,
often densely so and velvety to the touch pedicels stout, 2 to 3 cm. long,
;
ferruginous-pilose; bracts oblong-lanceolate, falcate or subfalcate, 3

to 4 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, usually ending in an
awnlike tip 2 to 3 cm. long, rounded at base, partly connate, densely
ferruginous-pilose; corolla red or pink, paler within and proximally
without, 4 to 5 cm. long, 6 to 7 mm. broad at throat, the lobes rounded,
4 to 5 mm. long; style 4 cm. long, glabrous above, the lower portion
hisiîd; drupe oblong-ovate, about 2 cm. long and 1 cm. broad, oblique
at apex and tipped by a portion of the persistent style, densely brown
puberulous.
Usually found in damp situations along streams in thickets and

forests of the lowermountain slopes from 100 to 1,400 meters altitude.
The corollas are red or bright, scarlet and the ripe drupes purple black
{Pervnell 1397), Bolivia, north to British Honduras and Guatemala.
BoYAcA: Region of Mount C'hapon, northwest of iJogota, Lawrmice 69 (Mo,

NY, US).
CuNDiNAMAitcA Along the road to Pacho on the Itio Murca, vicinity of La
;
Talmfi, Oarcia-Barriga 12394 (US).

Meta: Llanos de San Martin, near Villavicencio, Daive 229 (US). Menegua,
Oarcia-Barriga 5304 (US). Along the Rio Ocoa, southeast of Villavicencio,
Killip 34377 (US). Villavicencio, Helen Svhicfer 790 (GH, NT) Pennell 1397 ;
(NY), 1475 (NY).

Santakder: Between the Rio Carare and Magdalena, in the vicinity of Tuerto
Berrio, Haught 1821 (US). '^Kilometer 16" between Puerto Wilches and Puerto
Santos, Killip & Smith 14895 (US).
Without definite locality: Mutis 894 (US) 924 (US). ;
4. Mendoncia pedunculata Leonard

Mendoncia pedunculata Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 21: 150,
1931. Type collected in forest at Mishuâcu, near Iquitos, Peru, 100 meters
altitude, December 13, 1929, by G. Klug, No. 659 (U. S. National Herbarium,
No. 1455658).
Stem terete, sulcate, sparingly puberulent toward tip, the hairs

appressed; leaf blades elliptic, 10 to 16 cm. long, 6 to 10 cm. wide,
abruptly acuminate at apex and tipped by a mucro 1 to 2 mm. long,
obtuse at base and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous; petioles 2 to 3
cm. long, glabrous ; flowers 1 to 4, borne on axillary peduncles up to
2.5 cm. long, these and the pedicels (5 to 7 mm. long) minutely
appressed-pubescent bracts violet (Klug), oblong, 4 cm. long, 1.4 to
;
1.8 cm. wide, rounded at both ends, tipped by a short mucro, incon-
spicuously and minutely appressed-pubescent without, glabrous
within; corolla white, marked by reddish browm within, glabrous, 5 to
6 cm. long, the tube curved, 2,5 cm. long, the throat 1 cm. broad, the
limb 3 cm. wide, the lobes oval, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; style about 5 cm. long;
ovary sparingly puberulous fruit not seen. ;
The specimens cited wêre collected during January and February.

Forests of the lowêr mountain slopes from 100 to 325 meters. Peru
and southern Colombia.
PuTUMAYo: Umbria, Klug 1918 (Mo, NY, US),
VAUPIts : Miraflores, Qutierrez d Schultes 789 (Ch, GH).
5. Mendoncia cordata Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 4

SufFrutex volubilis, caulibus quadrangularibus, dense pilosis, pilis
patentibusj brunneis; lamina foliorum magna, membranacea, crasse
reticulata, elliptico-ovata^ abrupte acuminata, caudata, basi cordata,
dense pilosa, pilis brunneis ;
petioli dense pilosi ; flores axillares f as-
ciculati; pedicelli tenues, pilosi; bracteae magnae, ovato-ellipticae,
— ;
(LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 17
apice rotudatae vel obtusae, caudatae, dense pilosae; drupa oblonga.

compressa
stem subqu
Suifruti ;ose; gulaPj densely pilose, tlie hairs
brown, 4 to 8 mm
12 to 20 cm. long, 8 to 14 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, the tips of
the upper leaves terminating in cauda up to 14 mm, long, the bases
of all of the leaves strongly cordate, both surfaces densely brown-
pilose, the hairs ascending, 1.5 mm. long, the lower surface minutely
punctate, the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) obscure above and
Drominent beneath, the veinlets of the lower leaves forming coarse
Figure 4, Mendoncia cordata Leonard {Cuairecasas 15216): a. Portion of plant showing

leaf and inflorescence; b, drupe (Immature), (a, Half natural size; h, natural size.)
conspicuous reticulations on the lower surface; petioles 2 to 3 cm.

long, densely pilose, the hairs similar to those of the stem in color
and length; flowers axillary, 1 to several in each axil; pedicels about
3.5 cm, long, slender, 0.75 mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to
1.5 mm. at tip, densely pilose, the hairs spreading, similar in color
and length to those of the stems bracts ovate-elliptic, 3,5 cm. long,
;
9, H pm wirlp. ronn^pd or obtnsft at anex and tiDDed bv a Cauda 5 to 6

mm
18 CONTRIBUllONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
spreading or ascending, those on the inner surface 0,25 mm. long,

those of the outer surface a mixture of small hairs 0,25 to 1.6 mm.
long and coarser ones up to 5 mm. long, the latter more abundant on
the costa, tip, and mucro, the costa prominent and the veinlets reticu-
late; corolla not seen; calyz annular, subhyaline, 1,5 mm. high,
equalling the disc; drupe (immature) oblong, flattened, 2 cm. long,
1 cm. wide, 3 mm. thick, pilose, the hairs spreading, 1 mm. long, con-
fined chiefly to the margins.
Type in the XJ. S. National Herbarium, No. 1853784, collected in
forest at La Planta on the right bank of the Eio Anchicaya, Depart-
ment of El Valle, Colombia, altitude 200 to 350 meters, September 27,
1943, by J. Cuatrecasas (No, 15216). An isotype is also in the U. S.
National Herbarium, No. 1853785.
Mendoncia cordata is related to 3/. speciosa^ but it is easily recog-
nized by its cordate leaf blades and long, brown, spreading hairs on
stems, pedicels, leaves, and bracts. The flowers of the upper portions
of the plant seem to be erect, but older ones of the basal parts droop
on recurved pedicels, Cuatrecasas gives the following color notes:
"Ramos hojosas verde amarillentas, palidas en el enves. Bnicteas verde
amarillento claro con venas verdes."
6. Mendoncia mirabilis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 5
Planta volubilis, caulibus quadrangularibus, leviter sulcatis, hirsu-

tis, pilis patentibus vel leviter retrorsis, palide brunneis; lamina folio-
rum membranacea, oblongo-ovata vel elliptica, apice breviter acumi-
nata vel subapiculata, basi rotundata vel obtusa, in petiolum decurrens,
parce hisuta, supra pilis e basi stellata orientibus instructa flores ;
solitarii, axillares; pedicelli pilosi; bracteae membranaceae, oblongo-

ovatae, apice rotundatae, mucronatae, basi cordatae, hirsutae; corolla
alba, glabra, lobis rotundatis ; ovarium glabrum.
Slender twiner up to 5 meters high; stems subquadrangular,
shallowly sulcate, hirsute, the hairs straight, spreading or slightly
retrorse, up to 1.25 mm. long, light brown; leaf blades oblong-ovate
to elliptic, 6 to 10 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate and
subapiculate at tip, rounded to obtuse at base and decurrent on the
petiole, thin, both surfaces sparingly hirsute, the hairs ascending, up
to 1 mm. long, those of the upper surface arising from flat rounded
more or star-shaped bases, the costa and lateral veins (3 or 4
less
pairs) barely conspicuous; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, pilose, the
hairs ascending, up to 1 mm. long, confined mostly to the channels;
flowers solitary, borne in the axils of the leaves, the peduncles 3 to
3.5 cm. long, 1 mm. thick at base, gradually enlarged to 2.5 mm. at
—
Leonard; the= acanthaceae of Colombia^ i 19
tip, retrorsely pilose, the hairs up to 1 mm. long, the bracts oblong-
ovate, subpanduriform, rounded and mucronate at tip, cordate at
base, 4.5 to 5 cm. long, 23 to 25 mm. wide near base, 20 to 23 mm. wide
near middle, thin, hirsute, the hairs spreading or ascending, brownish,
up to 1 mm. long, the costa and veins obscure corolla 6 cm. long, white,
;
bearing a dark blotch at throat (Haught), glabrous, the tube sub-

cylindric, 1 cm, broad at base, about 8 mm. broad at middle, 12 mm.
mm
broad, oblique, the lobes rounded.
about 13 mm. long and wide; calyx thin, cupular, subhyaline; ovary
glabrous; capsule not seen*
Figure 5. Mendoncia mirahilts Leonard {Haught 4922); Portion of plant showing leaves
and inflorescence (half natural size).
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950200, collected at

edge of forest near Nicocli, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, alti-
tude 50 meters, June 27, 1946, by Oscar Haught (No. 4922). An
isotype is likewise in the U* S. National Herbarium, No. 1950201.
Mendoncia mirabilis is related to M. speciosa but differs in having
smaller leaf blades and cordate subpanduriform bracts. The leaf
blades of M. speciosa are usually 10 to 17 cm. long instead of 6 to 10 cm,
as in M. mirahilis^ and its bracts are ovate, rounded, and connate at
base.
7. Mendoncia speciosa Nees

^Mendoncia speciosa Nees DO. Prodr.
in 11; 54. 1847. Type locality:
Atanguos, Peru, CoUector unknown. Type in the Hooker Herbarium, Kew.
meters bigb or more ; stems quadrangul

17
;'
7 to 9 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate at apex and tipped by a mucro 1 to

2 mm. long, rounded at base, thin, veiny, scabrous above, sparingly
pubescent, the hairs stiff, curved, up to 1 mm. long, more numerous on
the upper surface than on the lower; petioles 1 to 1.3 cm. long; flowers
1 or 2 in each axil; pedicels 2 to 5 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly
hirsute; bracts thin, ovate, 3.5 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, connate
below, rounded and mucronate at tip, rounded at base, sparingly
pubescent; corolla white, glabrous, 5 to 6.5 cm. long, the throat mottled
with light purple, the tube funnelform, 8 mm. broad at base, 15 to 20
mm. broad at throat, the lobes about 1 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide,
rounded, shallowly emarginate at apex style 2.5 cm. long, the lower
;
portion puberulent; ovary densely pubescent; fruit not seen.

Haught describes his No. 4282 as "Slender twining plant, at least
:
5 m. high. Flowers showy, white, having a large dark brown blotch in

throat." It was growing along a stream in a forest at an altitude of
450 meters. According to II. II. Smith (No. 1137) the corolla was
white and its throat mottled with dark and light purple. Turrlll
cites aspecimen collected near Ocaiia, Department of Santander, by
Schlim (No. 19). The flowers of this specimen were likewise white
with a purple throat.
Wooded mountain slopes of Colombia and Peru.
GOAjiB.\14 km. southwest of Garraipia, Ilaught 4282 (US).
:
Magdalena: Valparaiso, vicinity of Santa Marta, n. H. Smith 1137 (Mo,

NY,Ph).
8. Mendoncia spraguei Turrill
Mcndoncia sprafjuei Tnrrill, Kew Bull. 1919: 412. 1919. Type collocted at
Mocoa, Caquetd, Colombia, by Sprague, No. 402, and deposited in the
herbarium of the Royal Botanic; Gardens, Kew.
Suffrutescent vine stems terete, hirsute, the luiirs spreading, yellow

;
leaf blades elliptic-ovate, up to 9 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, acuminate at

apex, rounded or acute at base, pilose, the hairs of the upper surface
arising from stellate bases; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm. long, hirsute, the
hairs spreading, yellow flowers 1 to 3, axillary ; pedicels 1.5 to 2.5 cm.
;
long, hirsute, the hairs yellow bracts oblong or oblong-ovate, up to 3.5

;
cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, abruptly contracted to a slender tip 5 mm. long
cm
mm. at m
and 7 mm. at throat, the limb sublabiate ; filaments short ; anthers 9 to
mmu
lose ; up to 4.5 cm. long.
style
Known only from type material.
CaquetA: Mocoa, Sprague 402 (isotype, US).
*KewBull. 1919: 411. 1919.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 21
9. Mendoncia hirsuta (Poepp.& Endl.) Nces

Mendozia hirsuta Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:10. 1845. Type collected
between Maynas and Turimaguas, Peru, by Poeppig, No. 2252. Photographs

of type material from the Berlin Herbarium (photo No. 5871) and from the
Vienna Herbarium (photo No. 32G94) are in the U. S. National Herbarium.
Mendoncia hirsuta Nees in DC. Prodr. 11:52. 1847. Based on Mendozia
hirsuta Poepp. & Endl.
Stem subqitadrangular, sparingly hirsute, the hairs 1 to 3 mm. long,
spreading leaf;blades ovate to oblong-ovate or elliptic or sometimes

sublanceolate, 6 to 14 cm. long, 3 to 7 cm. wide, gradually to abruptly
narrowed to an acuminate tip, this often terminated by a mucro 1 to 3
mm. lonir, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, membrana-

mm
pairs) prominent; petioles 1 to 3.5 cm. long, pilose; flowers solitary
or in pairs pedicels 2 to 3 cm. long, densely hirsute, the hairs spread-

;
mm. long; bracts oblong-elliptic to ovate, 2 to 2.8

ing, tawny, about 2
cm. long 8 to 12 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse at apex, mucronate
(mucro 1 p to 1 cm. long) , rounded at base, thin, veiny, long-hirsute,
the hairs 3 to 5 mm. long; corolla cream white, tinged with yellow
distally, about 2.5 cm. long; ovary and calyx glabrous; fruit oblong,
g, 9 to 10 mm
rounded at tip, glabrous, deep purple when ripe.
No Colombian specimens were examined. Turrill cites' a speci-
men
Colombia
10. Mendoncia villosa &
Karst. ex Nees) Leonanl, comb. nov.
(Klotzch
Engelia villom Klotzsch & Karst, ex Nees in DC. Prodr. 11 : 721. 1947. Type
collected at Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, by Karsten. Photograph of type
material from the Berlin Herbarium (photo No. 5883) is in the U. S.
National Herbarium.
Stem subquadrangular, hirsute, the hairs spreading or retrorse, up

mm
acuminate
mucro
at base, thin, hirsute above, the hairs arising from star-shaped bases,
mm
long, spreading; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, densely pilose; flowers
1 to several in each axil pedicels 1.5 cm. long, densely hirsute, the
;
mm
mucro
at apex, densely hirsute; corolla glabrous; calyx entire, glabrous;
ovary glabrous fruit not seen. ;
" Kew Bull. 1919 : 422. 1919.

.
This description was drawn from Mutis 895, collected in Colombia,

locality unknown. Although the specimen compares favorably with
the photograph of the type from the Berlin Herbarium, there remains
the possibility that the two plants may belong to different species.
More ample material and examination of an isotype may be necessary
f
Venezuela and Colombia
Without deiînite locality : Jfwfis 895 ( US )
11. Mendoncia puberula (Mart.) Nees

Mendozia puherula Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. 1829. Type locality: "In
Sylvis primaevis prope S. Crucis et alibi in montibus, Serra dos Orgaos,
dictis, Provincia Sebastianopolitunae, ac similibus locis prope urbem
Para."
Mendozia pubesccns Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 11. 1845, Type
collected in woods near Bga, northern Brazil, by Poeppig. A photograph
of type material (photo No. 32696) from the Vienna Herbarium is in the
U. S. National Herbarium. Poeppig and Endlicher cite Mendozia puberula
Mart. j3 micropus as a synonym.
Mendozia selloviana Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 10. 1847. Type collected in
Brazil by Sellow, No. 91 (Berlin Herbarium).
Mendoncia selloviana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 53. 1847. Based on Mendozia
selloviana Nees.
Mendoncia puierula Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 53. 1847. Based on Mendozia
puberula Mart.
Mendoncia splitgerheriana De Vriese in Ncderl. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 853. 1848.
Type collected near the Merveille Plantation, Surinam, by Splitgerber.
Suifrutescent vines; stems quadrangular, the young branches

densely hirsute, the older ones more or less hirsute to glabrate, the
tips cirrose; leaf blades elliptic-ovate, elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, up
to 11.5 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide but usually smaller, acuminate, more
or less rounded or short-attenuate at biise, the costa and lateral veins
(5 or 6 pairs) prominent, the upper leaf surface hirsute or glabrescent,
the hairs sometimes arisiiig from star-shaped bases, the lower surface,
at least the larger veins, hirsute; flowers 1 or 2, borne in the axils of
the leaves, the pedicels 1 to 3 cm. long, more or less hirsute, the hairs
spreading bracts oblong-elliptic, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 1 to 1.3 cm. wide,
;
the tip obtuse or rounded, mucronate, densely hirsute with spreading

hairs or sometimes hirtose-pubesccnt, the hairs about I'mra. long,
the inner surface ghd)rous; calyx annular, about 0.5 mm. long, glab-
rous; corolla 2.2 to 3.7 cm. long, glabrous; anthers 8 mm. long, fila-
ments (free portion) about 3 mm. long, glabrous; drupe lenticular,
compressed, ovate, cm. long and 1 cm. in diameter, glabrous.
l.G
No Colombian specimens were examined. The description was com-
piled from that of Turrill.*"' Martins states in his description of
Mendozia vuhcrula that tho oomllfi wa« wliitp witli Vdno nr tmit-t-iIa
• Kew Bull. 1919 : 420. 1919.

spotted markings on the limb. Turrill cites Kalbreyer's specimen

(No, 830) collected at Salazar, Santander, Colombia.
Forests of Surinam, Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador,
12,Mendoncia sprucei Lindau
Mendoncia sprucei Lindau, BuU. Herb. Boiss. 5: 647. 1897. Type coUected
along the Rio Negro near San Gabriel da Cachoeira, Brazil, by Spruce, No,
2332, Photographs of type material from the Vienna Herbarium (photo
No. 32679) and the Berlin Herbarium (photo No. 5877) are in the U. S,
National Herbarium*
Suffrutescent vine up to 7 meters liigb; stems slender, subterete,

sparingly hirsute or glabrous; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up
to 9 cm. long and 6 cm, wide, short acuminate at apex (the tip blunt
and bearing a slender mucro up to 2 mm. long), obtuse, rounded, or
narrowed at base, sparingly appressed-pilose or densely so on costa
^>
and veins (3 or 4 pairs) beneath; petioles up to 4 cm. long, sparingly
appressed-pilose; flowers usually solitary in the axils of the leaves;
pedicels slender,up to 4 cm. long or more, usually sparingly appressed-
pilose; bracts ovate, about 2 cm. long and 1 cm, wide, rounded to
acute at apex and apiculate, rounded at base, sparingly appressed-
hirtellous without, glabrous within; corolla cream-color with purple
streaks in throat, glabrous, 3 cm. long, about 8 mm, broad at throat;
fruit slightly flattened, about 2 cm. long and 10 mm. broad, purplish
black, glabrous.
Usually found in dense forests of the lower mountain slopes between
40 and 750 meters. Colombia, Peru, and Brazil.
Meta: ViUavicencio, Pennell 1384 (Col, Mo, NY, US).
NoKTE DK Santandeb El Indio, Rio Cubugon, rej;iou of Rio Sarare, Cuatrecasas
:
13109, in part (US).

Santander: ServitA, Triana^ s. n. (Col).
13. Mendoncia glabrescens Leonard, sp. nov. Figuee 6
Frutex volubilis, caulibus glabris, nodis parce adi3resso-puberulis;

lamina foliorum elliptica vel ovata vel oblonga vel obovata, apice
abrupte acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum oblique decurrens, sub-
chartacea, glabra vel costa parce puberula, pilis minutis; flores in
calcaribus axillaribus complanatis dipositi pedicelli parce adpresso-
;
puberuli bracteae ovatae, apice obtusae et mucronulatae, ad apicem

;
parce et obscure adpre&so-puberulae corolla alba, lobis suborbiculari-

;
bus, rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; drupa ovoidea, leviter com-

pressa, glabra, caerulea.
A large branched vine up to 9 meters high; stems pale green
(Cuatrecasas), glabrous except the nodes, these sparingly and incon-
spicuously appressed-puberulous; leaves elliptic, ovate, oblong or
obovate, up to 12 cm, long and 8 cm. wide, rather fleshy, abruptly and
17 2484
—
slenderly acuminate at tip, narrowed at base, sometimes obliquely so,

and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous, or the cost a bearing a few
minute whitish appressed hairs about 125/i, long, the upper surface
dull green, the lower a clear pale green (Cuatrecasas), the costa and
lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) rather prominent; petioles up to 2.5 cm.
long, glabrous or bearing a few scattered hairs similar to those on
the costa; flowers usually 5 to 7, borne on small flattened axillary
spurs, the pedicels about 1 cm. long, reaching 2 cm* at maturity, bear-
ing scattered appressed white hairs about 125/a long; bracts pale
yellowish green, ovate, up to 12 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, obtuse
and mucronate at tip, pubescent toward tip, the hairs 375 to 500/t
T* J
Figure 6. Mendoncia glabrescens Leonard {Cuatrecasas 17238): a, Portion of plant show-

ing inflorescence and a pair of leaves; h, bract (inner surface) and ovary; r, stamens;
d^ nodal portion of plant showing fruit and pedicel scars, {a^ Half natural size; b^ natural
size; f, three times natural size; t/, natural size.)
long, appressed or ascending; corolla white, glabrous, 12 to 15 mm.

long, the tube 2 mm, broad at base, slightly restricted above the base,
thence expanding to 5 or 6 mm, at mouth, the limb 12 to 15 mm. broad^
the lobes suborbicular, about 7 mm. in diameter, rounded or shallowly
emarginate, more or less erose, the tube glandular-papillose within;
stamens attached 4 mm. above the base of the tube, 5 mm. long, the
anthers 3 mm. long, sagittate, aristate, the slender tip often recurved,,
glandular-papillose dorsally, the tips of the basal lobes densely pilose;
style 13 mm. long, glabrous; fruit resembling an elongated olive
(Cuatrecasas), 18 mm. long, 13 mm. broad, 6 mm. thick, glabrous,
olive when immature (Cuatrecasas), dark blue when ripe (Archer).
JLEONARD: THE! ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ I 25
Type Herbarium, No. 1853701, collected at

in the U. S. National
Barco, along the Rio Cajambre, Department of El Valle, Colombia,
altitude 5 to 80 meters, April 21 to 30, 1944, by J, Cuatrecasas (No.
17238).
The following specimens are probably of this species : Cuatrecasas
15205 (fruiting), collected in forest near Hacienda La Planta, on the
right bank of the Rio Anchicaya, Department of El Valle, altitude 200
to 350 meters, September 27, 1943 Cuatrecasas 1G847 (flowering) col-
; ,
lected between La Trojita and Guadualito, Department of El VallCj

altitude to 5 meters, March 11, 1944; Archer 1708 (fruiting), col-
lected between La Oveja and Quibdo, Choco, April 1 to 2, 1931;
Cuatrecasas 17182 (fruiting) (NY), also collected at Barco, along
with the type*
Archer states that the common name of tlie plant is higo nlvestre
(fig of the woods) and the dark blue fruit has an odor like soap and
is said to be poisonous. The by its nitid
species can be recognized
apparently glabrous leaves (hence its name glabrescens) and by its
small white flowers, their tubes bearing within and near the throat
minute spherical-tipped papillae resembling adherent pollen grains.
Olive-green fruits measured by Cuatrecasas (No. 17182) before dry-
ing proved to be 18 mm. long, 16 mm. broad, and 12 mm. thick. The
leaves and inflorescence of the type are strongly reflexed.
14. Mendoncia pennellii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 7
Herba volubilis, caulibus quadrangularibus, breviter sulcatis, gla-

bris velad nodos parce adpresso-pubescentibus lamina foliorum ovata ;
vel oblonga, apice abrupte acuminata et mucronulata, basi angustata,

chartacea, glabra vel minute hirsuta, pilis in costa et venis lateralibus
pluribus; petioli glabri vel parce hirsuti; flores pauci, in calcaribus
axillaribus complanatis dispositi; pedicelli glabri vel apice adpresso-
hirsuti; bracteae suborbiculares, apice mucronulatae, parce hirsutae,
costa obscura; corolla alba, extus glabra, lobis obcordatis, reticulatis;
ovarium glabrum.
Herbaceous climbing vine; stems subquadrangular, obscurely sul-
cate, glabrous or sparingly pubescent at and near the nodes, the hairs
straight, closely appressed, about 625/x long; leaf blades ovate to ob-
long, up to 13 cm, long and 6.5 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate (the
tip itself abruptly mucronate), rounded to narrowed at base, firm,
glabrous or sparingly and minutely hirsute especially the younger
leaves, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins (3 or 4
pairs) white, appressed or ascending, about 250 /a long, the costa and
,
veins fairly prominent, the upper surface of the older leaves coarsely
reticulate ;
petioles up to 3 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute, the
.
hairs similar to tliose of the leaf blades; flowers usually several, borne
on flattened suborbicular axillary spurs, the pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
bearing
mm
mucronulate
mm
glabrous (except a small area near the insertion of the stamens, this
glandular-papillose) about 1 cm, long, the tube 4 mm. broad at base,
,
narrowed at 1.5 mm. above base to 3 mm., expanded at mouth to 4 mm.,

the lobes obcordate, about 7 mm. long and 6 mm. wide toward tip, en-
tire, reticulate-veined ; stamens attached 3 mm. above the base of the
corolla tube, the filaments 2 mm. long, the anthers sagittate, 2.5 mm.
long, the basal lobes bearded ; ovary glabrous ; fruit not seen.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in forest at Santurario,
De-
partment of Caldas, Colombia, altitude 2,000 to 2,300 meters, Sep-
tember 13 or 14, 1922, by Francis W. Pennell (No. 10601). An iso-
type is in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.
Other collections are Killip 11175, in woodland below La Cumbre,
:
El Valle, altitude 1,400 to 1,700 meters, September 11 to 18, 1922 (GH,

US) Lawrance
; 761, collected at El Humbo, Boyaca (Mo)
Figure 7.—Mendoncia pennellii Leonard {Pennell 10601): a, Nodal portion of plant show-
ing a pair of leaves, spurs, and two flowers; h, a corolla lobe; c, stamen, {a. Half natural
<
size; h, slightly larger than natural size; c, twice natural size.)
Mendoncia pennellii is closely related to M. glahrescens^ ditietii.^

chiefly in its almost glabrous corolla, the lobes being obcordate and
entire instead of suborbicular and erose a^lii M. glahresceTis^ and by
the thicker less slenderly acuminate leaf blades, their surfaces, at least
those of the younsrer leaves, beinf? more hirsute.
SJ ^ -^
Ui
* I'
-i>^- .,-
î'
Leonard: the acanthaceae of Colombia^ i 27
15. Mendoncia glomerata Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 8
Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subteretibus, strigosis lamina f oliorum ;
acuminata, mucronata basi rotundata vel obtusa, in

um decurrens, membranacea, substrigosa, pilis adpressis vel
ascendentibus ;panci vel numerosi, axillares; pedicelli sericei,

flores
pilis adpressis vel ascendentibus; bracteae ovatae, apice rotundatae
molliter
puberul
limbo obliquo : calyx chartaceus, integer ; ovarium glabrum
Figure S.— Mendoncia glomerata Leonard {Klug 1710): a, Leaf; b, inflorescence; c, drupe;
d, flower, showing calyx, disc, and pistil lying on the inner surface of a bract; e, corolla;
/, stamen, {a-e, Natural size; /, twice natural size.)
Shrubby vine stem subterete, grooved, strigose leaf blades ovate,

; ;
up to 8 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, acuminate and tipped by a mucro 1 to
mm
petiole, drying dark brown, thin, veiny, sparingly strigose or glabrate,
the hairs confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins (4 pairs) ;
petioles
up to 2.5 cm. long, strigose flowers several;to numerous, forming com-

pact axillary clusters pedicels 1 cm. long or less, sericeous, the hairs
;
.ifjpressed or ascending bracts ovate,

; up to 12 mm. long and 8 mm.
wide, rounded or obtuse at apex, apiculate, rounded at base, densely
and softly sericeous, the hsTirs subappressed, whitish corolla white, 1 ;
to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous or subglabrous without, puberulous within,

892687—51 3
;
the limb oblique, basal lobes of the anthers terminating in pu-

tlie
bescent discs; calyx chartaceous, entire; style 1 cm. long; ovary

glabrous; fruit not seen.
Type U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1517993, collected in
in the
forest at Umbria, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia, altitude 325
meters, by G. Klug (No. 1710). Isotypes in the herbaria of the New
York Botanical Garden and the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Mendoncia glomerata is a very distinct species, easily recognized
by its relatively small and densely soft silky pubescent bracts and by
the dense clusters of numerous small white flowers. The specific name
glomerata alludes to the inflorescence.
16. Mendoncia rosea Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 9

Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus, adpresso-pubes-
centibus, pilis curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata,
apice acuminata, mucronata, basi rotundata vel obtusa, supra parce
hirtella, subtus molliter pubescens petioli dense hirtelli,
; pilis f ulvis
flores solitarii, axillares; pedicelli
dense adpresso-hirtelli ; bracteae
oblongo-ovatae, apice obtusae vel rotundatae, basi rotundatao vel sub-
truncatae, dense et molliter adpresso-hirtellae, pilis curvatis, f ulvis;
corolla glabra, lobis ovalibus, apice rotundatis; calyx subinteger;
ovarium dense pilosulum, pilis fulvls.
Suffrutescent vine stem subquadr angular, appressed-pubescent, the
;
hairs curved, about 1 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up

to 10 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, acute or gradually to somewhat abruptly
acuminate and tipped by a mucro 1.5 mm. long, rounded or obtuse
rather sparingly hirtellous above (hairs ascending curved,
mm
75 mm
and veins (4 pairs) ;
petioles 1 to 2 cm. long, densely hirtellous, the
hairs appressed or ascending, fulvous ; flowers solitary, axillary
;
pedi-
cm
bracts reddish pink, oblong-ovate, 2 cm. long, 1.3 cm. wide, obtuse or
rounded at apex and tipped by a mucro 1 mm. long, rounded or sub-
truncate at base, densely and softly appressed-hirtellous, the hairs
curved, fulvous ; corolla (immature) red?, glabrous, 2 cm. long, 7 mm.
mm
mm
mm
lobes bearing longitudinally a ventral band of small brownish
papil-
lose hairs; calyx subentire, brownish pilosulous except
the glabrous
margin
ihQ U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1351252, collected ir
Mesa de los Santos, Department of Santander, Colombia
-
1:
I
-, '
LEONARD: THEi ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, I 29
altitude 1,500 meters, December 11-15, by E. P. Killip & A. C.

1926,
Smith (No. 15368) . Isotype in the herbarium of the New York Bo-
tanical Garden.
Mendoncia rosea is closely related to M. coccinea Veil, but is dis-
tinguishable by its smaller densely fulvous pilosulous bracts (these
truncate or more broadly rounded at the base) and by its acute grad-
somewhat abruptly acuminate leaf blades name
o thfi reddish-Dink bracts.
Figure 9— Mendoncia rosea Leonard {Killip W Smith 15368) : a. Node, showing stem and
flower showing calyx, disc, and pistil on inner face of bract; d, stamen.
a leaf; h, bract; c,
{a, Half natural size; h and c, natural size; J, about twice natural size.)
17. Mendoncia coccinea VelL

Mendoncia coccinea Veil. Fl. Flum. 263. 1790; Fl. Flum. Ic. 6: pi, 86. 1827.
Type locality: "Silvis maritimis Pharmacopolitanis," Brazil.
Mendozia velloziana Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 22, p^. 210. 1829. Type col-
lected in Brazil by Venozo. Several paratypes are cited, all from Brazil.
Mendoncia vellozh 1847 Mendozia
velloziana Mart.
Stems fat least

densely and softly silky hirsute, the hairs tawny, appressed or ascend-
ing; leaf blades elliptic-ovate, 5 to 11 cm. long, 2 to 6 cm. wide, obtuse,
rounded acuminate, sometimes a small mucro

mm
mm
pressed or ascending, arising from star-shaped bases, more numerous
on costa and veins (4 pairs), beneath copiously and softly pubescent
mm
in each axil; pedicels 2 to 5 cm. long; bracts oblong-ovate to lance-
cm. loner, 1 to 1.5 cm

at base, purplish before drying, the hairs fulvous, closely appressed,
;
up to 1 mm.
long, the costa prominent; calyx 1 mm. long, undulate,
glabrous; corolla red, 3 cm. long, 5 mm. broad at throat, slightly
constricted below the middle, swollen at base, the lobes rounded, 2 to 3
mm. long, 2 mm. wide ; ovary hirtellous toward tip style glabrous ;
mpressed, keeled, glabrous at least when mature,

tipped by
(Yms Mexia 4508, Minas Gerais, Brazil) is dark
purple.
The Caqueta specimen cited here was taken from a plant growing
among rocks in a thicket at 400 meters, on March 29, 1940. The bracts
of the Triana specimen from Meta do not exceed 20 mm. in length or
mmin width. In contrast, those of the Triana specimen (without
M.
30 mm. long and 20 mm. wide. Thus these two Triana specimens
represent different entities.
Brazil and southern Colombia.
Forests.
Caqueta Florencia, Quebrada de las Perdices, Cuatrecasas 8859 (US).
:
Meta: Apiai, Llano de San Martin, Triana (Col).

17a. Mendoncia coccinea var. elliptica Turrill
Mendoncia coccinea var. elliptica Turrill, Kew Bull. 1919: 417. 1919. Type
collected In Colombia by J. Triana.
Bracts broadly elliptic, 2.5 to 3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. In other
respects similar to the typical form.
Forests of Colombia.
NoBTE DE Santander: El Rio Cubujfin, 420-480 m.
Indio, alt., region of EIo
Sarare, Cuatrecasas 13109, In part (US).
17b. Mendoncia coccinea var. sparatteria ( Mart. ) Turrill

Mendoaia velloziana Mart. var. sparatteria Mart, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 23.
1829. Type locality: Brazil. The word sparatteria is probably derived
from aivapiaau}, to tear asunder, but the allusion is obscure.
Mendoncia velloziana var. sparatteria Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 52 1847.
Based on Mendozia velloziana var. sparatteria Mart.
Mendoncia coccinea var. sparatteria Turrill, Kew Bull. 1919: 416. 1919.
Based on Mendozia velloziana var. sparatteria Mart.
Mendoncia fulva Lindau, Bull. Herb. Coiss. 5: 646. 1897. Type collected
between Panure and the Rio Uaup(5s, Brazil, by Spruce (No. 2G83). Type
In the Berlin Herbarium. A photograph (No. 58(i9) of this type
is in the
U. S. National Herbarium. An isotype is in the Gray Herbarium.
Leaf blades elliptic to ovate, obtuse to sharply acute or short-acumi-
nate bracts up to 3 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide, truncate at base densely
; ;
yellowish pubescent, the hairs subappressed, more or less curved, up

mmlong; fruit puberulous. Otherwise resembling the typical
form.
In Minas Gerais this plant is known as rais preta and
used as a
is
purgative for cattle {Mexia 4135). No Colombian specimens were
seen, but since Spruce 2683 was collected between Panure and the Rio
Uaupes, near the Colombia-Brazilian border, the variety has been
included in this treatment.
of Brazil and possibly Colombia
Leonard Figure 10
us subteretibus, sursum dense pilosis, deor

sum bglabresc pilis sursum incurvo-adpressis, brunneis
foliorum
sub
orientibus instructa, subtus hirsuta, pilis adpressis brunneis, costa et
venis aliquanto prominentibus petioli dense hirsuti, pilis adpressis yel

;
paulo patentibus ; flores solitarii, axillares ;

pedicelli dense hirsuti, pilis
patentibus vel retrorsis, brunneis ; bracteae ovatac, apice rotundatae et

apiculatae, basi rotundatae, intus glabrae, extus hirsutae, pilis patenti-
bus druDa orbiculata. elabra.
:
Figure \Ci—Mendoncia Leonard

litoralis {Cuatrecasas 17529): a, Node showing leaf; i,
inner surface of bract, and pistil; d, portion

node showing fruit; f, node showing pedicel,
showing hairs, (a-f. Half natural size; d, about
of the upper surface of a leaf blade
three times natural size.)
Vines; stems subterete, densely hirsute above to glabrate below,

the hairs straight, closely and upwardly appressed, yellowish brown,
about 1 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to elliptic, 6 to 10 cm. long, 3.5
cm. wide, abruptly acuminate

more
roughened by the small obscure stellate hair bases, the lower surface
;
32 CONTRIBUTIQNS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
appressed-hirsute, the hairs (4 or 5

pairs) about 1 mm. long, those of the interspaces about 0.5 mm. long,
their bases raised and but not so prominently as those of the
stellate
hairs of the tipper surface, all yellowish brown, the venation of both
surfaces rather prominent; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long, densely hirsute,
the hairs appressed or slightly spreading, about 1 mm. long flowers ;
usually solitary in the axils of the leaf blades pedicels about 1.5 cm.
;
long, densely pilose, the hairs spreading or retrorsely spreading, 1

to 1.5 mm. long, yellowish brown; bracts ovate, 15 to 17 mm. long
9 to 10 mm. wide, rounded and minutely apiculate at tip, rounded a
base, glabrous within, hirsute without, the hairs spreading, 1 to 1.!
mm. long, yellowish brown, arising from rounded scalelike bases
corollas not seen ovary glabrous style about 12 mm. long, glabrous
; ;
drupe orbicular, 1.8 cm. long, 1.4 cm. broad, 5 mm. thick, glabrous.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1853796, collected a
Silva, on the Rio Cajambre, near the Pacific coast. Department of E
Valle, Colombia, altitude 5 to 80 meters, May 5 to 15, 1944, by J
Cuatrecasas (No. 17529)
resembles M.
but it can be readily separated by the spreading pubescence
of
19. Mendoncia gracilis Turrill
Mendoncia gracilis Turrill, Kew Bull. 1919: 418, 1919. The type was col-
lected at Mesa Grande on the Rio Negro, Department of Cundinamarca,
Colombia, 1,200 to 1,300 meters, by Lehraann, No. 8792, and is deposited in
the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Stem subquadrangular, appressed-hirsute, the hairs tawny; leaf

blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6 to 14 cm. long, 3 to 7 cm. wide, acute
or acuminate at apex, obtuse or rounded at base, firm, rather sparingly
hirsute above (hairs arising from star-shaped bases), rather densely
pubescent beneath, the hairs tawny, curved, ascending, the costa, veins
(4 or 5 pairs) and veinlets prominent petioles 1 to 3 cm. long, hirsute,
,
;
the hairs appressed to ascending flowers 1 to several in each axil

;
pedicels 2 cm. long, densely hirsute, the hairs appressed to ascending;

bracts elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 1.5 cm. long, 0.8 to 1 cm. wide, obtuse
and apiculate at apex, rounded at base, rather sparingly appressed-
hirtellous; corolla white, proximally lined with reddish brown, 2.5
mm
long and wide, shallowly emarginate fruit elliptic-obovoid, slightly
;
compressed, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 1 to 1.2 cm. broad, glabrous.

Fields, pastures, and thickets on mountain slopes from 1,100 to 2,080
meters. Colombia.
*±^m ipj F «
LEONARD: THE ACAJSTTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 33
Antioquia: Jardin, southwest of Antioquia, Bro. Daniel 2974 (GH, US).

(US). Tamesis, vicinity of Medellln, Toro
La Suiza, near Titiribf, Archer 818
960 (NY).
CxJNDiNAMABCA : Above Sasaima, Estaclon Santana, Dugand d Jaramillo 3871
(US).
Cauca: Quindlo, Triana s. n. (Col.).
11584 (NY, US) Miraflores, Palmira,
El Valle Vicinity of La Cumbre, KiUip
:
.
Killip G147 (NY, US). Alto de Miravalle, vicinity of Leonera, Cuatrecmas

18314 (US).
Tolima: Road from Fresno to FalSn, Canon del Rio Guall, Qarcia-Barriga
8337 (US).
Leonard {Haught 1799): a. Node showing flower and pair of

Figure ll.—Mendoncia gilva
bract (inner surface), disc, and pistil. (All natural size.)
leaves; b, bract and pedicel; c,
20. Mendoncia gilva Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 11

Herba vel suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subteretibus tenuiter pilosis
vel ad nodos pilosis, pilis adpressis vel adscendentibus, f ulvis
lamina ;
foliorum oblonga-elliptica, subfalcata, apice acuminata, mucronata,

basi angustata, tenuis, parce strigosa vel in costa et venis lateralibus
dense strigosa; petioli pilosi flores solitarii bracteae ovatae vel ellip-
; ;
ticae, apice rotundatae vel obtusae, mucronatae, basi rotundatae,

pilosae, pilis f ulvis ; corolla gilva, lobis ovatis, emarginatis pistillum
;
glabrum.
Slender herbaceous or sufFrutescent vines ; stems subterete, moder-
ately pilose or densely so at nodes, the hairs appressed or ascending,
tlie
1 to 2 mm. long, fulvous leaf blades oblong-elliptic, slenderly acumin-

;
ate, the tip subfalcate and tipped by mucro about

a slender 3 mm. long,
narrowed at base, thin, rather sparingly strigose, the hairs more nu-
merous and more fulvous on costa and lateral veins (3 or 4 pairs) these ,
inconspicuous; petioles 2 to 3 cm. long, sparingly pilose, the hairs

ascending; flowers solitary; pedicels 2 to 3 cm, long, pilose, the hairs
ascending, about 1 mm. long, light fulvous bracts ovate to elliptic,
;
2 cm. long, 14 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse and mucronulate at apex,

rounded at base, moderately pilose, the hairs appressed to ascending,
1 to 1.5 mm. long, light fulvous ; corolla 3 cm. long,
cream color, glab-
tube about 4 mm. broad at b
abov
mm
(entire) glabrous; fruit not seen.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1662515, collected in the
San Juan Valley near Puerto Berri'o, between Rio Carare and Rio
Magdalena, Department of Santandcr, Colombia, altitude 100 to 700
meters, June 19, 1935, by Oscar Haught (No.
1799).
Mendoncia gilva is M, odorata, Wlien compared
closely related to
with this species it can be easily recognized by its solitary flowers
and
by the much longer and less appressed hairs of the more densely
pilose bracts. The name qilva alludes to the cream
21, Mendoncia odorata Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 12

Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus vel teretibus.
lorum
mucronat
adprosso-hirtella vel glabrata, pilis supra e basi stellata orientibus in-
structa; flores axillares, fragrantes; pedicelli adpresso-hirtelli; brac-
teae ovatae vel oblongo-ovatae, obtusae, minute apiculatae, extus parce
adpresso-hirtellae, intus glabrae; corolla subflava, lobis suborbicular-
ibus drupa ovoidea, leviter compressa, dabra.
;
X J> fc
L-
A suffrutescent vine up to 5 meters liigli ; branches subquadrangular

sparingly appressed-liirtellous to glabrate; leaf
to terete, striate,
blades ovate to oblong-elliptic, up to 11 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, grad-
ually to abruptly acuminate (the tip blunt and ending in a mucro
base, thin, sparingly appressed-
about 2 mm. long), acute or obtuse at
hirtellous or glabrate, the hairs of the upper surface produced from

star-shaped bases, the costa and veins (3 or 4 pairs) inconspicuous;
Leaf; Inflorescence; c, flower

Figure U—Mendoncia odorata Leonard {Haughi 2494): a. b.
show and pistil; d, stamen; e, capsule, {a, b,

with corolla and one bract removed to disc
c, e. Natural size; d, twice natural size.)
or sparingly hirtellous flowers 1

petioles up to 2 cm. long, glabrous ;
f« eoT^nvoi in onr>"h inril np.dinpls \m to 1.5 cm. lonff, appressed-hirtel-

'
cm
minu
mm
cream with brownish markings, glabrous, fragrant
. 6 mm. broad at base, narrowed 5 mm. above base tc
. ;
3 or 4 mm., thence enlarged to 8 mm. at throat, 2-lipped, the lobes

suborbicular, about 5 mm. in diameter; calyx glabrous, subentire;
ovary and style glabrous drupe ovoid, slightly compressed, 1.5 cm.
;
long, barely 1 cm. broad, about 4 mm. thick, glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National
Herbarium, No. 1706847, collected in
second growth along the Rio Negrito, 70 km. east of Villavicencio. In-
Meta, Colombia, December 25, 1938, by Oscar H
(N
Other collections are
Caparrapi, in Cundinamarca, altitude 1,260
:
meters, Garcia-B arriga 7720 (US) in the high forests of Mount

;
Chapon, 3,000 feet, Bayaca, Lawrance 363 (Mo, NY)

Mendonda odorata resembles M. gracilis in many respects but can be
stems. In M. gracilis
and The veins and vein-
blades of M. gracilis are often much more
)se of M, The name odorata alludes to the fragrant
{Haught
22. Mendoncia mutisii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 13
Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus, strigosis lamina ;
foliorum oblonga, apice acuminata, mucronata, basi angustata, sub-

membranacea, supra parce pubescens, pilis e basi stellata orientibus
instructa, subtus dense adpresso-pubescens, pilis in costa et venis
lateralibus pluribus; flores solitarii vel parci; pedicelli adpresso-
pubescentes; bracteae ellipticae, apice rotundatae et apiculatae. basi
lobi
glabrum.
Stem subqua
about 0.75 mm
long and 4 cm. wide, short-acuminate at apex and tipped by a
mucro
about 1 mm. long, narrowed at base, rather thin, sparingly hirtellous
above (hairs ascending, slightly less than 0.5 mm. long, arising from
star-shaped bases), rather copiously hirtellous beneath, the hairs
curved, ascending, about 0.75 mm. long, those on the costa
and veins
(4 pairs) more numerous and more closely appressed; petioles up to
1 cm. long, densely fulvous, appressed-pilosulous flowers 1 to several ;
in the axils; pedicels 1.5 cm. long, densely fulvous,

appressed-
pilosulous; bracts elliptic, 12 to 13 mm. long, 8 to 9 mm.
wide, rounded
and apiculate at apex, rounded at base, rather copiously hirtellous
without, the hairs curved, ascending or appressed, about 0.5 mm.
long
glabro
mm
sagittate, slightly curved, 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm, wide
at base, mucro-
nate at tip, one basal lobe slightly longer than the other,
both puber-
ulous at tin drnno. not-, qapti
r
Leonard: thes acanthaceae of Colombia, i 37
Figure 13.—Mendoncia mutisii Leonard (Mutis 916): a, Node, showing leaf and inflorcs-
cense; b, flower showing calyx, disc, and pistil on inner face of bract; c, tip of immature
corolla spread to show lobation; d, stamen, (a, i, Natural size; c, d, about twice natural
size*)
Figure U.—Mfndoncta cuairecasasn Leonard {Cuatrecasas 11134) : a, Leaf; b, node showing

corolla; c, node above that pictured in 6, showing unopened flowers; d, calyx, disc, and
pistil; e, stamen, {a-c, Natural size; tf, about four times natural size; e, about three timci
natural size,)
.
Type in the U.
National Herbarium, No. 1562336, collected in
S.
Colombia by J. C. Mutis (No. 916)
Mendoncia mutisii is probably related to M, alUda^ but it has much
smaller flowers and a more appressed pubescence.
23. Mendoncia cuatrecasasii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 14

Herba vel suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subteretibus, glabris vel
minute
basi anjTustata, in petiolum decur
vel in costa et venis lateralibus minute strigosa; flores fasciculati;
bracteae ellipticae utrinque rotundatae, apice mucronatae, extus
minute strigosae, intus glabrae; corolla subilava, extus glabra, lobis
intus ex parte puberulis; stamina barbata; calyx subhyalinus,
erosus;
ovarium
Herbaceous
conspicuously and minutely strigose; leaf blades oblong-ovate to
oblong, short-acuminate at apex (the tip blunt and often mucronate),
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, drying yellowish brown,
glab
and glabrous or minutely
»?
about 10, borne on short fan-shaped
ary or terminating the short branches pedicels about
;
long. mm
wide, rounded at both ends, apiculate at apex, inconspicuously strigose,
the hairs minute and closely appressed; corolla yellowish white,
tube
rounded
of the inner surface of each lobe papillose-puberulous calyx subhya- ;
line, erose style and ovary glabrous fruit not

;
seen. ;
Type in the National Herbarium of Colombia, collected nlnnfy fbfx

ban Miguel River, in damp forest of Quebrada de la Horm
saria of Putumayo, Colombia, altitude 290 meters, Decembe
by Cuatrecasas (No. 11134). Fragment of type in
J.
U. S
Mendoncia cuatrecasasii is M. glomerata Leona:
related to
fers in certain well-marked characters. In M. cuat ecasasii
blades arc oblong-ovate to oblong instead of strictly ovate
they are ;
firm, drying yellowish brown, instead of being thin

and drying dark
brown as in M. glomerata. The corollas are yellowish white, not pure
white. The most contrasting character, however, lies in the bracts in ;
this new species theyare inconspicuously and closely strigose, with the
hairs minute (0.5 mm. long), but in M. glomerata they are
soft and
silky, the hairs loosely appressed and much longer
(1 mm. long).
4 -k
'Leonard: thei acanthaceae of Colombia, i 39

. h
24. Mendoncia microchlamys Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 15
Suffrutex voliibilis, caulibus subquadrangularibuSj parce et minute

sursum
ro tun data
subtus
glabri; flores in calcaribus axillaribus complanatis dispositi; pedi-
subglabri bracteae parvae, ovatae, apice acutae,
celli tenues, glabri, vel ;
basi rotundatacj parce et minute adpresso-liirsutae corolla parva, ;
subviridis; ovarium glabrum.
Mendoncia microchlamys Leonard {Lawrance 264): J, Node showing leaf and

Figure 15.—
inflorescence; h, bracts; c, dissected corolla (immature), (a, Natural gize; b, twice natural
size; c, about four times natural size.)
Hiffh climbinar vines; stems subq

mm
internodes 10 to 11 cm. long; leaf blades elliptic-ovate, 5.5 to 8,5 cm,
long, 3,3 to 5.3 cm. wide, short-acuminate and apiculate at tip, rounded
at base, rather firm, drying black above and dark olive-brown beneath,
glabrous or the costa of the undersurface bearing a few minute hairs,
the costa and lateral veins (3 pairs) obscure above, more prominent
beneath: petioles 1.5 to 2 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute, the
;

hairs 0.25 mm. long flowers about
; 4,borne on short flattened axillary
spurs; pedicels slender, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, subquadrate, glabrous or
bearing a few minute hairs bracts thick, ovate, blackened, 5 to 6 mm.
;
long, 3.5 to 4 mm. wide, acute, rounded at base, sparingly and minutely
appressed-hirsute, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long; corolla greenish
white (immature), 2 mm. long, the lobes rounded, 0.5 mm. long and
0.75 mm. wide ovary glabrous fruit not seen.
; ;
Type herbarium of the Eiksmuseet, Stockholm, collected in

in the
thick forest in the region of Mount Chapon, Depaiiment of Boyacd,
Colombia, "altitude 3,600 feet," June 29, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance
(No. 264).
Another Los Carpatos, Ef o Pichinde, El Valle, alti-
collection is :
tude 1,900 to 2,100 meters, Cuatrecasas 21641, U. S. National Her-

barium, No. 1951303. Cuatrecasas accompanies his specimen with the
following notes An enormous vine, the stems clear sepia, whitish in
:
cross section, the branches Itâfy, dull green, fleshy, and the bracts
pale green.
Mendoncia microchlamvs is easilv recocfnized. as the SDecific name
bv
flowers.
Subfamily 3. THUNBERGIOIDEAE
Thunbergioideae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 43. 1893; Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b: 291. 1895.
Vines or shrubs leaves opposite, entire, toothed or lobed, petioled

;
cystoliths none; flowers axillary, pediceled, subtended by 2 usually

conspicuous but free bracts calyx annular or toothed corollas usually
; ;
conspicuous, white, yellow, or blue, the tube more or less curved and
ventricose, the limb 5-lobed stamens 4, the anthers 2-celled, the basal
;
lobes blunt or spurred; pollen of the "Furchenpollen" (furrowed) or

"Kammradpollen" (cog- wheeled) type; capsule beaked; seeds 2 in
each retinacula none, the f unicles pulvinate.
cell ;
Three genera are allotted to this subfamily, Thunlergia, Pseudo-

Meyen Of these only a
few cultivated or escaped species of Thwnbergia are likely to be met
with in the Western Hemisphere. Thunlergia data has become so
thoroughly established in some regions that it may appear to be native.
5. THUNBERGIA Retz.
Thunhergia Retz. Phys. Handl. 1: 163. 1776. The genus Thunhergia

Siillsk.
was named for Carl Peter Thunberg, a Swedish student of Linnaeus'. He
traveled in South Africa and Japan writing floras of these regions.
The genus is chiefly African, and it is indppd rlnnhffni ;f nn^r nf uc oT.or.Tc,«
-J - J
;;
LEONARD: THEi ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 41
will eyer be found native to the Americas. A dozen or more species occur
escapes
Thvnhergia capensis Retz. (Africa)
Herbaceous vines, or shrubs ; leaves usually hastate or cordate ; flow-
ers large, peduncled, axillary or borne in terminal racemes; bracts 2,
f oliaceous, large calyx short,

;
cupulif orm, truncate or many-toothed
corolla with a slender tube enlarged into a spreading 5-lobed limb
stamens 4, didynamous, borne near the base of the corolla tube, the
anthers with an apiculate connective, the lobes mucronulate at base
disc fleshy ovary fleshy,

; the style dilated at apex ovules 2 in each
;
abruptly flat-beaked, loculicidally dehis-

cavity; capsule coriaceous,
cent ; seeds semi-globose, with a large excavation on the inner side.
KEY TO THE SPECIES

Petioles winged.
with a dark purple eye 1. T. alata
Corolla usually orange or yellow
la. T. alata var. laJceH
Corolla pure white
Petioles not winged.
Calyx bearing about 12 slender, subulate teeth ; corolla
3 cm. long or less, pure white 2. T. fragrans

Calyx annular corolla
; 5 to 6 cm. long, blue or rarely white— 3. T. grandifiora
1. Thunbergia alata Bojer

Thunherffia alata Bojer; Sims, Bot. Mag. 52: p?. 2591. 1823. Type grown
from seeds procured in Mauritius. The name alata alludes to the winged
petioles.
A
pubescent trailing or climbing vine usually about 1 meter long
leaves ovate to triangular-ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acute at apex, cordate
remotely few-toothed, pubescent petiole
or hastate at base, entire or ;
wing-margined, as long as the leaf blades or shorter peduncles niostly

;
longer than the petioles bracts ovate-lanceolate,

;
acute or acuminate,
pubescent, about 1.5 cm. long; corolla 2.5 to 4 cm. long, yellow or
orange usually with a dark purple eye; capsule depressed-globose,
pubescent, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, its stout beak about 1 cm. long.
Fields, along trails, edges of thickets, gardens, and open waste

places in general. The specimens cited were collected 940 to 1,700
meters altitude. Tropical America, southern and eastern Africa,
Hong Kong, Guam, Amboina, Philippine Islands.
Antioquia: Medellln, Archer 4T (US) Toro ;12 (US). Valparaiso, Pennell

10802 (GH, Ph, US).
CALDAS: Wayside below Apia, Perniell 10291 (GH, NY). Koadside west of
Armenia, Pennell, EilUp, & Hazen 8635 (GH, Ph, NY, US).
CuNDiNAMAEcA : El Colegio, Bro. Ariste Joseph 1055 (US). Juntas, Lehmann
1854 (US). La Esperanza, Qarcia-Barriga 4704 (US). Along stream above Mel-
gar, Pennell 2842 (US). Sasaima, Bro. Nic<^foro Maria s. n. (US).
: ) ;
42 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Valle Roadside near Call, Pirem-ArheUez d Cuatrccasas 6333 (US).

Roadsides between Cabuyal and Solorza, Cuatrccasas 144G1 (US). Vicinity of
Zaragoza, Cuatrccasas 22764 (US),
la. Thunbergia alata var. bakeri Hort, (A color variant.
for Colo
variants of T. alata are common. Many
of these have been recognized
as horticultural varieties or have actually been described as valid var-
ieties or species. It is, however, difficult if not impossible to distin-
guish between these forms or varieties unless fresh flowers are exam-
dr The
following key will serve to separate the entities listed in Bailey's
Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
Leaves variegated T, aurajitiaca subvar. doddsii Paxt.
Leaves green.
Corolla uniform in color.
Corolla pure white t. alata var. lakeri Hort.
Corolla sulphur yellow t. sulphurea Hort.
Corolla yellow j, j^^^^ jj^j.^^
Corolla with eye.
Corolla white with dark center T. alata var. alba Paxt.
Corolla bright orange with dark center T. aurantiaca Paxt.
Corolla pale orange with white center T, frycri Hort.
Corolla orange, yellow, buff, or cream with dark center T. alata Bojer
CuNDiNAMABCA Field near La Vega, P&ez-ArlcJdez d Cuatrecasas 5346 (US).
:
Thunbergia FiGUKE
Thunbergia frwgrans Eoxb. PI. Coromand. I: 47. 1795. Type collected at
Samulcotah, India.
Thunbergia voluMlis Pers. Syn. Pi. 2: 179. 1806. Type collected in India
and deposited in the herbarium of Jussieu, Paris.
A slender finely pubescent vine up to 2 meters long, usually climb-
ing; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, hastate
or
cordate at base, entire or remotely few-toothed toward base
;
petioles
slender, 1 to 4 cm. long flowers axillary peduncles 2 to 7 cm.
;
; long
bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; corolla
white,
2.5 to 3 cm. long, the lobes crenate, nearly as long as the tube capsule ;
depressed-globose, about 8 mm. in diameter, tipped by a stout flattened

cm
Vernacular name: Enredadera blanca, pico de ave {Duque-Jara-
millo 1804, 1936).
Roadsides, thickets, waste grounds in general. Naturalized after
cultivation. Found in tropical regions throughout most parts of the
world. Although specifically named fragrans there is considerable
difference of opinion as to whether the flowers are actually fragrant.
Some find them so, others find them fragrant only at certain times
during the day, and still others fail entirely to detect any marked
odor.
Leonard: the. acanthaceae of Colombia, i 43
Antioquia Titiribf, vicinity of Medellin, Toro 554 (NY). Valparaiso, vicinity

:
of Medellin, Toro 1639 (NY).

BoUvar: Vicinity of Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 410 (US).
Choc6: Clearing at Andagoya, Killip 35365 (US).
CuNDiNAMAitcA Girardot, Perez-ArleUcz 382 (US). Jerusalem, P6rc::-Ar-
:
Uldez 577 (US).

Cauca Orchards, Candelaria to Palmira, Duque-Jamarillo 1396 (Valle).
:
El Valle: Andalucia, Dryander 413 (US). Orchards and gardens, Call,

Duque-J aramillo 1804 (US).
Figure \6.—ThunUrgia fragrans Roxb. (a, Killip 35365; b, Perez-Arleldez 577; c-e,
DryandcT 413): a. Node showing inflorescence and a pair of leaves; b, capsule; c, a valve
of the capsule; d, placenta septum showing the large papilliform retinacula; e, seed show-
ing mouth of excavation. (All natural size.)
3. Thunbergia grandlflora Roxb.

Thunhergia grandiflora Roxb. Hort. Beng. 45. 1814; Fl. Ind. 3: 34. 1832.
Type collected near Calcutta, India.
Thunhergia cordifolia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 55. 1847. Type collected at
Assam and deposited in the Hooker Herbarium, Kew.
A
stems subquadrangul
cm. lonfT and wide, acuminate
apex, cordate or hastate at base (basal sinus usually broad and
rounded), often coarsely toothed or lobed below the middle; petioles
up to 10 cm. long; flowers axillary or borne on slender bracted, termi-
892687—51 4
1
: .
nal and often recurved racemes spathe Q-valvedj the valves obliquely
;
oblong, up to 3.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, acuminate, striate-nerved

and bearing small scattered black dots corolla white or light blue, ;
campanulate, up to 6 cm- long, the limb about 5 cm. broad stamens ;
included, the exterior cell of each posterior anther armed with a rigid
mm
in diameter, tipped by a stout beak about
Gardens, thickets, forests. Planted ( established
tropical regions throughout many parts <
AtlAntico: BarranquUla, Bro. Elias 794 (U

CuNDiNAMAECA Girardot, P^rez-Arleldez
: \ (US). Granja Cafetera En-
rique Soto^ La Esperanza, Gutierrez 410 (GH)
Subfamily 4, ACANTHOIDEAE
Acanthoideae Lindau in Bot, Jahrb, Engler 18 : 43. 1893.
Retinacula subulate, usually curved, truncate and more
fimbriate at tip, aestivation of corolla lobes contorted or imbricate.
KEY TO THE SPECIES

CoroUas contorted at aestivation stamens usuaUy 4
; A. Contobtab
Corollas imbricate at aestivation; stamens usually 2 B. Imbricatak
Seriea A, CONTOHTAE
Contortae Lindau in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18 : 43, 1893,
Of by Dalla Torre and Harms (Genera

the seven tribes listed
Siphonogamanim)j the following five are represented by one or more
genera in Colombia
1* Trichanthereae
2. Hygrophileae
3. Petalidieae
4. Ruellieae
5. Barlerieae
A key to the tribes has been constructed by Lindau (Engl. & Prantl,
Pilanzenfam. IV. 3b: 287. 1891). His key, however, is based chiefly
on pollen characters. Since pollen characters are very difficult to
more
Colombian
Calyx segments very dissimilar^ the posterior one usually the largest, the anterior
pair more or less united flowers borne in dense terminal spikes.
;
Corolla large, S cm. long or more, subregular 13, Barleria

Corollas small, about 5 mm, long, 2-lipped,
Flowers secund 11. Phaylopsis
Flowers not secund 14. Teliostachya
Calyx regular or nearly so; inflorescence various.
Shrubs or small trees; calyx segments often rounded or obtuse at tip.
Basal lobes of the anther muticous 7. Trichanthera
TP-'.-y
Leonard; the acanthaceae of colombu, i 45
Basal lobes of the anther calcarate*

Corolla white, campanulate, about 2 cm, long or less; flowers borne in
large loose panicles 6. Bravaisia
Corolla red or yellow, tubular, usually 4 cm. long or more ; flowers borne
in spikes^ the rachis simple or branched 8, Sanchezia
Herbs, often more or less suffrutescent (rarely shrubs) calyx segments subu- ;
late or lanceolate, usually acute or acuminate.

Corolla 2-lipped; flowers solitary or fascicled, axillary; capsule cylin-
dric 9- Hygrophila
Corolla regular or nearly so inflorescence various capsules stipitate.
; ;
Flowers borne in dense terminal quadrifarious spikes, the bracts closely

imbricate 10. Blechum
Flowers axillary, or borne in loose terminal or axillary cymes or panicles
(rarely in terminal heads) bracts usually small, rarely large and
imbricate 12, Ruellia
Tribe 1, Trichantherbab Lindau
Trichanthereae Lindau in Bot. Jahrb, Engler 18 : 44. 1893,
Herbs, shrubs, or trees: calyx S-parted, the lob(

regularly 5-lobed stamens 2 or 3, free or united at the base into
;
staminodes 2 or none: capsules oblong, short-stipitate ; seeds

2
THE GENERA
Stamens 4 corolla campanulate» the tube relatively short

;
Anther cells spurred at base Bravaisia

6.
Anther cells rounded at base 7. Trichanthera

Stamens 2; staminodes 2; corolla cylindric 8. Sanchezia
6. BRAVAISIA DC.
Bravaisia jya Key. Bign. in Bibl, Univ. Genfeve N. S. 17: 132. 1838, Originally
placed in the family Bignonaceae by DeCandoUe, this genus was first
properly considered to belong to the family Acanthaceae by Bentham &
Hooker (Gen. PI. 2; 1081 1876). It was named in honor of two brothers,
C, and J. Bravais, whose notes on the leaves and flowers of the plant were
utilized by DeCandolle in drawing his description. The material on which
the generic description was based was collected by Vargas at Caracas,
Venezuela. Type species: Bravaisia fioribunda DC.
Onychacanthus Nees In DC. Prodn 11: 217. 1847. Nees describes two species,
O. cumingii (based on two specimens^ one collected in Peru by Pav6n and the
other in Central America by Cuming, No. 1307) and O. herlandierianus
(based on a specimen collected in Mexico by Berlandier, No. 108). The
name Onychacanthus comes from Spv^, claw or nail, and &Kaveosj Acanthus,
in allusion, probably, to the biungulate stigmas. Type species: 0. cumingii
Nees, Type locality Peru.
:
Shrubs or trees; leaves petioled, opposite, entire; inflorescence a

terminal subcorymbose panicle, each flower subtended by a pair of
bracts; calyx segments 5, subcoriaceous corolla white, yellow, or ;
purplish, the tube short, the throat campanulate, the lobes 5, subequal,
rounded, spreading; stamens 4, the anther cells contiguous, spurred at
base; ovules 2 to 4 in each cell.
;
46 CONTRIBUTIOXS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIXTM
1. Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standi. FroTTRE 17

A^nasonia intcgcrrima Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 765, 1825. The species was estab-
lished by a short Latin description and the following citation of locality and
collector: "Ad. fl. Magdalen, Bortero." Type Material is in the Delessert
Herbarium, Photographs of this are in the U. S. National Herbarium, No.
7694, and in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Bravaisia floribmida DC. Prodr. 9: 240. 1843. DcCandolle placed this speciea
in the family Bignoniaceae, citing as
synonyms Bignonia hilracteuta Bertero,
Barleria anomala Spreng., and Amasonia integcrrima Spreng, He based his
description on material collected at Santa Marta, Colombia, by Bertero, at
Caracas, Venezuela, by Vargas, and in Mexico by Karwinski.
Onijchacanthus cnmingii Neos in DC. Prodr. 11: 217. 1847. Type collected
in Peru by Paron and deposited in the DeCandoIle Herbarium, Geneva.
Onychacanthus berlandcrianus Neos in DC. Prodr. 11: 217. 1847. Type col-
lected at Tampieo, Tamaulipas, Mexico, by Berlandier, No. 108 and deposited
in the Moricand Herbarium, Geneva.
OnychacantMis speciosus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjobenhavn Vid. Mcdd. 1854: 131.
1854. Type collected in rich forest of La Baranca, near Puntarenas, Costa
Rica, by Oersted.
Onychacanthus arlorea Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 111. pL 1^9. 1802-1869. Type
collected in torrid mountainous region near Victoria and San Sebastian,
Caracas, Venezuela.
Bravaisia integcrrima Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1335. 1926.
Based on Amasonia integerrima Spreng.
A
dense tree up to 18 meters high; branches glabrous or finely
puberulous, or tomentosc when young; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 8 to
28 cm. long, 3 to 10 cm. wide, acuminate or acute at apex, narrowed at
base, entire or undulate, subcoriaceous, glabrous or the costa and
lateral veins pilosulous petioles up to 5 cm. long, but usually about
;
3 cm. long ; flowers borne in leafy terminal, subcorymbose, trichotom-

ously branched thrysi about 12 cm. long and 10 to 30 cm. broad, the
branches subquadrangular, glabrous or puberulous, subtended by
bracts resembling small leaves (1 to 8 cm. long, 0.5 to 4 cm. wide)
pedicels 1 to 5 mm.
long bractlets ovate, 2 to 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide,
;
puberulous, ciliolate, subcarinate; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long, the segments

ovate, 3 to 4 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm, wide, obtuse or rounded, puberulous
and ciliolate corolla white (or yellow) with a purple spot at the throat,
;
glabrous (except the ciliate lobes), about 2 cm. long, the tube cam-
panulate, about 8 mm. broad at throat, the limb about 2 cm. broad, the
lobes 1 cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, rounded or emarginate; capsule
oblong, 10 to 12 mm. long, obtuse at apex, rounded at base, glabrous,
4-seeded ; seeds flat, suborbicular, about 4 mm. in diameter, greenish,
glabrous.
Vernacular names: Sancarano {Curran 222) ;
palo de agua {Bro.
Elias 444, 487, 1265, 1507; Dugand 580) ; sancho araiia {Dugand 580;
Curran ZQ%U1).
Masses of aerial roots, after the fashion of mangroves, are often
produced at the bases of the trees. The wood is said to be light cream
in color, medium heavy but not hard, and possessing a coarse uneven
grain. packing boxes and food pails/
It is suitable for
Low wet woods and meadows. Peru; Colombia; Venezuela; north
to Oaxaca and Tamaulipas, Mexico,
Atlantico: Woods near Arroyo de Piedras, Diigand 580 (US). BarranquiUa,

Bro. EUas 974 (US), Galapa, vicinity of BarranquUla, Bro. Elias 444 (US).
Puerto Colombia, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. EUas 1265 (US). 1507 (US).
Sabanalarga, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 4S7 (US), Usiacuri, Dugand
tC Garcla-Barriga 2324 (US).
BotJvar: Estrella, Cafio Papayal, Lands of Loba, Curran 308 (GH, US);
317 (GH), Along the Mompos to Juana Sanchez trail, Island of Mompos, Lands
of Loba, Curran 222 (US). Meadow at Morrocoquiel on the lilo Sinu, Pennell
4697 (GH, Mo, NY, US).
Magdat.ena: Santa Marta, Romero 34 (Mo); H. E. Smith 1869 (GH, Mo,
NY, Ph, US) ; Bertero s. n. (Mo, isotype).
Figure 17 .—Bravaisia inUgerrima (Spreng.) Standi, {a, J, Dugand ^ Garcla-Barriga

2324; Cf Pennell 4697): a, Portion of stem showing inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of
inflorescence showing capsule and calyx; c, stamen, (a, b, Natural size; c, twice natural
size.)
7. TRICHANTHERA H, B. K.
Trichanthera H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 243, in obs. 1817. Ruellia gvgantea,
the type species, was first published by Humboldt and Bonpland in their
Plantae Aequinoctiales (2: vt 102. 1809). It was redescribed in their
75.
Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (2: 243. 1817) with the following
observation appended: **Certe distincti generis ob stamina exserta, antheras
pilosas et capsulae loculos dispermos. Fortasse Trichanthera nominandum."
Nees, in DeCandoUe's Prodromus (11: 218. 1847), published a detailed
* Outran, Tropical Woods 19: 18. 1929.

. ;;;
generic description under the name Trichanthera. Derivation of Trichan'

thera epl^, hair, and apOijpSs, anther. Type locality "in sylvis fluvii Mag-
: :
dalenae, prope Badillas et juxta Ybague."
Shrubs or trees ; leaves opposite, petioled, ovate to oblong, entire or

undulate, the cystoliths numerous, small; inflorescence a terminal,
dense, and many-flowered panicle or corymb bracts small, triangular ;
calyx segments 5, obtuse corolla regular, 5-lobed, tomentose, campan-

;
ulate; stamens exserted, didynamous, the anthers ciliate, their basal

lobes rounded ; capsules 4-seeded, 2 seeds in each locule.
KEY TO THE SPECIES

Calyx lobes rounded ; inflorescence racemose, secund
lower surface of the leaf ;
blades inconspicuously pubescent 1. T. gigantea

Calyx lobes obtuse or acute inflorescence corymbose lower surface of the leaf
; ;
blades conspicuously pubescent 2. T, corymhosa
1. Trichanthera gigantea (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees Figttee 18

RucUia gigantea Humb. & Bonpl. PI. Aequin. 2, 75, pi. 102. 1809. Type col-
lected along the Magdalena River, near Badilla, Colombia, by Humboldt and
Bonpland. Type material in the Berlin Herbarium and Hooker Herbarium,
Kew.
Trichanthera gigantea Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 218. 1847. Based on Ruellia
gigantea Humb. & Bonpl.
Shrubs or trees up to 5 meters high (sometimes bushy and bearing
adventitious roots) the top rounded
branches quadrate, the angles
, ;
rounded, the tips minutely brown-tomentose lenticels prominent leaf ; ;
blades ovate to oblong, up to 26 cm. long and 14 cm. wide, acuminate

at apex, narrowed and veins pubescent
at base, glabrous, or the costa
petioles 1 to 5 cm. long; inflorescence a terminal compact more or
less secund panicle 5 to 15 cm. long and 4 to 5 cm. broad, brown-
tomentose; bracts triangular, 3 mm. long; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long,
brown-tomentose, the segments 7 to 10 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, rounded
at apex; corolla 3 to 4 cm. long, red and glabrous proximally, yel-
lowish and silky-tomentose distally, red and glabrous within, the
tube 1 to 1.5 cm. long, the limb 2 to 3 cm. broad, the lobes oblong to ob-
long-ovate, 3 to 5 mm. wide ovary tomentose ; style 4 to 5 cm. long
;
capsule 1.5 to 2 cm. long, obtuse at apex, silky-pubescent, the hairs

closely appressed retinacula 3 mm. long, curved, truncate and erose
;
at tip mature seed 1 to 4 in each capsule, lenticular, 3 to 4 mm. broad,

;
glabrous.
Vernacular names Aro-blanco : {Killip <& Smith 15452) ; nacedero
[Dryander 37) rompebarringa {Archer 523).
;
Used in the vicinity of Fredonia, Antioquia, as a remedy for cattle

{Archer ^'^Z)
Under the impression that the species belonged to the genus Ruellia^
Humboldt and Bonnland nnmed ainn'nipn. Tippmisp nf itc pnnfracf
if,
— ^:vT"-tr- ti , ^ ' w-r- ^ T _
Leonard: thb acanthaceae of Colombia, i 49
in size when compared with the other herbaceous or suffrutescent

Ruellia*
and clearings, often in moist
ForestSj thickets, roadsides^ situations,
Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, and Costa Rica.
Antioquia Vicinity of Fredonia, Archer 523 (US). Vicinity of Medellln, Toro
:
78 (NY). Titiribf, Archer 574 (US). Vicinity of Turbo, Haught 4549 (US).
BoLfvAB: Sahagiin, Pennell 4101 (NT, US), San Martin de Loba, Lands of
Loba, Curran 54 (GH, US).
BoYACi.: Vicinity of Boavita, Cuatreeasas 1924 (US). MoniquirS., P^rez-
Arbeldez d Cuatreeasas 8132 (US).
Choc6: Bahia Solano, near Ciudad Mutis, Killip d Qarcia-Barriga 33589 (US).
Figure 18. Trichanthera gigantea (Humb, & Bonpl.) Nees {a^ b, Cuatreeasas 13437;
f, Archer 574): a^ Leaf; by inflorescence; f, corolla. (All half natural size.)
CUNDiNAMABCA : VicInity of BogotA, Hermann 10926 (US). Caparrapl, Oar-

cia-Barriga 7658 (US). El Colegio, Bro. Ariste Joseph lOGl (US). Koad to
Girardot between La Esperanza and San Javier, Oarcia-Barriga 12193 (US) ;
12203 (US). La Mesa to Magdalena, Triana s. n, (NY, US). Hacienda Patasia,

Pacho, Qarcia-Barriga 12543 (US). Hacienda La Victoria on the San Bernardo
Trail near Sasaima, Gar cia-Barriga 12114 (US).
El Cauca: Cali, Qarcia-Barriga 4213 (US). El Tambo, von Sneidern 2652
(S);2653 (S).
El Valle: Vicinity of Cali, P^rez-Arieldez d Cuatreeasas 6332 (US). El
Freijito, Dryander 47 (US). La Manuelita, Palmira, Pennell d Killip 6193 (GH,
. ;
NY, Ph). Hoya, between Quebradita del Retiro and Rio Alban, Cuatrecasas
22C31 (Ch). Timba, von Sneidern 1240 (NY, S).
Magdalen A (?) Poponte^ Cyril Allen 876 (Mo).
:
Meta: Villavit^cncio, Killip 34345 (US).

Norte de Santandek: Trail between Cliinficota and Esmeralda, Killip <6 Smith
:0S91 (US), Culaga Talley, north of Labateca, Killip d Smith, 20534 (NY,
US). Rio Cbita^î, region de Sarare, Cuairecasas 13-137 (US). Ciilagil Valley
near Tapata, KiUip d Smith 20504 (NY, US).
PuruMAYo Puerto Porvenir above Puerto Ospina on the Rio Putnmayo, Cnatre-
:
casas 10733 (Col),

SANTA^^DER: Bucaramanga, Killip d Smith 15452 (NY, US). Rio SuratS. Val-
ley between El Jabonclllo and Surata, Killip d Smith 16426 (US).
TooMA: IbagU(5, Holton (NY).
Without locality: Lchmann 30-10 (US).
2. Trichanthera corymbosa Leonard
Tricanthera corymhosa Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad, Sci, 20: 4S7. 1930.
The type, collected in the CulagA Valley, near Tapatd, Norte de Santander^
Colombia, 1,500 to 2,100 meters, March 4, 1927, by Killip & Smith, No. 20140,
is in the U, S, National Herbarium, No. 13552G8, Isotypes are in the Gray
Herbarium and In the herbarium of the New Yorli Botanical Garden.
Tree up to 3 meters liigli; branches brownisli-tomentose or gray and

glabrous with age, the angles rounded, the lenticels prominent peti- ;
oles 1 to 5 cm. long, brown-tomentose; leaf blades ovate, 10 to 22 cm,

long, 5 to 15 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate (the tip blunt), rounded
or abruptly narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, firm,
shallowly crenate, sparingly pubescent above, the cystoliths numer-
ous, the lower surface rather densely pubescent with soft webby hairs
or subtomentose, especially on the costa and veins (about 10 pairs)
inflorescence corymbose, 10 to 20 cm. broad, the branches subquad-
rangular, minutely brown-tomentose, the lenticels prominent; bracts
leaflikej small, deciduous, those subtending the flowers triangular, 2
to 3 mm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, velvety brown-tomentose calyx irreg- ;
ular (anterior lobe appreciably longer than the others), 1.5 to 2.3 cm.
long, velvety brown-tomentose, the lobes oblong, 10 to 20 mm. long,
3 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse to acute, 5-nerved, the middle nerve more
pronounced than the 4 lateral ones; corolla 3 cm. long, the tube 5 to
6 mm. broad, glabrous, the throat and lobes whitish or brown and
densely tomentose without, purple and sparingly pubescent within,
the limb 2,5 cm. broad, the lobes erect or spreading, ovate, 12 mm. long,
8 to 10 mm. wide, obtuse; stamens exscrted, the filaments 15 mm, long,
pilose at base, glabrous above, the anthers 7 mm. long and 2 mm. broad,
the basal lobes 2 to 3 mm. long, obtuse, sparingly pilose along the
sutures; capsule oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 5 to 7 mm. broad, acute or
obtuse at apex, densely tomentose, the hairs brownish mature seed ;
not seen but probably lenticular and glabrous.

Known only from the type locality and from Tovar, Merida, Vene-
zuela {Pittier 12828)
^HL.
LEONARD; THE' ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 51
8. SANCHEZIA Ruiz & Pav.
Sanchczia Ruiz & Pav. FL Peruv. Chil. Prodr, 5, pi. 32, 1794; Ruiz & Pav. FL
Peruv. CliiL 1: 7. ph 8, flff, a d 6. 1798. The genus was named for Jos6
Sfinchez, a professor of botany at Cadiz.
Ancylogyne Nees in Wart. FL Bras, 9: G3, pi 7. 1847. The name Ancylogyne
is derived from avKv\os, bent or curved, and t"^"'?* pistil, Nees published two
species in Martius' Flora of Brazil, A. munita and A, macrocnemis, the latter
identical with 8. oUonga Ruiz & Pav. In DeCandoUe's Prodromus (11: 221,
1847), Nees added two more species, A. peruviana and A, capitata. In 18G6
Hooker (Bot. Mag. Curtis 92: pi 5594) reestablished the name Sanchezia,
Erect herbs or shrubs, usually glabrous flowers solitary or fascicled,

;
usually large and conspicuous, yello^Y or red, borne on spikes or

racemes, the flower clusters subtended by small or often large and
bracts, these sometimes colored; calyx 5-parted
cylindr
mucronulate
nodes 2; capsule oblong, 6 to 8-seeded; seeds orbicular.
Sanchezias are shrubby or sublierbaceous plants bearing large firm
leaves and attractive, bright yellow or purple, sessile flowers disposed
in spikes or racemes. Natives of tropical America, these plants are
mainly confined to wet forests of the northern Andes, but, being both
attractive and adaptable to cultivation, they have reached regions
far removed from their native haunts. Specimens of ^
Java, S
and Amboina. About 30 species are now recognized.
KEY TO THE SPECIES

Calyx shorter than the bracts.
Bracts connate at least to middle; leaf blades eUiptic-obovate— 1, 8. pennelUi
Bracts not connate or scarcely so; leaf blades oblong-elliptic 2, 8. speciosa
Calyx longer than the bracts*
Corolla essentially glabrous 3. 8. lutea
Corolla distally retrorsely hirtellous.
Corolla bright rose 4. 8. putumaj/ensis
Corolla ochre 5, 8. parvilracteata
1. Sanchezia pennelUi Leonard

Sanchezia pcnnclUl Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 488. 1926.
Type collected in a sandy loam forest along the EIo Magdalena at Vuelta
de Acufia, Antioquia, Colombia, altitude 125 to 130 meters, January 14, 1918,
by Francis W, Pennell, No. 3798. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium,
No. 1043822.
Lowshrub; stems glabrous; leaf blades elliptic-obovate, 10 to 30

cm. long, 5 to 13 cm, wide, abruptly narrowed at apex to a blunt tip,
gradually narrowed at base, crenate, glabrous bearing cystoliths 0.5
mm. long; petioles 4 cm. long; inflorescence spicate, the flowers 6 to 8,
sessile, crowded in the axils of the bracts and forming fascicles 3 to 6
cm. in diameter bracts 5 cm. long, connate below, loosely enclosi

;
flowers, the free portion broadly ovate, 3 to 3.5 cm. wide, ab

narrowed to a blunt tip, orange-red, glabrous, bearing cysti
bractlets elliptic-obovate, 2.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide; sepals lif
obovate, 10 to 15 mm. lono:, the 3 outer 3 to 5 mm. wide, the 2

mm
7 mm. broad at throat, the lobes 3 mm. wide
emarjrinate
mm
glabrou,
Wet woods, usually on banks of streams. Panama, Colombia, Peru.
Antioquia: Vicinity of Turbo, Haught 4545 (US). Vuelta de Aeufia on the
Efo Magaalena, Pcnnell 3798 (NY, US).
BoLfvAB: Boca Verde on the Rio Sinii, Pennell 4573 (NY).
Choc6 Andagoya, Killip 35399 (US). Negria, along the Rio San Juan, Killip
:
35008 (US). Quibd6 on theRfo Atrato, ^rcTier 1803 (US).

Valle (Ch).
Mong the Rfo Calima at La Trojita, Cmtrecasas 16322 (US).
Maodalena: St Juancito, Eolton (NY),
IVIeta: Llanos de San Martin, Triana s. n. (Col).
PuTUMATo: On the Rio San Miguel between the mouths of Rfo Bermega and
Rfo Conejo, Ctiatrccaaas 11051 (US). On the Rio San Miguel at the mouth of Rio
Conejo, Cuafrccasas 10918 (US).
Santander Between Rio Sogamoso and Rfo Colorado in the vicinity of Bar-
:
ranca Bermeja, Hauffht 1538 (US). Brazo de Moro above Barranca Bermeja,
Nicmeycr 1 (US), Between Rfo Carare and Rfo Magdalena in the vicinity of
Puerto Berrfo, Haught 1835 (US).
Vaxjp£s: San Jos6 del Guaviare, Citatrecasas 7442 (US),
2, Sanchezia speciosa Leonard

Washingt 1926.
The type, collected in the Botanical Garden of Havana, Cuba, January 1905,
by A. H. Curtiss, No. 622, is in the U. S. National Herbarium.
Plant shrubby; stem quadrangular; leaves oblong-elliptic, 10 to 25
cm
narrowed to a slender blunt apex, narrowed or rounded at base and
undulate
lateral veins (9 to 12 pairs) prominent beneath, the cystoliths curved,
about 0.5 mm. long; inflorescence a terminal simple or forked inter-
rupted spike equaling or exceeding the upper pair of leaves; inter-
more
1 to 2 cm. broad bracts ovate, blunt at apex, glabrous, bearing cysto-
;
mra
tuse sepals ligulate, 1.5 to 1.8 cm. long, 3 to 5
; mm. wide, rounded
at
apex ; corolla orange, the tube 4 to 6 cm. long, 7 to 8 mm. broad at
throat, narrowed below the middle to 3 mm., glabrous, the lobes 3 to 4
mm. long, rounded, emarginate ; stamens inserted about 5 mm. above
-r^-
LEONARD; THE' ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 53
the base of the corolla tube, the filaments 4 to 4.5 cm. long, exserted 5
to 15 mm, beyond the mouth of the corolla, sparingly pilose; anthers

5 mm. long; staminodes 2.5 cm long; style 5 cm. long, equaling or
exceeding the stamens ; fruit not seen*
Usually found in cultivation but undoubtedly a plant of wet forests
when growing in its natural haunts. The fact that the Putumayo
specimen was collected from a plant growing wild is of great interest,
since all the other material in the U- S. National Herbarium is from
cultivated sources.
West Indies and Colombia.
PuTCMATo: On the left bank of Qp^brada de la Hormiga along the Rio San
Miguel, Cuatrecasas 11109 (US).
3, Sanchezia lutea Leonard, sp. nov, FlGUEE
Frutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, glabris vel ad nodos parce

pilosis; lamina foliorum oblonga, lanceolata, acuminata, basi angus-
tata, in petiolum decurrens imdulata. frlabra: TDetioli brevi. basi
ramosae
floriferae
gmenta
vel oblanceolata, acuta^ apice pubescentia; corolla aurantiaca, parce
pubescensj lobis rotundatis, emarginatis; stamina exserta, filamentis
pilosis; starainodia glabra; antherae pilosae.
Shrub up high branches quadrangular, glabrous, or
to 3 or 4 meters ;
the nodes sometimes beset with a few stiff straight hairs about 0.5 mm,
long; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 25 cm. long and 6.5 cm.
wide, gradually narrowed from the middle to a slender and sometimes
curved tip, acute at base and decurrent on the petiole, undulate, glab-
rous, the lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs) rather prominent beneath;
connate
terminal
cm
bracts subtending the branches of the inflorescence linear-lanceolate,
2 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide at the base, slenderly acuminate, the
smaller
mm. long and 6 mm. wide (successively
inflorescence), acute; bractlets oblong, 13
mm
calyx segments linear-oblong to oblanceolate, slightly irregular in size,
mm
obscurely parallel-veined; corolla orange yellow or pale salmon,
mm
thick at base, narrowed above the ovary to 3 mm
to 8 mm., but the throat narrowed to 5 mm.,
itself
5 mm. lonff, 3 mm. wide, rounded and emarcfinate;
staminodes
ri ^
—
Figure 19, Sanchezia lutea Leonard {Cuatrecasas 4627): a^ Tip of branch showing leaf
and inflorescence; b^ bract subtending flower clusters; r, bract subtending flower; d^ calyx
segment; ^, stamen and staminode (immature);/, anther, dorsal view to show sutures; g^
anther, ventral view to show connective; A, corolla lobe; i, pistil (immature), (d, Half
natural size; J-^, A, /, natural size;/, g, about twice natural size.)
12 mm. long, glabrous, the anthers 5 mm. long, their ventral surfaces
mm
style glabrous J
fruit not seen.
Type in the U. S. National H
Quibdo, Intendencia of Choco
Colombia, May 20 or 21, 1931, by W. A. Archer
Cuatrecasas' No. 4627 (US), collected between Villavicencio and

El Parrao, Meta, Colombiaj 500 meters, November 10, 1938, and
Camilo's No. 78 (GH) , collected at Florencia, Caqueta, also represent
the species*
Sanchezia hitea resembles S, parvijlora Leonard, an Ecuadorian
species, but differs in its larger orange-yellow or pale salmon corollas
(3.5 to 4 cm* long). The corollas of S. parviflora are 3 cm, long and
pale scarlet in color.
4, Sanchezia putumayensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 20
Frutex caulibus subquadrangularibus; lamina foliorum oblongo-

elliptica, acuminata, apice curvata, basi angustata, in petiolum de-
currens, glabra, Integra vel undulata, costa et venis obscuris; paniculae
terminales, parce ramosae. floribus in f asiculis naucifloris secundis dis-
bracteolae
^gmenta
sursum
rotundatis
subtomentosa antherae hirtellae pistillum glabrum.
serta, pilosa vel ;
;
Shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, the angles

glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 16 cm. long and 6 cm.
wide, narrowed to a slender often curved apex (the tip blunt), nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous, entire or un-
dulate, the costa and lateral veins (about 8 pairs) rather inconspicu-
ous; inflorescence a panicle of 3 or 4 branches, up to 15 cm. long, the
fascicles small, few-flowered, secund, except occasionally the lower-
most, longer than the internodes; bracts ovate, up to 8 mm. long
and 5 mm. wide, acutish, the veins obscure; bractlets oblong, up to
7 mm. long and 3,5 mm. wide, rounded, both bracts and bractlets gla-
mm
mm
puncticulate within, the tips sparingly hirsutulous; corolla bright
mm
mm., thence gradually enlarged, becoming 7 mm
mouth
mm
lobes about 4 mm, in diameter, rounded, emarginate ; stamens exserted
15 to 20 mm. bevond the mouth of the corolla, the filaments densely
subtomentose at and above
mm. in lengtl
mm. lonsr* the cells ventrallv hirtellous, the basal spurs 1 mm
style and stigma glabrous fruit not seen*
;
U* S. National Herbarium, No. 1G91751, collected in

e Rio Putumayo, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia,
September 26 to October by G. Klug (No. 1653). Isotypes

10, 1930,
are in the herbaria of the Missouri and New York Botanical Gardens.
Cuatrecasas* No. 10919 (US), collected near mouth of the Eio
Conejo, Putumayo, 300 meters and Triana's specimen (s, n.) (Col),
collected at Barbacoas, Nariiio, also represent the species,
SancheBia pufumayensis is near S. sylvestris Leonard, of Peru, from
which it differs chiefly in its relatively narrower leaf blades with
narrowed rather than obtuse bases, and by the pilosulous (distally)
corollas (practically glabrous in S. sylvestris) The type (Klug 1653) .
was erroneously cited under S. sylvestris in the original description

of that Peruvian species.
Figure 20,— Sanchezia putumayensis Leonard (Klug 1653): a, Tip of branch showing in-
florescence and leaves; t, calyx opened and spread to show segments; r, bract subtending
flower; d, a stamen and staminode; ^, anther, showing sutures; /, anther^ attachment of
filament, (a, d^ Half natural size; i, c, e^f^ natural size.)
5. Sanchezia parvibracteata Sprague & Hutchinson

BancTiezia sprucei var. salvadorensis Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 44: 116, 1907.
Type collected in a garden in the city of San Salvador, El Salvador,
December, 190G, by Luis V. Velasco, No. 8985.
;
LEONARD: THK ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 57

Banchezia parvibracteata Spragtie & Hutchinson, Kew Bull. 1908: 253. 1908,
Type taken from a plant cultivated at Kew but originally grown in the
Royal Botanic Gardens at Peradeniya, Ceylon, in 1905. The stock was col-
lected somewhere in tropical America,
A
large sufFrutescent herb; stems snnooth, subquadr angular, the
angles rounded; leaf blades oblanceolate, up to 26 cm. long and 7
cm, wide or more, acuminate, subfalcate, narrowed at base and de-
glabro
prominent
mm
inflorescence a sparingly branched terminal panicle up to 16 cm. long,
and 3 to 4 cm. broad, the fascicles usually several-flowered, sessile,
subsecund, the bracts subtendino* them trianirular-ovate* subconnate.
mm
and
mm
wide, sparingly puberulent without, ciliolate, both bracts and bract-
lets firm, green or yellowish toward tip; calyx 2 cm. long, the seg-
ments oblanceolate, 4 mm.
wide, actitish, glabrous proximally,
to 6
puberulous distally, ciliolate, yellow; corolla ochre, 4 to 5 cm. long,
about 5 mm, broad immediately above the ovary, about 10 mm, in
densely
glabro
about 6 mm.long and 4 mm. wide, emarginate; stamens exserted 7 to
8 mm, beyond mouth of corolla, the filaments tomentose at and above
the insertion, thence sparingly pilose (the hairs up to 1.5 mm. long),
but distally glabrous, the anthers 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, the sacs
pubescent, the basal lobes ending in subulate spreading spurs about 1
mm. long; staminodes 15 mm. long, sparingly pilose; ovary and style
glabrous; capsule not seen.
Usually found in gardens but sometimes growing wild along
streams, possibly as an escape. Chiapas, Guatemala, El Salvador,
Colombia.
PuTUMAYo: Banks of the Rio Guamui5s between its mouth and San Antonio,
Cuatrecasas 11231 (US),
Tribe 2. Hygrophileae Nees
Hygrophileae Nees in Wall. PI. Asiat Rar. 3: 75. 1832.
Herbs or shrtibs ; flowers mostly crowded in the axils of the leaves

bracts usually small; calyx 4- or 5-parted; corolla ringent, 2-lipped,
the upper lip 2-lobed or rarely entire, the lower one 3-lobed; stamens
4,didynamous, one stamen of each pair sometimes rudimentary, in
some species 2 stamens only; anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel or
;
the basal lobes slightly divergent, these muticous or calcarate pollen ;
of the "Rippenpollen" type, the grains provided with pores, these on

or between the ribs; capsules cylindric, usually seed-bearing to the
base.
In this tribe, consisting of about six genera, HygropMla is the only
genus represented in the Western Hemisphere.
9. HYGROPHILA R. Bn
Eygrophila R. Br, Prodr. FL Nov* HoU, 479. 1810, The name comes from
iypos, wet, and Î'Xos, loving. Type species: Hygrophila anguBtifolia R. Br.
Herbs; flowers borne in axillary fascicles; bracts linear; calyx

segments 5, subequal; corolla tube cylindric, slightly ampliate, the
limb 2-lipped; stamens 4, didynamous, or 2 perfect stamens with 2
staminodes, the filaments of each pair united at base by a membrane
anthers 2-celled5 muticous or mucronulate; posterior stigma lobe
abortive; capsule oblong, nonstipitate ; seeds 4 to 18, or more.
The genus Hygropliila is cosmopolitan. Of the numerous species
described, only about 80 are now considered as valid.
1. Hygrophila guianensis Nees FiGTJEE 21

Hygrophila guianensis Nees, Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 034. 1845. Type coUected
in British Guiana by Schomburgk, second collection, 331 (291),
Hygrophila conferta Nees in Mart. Fl, Bras. 9: 21, 1847. Two cotypes are
cited, one collected '*Ad flumen Rio dos Indios grande," Brazil, by Pohl,
the other "prope Fazenda da Piedade" Sao Paulo, Brazil, by Sellow, The spe-
cific name conferta (dense, compact) probably alludes to the densely set
flowers and capsules^
Herbs up to 50 cm. high, sparingly hirtellous to glabrate ; stems ob-

tusely quadrangular, branching; leaf blades lanceolate, 5 to 15 cm,
long, 0,5 to 4 cm, wide, acuminate at both ends, entire; flowers sessile,
clustered in the axils calyx segments 5, lanceolate, about 5 mm. long,
;
white-margined, pilose; corolla white, purplish, or yellow {Garcia-

Barriga 11524), puberulent, the tube 5 mm. long, the upper lip biden-
tate, 2.5 mm. long, the lower lip 3-lobed ; stamens 4, didynamous, the
filaments of each pair united at base; capsules narrowly oblong, 1.2 to
1,4 cm. long, glabrous, 16- to 18-seeded.
Marshy regions along streams or on shores of ponds or lakes occur-
ring between sea level and 1,560 meters altitude, Mexico to central
Argentina,
Antioquia: Earbosa, Alfaro-P. 27 (US). MedeUIn, Archer 460 (US); 899
(US) Mesa 82 (US). Porcesito, Bro, Daniel 897 (US),
;
Caij)a.s: Roadside west of Armenia, Killip & Hazen 8637 (GH). Santa Elena
above Santuario, Penncll 10593 (GH, NY). Tabeja, west of Armenia, Pennell,
lailip, & Bazen 8630 (US).
Choc6 On the Ilfo San Juan between Istmina and Condoto, Qaraia-Barriga
:
11524 (Col).
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIAj I 59
CuNDiNAMARCA : La Mesa, Triana s, n, (Col). Road to Pacho, on the Rio Murca,

La Palma, Qarcia-Barriga 12390 (US), La Vega, P^rez-ArUlde;^ d Cuatrecasm
5369 (US)< Alban, San Jos6, P6rGZ-ArleUez 2380 (US).
Cauca El Tambo, von
: Sneidern 311 (S), Bank of Rio Palac^, north of Pop-
ayiin, Pennell d Killip 8270 (GH). Rio Micay, vicinity of Noanamito, Cuatre-
casas 14236 (US).
Figure 21—Hygrophila guianensis Nees (a, b, Archer 899; c, Mesa Tip of stem
82): a,
flower and calyx; capsule and calyx, (a, Natural
showing leaves and inflorescence; b, r,
size; J, f, twice natural size.)
Valle: Waste Haci-

enda El Trejo, north of Palmira, Qarcia-Barriga 6327 (US). Quebrada Neuva
Zarz^l, Cauca Valley, Pennell, Killip, d Ilazen 8493 (GH,
to Cuchilla, east of
Engaua, the Rio Digua Valley, Killip 34839 (US).
NY). Along the Rio in
Rio de San Juan below Queremal, Cuatrecasas 23866 (US).
Magdalena Pueblo : Bello, Bro. ApoUnar Angel 704 (US), Santa Marta, H. H.
Smith 89 (GH, Ph, NY, US),
Meta: Near Rio Guatiquia, vicinity of Villavicencio, Pennell 1551 (GH, NY).
PuTUMAYo: Bank of the Rio Putumayo between Guamu6s and Puerto Asis,
Cuatrecasas 11241 (US).

Pennell (NY). La Trinidad, LIbano,
Pennell
Without definite locality: Triana (Col, NY).
892G87— 51 5
;
60 CONTRIBUTION'S FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
DC
. 1847) collected from bank in Colomb
a river
Hooker Herbarium). Hygrophila nvularls is
H. guianensis
Hooker Herbarimn si)ecimen mi
Tribe 3. Petalidieae Lindau
Petal idieae Lindau in Bot. Jahrb. Eiigler 18 4o. 1893. In

: all, six genera belong
to this tribe. Of Blcchum only is native to America, the others oc-
these,
curring in the Old World. The tribe is based on Pctalidium,
a genus consist-
si>ecies
Herbs or shrubs: calyx 4- or 5-lobed; bracts or calyx

segments
large, conspicuous; corolla regularly 5-lobed; stamens
4, fused in
pairs at base of filaments and decurrent; staminodes none;
anther
lobes rounded or acute at base; capsules compressed,
the partitions
of the lobes parallel seeds usually 2 in each section.
;
Spikes quadrifarious calyx segments subequal, linear-subulate. 10.

;
Blechum
segments
11. Phaylopsis
10. BLECHUM P. Br.
Blcchum P. Br. Civ. Nat. Hist.

Jam. 261. 1750; Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 2G9.
1807. Blechum is a Greek name, more correctly applied to wild pennyroyal
(Mentha pnUghim L.) Type species RucUia hlcchum L.
Perennial herbs leaves petioled, crenate, repand-dentate, or entire

;
flowers borne in dense terminal spikes, the bracts

imbricate calyx ;
6-parted, the slightly unequal segments linear-subulate

corolla ^vhite ;
or purplish, the tube slender, the limb nearly equally 5-lobed

stamens ;
4, didynamous, the anther sacs parallel; ovules few in each cavity;

capsules broadly oblong with a short narrow base.
Although many species have been described from both the Eastern
and Western Hemispheres, the genus Blechum actually consists of
only about six tenable entities, these all native to tropical
America. A
close relationship exists between Blechum and Buellia,
but Blechum
can be recognized readily by its dense 4-sidcd spikes and very
small
flowers. In the few cases where confusion might arise,
the conclusive
test can be made by an examination of mature
capsules. In those
of Blechum the disseptiment breaks away from the capsule
wall as
in Dlcliptera, but in Raiellia it remains intact.
Coronas cm. long; bracts puberulous and pilose__

1.5 B. Irownei
1. t. puUrulutn
Corollas 2.5 cm. long bracts pilose
;
2. B. liaugktii
1. Blechum brownei Juss. f. puberulum Leonard Figure

Blcchum hrotcnei Juss. f. puberulum Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 32:
184. 1942. Type collected on dry roadbed alung bank of Jean
Rabel Eiver,
vicinity of Jean Rabel, Haiti, January 30, 1929,
by E. C. and G. M. Leonard
No. 12G9G. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1451437.
; , !
— .li
'
;
. ^
LEONARD: THE ACAXTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 61
Herbs; stems erect or ascending, 20 to 70 cm. high, the branches

slender, more or less pubcrulous leaves ovate, 2 to
; 7 cm. long, 1 to 5
cm. wide, acute or obtuse at apex, obtuse to acute at baê, glabrous to
sparingly pilose, thin, the cystoliths rather conspicuous spikes dense, ;
4-sided, 3 to 6 cm. long; bracts ovate, pinnately veined, 1 to 2.5 cm.

long, about 1 cm. wide, acutish at apex, rounded at base, loosely stri-
more
and
corolla white or purplish, a little longer than the subtending bracts
mm
mm. in diameter
dry, if moistened the edge bearing a densely set gelatinous band of
minute
forma puherulum Leonard {a, d, Archer 88; h, c, Archer

Figure 22. Blechum brownei Juss.
showing inflorescence and leaves; h, corolla; c, a pair of stamens;
1417): a, Tip of branch
Natural d, twice natural size; c, about three times
d, capsule and calyx, (fl, size; h,
natural size.)
Many
part
this form. Although widely distributed and in many places a com-
mon plant, the lack or presence of the puberulous bracts, character-
izing the form jmheruhim, is rarely mentioned in the numerous pub-

lished descriptions.
Open waste or cultivated places in either dry or moist situations.
Eastern and southern Mexico, throughout Central America, Panama,

;
62 HERBARimi
srnSouth America, and the West Indies. Also in Guam

and the PhiUppine and Caroline Islands.
Antioquia: Botero, Cauca Valley, Pennell 10974 (Ph). Medellln, Archer 14
(US) 88 (US). Granja de las Mercedes, Venecia, Guti6rrez-V. d Barkley
;
17C 523 (US). Puerto Berrlo, Archer 1417 (US) Pennell 3752 (NY, US). Be- ;
tween Rio Guapa and Le6a, Landa, Rivera, & Barkley 180 31G (US). Valparaiso,
Pennell 10798 (Ph, NY, US).
AtlAntico Hacienda Riodulce, Los Pendales, Dugand & Jaramillo 4164 (US).
:
Pioj6, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Ellas G7G (US) Hacienda Cachubaua, Usia- .
curf, Dugand d Garcfa-Barriga 2384 (US).

BoLfVAK: Cartagena, Bro. Hilarino Angel 97 (US). Sinc6, Pennell 4030 (NY).
Cauca: Rio Timbio, von Sneidern 2650 (S). Rio Timbiquf, Lehmann 654
(NY).
Choc6: Without definite locality, Triana s. n. (Col).
CuNDiNAMAECA : La Esperanza, Oarcia-Barriga 4702 (US). Mesa, Triana
s. n. (US).
El Valle: Buenaventura, Killip 5290 (Ph, NY, US). Cisneros, KilUp 11451
(GH). Cliffs of Rio Dagua, C6rdoba, KilUp 5078 (US). Cordoba, KilUp & Qarcia
33400 (US). Between Gordona and Puerto Cabuyo, Cuatreeasas 14510 (US).
igua Valley, Killip 34890 (US). La Trojita. on Rio
Cuatreeasas 1G334 (US). 18656
(US). Between Rio Agua Bonito and Rio Vieja, east of Zarzal, Pennell, Killip,
d nazcn 8572 (Ph, NY, US).
Huila: Natagaima, Rusly d Pennell 1178 (NY).
Magdalena: Mamacasaca, vicinity of Santa Marta, H. U. Smith 81 (NY).
Mamatoca, vicinity of Santa Marta, H. IT. Smith 2114 (NY, US) Masinga Vie.io, .
vicinity of Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1409 (Ph, NY, S). Papare, vicinity of
Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 81 (Ph, NY). Playa Barba, vicinity of Santa Marta,
H. H. Smith 81 (NY, US). Poponte. Magdalena Valley. Cvril Alle.n 841
Met
Santander: Puerto Wilches, Killip d Smith 14767 (NY).
Without DEFINITE locality: Triana s. n. (NY).
2. Blechum haughtii Leonard, sp. nov. FiGUHE 23

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel hirellis, inter-
dum bifarium hirtellis; lamina foliorum ovato-lanceolata, a^îce acuta
vel acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, tenuis, leviter
serrata, supra pilosa, subtus parce hirtella; petioli tenues, hirtelli;
spicae breves, terminales; bracteae dense imbricatae, ovatae, apice
acutae, pilosae et ciliatae, leviter serratae; bracteolae lanceolatae,
subintegrae, ciliatae segmenta lanceolata, acuminata, ciliata
; caljcis
corolla purpurea, hypocraterif ormis, minute pubescens capsulae ovoi- ;
deae, puberulae.
Herbs up to 30 cm. high or
more; stems subquadrangular (the
angles rounded) glabrous, hirtellous, the hairs sometimes arranged in
,
two lines; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 8 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide,
acute or acuminate (the tip itself sometimes blunt), narrowed at base
and decurrent on the petiole, thin, shallowly serrate, the upper surface
moderately pilose, the hairs 1.5 mm. lonff, curved, the lower surface
sparingly hirtellous ) mm
cm. Ion
er inconspicuous petioles 1 to;
1.5
about 2 cm. lone; and broad bracts imbricate ;
17 mm. long, 11 (or mmthe uppermost somewhat smaller),

pilose and ciliate bractlets lanceolate,
acuminate o7 acute at apex, ;
mm
corolla purple, hypocrateriform, finely pubescent, 2.5 cm. long, the
broad, the throat b mm. mm
rounded, aboul
road, the limb about 12 mm. broad, the lobes ovate,
stamens included capsule ovoid, puberulous
mm. lonir and broad ; ;
Figure 23— Bkchum haughiU Leonard {HaugU 4976): Tip of branch showing inflores-
a,
cence; h, cross section of stem; c, portion of inflorescence showing bract, bractlets, calyx,
and ovary; d, calyx, {a, Half natural size; h, c, natural size; d, twice natural size.)
TvT3e in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950441, collected from

Quebrada
meter
Oscar H
Blechum
lum Leonard by its pilose leaf blades and bracts and large corollas
(2.5 cm. long instead of 1.5 cm.) Its closest relative

.
is B. costanceme
Oerst From
margins plainly serrate
by its relatively narrower leaf blades, their
instead of entire, and by the more slenderly acuminate bracts. The
them) of B. costaricense are as much
as 12 cm. long and 4 cm. wide..
DOUBTFUL SPECIES
Blechum angustius Nees
4G7. 1847. Type collected at
Blechum angustius Nees in DC. Prodr. 11:
Colombia, January to February 1826, by Billberg, No. 1,
Cartagena, Bolivar,
deposited in the Berlin Herbarium.
Billberg's No. from
A careful examination of isotype material of 1,
several traits; the seeds are

the Stockholm Herbarium, discloses
stronfflv muricate, the corollas have 2 stamens and are bilabiate, and
bark These
classed
T etramerium.
11. PHAYLOPSIS Willd.
Willd Sp. PI. 3: 342. 1801. The derivation of Phaijlopsis is some-

what obscure, but the name may possibly come from <i>av\ot, mean, common,
and Hfis, appearance. Type species: Phaylopsis payviflora Willd. Type
locality: India.
Perennial branching herbs; leaves petioled, opposite, ovate, entire

or crenate; spikes terminal, dense, the flowers secund bracts
orbicular, ;
closely imbricate, usually subtending 3 flowers bractlets

none sepals ; ;
5, the posterior one ovate, veiny, the others linear-subulate; corollas

small, the tube slender, cylindric, the 5 lobes rounded,
subequal sta- ;
mens 4, didynamous, the anthers S-celled, the cells parallel, the base
mucronate; style and stisrma
g from the b
of j^ - . _ J
v^^.jv.^^v^., ,,j.j.i,j,j jJXivoc TVllCil llnJiaLCliCU.
The more species comprising the genus
ten or are found chiefly in
Africa, Asia, and India.
1. Phaylopsis parviflora V^îlld. Figure 24

1800. Type locality : India.
Prostrate or ascending much-branched herbs up to 40 cm. high;
branches quadrangular or terete toward base, more or less puberulous,
the hairs up to 175 /^ long, retrorsely curved, confined chiefly
to the
angles, the smaller branches pilose, the hairs more or less spreading,
white, some of them as much as 3 mm. lonj?: Ipa.f blnrlpa nvafp nr. fr.
cm
obtuse) narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, undulate,
,
sparingly pubescent on both surfaces, the cost a and lateral veins

(5 or
6 pairs) very slightly prominent petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, the pubes-
;
much
stem
or 2 cm. in width, their petioles often long-pilose spikes
numerous, ;
terminal and lateral, compact, up to 4 cm. long and 1.5 cm.

broad, the
flowers and bracts crowded and more or less secund
peduncles 4 or 5
mm ;
mm
bracts suborblcular, up to 8 mm. long and 10.5 mm. wide,
rounded or
obtuse at tip, truncate at base and short-petioled, thin,
reticulate-
veined, glabrous or sparingly pilose, the margins
ciliate, some of the
mm
posterior segment of the calyx ovate, 8 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, obtuse
-.
_ r j; ,
'i^\ ^
glabrous
mm
7 mm. lonji, 0.75 mm
pubesce
mucli
as 2 mm. long, some of them gland-tip

mm. long, the tube slender, about 1 mm
middle part about 0.5 mm. broad, the uj
mm
smaller
mm
mm thick, pointed, nar-
glabrous except the tip, this sparingly
rowed to a short stipitate base,
valves scarious seeds flat, suborbicular,
puberulous, the sides of the ;
mm
mm. long
Apollinaire Branch, showing

"F"):
Figure li.-Phaylopsis parvifiora Wllld. {Bro. «,
corolla; d, capsule; e, capsule dehisced, {a. Natural

inflorescence and leaves; h, calyx; c,
size; h, d, e, iwlce natural size; c, 2H times natural size.)
Thickets in pastures. India, Madagascar, and tropical Africa. The

record of the plant occurring
specimens cited here constitute our first
in America.
Meta: Kestrepo, Oarcia-Barriga 5181 (US). ViUavicencio, Bro. AppolUnaire
(US).
Tribe 4. Ruelueae Neea
Wall intRar. 3:75. 1832.
Herbs
sometimes spicate and subtended
or in cymes, often forming panicles,
mauv
purple, white, red, or rarely greenish, sometimes rudimentary (the

flower cleistogamous), the limb regular or sublabiate, the
tube
more
cose, the lobesrounded, sometimes emarginate; stamens 4, didyna-
mous; anthers 2-celled, the cells equal or nearly so, the basal lobes
usually muticous; capsules clavate to subcylindrical, more or less flat-
tened, 2- to many-seeded, the lower portion narrowed and sterile;
seeds discoid, usually brown, often apparently glabrous when dry
but
variously musilaginous-pubescent when moistened.
The tribe consists of about 15 genera. Only one of these is rcpre-
Colomb
12. RUELLIA Plum, ex L.
Ruelha Plum, ex L. Sp. PL 634. 1753; Gen. PL cd. 5. 238.

1754. Named in
honor of I. De la Ruelle, a French licrbaHst. Type species: R.
tuherosa L.
Dipieracanthus WalL PL Asiat. Par. 3: 75. Usually herbs, the flowers
1832.
axillary, solitary or produced in fascicles,
sessile or short-peduncled, the
uppermost flowers forming a raceme, the bracts often large and leaflike,
the
bractlets none or few and inconspicuous, the stamens
included. The name
IS derived from diirrepos,
2-winged, and aKavOo?, referring to the genus
Acanthus. Type species: D. ciliaius Nees. Tvpe locality:
Prome, Burma.
Aphragmia LindL Nat. Syst. ed. 2. 444. 1836. Meaning
obscure. Type
species: A. haenkei LindL Type locality: Mexico.
Cryphiacanthus Necs in Del. Sem. Hort. Verat. 1841. Derivation:
Hp{j<Pio,,
hidden, and &Kavdos, the genus Acanthus. Type species: C. barhadensts
Nees. Type locality: Barbados.
Scorodoxylum Nees in Benth. PL Hartw, 236. 1846. Meaning
of name obscure.
Type species: S. har^wegianum. Type locality: Mexico.
Stemonacanthus Nees in Mart. PL Bras. 9: 53. 1847.
Derivation: ar^^wu,
stamen, and &Kaveos, the genus Acanthus. Type species: S. sahiaefolius
Nees. Type locality: Brazil.
Arrhosiox7jlum Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 57. 1847. The group consists of more
or less suffrutescent herbs with quadrangular stems,
repand or crenate leaf
blades,and conspicuous flowers borne in thyrsi terminating slender dichoto-
mously branched peduncles (the peduncle sometimes simple, terminated
by
a head), the bracts deciduous, the corollas narrowly infundibular, the
stamens
exserted. Derivation: &ppuaTos, weak, and ^vXov, wood or stems. Type
species: A. laxum Necs. Type locality: Brazil.
Perennial herbs or shrubs; leaves petioled, entire, undulate, or

rarely dentate ; flowers usually large and showy, solitary or
clustered
m the axils or borne on terminal cymose panicles; calyx usually
5-parted, the segments often narrow; corolla red, yellow, white, or
purple (usually mauve), funnelform or salverform, sometimes sac-
cate, the tube usually narrow below, the upper portion more or less
campanulate, the limb of 5 obtuse spreading lobes stamens 4, didyn- ;
amous, the anther sacs blunt at base; stigma lobes unequal; capsules
oblong or clavate.
^ - I
— « h
;
"T
Leonard: thei acanthaceae of Colombia, r 67
KEY TO THE SPECIES

A. Inflorescence paniculate, the flowers borne on simple or dichotomously
branched peduncles.
Flowers borne in hoadlike clusters, these terminating the peduncles.
1. iS. fulgida var. angustissima
Flowers borne on dichotomously branched peduncles.
CJorollas white.
Peduncles diehotomous
flattened, pilose, once 2. R, toUmensis
Peduncles subterete, essentially glabrous, 2 to 3 times diehotomous.
3. R. potamopfiila
Corollas red, pink, purple^ or mauve.
Calyx more or less glandular-pubescent.
Corollas large, the limb 4 cm. broad 4. R. malacosperma
Corollas small, the limb 1 to 1.5 cm. broad.
Peduncles slender, 12 cm. long or more, glabrous 5. R. chariessa
Peduncles short, 3 cm. long or less, more or less pubescent.

Capsules cylindric 6. R, paniculata
Capsules clavate 7. R. inundata

Calyx glabrous or, if pubescent, the hairs eglandular.
Corollas mauve, the limb about 4 cm. broad 8. R. tuberosa
Corollas red, the limb about 3 cm, broad or less.
Calyx segments thin, obtusish, shorter than the calyx tube.
Stems, peduncles, pedicels, and the under surface of the leaf blades
glabrous or sparingly puberulous 9. R, macrophylla
Stems (at least the upper portions), peduncles, pedicels, and the
under surface of the leaf blades densely and softly puberulous.
9a. R. macrophylla var. puherula
Calyx segments firm, linear or subulate, gradually narrowed from
base to a slender tip, longer than the calyx tube.
Plants grayish puberulous 10- R- Ori sea
Plants not uniformly grayish puberulous.

Lower surface of the leaf blades densely pubescent.
11, R, iscJinopoda
Lower surface of the leaf blades essentially glabrous.
Calyx segments 3 mm, long
'.
12. R. caucensis^
Calyx segments 8 mm. long 13. R. rusiyi
A. Inflorescence spicate, axillary, or if paniculate, not borne on slender peduncles.

B. Rachis short, thick, conelike after the falling of the bracts and flowers
various parts of the plants bearing small resinous scales.
Flowers borne in panicles.
Corollas yellow, the stamens exserted about 2 cm. beyond the mouth of
the corolla tube, the filaments strongly curved; corolla lobes about
1 cm. long longifilamentosa
14. R.
Corollas red, the stamens exserted about 1 cm, beyond the mouth of the
corolla tube, the filaments straight or slightly curved; corolla lobes
usually 2 to 3 cm. long 15. R. hum'boldtiana

Flowers borne in a terminal spike subtended by numerous large leafy bracts.
Corollas large, 4 to 8 cm. long.

Plants strongly hirsute 16(1. R. tubiflora var. Jiirsuta
Plants glabrous or more or less puberulous.

Corollas white with purple throat
16b. R. tuMflora var. tetrastichaniha t Ucolor
68 HERBARIUM
Corollas uniform in color.
Corollas pure white 16a. R. tulifiora var. tetrastichantha
Corollas not white.
Endemic in Costa Rica ; corollas yellow,
16c. E. tuhiflora var. tetrastichantha f. flava
Species of Panama and Colombia; corollas crimson, lilac, or red.
16. R. tuhiflora
Corollas small, 4 cm. long or less.
Corollas pale violet IGe. R. tuhiflora var. parviflora
Corollas white IGt R. tuhiflora var, parviflora f. alha
B. Rachis various or lacking, not short, thickish and conelike.
Pubescence of the inflorescence or at least that of the calyx lobes consisting
in part of glandular hairs.
Plants glandnlar-puberulous 17. iJ, lorentziana
Plants glabrous or sparingly pilose, only the calyx bearing scattered
minute glandular hairs 4. R. malacospcrma
Pubescence eglandular.
C. Stems glabrous, puberulous, or pilosulous.
Corollas mauve.
Capsules clavate, puberulous; flowers axillary.
Leaf blades oblong to lanceolate corollas 2.5 to 3 cm. long.
;
18. R, geminiflora
Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate ; corollas 4 to 5 cm long.
18a. R, geminiflora var. angustifoUa
Capsules cylindric, glabrous or the calluses bearing a few hairs; in-
florescence verticillastrate, forming a naked interrupted spike.
19. R, ohtnsa
Corollas red, white, greenish, or pink.
Bracts bright red 20. R. colorata
Bracts green.
Plants 4 to 5 meters high loaf blades large (up to 30 cm. long and
;
17 cm. wide) corolla pale green

; 21, R. viridiflora
Plants one meter high or less; leaf blades smaller (16 cm. long
and 6 cm, wide or less) corolla blue, white, violet, or pink.
;
Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at bnse.^ 22 R. pcnncllii

Leaf blades ovate, rounded or obtuse at base— 23. R, colomhiana
C. Stems or at least the uppermost portions densely pilose.
Flowers borne in terminal spikes, the bracts imbricate.
Spikes 3 cm. long or loss; calyx 8 mm, long; leaf blades 8 cm. long
and 3.5 cm. wide or less 24. R. aquatica
Spikes as much as 12 cm, long; calyx 4,5 mm. long; leaf blades up
to IG cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide 25. R. lasiostachija
Flowers borne in axillary bracted clusters.
Leaf blades oblong, elliptic, 12 cm. long or less_„- 26. i2. pntumayensis
Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 24 cm. long 27. R, uriiei
1. Ruellia fulgida Andr. var. angustissima (Hochr.) Leonard, comb, nov.

Arrhostoxylinn fulgidum Nees var. angnstissiminn Hochr. Bull. N. Y, Bot.
Gard. 6: 287. 1910. Type collected at La Paila, El Valle, Colombia, April
1853, by Holton, No, deposited in the herbarium of the New York
590,
Botanical Garden. Isotype in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew.
I
I r
Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants; stems quadrangular, sulcate,

pubescent or glabrate, the hairs minute and curved leaf blades lance- ;
olate,sometimes falcate, usually 5 to 9 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, slen-

derly acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decur-
rent on the petiole, both surfaces glabrous or sparingly pilose or the
densely
obscured
hairs; petioles usually 0.5 to 1 cm. long, glabrous or more or less
plubescent flowers sessile or subsessile, borne in heads at the tips of

;
slender curved quadrangular axillary peduncles up to 11 cm. long,
these glabrous or sparingly pilose, the cystoliths prominent; flowers

spvpral to a dozen or more in each head: bracts OU.-i.V...-^-.;^ the heads
K,..,^^^^^ subtendins:
,
leaflike, up to 3 cm. long and 8 mm. wide bractlets triangular to ob-

;
lanceolate, 2 to 4 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, glabrous or pubescent;

calyx 4 to 8 mm. long, puberulous, some of the hairs glandular, the seg-
ments linear, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide; corolla red, glabrous or puberulous
toward base, the tube funnelform, curved, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 5
to 7 mm. broad at mouth, the lobes ovate, 7 to 10 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm.
wide, rounded at tip; stamens exserted to about 5 mm. beyond the
mouth of the tube, the anthers oblong, 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide cap- ;
sules 12 or 13 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, 8-seeded, puberulous, pointed at

tip, the solid stipitate base about 4 mm. long and 1 mm. broad ; retina-
cula slender, curved, about 2 mm. long; seed (immature) flat, orbicu-
lar, 1.5 mm. in diameter.
A sheet of Lehmann's No. 4739 in the Berlin Herbarium (photo in
U. S. National Herbarium) bears in Lindanes handwriting an appar-

ently unpublished name.
from the typical form R. f
Tna differs
the narrowness of the leaf blades and the shortness of the
chiefly in
petioles. As Hochreut
7
and the petioles 2 to 8 cm. long. The height of the plant can scarcely
examine
H
sheet of Lehmann's No. 4730 bears the following legend "Straucher :
dunnen, bei 1 m. hohen Stangel, Blat. ." The plants.

are prob-
.
ably erect when young, the stems ascending or even becoming pro-
cumbent with age.
Damp thickets or woods. Colombia, Venezuela, and Tobago.
CuNDiNAMARCA : Bogota, Bro.
Viciiiity of Arisfc-JoscpJi, s. n. (US). Hacienda
Paramillo, between Guaduas and Alto de Aguaclara, Garcia-Barriga 12322 (US).
Santandersito, Silvano-J. 178 (GH). Tenasuca, Triana s. n. (Col, NY, US).
Antioquia: Dabeiba, LcJimann 4739 (US).
El Valle: La Paila, Bolton 599 (NY).
Santaxder: San Gil, Bro. Anionio-Miguel 121 (GH1.
Without locality: Lchmann 4739 (US).
—
70 CONTRIBUTION'S FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

2. Ruellia tolimensis Leonard, sp. nov. FlGUBE
Herb I vel suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, leviter sulcatis,

angulis anguste alatis, ciliatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, apice
acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, glabra, costa et
venis pilosis ;
pedunculi complanati, ciliati, dicliotomo-ramosi ; brac-
teae angustatae, oblongae, pilosae; pedicelli graciles glabri; calycis
segmenta subulata, ciliata corolla alba, glabra, leviter curvata, ventri-
;
cosa, lobis ovatis vel ellipticis, rotundatis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae;

marffinibus madefact
acute curvata.
Figure 25. Ruellia tolimensis Leonard {Cualrecasas 10529a): a, Leaf; h, portion of upper
surface of leaf showing cystoliths; c, nodal region of stem and inflorescence; d, enlarged
portion of peduncle to show flatness, wings, and pubescence; e, flower;
/, stamen, {a, c.
Half natural size; h,f, about twice natural size; d, 2}^ times natural size; e, natural size.)
Plants lierbaceous or suffrutescent stems quadrangular, sliallowly

;
sulcate, the angles narrowly winged, the wings pilose, the hairs barely
1 mm. long, the cystoliths minute ; leaf blades oblong-ovate,
up to 17
cm. long and 7 cm. wide, ratlier slenderly acuminate, narrowed at base
and decurrent on the petiole, thin, sliallowly crenate, glabrous except
the costa, lateral veins (10 pairs), and the margins, these pilose, the
hairs about 0.6 mm. long, spreading or subappressed petioles up
to ;
3 cm. long, minutely pilose flowers borne on axillary dichotomously

;
branched peduncles, these up to 11 cm. long to the first fork, flattened,

tlie edges pilose with white spreading hairs 0.5 mm. long,
the secondary
. ;;
-^
peduncles 1.5 to 3 cm. long, flattened or obscurely quadrangular

,75
mm
mm. lonsr and 4 mm
usually smaller, the margins pilose ;
pedicels slender, up to 14 mm. long,
glabrous calyx 8 to
; 10 mm. long, divided nearly to base, the segments
subulate, 0.75 to 1 mm. wide at base, ciliate, the hairs about 0.25 mm.
long; corolla 2.5 cm. long, white, glabrous, the lower portion of the
tube slightly curved, about 2 mm. broad from base to 5 mm. above
bfise, thence gradually enlarged to 7 mm. at throat, the enlarged por-
tion slightly ventricose, the lobes ovate or elliptic, about 8 mm. long
and 5 mm. wide, rounded, shallowly to rather deeply emarginate sta- ;
mens barely exserted; capsules clavate, glabrous, 1.5 cm. long, the
solid stipitate base about 6 mm. long, the seed-bearing portion about
3 mm. broad, each capsule usually maturing 4 seeds, these ovate, flat-
tened, about 3.5 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad, the margins puberulous
retinacula slender, sharply curved or bent at an angle.
Type in the National Herbarium of Colombia, collected in pasture
lands at Armero, in the Magdalena Valley, Department of Tolima,
Colombia, 400 meters altitude, October 6, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No.
10529a). Fragment of type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No.
1854310. The name alludes to the Department of Tolima, where the
type was procured.
RueJlia tolimensis is closely related to R. potamophUa but can be
separated by the pilose peduncles, these once instead of 2 or 3 times
hrnnrhftd- and bv the more numerous veins of the leaf blades (10 pairs
instead of 8)
Ruellia potamophila Leonard, sp. nov. FlQTJKE 26

3.
Suffrutex, caulibus subquadran glabris, tumidis.

perspicue cystolithigeris ; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, apice
mteirra
amosi 5
minute
teae inf imae supremae
f oliosae, parvae, spathulatae vel lineares pedi- ;
celli parce pubescentes vel glabrati calycis segmenta subulata ; corolla ;
alba, glabra, hypocrateriformis, leviter ventricosa, lobis ovatis, ro-
tundatis vel emarginatis capsulae clavatae,

; glabrae, stipite gracili.
Suffrutescent herbs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular,

glabrous, the nodes swollen, the cystoliths numerous and conspicuous
cm. lonfr and b.5 cm
narrowed at base, glabrous, entire or shallowy crenate, the costa and
lateral veins (8 pairs) rather prominent, the cystoliths prominent;
petioles up to 2 cm. long ; flowers borne in lax dichotomously branched
cymes, the peduncles up to 8 cm. long, subterete, the primary branches
3 to 4 cm. long, the others relatively shorter, all terete and, like the
:
72 RBARIUM
peduncles, glabrous or sparingly and minutely pubescent, th

spreading lower bracts leaf like, deciduous in some plants, tlie
;
most bracts spathulate or linear, 5 to 10 mm. long pedicels 2 to

;
pubescent or glabrate calyx 7 :
glabrous, the segments

glabrous slender, 2 mm
funnelf orm, slightly ventricose, 8 mm. broad at mouth, the lobes ovate,
6 to 8 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, rounded or shallowly emarginate, the
stamens included capsules 2 cm. long, glabrous, the stipe slender, 8 to
;
9 mm. long, the seed-bearing portion oval, 5 mm. broad, 4:-seeded,

pointed.
Figure 26. Ruellia potamophila Leonard {a-f, Killip 34747; Cualrecasas 1S03S): a.
g,
Nodal region and leaf showing under surface; b, cross section of stem; c, portion of leaf
blade (upper surface), showing arrangement of cystoliths at juncture
of costa and a vein;
d, Inflorescence; e, cross section of peduncle;/, calyx;
g, corolla, (a, d, Half natural size*
h, c, f, g, about natural size; e, about four times
natural size.)
Type in the U. S. NationalHerbarium, No. 1771543, collected in

dense forest along the Eio Engaiia, Rio Digua Valley, Department
of
El Valle, Colombia, 675 meters altitndf^. Anrll 9. tn d. iq'^.o t^.. t? "p
Kill Also represented bv
LEONARD : THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 73
Calbas: Santa Cecilia, 800 meters altitude, von Sneidern 5075 (Cli).
on the left bank of the Rio Digua, 900

El Valle Woods at Piedra de
;
INIoler,
(US). Below Queremal, along the Rio San

to 1,180 meters, Cuatrecasas 15035
Juan, 1,300 to 1,500 meters altitude, Cuatrecasas 23047 (US).
Ruellia pofa?7wphila related

is in a general way to E. macrophylla,
subulate calyx segments,
but it is distinguishable by its wliite flowers,
peduncles. The name potamophila
and narrowly winged ciliate
loving) alludes to the plant's predilec-
{iôraixb,, river, and 4>i\ko^,
growing on banks of streams and rivers. It is usually found
tion for
in densely wooded regions.
4, Ruellia malacosperma Greenm.

malacosperma Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 572. 1899. Type col-
Ruellia
680G
Herbac
leaf
blades narrowly oblong, acute or obtusish at apex, narrowed at base

cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide, rather
and decurrent on the petiole, up to 13
iirm
marflfins
cystoliths numerous and conspicuous under a lens; petioles up to 2
flowers borne on once to twice dicho-
cm, long, sparingly long-pilose;
up to 8 cm. long, their branches
tomously branched peduncles, these
and glabrous, bearing conspicu-
4 to 2 cm. long, all subquadrangular
the ultimate forks flower-bearing; bracts linear, about
ous cystoliths,
1 cm. long and 1.5 mm. wide at base or the uppermost smaller, all
the base, the

glabrous ;''calyx 13 to 15 mm. long, divided nearly to
segments subulate, 1.25 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to tip
on or near the margins, some of

and bearing minute scattered hairs
5.5 cm. long, minutely pubescent,
the hairs gland-tipped; corolla
gradually narrowed to
mauve, the tube about 4 mm. broad at base,
mm
somewliat
long and broad; capsules narrowly
the lobes oval, about 1.5 cm.
8- to 20-seeded, glabrous or the apical calluses
clavate, 23 cm. long,
mm
mm
mucil
2 mm. long, slightly curved.
nous-pilose when moistened; retinacula
collections in the U. S. National Herbarium,
The majority of the
In fact, the distribution
including the type, are from cultivation.
cannot be definitely established. It is,
of the species in its wild state
Mexico. The specific name comes
however, probably a native of
seed, in allusion to the silky appressed
from and^TrepMa,
iJLa\aK6s, soft,
pubescence of the dry seed or even possibly to the spreading

velvety
mucilaginous pubescence of the moistened seed.
The plant cited below was collected on roadside in a cultivated
hacienda at 1,000 meters altitude, July 4, 1943.
Cauca: Between Gordona and Puerto Cabuyo, Ciiafrccasas 14530
(US).
Leonard Figure
Herba vel suffrutex caulibus quadrangularibus, plus
minusve pub-
escentibus. angulis rotundatis; lamina, foliorum
oblongo-elliptica,
apice subacuta, basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, integra vel
leviter crenata, glabra vel in costa parce
pubescentes pedunculi grac-
;
iles,plus minusve curvati, glabri, quadrangulares,

dichotomo-ramosi,
bracteae oblanceolatae, apice rotundatae, basi
angustatae, glabrae;
glanduloso-puberulus, segmentis anguste
com anduloso puberulenti corolla purpurea, hypo-
;
crateriformis, limbo glabro, tubo pubescente

stamina inclusa cap-
;
;
sulae graciles, clavatae, glanduloso-puberulentes

semina purpurea,
;
plana; retinacula curvata, subulata.

Shrub or suffrutescent herb; stems quadrangular, more or less
pubescent, the hairs weak, upwardly curved or appressed, the angles
rounded; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 20 cm. long and 7.3 cm.
wide, acutish at tip, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
entire or shallowly crenate, drying dull green, glabrous or the
costa
inconspicuously pubescent beneath, this and lateral veins (10 or 11
pairs) rather prominent, the cystoliths numerous and
conspicuous
under lens; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, pubescent; flowers borne in
1 to 3 times dichotomously branched panicles terminating slender, more
or less curved,glabrous quadrangular peduncles up to 16 cm. long,
the secondary branches up to 3 cm. long, the others successively
shorter,
all slender, quadrangular, glabrous or the uppermost
finely pubescent;
bracts oblanceolate, rounded at apex, narrowed at base,
unludate or
lowermost pair 16 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, the others
mo
puberulous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the segments
narrowly
lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a bluntish tip,
the costa more or
less prominent; pedicels flattened, up to 2.5 mm. long, sparingly
glandular-puberulous corolla purple, 2 cm. long, the lower half
;
of the tube slender, cylindrie, 1.5 mm. broad, finely and inconspicu-
mm
mouth
short, mcluded; capsules slenderly clavate, about 13 mm. long, pub-
erulous, some of the hairs gland-tipped, the slender
sterile basal
portion about 7 mm. long and 1 mm. broad at base, enlarainrr in 1 9?1
—
^'1 -.
mm. at base of seed-bearinor cavity, this flattened and about 3 mm

mature* round, flat. 2 mm
diameter
mm, loner, the slender tm more
U. S< National Herb
Colombia, 50 meters
ily 2, 1946, by Oscar Hau 'No. 4920). Aniso-
U. S- National Herbariun
FiGURE 27, Ruellia chariessa Leonard {Haught 4929): «, Node, leaf, and inflorescence;
by cross section of peduncle; c, portion of leaf to show cystoliths; d^ portion of inflorescence

showing bracts and calyx; ^, calyx and capsule; /, glandular hairs of calyz; g, corolla,
(a, Half natural size; t, about five times natural size; c, e, g, natural size; d, twice natural
size;/, about eight times natural size,)
Ruellia chariessa is a Tvell-marked species apparently with no close

Colombia. Haught states that it has the leaves
relative, at least in
red beneath and is probably a widespread species. The name
chariessa means graceful or pleasing.
892687—51 6
^«.
f '
. 'A -t-
^
A-^
\^-:^
76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUIVI
6, Ruellia paniculata L.
Rtiellia paniculata L, Sp. PI. 035. Linnaeus based his species on a
1753,
brief description published in Hortus ClilTortianus (p, 313) and on Sloan's
description and figure (Cat. Jam. p. 59 and Hist. 1: 158. pL 100, fig. 2). The
name was suggested by the large spreading panicles so conspicuous in mature
plants,
Ruellia paniculata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 239. 1817, Type collected at
Turbaco, Bolivar, Colombia. Ruellia paniculata L. is cited as a synonym,
rhotograph No. 39433, of the Paris Herbarium sheet, is in the U, S, National
Herbarium,
Ruellia viscosa H, B, K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 239. 1817. Humboldt bases his
description on plants he collected *ln ripa fluminis Apures*' and **in
sylvis Orinocensibus justa pagum Qirichana."
Dipteracanthus paniculatiis Nees in DO. Prodr, 11: 142. 1847. Based on
Ruellia paniculata L.
Dipteracanthus turhaccnsis Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 143. 1847. Type collected
by Humboldt at l\irbaco, Colombia, deposited in the Wilidenow Herbarium.
Ruellia turbacensis Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b: 309.
1S95. liased on Ruellia paniculata H. B. K.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants; stems up to 1 meter high, erect,

ascending or sometimes procumbent and rooting at the nodes, the
pubescence a mixture of minute grayish hairs and longer glandular
ones; petioles slender, 1 to 4 cm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong-
ovate, 3 to 17 cm. long and
cm. wide, obtuse or acute at
1.5 to 6.5
apex, abruptly narrowed at base, glandular-pubescent, grayish-puberu-
lous or glabrate; inflorescence axillary, divaricate or ascending, dicho-
tomously branched; bracts leaflike, glandular-pubescent, those sub-
tending the flowers 2 to 10 mm. long and 1 to 4 mm. wide; calyx 1 to
1.5 cm. long, glandular-pubescent^ the segments linear-subulate, un-
equal; corolla blue, finely pubescent, 2 to 4 cm. long, the lobes oval,
C to 7 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, the limb 1 to 1.5 cm. broad; capsule
cylindric, 10 to 13 mm. long, 2 mm, in diameter, erect, pointed,
glabrous, 8-seeded seeds ; flat, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, mucilaginous-
pubescent when moistened.

Vernacular name: Culantro {Bro, Elms 720).
A strong penetrating rather unpleasant odor is often associated with
the living plants ('Tlanta hedionda," Dugand <& Jaramillo 4091).
In Atlantico, Dugand states, the plants often grow in scattered col-
onies in dry thorny thickets.
Thickets and waste places in general. Usually found in dry situa-
tions from to 200 meters altitude. Mexico to northern South Amer-
ica and the West Indies.
Atlantico: Barranqiiilla, EUas ^^^ (US) Bro.PaulBM (US) 42 (US).
i?ro, ; ;
Juan ]\Iina, Dugand 10G3 (US) Dugand & Jaramillo 4091 (US). Miramar,
;
vicinity of Puerto Colombia, Dugand 3(>33 (US). Between Molinero and Arroyo
de riodras, Dugand & Garcia-Dârrlga 2545 (US). Hacienda El Paraiso along
the liio Ma^dalena between Palmar de Varela and Ponedera, Dugand & Garcia-
Barriga 2445 (US), Piojo, vicinity of Parninquilla, Bro, Ellas 720 (US).
f . »_ 4
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ I 77
Ponedera, Dugand & Jaramillo 2740 (US). Puerto Colombia, Bro. Ariste- Joseph
A946 (US) BarkJeij d GutUrrez 1834. (US) Bro. Elias 821 (US) 1375 (US).
; ; ;
Savanilla, Donnell Sviith s. n. (US). Hacienda Cachubana, Usiacurl, Dugand d

Garcia-Barriga 23(y2 (US).
Bolivar: Cartagena, Bro. Hcribcrto 303 (US) 304 (US) Penncll 4728 (NY).
; ;
Tierrabomba, vicinity of Cartagena, BiUbcrg 3 (S). Turbaco, Pennell 4743 (GH,

NY, US),
Magdalena: Cignaga, TL H. Smith 1359 (Pb, Mo, NY,
vicinity of Santa Marta,
US). Goajira on the Rio Rancheria, Eaught 4021 (US). Palmas, Haught 4706
(US).
7. Ruellia inundata H. B. K.
Ruellia inundata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 239. 1817. Type collected
on the banks of the Rio Magdalena near Mompox and Badillas, Bolivar or
Magdalena, Colombia. The banks of the Magdalena in this region are
subject to overflow, hence the specific name imindata, in spite of the fact
that the plants are more likely to be found in very dry situations. They
seem to be partial to limestone soil.
Ruellia alMcaulis Bertero in Spreng. Syst. 2: 822. 1825, The type of this
species was collected also along the Rio Magdalena in Colombia. It was
so named because of the whitish glabrate stems (at least the lower por-
mature plants.
tions) of the
Aphragmia Juienlcei Lindh Nat. Syst. 444. 1836. Type collected in Mexico by
Ilaenke,
Dipteracantlius hacnkei Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 141. 1847. Several specimens
are cited. Among these are Cuming's No. 1103, collected "in oris occidentali-
bus Columbiae et Panamae," and Bertero*s specimen from Santa Marta
(Berlin and De Candolle herbaria), A
fragmentary specimen is in the her-
barium of the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants up to 2 meters high stems simple ;
or branched, the tips glandular-pilose, the lower portions becoming

\Yhitishand glabrate; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate, up to 15
cm. long and 7 cm, wide, acuminate at apex, acute or rounded at base,
denticulate, repand-crenulate or subentire, hispidulous or occasionally
grayish-pubescent beneath; petioles up to 9 cm. long, pilose; inflores-
cence axillary, erect or ascending, dichotomously branched, some-
times forming a dense cylindric panicle, glandular-pubescent bracts ;
oblong, 3 to 8 mm. long, to 1 to 3 mm. wide; calyx 8 to 15 mm. long,

glandular-pilose, the segments linear; corolla purplish, pubescent,
2 to 2.5 cm. long, the lobes rounded, about 5 mm. wide, the limb 1 cm,
broad; stamens included; capsules clavate, 8 to 9 mm. long, 3 mm,
wide, flattened, pointed, glabrous, 2- to 4-seeded; seeds flat, ovate,
mucil
cent when moistened.
las
Found along roadsides, on open slopes or in fields in cither dry

or moist situations. Mexico, Central America, Colombia, and Brazil.
AtlAntico: Arroyo de Megua, Dngand d Jaramillo 2797 (US). BarranquiUa,
Bro. Paul B36 (US). Hacienda El Paraiso, on the banks of the Hie Magdalena
;
between Palmar de Varela and Ponedera, Dugand & Oarcia-Barriga 2436 (US).
Pioj6, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 707 (US) 746 (US). Puerto Colom- ;
bia, Barldcy <& Qumrrez-V. 1S35 (US) Bro. Elias 857 (US) 1155 (US) 1385
; ; ;
(US) s. n. (NY). Playa de Miramar, vicinity of Puerto Colombia, Dugatid

;
3680 (US) 4014 (US). Savanilla, Donnell Smith s. n. (US).

;
BolIvar: Cartagena, Billherg (S). La Popa, vicinity of Cartagena, Billberg

(S) Darbin s. n. (S). Sinc§, Fcnncll 4028 (GH, NY, US).
;
Magdalena: Barroblanco, Haught 4751 (US). Codazzi, Haught 3864 (US).

Don Jaco, //. H. Smith 1410 (Mo, NY, Ph, US). La Paz, Haught 3930 (US).
Santa Marta, Bcrtero s. n. (Mo).
8. Ruellia tuberosa L.
Ru cilia tuhcrosa L. Sp. PI. 035. 1753. The name tuberosa alludes to the
thickened fusiform roots. These are especially conspicuous on living plants
but usually inconspicuous in herbarium specimens. Type locality Jamaica :
Ruellia clandestina L. Sp. PL 634. 1753. The species was based on cleisto-
gamous material, hence its name clandestina (concealed or hidden), alludin or
to the minute abortive corollas. Cleistogamy is exhibited in other members
of the genus. Type locality Barbados. ;
Cryphiacanthus barbadcnsis Nees in DC. Prodr. 11 107. 1847, in part. Based

:
on Ruellia clandestina and R. tuberosa. In his treatment of C. bariadensis

Nees cites a number of nomina nuda found on herbarium sheets, representing
a considerable geographical range, including Colombia, several of the West
Indian Islands, Peru, Guiana, Mexico, Virginia, and Carolina. Some of this
material is undoubtedly Ruellia nudifiora (Engelm. & Gray) Urb. or some
of its varieties or even other species.
Eoots thick-fibrous or fusiform stems erect or ascending, usually

;
branched, obscurely quadrangular, pilose or glabrate, bearing numer-

cm
abruptly
petiole, undulate-crisped, rather thick, sparingly pilose or glabrous,
the cystoliths numerous; flowers one to several, borne in erect or
ascending dichotomous cymes, the peduncles up to 4 cm. long, glabrous
or pilosulous, obscurely quadrangular; bracts linear, 3 to 8 ram. long;
pedicels 5 to 10 mm. long, puberulous or glabrate ; calyx 15 to 28 mm.
long, the tube very short, the segments narrowly linear or subulate,
ciliate or glabrous, often spreading; corolla showy, mauve, 3 to 6 cm.
mm
broad at mouth, the limb 2 to 4 cm. broad, the lobes suborbicular, 12
mm
glabrous, the stigma lobes unequal capsules cylindric, 17 to 20 ram.
;
long, 3 mm. broad, acute at apex, glabrous except the pilosulous callus
mm
appearing glabrous when dry, mucilaginous-pilose when moistened.
Vernacui^r NAiviEs: Yuca Garganta-
(
1075)
In dry situations the plants seldom exceed 35 cm. in height, but in
wet places they may reach the height of 1.5 meters {Metcalf 30019).
Its bright mauve flowers make it a very attractive plant. Durin**
— KW^-- -i^
r^
— , ;
abundance of blossoms is produced, but

times At these times
produces an almost pure crop of cleistogamous
andy
loam. Partial to both dry and damp situations. West
South America. It has been reported from Florida, Mexico,
Central Ameri specimens have been exam-
from these rcg
Antioquia: Between Medellfn and Antioquia, Mefcalf 30019 {Mo, US).
BoLfVAB: Cano Papayal, vicinity of Estrella, Lands of Loba, Curvan 415 (GH,
US). 100
EoYAcl: Valle de Soata, Cuatrccasas 1088 (US) 1119 (US). ;
Cundinamabca: Girardot, Penncll & Rushij 1G7 (GH, NY). La Mesa to San
Javier, Garda-Barriga 12137 (Col) 12148 (US). ;
Huila: Vicinity of Natagaima, Riisly & Pennell 11G3 (GH, NY).

Magdalena: Gaira, vicinity of Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 746 (GH, Mo, NY,
Ph, US). Santa Marta, rdrez-ArheUez 4890 (US). Bio Frio, Santa Marta,
Walker 1205 (Mo, US). Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, BarMey & Araque 20
(US); 21 (US).
Meta Llano de San Martin, Triana s. n. ( Col )
:
Norte de Santander: Aguacaliente de San Luis (Ciicuta), Miguel de Gar-

ganta-Fdhrega 1075 (Cli). Vicinity of Ciicuta, KiVip & Smith 20978 (US).
Petrolea (cultivated at Orlando, Florida), Foster 2300 (US).
Touma: Tocaima, Pdrez-Arheldez 2471 (US). Rio Magdalena, vicinity of
Mariquita, Triana (Col, US).
Without locality: FuncJc & Sehlim 694 (NY),
9. Ruellia macrophylla Yahl
Ruellia macrophylla Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 72, pi. SO. 1791. Type collected at
Santa Marta by Rohr. Photograph of type in the U. S. National Herbarium,
No. 22212.
Sfemonacanthus macrophyllus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 205. 1847. Based in
part on Ruellia macrophylla Vahl. Nees cites, among other collections,

Rohr's Santa Marta specimen (Vahl Herbarium) and Goudot's specimen
(Hooker Herbarium).
meters
rangular, glabrous or sparingly puberulous; leaf blades ovate to
to
cm
nate, ending in a blunt tip, rounded or narrowed at base, decurrent
on the petiole, undulate or shallowly crenatc, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous petioles 2 to 6 cm. long, sparingly puberulous or glabrous
;
flowers few, borne on axillary peduncled cymes, the peduncles 4

to 18 cm. long, the branches of the cyme 1 to 8 cm. long, these and the
peduncles glabrous or sparingly pilosulous, broadest at the nodes,

often with a flower in the forks bracts subtending the;flowers lanceo-
late, 2 to 7 mm. long and about 1 mm. wide, those subtending the
branches of the inflorescence somewhat larger, all glabrous or spar-

ino-lv nnhfriilonR: nedicels 1 to 4 mm. lonsr; calvx about 1 cm. long,
.
narrowly campanulate, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs, the

to mm, loner and 2 mm
base, acute to obtusish at apex ; corolla scarlet or crimson, 4 to 5 cm.
long, sparingly puberiiloiis, tlie tube salverform, about 8 mm. broad at
mouth, the limb 2.5 to 3 cm. broad, the lobes oblong, about 12 mm.
long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, rounded or emarginate ; ovary glabrous ; style
up to 4.5 cm. long, pilosulous; capsules clavate, 14 mm. long, 4 mm.
mm
long and 2 to 2.5 mm. broad, glabrous, 16-seeded; retinacula bidentate
at apex; seeds reddish brown, lenticular, 3 mm. broad, appressed-
puberulous when dry, mucilaginous-pubescent with spreading hairs
when moistened.
Damp shady places, in woods or thickets, often along streams or in
ravines. Panama, West Indias, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and
Peru
Atlantico: Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 788 (US). Hacienda Rio Diilce,
Los
Pendales Diigand & Jaramillo 4155 (US). Piojo, vicinity of Barranquilla,
Bro
Elias m5 (US).
EoUvab:Sahagtin, Fcnnell 4115 (GH, NY). Tierra Alta, along the Rio Sinii,
Penncll 4178 (in part) (Gil, NY). Turbaco, Bro. Hcrilcrto 460 (US).
Magdaxena: Agua Dulce Road, vicinity of Santa Marta, //. H. Smith 381
(GH, Mo, NY, m, US). Agua Frfa, north of CliiriguanA, Hanght 3050
(US).
El Reeuerdo, Santa Marta mountains, Niemeijcr 27 (US) Minca, Bro. ApolUnar-
.
Angcl 515 (US). Poponte, Cyril Allen 865 (Mo). Rio Magdaleua, Daicc
789
(US). Santa Marta, Bcrtero s. n. Mo) Romero 257 (Mo).
i
;
Oa. Ruellia macrophylla Vahl var. puberula Leonard, var. nov.

A forma typica caulibus et pedunculis puberulentis et lamina
foliorum subtus dense puberula recedit.
Erect subherbaceous plants up to 2 meters high; stems (at least
the upper portions), branches of the inflorescence, and lower surface
of the leaf blades densely and softly puberulous, the hairs straight or
about 0.25 mm. loner. In otlier
respects similar to the typical form.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, _ .. , ^ ..
forest on sandstone soil near Codazzi, Department of Magdalena )
Colombia, 300 meters altitude, October 15, 1943, by Oscar Haught

(No. 3746). An isotype is also in the U. S. National Herbarium
No. 1709428.
The flowers, according to Haught, are bright red and very showy.
H
B piibescens
6
DC. Prodr. 11:205, 1847.
. ;
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF "COLOMBIA, I 81
flowered form of B. macrophylla has been found in

Venezuel
grisea Figure 28
Siiffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, angulis acutis vel anguste

alatis, puberulis ; lamina f oliorum ovata, apice subobtusa, basi obtiisa
vel rotundata, griseo-puberula petioli puberuli

;
pednnculi quadran- ;
giilares, dichotomo-ramosi, puberuli flores secundi;bracteae triangu- ;
lares; pediceli graciles, puberuli; calycis segmenta subulata, pube-

rula ; corolla rubra, hypocraterif ormis, glabra, lobis ovatis^ rotundatis
stamina inclusa.
Figure 2i.—Ruellia grisea Leonard {P^rez-Arheldez &

Cuatrecasas 8336): «, Tip of branch;
i, cross section of stem; c, cross section of peduncle; d, portion of inflorescence to show

dichotomous branching; e, bract subtending fork of inflorescence;/, bractlet and calyx;
calyx, ovary, and stigma, {a. Half natural size; h, d, e, natural size; c^ about V/2 times
J,
natural size;/, g, twice natural size.)
meter
more, erect or ascending, sulcate, quadrangular, the angles sharp or
narrowly winged, puberulous, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, spreading
or retrorsely curved; leaf blades ovate, up to 7.5 cm, long and 5 cm.
wide, obtusish at apex, obtuse or rounded at base, entire or undulate,
^Ruellia macrophylla Vahl var, lutea Leonard, Tar. nov,

A forma typica coroUa lutea recedit.
Type In the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1855197, collected near Eancho
Grande, Parque Nacional, State of Aragua, Venezuela, 800 to 1,000 meters alti-
tude, March 18, 1943, by E. P. KiUip (No. 37107)
The leaf blades of the type of the variety are oblong-ovate, slenderly acuminate,
rounded or abruptly narrowed at base, and decurrent on the petiole, the margins
crenate, the under surface rather densely puberulous, the hairs curved and about
0.25 mm. long. KiUip states that the plant is a shrub, 1.6 meters high, branched
above, the branches lax and the coroUa bright yellow.
both surfaces densely gray puberulous, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long;
petioles up to 2 cm. long, puberulous flowers secund on dichotomously
;
branched peduncles, the peduncles from base to first fork up to 7 cm.

long, quadrangular, puberulous, the primary and secondary branches
5 to 15 mm. long, sulcate and densely puberulous, the ultimate branches
sometimes forming short racemes bracts leaflike but much smaller,
;
deciduous bractlets narrowly triangular, up to 2 mm. long pedicels

;
;
slender, 4 to 5 mm. long, puberulous; calyx 3 to 3.5 mm. long,

puberulous, the segments subulate corolla red, glabrous, about 22 mm.
;
narrow portion of the tube 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad at base,

long, the
narrowed to 1.5 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 8 mm. at mouth,
slightly ventricose, the limb about 1 cm. broad, the lobes ovate, 7 mm.
long, about 4 mm. wide, rounded; stamens barely reaching tip of
corolla lobes, the anthers 3 mm. long and 1 mm. broad ; ovary cylindric,
3 mm. long, glabrous; style about 8 mm. long, glabrous; stigma lobes
linear, one 1 mm. long, the other 1.5 mm. long, both 0.25 mm. wide.
a thicket on a dry savanna between Gigante and Rioloro, Department
of Huila, Colombia, 820 to 860 meters altitude, March 19, 1940, by
E. Perez-Arbelaez and J. Cuatrecasas (No. 8336).
Ruellia grisea is characterized by its crowded red flowers, secund
on dichotomously axillary peduncles, and by the fine gray pubescence.
From this last character the species derives its specific epithet.
11. Ruellia ischnopoda Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 29

Herba vel suifrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, parce vel dense
pubcscentibus, angulis acutis vel anguste alatis; lamina foliorum ovata
vel elliptica vel oblonga, apice breviter acuminata, basi angustata vel
rotundata, in petiolum breviter decurrens, Integra vel leviter crenata,
supra minute parce pubescens, subtus dense pubescens pedunculi
et
;
quadi-angulares, angulis acutis, pubescentibus; pedicelli graciles,

pubescentes vel glabrati; bracteae oblongae, angustatae, deciduae;
calyx parce et minute pubescens, scgmentis subulatis; corolla hypo-
crateriformis, rubra, curvata, ventricosa, lobis ovatis, obtusis vel levi-
ter emarginatis; stamina exserta; antherae lineares, curvatae; cap-
sulae anguste clavatae, glabrae; semina plana, brunnea, marginibus
madefactis dense mucoso-puberulentis.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, up to 1 meter high; stems erect or
ascending, quadrangular wîth sharp or narrowly winged angles, spar-
ingly to rather densely pubescent, the hairs curved to straight and
spreading; leaf blades ovate to elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 7 to 14 cm.
long, 3 to 7 cm. wide, short-acuminate, narrowed or rounded at base
and briefly decurrent on the petiole, entire or shallowly crenate, the
upper surface sparingly pubescent, the lower densely so, the hairs
—
Leonard: thei acanthaceae of Colombia^ i 83
about 0*5 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (8 or 9 pairs) fairly
prominent, the cystoliths of the upper surface, if not obscured by the
hairSj prominent; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm. long, pubescent flowers borne j
on axillary dichotomously branched peduncles up to 14 cm. long,

sharply quadrangular, straight or curved, pubescent, the hairs about
0.5 mm, long, the secondary peduncles, if present, about 1.5 cm. long,
quadrangular, pubescent; pedicels slender, about 1 cm. long, finely
Figure 29. Ruellia ischnopoda Leonard {a^ h, e, Haught 2364; d, Cuatrecasas 19710): a^
Tip of stem, showing leaves and inflorescence; b, small area of leaf blade (upper surface)
showing cystoliths; c, cross section of peduncle; i, capsule and calyx; e^ stamens, (a, d^
Natural size; i, e^ about three times natural size; c, about seven times natural size.)
and rather sparingly pubescent or glabrate bracts at tip of the pedun-

;
cle narrowly oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm. long and 1.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, early
deciduouSj the smaller bracts, subtending the branches of the inflores-
cence, narrowly spathulate or linear, about 1 mm. wide calyx 8 mm. ;
long, sparingly and minutely pubescent, the segments subulate, about

7 long and 0.75 mm. wide at base, the cystoliths apparent corolla
mm. ;
bright red, salmon, or scarlet (Rusby & Pennell), about 3 cm. long,
. :
84 CONTRIBXJTIOIVS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
glabrous or minutely and sparingly pubescent toward base, the tube

narrowly funnelform, curved, ventricose, about 1 cm. broad at moutli,
the lower unexpanded portion about 1 cm. long and 2 mm. broad, the
lobes ovate, about 15 mm. long and 9 mm. wide, obtuse or emarginate at
tip ; stamens exserted about 5 mm. beyond the mouth of the tube, the
be
minute
stigma narrowly linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wude;
capsules narrowly clavate, 1.5 to 2.2 cm. long and 4 mm. broad,
glabrous, the narrow solid stipe 5 to 8 mm, long and nearly 2 mm.
broad seeds flat, 3 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad, brown, the margins
;
densely white gelatinous-puberulous when moistened.

U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1706762
the Rio Totare near Palmarrosa, Colombia
October 18, 1938, by Oscar Ilaught (No. 2364) Also represented by .
Cauca: El Tambo, voti Sncideni 2043 (S).

CuNDiNAMARCA Fusa^'asug^, iJo/ôn 25 (NY).
:
El Valle: Ansermu to Yotoco, Lchmann 3335 (US). El Carmen, Cuatrecasas

10710 (US).
Huila: EI Gigante, Bro. Ariste-Joscph s. n. (US). Vicinity of Neiva, Rusl)y
d PenncU 10G9 (GH, NY) 1104 (GH, NY). ;
Touma: Ihame, HoUon wo i:sY)

WiTDouT DEFINITE LOCALITY : MuHs 440 (US) ; 1498 (US).
Ruellia ischnopoda is related to R. rumanu (Nees) Lindau, a Pe-

ruvian species, but can easily be separated by its smaller and rela-
it
tively narrower and less shaggily pubescent leaf blades. The bracts
and calyces of Peruvian relative are, moreover, strongly hirsute
its
instead of sparingly and minutely pubescent as in R. ischnopoda. The
New York sheet of Ilolton 600 from Colombia bears the name R.
ruiziana in Lindau's handwriting; yet Helton's collection resembles
the specimens cited here under R. ischnopoda much more closely than
it does the authentically named
material of R. ruiziana from Peru (in
U S. National Herbarium). The epithet «sc7mc»/?0(^/a comes from
tVxi'os, weak or feeble, andTrous, foot or stem, in allusion to the slender
weak pedicels.
12. Ruellia caucensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 30

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel ad nodos parce
bifariam pilosulis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice acumin-
ata, basi angustata, crenata vel leviter dentata, glabra vel in costa et
venis prominentibus parce pubescens; pedunculi graciles, glabri, com-
mmusv
glabri; calyx parvus, segmentis subulatis, ciliolatis; corolla rubra,
glabra, ventricosa; stamina exserta; antherae lineares; capsulae
clavatae, glabrae.
.
" i f*-.
E I 'm
Stem subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly and bifariously pi-

losulous near nodes; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 12 cm. long and
4 cm. widej slenderly short-acuminate, (the tip itself blunt to acute)
rather firm, crenate or shallowly dentate, glabrous or the costa of the
upper surface bearing a few small hairs, both costa and lateral veins
(6 or 7 pairs) prominent; cystoliths prominent under a lens; petioles
1 to 2 cm. long, glabrous or the margins ciliate; flowers several, borne
in subcapitate clusters or on short bifurcate branches terminating the
Figure 30.^Ruellia caucensis Leonard {von Sneidern 2647): a, Node and inflorescence;
h,cross section of stem; c, enlarged

leaf; d, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) showing
cystoliths; e, inflorescence to show dichotomous branching; f, cross section of peduncle;
calyx and pedicel; h, stamens* {a, c, Half natural size; J, e, natural size; dy g, A, twiec
g,
natural size;/, about three times natural size,)
long slender peduncles, these up to 15 cm. long, glabrous, flattened,

narrowly winged, more or less curved, the branches, when present, 5
to 15 mm, long; bracts linear-lanceolate, 14 mm. long, 4 mm. wide or
less pedicels 5 mm. long, slender, glabrous calyx 5 mm. long, glab-
;
;
seerments
mm
the tube cylindric and about 2 mm, in diameter for about 7 mm. of
.
its length, thence enlarged to a ventricose funnelforra throat about

1 cm, broad, the limb 3 cm. broad, the lobes oblong, 14 mm. long and
8 mm. wide, rounded ; stamens exserted about 5 mm. beyond the mouth
of the corolla tube, the anthers linear, 3.5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm.
wide ; style slender, exserted about 2 cm. beyond the corolla tube ovary ;
glabrous; fruit not seen.

Type herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected in
in tlie
wôods along the Rio Timbio, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 1,100
meters altitude, September 15, 1938, by Kjell von Sneidern (No. 2647)
A specimen collected by Triana, s. n. (S) in the vicinity of Popayan,
,
Cauca, also represents the species.

Ruellia caucensis is closely allied to R. ischnopoda^ from which it
differs chiefly in its glabrous character and in its much smaller calyx.
13. Ruellia rusbyi Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 31
Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, angulis rotundatis, glabris

vel ad nodos parce pubescentibus; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
apice acuminata, basi angustata, glabra, costa et venis prominentibus,
petioli glabri; pedunculi recti vel curvati, infra complanati, superne
quadrangulares, glabri, 1- vel 2-ramosi; bracteae lineares; pedicelli
glabri; calyx glaber, segmentis lineari-subulatis, apice subobtusis;
corolla punicea vel rubra, curvata, hypocrateriformis, glabra, lobis
rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; semina
plana, ovata, madefactis dense mucoso-puberulis; retinacula subcucul-
lata, apice truncata, plus minusve lacerata,
Suffrutescent herbs; stems quadrangular (the angles rounded),
glabrous or bearing a few small hairs at or near the nodes; leaf
blades oblong-elliptic, up to 15 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, acuminate at
tip, narrowed at base, ratlier thin, drying dark olive or blackish,
glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) rather prominent,
the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens, 0-25 mm, long, straight or
nearly so; petioles 0.5 to 10 cm* long, glabrous; flowers borne in
axillary peduncled cymes, the peduncles 10 to 12 cm. long, straight
or slightly curved, flattened toward base, quadrangular toward tip,
glabrous, once to twice branched at tip, both branches and flowers
produced at the nodes, the secondary peduncles up to 12 mm. long,
quadrangular, glabrous, the lowest node subtended by a pair of linear
leaflike bracts 8 to 12 mm. long and 4 mm, wide, their margins un-
dulate, the bracts subtending the secondary peduncles linear, about
4 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, glabrous; pedicels (mature) slender, 12
mm. long, glabrous; calyx 10 mm. long, glabrous, the cystoliths
numerous and prominent under a lens, the segments linear, 8 mm*
long, 1 mm. wide at base, obtusish at tip; corolla pink or red; capsule
I-
>^- ' 7 i
I
-fT^
LEONARD: THEi ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 87
seeded, the seed

mm. broad at middle, the narrowed solid
base and 2.5 mm. wide at base of cavity ; seeds
(immature) cordat about 3 mm. in diameter, gelatinous-

flat,
moistened; retmacula linear, 2.5 mm

truncate and lacerate.
1000)
Figure 31.
cross section of stem; portion of leaf blade to show cystoUths;
a, Tip of branch; b, c,
peduncle; capsule;/, stamen, {a, Half natural size; b, natural size; c,

d, cross section of e,
twice natural size; three

about 1^2 times natural size; d, four times natural size; e, /,
times natural size.)
e Gray Herbarium, collected in

Huila, Colombia, 1,300 to 1,800
y H. H. Ru&by & F. W. Pennell (
A
in the U. S. National Herbarium
mm
Rusby and Pennell's No. 510 (NY) collected east of Neiva,
,
TOO
to 1,500 meters altitude, and No. 548 (NY), collected in the same
meters altitude, also represent the
general region, 1,200 to 1,700
species.
"inishyi In their general appear-

d
dily
rated.
^ ..-Stead
10 mm.
as in R. nishyi), the channels of its petioles are definitely
pubescent, and the leaf blades are shallowly dentate instead of un-
dulate or entire, drying to a lighter olive-green.
14. Ruellia longifilamentosa Lindau
Rucllia longifilamentosa Lindau, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus, (Weio) 16: 72.

1001. Type coUected in Cauca by Karsten.
Shrub up to 3 meters high; stems quadrangular above, terete below,

gray-tomentose, the hairs about 0.5 mm. lon^r leaf blades oblonn-ovate.
;
up to 14 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, acuminate at apex (the tip itself
blunt), more or less abruptly narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, the margins entire or undulate, the upper surface finely pubes-
mm
the lower surface densely velvety pubescent, the hairs spreading.
d vena-
tion prominent beneath, less so above; petioles up to 2 cm.
long,
tomentose; flowers borne in short racemes up to about 3 cm. lone
cm
and broad, its branches softly and finely pubescent, the lowermost up
mm
long, retrorsely curved, the pedicels up to 5 mm. long, finely pubescent,
leaving prominent scars after falling, thus giving the rachis
a conelike
appearance calyx finely pubescent and resin-dotted, the tube about 1
;
ments
acute at tip, densely pubescent, the hairs about 100/. long,
spreading
or recurved ; corolla yellow, densely pubescent except at base,
the hairs
straight and spreading, up to 150 long, intermixed with resinous
{jl
discs, the tube 3 mm. broad at base, gradually

enlarged to 3 mm. at 2
mm. above base, thence abruptly expanding to 1 cm. at mouth, the en-
mm
rounded and emarginate at tip, their margins ciliolate; stamens long-
exserted at maturity, the filaments attached near base
of expanded
part of tube, about 3 cm. long, strongly curved, glabrous
or sparingly
mm. loner. 2 mm
puberulous and resin-dotted, the style about 3.5 cm. long, sparingly
and minutely pubescent capsule clavate, 2 cm. long, 7 mm. broad
;
and
mm. thick, finely and densely puberulous, bearing interspersed,
minute
Ifil
yellow flowers and
its
long exserted, strongly curved stamens. In his comments on the spe-
* t
Leonard: the acanthaceae of Colombia^ i 89
cies, Lindau states that he is unable to relate this species to any

other Ruellia. It should, however, be near R. humboldtiana and R.
tubijlora^ as indicated by its conelike rachis,
Found at altitudes between 1.050 and 1,550 meters, in Cauca and
Cundinamarca.
CuNDiNAMAKCA Finca La Esmeralda, Vereda Torriba, San Francisco, Qar-
:
cla-Barriga 10998 (US). Hacienda Cnriche, El Feii6n, between Rio Bunque and
Rio Murca, Qaroia-Barriga 12478 (US).
15. Ruellia humboldtiana (Nees) Lindau

Stemonacanthus huniboldtianus Nees in DC, Prodr. 11: 206. 1847. Nees' de-
scription is based on Humboldt's No. 709, collected at the Hacienda Mate-
rolla, Aragua, Venezuela, and deposited in the Berlin Herbarium, A
photograph of this specimen is in the U. S. National Herbarium, No, 18210,
As a Greekdetter variety, Nees also cites here Linden's No. 1520, which he
examined in the Hooker Herbarium, A photograph of an isotype in the
Vienna Herbarium (U. S. National Herbarium, No. 32745) portrays an
apparently glabrous plant with thin elliptical leaf blades, acute to obtusish
at apex, and a small slender few-flowered thyrse. This Linden specimen
might well represent an undescribed species.
Ruellia htimholdtiana Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 3GG, 1893. Eased pre-
sumably on Stemon acanthus Jium'boldtianus Nees.
Suffrutescent herbs; steins obscurely quadrangular, glabrous or the

nodes and tips puberulous leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate or oblong-
;
elliptic, 4 to 15 cm, long, 2.5 to 8 cm, wide, acuminate (the tip itself
obtuse), acute or rounded at base and decurrent on the petiole, un-
Hiilntp. hnfli Riivfarps nilosulous. the hairs confined chiefly to costa and
mmu
cm
^—-^ ' r
from several to 20 or more
the rachis conelike, minutely puberulous; bracts lanceolate, about as
long as the calyx, often deciduous; calyx 9 to 12 mm. long, puberulous.
mm
at base; corollas pink, red, or bright carmine, salverform, minutely
pubescent, up to 6 cm- long, the tube slightly curved and ventricose,
mm
enlarged to about 12 mm. at mouth, the limb up to 5 cm. broad, the
lobes oblong-ovate, up to 3 cm- long and 8 to 9 mm. wide near tip,
emarginate; btamens exserted; capsules clavate, puberulous, gland-
mm
rather bluntlv pointed, narrowed
mm
mm
Eoadsides, borders of damp wôods or thickets, and in open places
in general. Found usually between 100 and 820 meters altitude.
Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Meta: Camino de Restrepo to Cumaral, Qarcia-Barriga 5126 (US). Woods
of the Rios Ocoa and Apiay, Llanos Orientales, Bugand & Jaramillo 3113 (US).
.
90 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Villavicencio and vicinity, Bro. ApoUinaire s. n. (US) Cuatrecasas 4536 (US)

;
;
Hauffht 2458 (US) KiUip 34361 (US) Pcnnell 1G30 (NY) P6rcz-Arl)cJdeii 50
; ; ;
(US). Tres Esquinas Mill, Villavicencio, Helen Schieferl^l (GH).

NoKTE DE Santander Santa Librada, Quebrada de la China, a tributary of the
:
Rio Cubugon, region of Rio Sarare, Cuatrecasas 12976 (US).

Vaup^s: Calamar on the Rio Unilla, Cuatrecasas 7317 (US). Caiio Topore,
valley of the Rio Apaporis, Cuatrecasas 7075 (US)
Vichada: Vicinity of San Jos(§ de Ocune, Haught 2812 (US); Hermann
10942 (US).
16. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K.

Ruellia tiihiflora H. B. K. Nov. Gon. & Sp. 2: 241. 1817. Tji)e collected on
shaded bank of Rfo Magdalena near Honda; Tolima, Colombia. The
specific name alludes to the long tubular flowers.
Scorodoxylum liartwegianum Nees in Benth. PI. Hartw. 236. 1846. Type
collected in a shady place near the village of Guaduas, BogotS, Colombia, by
Hartweg.
Ruellia ptirdieana Hook. Bot. Mag. Curtis 73: pi. 1,298. 1847. Named in
honor of Purdie and based on cultivated material. The type may possibly
have been grown from seed collected by Purdie in the Santa Marta region of
Colombia.
Arrhostoxylum liartwegianum Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 209. 1847. A new
combination based on Hartweg's specimen from Guadas.
Ruellia stuchelii Lindau in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: 377. 1896. Type collected
in the vicinity of Honda by Stuebel, No. 6Sa.
Suffriitescent herbs up
meter high stems ascending, subquad-
to 1 ;
rangular, glabrous, or puberulous at tips and nodes, the upper portions

bearing minute glandular scales leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 6 to 24 cm.
;
long, 6 to 9 cm. wide, more or less abruptly acuminate at apex

(the
tip itself blunt) , narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire,
undulate or shallowly crenate, glabrous, both surfaces bearing minute
semitranslucent reddish glands, or, in absence of these, minute pits, the
glands and pits more conspicuous on the lower surface than on the
upper, the cystoliths (upper surface) numerous, slender, minute, the
costa and lateral veins (7 to 9 pairs) fairly prominent; petioles 1 to
3 cm. long, glabrous or puberulous ; inflorescence a short terminal spike
subtended by leafy bracts 2 to 5cm. long and 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, the
rachis conelike, 5 to 12 mm. long, bearing 4 rows of conspicuous scars
after the falling of bracts and flowers bractlets triangular, 1 to 2
;
mm. long; pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long; calyx up to 15 mm. long, gland-

dotted, the segments lanceolate, 3 to 14 mm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide,
glabrous or puberulous; corolla crimson, lilac, or red, sparingly
puberulous, gland-dotted, about 4 cm. long, the tube infundibular,
curved, 1 to 1.5 cm. broad at throat, the limb about 3 cm. broad, the
lobes oval or suborbicular, 1 cm. long or more, spreading; anthers
slightly exserted, sagittate, 3.5 mm. long; capsule clavate, 15 mm.
long, about 8 mm. broad, puberulous or glabrate, gland-dotted, the
solid basal portion 3 to 4 mm. long and broad, the retinacula curved,
.
". -T^
LEONARD; THEi ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 91
slender, 5 mm. long, seeds 8 or more, flat, orbicular, 5 mm* in diameter,
1 mm. thick, appressed-pilose when dry, mucilaginous-pilose when

moi
^
corolla, in the type and abundance of the pubescence, and in the rela-
tive size, shape, and texture of the leaf blades* On the other hand, it
is very constant in the type of inflorescence, the presence of the minute
glandular scales, dots, or pits on various parts of the plant, especially

the leaf blades, calyx, bracts, and capsules, and in the presence of the
large leaflike bracts supporting the flower cluster. The typical form
is glabrous or more or less puberulous and produces large purple or
reddish flowers. White-flowêred plants from Costa Kica wêre called

R. tetrastichantha by Lindau* This name is often applied to the
white-flowered plants of Colombia as well as to those with purple-
throated corollas. produce yellow flowers (Costa
Still other plants
Rica), others, small white or purple ones, and one Colombian plant,
although producing large white flowers, is strongly hirsute. These
variations are here given varietal or form status.
The leaf blades of some of the specimens examined {Cuatrecdsas
10529) are thin, drying green, but those of others {Ariste- Joseph
A973) are thickish and turn blackish on drying. This variation might
possibly be due to a difl'erence in habitat, the thin-leafed plants grow-
ing in shaded regions and the thick-leafed ones in more open situations.
Damp forests or thickets at lower elevations (400 to 450 meters)
Panama, Colombia.
BOLfvAB: La Popa, vicinity of Cartagena, Billherg s. n. (S).
HuiLA: Rfo Saldaiia to Natagaima, Rushy d Pennell 250 (GH, NY).
Meta: Susiimoco, vicinity of Vinavicencio, Triana s. n. (Col).
TOLiMA Armero, Cuatrecasas 10529 (US), Honda, Bro. Ariste-Joseph A973
:
(US)- Rio Seco, above Honda, Jlolton 282 (GH) Triana s.n. (Col).;
IGa. Ruellia tublflora var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard, comb. nov.

Rif cilia tetrastichantha Lindau in Pittier, Prim, Fl. Costar. 2: 300. 1900.
The type of R. tetrastichantha was collected on the bank of the Rio Cor-
rozal near Santo Domingo de Osa, Costa Rica, April 1S9G, by A, Tonduz, No.
9984. The name tetrastichantha (rerpa-, four, and <jtIxos, a row or rank)
alludes apparently to the short conical axis of the spilê, this bearing four
rows of conspicuous scars after the fall of the flowers and bracts.
Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs up to 4 meters high stems subquad- ;
rangular, glabrous or puberulous toward tip, the hairs minute, brown-

ish, curved ; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 7 to 18 or oc-
casionally 25 cm* long, 2.5 to 9 cm. wide, acuminate, sometimes
abruptly so (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on
the petioles, the margins entire or shallowly crenate, both surfaces
glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (8 or 9 pairs) brown-puberu-
lous; calyx segments subulate to linear-lanceolate, up to 2 cm. long;
892687—51—7
: ;
corollas pure white, 6 to 8 cm. long, f unnelform, the mouth 1 to 2 cm^

broad, the limb 2 to 3 cm. broad; capsules about 2 cm. long and 1 cm.
broad.
Wet forests or thickets, often along roads and trails or on banks of
streams. Generally found at lower altitudes. Costa Eica, Panama,
Colombia.
CUNDiNAMAKCA Jerusalem, P6re;s-Arheldcz 576 (US).
:
Oauca La Costa, El Tambo, von Sncidern SG4 (S).

:
Meta: Villavicencio, Cuatrccasas 4535 (US) 4631 (US) CollcctorF 188 (US).
; ;
Santanuek: Vicinity of El Iloble, KilUp d Smith 19359 (NY, US).

16b. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard, f. bicolor
Leonard, f. nov.
A forma typica corolla grandis alba forcibus purpureis reccdit.

Shrub or suffrutescent herb 1 to 2 meters high, essentially glabrous
leaf blades oblong-ovate, 10 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm. wide, slenderly
and more or less abruptly acuminate, the tip often curved and blunt,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin to subcoriaceous,
the costa and veins (about 10 pairs) prominent, especially beneath;
petioles 1 to 2.5 cm. long; corolla about 9 cm. long, white with blue,
violet, or purple throat, sparingly puberulous, the tube funnelform,
curved, 2 to 3 cm. broad at mouth, the limb 4 to 5 cm. broad, the lobes
suborbicular, rounded or emarginate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long and broad;
^ about 6 mm. broad, blunt at tip ; seed
brown, about 5 mm. long and broad, densely appressed-pilose ^
dry.
Type in the U.
National Herbarium, No. 170G866, collected t
S.
stream at Villavicencio, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 600 m
altitude, January by Oscar Haught (No. 2569)
29, 1930, . The follow-
ing collections also represent the new form
BOYACA: El Humbo, Latcravce 504 (GH, Mo. NY, S).
Meta: Monte de Machadero, Ocoa, vicinity of Villavicencio, Hermann 11117
(US). Sitio de Montenegro, on the Guayuriba Road between Villavicencio
and
Ocoa, Dugand d Jaramillo 2920 (US). Villavicencio, KilUp 34354
(US).
Borders of damp thickets and woods or along trails and roads.
Found at elevations of about 500 meters. Endemic. The name bi-
color alludes to the purple-throated white corollas.
IGc. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard f. flava
Leonard, f. nov.
A forma typica corolla flava recedit.

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs up to about meters high; leaf
1.5
blades oblong-elliptic, 15 to 25 cm. long, 8 to 10 cm. wide, abruptly
short-acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole;
corolla about 7 cm. long, yellow, puberulous, the tube fimnelform,
mm
not seen.
.
Leonard: the. acanthaceae of Colombia, i 93
Vernacttlar name Corteza

: de venado {Biolley 16331)
National Herbarium, No. 472479, collected at
Type in the U. S.
on the Pacific watershed, Alajuela, Costa
Surubres near San Mateo,
J 3
(N
Biolley's Nos. 17305 and 17323, collected in the same general region,
150 meters altitude, February 1900, also represent the new form.
^
Ruellia fuUflora var. tetrastichantha f. -flava is easily recognized
by its yellow flowers and large leaf blades.
tubiflora H. B. K. var. hirsuta Leonard, var. nov.

16d. Ruellia
Frutex vel subf rutex hirsutus corolla alba,

;
grandis.
herb; stem subquadrangular, hirsute, the
Shrub or suffrutesccnt
upper portions subtomentose leaf blades
; o
surfaces
mm
the tube
limb about 4 cm. broad
Herbarium, No. 1853779, collected toward
Meta, Colombia
November 10, 1938, by Cuatrecasas (No. 4591).
500 meters altitude,
Another specimen is: Bro. ApoUinaire s. n. (Bog, US), collected
at Villavicencio, December 1928.
_ 2ia tubifôra var. hirsuta closely re-
sembles the variety tetrastichantha.

K. var. parviflora Leonard, var. nov.
16e. Ruellia tubiflora H. B.
caulibus glabris lamina oblonga, glabra, apice

Herba vel suffrutex, ;
in petiolun decurrens, glabra; corolla

subobtusa, basi angustata,
purpurella.
Suffrutescent herb up to about 60 cm. high, stems subquadrangular,
puberulous at nodes leaf blades oblong, 8 to
glabrous or obscurely ;
K
-, -._ 1 n K j-^ fl ^v« TTTi'/io riVifnGTcTi af nnpT. narrowed at base and
margins
obscurely puberulous, the costa and lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs)
and
long corolla about 4 cm. long, minutely
prominent ; petioles 1 to 2 cm. ;
moutl
8 mm. broad, puberulous.
U. S. National Herbarium
tween San Pedro and La Joya, below Umbria, Comisaria of Putumayo,
Colombia, January IG, 1945, by J. Ewan (No. 16785).
The collector found a single colony of these plants in partial shade
of a small clearing. The pale violet- white flowers were inodorous.
alba Leonard, nov.

16f. Ruellia tubiflora II. B. K. var. parviflora Leonard, f. f.
Herba ; corolla parva, alba.

94 CONTRIBUTIOXS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Herb; stems subquadrangular, glabrous; leaf blades oblong-ovate,

6 toll cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, obtusish at apex, narrowed and decur-
rent on the petiole nearly to its base, glabrous; corolla minutely
puberulous, white, 4 cm. long, the tube infundibular, about 12 mm.
broad mouth, the limb about 2 cm. broad.
at
Type in the National Herbarium of Colombia, collected in damp
forest on the bank of the Rio Mulato, at Mocoa, Comisaria of Putu-
mayo, Colombia, 570 to 600 meters, December 26, 1940, by J. Cuatre-
casas (No. 11276) . Type fragment in the U. S. National Herbarium,
No. 1853886.
The leaf blades of the specimen have a faint mottled area of lighter
green about midway between the costa and margin. This character
is probably all the more apparent in living plants.
17. Ruellia lorentziana Griseb.

Ruellia lorentziana Griseb. Abh. Boehm. Ges. Wiss. 24: 259. 1879. Grisobach
based his description on Lorentz's No. 1598, collected at Tucumdn, Argentina.
Suffrutescent; stems erect, obscurely quadrangular, glandular-

puberulous; petioles cm. long, glabrous or sparingly pilose; leaf
1 to 3
blades ovate, up to 16 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, obtuse at apex, nar-
rowed at base and decurrcnt on the petiole, rather firm, crenulate-
crisped, both surfaces glabrous or sparingly pilose, the cystoliths nu-
merous and prominent; inflorescence a terminal interrupted narrow
panicle, the branches 2- or 3-flowered; peduncles 1 to 3 cm. long,
glandular-puberulous ; bracts linear, 3 to 8 mm. long, glandular-
puberulous; pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long,
glandular-puberulous, the tube 2 mm. long, the segments linear-
subulate, unequal, 0.5 mm. wide near base; corolla, when fully ex-
panded, 3 to cm. long, sparingly puberulous, mauve, the narrow
3.5
basal portion of the tube about 8 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter, the
upper portion campanulate, 10 to 13 mm. in diameter at mouth, the
limb 3 mm. broad, the lobes rounded stamens included capsule fusi-
; ;
form, 2 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, abruptly narro\Yed and pointed at

apex, narrowed at base (the solid basal portion about 4 mm. long),
glandular-puberulous, 12- to 16-seeded seed flat, ovate, subcordate at
;
base, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, mucilaginous-pilose when

moistened.
Vernacular name: Campanula morada {Duqite 1446).
Ruellia lorentziana closely resembles R, obtusa Nees and R. tuherosa
L. It can, however, be easily separated from these two species by its
puberulous capsules and the glandular hairs of the inflorescence. The
species was named in honor of Paul Guenther Lorentz, a collector of
Argentine plants.
Along roads or railways and open waste places in general. Colom-
bia, Peru, and Argentina.
. '
'l-.-.
LEOXARD; THEi ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 95
Dugand, & Jaramillo

Vicinity of Apuio, Killip, 38257 (US).
CuNDiNAMARCA :
(US). Tocaima, Pires-ArUUcs 2518 (US).

Narifio, P6rcz-Ar-beldcz 300
El Valle: Vicinity of Aqueduct, KIo Call, Duque 1446 (Valle).
Nevada do Santa Marta, Barklcy d Araqiie 22 (US).

Magdalena: Sierra
Tolima: Mariquita, TnoTic^ s. n. (Col).
Without definite locality: Ilolton 598 (GH, NY).
18. Ruellia geminiflora H. B. K.

Rucllia gcmiyuflora II. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 240. 1817. Type collected m
prope Santa Ana et Ibague, Novo-Granatensium,"
"locis temperatis, siccis
Humboldt. Pliotograph (No. 29431) of the
500 to 700 meters altitude, by
Paris Herbarium specimen in tlie U. S. National Herbarium.
Dlpteracmithus gcmim/lorus Necs in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9:40. 1847. Based on
Rucllia geminiflora H. B. K.
or ascending, pilosulous; leaf

Herb lip to 50 cm. liigli; stems erect
cm
apex, narrowed at base, entire, hir-
to 2 cm. wide, obtuse or acutisli at
mm, long or less, pilosulous, the seg-
lellous flowers axillary calyx 10
; ;
linear-lanceolate; corolla mauve, pubescent, usually 2.5 to 3 cm.

ments
long, the lobes suborbicular, 5 to 10 mm. wide capsules clavate, 8 mm. ;
the seeds apparently glabrous

lon^, 4 mm. wide, puberulous, 4-sceded,
when dry, mucilaginous-pubescent when moistened.
names: Jasmin {Garcia-Barriga 5107); yuquilla
Vernacular
[Garcia- Bar rig a 5158).
The name geviimfiora, twin flower, was given to the species because
the flower usually occur in pairs. Nees, on transferring the species to

gnized five G
b
a ^, hirsutior, y, erecfus, 8, subacauUs^ and e, angustif
inve been validlv published except 8 and c
.^^
Pastures, savannas, open hillsides, and fields. Central America,
West Indies, northern South America.

Cundinamakca Itôuonzo, PcrtncW 2783 (NY).
:
Cauca El:Tambo, von Sneidem lOGl (S) 10G2 ;

(S). Bio Timbio, von Sncidern
2651 (S). ^ . „ 77
El Valle- El Negro, Dryander 2337 (US). Vicinity of La Cumbre, Pennell
Pennell 5475 (GH, NY, US) Potredillo to Mira-
d Killip 5970 (GH, NY) Pavas, .
.
Vicinity of Pavas, Killip 11635 (GH). La

flores, Palmira, Pennell C047 (GH).
Paila, Eolton 597 (NY, Pli).
HuiLiA East: of Neiva, Rushy & Pennell 398 (NY)
ViUavicencio, Cuatrccasas 4727 Cabuyaro, Rfo Meta,
(US).
Meta: Apiai,
Garcia-Barriga 5107 (US). San
Garcia-Barriga 5158 (Col). Sabana del Vergel,
Martin, Hermann 11198 (US).
Touma Mariquita,
:
Pennell 3G75 (GH, Mo, NY, US).
K. angustif olia (Nees) Griseb.
ISa. Ruellia geminiflora H. B. var.
Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9:
Diptcracanthus geminiflorus Nees var. angustifolitis
Valenciam in Venezuela" by Moritz.
40. 1847. Type collected "prope
^^ Ruellia geminiflora var. hirsutior Nees ex Hickon, Darwiniana It 140. 1924.
Rucllia geminiflora var. angustifoUa Nees ex Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 451. ISGl.
;
96 COXTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARITOÎ
Dipteracanfhus angusUfolius Brem. Rec. Trav. Bot. Nêrl. 35: 157. 1938.
Based on Diptcraoanthus geminiflorus Nees var. angustifolius Nees.
Riiellia gcminiflora var. angustifoUa Griscb. W.
Fl. Brit. Ind. 451. 1861. Based
on Dipt er acanthus geminiflorus Nees var. angustifolius Nees.
Herbs up to 40 cm. high stems siibquadrangular, sulcate, densely to

;
sparsely hirsute or glabrescent, the cystoliths inconspicuous leaves ;
sessile or subsessile, linear to narrowly lanceolate,

up to 6.5 cm. long
and 1.2 cm. wide or occasionally as much as 1.5 cm. wide, acute to ob-
tusish (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base, both surfaces densely
to sparsely hirsute, the costa and lateral nerves (5 to 8 pairs) usually
prominent beneath, the cystoliths obscure; flowers often opposite,
usually terminal at blossoming stage; bractlets linear, up to 6.5 mm.
long and 0.8 mm. wide, hirsute calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, about 1.5
;
cm. long and 1 nun. wide near base, densely hirsute corolla blue, pink, ;
white, violet, or blue- violet, pubescent, 4.5 to 5 cm. long, the tube f un-
nelform, about 2 cm. broad at throat, the narrow basal portion about 1
cm. long and 2 mm. in diameter, the lobes about 1.5 cm. long; capsule
ovoid, 10 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, pubescent, apiculate, the sterile basal
portion about 3 mm. long.
In addition to the narrowness of the leaf blades mentioned by
Nees,
Bremokamp states in his discussion of Dipter acanthus angustifolius
that he finds a number of characters by which to separate
his species
from Humboldt's R. ge^nlnifiora, namely, "the stem is erect and not
procumbent; the leaves are sessile, not shortly petiolate, at the top
acute, not obtuse, and at the base cuneate, not rounded;
the number of
the nerve pairs varies between 5 and 8, instead of being
always 5
bracteoles are presentand not even small, instead of being absent the ;
calyx lobes are 15 mm. long and all of the same size, not p'osticous,
one
10 mm. and the others shorter; the corolla is up to 5 cm. long, instead
5-3
11
tose.
Colom
bian specimens, which, in fact, seem in some respects to verge strongly
geminiilora. Inasmuch
Colomb
could naturally be expected.
folia, this
Savannas, meadows, open places in general. The specimens cited
were collected from 100 to 500 meters altitude. Guiana, Venezuela,
and eastern Colombia.
Meta: Cafio Ijoa, road from Macapay
Barranca de Upfa, Haught 2596 (US).
to
Sabanas del Verjel, Carcia-Barriga 5131 (US). Vicinity of Villavicendo
KilUv
34330 (US).
Vaup£s: San Jos(5 del Guaviare, EIo Guaviare, Cuatrecasas 7640 (US).
VicHADA Along the Rio Vichada at BopimI, Hermann 11102.
:
19, Ruelliaobtusa Nees

Ruellia oUusa Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 152. 1847. Type collected
at Carta-
gena, Colombia, by Goudot, deposited in the Hooker Herbarium.
.TV f
LEONARD: THE ACAXTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 97
stems or ascending, quadrangular,

Herbs up to 70 cm. high ;erect
the internodes glabrescent; petioles
narrowly winged, pilosulous or
cm. long and cm. wide,
up to 3 cm. long; leaf blades ovate, up to 15 9
narrowed at base and decurrent
obtuse or rounded at apex, abruptly
sparingly hirsute or
on the petiole, repand-crenate, both surfaces
borne
ermost
subulate
and
mm
narrowly campanulate, 1.5 to
5 cm. long, finely pubescent, the throat
mouth, the limb about 3 cm. broad; stamen
capsules cylindric, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, slightly
included; style glabrous;
minute hairs on the calluses; seeds 20 or
flattened, glabrous or a few
mor
Vernacular name: Oreja de mula {Bro. Elias 247; 988).
obtuse or round-tipped leaf blades-
The name obtusa alludes to the
Thickets, roadsides, waste places in general. Grows at low altitudes,
usually below 300 meters.

Paul Cll (US). Vicinity of Galapa and
AtlAntico: Barranquilla, Bro.
Hacienda El Parafso on the Eio
Baranoa, Dugand & Jaramillo 3280 (US).
Varela and Ponedera, Dugand d Garcla-Barriga
Magdalena between Palmar de
Pennell 12047 (GH, NY, US) Dugand & Jara-
2539 (US). Puerto Colombia, ;
Hacienda Cacliubana, Usiacuri, Dugand &

millo 3242 (US) Bro. EUas 988 (US).
;
Garcla-Barriga 2369 (US) 2383 (US)

;
Bro.
;
EUas 247 (US). Without definite
locality, ^ro.iJZias s.n. (KY),

(NY). Juana Sanchez Trail, Island
BolIvar: Calamar, Fennell d Rusly 18
(US). Turbaco, KUUv & Smith 14212
of Mompos, Lands of Loba, Curran 264a
(NY, US) Pennell 41CA (GH, NY).
;
Magdalena: Vicinity of Fonseca, Haugjit 4348 (US).

Santander: Puerto Wilches, Rushy 4799 (NY).
20. Ruellia colorata Baill.
colorata Baill. Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 853. 1890. Type col-
Ruellia
locted by Grisar in Peru or Ecuador.
glabrous, quadrangular; leaf blades

Suffrutesccnt herbs; stems
large, oblong-elliptic, up to 30 cm. long and 15 cm. wide, more or less
abruptly acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
shallowly or sometimes coarsely crenate,

thin, the margins undulate or
cystoliths prominent under a lens, the costa
both surfaces glabrous, the
and lateral veins (8 or 9 pairs) conspicuous; petioles up to 2 cm. long,
glabrous flowers borne in a terminal

;
spike up to 12 cm. long and 8 cm.
cm. long and cm. wide, acutish to obtuse
wide, bracts ovate, up to 6 3.5
narrowed at base, both surfaces minutely
at apex, rounded or slightly
sparingly hirsute or glabrate, the margins entire, the peduncles
and
up to 10 mm. long, these and the rachis more or less puberulous bract- ;
2 mm. wide, obtusish at apex, red, sparingly

lets linear, 1.5 cm. long,
98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBAKIIJM
about 1 cm. lone^, red, sparinirly and

minutely pubescent
wide; bracts ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide,
acutish to obtuse
pubescent without, glabrous within, the tube about G mm.
broad at
mm
mm
tricose, the segments oblong, up to 19 mm. long and 9 mm. wide.
exserted
corolla tube; anthers linear-lanceolate, 5.5
to 6 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm.
wide at base, gradually narrowed to 0.5 mm. at tip;
ovary glabrous-
"^ '
mature capsule not seen.
Dense forests. Peru, Ecuador, and southern Colombia
PuTUMAYo: Rio San Miguel in the region of Bormeja, Cuatrecasas
11027
(US). Rio San Miguel, in the vicinity of Conejo, SchuUes 3507
(US).
21. Ruellia viridiflora Lcooard, sp. nov, FlGtTEE
SuffruteX. Caulibns suhniinrlrtm glabris, angulis rotun-
datis, nodis verrucosis;
lamina foliorum lanceolata vel rhombica, apice
acuminata vel acuta, basi angustata, in pctiolum decurrens,
crenata,
membranacea, supra glabra, subtus in costa et venis appresso-pubes-
centia; petioli brevi; flores numerosi, axillares;
calycis segmenta lan-
ceolata, acuminata, apice parce pilosula
corolla parce puberula, sub-
;
viridis, tubo hypocrateriformi, lobis ovatis;

stamina inclusa; capsula
clavata, glabra.
SulTrutescent herb up to 5 meters high; stems quadrangular (the
angles rounded), up to 2 cm. in diameter, glabrous, verrucose
at nodes;
leaf blades lanceolate to rhombic, up to 30 cm. long and 17 cm.
wide
acuminate or acute, acute at base and decurrent on the petiole, crenate,
rather thin, glabrous above, the cystoliths conspicuous under
a lens,
the costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs) finely appressed
pubescent;
petioles 1 to 2 cm, long; flowers numerous, clustered in
the axils of
the upper leaves; calyx up to 7 mm. long, the segments
lanceolate,
acuminate, 6 mm
cm,
m
mm
about 8 mm. in diameter at mouth, 1.5 to 2 cm. broad, tlie lobes ovate;
mm
basal portions slender, comprising about one-half
the length of the
capsule, glabrous, G-sccded: retinacula 2 mm. lono*.
Humbo
Boyaca, Colombia, "2500 feet'^ altitude, September 30, 1932, by A. E.
Lawrancc (No. 491), Isotypes are in the Gray Ilerl arium
F L n
.H. l"--

J-
herbaria of the Missouri and New York Botanical Gardens A type

fragment is in the TJ. S. National Herbarium, No. 59583.
32.— Ruelliaviridijlora Leonard {Lawrance i9l): a, Node, showing inflorescence and

Figure
leaf: b, cross section of stem; c, lower stem leaf; d, portion of leaf showing cystoliths;
Half natural i, i, r, natural size.)

^ calyi and capsule, (a, c, size;
RuelUa mridiflora is a well-marked species, easily recognized by

its large size, large crenate leaves, and axillary clusters of pale green
flowers.
;
100 COTS' TRIEUr ION
22. Ruellia pennellu Leonard, sp. nov, FiGUKE 33
Herba, caullbus infra suffiutescentibus, quadrangularibus, glabris

vel parce (aliquando bifariam) pubescentibus, pilis albis, curvatis;
lamina foliorura ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, undulata, glabra, in costa et venis pubescens, pilis
parvis, adpressis; flores sessiles, spicam vel thyrsum contractwn
formantes; bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares, saepe grandes; brac-
teolae triangidari-siibulatae, minute pubescentes; calycis segmenta
lineari-subulata corolla alba vel punicca vel rubra vel violacea, hypo-
;
crateriformis, tube infra puberulento, lobis emarginatis, glabris;

stamina inclusa capsulae clavatae, glabrae, semina orbiculata, plana,
;
brunneo-purpurea ; retinacula curvata, subulata.

Herb, sometimes suffrutescent at base; stems up to 1 meter high,
subquadrangular, glabrous or thinly pubescent with minute white
curved hairs, these sometimes in lines; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate,
up to 16 cm. long and G cm. wide, acuminate at apex, acute and decur-
rent on petiole at base, undulate, bright green, glabrous except the
costa and lateral veins (6 to 8 pairs), these pubescent with small
appressed hairs, thQ cystoliths numerous, conspicuous under a lens;
petioles up
to 4 cm. long, glabrous or minutely pubescent; flowers
borne in small, opposite, sessile clusters, forming a terminal naked
spike or contracted thyrse, the lowermost clusters in the axils of the
upper leaves, the uppermost clusters confluent rachis pubescent, the
;
hairs minute, curved; bracts linear, 1 to 2 cm. long, 0.5 to 1 mm. wide,
more
mm. loner, mmu
ments linear-subulate, 3 to 4 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide at base,
dark colored in dried specimens, bearing a few minute hairs, the
cystoliths prominent under a lens corolla 3 to 3.5 cm. long, white,
;
blue,
violet, red, or pink with dark stripes, glabrous above, the
lower half
of the tube slender, pilosulous, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, the upper
half campanulate, slightly oblique, 8 to 9 mm. at mouth,
the limb
mm
wide, emarginate, somewhat irregular; stamens included; capsules
12 mm.
long, glabrous, the solid stipitate portion about 8 mm. long,
the seed-bearing portion flattened, oval, about 3 mm. broad,
4-seeded
retinacula 1.5 mm. long; seed suborbicular, flat, reddish brown,
3.25
mm
to moi
National Herb
U. S.
quebrada in forest, Tierra Alba on the Rio Sinu, Department of
Bolivar, Colombia, 70 to 150 meters altitude, by Francis W. Pennell
: "^
_*o- :. =
r
(No. 4658). Isotypes are in the Gray Herbarium and the herbarium
York Botanical Garden. The species is also represented
by the following collections
260
altitude, Mctcalf & Cuatrecasas 30075 (Mo, US).
Figure 33. /
33559; Haught 1561)
h, : a. Tip of plant; h, cross section of stem; c, leaflike bract subtend-
ing flower cluster; d, same; portion of leaf blade (upper surface) to show cystoliths;
e,
/, calyx; g, corolla; h, capsule, {a, c, d, Half natural size; h, e, g, h, natural size; /, twice
natural size.)
Caldas Moist : soil at Manizales, near the Rio Chinchina, 1,300 to 1,400 meters
altitude, Pennell 10184 (GH, NY).
Sneidem
(S) ;1012 (S).
100
Killip & Oarcla 33559 (US).
El Vaixe Forest along the Rio Sabaletas, Km. 29 of highway from Buena-
:
ventura to Cali, vicinity of Sabaletas, 25 meters altitude, Killip d Cuatrecasas

38857 (US).
Santander Magdalena Valley, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja between

:
Sogamoso and Carare Rivers, 100 to 500 meters, Ilaught 2099 (US) Magdalena .
Valley, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, between the Sogamosa and Colorado
Rivers, 100 to 500 meters, HaugM 1498 (US) 1561 (US) ; 1580 (US).
;
Ruellia pennellii is, apparently, distinct from all other Colombian

species hitherto described, being related to the following new species,
H. cohmhiana. The variation in the color of the corolla is indeed
remarkable.
23. Ruellia colombiana Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 34

Herbae decumbentae, caulibus infra quadrangu-
suffrutescentibiis,
laribus, angulis rotnndatis, puberulis, pilis retrorso-curvatis lamina
;
foliorum ovata, apice abrupte acuminata, basi rotundata, crenata,

supra glabra, subtus in costa et venis puberula, pilis adpressis; flores
sessiles, axillaresbracteae et bracteolae subulatae calycis segmenta
; ;
lanceolato-subulata, puberula, ciliata corolla caeruleo-purpurea, hy-

;
pocrateriformis, tubo puberulo, lobis suborbicularibus, glabris, leviter

cmarginatis stamina inclusa; capsulae clavatae, puberulae vel glabra-
;
tae; semina brunnea, plana; retiuacula subulata, recta, apice truncata,

lacerata.
Herbs up to 1 meter high, sufFrutescent at base, ascending, rooting
at the lower nodes; stems subquadrangular, grooved and rounded on
the angles, puberulous, the hairs l75/t long, retrorsely curved; leaf
blades ovate, 6 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate at tip,
rounded or obtuse at base, thin, the margins crenate, the upper sur-
face dull green, glabrous, the lower surface grayish green, rather
densely puberulous, the hairs up to 200/x long, gray, appressed, con-
fined chiefly to costa
and lateral veins (about 8 pairs) these fairly con-
spicuous both above and beneath petioles 5 to 10 mm. long, appressed-
;
puberulous flowers clustered in the axils of the upper leaves, several

;
in each fascicle; bracts subtending the flowers narrowly lanceolate,

about 8 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, thick and subcarinate, sparingly
puberulous, the hairs appressed, the bractlcts similar but much small-
er; calyx about 7 mm. long, the segments lance-subulate, 0.75 mm.
wide, the tips blunt or rounded, sparingly puberulous and ciliate, the
hairs appressed, about 100/x long; corolla bluish purple (azul lila),
the upper portion glabrous, the lower inconspicuously puberulous, the
hairs spreading, 75/i long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed to
1.5 mm. at 3 mm.
above base, thence abruptly enlarged to 8 mm. at
throat, the limb 15 mm. broad, the enlarged portion of the tube slightly
oblique, the lobes suborbicular, about 6 mm. long and 7 mm. wide,
shallowly emarginate, the margins crenate; stamens attached to base
of the expanded portion of the corolla tube, the longer of each pair
about 5 mm. long, the shorter 3 mm. long, the filaments very slender,
glabrous, the antJiers 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; pistil 17 mm. long,
mmu
mm. loiiiT, 0.5 mm
minutely
mm. long seed flat, suborbicular, brown,
solid stipitate base about 5 ;
margins geiatmous-puberulous when moistened; i rctinacula erect,

the
straight, subulate, truncate, 1.5 mm. long.
S. National Herbarium, No. 1852483, collected o
1 Valle, Colon
February 19 to March 10, 1944, bv J- C
to 50 meters altitude,
casas (No. 1G424). The following also represent the species:
Antioquia: In dense damp woods between Villa Arteaga and Rio MutaU,
Johnston & BarUey 18C448 (Med).
Boca Tai, 50 to 80 meters altitude,
Bolivar: River-flat of the Rio Sinu at
Las Dantas to Puerto Canoa, on the RIo Es-
renncU 4182 (NY). Moist forest,
meralda, 400 to 800 meters, Fennell 4526 (NY).
BueUia colomUana is an indefinite species, differing from the poly-

moi
long narrow leaflike bracts of the inflorescence.
lack of the
{Cuatrecasas 16424): a. Lower node, showing

Figure U.—Ruellia colombiana Leonard
portion of leaf blade (upper surface)
leaves and axillary flowers; J, cross section of stem;
c,
bract; a pair of stamens, {a, d, Half

showing cystoliths; d, upper node; e, calyx, /, g,
natural size; b, c, natural size; d-g, twice natural size.)
FlGUEE So
24. Ruellia aquatica Leonard, sp, nov.
adscendentibus, subquadrangularibus,
Herbae, caulibus erectis vel
lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice
infra glabris, surpum pilosis;
glabra petioli glabri vel parce
obtusa vel rotundata, basi angustata, ;
imbricatae, lanceolatae, apice ob-

pilosi, spica terminalis; bracteae
tusae, basi angustatae, pilosae, ciliatae; segmenta lanceolata,
calycis
hypocrateriformis, minute pubescens, lobis
ciliata corolla
; purpurea,
semina rubro-brunnea, plana,
ovatis; capsulae calvatae, glabrae;
uborbicularia, glabra, vel madefactis subtiliter mucoso-pubescentia

subnlat
Herbs stems
; erect or ascending, 20 to 30 cm. high, subqiiadrangu-
lar,glabrous below, pilose above, the hairs 1.5 mm. long; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic, 2 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 3.5 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded
at apex, sometimes bluntly acuminate, narrowed at base, glabrous,
the cystoliths numerous; petioles up to 2 cm. long, glabrous or spar-
ingly pilose; flowers borne in terminal bracted spikes up to 3 cm.
long;
bracts imbricate, lanceolate, about 15 mm. long and 6 mm.
wide, ob-
tuse at apex, pilose and strongly ciliate bractlets linear, 13
; mm. long.
Figure ZS,-Rudha aquatica Leonard {Ilaught 1762): a. Tip of branch; h, cross section of
stem; c, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) to show cystoliths;
d, bract; t, bractlet;
f, calyx and capsule, {a, Half natural size;
b-f, natural size.)
1.5 mm. wide, pilose; calyx 8 mm. long, the tube glabrous, the seg-
ments
cm
tenlorm, the lower half slender, the upper half
campanulate, about
mm. broad at throat, the limb 10 to 12 mm
capsules 8 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, clavate, glabrous, the solid
mm
suborbicular, 2 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad, glabrous when dry, very
finely mucilaginous-pilose when moistened; retinacula 1.5 mm. long
'
subulate, curved, truncate and lacerate at tip.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected in frequently sub-
merged areas San Juan Valley (Camp VI), Department of
in the
feantander, Colombia, 100 to 700 meters altitude, June
9, 1935 bv
Hau
Hau
Sogamoso and Colorado
.'f- -7 -
LEONARD: THEI ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 105
Kivers, Santander, 100 to 500 meters altitude, also represents the

species
Ruellia aquatica is unlike any other Colombian Ruellia hitherto
described. The name aquatica alludes to the habitat of the species.
25. Ruellia lasiostachya Leonard, sp. nov. FiGrnE 36
Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, angulis rotundatis, dense

pilosis vel subtomentosis, pilis brunneis; lamina foliorum ovata vel
elliptica, apice subacuta ( ? ) , basi angustata, integra vel undulata,
pilosa; petioli tomentosi; spica terminalis; bracteae magnae, imbri-
catae, infimae lanceolato-ovatae, siiprcmao obtiisae bracteolae lineari- ;
lanceolatae, dense pilosae; pedicelli glabri; calycis segmenta carinata,

glabra vel apice minute pilosa corolla purpurea ( ? ) hypocrateri-
; ,
formis, minute pubescens, lobis ovatis; stamina inclusa; ovarium et

stylus apice pilosi.
Z6.— Ruellia lasiostachya Leonard {Urihe n.): a, Leaf blade; b, inflorescence;

Figure s.
e, cross section of stem; d, e, bractlets;/, hair from bractlet; g, calyx, (a, h. Half natural
size; c, i, t, g, natural size;/, about eight times natural size.)
Suffrutescent herbs; stems obtusely quadrangular, densely pilose

or subtomentose with brownish hairs up to 4 mm. long; leaf blades
ovate or elliptic, 16 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide, acute (?) at apex,
narrowed at base, entire or undulate, both surfaces pilose, the hairs
;
/
1 to 2 mm. long, confined cliiefly to the costa and lateral veins (10 to
12 pairs) ;
mm.
long or more, loosely tomentose; flowers
petioles 15
borne in a dense terminal spike 12 cm. long and about 3 cm. broad,
each flower cluster subtended by a large leaflike bract, the lowermost
of these ovate-lanceolate, 9 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, tlienco gradually re-
g and » mm
wide, obtuse and closely imbricate; primary bractlets linear-lanceo-
all
late, about 10 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, densely pilose with yellowish
hairs up to 4 mm. long ; secondary bractlets oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 to
2 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, densely pilose; pedicels 1.5 cm. long,
glabrous; calyx 4.5 mm. long, tliin, glabrous or minutely pilosulous at
tip o± segments, these subulate, 3 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide at base,
keeled corolla hypocniteriform, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, minutely pubescent,
;
mauve ( ?) the lower half slender, cylindric, about 1.5 mm. in diameter,
,
the upper portion campanulate, 12 mm. broad at mouth, the limb

about 2 cm. in diameter, the lobes ovate, about 8 mm. long and 7 mm.
wide, rounded; stamens included 5
ovary and lower portion of the
style (2 cm. long) pilosulous.
Type m the Plerbarium of tlie Instituto de la Salle, Bogota, Co-
lombia, collected in the Comisaria of Caqueta, Colombia, December
1930, by C. Uribe. Type fragment in the U. S. National Herbarium,
No. 1692G08.
Ruellia lasiostachya probably related to R. urihei, but it is easily
is
distinguished by its dense terminal spike and large imbricated bracts.

The type material is very fragmentary, and thus the dimensions given
for the leaf blades may prove too small when more ample material is
examined. The name lasiostachija is derived from Xdcrtos, shao-o-v, and
oraxw, spike.
2G. RuclIia putumayensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 37

Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus, f usco-pilosis ; lamina foliorum
oblongo-elliptica, apice subobtusa, basi angustata, tenuia, Integra vel
undulata, supra pilosa, subtus plus minusve adpresso-pilosa petioli pi-
;
losi ;
flores axillares
bracteae ellipticae, apice subobtusae, basi acutae
;
bracteoli lineares, pilosae; calycis tubus glaber, segmentis angusto-tri-

angularis, glabris vel apice minute pilosulis; corolla alba, lilacino-vir-
gata, minute pubescens, hypocrateriformis, lobis ovatis, crenatis, rotun-
datis; stamina inclusa; ovarium et &:ylus pilosuli; capsulae clavatae,
glabrae vel apice parce pilosulae semina plana, orbiculata,
; ma "în:' ,Ub
madefactis mucoso-tomentosis retinacula apice fimbriata.
;
Herb; stems subquadrangular, pilose, the hairs brownish, up to 5

mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 4 to 12 cm. long, 1.5 to 6 cm.
wide, obtusish at apex, acute at base, rather thin, entire or undulate,
both surfaces pilose, the hairs up to 2.5 mm. long, those of the upper
surface scattered, ascending, those of the lower surface confined to
costa and lateral veins and more or less appressed; the cystoliths
. ,h- •^
minute but easily seen under a lens; petioles up to 8 mm

bracted clusters 1.5 to 2 cm. long bracts:
mm
7mm. lomr and 0.75 mm
base, I-nervedj pilose ; calyx 4.5 mm. long, glabrous or bearing several
Figure 'hl.—Ruellia putumayensis Leonard (^Klug 1696): a, Node and leaf; h, cross section
of stemj c, tip of plant showing Inflorescence; d, bract and bractlets; e, capsule and calyx;
/ /
minute hairs near tip of segments, these narrowly triangular, about

mm cm
minutely
mm. in diameter, the upper halt cam
cm
stamens
sulcus capsule
; clavate, about 1 cm. long, and 5 mm. broad, the lower
half slender and solid, glabrous or sparingly pilosulous toward tip,
4-seeded; seeds flat, suborbicular, reddish brown, about 3 mm. in
diameter, the flat surfaces glabrous, the edges puberulous, mucilagi-
nous-tomentose when moistened; retinacula 2.5 mm. long, fimbriate at
apex
in the U. S. National Herbarium No. 1517
jfibria, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia 5
by G. Klug (No. 1696)

er 1930,
Ruellia imtumayensis resembles no other RuelUa hitherto described.
It can be recognized by its white lilac-striped corollas and the dense
pilosity of the stems and the upper surface of the leaf blades.
802087—51- 8
—
27. Ruellia uribei Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 38

Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus, angulis obtusis, dense fusco-
pilosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolataj apice acuminata, basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, tenuia, Integra vel undulata, parce
pilosa, subtus praecipue in costa et venis ; petioli pilosi ; Acres
pilis'
sessiles^ axillares; bracteae lineares, dense pilosae; calycis segmenta

subulata, puberula; corolla pilosa hypocrateriformisj lobis ovalibus,
rotundatis; stamina inclusa; stylus dense puberulus; ovarium tomen-
tosum.
Figure 38. Ruellia uribei Leonard {Uribe s. n,, December 1930): a, Tip of branch; b, cross
section of stem; c, leaf blade; J, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) showing cystoliths;
fy bract;/, bractlet; f, calyx, style, and stigma; A, coroUa. (a, c, A, Half natural size;
b, df fff, natural size; g^ V/i times natural size.)
Herb; stems obtusely quadrangular, densely pilose with brownish

hairs 1.5 to 2 mm. long; leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to 24 cm. long and
6,5 cm. wide, gradually narrowed from middle to a slender blunt
pointed tip, acute at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire or
undulate, both surfaces rather sparingly pilose with hairs about 1 mm.
long, those of the lower sm^face confined chiefly to costa and lateral
veins (8 or 9 pairs), the upper surface bearing numerous cystoliths,
these conspicuous under the lens petioles 1 to 3.5 cm. long, pilose flow-
;
;
ers several, sessile or subsessile, clustered in the axils of the upper

leaves; bracts narrowly linear, 1.5 to 3 cm. long 0.5 to 1 mm. wide,
densely pilose with brownish hairs up to 2.5 mm. long ; bractlets similar
but smaller calyx 5
; mm. long, the segments unequal, subulatCj 2.5 to 3.5
mm. long, pilosulous with white hairs 0.5 mm. long or a few reaching
1 mm. in length ; corolla erectj 3.5 to 4.5 cm, long, minutely pubescent,
the tube narrowly hypocraterif orm, about 1 cm. in diameter at mouth,
the limb about 2 cm, broad, the lobes oval, 12 mm. long and 10 mm.
wide, rounded, the stamens included; style densely pilosulous; ovary
tomentose.
Type in the Herbarium of the Instituto de la Salle, Bogota, Colom-
bia, collected in theComisaria of Caqueta, December 1930, by C. tJribe*
Isotype in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1692G07.
Among the Colombian Ruelliae, R. urihei is a well-marked species.
It can be easily recognized by its long, narrow, pilose leaves, narrowly
linear densely pilose bracts, and the relatively small irregular calyx.
The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material,
SPECIES NOT POSTIVELY KNOWN FROM COLOMBIA

RiTELLiA SPRUCEi Lindau, BuU. Herb. Boiss, 5: G53. 1897.
Type collected at Panure on the Eio Vaupes, October 1852 to Janu-

ary 1853, by Spruce, lô. 2605.
Panure is in Amazonian Brazil, about 65 km. from the Colombian
border, and not in Colombia as given by Lindau.
Tribe 5. Barlerieae Neea
Barlerieae Nees in WaU. PI. Asiat. Rar. 3: 75. 1832,
Herbs or shrubs; stems usually subquadrangular; leaf blades ovate

to lanceolate ; flowers sessile, axillary or in terminal spikes, the bracts
often large 3 and imbricate; calyx irregular, often
conspicuous
4-parted; corolla infundibular, the narrow portion short, the ex-
panded portion more or less elongated; stamens 4, didynamous;
anther lobes parallel; capsules 4-seeded, seed-bearing to base.
Species of two of the nine genera comprising the tribe Barlierieae
occur in Colombia*
KEY TO THE GENERA
Calyx segments 4; coroUas large and conspicuous, subregular 13. Barleria
Calyx >scgments 5 corollas small, 2-lipped, 5 mm. long or less
; 14. Teliostacliya
13. BARLERIA L.
Barleria L. Sp. PI. 630. 1753; Gen. PL ed. 5, 283. 1754. Named for Jaques
Barrelier, a French botanist (1634 to 1673), More than 100 species have
been described. These occur in tropical regions, mostly in the Old World,
Type species: Barleria prionitis L. (India),
Shrubs or herbs; leaves oppositej entire; flowers axillary or borne
in terminal bracted spikes; calyx deeply 4-parted, 2 of the segments
;
larger than the others ; corolla usually yellow or blue, the tube about
as long as the spreading limb or longer, the limb with 5 rounded lobes
stamens didynamous, borne on the base of the corolla tube; style
4,
elongated; stigma obtuse, ovules 2 in each cavity; capsules ovoid to
oblong; seeds flattenedj ovate to suborbicular.
KEY TO THE SPECIES

Flowers borne in a terminal spike, yellow, turning purple on drying__l. B. micans
Flowers axillary, blue 2. B. cristata
1. Barleria micans Nees

Barleria 7nicans Nees Benth. Bot, Voy. Sulph. 146. 1844. Micans sparliling,
; :
glittering, in aUusion to the attractively bractod inflorescence. Type local-

ity: Taboga Island, Bay of Panama, Panama.
Barleria discolor Nees; Benth. Bot Voy. Sulph. 146. 1844. Discolor: varie-
gated, of various colors, in allusion to the leaf blades green above and
silvery beneath. Type locality Nicoya, Costa Rica,
:
Herbs, sometimes subligiieous at base^ 1 to 1.5 meters high; stems

glabrous or strigose, terete; leaf blades ovate to narrowly lanceolate,
10 to 25 cm. long, usually about 4 to 5 cm, wide, long- acuminate at
apex, attenuate or abruptly decurrent at base, sparingly strigose or
hirtellous, the leaves subtending the spike subsessile ;
petioles 1 to 2 cm.
long; flowers borne in a large dense terminal spike, the bracts ovate-
lanceolate to broadly ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, acute or
obtuse, tipped by a small spine, chartaceous, veiny, more or less
strigose, the margins with spinelike teeth up to 3 mm. long, some-
times drying bluish; bractlets narrowly linear, 1.5 to 2 cm. long;
calyx segments very unequal, the anterior segment oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm.
long, 1 to 1*4 cm. wide, bidentate at apex, the posterior segments
slightly longer and narrower, acuminate at apex, the lateral segments
narrowly lanceolate, about half as long as the others; corolla 5 to
6.5 cm. long, yellow, turning bluish purple when dry, the tube slender,
the lobes oblanceolate, subequal, spreading capsules cylindric, slender-
;
pointed at apex, glabrous, 4-seeded.

Rocky banks and waste places in general; usually in more or less
shaded situations. Colombia northwards to southern Mexico.
AtlAntico: Hacienda Riodulce, Los Pendales, Dugand d Jaramillo 4154 (US).
Pioj6» Bra, Elias 735 (US). Sahagto, Pennell 4104 (GH, NY). TubarS, Dugand
d Jaramillo 4061 (US).
Santander: Between Bucaramanga and El Jaboncillo, Rio Surati VaUey,
Killip d Smith 16355 (NT, US).
2. Barleria cristata L. Figure 39

Barleria cristata L. Sp. PL 636. 1753. Cristata: cristate or crested, in
allusion to the pectinate outer calyx segments. Type locality ; India, An
ample description is given by Linnaeus.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent at base, up to 1 meter high, the stems

subteretej both strigose and puberulouSj the minute hairs white and
, -.. r. -V.
1 I 'Lh, H-
curved, the appressed ones yellowish ; leaf blades

ed
ose or both strigose and puberulent, the hairs often confined
about 1 cm
paired
headlike cluster at the ends of the branchlets; bracts
linear-lanceolate, about 12 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, strigose ;

outer
ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, veiny, spine-
segments of the calyx
tipped, hirtellous, pectinate-toothed, the inner segments lanceolate,
acuminate, 8 or 9 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, whitish, puberulous ; corolla
Tip of stem; h, cross section of stem;

Figure 39,— Barkria cristata L. {Bto. Elias 980): a,
c, bract; d, posterior calyx segment; e, enlarged portion of calyx segment to show teeth
anterior calyi segments; ovary ana style, {a, Half
and glandular hairs; /, one of the g,
natural size; b, e, g, twice natural size; c, d, /, natural size.)
paler spots at throat, finely pubescent,

up to 6 cm. long, violet with
the tube hypocrateriform, straight, gradually enlarged from about 3
mm. in diameter at middle to 12 mm. at throat, the limb about 3 cm.

rounded, the 2 upper ones erect 2 of
broad, the lobes nearly equal, ;
the stamens perfect, reaching to of tube, and 2 imperfect

mouth and
much shorter; styles exserted; capsules subcylindric, about 12 mm.
long and 4 mm.
broad, glabrous, 4-seeded.
Vernacular name: Lila {Dugand Garcia-Barriga &
2535).
Gardens. Found occasionally as an escape throughout tropical
America.
AtlAntico: Barranquilla, Dugand d Qarcia-Barriga 2535 (US); Bro. Elias
502 (US) ; 753 (US) ; 980 (US).
14. TELIOSTACHYA Nees
Teliostachya Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 71. 1847. T perfect

well-defined spilces of th( Nees separates
spike in allusion to the
Tplinsttanhiia from Leoidoaathis WiUd. and descri
alopecuroidea, last based on Rnellia alope-
ractae, T. diftusa, and T. tlie
curoidea Vahl. Bremekarap" justifies Nees' establishment of the genus

Teliostacliya as distinct from Lepidagathis by pointing out the following con-
trasting characters: In Tcliostachya the spike is radically symmetric and
definitely terminal, the antlcous calyx lobes entirely free, the anther lobes
are inserted at different heights, and the pollen grains are entirely free from
reticulations. Lepidagathis, on the other hand, is characterized by a dorsal-
ventral, often axillary inflorescence, the antlcous calyx lobes are at least
partly united, the anther lobes are at the same height, and the pollen grains
are finely reticulate. Limited to tropical America and west Africa. Ten
or more species are found in America. Type species : T. cataractae Nees.
Type locality : Brazil.
Lepidagathis Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 400. 1801. Aejr^j, scale or bract, 6.ya.el$, a round
head, in reference to the bracted inflorescence. All the known species of this
genus are natives of the Old World. Type species: L. cristata Willd. India.
Herbs leaves
; entire, bearing cylindrical cystoliths ; flowers borne
in cylindrical or ovoid spikes composed of verticillasters, the spikes
borne
ed bracts or the lowermost by a pair of ordinary
3 to 7 flowers, the lateral flowers subtended by
bractlets 1-nerved calyx divided nearly to base,
;
lobe rgest, 3-nerved, the lateral lobes 1-nerved, the

lobes longer than the lateral ones, 1- or 2-nerved;
corolla about as long as the calyx, the tube cylindric, the throat
slightly enlarged, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip obtuse, emarginate,
or subentire, the lower lip 3-parted, the lobes subequal, obtuse;
stamens 4, didynamous, barely exserted; anthers 2-lobed, the lobes
attached at unequal heights, the lower or sometimes both lobes apicu-
late at base; ovules 2 in each cavity; style 2-lobed, the lobes
semi-
globose; capsules oblong, sexangular, acute, each valve bearing 2
seeds ; retinacula short ; seeds lenticular, yellow, covered with mucous
hairs.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
Leaf blades ovate to elliptic ; upper calyx segment 2 mm. wide.
1. T. alopccuroidea
Leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic upper calyx segment 1.25 mm. wide.
;
Leaf blades, thin sparingly pilosulous to glabrous plants diffuse, ;
often 30 cm. high 2. T. laneeolata

Leaf blades firm, rather densely hirtellous plants rigid, rarely over
;
2a. T. laneeolata var. crispa

1. Teliostachya alopccuroidea (Vahl) Nees
Rucllia alopccuroidea Vahl, Eclog. Amer, 2:49. 1798. Alopecurns and erSos,
the form of i. e., resembling the genus Alopccurus L. Type collected in Mont-
serrat, West Indies, by Ryan. Photograph of type in the U. S. National
Herbarium, No. 22196.
Teliostachya alopeeuroidea Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 72. 1847. Eased on
Ruellia alopeeuroidea Vahl.
W. Ind. 453. 1864. A
transfer based on Ruellia alopccuroidea Vahl.
"Rec. Trav. Bot. N6erl. 35: 140. 1938.

;
Herbs up to 50 cm. high, usually much branched, erect, decumbent

leaf
blades thin, ovate cm. long, 2 to

to elliptic, 3 to 8 3 cm. wide, acute or
obtuse at apex, narrowed at base, repand or entire; spikes usually
terminal, 2 to 8 cm. lontj, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, many-flowered;
mm
segments unequal, 4 to 6 mm. long, the anterior pair lanceolate, con-
nate at the base, the lateral pair linear, the posterior segment obovate
corolla white or violet, about as long as the calyx stamens 4, free at ;
base
sessile, glabrous, 4-seeded, about 4 mm
Wet shaded banks in woods, thick( Brazil, British
Guiana, Colombia, French Guiana, P Ex-

to
Central America and the West
Magdalena: Poponte, Magdalena Valley^ CyHl ^'^^w- 912 (Mo).
Meta : VUlavicencio, nermann 11156 (US)<
Figure Ô.—Telioslachya lanceolata Nees {a-g, Cuairecasas 18716; h-j, Cuatrecasas 7586):
a, Tip of stem; by cross section of stem; c, section of stem to show groove; d, stem leaf;
e, bracts; /, posterior calyx segment; g, anterior and lateral calyx segments; A, corolla;
t, capsule; ;, valve of capsule to show retlnacula. {a, d, Half natural size; b, three times
natural size; c, e-jy twice natural size.)
2. Teliostachya lanceolata Nees Figthie 40

Teliostachya lanceolata Nees in Mart. FL Brass. 9: 74, 1847. Several cotypes
from Brazil and one from Peru are cited.
Herbs up more stems ascending, rooting at the

to 30 cm. high or ;
lower nodes, siibquadrangular (the angles narrowly and obscurely

winged), pubescent with appressed or ascending hairs about 0.5 mm*
long (the lower portions sparingly pubescent or glabrate) leaf blades ;
lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, up to 6 cm. long and 2.2 cm, wide,

obtuse or acute (the tip blunt), narrowed at base, glabrous or the
.
and sparingly hirtellous,

appressed
nating the branches, narrowly conic, up to 4.5 cm. long, about 1 cm.
in diameter at base and 5 mm. near tip cymes 3- to 5-flowered bracts
; ;
subulate for the lowermost Ipfl.flikp.V nr> tn a Inno- nnrl mm mm r^
toward
curved hairs; bractlets setiform, about 5 mm. long, sparingly hirtel-
lous; calyx prominently nerved, the margins and nerves beset with
scattered straight spreading hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the posterior
segment lanceolate, 5 to 7 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, gradually nar-
rowed and cuspidate, 5-nerved with the outer pair of nerves marginal,
the anterior segments subulate, 4 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, 3-nerved
submarginal
ment subulate, 3,5 mm
white or purplish, 4 mm. long, glabrous without or the lobes sparingly
below
glabrous
bearing a few hairs toward
pubescent
toward tip, the lower half glabrous ; seeds flat, yellowish brown, about
1 mm. in diameter.
Wooded river banks usually in damp situations. Brazil, Colombia,
Peru.
Choc6: Bank of the Rfo San Juan, near Andagoya, Killip 3538G (US).
El Valle: Between Puente Sofia and Yanaconas, Cuatrecasas 18716 (US).
PuTUMAYo Along the Rio San Miguel between the tributaries Rio Bermeja
:
and Rio Conejo, Ciwtrecasas 11044 (US).

Vaupes Along the Rio Guaviare, Cuatrecasas 7586 (US).
:
2a. Teliostachya lanceolata Nees var. crispa Nees

Teliostachya lanceolata Nees var. crispa Nees in Fl. Mart. Bras. 9: 74. 1847.
Type locality: "Maynas [Yurimaguas, Peru] et ad fluvium Amazonum. fi
Type material in the Delessert Herbarium collected by Poeppig, No. 2240.

A photograph of this sheet (No. 7823) is in the U. S. National Herbarium.
The variety from the typical form in that the mature plants
differs
are shorter (20 to 23 cm. high) and more rigid, the stems and leaf
blades are rather densely hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, ap-
pressed or ascending, and the margins of the leaf blades recurved.
The Colombian specimens cited do not show the strongly recurved
leaves mentioned in the type description and shown in the photograph
of Poeppig's specimen. This character may have been accentuated by
a possible wilting or shriveling of the type material when the specimen
was pressed.
On river banks. Colombia and Peru.
Caldas : Near La Dorada, Ha nght
213S ( US )
Meta: Villavicencio, (7«a^rec««o.9 1985 (US).
" *_ i^ ^^ ^ :* -T 1^-1 ^.
INDEX
[Synonyms in italics. Page numbers of principal entries in boldface]
Pace Dipter acanthus Continued — Pag©

95
Acanthaceae 4 a procumbens
Acanthoideae 2, 4, 44 5 subacaulis 95
Acanthus 1, 3, 4 turbacensis 76
mollis 3 Ebermaiera 5
spinosus 3 humilis 5
Afromendoncia__- .. 11 EI ytraria 2, 5, 7
Amasonia integerrima 46 apargiifolia 8
Anamu 8 fronaosa 7
Ancylogyne 51 imbricata 7, 9
capitata .
51 scorpioides 7
macrocnemis 51 squamosa 8
munita 51 trtdentata 7
pemviana 51 virgata 7
Aphclandra 1, 2, 3 Engelia 12
aurantiaca 3 tovarensis 12
Aphragjnia 66 villosa 12, 21
haenkei 66, 77 Enredadera blanca 42
Aro-blanco 48 Erythr acanthus 5
ArrhostoxyluM 66 racemosus 5
fulgidum var. angustissimum^ 68 Escobilla de rat6n 77
hartwegianum Gilletiella 90 11
laxum Hygrophila 66 2, 45, 58
Barlcria-_ 2,44,109 angustifolia 58
anomala 46 conf erta 58
cristata 110, 111 guianensis 58,59
discolor 110 rivularis 60
micans 110 Hygrophileae 44, 57
prionitis 109 Imbricatae 44
Barlerieae 44, 109 Jacobinia magnifica 3
Beloperone guttata 3 Jasmin 95
Bignonia bibracteata 46 Justicia brunelloides 10
Bignoniaceae 46 Imbricata 7
Blechum 2,45, 60 Lepidagathis 7, 111, 112
angustius 3, 63 alopecuroides 112
brownci 61 cristata 112
brownei f, puberulum 60>61, 63 Lila 111
costaricense 63 Mendoncia 1, 2, 4, 11, 12
haughtii 60, 62,63 albida 12,38
Bravaisia 2, 45 aspera 12, 14
floribunda 45,46 coccinca 12, 13, 29
13, 30
integerrima
campaimla morada
Cilantro de monte^
46
94
8
coccinea var, elliptica
coccinca var. sparatteria
cordata
13, 30
13, 16, 17
—
Contortae 44 cuatrccasasii 14, 37, 38
Cryphiacanthus 66 fulva 30
macrophyllus 79 gilva 14, 33, 34
barbadensis 66, 78 _labresceu3 13, 23, 24, 26
Culaiitro 76 glomerata 13, 27, 38
Dicliptera 1, 60 gracilis 13, 32, 36
Dipter acanthus 66 hirsuta 13, 21
e angustifolius 95, 96 lindavii 12, 15
ciliatus 66 litoralis 13, 31
7 erectus 95 microchiamys 14,39,40
geminiflorus 95 mirabilis 13, 18, 19
qeminifiorus var- angustifoli- mutisii 14,36,38
us..- 95,96 odorata 14,34,35
Jiaenhei 77 pedunculata 13,16
hirsutior^ 95 pennellii 13, 25, 26
paniculatus 76 pilosa 12,14
115
116 INDEX
Mendoncia — Continued Page

Ruellia Continued— Page
puberula 13,22 lasiostachya 68, 105, 106
rosea _ 13,28,29 loiigifilamentosa 88 67,
selloviana 22 lorcntziana 68,94
spcciosa 13,18, 19 macrophylla 67,73,79,80
splitgerberiana 22 macrophylla var, lutca 80
spraguei 13, 20 macrophylla var. puberula,. 67, 80
Mendoncia sprucei 13, 23 macrophylla /3 pubescens 80
Mendoncia velloziana 29 malacosperma 67, 68,73
Mendoncia velloziana var. sparat- nudiflora ^ 78
teria 30 obtusa 68,94,96
villosa 13, 21 paniculata 67, 76
Mendoncioideae 2, 4, 10 pcnnellii 68, 100, 101, 103
Meyidozia 12 potamophila 67, 71, 72
aspera 12, 14 purdieana 90
hirsuta 21 putumayensis 68, 106, 107
pilosa 14 ruiziana 84
puberula 22 rusbyi 07,86,87
puberula j3 micropus 22 sprucei 109
pubescens 22 st uebelii 90
racetnosa^ 12 teirastichaniha 91
selloviana. 22 tolimensis 67,70,71
velloziana 29 tuberosa 67,78,94
velloziana var. sparatteria 30 tubiflora 68,89,90,91
Mentha pulegium 60 tubiflora var. hirsuta 67, 93
Meyenia 40 tubiflora var, parviflora 68,93
Monochlamys 11 tubiflora var. parviflora f,
Naccdero 48 alba 68,93
Nelsonia 2, 5, 10 tubiflora var, tctrastichan-
albicans 10 tha 68, 91
brunelloides 10, 11 tubiflora var. tetrastichan-
Nelsonioideae 2, 4 tha f. bicolor 67,92
Onychacanthus 45 tubiflora var. tetrastichantha
arborea 40 f. flava 68,92,93
berlandierianus 45, 46 lurbacensts 76
cumingii 45, 46 uribei 68, 105, 108, 109
speciosus 46 viridiflora 68,98,99
Oreja de Mula 97 viscosa 76
Palo de agua 46 Ruellieao 44, 65
Petalidieae 44, 60 Sancarano 46
Patalidium 60 Sanchezia 2, 3, 45, 51
Phaylopsis 2, 44, 00, 64 lutea 51,53,54
parviflora 64, 65 oblonga 61
Pico de ava 42 parvibracteata 51,56
Pseudoealyx 40 parviflora 55
Raiz preta 30 pennellii 51
Rompebarringa 48 putumayensis 51, 55,56
lluellia. 1, 2, 3, 45, 48, 49, 60, 66 speciosa 3, 51,52
albicaulis 77 sprucei var. salvadorensis 56
alopecuroidea 111, 112 sylvestris 56
aquatica 68, 103, 104 Sancho arana 46
blechum 60 Scorodoxylu m 66
caueensis 67, 84, 85, 88 hartwegiaiium 66, 90
chariessa 67, 74, 75 Soldado parado 8
clandestina 78 Staurogyne 2, 5
colombiana 68,102,103 agrestis 7
colorata 68,97 argen tea 5
fulgida 69 lepidagathoides 5, 6
fulgida var, anigustissima. _ 67, 68 Stemonacanihus 66
geminiflora 68,95 hiiviboldtianus 89
gcminiflora var, angustifolia. 68, 95 sal viaef olius 66
geminiflora var. hirsutior 69 Teliostachya 2, 44, 109, 111, 112
gigantea 47, 48 alopecuroidea 111, 112
grisea 67, 81 cataractae 111, 112
humboldtiana 67, 89 diffusa _^ HI
inundata 67, 77 lanccolata 112, 113, 114
ischnopoda 67, 82, 83, 86 lanceolata var. crispa 112, 114
^' r I
.-T
INDEX 117
Page Thunbergia —Continued Page

42
Tetramerium 3, 64 lutea
Thunbergia__ 2, 3, 40 sulf urea 42
alata 40,41,42 volubilis 42
alata var. alba 42 Thunbergioideae 2, 4, 40
alata var. bakeri 41,42 Trichanthera 2, 44, 45, 47, 48
aurantiaca 42 corymbosa 48,50
aurantiaca subvar. doddsii.^ 42 gigantea -- 48,49
capensis 41 Trichanthereae 44, 45
cordijolia 43 Verbena squamosa 7, 8
fragrans 41, 42, 43 Yuca de puerco 78
f ryeri 42 Yuca-e-puerco 7o
grandiflora 41,43 Yuquilla 95
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CONTRIBUTIONS îthdraton
FROM THE

Volume 31, Part 2
/
THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA, II
By EMERY C. LEONARD
5<^
^^'
PUT
^^
WASHINGTON, D. C.
— r-- l»-.- '-T"
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
Volume 31, Part 2
THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA, H
By EMERY C. LEONARD
PER'
Siiog
^^fe:!is
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFEICK
WASHINGTON : 1953
Fi*r sale Ly the Superintendent of Dociiments, U. S* Government Printing Office
Washington 25, D, C, - Price 70 cents

II
PREFACE
Colombia
and
mi
published as Part I of Volume 31, Contributions from the United
National Herbarium, pp- 1-117, June 8, 1951. Part II consists
States
tribes of the second series, Imbricatae,
of a treatment of the first five
Acanthoideae, Nine genera, including 106 species, of
of the subfamily
73
Jason R. Swalle
Head Curator. Department of B
Museum
ni
JK
\
US
2-
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction
Systematic treatment
Subfamily Acanthoideae (continued from Part 1) H^
Series Imbricatac-
J
-^^^
Tribe Aphelandreae -
Neriacanthus
124
Stenandrium
127
Aphelandra ^^^
280
Encephalosphaera
Cyphacanthus — .
^85
Tribe Rhombochlamydeae
Rhomhochlamys
^ -
Tribe Asystasieae
Asystasia
Tribe Graptophylleae ^^^
Packystachys
Tribe Pseuderanthemeae ^
Pseuderanthemum
Index
V
172485
'
DEC 1953
_ im
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES
Paft
122
41, Neriacanthus grandiflorus Leonard
126
42. Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Nees
137
43, Aphelandra mutisii Leonard
139
44. Aphelandra eiiopla Leonard
141
45. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard
145
46. Aphelandra phobera Leonard
147
47, Aphelandra huilensis Leonard
149
48, Aphelandra porphyrolepis Leonard
152
49. Aphelandra crispata Leonard,
156
50. Aphelandra botanodes Leonard
158
5L Aphelandra silvicola Leonard 160
52. Aphelandra adsccndens Leonard o
16
53, Aphelandra ochrolarytLC Leonard
164
54. Aphelandra uribei Leonard
166
55. Aphelandra lonchochlamys Leonard
168
56- Aphelandra pxibcrula Leonard.
171
57. Aphelandra leiophylla Leonard
173
58. Aphelandra nana Leonard
174
59. Aphelandra sneidernii Leonard
178
60. Aphelandra lampranlha Leonard
180
61. Aphelandra lasia Leonard
182
62. Aphelandra taborensis Leonard
186
63. Aphelandra anomala Leonard
188
64. Aphelandra glischrochlamys Leonard
190
65. Aphelandra phlogea Leonard
193
66. Aphelandra lasiophylla Leonard
195
67. Aphelandra conformts Leonard
^^^
68. Aphelandra colombiensis Lindau ex Leonard
199
69. Aphelandra hoyacensis Leonard
70. A phelandra arisema Leonard
71. Aphelandra hillipii Leonard
72. Aphelandra cuafrecasasii Leonard
73. Aphelandra craura Leonard
74. Aphelandra pilosa Leonard
215
75. Aphelandra schieferae Leonard
218
76. Aphelandra parvispica Leonard
220
77. Aphelandra mildbraediana Leonard
222
78. Aphelandra barhleyi Leonard
225
79. Aphelandra daemonia Leonard
80. Aphelandra grandis Leonard
81. Aphelandra arisfei Leonsivd-
231
82. Aphelandra irianae Leonard
vn
.
VIII COXTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
83. Aphelandra alberi-smUhii Leonard __ 233
84. Aphelandra macropkylla Leonard
236
85. Aphelandra schullesii Leonard _ _ 238
86. Aphelandra haughiii Leonard
241
87. Aphelandra incarnaia Ijôniinl __
_ ^ 244
88. Aphelandra sericantha lieonsivd _ 249
89. Aphelandra xanlhaniha Ijeoimrd _____ 249
90. Aphelandra stranmiea Leonard _ 252
9L Aphelandra acolnikae Leonard
254
92. Aphelandra sericophylla Leonard _ 256
93. Aphelandra garciae Leonard
__ 258
94. Aphelandra crenata LconsLvd _ _ 260
95. Aphelandra hodgei Leonard _ 264
96. Aphelandra longispica Leonard
266
97. Aphelandra lingua-bovis Leonard _ 270
98. Aphelandra fernandezii Leonard
__ 272
99. Aphelandra chaponensis Leonard
274
100. Aphelandra pharangophila IjGoimrd " 276
101. Aphelandra arborescens Leonard _
"
278
102. Encephalosphaera vilellina Lindau _ 281
103. Cyphacanthus atopus Leonard
284
104. Rhornbochlamys rosulaia Lindau
_ _ 286
105. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders "_
" 288
106. Pachystachys rtedeliana Nees 291
107 Pseuderanthemum haughtii Leonard '
_ _ _ 294
108. Pseuderanthemum idroboi LeouRvd _ _ 296
109. Pseuderanthemum leiophjjllum Leonard _ _ 298
110. Pseuderanthemum poecilanthum Leonard ~
300
111. Pseuderanthemum ewanii Leonard '
_ 303
"
112. Pseuderanlhemum pennellii Leonard 304
113. Pseuderanthemum sneidernii Leonard "
3O6
114. Pseuderanthemum polamophilum Leonard
"~ 309
115. Pseuderanthemum hylophilum Leonard _ _ 311
116. Pseuderanthemum chaponense Loonst^rd "
31Q
__
117. Pseuderanthemum stenosiphon Leonard __ _ 315
118. Pseuderanthemum cwa/recasasn Leonard '
__ 317
: :
THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II
By Emery C. Leonard
INTRODUCTION
and Harms (Genera Sipbono-
Ten tribes are listed by Dalla Torre
Eight of these tribes are repre-
cramarum) in the series Imbricatae.
one more genera from Colombia. The f ollowmg five
sented by or
tribes are discussed in the present treatment
6. Aphelandreae
7. Rhombochlamycleae
8. Asystasieae
9. Graptophylleae
10. Pseuderanthemeae
Odontonemeae, Isoglosseae, and Justi-

The remaining, three tribes,
reserved for treatment in Part III of the Acanthaceae
cieae, will be
of Colombia.
'
Subfamily 4. ACANTHOIDEAE (continued from Part 1)
Series B. IMBEICATAE
Bot. Jalirb. Engler 18: 46. 1893.
Imbricatae Lindau,
key will serve to separate the Colombian

The following artificial
genera represented in the five tribes listed above
Anthers 1-celled.
Corolla lobes subequal, spreading.
15. Neriacanthus
Bracts pink or white; plants shrubby
16. Stenandrium
Bracts usually green; plants herbaceous
Corollas 2-lipped.
19. Cyphacanthus
Calyx 3-parted
Calyx 5-parted.
the surfaces divided into tetragons.
Pollen grains spherical,
18. Encephalospliaera
Pollen grains elongated, cleft.

longitudinal clefts, often with
Spaltenpollen {ellipsoidal grains with 3
17- Aphelandra
a pore in each cleft)
spaltenpollen in having the clefts
DaubenpoUen (difCering from the
stave-shaped) and each containing
much broader and flatter (i. e.,
20. Bhombochlamys
^ g^
Leonard. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb., 31, pt. 1 44. 1951.

'
B C :
119
Anthers 2-celled.
Stamens 4 21. Asystasia
Stamens 2.
Corolla largo, 2-lippe<l ; stamlnodes, if present, rudimentary ; bracts large.
22. Pachystachys
Corolla usually small with a limb of 5 subequal spreading lobes stamlnodes ;
well developed; bracts small 23. Pseuderanthemum
Tribe 6. Apuelandreae Nees
Aphelandreae Nees, DC. Prodr. 11 : 279. 1847.
ubs ; leaves various

flowers borne in bracted spikes
;
,
the segments subequal, membranaceous-chartaceous
hypocrateriform or infundibular, the limb subregular
ngent; stamens 4, subdidynamous anthers 1-celled ;
L by their hirsute tips : capsules clavate. 4-seeded-
KEY TO THE GENERA

Corolla lobes subequal, spreading, the tube narrow.
Plants shrubby bracts rather large, toothed, white or pink
; ; staminodes slender.
15. Neriacanthus
Plants herbaceous, often subacaulescent ; bracts small, usually lanceolate,
entire (in Colombian species), green staminodes none__ 16.
Stenandrium
;
Corollas 2 lipped, the tube usually infundibular, although narrowly go, but
the
mouth always appreciably broader than the base.
Calyx 3-parted 19. Cyphacanthus
Calyx 5-parted.
Pollen grains ellipsoidal bearing 3 longitudinal clefts, each
of these often
bearing a pore 17. Aphelandra
Pollen grains spherical, the markings forming 6 tetragons.
18. Encephalosphaera
15. NERI ACANTHUS Benth.
Benth. & Hook. Gsn PI

This is one of 2- ir
the many generic names in the family Acanthaceae formed by
adding a
prefix to Acanmis. Here the prefix Neri, from vr,p6s, means wet, in allusion,
undoubtedly, to the high damp mountain slopes, the natural habitat of the
species. Type species: Neriacanthus purdieamis Benth. Type locality:
Jamaica.
Aphanandrium Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b: 323.
1895. The
name is derived from a4>ayvs, invisible, and ay&p6i male sex, in
allusion,
no doubt, to the deeply included stamens. Type species: Aphanandrium
lehmannianum.
Plants shrubby; leaves opposite, the blades entire

or undulate;
flowers borne in terminal or axillary peduncled
spikes; bracts im-
bricate, entire, usually colored, conspicuous bractlets
shorter than the ;
calyx ; calyx deeply S-parted, the segments narrow,

the posterior one
lightly wider than the others, all striate-nerved,
their margins
snbhyaline corolla tube subcylindric, the lobes imbricate,
;
the posterior
;;
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 121
lobe borne
filiform
terminated
punctate, 4-seeded, the basal portion
stipitate, glabrous, nitid, finely
flattened, suborbicular, subtended by blunt-tipped
nacula.
he present paper only two species have been proposed
N. lehmannimus from , Colombia and Peru, and N.
purdieamis Benth. from Jamaica

ignized by
slender
anthers.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
Corolla 4 cm. long
lilac,
1- ^- ffrandifiorus
or yellow proximally, 2 cm. long 2. N, lehmannianus
Corolla white
sp. nov. FiGUEB
1. Neriacanthus grandiflorus Leonard,
glabris; lamina foliorum
Suffrutex
acuminata
in petiolum decurrens, glabra, vel in venis parce puberulenta et m
petioli glabri pendunculi glabri
marginibus parce et minute hirsuta ; ;
subvirides, minute punctatae,

spicae terminales; bracteae albae vel
basi angustatae, in marginibus
glabrae, oblongo-ellipticae, subacutae,
anguste lanceolatae, striatae, glabrae;
minute serratae; bracteolae
glabra, basi carinata et indurata
calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata,
glabra, tubo^ angusto, lobis
corolla lilacina, supra puberula, infra
capsulae glabrae, minute punctatae.
rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis ;
Suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high stems subquadrangular,

;
oblong-ellip-
glabrous, the basal portion about 5 mm. thick leaf blades ;
cm. lonef, 1.5 to 4.5 cm

from
middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, the upper surface drying
greenish
margins
prominent petioles 1 to ;
terminal, about 8 cm. long and 3 cm. broad peduncles

<dabrous spikes
:
;
3-4
minute
mm
minutelv serrate toward tip, the teeth
narrowly lanceolate, un-
mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad at base ; bractlets
the larger 8.5 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, the smaller one 8 mm.
equal,
parallel-nerved and glabrous,
long and barely 1 mm. wide, both acute,
segments subequal, narrowly lanceolate, 1
the costa prominent; calyx
glabrous, finely parallel-nerved, the
cm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, acute,
corolla lilac, 4 cm. long, glabrous
basal portion carinate and indurate;
thence minutely puberulous, gla-
without from base to middle of tube,
brous within except the medial region, this minutely hirsute,

the hairs
about 0.25 mm. long, white, spreading, the tube narrowly
cylindric,
1.5 mm. broadexcept at the regions of the anthers, here enlarged
to
2 mm., the limb 1.5 cm. broad, the lobes spreading, obovate, about 1 cm.
long and 6 to 8 mm. wide, rounded or shallowly emarginate;
stamens
inserted about 2 cm. above the base of the corolla tube,
the filaments 1
mm. long, pilosulous anthers 3 mm. long, their tips adherent capsules
;
;
to
miiiu
punctate; retinacula 2.5 mm, long, nearly straight, the tips cucullate;
mature seed
Figure 41. Nerâcanthus grandxfioûs Leonard

{S:uatrccasas 15625): a.Tip of stem showing
nfiorescence and uppermost leaf blades;
I, bract; .. bractlet; d, calyx opened to show
lobes; ., valve of capsule shewing
retinacula. {a. Half natural si.e; h-e, natural
size.)
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1852711,

collected in
crummi
'
EI Valle, Colombia, 1,250
), 1943, by J. Cuatrecasas (I
NeAacanthus grandiftorm
cict from N. lehmannianus
\
ac flowers and by the neai

N
;
Leonard: the acanthaceae of Colombia, ii 123
TOrs are white and do not exceed 2 cm. in length and

blade are generally
;
puberuloiis. Likewise the bracts of this
..^ ,r oj.^v..w ... e much larger than those of N, lehmannianus. At least
some of them are as much as 23 mm. long, instead of only 15 mm.
2. Neriacanthus lehmannianus (LIndaii) Lindau

Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam IV, 3b:
Aphanandrium Ichmanniammi
Lehmann, a collector of Costa Rican,
323. 1895. Named in honor of F. C.
Guatemalan, and Colombian plant specimens.

Lindau, Urb. Symb. Antill. 2 209. 1900. Here,
Neriacanthus lehmannianus in :
purdicanus Lenth., Lindau combines the genus

in an observation under N.
Aphanandrium with Neriacanthus, and cites Lebmann's 7S52 from Ecuador
as type of the species.
stems usually simple, erect or
Herbs, sometimes woody at base;
glabrous below, the npper
ascending, terete or subquadrangular at tip,
the hairs minute, sordid, variously

portions more or less puberulous,
to oblanceolate, up to 13 cm. long
curved; leaf blades oblong-elliptic
narrowed at base, chartaceous,
and 4 cm. wide, acuminate or acute,
drying blackish, glabrous,
entire or undulate, the upper surface
costa and lateral veins (8 to 12
minutely faveolate under lens, the
drying olive, puberulous, the hairs
pairs) obscure, the lower surface
puberulous; flowers borne in
sordid; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
long and to 1.5 cm. broad, the spikes
peduncled spikes 3 to 6 cm. 1
terminal, solitary or in 2's or 3's, the peduncles 1 to 4. cm. long,

glabrous or nearly so bracts
these and the rachis quadrangular, ;
obovate, the larger and lowermost about 15 mm. long and 7 mm.
wide, successively smaller toward tip of spike, all obtuse, more or less
chartaceous, glabrous, irregularly and sparingly serrate, pink in
living plants, drying reddish brown; bractlets narrowly lanceolate,

mm. wide, gradually narrowed to a
5 toli.S mm. long, about 0.75
carinate, striate-nerved, the costa prominent
subulate tip, glabrous,
segments linear-lanceolate, gradually
calyx 6 to 6.5 mm. long, the
narrowed to a subulate tip, the posterior segment 1 mm. wide, the
lateral ones 0.5 mm. wide, and the anterior pair 0.75 mm. wide, all
corolla white, or yellow proximally,

glabrous and striate-nerved;
glabrous, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the tube 12 mm. long, 1 mm. broad at
mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence gradually

base, enlarged to 1.75
mm. at mouth, the upper portion subcylindric, the limb
narrowed to 1
or obovate, emarginate,
lobes elliptic the
about 1 cm. broad, the
and anterior ones
posterior lobe 6 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, the lateral
about the
6 long, and 2.25 to 2.5 mm.
mm. wide; stamens inserted
middle of the corolla tube, the filaments about 2 mm. long, these
tube in the vicinity of their insertion
and the portion of the corolla
pubescent, the anthers 2 mm. long, 0.25 mm. broad, affixed midway
tips recurved pistil about 1 cm. long,
between middle and base, their ;
glabrous ; capsules 12 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, pointed at apex, gla-

;
brous, nitid, minutely punctate, 4-seeded, the solid basal portion

about
?> mm. long and 2 mm. broad, the seed
brown, the retinncnln 9, mm
ounded
the hiffher mountain
The specimens cited were collected from 1,700 to 2,900 meters.
Colombia to Peru.
Caldas: La Linea, Quiudio, Dryander 2140 (US).
CaUca: Between Timbiqui and Alicay, Lehmann B. T. 440
(NY).
El Valij:: La Cumbre, Bazen & Killip 11152 (Ph, NY, US) Pennell
& Killip ;
5789 (Ph, NY, US). San Antonio, Dryander 2288 (Valle) Killip & Oarcia ;
33G7S (US), 33889 (US). Call, Lehmann 2966 (US).

Cuesta de Tocotd, on road
Irom Buenaventura to Calf, PitiierQlO (US).
Department (? ) : Sommet de la Cordillera Occidental, Langlass^ 44 (US I
16. STENANDRIUM Nees

Stemindrium Nees, in Lindl. Intr. Bot., ed. 2, 444. 1836. The name comes from
areydi,narrow, and cLpSp6s, male sex, and alludes to the narrow anthers a
character common to the tribe Aphelandreae. Type
species : Sienandrium
maudioccanum Nees.
Small perennial, caulescent or acaulescent herbs, the leaves
often
radical flowers borne in spikes, these sessile,
; subsessile, pedunculate
or borne on slender scapes, the peduncles or scapes
simple or branched
bracts ovate to lanceolate, herbaceous, entire or
occasionally toothed
calyx segments 5, narrow, subequal, usually
striate-nerved ; corollas
pink, white or purple, the tube slender, cylindric,
more or less incurved
and briefly ampliate at throat, the limb oblique, spreading, 5-lobed,
the lobes obovate, rounded or retuse, imbricate
stamens 4, didynamous';
affixed in the throat of the corolla tube,

included, the filaments very
short, the anthers oblong, 1-celled, conniving
or subcohering in pairs,
sometimes barbellate at tip, muticous at base style subclavate
at ;
apex,
briefly 2-lobed ovules 2 in each cavity capsules oblong to subfusif
; ;
orm,
subterete seeds 4 or fewer by abortion, piano-compressed,
;
orbiculate,
minutely hispid or muricate, subtended by rather long
retinacula.
The species of this genus are widely distributed
throughout the
tropicaland subtropical regions of America. The acaulescent
ones
are easy enough to recognize by virtue
of their habit alone; the
stemmed plants may confuse one at first sight by their
very different
appearance, but they always possess the characteristic
flowers of the
genus. More than 60 species are now recognized.
KEY TO THE SPECIES

Plants caulescent.
Stems glabrous spikes b(jrne in terminal trichotomous
;
corymbs •
leaf blades
long-cuspidate
j ^ corymiosum
Stems pubescent; spikes borne on simple or forked
peduncles; leaf blades
acutish
2. S. radicosum
Plants acaulescent. , ^ v., ^ „„»f,.

exceeding the leaves leaf blades ovate
Peduncles shorter than or but slightly ;
at apex 3. S. duice
to oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, obtuse
leaf blades oblong, acuminate.
Peduncles much exceeding the leaves ;
4. 8. humholdhanum
1. Stenandrium corymbosum Nees
Type collected in
Prodr. 11: 727. 1847.
Stenandrium corvmbosum Nees. DC.
(Hooker Herbarium, Kew). Corymhosum
Colombia by Lobb (No. 171)
this contrasting with the usually
alludes to the flat-topped inflorescence,
peduncled spikes of the genus.

high, simple, more or less succulent,
Herbs; stem about 30 cm.
10 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 cm. wide,
glabrous; leaf blades oblong,
long-cuspidate at apex, acute at base, entire petioles up
obtusish and ;
to 18 mm. long flowers

; borne in short spikes, these in turn borne a m
bracts oval, much
memb
calyx ; corolla about 13 mm. long.
Not seen. Description compiled from the original.
Endemic.
2. Stenandrium radicosum Nees
radicosum Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 283. 1847. Type locality:
Stenandrium
Colomb
gen. berol." type
(h. Hooker), Moritz n. 1273 in h.
Berlin Herbarium is in the U. S. National Herbarxum

material from the
(Field Mus. photograph No. 8686). Radicosum
roots supposedly produced by the plant.
leafy toward tip; leaf blades elliptic-oblong,

Stems rooting at base,
cm. wide, acutish at apex, narrowed at base
up to 16 cm. long and 6
petioles slender, up to 4 cm. long;
and decurrent on the petiole;
spikes lax, up to 5 cm^
peduncles up to 8 cm. long, simple or forked ;
spreading, acuminate, bearing a pair of

long, the bracts lanceolate,
small marginal teeth near the apex, ciliate.
compiled from the original and
Specimen not seen. Description
from the photogra
given by Nees is confusing. As Moritz is not
The
type locality as
most likely came
from the Venezuela
occur in the adjacent Santa
Since the species however may actually
Marta Mountains of Colombu
treatment.
Figure 42
3. Stenandrium duke (Cav.) Nees
Icon. PI. 6: 62. pi. 585, 2. 1801. Type
Buellia dulcis Cav. fig.
Talcahuano, Chile, by Cavanilles. Dulds, sweet, alludes, no doubt, to the

name was evidently suggested
esthetic appeal of the plant. This specific
vernacular name "canchelahua dulce."

to Cavanilles by its
;
126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HEKBARIUM
Stenandrium duke Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 282. 1847. Based on Ruellia dulcis
Cav.
Oerardia^ dulcis Rlake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 101. 1917. Based on RuclUa
dulcis Cav.
Rootstocks 1 to several cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. in diameter; roots thick-

fibrous
o
obtuse
firm.
slightly crenate. minutely hirsut
spreading, up to 1 mm. Ion
puberul
or sometimes glabrous and sparingly ciliate, or, rarely, subtomentose
Figure Al.—Stenandnum duke (Cav.) Nces {a, PiTez-Arhelaez

3031; b, c, Conde Hugo de
Tarragon, Araque-M. & BarkUy ISCu.lOO): a. Plant; b,
bract and bractlets; c, calyx
segment, (a, b, Natural size; c, twice natural size.)
flowers borne in sessile, subsessile or peduncled spikes, usually

2 to 3
cm. long or occasionally up to 6 cm. long, the peduncles, if present,
both hirsute and puberulous; bracts oblong-lanceolate, 8 to
12 mm.
loiig. 1.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, acute to acuminate,
imbricate, inconspicu-
more
mm. long, or sometimes both pilose and puberulous;
bractlets nar-
rowly lanceolate, about 5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, 3-nerved,
ciliate;
calyx segments narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 7 mm. long, 1
mm. wide'
striate-nerved, minutely ciliolate, the margins subhyaline;
corolla
purple, glabrous, up to 2 cm. long, the tube slender, about 1 mm.
broad,
*Tlie genus Gerardia L. commemorates John Gerard, a famous English herb-

alist (1545 to 1607). This genus, however, belongs to the family Scrophulari-
aceae, notwithstanding the fact that the first species treated
by Linnaeus under
Qerardia (Sp. PI. 610. 1753) is of the fanuly Acanthaceae. (Mon.
Acad Nat Sci
Philadelphia 1: 410. 1935.)
;
.
slightly enlarged at base, the limb about cm. broad, the lobes sub- 1.5
oblong, 2.5 mm. in diameter, glabrous
equal, obovate, obtuse capsules ;
or puberulous at tip; seeds flattened, ovate, 3 mm. long and 2.5 mm.
broad, appressed-pilose.
Andes.
A
variable species inhabiting the grassy, upper slopes of the
Colombia, Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina.

CuNDiNAMAKCA : Paramo de Choarlii, vicinity of Bogota, Gabriel G (US). La
Southwest of Las Cruces, Pennell 2191 (NY,
ricotd, P^res-Arheldez 3031 (US).
(US). San Crist6bal, Sabana de Bogotft,
US). Sabana de Bogotd, Daive 201
Pring 36 (Mo), Sabana de Bogotd, near Madrid, Conde Hugo de Tarragon,
Araque d Barkley ISCu.lOO (US) Hacienda de Tequendama,

.
Triana s. n. (Col)
4. Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees

Stenandrium humholdtiamtm Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 284. 1847. Type collected
Humboldt and deposited in the Berlin Herbarium.

at Atures, Venezuela, by
Photograph in the U. S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. Photograph No.
8683) Named
. in honor of Alexander von Humboldt.
Acaulescent; leaf blades oblong, acuminate, gradually narrowed to
peduncle 15 to 20 cm. long spikes loose

a short petiole, hirsute, entire ;
;
bracts lanceolate, slightly longer than the calyx, decussate, spreading;

mm. lone:, 1 mm
mm
puberulous at tip, striate-nerved ; corolla 1.5 cm. long, the tube sub-
emarginate
Colombia, Venezuela.
Depaetment (?) : Without locality, Claes (US).
17. APHELANDRA R. Br.
Here under Jttsticia Robert

Aphelandra R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 475. 1810.
Brown proposed the generic name Aphelandra to include the following
pulolitrrima Jacq., /. srahra Vahl, and J. cristata Jacq.
species: Justicia
Type species: Justicia pulcherrima Jacq. Aphelandra is from the Greek
smooth, and aj-Sp^s, anther.
d^-:\^T,
Hcmisandra Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Sei. Bruxelles. 9: 22. 1842. Type H.
aurantiaca Scheidw. Hcmisandra is derived from two Greek words, v/u,
and avSpo;, anther.

half,
Lagochilium Nees, in Mart. Fl. Bras. Six species are described
9: 83. pi. 10. 1847.
here by Nees. The first of these, L. niaximilianum Nees, by virtue of its
being illustrated, can be chosen as the type species. When compared with
Aphelandra, the genus Lagochilium is characterized, according to Nees, by its
nearly regular (subbilabiate) corolla limb and generally by its herbaceous

nature. It seems in a way between Aphelandra
to be intermediate and
Stenandrium. The epithet is derived from the Greek words, Xayws, hare, and
from a fancied resemblance of one of the corolla lobes
xd\oi, lip, evidently
to a hare's lip.
Shrubs or suffrutescent herbsleaves opposite, petiolate, the blades

;
usually large, oblong to elliptic, toothed, lobed, entire, or crenate;
228609—53 2
;
flowers of various shades of red, yellow, orange or occasionally white

or cream, borne in terminal usually large-bracted spikes; flower-
bracts entire or toothed, those of certain species bearing dorsally on
either side a group of ocelli, these few, oval, brownish, rather con-
spicuous or very numerous and minute appearing even under magni-
fication as a more or less irregular alveolar area ; bractlets various, in a
few species rudimentary; calyx divided nearly to the base
segments, these usually lajiceolate or oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous or
chartaceous, striate-veined, the posterior segment usually broader
and ithed at tip (in a few species the
tube st
>ilobed
spreading, S-lobed, the middle lobe often larger than the lateral ones,
these sometimes very small and adnate to the base of the upper lip
stamens usually slightly exscrted, but rarely if ever exceeding the
4,
upper lip of the corolla; anthers narrow, one-celled, often pilose
dorsally and adhering at tips by webby hairs ; capsules usually ovoid
or cylindric, 4-seeded.
Aphelandra, one of the larger genera of the family, is restricted to
tropical America. The flowering spikes are often large and beauti-
fully colored, even to the bracts, and in certain species varigated or
colored leaves occur. In spite of its attractiveness, however, these
plants are rarely met with in cultivation, possibly because of culture
difficulties. may
species are shade plants from damp forests. In contrast to most
genera of the family, there are no cystoliths.
series
bracts
or absence of teeth, spiny or otherwise, on the margins of the leaf
blades or flower bracts, and the presence or absence of ocelli on the
flower bracts. These ocelli may be represented by one to several
rather large oval brownish or blackish glands plainly visible under
a lens or even to the unaided eye, or again they may be very numerous
and minute, under a high magnification. Without aid of
visible only
a lens, these minute ocelli appear as more or less irregular dark
alveo-
lar areas on the bracts.
In one large group of species, chiefly the fulchernma-tetragona
complex, the lower lip of the corolla is apparently entire and seems
to consist of a single segment. A careful examination however, will,
reveal small lateral lobes, adnate to the basal portion of the upper
lip with only tlieir tips free and appearing as small
rounded or tri-
angular projections.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
A, Stems armed by spiny interpetiolar bracts.
Corollas glabrous.
Leaf blades glabrous beneath or essentially so.
Corollas red 1- ^- runcinata

la. A. runcinata var. straminea
Corollas stramineous
lb. A. runcinata var. pilosa
Leaf blades pilose beneath
Corollas pubescent, touientose or hirtellous (unknown in No. 4),
Leaf blades 3 cm. wide or less.

Bracts spiny-margined leaf blades
;
densely pilo^sc or subtomcntose.
2. A, mutisii
leaf blades glabrous or essentially so 3. A, eaopla

Bracts entire;
Leaf blades, at least some of them, 5 cm. wMde or more.
Stems L'labrous ; calyx segments rounded and mucronate.
4. A. porphyrocarpa
strigose, hirsute, or subtomentose, at least above; calyx

Stems minutely
segments obtusish to acute or acuminate.
Corollas yellow.
incised; bracts triangular-ovate, acuminate, spar-
Leaf blades deeply
pairs of teeth) corollas 3.4 to
ingly serrate (usually about 3 ;
4 long
cm- 5. A, ucanthm
bracts lanceolate to obloug-ovate, ser-
Leaf blades shallowly incised;
of teeth) corollas 4 to 6 cm, long. 6. ^4, pholera
rate (4 to 9 pairs ;
Corollas red or orange red.

Leaf blades deeply incised, the lobes triangular to oblong, up to 7 cm.
prominently and rather closely spinose-ser-
long, the margins
lower corolla lip flat 7, A. hull€}isis
rate middle lobe of the
;
or shallowly incised, the segments broadly

Leaf blades serrate-dentate
triangular, about 1 cm. long (larger leaves), the margins spar-
spinose-toothed middle lobe of the lower
ingly and distantly ;
corolla lip strongly cucullate^- 8. A. porphyrolepis
A. Stems unarmed, i. e.. without spiny interpetiolar bracts.

B. Leaf blades lyrate-pinnatifid or coarsely serrate.
9. A, quercifolia
Leaves and corollas glabrous
Leaves and corollas more or less pubescent.
Bracts toothed 10 ^- ^^^^^^
Bracts entire H^ ^- criapata
entire or undulate, or rarely shallowly crenate.
B. Leaf blades
C. Bracts toothed.
D. Corollas up to 2 cm. long (2.5 cm. in No. 16)-
12. A, amoldii
Bracts 2 mm. wide or less
Bracts 3.5 to 8 mm. wide.
Peduncles about V2 cm. long 13. A. parviflora
Peduncles 6 cm. long or less.

subcordate at base 14. A, mollis
Leaf blades
Leaf blades narrowed at base.
Flowers borne in a terminal trifurcate panicle— 15. 4. lotanodes
Flowers borne in terminal or lateral spikes.
Corolla 2.5 cm. long; costal and lateral veins of leaf blades
bordered by white or yellow 16. A. silvicola
Corolla 12 to 15 mm. long; leaf blades uniformly green.
Teeth of bracts about 0.5 mm. long 17. A. adscendens

Teeth of bracts up to 3 mm. long 18. A. oclirolarynw
D. Corollas 3 to 6 cm. long.

B. Bracts without ocelli.
Bracts narrow, G.5 mm. wide or loss.
Marginal teeth of bracts subulate 19. A. urihci
Marginal teeth of the bracts low, minute 20. A. lonchochlamys
Bracts relatively wide (10 mm. or more).
Marginal teeth of the bract.s subulate, up to 4 mm. luu;,'.
Lips of the corolla subequal and somewhat similar, the lateral
lobes of the lower lip nearly as long as the iniddle one.
puberula 21. A.
Lips of the corolla unequal and very dissimilar, the lower lip
longer than the upper, the lateral lobes ot the lower lip much
smaller than the middle lobe 22. A. uurantiaea
Marginal teeth of the bracts minute, about 0.25-1.5 mm. long.
Bracts glabrous 23. A. leiophylla
Bracts puberulous.
Leaf blades relatively small (up to 7 cm. long and 23 mm.
wide) 24. A. nava
Leaf blades large (up to 20 cm. long and 8 cm. wide or more).
Lips of the corolla subequal, about 15 mm. long.
25. A. sneidernii
Lips of the corolla unequal and dissimilar, about 2 cm. long.
22. A. nurunt'mca
E. Bracts bearing ocelli.
Ocelli borne in a depression.
Leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to G cm. wide; bracts subrhom1)ic,
their tips spreading or recurved 26. A. impressa
Loaf blades narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolnte and not exceeding
21 mm. in width; bracts fiat, tbeir tips not spreading or
recurved 27. A. lampmntha
Ocelli borne on the flat surface of the bracts.
Lower surface of the leaf blades densely pilose, the hairs up to 1.5
mm. long 28. A. lasia
Lower surface of leaf blades hirtellous or tomentose, the hairs
mostly up to 0.5 nmi. long.
Ocelli numerous, minute, appearing without a lens, as an alveolar
area 29. A. taiorevsit
Ocelli few, large and conspicuous.
Teeth bordering the bracts slender, up to 1.5 mm. long.
30. A. deppeana
Teeth bordering the bracts, if present, minute and inconspicuous.
52. A. dacmonia
C. Bracts entire.
F. Ocelli lacking.
Hairs on the bracts, at least in part, gland-tipped.
Bracts ovate, 2 cm. wide; corolla yellow with purple spots.
31. A. anomala
Bracts lanceolate, 1.2 cm. wide or less; corolla red or flame
color.
Bractlets lance-subulate, 2 mm. wide; bracts 2 cm. long and
up to
7 mm. wide 32. a. glischrocMamys
Biactlets lanceolate, 3.5 mm. wide; bracts up to 3 cm. long and
12 mm. wide 33. ^. pjaoffea
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, 11 131
Hairs on the bracts eglandular (or absent).

Corolla bright red.
Leaf blades variegated, the costa and veins with adjoining area
bright silver 34, A. fascinator
Leaf blades solid green.
Bracts and corolla glabrous, or the corolla pruinose.
35. A, alexandri
Bracts or corolla pubescent,
Rachis silvery pubescent 36. A. lasiophylla
Raehis puberulous.
Leaf blades oblong-ovate, 4 to 5 cm. wide bracts
;
rhombic-
ovate, eciliate or minutely ciliolate at apex.
37* A, conformis
Leaf
oblong-lanceolate, ciliate, the hairs 0.5 to 0.75 mm. long.
Spikes solitary leaves glabrous
J
38. A. laicranceae
Spikes 2 or more, crowded costa and lateral veins of the

;
lower surface of the leaf blades minutely puberulous

or hirtellous 39. A. cotombiensis
Corolla white, cream, reddish, or purple, not bright red.

Calyx segments well developed, 1 cm. long or more.
Bracts up to 15 mm, long, their veins obscure— 3G. A, lasiophylla
Bracts, at least some of them, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. lon^r, their veins
prominent
Bracts subglabrous, eciliate 40. A, loyacensis
Bracts puberulous, strongly ciliate 41. A. arisema
Calyx segments vestigial {0.5-2 mm. long).

Bracts obtuse or rounded, their margins liyaline to the width
0.5 mm., the veinlets ending evenly to form a well-deflned
margin.
Plants nearly glabrous; flowers reddish 42. A. kiUipii
Plants pubescent, the upper part of the stems retrorsely

strigose 43. A, cuatrecasasii
Bracts acute or acuminate, their margins, if hyaline, not evenly
so.
Corolla white or pale cream; spikes cylindric.
44. A. doUchantha
Corolla purplish; spikes ovate 45. A. craura
F. Ocelli present.
G. Ocelli represented by 1 or more well-deflned elliptical, brown, more
or less nitid areas.
H. Rachis more or less covered with a white, flocculose tomentum.
Hairs of the stems more or less spreading.
Lower surface of the leaf blades pilose, the hairs up to 1.5 mm.
long; bracts 9 mm. long, inconspicuously puberulous or
glabrate 46, A. pilosa
Lower surface of the leaf densely and softly gray-
blades
pubescent, the hairs up to 1 mm. long; bracts 6 to 7 mm.
long, densely and finely puberulous 47. A. pulcherrima
Hairs of the stems appressed.
Leaves subtending the branches of the paniculate inflorescence
large and conspicuous, up to 36 cm. long and 10 cm, wide,
their lower surfaces densely and softly pilose.
48. A* sQhieferae
132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HEfRBARITTM
Lenves subtending the branches of the inflorescence small, or else

the spikes solitary or fascicled at the tips of the branches, the
lower surfaces of the leaf blades sparingly and inconspicu-
ously strigose.
Spikes slender-peduncled, forming small terminal panicles;
spikes up to 8 mm. broad 49. A. parvispica
Spikes subsessile, solitary or fascicled spikes 8 to 15 mm. broad.
;
Leaf blades relatively small, up to 13 cm, long and 4 cm.

wide; ocelli small and rather inconspicuous, up to
0.5 mm. long 50. A. mildbraediana
Leaf blades large, up to 35 cm. long and 12.5 cm. wide;
ocelli large and conspicuous, 0.5 to 1 mm. in diameter.
Bracts 7.5 mm. long, drying light brown ocelli 6 or 7 in;
number, light brown, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter.

51. A, harlcleyi
Bracts 5 mm. long, drying dark brown ; ocelli solitary or
occasionally several, very conspicuous, dark brown to
almost black, up to 1 mm, in diameter, 52. A, daemonia
IL Rachis glabrous, puberulous or hirsute, or if flocculose, the hairs
brownish.
Bracts 2 cm. long or more.
Bracts ovate, rounded, appressed-pubescent to glabra te.
53. J., grandis
Bracts oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, finely and velvety pubescent.
Leaf blades densely and softly pilose beneath 54. A. aristei
Leaf blades glabrous or sparingly hirtellous beneath.
55. A. trianae
Bracts 1,2 cm. long or less.
Bracts acute to subacute.
Rachis glabrous or sparingly pilose; bracts up to 0.7 cm. long,
56, A. albert'Smithii
Rachis clothed with a brownish flocculose tomentum.
Inflorescence a large terminal panicle of rather small spikes;
ocelli minute and inconspicuous, up to 0.5 ram. in diam-
eter_ 57^ X. macrophyUa
Inflorescence consisting of a single spike or a fascicle of 3,
these subsessile or short-pedunculate; ocelli conspicuous,
up to 0.75 mm. in diameter,
Costa densely strigose on the upper surface of the leaf
blades; bracts acute, 6 mm. long or less, 4 mm. wide,
the ocelli up to 1.25 mm. long__ 58. A. scJiultesii
Costa glabrous or sparingly strigose on the upper surface
of the leaf blades bracts subacute, 7.5 mm. long and
;
6 mm. wide, the ocelli up to 0.75 mm. long.

51. X, l)arkleyi
Bracts rounded or obtuse, or only the lowermost acute.
Stems hirsute, the hairs up to 1.5 mm. long_„ 59. A. haughtii
Stems puberulous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long.
incarnata
a. Ocelli numerous, minute, forming a dull, alveolar spot, this
some-
times deciduous,
I. Corollas yellow, straw-color, or rose. , .
8-12
spike? (without corollas) 2 to 3 cm. broad.
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 133
Corollas densely pubescent, the hairs upwardly appressed.

61. A. sericantha
Corollas glabrous or papillose.

Bracts broadly rhombic-ovate, obtuse or rounded at tip.
62. A, hart loeg tana
Bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute G3. A, wanthantha
Bracts smaller, up to 13 mm. long and 10 mm, wide spikes (without

;
corollas) up to 12 mm. broad (2 cm. in A, crenata),

Rachis white-tomentose.
Leaf blades large, up to 30 em. long and 11.5 cm, wide; spikes
up to 26 cm. long 64, A. straminea
Leaf blades smaller, up to 14 cm. long and 5 cm, wide spiltes ;
cm
Low
65. A. scolnikae
Lower surface of leaf blades silky-pilose- 66. A, sericophylla

Rachis glabrous or minutely pilose, the hairs, if present, 0.5 mm.
long or less.
Corolla minutely hirsute ; leaf blades entire or undulate,
67. A. garciae
Corolla papillose; leaf blades, at least the lower, strongly

crenate t>8. A, crenata
I. Corollas red or carmine.

J. Rachis flocculose-tomentose.
Stems densely to moderately strigose; leaf blades coriaceous.
Leaf blades densely silky-pilose beneath___ 66. A. sericophylla
Leaf blades glabrous or minutely strigose beneath.
Glabrous margins of the bractlets about 1 mm. wide; leaf
blades drying dull green 65. A. scolnikae
Glabrous margins of the bractlets barely 0.5 mm, wide leaf ;
blades drying a nitid brown 69. .4. glairata

Stems glabrous, or the tips minutely and sparingly strigose; leaf
blades membranaceous.
Bractlets 12 mm. long and 3 mm, wide, each bearing a well-
defined tooth near base; spikes up to 13 cm, long and 1.5
^-
cm. broad 70, A, hodgei
Bractlets 8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, entire spikes up to 30
;
cm. long and 8 mm, broad 71. A. longispica
J. Rachis glabrous or hirtellous, not floccose-tomentose.

Corollas densely hirtellous 61. A. aericantha
Corollas glabrous or puberulous.
Calyx conspicuously longer than the bracts.
Bracts acute 72. A. bUindii
Bracts obtuse or subobtuse.
Bractlets 1 cm. long, 4 mm, wide, subacute.
02. A. hartwegiana
Bractlets 1.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, acuminate.
73. -4, lingua-hovis
1
Calyx slightly shorter than bracts.
A. fernandezH
F
Bracts up to 2,5 cm. long 74.
Bracts less than 1.2 cm. long.

Bracts glabrous 75. A, chaponensis
Bracts medially strigose.

Medial region of the bracts densely strigose.
76. A. pharangophila
Medial region of the bracts thinly strigose.
77. A. arboresccnsi
1. Aphelandra runcinata Klotzsch
Aphelandra runcinata Klotzsch ex Nees, DC. Prodr. II : 302. 1847. Nees bases
his description on two cotypes, one collected on a river bank in a shady
cinchona plantation at M6rida, Venezuela, December, by Moritz (Berlin
Bot. Mus.), and the other in a Chusguea (bamboo) pasture, Quindio,
Colombia, by Goudot (Hooker Herbarium), The name runcinata (i. e. saw-
toothed or sharply incised) alludes to the sharply toothed leaf blades.
Shrubs up to 4 meters high stems glabrous or nearly

; so, occasionally
tomentulose toward tip, fleshy ; leaf blades obovate to obloncr-obovate
d
more
incised-dentate
spines 1 to 5 mm. long, the upper surface drying olive green, nitid,
glabrous or sparingly floccose, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa
and lateral veins (10 to 30 pairs), the lower surface drying dull green
or brown, glabrous, or the costa and veins sparingly floccose, these
more prominent beneath than above; petioles up to 2 cm. long,
glabrous or sparingly floccose interpetiolar bracts triangular, retrorse,
;
up to mm. long, 1- to 5-nerved, the nerves excurrent, ending in sharp,

5
straight spines 1 to 4 mm. long; flowers usually numerous and
crowded, borne in a simple terminal spike or in both terminal and
lateral spikes, then forming a rather large pyramidal crowded or
sometimes loose terminal paniculate inflorescence up to 20 cm. long
and broad, the peduncles and rachises glabrous or floccose; bracts
triangular, 7 mm. long, 5 mm.
wide, glabrous, purplish red, ciliolate,
obscurely nerved, the costa excurrent, ending in a small spine about
0.5 mm. long; bractlets lanceolate, 5 to 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide,
about
mucronulate
entire to erose or erose-dentate near tip, the upper portion more or
less ciliate with glandular or eglandular hairs or both corolla
red,;
glabrous, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, the tube subcylindric, slifrhtlv curved.
mm
the base, thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth, the throat
transversely undulate-rugose, the upper lip oblong-ovate, about 15
mm. long, 5 mm. wide, rounded, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed near
the tip, ciliate, finely and sparingly pilose within, the lower lip
definitely 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide,
rounded;
capsules oblong-clavate, 18 mm. long, about 3 mm, broad
at base, 6
mm. broad at middle, obtuse, glabrous, minutelv Dunctate: sepd fl«f
.
mm. lonir, 3.5 mm. broad, 1.5 mm

minutely roughened.
C
Flowering from April to February, but chiefly in December. Bro.
Tomas (No. 770) states that the plants produce a white latex. The
leaf blades vary greatly. Some are merely irregularly toothed,
range from moderately to rather deeply pinnatifid or incised. Like-

wise the venation varies from moderately to extremely prominent.
On the other hand, little if any variation is to be found in the in-
florescence. The corollas are, as Dawe (No. 766) expresses it, a
striking red.
Wooded mountain slopes from 2,000 to 3,000 meters altitude. Co
lombia and Venezuela.
Antioqul\ : Boqueron, between Medelliu and Palmitas, Hodye 6605 (GH, Med).
Camino Real Antiguo to Boqucr6ii de Me(lellln,Barklcy, Correa & Posada, 101
(US). La Ceja, Bro. Daniel 2172 (US). La Siorra, near Medcllln, Archer
1093 (US). Las Minitas, south of Caldas, Pennell 10940 (GH, NY). San
Crist6bal to San Jerfinimo, Lehmann 7846 (K).' Summit of Santa Elena, be-
tween Medellin and Rionegro, Barlclcy, Araquc d Gomez 424 (US) ;

GuU6rrez
114G (Med, US) Novel
; & Barkley 1SC.484 (US). San Pedro, Bro. Tomas 770
(US). Sons6n, Lehmann 7574 (K).
Caldas: Caldas, Daice 7GG (NY, US). San Bernardino, Pennell d Hazcn
10158 (GH). Manizales, Triana s. n. (NY, US).
CuNDiNAMARCA Dintcl, : between Facatativti and La Vega, Pdrcz-ArheUez d
Santandeb: Western slopes of Mount Peiia Blanca, near Charta, EilUp d
Smith 192G2 (NY, US). Vicinity of Las Vegas, EilUp & Smith 1G13S (NY, US).
A photograph of Lehmami's 7574 deposited in the Berlin Herbarium

is in the U. S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. photograph No. 8668)
The Berlin sheet bears an unpublished name written by Lindau.
la. Aphelandra runcinata var. straminea Leonard, var. nov.
A forma typica lamina f oliorum subtus pilosa, pilis septatis, corollis
stramineis recedit.
Leaf blades oblanceolate, shallowly incised, pilose beneath, the hairs
conspicuously segmented flowers;straw-colored ; otherwise resembling

the typical form.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950445, collected along
the Subita-San Francisco road. Department of Cundinamarca, Colom-
bia, 2,000 meters altitude, August 26, 1947, by Oscar Haught (No.
6108).
lb. Aphelandra runcinata var. pilosa Leonard, var. nov.
A forma typica lamina f oliorum subtus dense pilosa, corollis
puniceis recedit.
*
K, Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lower surface of the leaf blac

wise similar to the typical form.
U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1954130, collected
5 stream between Medellin
Colombia. 2.000 meters altil
IT, 1948, by (No.
o
9837) .
Bro. Daniel's No. 4024, collected at Las Palmas, Antioquia,
, 1260, collected at Salgar, in the vie
of Medellfn, Antioquia, July 20, 1928, are bot:
2. Aphelandra mutisu Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 43
Frutex, caulibus dense et molliter subtomentosis, pilis patulis vel
retrorsis; lamina foliorum oblonga vel oblanceolata, subcoriacea, ser-
rata, dentibus spinis acutis terminatis, supra nitida, pilosa, subtus
dense et molliter pilosa vel subtomentosa, pilis fulvis, costa et venis
prominentibus ;
petioli breves, subtomentosi bracteae interpetiolares
;
parvae, triangulares, spinis (1-5) acutis fulvis armatae spicac termi- ;
nales et laterales, densae, rhache dense pilosa, pilis fulvis; bracteae

anguste oblongae, spinoso-dentatae, dense pilosae; bracteolae lanceo-
latae, parce spinoso-dentatae; calycis segmenta oblongo-lanceolata,
spina parva terminata, apice puberula, basi glabra, ciliata, pilis aliquot
glandulosis ; corolla angusta, parce et minute pubescens, lobis ovallbus.
glabrae
Shrub
yellowish, up to 1 mm. long, spreading or retrorse ; leaf blades oblong
to oblanceolate ornarrowly obovate, up to 9 cm. long and 3 cm. wide,
acute to acuminate, narrowed at base, subcoriaceous, serrate, the teeth
terminated
spines 2 to 3 mm. long, the upper surface nitid, rather sparingly pilose,
the costa densely so, the hairs up to 1 mm. long, yellowish, the costa,
lateral veins (about 20 pairs) and veinlets shallowly impressed, the
veinlets reticulately anastomosing, the lower surface densely and
softly tawny pilose or subtomentose, the costa and veins prominent,
the reticulation obscured by the dense pubescence petioles up to 5 mm.
;
long, the pubescence similar to that of the stems; interpetiolar bracts

small, triang|ular, up to 4 mm. long, sparingly pilose, the veins cxcur-
rent, ending in 1 to 5 straight sharp yellowish spines up to 6 mm. long,
the middle one longer than tha others; flowers borne in terminal or,
with maturity, both terminal and lateral spikes, these dense, up to
5 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, the lowermost bracts integrading into
stem leaves, the rachis densely tawny pilose, the bracts narrowly
oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, about 6 mm. wide, otherwise resembling the
leaf blades bractlets narrowly lanceolate, up to 8 mm. long and 3 mm.
;
wide near the ending in a spine about 3 mm. long and bearing
base,
1^ or 2 shorter spines on the margins, rather densely pilosulous and
ciliate except at the base, the hairs yellowish, the nerves prominent;
LEONARD: THE ACAKTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 137
mm
below
some of the marginal hairs glandular corolla about 3 cm. long, 7
;
mm.
mmu
lobed
oval, about 2.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip
mm
rounded; capsules 15 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, 4 or 5 mm
at tip, glabrous, nitid, minutely punctate.
muiisii Leonard {a, Mutts 1943; H". Triana s. n.): a, Tip of plant,
Figure iS.—Jphelandra
lyx
{a, c-f, Natural she; fc, twice natural size*)

/
U. S. National Herba
.C. Mutis (No. 1943), Triana s. n. (NY, US)
Department of Narifio, Colombia, 2,500 meters
altitude, 1851-1857, is also of this species.
Colom
bian tooth-leaved species of Aphelandra by the spiny bracts and the
soft, tawny pubescence of the lower surface of the leaf blades and
stems. of
Colombian plants.
,
3. Aphelandra euopla Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 44

SuiFrutex spinosus, caulibus sursum subtomentosis, deoi gla-
br:itis; lamina foliontm oblongo-elliptica, coriacea, glabra, in costa
e.t venis prominentibus parce piibescens, marginibus serrato-dcntatis,
dentibus triangularibus, spina acuta patula terminatis bracteae inter- ;
petiolarcs ovatae vel suborbiculares, serrato-dentatae, spinosae; spica

terminalis vel subterminalis, rliache brunnoo-puberula; bracteae. lance-
olatae, coriaceae, subcarinatae, costa prominente, spina terminata;
calycis segmenta snbaeqiialia, cbartacca, lanceolata, apice abrupte
acuta, plus miunsve dentata, glabra, parce ciliolata, apice spina ter-
minata; corolla apice lutea, basi aurantiaca, minute pubescens, tubo
cylindrico, labio superiore erecto, bilobato, inferiore patulo trilobate,
lobis ovalibus vel triangularibus; ovarium glabrura.
Shmbby, thorny plants up to 2 meters high; stems subtomentose
toward glabrate below; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, G to 7 cm.
tips,
long, 2 to 3 cm. wade (the spines not included), coriaceous, glabrous
or the costa and veins (10 or 12 pairs) bearing a few weak hairs, the
margins serrate-dentate, the teeth triangular, 2 to 5 mm. high, ending
in sharp spreading spines up to 5 mm. long, the upper surface bright
green, drying light olive-green, the lower surface drying dark olive-
green, the venation very prominent, especially on the lower surface,
the veinlets coarsely reticulate toward margins; petioles up to 5 mm.
long, ratlier sparingly pilose; interpetiolar bracts ovate or suborbicu-
lar, 3 to 5 mm. long and wide, serrate-dentate, the teeth terminating
in
spines, the terminal one as much as 7 mm.
long; flowers borne in ter-
minal and Eubterminal spikes 5 to 7 cm. long and about 2 cm. broad
(the corollas excluded), the peduncles (about 8 mm. long) and rachis
browm-puberulous; bracts lanceolate, about 20 mm. long includiuir the
terminal spine (2.5 mm. long), 4 mm. wide, acute, coriaceous, sparing-
ly ciliate, otherwise glabrous, the costa prominent; bractlets
narrowly
lanceolate, 12 mm. long, including the terminal spine (2.5 to 2 mm.
long), 2 mm. wide, acuminate, subcarinate, coriaceous, the costa promi-
nent, terminating in a spine about 3 mm. long; calyx 1 cm. long,
the
segments subcqual, chartaceous, lanceolate, 2.5 to 4 mm. wide, abruptly
acute and at least some of them minutely dentate near tip
(2 to 4 teeth)
mm
niinute hairs and sparingly ciliolate; corollas 4.5 cm. long, yellow
orange proximally {Guatrecams), finely pubescent, the hairs
distally,
segmented, up to 0.5 nun. long or a few of them slightly longer, the
mm
above base to 2.5 mm., thence rather abruptly enlarged to 5.5 mm., the
throat 6 mm. broad, om
mouth tubular, the. n
at base, 4 mm. wide near tip,emarginate, the lobes triangular, obtuse,
sometimes bilobed at tip, the lower lip 3-lobed, more or less spreading,
mm
f
the filaments glabrous except at juncture with connective, here dorsally

pilose, the hairs up to 1 mm. long; anthers 5 mm. long, pilose at tip;
style glabrous ; ovary glabrous mature capsule not

; seen.
U. S. National Herb
Cuchill
March
J. Cuatrecasas
Figure AA.ÂphelarJra euopla Leonard {Cualrecasas 20236): a. Node with leaf, branch
and uppermost interf etiolar bracts; h, interpetiolar bract from lower
of inflorescence,
node; c, tip of terminal spike; d, bract, e, bractlet; /, posterior calyx segment; g, lateral
segment; h, anterior segment. (All natural size.)
Distantly related to Aphelandra cirsioides Lindau, of Ecuador and

Peru, A. euopla can be separated readily from this by its relatively
broader leaf blades and larger (20 cm. long) entire bracts. The leaf
blades of A. cirsioides are rarely over 2 cm. wide and the bracts are
only 15 mm. long and spiny-margined. The name euopla (eiôTrXos)
means well-armed, in allusion to the spiny character of the plant.

4. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard, sp. nov. Fjgi re 4r>
Frutex, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, apice

acuta, basi angustata, levitcr incisa, lobis ascendentibus, scrratis, denti-
bus spinis parvis, acutis, fulvis armatis, utrinque hirsuta, pilis plus
minusve
lis crasse reticulatis; petioli glabri vel subglabri; bracteae interpetio-
minlitae
spica terminalis plus minusve laxa, rhache strigosa bracteae acumina- ;
tae, serratae, dentibus spinis parvis armatis, strigosae (intus solum api-
cem
segmenta
longo-ovata vel obovata, apice rotundata, mucronata, dentata, ali-
quando dense subappresso-pubescentia, ciliata ; capsulae oblongae, sub-
obtusae, glabrae, minute punctatae retinacula apice late cucullata.
;
Shrubs; stems glabrous; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 22 cm.

long and 5 cm. wide, acute, narrowed at base, shallowly incised, the
lobes ascending, about 5 mm.
long and 15 mm. broad, the veins excur-
rent, terminating in small, sharp, yellowish spines up to 2 mm. long,
the upper surface sparingly hirsute, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long,
appressed, hirsute beneath, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and veins
(about 20 pairs), the venation moderately conspicuous, tlie vcinlets
coarsely reticulate beneath; petioles up to 3.5 cm. long, glabrous or
nearly so; interpetiolar bracts minute, consisting mainly of 3
to 6
sharp, yellowish, hirsute or glabrous, radiating spines from 1 to
6 mm.
long; flowers borne in simple terminal spikes up to 25 cm.
long and
about 3 cm. broad, these rather lax, especially below, the rachfs
up-
wardly strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long bracts triangular, up to
;
15 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, acuminate, rather distantly serrate

(about 6 pairs of teeth), the veins excurrent, terminating in
spines up
to 0.5 mm. long, the
upper half strigose on both surfaces, the hairs
about 175 fi long, the lower half glabrous, the costa and 1 or 2
pairs of
nerves prominent; bractlets lanceolate, up to 9 mm. long
and 3 mm.
wide at base, obscurely nerved, rather densely hirsute without,
ciliate,'
the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long
calyx supported by thick calluses, the seg-
;
ments oblong-ovate or obovate, 12 mm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide,

rounded,
mucronate and dentate at tip (usually 2 pairs of minute teeth),
ciliate.
the outer surface and upper part of the inner surface
minutely and
rather densely pubescent, the hairs up to 125 /. long,
appressed corollas ;
Jiot seen capsules purple, oblong, obtusish

; at apex, 5 mm. broad at base,
mm
immature seed glabrous; retinacula 3 mm. long, the tips broadlv
cucullate.
Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected
in forest, east of Neiva, Department of Huila, Colombia. 1.800 to 9. ^0(\
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBLA, II 141
meters altitude, August 1-8, 1917, by H. H. Rusby and F. W, Pennell

(No- 891) Isotype in the XJ. S. National Herbarium, No. 1041528.
.
Figure 4S.—Jpkdandra porphyrocarpa Leonard {Rusby ^ Pennell 891): a. Node showing

strongly reflexed leaf; h, node showing large leaf scars and interpetiolar bracts; c, portion
of leaf blade (under side) to show venation and pubescence; d, interpetiolar bract; e^
portion of spike to show calyx and fruit;/, bract; g, bractlet; h, posterior calyx segment;
J, one of the lateral segments; ;', one of the anterior segments, (a, f, Half natural size;
H
Avhelandra
from it cliieflv in the more
stems
relatively densely hirsute calyx segments, these with tips

short,
rounded, apiculate and erose-dentate. The specific epithet is from the
Greek 7rop<f>vpa^ purple, and KapirS^, fruit,
5. Aphelandra acanthus Nees

Aphelandra acanthus Necs, DC. Prodr. 11; 302, 1847. Type collected in Quindio,
Tolima, Colombia, by Humboldt (No, 5836), Type materialin the Willdenow
and Berlin herbaria. Photograph of the Berlin specimen in the U, S.
National Herbarium (Field Mus. photograph No. SG95). Aainthus {&Kavea,
thorny) is a generic name given by Linnaeus to a group of plants conlined
originally to tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World and char-
acterized by large spiny leaves and 1-lipped corollas.
Coarse suffrutescent herbs up to 3 meters high; stems fleshy (at

upper portions) hirsute to subtomentosej the hairs yellowish,
least the ,
about 0.5 mm. long, upwardly appressed or some of them more or

lessspreading, the lower portions of the stems glabrate; leaf blades
oblong, up to 25 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, acute to acuminate at tip,
narrowed at base, thin, pinnatifid, tlie lobes triangular, 2 to 5.5 cm.
from sinus to tip, ascending, the margins rather sparingly serrate-
trianerul
mm
the hairs confined chiefly to costa and veins, appressed, 0.5 to 0,75
mm
nent, the veinlets coarsely and reticulately anastomosing; petioles up
to 4 cm. long, the pubescence similar to that of the stem ; interpetiolar
bracts small, ovate, up to 4 mm.
long, the nerves thick, terminating in
3 to G sharp, straight, yellowish, spreading or retrorse spines 2 to 10
mm. long, these hirsute or glabrate, the hairs up to 0.5 mm, long;
flowers numerous, borne in simple, compact, terminal spikes up to
about 20 cm. long and 2.5 to 3 cm. broad (excluding corollas), the
pubescence of the rachis like that of the stems; bracts triangular-
ovate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 6 to 6 mm. wide at base, acuminate, rather
sparingly hirsute, the hairs more numerous on the outer surface
than on the inner, the margins bearing about 3 pairs of low teeth,
these and the tip terminated by sharp, yellowish, ascending, sparingly
hirsute spines up to 2.5 mm. long; bractlets lanceolate, about 8 mm.
mm
costa excurrent, terminating in a small spine (0.5 nmi. long), spar-
ingly and minutely pubescent without, glabrous within, the margins
ciliolate calyx segments oblong-ovate, about 1 cm. long and 4.5 to 5
;
mm
the thin margins, sparingly and minutely pubescent without, glabrous
within, ciliate, each segment terminated by a slender spine up to 1.5
nmi. long; corollas 3.4 to 4 cm. long (from base to tip of upper lip),
yellow, sparingly to rather densely tomentose or subtomentose except
the glabrous basal portion, the hairs whitish, un to 0.75 mm. lono-. t.ViA
tube oblique, curved, 5 to 7 mm. broad at base, narrowed at from 3

to 8 mm. above base to 4 mm. broad, tlience enlarged to 10 mm. at
mouth, the upper lip erect, 15 to 18 mm. long, about 7 mm. wide
near base, the lobes obovate, about 8 mm. long and 4.5 to 6.5 mm. wide,
rounded, often nmcronate, the lower Up more or less spreading, the
lobes oval, 7 to 10 mm. long, about 6 mm. wide, rounded or shallowly
emarginate; anthers reaching or slightly exceeding the upper lip,
the filaments sparingly pilose toward tip, the anthers, 7 mm. Ion to5
or
mm
Found at altitudes from 2,200 to 2,400 meters, growing in clearings
or wooded gullies. There seems to be no special flowering season.
The stinging property mentioned by Killip and Varela (No. 34685)

is unique for the family. Cuatrecasas (No. 23321 )
gives the following
notes: "Arbusto o arboHto 3 met. Hoja verde clara brillante haz,
êrde palida enves. Caliz verde. Corola amarilla."' Endemic.
Caldas Banks of the Rio Otun, above Pefius Blancas, Cuatrecasas 23821 (US).
:
Alaska, above Salento, Pcnnell 9704 (GH, US).

Tomma: Mediaci6n, Quindio, Andre 2047 (K). Aloiifr the Quindio Highway
between Cajamarca and summit of Divide, Killip & Varela 34685 (US). El
Llbano to Murillo, Alto de Penones, Oarcia-Barriga 12273 (US). La Palmilla,
Quindfo, Triana s. n. (NY).
«. Aphelandra phobera Leonard, sp. nov. Figurk 40
Frutex vel arbor parva, caulibus spinosis, minute strigosis vel
subtomcntosis lamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, basi angus-

;
tata, marginibus leviter incisis, lobis triangiilaribus, ascendentibus,

serratis, dentibus triangularibus, spinis acutis fulvis armatis, utrinque
hirsuta, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus, venulis reticulatis; petioli
strigosi; bracteae interpetiolares ovatae, spinis (3-10) acutis, fulvis,
radiatis, plus minusve strigosis urmatae; spica terminalis, magna J
densa vel deorsum laxa bracteae lanceolatae

; vel oblongo-ovatae, extus
parce hirsutae, intus glabrae, venosae, sei'ratae, dentibus acutis ar-
matae; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, hirsutae, apice spina parva

lerminatae; calycis segmenta oblongo-lanceolata, apice abnipte acu-
minata, extus dense hirsuta, ciliata ; corolla magna, fiava, extus dense
tubo subcylindrico curvato, labio superiore erecto,
hii-suta, pilis fulvis,
lobis oblongo-obovatis, rotundatis, emarginatis, labio inferiore patulo,
lobis obovatis, rotundatis, integris vel mucronatis; stamina glabra;

ovarium glabrum.
Shrubs or small trees up to 3 meters high; stems spiny, minutely
strigose to subtomentose, the hairs yellowish, up to 0.75 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 50 cm. long and 15 cm. wide, acute,
narrowed at base, shallowdy incised, the lobes triangular, ascending,

up to 3 cm. long from sinus to margins moderately serrate,
tip, the
the teeth triangular, up to 5 mm. long and 8 mm. broad, these and the
228609—53^ 3
;,;
144 CONTRIBUl'IONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
tip armed with sharp, yellowish spines up to 5 mm. long, both surfaces
hirsute, the hairs yellowish, appressed or ascending, 0.75 mm. long,
denser on the costa and veins (about 20 pairs), the venation rather
prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate petioles 1 to 6 cm. long,
;
the pubescence that of the stems ; interpetiolar bracts ovate, up to 5

mm. long and broad, armed with 3 to 10 sharp, yellowish, radiating,
strigose or glabrous spines, these varying from 1 to 25 mm. in length
flowers numerous, borne in simple terminal spikes up to 30 cm. long
cm
mm. i
wide (the lowermost somewhat longer, and relatively narrowed, re-

sembling small loaf blades) acute, ending in a sharp, yellowish, spine
,
2 mm.long, sparingly hirsute without, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long,

glabrous within, veiny, the margins serrate, the 4 to 9 pairs of teeth
0.5 mm. high and 1 mm. wide ; bractlets lanceolate, up to 2 cm. long
and 3.5 mm. wide, acuminate, hirsute except the glabrous lower por-
mm
long; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 13 to 14 mm. long, 4.5 to 6
mm. wide, abruptly acuminate and tipped by spines 0.5 to 1 mm. long,
the outer surface densely hirsute, the hairs ascending, about
ciliate,
0.5 mm. long, the hairs toward base gland-tipped, the inner surface
glabrous except toward tip, the costa and veins obscured by the pubes-
cence corolla yellow, up to 6 cm. long (from base to tip of upper lip)
;
densely hirsute except glabrous basal portion, the hairs ascending,

yellowish, 0.5 mm. long, the tube subcylindric, curved, 1 cm. broad at
base, narrowed mm. at 1 cm. above base, thence gradually enlarged,
to 6
the throat about 11 mm. broad, the upper lip erect, 2 cm. long, the
lobes oblong-obovate, 15 mm. long, up to 8 mm. wide, rounded and
emarginate, the lower lip spreading, the lobes obovate, 11 or 12 mm.
long and broad, rounded, entire or minutely mucronate; stamens
reaching the upper lip of the corolla, or slightly exceeding it, gla-
brous, the anthers 1 cm. long and 3 mm. broad, the basal lobe rounded
ovary glabrous capsules not seen.
;
to
Cali, between Puente de los Carpatos and La Margarita
partment of El Valle, Colombia, 2,000 meters altitude, November
2,
1944, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 18484). An isotype is also in the U. S.
Cauca: Canaan, Mount Purac^, KUlip 6796 (US). San Josfi, San Antonio,
J'ennell & KiUlp 7392 (US). Crest of Cordillera Occidental, west of Tambo
naught 5174 (US).
PuTUMAYo: La Cabana, Cuatrecasas 11631 (US).
Department (?) Mutis 1944.
:
Closely related to Aphelandra acanthm^ A. pholera is characterized

by its larger, shallowly incised leaf blades, its larger and more SDinv
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, IT 145
interpetiolar bracts, longer spikes, longer and more spiny bracts,

longer and more densely pubescent calyx segments, and larger corollas.
The filaments, moreover, are strictly glabrous instead of sparingly
pilose, as in A* acanthus.
Figure A6.~ApMandTa phohera Leonard {a-dy Cuairecasas 11631; e-i, Cuatrecasas 18484)
d, Node showing leaf and interpetiolar bracts; i, Interpetiolar bract; c, portion of unde
surface of leaf blades to show venation; dy portion of spike; bract; /, bractlct; ^, pos
ir,
terior calyx segment; A, one of the lateral segments; i^ one of the anterior segments
{ay dj Half natural size; b, c, ^, natural size.)
requentmg the upper moun-

anging from 2^000 to 3,100
meters. le following notes: "Hierba
robusta espmoso Eamas id. verdes o verde

rosadas. Bracteas verde claro. Caliz amarillo verdoso violaceo
claro* Corola vivo amarillo* Hoja verde grisacea en el haz." The
specific name is derived from the Greek <f>op€p6s^ frightful, in allusion
to the numerous sharp spines.
;
7. Aphelandra huilensis Leoiiartl, sp. iiov. Figuke 47

Suffrutex spinosus, caulibus sursum minute strigosls, dcorsum
glabratis; lamina folioruni ol)longo-ellii)tiea, incisa, dentibus et seg-
mentis spinis acutis tenninatis, i>arce strigosa petioli parce strigosi
;
bracteae interpctiolares triangulares, parvae, spinis 2 acutis inaequa-

libus ai-matae; spicae terminales et laterales; bracteae ovatae, acnnii-
natae, spinoso-dentatae, parcc strigosao et ciliatae; bracteolac
lanceolatae, acuminatae, integrae, parce strigosae, ciliatae, apice spina
parva terminatae; calycis segnienta oblongo-lanceolata, puberula,
ciliata, spina parva terminata; corolla rubra, plus niinusve dense
hirtella,tubo cylindrico, labio superiore erecto, bilobato, lobis rotun-
datis, emarginatis, labio inferior© patnlo, trilobo, lobis rotundatis;
ovarium glabrum.
Suffrutescent herbs up to 2 meters liigli or more; steins glabrate
below, strigose toward tip, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic in outline, up to 25 cm. long and 12 cm. wide, acute
to acuminate at apex and terminated by a yellowish spiiie 0.75 to 2
mm. long, narrowed at base, deeply incised, the lobes triangular to
oblong, up to 7 cm. long, eacli lobe terminated by a small yellowish
spine (1 to 2 nun. long), tlie entire margin serrate, the teeth 1 to 4
mm. high and broad, all spine-tipped, the upper surface sparingly
strigose or the costa and veins (about 20 pairs) more densely so, the
hairs about 0.75 mm. long, the lower surface more densely strigose,
the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, those of the costa and veins appressed
or ascending, venation of the lower surface more prominent than
tlie
that of the upper; interpetiolar bracts triangular, about 4 mm. long,

bearing a pair of stout spines, one about 1 cm. long, the other 2 to
a mm. long; spikes terminal and axillary, up to 10 cm. long and about
2 cm. broad, the rachis spaiingly strigose; bracts about 2 cm. long
and 8 mm.
wide, acuminate, terminated by a spine about 1 nnn. long,
the inner surface glabrous, the outer surface rather sparingly strigose,
the hairs 0.5 mm. long, the margins ciliate, bearing 1 to 4 pairs of
spine-tipped teeth, the spines mm.
long; bractlets lanceolate,
1 to 2
about 17 mm. long and 8 mm. wide near base, acuminate, tei-minatecl
by a spine 1 mm. long, striate-nerved, the imier surface glabrous, the
outer rather sparingly strigose, ciliate, (he margins usually entire;
calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 23 to 25 mm. long, ;";.5 to 5 mm. wide,
minutely strigose, the inner surfa<'e only so toward tip, the hairs
about 125 p. long, the margins thin, sparingly and minutely dentate;
corolla 4 cm. long, red, rather densely hirsute except the glabrous
basal portion, the hairs 0.25 to 0.5 mm. long, ascending, the tube 4 nnn.
broad near base, sliglitly contracted above the ovary, thence enlarged
to 7 mm. and again contracted at mouth to 5 mm., the upper lip erect,
5 mm. lone: and 3 to 5 mm. wide, bilobed. tlie loh^s mm Inno- nnrl
,S
—
mm, wide, rounded, emarginate, the lower lip more or less spread
mm
broad, rouiidedj the middle lobe stamens reaching the mouth of
fiat;
5 mm. broad
ments triangular in cross section^ glabrous toward tip, strigose toward

base; pistil glabrous.
Type in the Stockholm Herbarium, collected in virgin forests at
La Plata, Department of Huila, Colombia, 2,600 meters altitude,
(
March 20, 1939, by Kjell A

S, National Herbarium, No. 1907334, Cuatre
Figure 47. Aphelandra huilensis Leonard {Cuairecasas 23462): a. Node showing leaf,
interpetiolar bracts and lower branch of panicle^ h, intcrpetiolar bract; c, lobe of leaf blade
(underside); J, rip of spike; ^, bract; /, bractlet; ^, posterior calyx segment; ^,oneofthe
lateral segments; i, one of the anterior segments, {a, d, Half natural size; i, twice
natural size; f, e-i^ natural size.)
Aguabonita, Jose m
the region of Moscopan, Deiârtment of Kl Cauca, Colombia, 2,280
meters altitude, January oO, 104-7, is of this species.
Related to Afhelandra acanthus^ A. huUensis can be recognized
readily when compared with that species by its red, hirsute corolla.
In A. acanthus^ the corollas are yellow and densely and softly pubes-
cent or tomentose. Huila
On the label accompanying his specimen (No. 234C2) Cuatrecasas
rives the following description: "Sufrutex robusto, erguido, espinoso.
Hoja verde glauco claro. Caliz rojizo Corol a ro j a Ant eras .
amarillas.''
148 CONTRIBUTIONS 'FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
8. Aphelandra porphyrolepis Leonard, sp. nov. Figube 48
Suffrutex erectus, robustus, caiilibus tenuiter toraentosis; lamina

foliorum oblanceolata, acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decur-
rens, subcrassa, pubescens, marginibus serrato-dentatis vel deorsum
incisis, lobis late triangularibiis, dentibus spina parva terminatis;
petioli pubcscentes, pilis appressis; bracteae interpetiolares orbicu-
lares, 3-dentatae,deutibus spina acuta terminatis; panicula laxa, ter-
minalis, rhache tenuiter toraentosa, pulverulenta, purpurea bracteae ;
triangulares, acuminatae, puborulae, ciliolatae, purpureae; bracteolae

triangulares, apice acuminatae, purpureae ; calycis segmenta acuta vel
submucronulata, obscure puberula, punctata corolla cylin-
ciliolata, ;
drica, minute pubescens, rubra, labio superiore obovato, labio inferi-

ore 3-lobato, lobo medio cucullato, lobis lateralibus rotundatis,
emarginatis; antlierarum connectivum acute carinatum; ovarium
glabrum.
Shrubby
,nceolate, 17 to 35 cm. long, 5.5 to 13 cm
narrowed from above middle to the base
dentate
the lo^Ter leaves shallowly incised, the lobes broadly triangular, up
to 1 cm. long, about 6 on again sparingly and dis-
eacli side, these
tantly serrate-dentate, the vein at the tip of each tooth terminating in
a spine about 1 mm. long, the upper surface green, drying dark olive,
the lower surface drying light olive, both surfaces sparingly pubes-
cent, tlie hairs weak and appressed, about 0.5 mm. long, more numer-
ous on the margins of the costa of the upper surface than elsewhere,
the costa and veins (about 18 pairs) prominent; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm.
long, appressed-pubescent interpetiolar bracts orbicular, about 3 mm.
;
long and broad, 3 to 5-toothed, the teeth terminating in stout spines

0.5 to 1 mm. long; flowers borne in spikes, these forming loose terminal
cm
panicles (up to 3.5 cm. long) and the rachises thinly tomentose, bright
cm
puberulous, ciliolate, purple; bractlets triangular, 7 mm. long, 3 mm.
mm
long, the segments oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 3.5 mm.
wide, acute to
submucronate, ciliolate, dorsally punctate and obscurely puberulous,
purple; corollas about 5 cm. long, minutely pubescent, red or orange-
mm
base to 2.5 mm., thence rather abruptly enlarged to 5 or 6 mm., the
cylindric portion of the tube usually curved, the upper lip obovate,
11 mm. long, barely 5 mm. wide near tip, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the middle lobe 5 mm. long and about 3 mm. wide, cucullate, the lateral
mm long, 4 mm. wide, rounded, emarginate stamens ;
—
and pistil reaching tip of lower lip, glabrous, the anthers 6 mm, long,
the connective sharply keeled, rounded at tip; ovary glabrous; ma-

ture capsule not seen*
Figure 48* Aphelandra porphyrolepis Leonard {Cuatrecasas 22283); a^ Node showing

leaf and interpetiolar bracts; t, interpetiolar bract; c, lobe of large leaf showing venation
(lower surface); branch of panicle; e, bract; /, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment;

d,
segments; one of the anterior segments; corolla; k, anther.

h, one of the lateral i, ;,
{a, dy Half natural size; b, ej, k, twice natural size; c,J, natural size; g-iy one and a half
Mount
meters, October
150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HEiRBARIUM
Aphelandra porphyrolepis is a well-marked species easily recog-

nized by its purple, thinly tomentose inflorescence and the large den-
tate or shallowly incised leaves. The carinate connectives of the
stamens and the strongly cuculhite middle lobe of tlie lower lij) of tlie
corolla seem to be unique in the geiuis. The specific epithet is derived
from the Greek words Trop4>vpa, purple, and AtTrtV, scale or bract.
9. Aphelandra quercifolia Noes
Aphelandra quercifolia Nees, DC. Trodf. 11: 302. IStT. Type collected ut
"Quindlo la Pahnita," Department of EI Valle, Colombia, November, by
Goudot. Type in tlie Hooker Herbarium, Kew.
Herbs; leaves oblong, acuminate, long-cuneate at base and dccun-ent

on the petiole, remotely and coarsely sinuate-dentate, the teeth mucro-
nate, both surfaces glabrous, the base of the petiole unarmed; flowers
borne in spineless spikes; bracts lanceoiate, reflexed, longer than the
ovate calyx lobes corolla smooth, the throat subinflated, the uppar lip
;
longer than the lower.

Not Description compiled from the original. In his observa-
seen.
tions, Nees states that this species is closely related to A. mnciuafa
but differs from that in having a shorter corolla with the upper part
relatively broader and smooth instead of rugose, and in its unarmed
stems.
10. Aphelandra lyrata Nees

Aphelandra lyrata Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 302. 1847. Three \arieties are de-
scribed by Nees: a latibractea, collected in Peru by McLean (Hooker Her-
barium) ^ lawior, Matthews No. 782 collected in Peru; and y arguta, col-
;
lected by Lobb in "Colombia."* Lyrata, lyrate or pinnatiful, alludes to the

pinnatifld leaf blades.
Stems erect, loosely pilose, often purple; leaf blades lyrate-pin-

natifid, up to 30 cm. long, the sinuses rounded or obtuse, the segments
ovate, angulate-dentate, the teeth mucronulate, unarmed, both surfaces
laxly pilose flowers borne in a terminal peduncled spike, the peduncle
;
varying from long to short, laxly pilose; spikes 7 to 13 cm. long, more
or less lax; bracts ovate to oblong, more or less dentate toward tip;
bractlets linear-lanceolate, entire ; corolla about 4 cm. long, glandular-
pubescent, red, the lips about eqiuil, Sdobed, the lobes rounded;
stamens glabrous.
No Colombian specimens seen. Description based partly on the
original and partly on a specimen collected by the Wilkes Expedition
at Obrajillo, Peru.
This is probably one of the many specimens coUected by Lobb in Peru and
erroneously ascribed to Colombia (see Killip, "The botanical collections of
William Lobb in Colombia," Smiths. Jlisc. Coll. 87, No. 11. 1932).
nov. FlGUKE
It. Aphelandra crispata Leonard, sp.
Suffrutex, caulibus sursuni parce liii-sutis, deorsum glabris; lamina

acuminata, basi angustata, obbqiie
folionun oblonso-elliptica, apice
margiiiibus grosse serratis, deritibus acutis,
truncata vel subcordata,
aliquanto dense pilosa, pihs ascendenti-
supra parcc strigosa, subtus
venis prominentibns petioli breves
bus vel subappressis, costa et ;
terminalis, solitana, pedunculata,

glabri vel parce liirsnti; spica
oblongo-ovatae, apice subobtusae, apiculatae,
rbacbe -labra bracteae
:
glabrae, crispatae vel contortae, margniibns

purpurSie, coriaceae,
oblongao, acutae, basi carinatae, obhquae,
subhyalinis; bracteolae
subhyalinis; calcycis segmenta oblongo-lanceo-
glabrae, marginibus
subhyalinis; corolla lutea, denst
lata acuta, glabra, marginibus
subtomentosa, labio superiore ovato, apice minut« bilo-
pubescens vel
a-lobato, lobo medio cordato, ob-
bato, lobis rotundis, labio inferiore
lanceohitis; ovarium glabrum.
tuse lobis lateralibus
glabrous below, the upper portions spar-
Suffrutescent herbs; stems
ingly hirsute, the hairs spreading, about 1 mm. long; leaf blades
long and 14 cm. wide, acuminate, nar-

obTong-elliptic, up to 40 cm.
slightly above middle to a very narrow, obliquely
rowed from middle or
base cm. wide, the veins terminating in broad
truncate or subcordate 1
cm. apart, the upper surface spar-
teeth 1 to 3 mm. high and 2 to 2.5
lower surface rather
ino-ly strigose, the hairs about 1.25 mm. long, the
densely pilose, the hairs brownish, 0.75 to 1.25 mm. long, subappressed,
(about 20 pairs) spreading horizontally,
those of the costa and veins
but more so beneath than above petioles about
the venation prominent ;
sparingly hirsute; spikes solitary, terminal,

5 mm. long, ghabrous or
and cm. broad, moderately dense, the peduncle
up to 11 cm. long 5
by a pair of lanceolate, acumi-
about 5 mm. long, hirsute, subtended
nate, leaflike bracts about 2.5 cm. long and 8 mm. wide, the rachis
Glabrous; bracts oblong-ovate, up to 4.5 cm. long and 17.5 mm. wide,
apiculate, livid purple, coriaceous,
obtusish at apex and minutely
noticeably crisped or twisted, closely veined, the margins
glabrous,
mm. wide at middle,
subhyaline; bractlets oblong, 14 mm. long, 5.5
glabrous, the margins entire, sub-
acute, carinatc and oblique at base,
the posterior segment 16
hyaline; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate,
mm. long and 4 mm. wide, tlic anterior pair 16 mm. long and 3.5 mm.
mm. glabrous,
wide, the lateral pair 13 mm. long and 3 wide, all acute,
(immature) canary yellow, densely
their margins subhyaline; corolla
mm. long, the upper lip shorter
pubescent or subtomentose, the hairs 0.5
ovate, minutely 2-lobed at tip, the
than the middle lobe of the lower lip,
3-lobed, the middle lobe cordate, obtuse,
lobes rounded, the lower lip
the lateral lobes lanceolate, slightly shorter than the middle one;

;
152 CONTRIBITTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
U. S. National Herbarium, No. 179548. col] in

wet forest of Quebrada del Rio Afan Mocoa, Comisaria de
Colombia, 570 to G80 meters, December 27 J.
Cuatrecasas
Figure i9-Jphelandra crhpata Leonard {Cuatrecasas

11352): a, Spike and lower portion
of leaf (lower surface); h, upper portion of leaf blade (upper surface);
c, bractlef d
posterior calyx segment; ., one of the lateral
segments; /, one of the anterior segments,'
{.a, b. Half natural size;
c-f, natural size.)
Apparently unrelated to any other Colombian species,

Aphelaiidra
crispata can be recognized readily by its
large oblong-elliptic leaves
with their coarsely serrate margins, bright yellow
corollas, and large
coriaceous, crisped, livid purple bracts. It is impossible to state
.sions of the mature corolla from the herbarium material

examined ^\.^ ^^.TYâ ^ô^nin QlliirlPQ fn fhft nrifinftd. curled bracts.
12. Aphelandra arnoldii Mildbr.

Aphelandra arnoldii Mildbr. Notizbl. Bot. Gart Berlin 11: 63, 1930. Type
damp humus on wooded mountain slope San Lorenzo. De-
at
collected in
partment of Magdalena, Colombia, 2,150 meters altitude, February 1927,
and deposited in the Berlin Herbarium.

by Dr. Arnold Schultze (No. 771)
Photop-aph of the Berlin type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 8697.
Herbs; stem short; roots long and numerous^ extending apparently

subrosulate, crowded, the blades
a little above the ground leaf blades ;
cm
obtuse) long and
, narrowly decurrent on the
surface
to 17 p about 70 degrees
ascending; petioles 4 to 6 cm. long; flowers borne in spikes, the scape
axillary, about 25 cm, long, appresscd-puberulous, extending above the
rosette of leaves, the spike itself 5 to 8 cm. long bracts erect-spreading,

;
scarcely imbricate, lanceolate, 6 to 8 mm. long, barely 2 mm. wide,
acute but scarcely pungent, ciliate, the hairs erect-spreading, the
margins rarely bearing a few minute teeth, the internodes about 5 mm.
long bractlets
; similar to the bracts but only 4 mm. long and slenderly
subulate-acute; calyx segments thinly scarious, pale, lanceolate to
mm
than the others and noticeably narrower corolla bright rosy, the
;
tube
suberect
lip broadly rounded, broadly cuneate toward base, the middle one
mm
mm. loner) : stamens
mi ?
ovary 1.5 mm
Not seen. Description compiled from the original. Known
from type material-
ly. Aphelandra parviflora Leonard
Aphelandra parviflora Leonard, Journ- Washington Acad, Sci. 25: 439. 1935.
Type collected in the region of Mount Chapfin, Dei)artment of Boyacfi,

Colombia, June 10, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance (No- 201) and deposited in the
Kew Herbarium. Isotypes are in the herbaria of the Missouri (No.
1039195) and the New York Botanical Gardens, and in the U, S. National
Herbarium, No. 1572318. Lawrance's No. 291, collected in the same general
region and deposited in the Kew Herbarium, is also this species. Photo-
graphs of it and the type are in the U. S. National Herbarium.
Herbs stems 10 cm. high, or more, ascending, rooting at the lower

;
nodes, strigose leaves usually several, the blades oblong, up to 25 cm.

;
long and 18 cm. wide, elliptic, obtuse or obtusish at apex, cuneate at

base and decurrent on the petioles, entire or undulate, purple beneath,
;
sparingly strigillose, except the costa and lateral nerves (15 to 18

pairs), these strigose; petioles slender, up to G cm. long, strigillose;
spikes slender, up to 13 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diameter, the peduncles
up to 12 cm. long, strigose, bearing a pair of bractlike leaves about 2 cm.
below the base of the spike; bracts rather loosely imbricate, erect-
spreading, elliptic, 1 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, acuminate, ending in
an obtuse tip, firm, veiny, sparingly strigose, bearing on each side
several erect-spreading teeth up to 1.5 mm. long; bractlets lance-
subulate, 3.5 nmi. long, 1 mm. wide at base, thin, subhyaline, nerved
calyx segments narrowly oblong, acuminate, subequal, 5 to C mm.
long, the posterior one 2 mm. wide, the anterior pair 1.5 nmi. wide,
the hiteral pair 1 mm. wide, all subhyaline, striate-nerved, minutely
glandular^ciliolate ; corolla pale yellow, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, obliquely
funnel-form, minutely and sparingly pubescent, the tube 1 mm. bj-oad
at base, about 4 mm. broad at mouth; limb about 8 mm. broad, the lip;
equal, the upper one 2-Iobed, 5.4 mm. wide, the lower 3-lobed, the lobes
orbicular, 4.5 mm. in diameter stamens included.
;
The type was low thick forest 100 miles northwest of

collected in a
Bogota, at an altitude of 3,500 feet. The plants were from 10 to 14
inches high, and very attractive. The flowers were yellow aiid
inodorous.
BoYAcA: Vicinity of Mount Chapon. Lairnincc 201 (Kew, Mo, NY, US), 291
(Kew).
14. Aphelandra mollis (Xees) Leonard, nov. comb.

Lagoclulium moUe Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 2!)2. 1847. Type collected in Colombia
by Goudot and deposited in the Hooker Herbiirium. Kew.
Decumbent herb; stems about 3 mm. in diameter, at least the lower

portions fistulose, the ascending portion about 25 cm. high, pilose, the
hairs sordid, upwardly appressed, up to or sliglitly exceeding 0.5 mm.
leuirtl
%
gradually narrowed thence to the obtuse tip, obtuse, rounded, or
shal-
lowly and obliquely cordate at base and narrowly decurrent on
the
petiole nearly to the stem, thin, entire or undulate, the
upper surface
glabrous or sparingly appressed-pilose, minutely faveolate
under lens,
the costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs) inconspicuous,
arcuate, the
lower surface drying a lighter green than the upper,
sparingly ap-
pressed-pilose; petioles up to 4.5 cm. long, the pubescence
similar to
that of the stems; flowers borne in 1 or 2 simple terininal
spikes, the
peduncles up to 6 cm. long, the rachis 4 to 6 cm. long, pilose,
the hairs
slendei-, sordid,
appressed or ascending; bracts oblong-ovate, up to 14
mm. long and 5 mm. wide, acute to acutish, the tip itself obtuse, nar-
rowed at base, thin, glabrous or sparingly pilosulous,
delicately and
inconspicuously veined, the margins minutely and distantly
dentate
ciliolate, bractlets subulate, costate, subhy-

above middle, sparingly
segment broadly lanceo-
aline, ciliate calyx
; 5 mm. long, the posterior
the middle and anterior pairs
late 1 ^^5 mm. ^vide, obtuse and apiculate,
subliyaline, stnate-
lanc'eolate, 1 wide, slenderly acuminate,
mm. all
glabrous, ciliolate; corolla 22 mm. long, glabrous or minutely

nerved,
bright, soft yellow, the lower portion cylm-
:,nd sparingly pubescent, a
upper narrowly ampliate, about 5 mm. broad
dric, 1 mm. broad, the
subequal, G to 7 mm. long, the lower lobe about G
at mouth, the lobes
rounded, the margins un-
mm wide, the others about 3 mm. wide, all
10 15 mm. long, the anthers 2 mm. long, 0.25 mm.

dulate; stamens to
at tip by a webby tomentum capsules 1 cm.
wide, contiguous at least ;
apex, glabrous, minutely punc-

long, about 2 mm. broad, pointed at
tate, potentially 4-seeded, the seeds

brown, li mm. long. 2 mm. wide,
the hairs brown, appressed
about 1 mm. thick, sparingly hirtellous,
or ascending.
Barranca
of Bermeja, Magdalena
S\nt\ni>er: Camp Mesa, in tlie vicinity
Colorado, 100 to 500 meters altitude,
Valley, between Kio Soganmso and RJo
Haughtl4^1 (US).
Haught's specimen was taken on January 5, 1935, from a suffrutes-
woody rhizome and growing along a

cent pknt producing a running
rich alluvial soil. The flowers were bright yellow and very
stream in
showy.
sp. nov.
FlGUUE 50
1."). Aphelandra botanodes Leonard,
oblongo-elliptica, acumi-
Herba, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum
Integra, glabra, costa et venis
nata, basi angustata, membranacea,
glabri infloresceiitia ter-
lateralibus aliquanto prominentibus petioli ;
;
puberulis, bracteis patulis vel ascenden-

minalis, trif urcata, pedunculis
rhachis puberula bracteae ovatae, acutae,
tibus, aliquanto distantibus, ;
membranaceae, glabrae, ciliatae, prope apicem par dentium parvorum

oblique lanceolatae, acutae, sub-
f erentes, costa prominente bracteolae
;
calycis segmenta parva, lanceo-

hyalinae, ciliatae, costa prominente;
lata, acuta, subhyalina, ciliolata; corolla parva (7 mm. longa),
labio superiore ovato, obtuso,
puberula, roseo-caerulea, tubo gracili,
obovatis, obtusis, ciliatis; stamina in-
labio inferiore trilobato, lobis
pilosis, cohaerentibus, basi acutis, fila-
clusa, antheris apice acutis,
minimis gracilibus ovarium glabrum styli graciles stigma
mentis et ; ; ;
planum, lanceolatum, acutum.

H
and G cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed at base, membranous, entire,
glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (about 12; pairs) moderately
prominent; petioles up to 2 cm. long, glabrous; flowers borne in a
3-parted inflorescence, the peduncle up to 4 cm. long, minutely strigose,
the secondary peduncles 1 to 2 cm. long, slender, minutely strigose,
dense, the bracts spreading or ascending, the

the spikes 2 to 4 cm. long,
;
puberulous, the internodes of the spikes up to 8 mm. Ion

subtending the secondary peduncles lanceolate, 12 to 15 mm. long, 2
to 5 mm. wide, those subtending the flower clusters (these
sessile or
borne on puberulous peduncles up to 3 mm. long) ovate, 7 mm. long
and 4 mm. wide, acute, thin, glabrous, sparingly punctate (the puncta
appearing under microscope as small blunt projections) , ciliate, the
Figure 50.~ Jphelandra botanodes Leonard {Triana s. n., Novita): a. Node and lower leaf;
b, tip of plant; c, bract; d, bractlct; e, posterior calyx segment; /, one of the anterior
segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, stamen; i, pistil {a, b, Half natural size;
c-g, twice natural size; A, six times natural size; i, about four times natural size.)
margins bearing towards tip a small pair of teeth, the costa prominent
bractiets obliquely lanceolate, carlnate, 2 mm. long,
0.5 mm. wide,
acute, subhyaline, ciliate, the costa prominent calyx 3 ; mm. long, the
segments lanceolate, acute, subhyaline, delicately nerved, the
margins
sparingly ciliolate, the posterior segment 1 mm. wide, the
anterior and
lateral segments slightly narrower; corolla puberulous,
rose-blue
mm
base and throat, slightly wider above middle, the lips 3.5 mm. long, the
mm. broad, obtuse, the lower lip 3-parted, the

upper lip ovate, about 2
lobes divided nearly to base, obovate, about 1.5 mm. wide, obtuse,
the mouth oi the corolla tube, the anthers

stamens reaching
—
ciliate;
„i f o r^rr. Inner nnH 0.5 mm. broad, acute at both ends, pilose
mm
and
o
stisma
mm. long and 0.25 mm. wide.
Nacional Colombiano, collected at Novita, De-
Type in the Herbario
Colombia, 170 meters altitude, March, 1853, by
nartment of Choco,
J Triana, s. n. , , . ^« ^
collected at San Pablo, 100 meters
Triana's specimen (s. n., Col)
may be of this species. It differs, however,
altitude, March 1853,
Novita specimen in having glabrous peduncles and lax spikes
from the
with lanceolate undulate bracts.
the LagocldUum group given
Aphelandra lotanodes belong to
(DC. Prodr. 11:290. 1847). These plants
generic status by Nees
small and herbaceous, standing midway between
are usually
Stenandr Greek
svord ôTaTwSTjs, meaning herbaceous.

FiGUUE 51
16. Aphelandra silvicola Leonard, sp. nov.
Herb
foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, apice
pilis sur'sum appressis; lamina
decurrenti-angustata, tenuis, Integra,
obtusa vel subobtusa, in petiolum
strigosa, juxta costam et venas alba
utrlnque parce strigosa, costa dense
rhache et pedunculo appresso-pubescenti-
vel f ulva ; spica terminalis,
ovatae, apice acutae vel subobtusae, moUiter
bus; bracteae imbricatae,
bracteolac lanceolatac, acummatae, hyalmae,
appresso-pubcscentes ;
exce
glanduloso-ciliata; corolla parce
subhyalina, minute parallelo-venosa,
lobis suborbicularibus stamina mclusa.
pubescens, tubo angustato, ;
TT„„u.. .f„_o ocô-nrli7icT Rnarinalv branched, about 2ij cm. liigh,

Herbs
upwardly up to 4 cm.
strigose; petioles
rooting at the lower nodes,
oblong-lanceolate, up to 12 cm.
lon^r, winged, strigose; leaf blades
obtusish at apex, narrowed at base,
lonS and 4 cm. wide, obtuse to
surfaces thinly strigose except the costa, this densely
thin, entire, both
so. the hairs about O.o mm
white or yellow flowers borne in terminal,
banded by a narrow area of ;
long and cm. broad, the peduncle 3

peduncled spikes, these 2 cm. 1.5
peduncle and rachis appressed-pubescent bracts imbri-

cm. long, both ;
cate, somewhat spreading, ovate, 1 cm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, acute or
toward the tip 2 or 3 small triangular as-
obtusish at apex, bearing
appressed-pubescent bractlets broadly
cendino' teeth, 7-nerved, softly ;
mm
parallel-nerved, glabrous except the opaque pubescent costa; calyx

segments lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, subliyaline, finely parallel-
nerved, minutely ciliolate with gland-tipped hairs, the posterior seg-
ment 6 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, the anterior pair slightly shorter,
1 mm. wide, the lateral pair 5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide corolla 2.5 ;
cm. long, sparingly pubescent, the tube narrow, 2 mm. diameter at m

base, 4 mm. at throat, the lobes suborbicular, subequal,
about 3 or 4
mm. long; stamens included; capsule not seen.
Type in the herbarium of the Eiksnuisect, Stockholm, collected in
the primitive forest of El Tambo, La Costa, Deixartment of Cauca.
Figure Sl.—Aphelandra silvicola Leonard {von Sneidern

923): a, Tipof stem showing leaves
and inflorescence; h, section of leaf blade (upper
surface) to show veinlets; f, bract; d,
bractlet; e, posterior calj^x segment; one of the anterior segments;
f, g, one of the lateral
segments, (a, b. Natural size; c-g, twice natural si/.e.)
Colombia, 800 meters altitude, July 31, 1936, by Kjell von

Sneidern
(No. 923). U, S. National Herb
A
remote relationship exists between Aphelandra silvicola
and
A. irwllis (Nees) Leonard, as suggested by a similarity
of size, growth
and character of the inflorescence. The two species should ""not be
confused, however, because of the ovate-cordate
leaf blades of A.
Tlie
dried herbarium material.
17. Aphelandra adsceiidens Leonard, sp. nov.
Herba, canlibus ascendentibus, parce strigosis, pilis sm^sum ap-

pressis, parce ramosis, nodis infimis radicans
; lamina f oliorum ob^^^
abnipte breviter-acuminata, basi

vel obovata, apice rotundata vel
supra pilosa, pilis ascendentibus,
angustata, in petioliiin decurreiis,
venis positis; petioli pu-
subtus strigosa, pilis praecipue in costa et
bescentes; spicae terminales et laterales, rbacbe et pedunculo fulvo-
breviter acuminatae, apice ipso

strigosis; bracteae rhombeo-ovatae,
glabrae, marginibus
obtuso,basi angustatae, extus dense pilosae, intiis
parallelis, gracilibns; bracteolae lanceolatae,

parce serratae, venis 5,
substriatae, marginibus subhyalinis,
carinatae, acutae, dorso pilosae,
parce ciliatis; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, striato-nervata,
parva, pallide incarnata, faucc flava,
marginibus parce ciliatis; corolla
minute glanduloso-puberula, lobis 5, rotundatis, minute crenatis;
gracilia, glabra; ovarium
antberae apice parce barbatae; filamenta
glabrum apice piloso excepto.
H
mm
appressed, 0.75 mm. long leaf blades
;
oblong to oblanceolate, up to
25 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, rounded or abruptly narrowed into a
short obtusish tip about 2

n"im. long, gradually narrowed from slightly
on the petiole, thin, entire,

above the middle to base and decurrent
the upper surface drying brownish, pilose, the hairs ascending, up to
drying greenish, strigose, the hairs

1.25 mm. long, the lower surface
appressed, about 0.5 mm. long, confined chiefly to costa and lateral
__, __ _^._ to _
long, the pubescence that of the blade spikes terminal
;
and lateral,
peduncle slender, 2 to 3 cm. long,

up to 5 cm. long and 1 cm. broad, the
rather densely strigose, the hairs yellowish, up to 1 mm. long, the
pubescence of the rachis the same as that of the peduncle; bracts

mm. long, 5 mm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip
rhombic-ovate, 10.5
itself blunt), narrowed at base, the outer surface densely pilose, the
hairs 0.75 mm. long, subappressed, the margins just above the middle
of the bract bearing 3 pairs of small, ascending teeth (0.5 mm. long),
the inner surface glabrous, the five omment

parallel; bractlets lanceolate, carinate, substriate, 7.5 mm. wide at
slightly below the middle, narrowly acute at tip, dorsally pilose, the
hairs up to 1 mm. long, ascending, the marginal region thin, sub-
hyaline, sparingly ciliate, the hairs minute, bhmt ; calyx segments

lanceolate, the posterior segment 6.5 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide
near base, the anterior pair 6.25 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base,
the lateral pair 5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, all striate-nerved,
narrowed upwardly to a slender tip, the margins very sparingly ciliate,
the hairs minute, papilliform corolla ;about 12 mm. long, pale pink
with yellow throat, minutely puberulous, the hairs gland-tipped, the
tube 1.5 mm. broad from base to 4 nun. above base, thence enlarged
to 3.25 mm. at throat, the lips equal, about 2 mm. long, the upper lip
228609—53 4
,
about 4 mm,
wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes about 1 mm. long, rounded,
the three lobes of the lower lip about 3 mm. long, rounded and
minutely crenate stamens attached 4 mm, above the base of the corolla
;
tube, 6 mm. mm.

long and slightly over 0.5 mm.
long, the anthers 2
wide, acute at base and sparingly bearded at tip, the filaments slender,
glabrous; ovary pilose at tip, the hairs ascending; style 8 mm. long,
slender, glabrous capsule not seen.
;
Type in the Gray Herbarium, brook in the high

collected at side of
forest of El Umbo (130 miles north of Bogota), Department of
Figure Sl.—A^hdandra adscendens Leonard {Lawrance 680): a, Tip of plant showing leaves
and spike; h, portion of leaf blade to show velnlets; c, bract; d, bractlct; e, posterior calyx
segment; one of the anterior segments; g, one of the
/, lateral segments; h, stamen; i,
type of marginal hairs on bractlets and calyx segments, {a, h, Natural size; c-h, twice
natural size; i, about 64 times natural size.)
Boyaca, Colombia, about 1,000 meters altitude, March 17, 1933, by

A. E. Lawrance (No. 680). Fragment of type in the U. S. National
Herbarium, No. 1934972.
Apkelandra adscendens should be easily recognized by its ascending
habit, small size, and by the rather densely pilose inflorescence. It
has a superficial resemblance to Lindau's RhoTubochamys rosulata^ but
that has a very short scape, rosulate leaves, glandular bracts and larger
flowers (the tube 12 mm. long instead of 6 mm., as in A, adscendens)
ochrolaryn FiGUEE 53
Herba
apicem c
,
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, II 161
ticis,subacutis, basi angustatis, submembranaceis, integris vel undul-

atis, supra dense pilosis, pilis appressis, costa et venis lateralibus ob-
scuris, subtus adpresso-pilosis, pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis;
aliquanto breves, dense pilosi, pilis ascendentibus spicae plures,
jjetioli ;
terminales et subterminales, rbachibus et pedunculis aliquanto dense

pilosis, subflavisbracteae erectae vel adscendentes (maturae patulae)
;
oblongo-rhombicae, acuminatae, dentatae, dentibus aliquanto longis,

subulatis, ascendentibus, pilosae, pilis appressis bracteolae oblongo-;
ianceolatae, acuminatae, subcarinatae, pilosae, pilis appressis vel as-

cendentibus; calycis segmenta anguste lineari-lanceolata, acuminata,
tenuiter striata,parce et obscure ciliolata, pilis ascendentibus, glandu-
losis corolla
; alba, f auce flava, parce et minute pubescens, labiis sub-
aequalibus, lobis ovatis, rotundatis vel emarginatis stamina esserta, ;
filamentis glabris ; capsulae ignotae.

Herbs
mm
e tip of the stem, the blades
cm. lone and 5.5 cm, wide.
submembranaceous, entire or undul
mm
long, yellowish, the costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs) obscure,
mm
numerous on the costa and lateral nerves; petioles up to 2 cm. long,
densely pilose, the hairs about 1 mm. long, ascending spikes several, ;
terminal and subterminal, up to 11 cm. long, lax at maturity, the

peduncles (up to 5 cm. long) and rachises rather densely yellowish
pilose, the hairs 0.75 to 1 mm. long, upwardly appressed or ascending;
bracts erect or ascending, spreading at maturity, oblong-rhombic, up
to 15 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, acuminate, appressed-pilose (the hairs
mm
teeth up to 3 mm. long and mm. wide at base
0.25 bractlets oblong- ;
lanceolate, up to 1 cm. long and 2 mm. wide, acuminate, subcarinate,

dorsally with appressed or ascending hairs, finely
moderately pilose
and obscurely parallel-nerved calyx segments;narrowly linear-lanceo-
late, acuminate, finely striate, obscurely and sparingly ciliolate with

posterior segment mm. long, 1 mm
i
mm. Ions and sliffhtlv over 0.75 mm

wide, tlie lateral segments G mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide corollas ;
yellow patch in front of the throat,

about 15 mm. long, white with a
finely and sparingly pubescent, the lips about 5 mm. long, the lobes
ovate, rounded or shallowly emarginate stamens exserted

; about 4 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla throat, the filaments glabrous, the
anthers 1.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, webby at tip; capsules not
seen.
;
Type in the herbarium of

Roynl Botanic Gardens at Kew, col-
tlie
lected at San Jose, along the Rio Putnniayo, Colombia, August 3, 1899
J
by T. A. Sprague (No. 601).

The specific epithet is derived from the Greek, wxpa, yellow, and
Xdpvj'^, throat, in allusion to the yellow-throated corolla.
Figure S^.—Aphelandra ochrolarynx Leonard (Sprague 601): a, Plant; L bract: c, bractlef

d, calyx; ^, glandular marginal hairs of calyx segment, (a^ Half natural size; b-d, twic^^
natural size; r, about 50 times natural size.)
10. Aphelandra uribei Leonard, sp. nov. FiGURK .'4
Suffrutex, caulibus parce ramosis, ascendentibus, nodis infimis radi-

cantibus, minute hirsutis, pilis appressis vel patulis; internodia brevia
lamina folioruni oblongo elliptica, apice acuminata, apice ipso obtuso,
LEONARD : THE ACANTHACEAP: OF COLOMBIA, II 163
basi plus minusve abrupte aiigustata, in petiolmn decurrens, minute

alveolata, subbullata, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, venis
prominentibus, costa et venis supra pilos raros minute fercntibus

pubescentes,
pilis curvatis; spica terminalis, pedunculo brevi, rliache alata, parce

puberula ; bracteae lanceolatae, tenuiter acuminatae, subtiliter puberu-
Jae, venis 3, prominentibus, venulis grosse reticulatis, marginibus ser-
ratis, dentibus subulatis; bracteolae subulatae, puberulae; calycis seg-
menta puberula, striata, segmentum posterius oblongo-lanceolatum,

segmenta anteriora et media lanceolata, apice subulata; corolla
rubra, papilliformi-puberula, tubo angusto, labio superiore erecto,
subobtuso, apice ipso minute apiculato, labio inferiore patulo, lobo
medio rotundato,
elliptico, apice lobis lateralibus obovatis, apicis ro-
tundatis; antherae apice cohaerentes; filamenta parce hirsuta; ova-
rium glabrum.
Suffrutescent herbs up to 30 cm. high stems
; sparingly branched,
ascending, rooting at the lower nodes, 3.5 mm. in diameter, minutely
liirsute, the hairs less than 0.25 mm. long, spreading to appressed; in-
ternodes short, 1 to 2 cm. long; leaf blades oblong-clliptic, up to 17
cm. long and 6 cm. "wide, acuminate at apex, the tip itself blunt, nar-
rowed at base, sometimes abruptly so and briefly decurrent on the
petiole, firm, subbullate, the margins entire or undulate, the upper

surface glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (6 to 8 pairs) bearing
a few minute hairs, the lower surface drying a lighter green than the
upper, the costa and veins pubescent, the hairs spreading and strongly
t;urved, the venation of both surfaces fairly prominent, the leaf sur-
faces minutely alveolate petioles (unwinged portion) 1 to 1.5 cm. long,

;
pubescent, the hairs curved spikes terminal,

; 8 to 13 cm. long, 8 to 10
mm. broad, the rachis winged, sparingly puberulous; bracts lanceo-
late, 19 mm. long, 6 mm. wide exclusive of teeth, slenderly acuminate,

forming an angle of 10 degrees with the rachis, the margins about 6
mm. above base and immediately below apex bearing 4 or 5 slender

ascending teeth up to 2 mm.
long, both surfaces finely puberulous, the
three principal veins prominent, indurate at base, the veinlets coarsely
reticulate toward tip of bracts; bractlets subulate, 3.5 mm. long, about
0.5 mm. wide at base, puberulous; calyx puberulous, striate, the pos-
terior segment oblong-lanceolate, 6.5 mm. long, slightly over 2 mm.

wide, tipped by 2 or 3 slender lobes 0.5 to 1 mm. long, the anterior and
middle pair of calyx segments lanceolate, 6 to 7 mm. long, 1 mm. wide,
ending in slender acuminate or subulate tips corolla

; red, about 4.5 cm.
long, minutely and sparingly pubescent without, glabrous within ex-
cept a narrow longitudinal band extending from basal part of middle

lobe to below mouth of corolla tube, the lobes ciliolate, the tube about 2
mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth, the upper
oval, about 7 mm. lonsr and 5 mm. wide, obtusish and i

apiculate at tip, the lower lip spreading, the middle lobo elliptic,
13
mm. long, 8 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded, the lateral lobes obovate,
6 mm. lonff, 4.5 mm. wide, rounded at their tir»s: stnnipn=; Pnnnlinrr r,v
barely
adhering at ti]
sules not seen.
Figure S^-ApMandra uribei Leonard {Uribe 1437); a, Tip of plant; b, bract; c, bractlet;
rf, posterior calyx segment; /, one of the anterior segments;/, one of the lateral segments;
g, posterior corolla lobe; K middle lobe of lower Hp; one of the lateral lobes; ;, anther
,',
and upper portion of filament; k, portion of spike showing

corolla, {a, Half natural size-
H, twice natural size; g -i, k, natural size; /, about four times natural size.)
Type in the
Uribe Herbarium, collected in the forests of Dabeiba,
Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 400 meters altitude,
January 13^
Lorenzo Uribe-Ui (No. 1437). Fragment in the U,
Herbarium 4
Aphelandra uribei can be recognized readily by its

ascending stems
with short mternodes and by its narrow, slenderly
acuminate, toothed
bracts. There may be some relationship between this
^ and A
aurantiaca
Leonard FiGUBE
caulibus puberulis, pilis brunneis

Herba vel suffrutex,
lorum
petiolum
ferens
costa et venis puberulis vel in costa pilis

&ubtus glabra, purpurea,
praeditis petioli recurvati, dense
minutis curvatis et rectis intermixtis ;
spicae solitariae, terminales, rhache

puberuli, pilis brunneis, curvatis;
albidis bracteae lanceolatae, puberulae,
puberula, pilis rectis, patulis, ;
nil5« trlnndnlosis et efflandulosis intermixtis, ciliatae, remote et minute

mar
subulatae, carinatae, parce birtellae,
bus crasse reticulatis bracteolae
;
intermixtis, costa prominente; calycis

pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis
subliyalina, graciliter acuminata,
segmenta subaequalia, lanceolata,
puberula, pilis
parce glandulosis et eglandulosis inter-
minute striata,
aliquando anteriora apice graciliter
mixtis, segmentum posterius et
minute pubescens, labio superiore
dentata corolla coccinea, parce
:
et
labio
ovarium pubescens capsulae ignotae.
stamina vix exserta ; ;
Herb
the uppermost internodes 3 to 5
about GO /x long, retrorsely curved, 3
1 i.1 J-T ^ w.,,^T^ li^rirrav. lonf VilorlpQ ImiPftOlatft. UT) tO 16 Cffi,
narrowed
decurrent on the petiole, entire, the upper surface
at base and briefly
mm
us
costa bearing additional straight sub-
veins, these puberulous or the
more
beneath than above; petioles recurved, up to 1 cm. long,
prominent
puberulous, the hairs curved spikes terminal, solitary.
densely brown ;
cm
whitish, straight, spreading, about 0.25 mm. long; bracts lanceolate,
mm. wide, acute, puberulous (the hairs

up to 32 mm. long and 6.5
about 175 fi long, some of them gland- tipped), ciliate, the hairs up to
of lateral nerves prominent, the
625 long, the costa and
IX
several pairs
'ginal
cm, lone, 0.75 mm. wide near base
carinate, rather sparingly hirtellous, the hairs ascending, up to 0.4
costa
slenderly
some
posterior segment 2 mm
sesrments 1*25 mm
segments
ted
scarlet, finely and sparingly pubescent, the
about 2 cm. long, the lips
posterior lip erect, about 6 mm. wide, acute at tip, the lower lip
spreading, the middle segment elliptic, abruptly acute, about 7 mm.
wide, the lateral segments similar but only about 4 mm. wide; stamens
slightly exserted; ovary pubescent.
Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, col-
Colomb
Spr
S.
Figure SS.—Aphelandra lonchochlamys Leonard {Spragui

394): a, Tip of plant; h, bract;
c, bractlet; d, calyx, spieaJ to show lobes and ovary; e, marginal hairs of
calyx segments!
{a. Half natural size; b, natural size; c, d, twice natui al size;
e, about 24 times natural size.)
The specific epithet is derived from the Greek A^-yx^/ spear, and ,
xXa/ii's, bract (military cloak), in allusion to the narrow lance-shaped

bracts.
Aphelandra loTxchochlamy^ is possibly related to A, repanda Nees
Mathetc That
species,however, has much larger leaf blades with strongly repand '
margins. Both species are in turn related to A.
aurantkca,
21. Aphelandra puberula Leonard, sp. nov. FiGuitE 156
Suffrutex, caulibus glabris vel sursum

puberulis; lamina foliorum
ovata, apice acuminata, basi subcordatt1
vel rotundata, in petiolum
clecurrens, Integra vel undulatu, supni glabra vel in costa deoi^sinn

strigosa, subtus minute punctata, glabra, costa et veiiis puberulis;
potioli strigosi ; spica terminalis, rhaclie dense et subtiliter pubescente,
pilis patulis;bracteae asccndentcs, rhombicae, dentibus tenuibus,
curvatis; bracteolae subulatae, striatae, puberulae; calycis segmenta
subaequalia, striata, puberula, acuminata, apice dentata; corolla rubra,
aliquanto dense puboscens, tubo angustato, labiis subaequalibus, labio
superiore ovato, obtuso, labio inferiore trilobate, lobis subaequalibus,
ovatis, obtusis; ovarium glabrum.
Suffrutescent stems glabrous or puberulous toward tip; leaf blades
;
ovate, 21 cm. long and 10 cm. wide, acuminate, subcordate to rounded

at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, bright green,
the upper surface glabrous or the costa strigose toward base of blade,
the lower surface minutely j)unctate, glabrous except the costa and
lateral veins (11 or 12 pairs), these puberulous; petioles up to 3 cm.
long, strigose; spike terminal, 15 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, tlie
rachis finely and densely pubescent, the hairs spreading; bracts
imbricate, ascending, rhombic, up to 27 mm. long and 12 mm. wide,
puberulous and veiny on both sides, the lowêr third and tip of bract
entire, ihe upper portion bearing about 8 slender, more or less curved,
subulate teeth up to 4 mm. long; bractlets subulate, 1 cm. long, striate,
puberulous; calyx segments subequal, about 12 mm. long, striate,
puberulous, slenderly acuminate, the posterior segment 4.25 mm. wide,
2' or ?>-toothed at apex, the anterior segments 2.5 mm. wide, the lateral
ones about 2 muL wide, both anterior and lateral segments often bear-
ing 1 or more minute teeth near tip; corolla 4 cm. long, red, rather
densely pubescent, the tube narrow, 3 cm. long, about 3 mm, broad at
base and 5 mm, broad at mouth, the lips subequal, the upper lip ovate,
about 15 mm. long and 12 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded, the lower lip
3-lobed, the lobes subequal, ovate, about 12 mm. long and 7 mm. wide,
obtuse ovary glabrous capsules not seen.
; ;
Type in the herbarium of the Eiksmuseet, Stockholm, collected in

primitive forest at La Costa, Department of El Cauca, Colombia, 900
meters altitude, July 27, 193G, by Kjell von Sneidern (No. 809).
Fragment of type in tlie U. S. National Herbarium,
Cauca '*Dense damp forests around Bl Peiiol on the western j>lopes of the
:
West Andes of Popayan, 1,800 to 1*,000 meters altitude, May'' [Lehmann's field
notes], Lehmann S632 (K). Lehuiann states that the plant is a herbaceous
shrub with slender, weakly raniifled .stems up to 1.3 meters in height and the
leaves are dark j^reen and the flowers of a luminous vermilion color.
Aphelandra puhenda can be separated from A. sneidernii by its
sharply toothed, conspicuously puberulous bracts. The bracts of A,

sneidernii are so minutely puberulous as to appear, without a lens, to be
glabrous and the teeth are barely 0.5 mm. long hi contrast to the
slender well-developed ones of A, jruhervla. Aphelandra pubermla
can be distinguished from A. impressa^ wliicli has superficially similar

bracts, by the shape of its leaf blades. These are siibcordate or
rounded at base instead of being gradually narrowed as in A. ivipressa.
The specific name jmherula alludes to the puberulous bracts.
Figure S6.~Apkclandra puberula Leonard (ten Sneidern 869): a, Tip of plant; b, bract;
c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; e, one of the anterior segments;/, one of the lateral
segments, {a. Half natural size; h-f, natural size.)
2?, Aphelandra aurantiaca (Schiedw.) Lindl.

Hcmisandra aurantiaca Schiedw. BuH. Acad. Sci. BnixeUes 9: 22. 1842. Type
grown in the Jardin Botanique de Bruxelles in the year 1839 from seeds
procured from Mexico. (Aurantiaca: orange colored, alludes to the color
of the corollas.)
Aphelandra aurantiaca Lindl. Bot. Reg. 31: ph 12, 18-15. Based on Hemisandra
aurantiaca.
ApJielandra actttifolia Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 209. 1847. A number of cotypes
are cited. The first mentioned was collected at Vitoe, Peru, by Ruiz and
deposited in the Berlin Herbarium. The remaining cotypes were collected
by various botanists in Peru, Mexico, and Surinam.
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ II 169
Herbaceous to suffrutescent, erect, up to 1.5 meters liigh, glabrous

or sparingly pilose, the internodes 2 to 9 cm. long; leaf blades oblong-
ovate to elliptic, the majority of them 8 to 20 cm. long and 2.5 to 12
cm. wide, acute to acuminate, gradually to abruptly narrowed at base
and more or less decurrent on the petiole, sometimes obliquely so,
chartaceous, glabrous or essentially so, sometimes bearing a few minute
white hairs on the veins, the margins entire or undulate, the costa and
lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs) prominent, arcuate, the upper surface
nitid, obscurely and rather coarsely reticulate, minutely alveolate, the
lower surface somewhat whitish, the reticulations obscure; petioles
up to 10 cm. long, glabrous; flowers borne in simple terminal spikes
up cm. long and 3 cm. wide (excluding the corollas), the rachis
to 15
puberulous, the nodes flattened and slightly excavate bracts imbricate,
;
oblong-lanceolate, up to 3 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, acuminate, veiny,

softly and densely puberulous, the hairs ascending, the margins cilio-
late, serrate, the teeth up to 1.5 mm. long bractlets narrowly lanceolate
;
and slenderly acuminate; calyx about 1 cm. long, the posterior seg-
ment oblong, 3 mm. wide, acute, the lateral and anterior pairs linear-
lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, the 5 segments and bractlets striate-nerved
and puberulous, the nerves ending at the base of each segment in a
callus about 1 mm, long; corollas 6 to 6 cm. long, red, orange or scarlet,
sparingly puberulous, the upper lip oblong-ovate, about 2 cm. long
and 1.2 cm. wide above the base, obtusish and entire at apex, the lower
lip spreading, the lobes elliptic-ovate, the middle one up to 2,5 cm.
long and 1.8 cm. wide, obtuse, the lateral ones similar but only about
4
half as large; capsules 1.6 cm. long, sparingly puberulous; seeds

hispidulous.
Aphelandra aurantiaca is a variable species and perhaps consists
of a number of races or forms. The Mexican and Central American
specimens in the U. S, National Herbarium have as a rule smaller and
more slenderly toothed bracts than do the South American plants.
The bracts of some of the North American plants are in fact practi-
cally pectinate- Red flowers seem to be more prevalent than yellow
or orange ones.
Usually found in dense forests, from Mexico to Bolivia. Apparently
rare in Colombia.
Amazonas: Loretoyacu River, Trapecio Amazonico, Schultcs 6630 (Col).
Department (?) Mutis 1494 (US).
:
23. Aphelandra leiophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Figuke 57
Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris; lamina foliorum

oblongo-elliptica, aliquanto abrupte acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, undulata, glabra, minute alveolata,
costa et venis supra obscuris, subtus prominentibus; petioli breves,
glabri; spica solitaria, terminalis, subsessilis, rhache glabra; brae-
teae aliquanto arete appressae, ellipticae, venosae, tenues, glabrae,

minute et parce serratae; bracteolae subulatae, carinatae, venosae,
pilos raros minutes papilliformes ferentes; calycis segmenta lanceo-
lata, glanduloso-ciliolata, apice angustata, gracilia; corolla glabra^
sursum rubra, cleorsum subfulva, tubo angustato, labio superiore
erecto, ovato, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis subaeqiuilibus, ellipticis,
acutis; filamenta glabra; antberae apice cobaerentes, dorso pilosae,
Suffrutescent herbs up meter high; stems subquadrangular,
to 1
glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 24 cm. lon^r and 8.5 cm.

wide, rather abruptly acuminate, the tip itself blunt, gradually nar-
rowed from about the middle to base and decurrent on the petiole,
undulate, glabrous, minutely alveolate, the alveoli more apparent on
the under surface, the costa and veins (12 to 14 pairs) obscure above,
prominent beneath; petioles (unwinged portion) about 1 cm* long,
glabrous; spikes solitary, terminal, up to IG cm. long, and 1.5 cm.
broad, the bracts rather closely appressed, the rachis glabrous; pe-
duncles 0,5 cm, long, 4 mm. up to 22 mm.
in diameter; bracts elliptic,
long and 10 nmi. wide, acute, thin, veiny, glabrous, the margins mi-
nutely and distantly toothed, the teeth up to 0.25 mm. long; bractlets
subulate, 6.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide
near base, carinate, veiny, bearing
scattered, minute, papilliform hairs 25 ix long; calyx 9 mm. long, the
segments lanceolate, the posterior segment about 4 mm, wude, tipped by
3 subulate lobes 1 to 1.5 mm. long, the other segments 1.5 to 2 mm, wide,
gradually narrowed to slender spinelike tips, glabrous, ciliolate with
minute gland-tipped hairs about 25 fx long, the nerves of each segment
ending basally in a thick callus; corolla glabrous, red distally, yellow-
ish proximally, 6 cm, long, the tube about 4 mm. broad gradu-
at base,
ally enlarged to 7 mm, at mouth, the lips equal, 2 cm. long, the upper
lip erect, ovate, about 14 mm.
wide, obtusish at apex, the lower lip
o-lobed, the middle lobe about 1 cm. wide, the lateral lobes about C
mm, wide, all acutish at apex; stamens IC nun, long, the filaments
dorsally pilose apically, the anthers 5 mm. long, cohering at their tips,
the hairs about 0.75 nun. long; capsules not seen.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1852615, collected in
woods at La Laguna on the left bank of the Rio Sanguinini, Depart-
ment of El Valle, Colombia, 1,250 to 1,400 meters altitude, December
10-20, 1943, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 15486).
In relationship, Aphelandra lelophylla is closest to ^1, aurantiaca.
In comiâring the two species, however, one will notice the strictly
glabrous bracts and the thicker, alveolate leaf blades of A, Jeiophylla.
The corollas of the two species are also noticeably dissimilar. The
corolla lips of /I, awrantiaca are usually much larger than those of
.4. leiofliylla and the lateral lobes of the lower lip are relatively much
smaller than the middle one. In A. lemphylJa the lobes of the lower
. -^'
lip are similar in size. The name leiophyllaMlos, smooth, and 4)v\\ov,
glab
C
Hierba
claro en el enves; corolla roja,
60 cm. alt. ; lioja verde obsciira en el haz,
tubo amarillento."
Leonard {Cuciirecasas Li436): a. Basal portion ot

Figure SI —Aphelandra leiophylla
inflorescence; b, bract; c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; e, one of the anterior seg-
ments; /, one of the lateral segments; g, upper part of stamen; h, upper lip of corolla;
;', one of the lateral lobes of lower lip. {a, Half natural size;
1, middle lobe of lower lip;
d-f, twice natural size; about three times natural size.)

h, c, h-j, natural size; g,
21. Aphelandra nana Leouard, sp. nov. FiGUKE
Suffrutex parvus, caulibus ascendentibus, deorsum teretibus, sur-
sum
lamina foliorum ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuminata vel breviter
acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angusta, in petiolum breviter

,
decurrens, utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, plus

minusve puberulis, pilis curvatis; petioli puberuli, pilis curvatis;
spicae terminales, solitariae, subcapitatae, pedunculo brevi. puberul
bracteae
puberul
serratis (dentibus 3 vel 4 paribus), costa et venis lateralibus
prom-
inentibus, venulis prope margines crasse reticulatis bracteolae anguste
;
minute puberulae
sub
coriacea, minute puberula, pilis patulis, segmentum
posterius apice
bidentatum, dentibus triangularibns, parvis, anteriora et lateralia gra-
ciliter acuminata; corolla coccinea, parce pubescens, tubo leviter cur-
vato, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto, acute,
labio infcriore
profunde lobato, lobis obovatis, obtusis; stamina vix exserta, fila-
mentis deorsiim minute et parce hirtellis ; ovarium puberulum ; cap-
sulae maturae ignotae.
Suffrutescent, up to 30 cm. high
stems ascending, the upper portions
;
quadrangular, moderately puberulous (the hairs up to 0.25 mm. long,

curved), the lower portions terete, up to 3.5 mm. in diameter;
leaf
7
acumniate to short-acummate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed
at base
and briefly decurrent on the petiole, both surfaces glabrous except
the
costa and lateral veins (6 to 8 pairs), these more or less puberulous
with curved hairs, the venation obscure but less so beneath than
above 5
petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, moderately puberulous with
curved hairs;
spikes solitary, terminal, about 3 cm. long and 2.5 cm.
broad, the pedun-
cle 2 mm. long, puberulous with curved hairs,
the rachis puberulous
with minute brownish spreading hairs bracts rhombic-ovate,
;
2.5 cm.
long and 11?-13 mm. wide, acute to subacute, minutely brown-puberu-
lous, the margins above middle serrate with 3
or 4 pairs of sharp tri-
angidar teeth up to 1.5 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins
rather
prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate toward margins;
bractlets
narrowly lanceolate, 8.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide near base,
slenderly
acuminate, striate, finely puberulous, the hairs spreading,
up to 150/t
long; calyx segments subequal, lanceolate, about 1
cm. long, striate,
whitish, subcoriaceous, minutely puberulous, the hairs
spreading, up
igmcnt
segments
mm
scirmen
sparingly pubescent, the tube slightly curved, 4 mm.

broad at base, 5
mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, about 15 mm. long, the
upper
lip erect, ovate, 8 mm. wide near base, acute,
the lower lip deeply
3-parted, the lobes obovate, obtuse, the middle lobe
1 cm. wide, the iat-
mm
corolla tube but barely reaching tlie tip of the upper lip, the filaments
glabrous toward tip, the lower portions sparingly and minutely hirtel-
lous; ovary puberulous; capsules not seen.

Ma
ity of Ocafia
Magdalena a
Schlim (No. 780)
Tip of plant; bract; c, bractlet;

Figure S^—Jpkdandra nana Leonard (Kalbrey^r 344): d, b,
one of the anterior calyx segments; one of the lateral calyx

d, posterior calyx segment; e, /,
segments; marginal hairs of a calyx segment; h, corolla, {a, b, h. Natural size; c-f,
g,
twice natural size ; g, about 40 times natural size.)
Kalbreyer's No. 344 (K)

this species
Aphelandra nana
that species mainly in its small size. Schlim
were fire red (rouge fonee). accompanies
6-12
half shade." The specific epithet is from the Greek vavo^, dwarf, allud-
ing to the small stature of the plant.
25. Aphelandra sneidernii Leonard, sp. nov. FiGi'iiE 59

Suifrutex, caiilibus glabris; lamina folionim oblonga, apice acum-
inata, basi rotundata vel subacuta, obliqua, supra parce
puberula,
subtus glabra, costa et venis prominentibus, minute et obscure pub-
escentibus; petioli glabri, canalibus puberulis; spicae terniinales, sol-
itariae, sessiles, rhaclie puberula; bracteae arete imbricatae, tenues,
Figure 59— Aphelandra sneidernii Leonard {von Sneidern 868): a, Basal portion of in-
florescence; b, tip of spike; c, bract; d, bractlet; e, posterior calyx segment, /, one of the
anterior segments; one of the lateral segments,
g, (a, b. Three-fourths natural size; c-g,
natural size.)
ovatae, serratae (dentibus utrinque 3 vel

4), venosae, minute brunneo-
puberulae bract<?olae subulatae, puberulae ; calycis segmenta
;
lanceo-
lata, acuminata, glabra vel apice puberula,
segmentum postcrius apice
bidontatum; corolla lutea (?), minute pubescens, tube cylindrico,
labiis subaequalibus, labio superior© ovato,
integro, labio inferiore
trilobate, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; ovarium
glabrum.
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, U 175
Suffrutescent ; stems glabrous; leaf blades oblong, up to 18 cm

acuminate at apex, rounded or subacute at base
long and 8 cm. wide,
sometimes obliquely so, bright green, the upper surface sparingly anc
puberulou
prominent, minu
and inconspicuously pubescent
terminal, about 13 cm. long and 2 cm
rachis puberulous; bracts closely imbricate, ovate,
broad, sessile, the
thin, up to 23 mm. long and 12 mm. wide, acute, serrate (3 or 4 minute
teeth on each side) both surfaces
, veiny and minutely brown-puberu-
lous bractlets subulate,
; about 7 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, carinate,
puberulous calyx ;segments lanceolate, about 12 mm. long, acuminate,
striate, glabrous or puberulous at tips, the posterior segment 4 mm.

wide, bidentate at apex, the anterior pair 2.5 mm. wide, the lateral pair
2 mm. wide, both pairs slenderly acuminate; corolla orange (?), mi-
nutely pubescent, 4 cm. long, the tube cylindric, about 2.5 mm. broad
at base and 6 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal or the upper
lower, erect or slightly spreading, ovate,
slightly longer than the
about 16 mm. long and 9 mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the lobes subequal, 13 mm. long, rounded, the middle lobe about 8 mm.
wide, the lateral ones about 4 mm. wide ovary
; glabrous.
Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected
in primitive forest of La Costa, El Tambo, Department of Cauca,

Colombia, 1,200 meters altitude, July 27, 1936, by Kjell von Sneidern
(N XT. S. National Herbarium, No. 2059876
Aphelandra sneidemii may be related to A. puberuia, but it differs
in its minutely toothed and inconspicuously puberulous bracts.
iiej. Aphelandra impressa Lindau

Aphelandra impressa Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 657. 1897. Type collected
near San Crist6bal, M6rida, Venezuela, 950 meters altitude, by Funck &
Sehlim (No. 1244). The name impressa alludes to the pitlike impressions
found on the dorsal surface of the bracts in which the glandular dots are
imbedded.
Stems terete, the lower portions glabrous, the upper parts more or
less puberulous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, straight or curved, up-
cm
acuminate
falcate from
about the middle into a winged petiole, the margins entire or shallowly
crenate, both surfaces sparingly and inconspicuously pubescent, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, appressed, more numerous on the costa and
veins (10 to 13 pairs), these rather prominent; petioles (unwinged
to 15 mm. lone, mmu
cm. loner and 2 cm
22S609— 53 5
corollas and brown puberulous;

tips of bracts), the racliis densely
bracts closely imbricate, subrhombic, acuminate, often slenderly so and
the tips spreading or recurved, both surfaces minutely brown puberu-
lous, the teeth 8 to 10on each side, these slender, ending in spines, 1.5
to 4.5 mm. long, the glandular area on either side of the midrib deeply
impressed dorsally, the pit about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad;
bractlets subulate, 8 mm. long and 1 mm. wide near the base, curved,
carinate, minutely pubescent dorsally; calyx puberulous toward tip,
10 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, the posterior segment acuminate,
2.5 mm. wide, the others ending in a spinelike tip, 1,5 mm. wide near
base; corolla purple or red, minutely pubescent, 5.5 to 6 cm. long, the
tube 2.5 mm. broad at base, 5 to 7 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip
ovate, about 13 mm. long, 9 mm, wide, acuminate, entire, the lower
lip 3-lobed nearly to base, the lobes oblong-elliptic, acuminate, the
middle lobe 15 mm. long and 4.5 mm. wide, the lateral lobes 12 mm. long
and 3.5 mm. wide stamens exserted beyond the mouth of the corolla
;
tube but not exceeding the upper lip, the filaments 3.3 to 4 cm. long,
pubescent toward base, the anthers 5.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad;
style 4 to 5 mm. long; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.
According to Cuatrecasas the plants of this species are shrubby,
much branched, bear red {roio vivo) corollas, have purple bracts and
blossom chiefly in November and December. They occur usually be-
tween the altitudes of 240 and 1,240 meters. Found also in Venezuela
and Brazil.
Meta: Between Villaviceucio and BogotA, Sprague s.n. (K). Guapayita, Cor-
dillera La Macarena, Idroio d Schultes 840 (US).
Norte de SANXANDEii Rio Margua valley, between Junin and C6rdoba,
:
Cuatrecasas 13374 (Ch, US),

PUTUMAYo Quebrada de Sipenae,
: left side of the Rio San Miguel. Cuatrecasas
11007 (Ch, US).
Vaot£s Along the Rio Guaviare,
: at San Jos6 del Guaviare, Cuatrecasas 7456
(US).
27. Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard, sp. noy. Figure 60
Herba, caulibus saepe simplicibus, ascendentibus, subquadrangular-
ibus, minute hirtellis, pilis ascendentibus, sursum curvatis, internodiis
brevibus; folia numerosa, erecta vel ascendentia, laminis anguste
lanceolatis (apice ipso obtuso^. basi m
gustatis, in petiolum
rentibus, submembranaceis, undulatis, utrinque parce hirtellis,
costa
et venis lateralibus subtus aliquanto substrigosis petioli graciles.
;
ascendentibus vel adpressis; spicae solitariae, terminales,

liirtelli, pilis
subsessiles, rhache parce pubescent^, pilis patulis, minutis

bracteae ;
imbricatae, ascendentes, lanceolatae, extus puberulae et hirtellae

(pilis
minutis
puberulae vel basi glabrae, utrinque venis prominentibus, venulis
crasse reticulatis dentibus gracilibus, spiniformibus,
ascendentibus.
;
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, H 177
piiberulis terminatis; ocelli minuti, depress!; bracteolae lanceolatae,
graciliter acuminatae, subhyalinae, striatae, parce liirtellae, pilis
ascendentibus, calycis segmenta lanceolata, subhyalina, subtiliter
striata, apice hirtella et ciliata, segmentum posterius apice obtusum,
mucronatum, anteriora et lateralia apice graciliter acuminata ; corolla

tub
subaequalibus
oblanceolatis, subacutis ; stamina vix exserta ; ovarium
glabrum; capsulae ignotae.
Herbs up to 40 cm. high stems mostly simple, as
;
ascending, upwardly curved

mm
erect or ascending, the blades narrowly lanceolate, up to 12 cm. long
and decurrent
submembranaceous, undulate, both surfaces sparingly hirtel-
the costa and lateral veins of the lower surface rather densely
lairs subappressed, up to 0.5 mm. long, the venation moderately

ent; petioles slender, to 3 cm. long, hirtellous, the hairs
up
ng or appresscd, about 0.5 mm. long; spikes solitary, terminal,
ile, about 6 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, the rachis sparingly
>nt, the hairs spreading, about 0.5 mm. long bracts imbricate,
;
ng, lanceolate, 13 nmi. long, 7 mm. wide above the middle, the
mce of the outer surface a mixture of minute spreading hairs
J70 long and larger ascending ones averaging 625 ^ in length,

fi
the inner surface merely puberulous and glabrous toward base, the
venation of both surfaces prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate
towards margins, ending in slender spinose teeth (usually 8 pairs),
these ascending, up to 3 mm. long, sparingly puberulous ocelli mi- ;
nute, elliptic, about 125 p. long, aggregated in a veinless depressed

area about 0.75 mm. in diameter, irregularly margined and located
near the base of the third tooth from the tip on either side of the bract
bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide

near base, slenderly
acuminate, subhyaline, finely striate, the dorsal region sparingly hir-
mm the costa ending at
base in a swollen callus; calyx segments lane
finely striate but thickened and smooth at base
at tip, the hairs ascending, up to 625 long. /i, sesrment
mm
mm.
the anterior segments
loner,
11. 5 mm. wide near base, slenderly acuminate, the lateral i
mm. lonsr, 1.25 mm. wide near base, slenderly acuminate

cm (Ajid
toward tip, the hairs about 0.6 mm. long, spreading, the tube slightly
mm. above base, b mm,
mm. lono- and 12 mm
wide, acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes oblanceolate, the
lobe 12 mm. long, 5.5 mm. wide, subacute, the lateral lobes sim
stamens sliffhtlv exserted bevond
tube of the upper lip; ovary
glabrous ; mature capsules not seen.
herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ke
lected "Llanos" in the vicinity of Salitre, Departn: of
Colomb
Andre (No. 1055).
Figure (^.—Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard (Andre 1055): a, Tip of plant; b, bract;

c, ocelli; d, bractlet;
posterior calyx segment;/, one of the anterior segments;
e,
g, one of the
lateral segments; k, tip of one of the anterior segments; t, tip
of corolla, (a, V, Half natural
size; b, d-g, twice natural size; 4 times natural
c, size; k, about 26 times natural size.)
Sabanas de S
Meta
is also of this species.
Aphelandra lamprantha is closely related to A, impressa^ agreeing
acuminate
covered by numerous minute ocelli. If the two species are compared,
however, differences are readily apparent. Aphelandra
lamprantha
is much smaller and herbaceous with leaf blades
not exceeding 21 mm.
in width, the stems are hirtellous with ascending hairs, and the bracts
lanceolate, ascending and straight rather than rhombic and recurved.

probably reaching a meter in height,
Aphelandra wipressa is shrubby,
the stems are puberulous with
at tips upwardly appressed hairs and
the leaf blades oblong-elliptic, reaching as much as 6 cm. in width.
Tlift RDftoifif' cuithet is from the Greek \aLnrp6s, bright or radiant, and
ossoms
Aphelandra lasia Leonard, sp. nov. Figure til

28.
caulibus subquadrangularibus, dense pilosis, pilis albidis,

Frutex,
um
acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, Integra vel undulata,
dense pilosa, pilis albidis, patulis vel as-
supra parce pilosa, subtus
cendentibus; petioli dense pilosi; spicae 5 vel plures, terminales et
subterminales, rhache dense pilosa; bracteae imbricatae, fulvescentes,
rhombicae, acutae, dense pilosae, integrae vel dentes 1-4, minutos, as-
ellipticis, approximatis, fuscis, con-

cendentes ferentes, ocellis 5-10,
lanceolatae, carinatae, extus dense pilosae,
spicuis; bracteolae anguste
pilis, ascendentibus; calycis segmenta lanceolata, indurata, deorsum
pilosa; corolla punicea, parce
glabra vel subglabra, sursum dense
puberula, labiis erectis, subaequalibus, labio superiore ovato, profunde
acuminatis, patulis, labio inferiore tri-
bilobato, lobis lanceolatis,
lobis lateralibus triangularibus,
lobato, lobo medio oblongo-lanceolato,
adnatis; fiiamenta glabra antherae
acutis, in labio superiore basi
apice cohaerentes, dorso pubescentes ovarium;
glabrum.
stems subquadrangular, at least the
Shrubs up to 2 meters high;
hairs whitish, spreading or some-
upper portions densely pilose, the
mm
29 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, subacuminate, narrowed from about the
or undulate, rather thin, the upper
middle to a winged petiole, entire
surface sparingly pilose, the hairs up to 1.5 mm. long, densely pilose
veins (about 22 pairs),
beneath especially on the costa and lateral
or ascending; petioles (unwinged por-
the hairs whitish, spreading
winged portion to 7 cm, long, both densely
tion) 5 to 10 mm. long, the 6
terminal
the rachis densely pilose bracts ascend-
5 to 10 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, ;
mm. long and y mm

minute
mm
mm
carinate
mm. wide near base, densely pilose without, the hairs

16 mm. long, 3
mm
middle, the anterior pair 3.5 mm
mm. wide, all indurate and glabrous or nearly so
the lateral pair 3
about 6 mm. from

tube
6 mm. broad at base, contracted at tip of ovary to 3 mm., thence grad-
ually expanded to 7 mm. at mouth, the lips erect, about
equal, 3 cm.
long, the posterior lip about 8 mm. wide at basal part
of the 2 lobes,
these lanceolate, 17 mm. long, 5 mm. wide at middle, slenderly acu-
spreading, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe free to base.
oblonff mm. wide at about the middle
to? 7
FicvRE 6L~Jpk,landra lasia Leonard {Ilaught 3945): a, Tip of stem showing part of
inflorescence; b, bract; c, bractlet; d, portion of bract to show ocelli; f, posterior calyx
segment;/, one of the anterior segments;
g, one of the lateral segments; h, tip of stamen.
{a. Half natural size; b, c, e-g, natural size;
d, about twice natural size; h, about three
mm
their upper margins adhering in part to the upper lip; stamens 5
cm. long, the filaments glabrous, the anthers 6.5 mm.
long, adhering
at tip, dorsally pubescent; style about 5.5 cm. long,
glabrous; capsules
not seen.
~ji^^ ^.. ...^ U
w. ^. iiuoou, coJiecteci near
.L,«i,xwiicii xxciudiiLiiJi, i>o.
stream in forest above Manaure, Department of Magdalena,
Colom-
meters altitude, January 16, 1944, by Oscar Haught
(No.
3946).
OtJNDiNAMABCA Guaduas,
:
Triana (Col, NY). Road between Gâduas and
rarumillo, Qarcia-Barriga 12323 (US).
Alto de Aguaclara, at the Hacienda
Santat?dek: Santa Bdrbara, A'ttZ^reyer 794 (K). _
^
Alto de Penones, Oarcia-Bamga

Tolima: Between El Lfbano and Murillo.
12268 (US).
deppeana but can be separated
^^helandra lasia is related to A.
brown (in herbarium material) densely
easily from that by its light ,
bracts with their few (if any) minute teeth (up to 1 mm. high)
pilose
The bracts of A, deppeana are much smaller (8 to 15 mm. long instead
mm.^ and
mm om
(5-10), less well developed bract teeth
above in having fewer ocelli
some
lasia,. \o.(jio%,
blades, but agrees in general appearance.
shaggy, alludes to the heavy pilosity of th(
Kalbreyer's label bears the following da

rough woolly fl. brig
;
S. Barbara 6/11/78."
FiGUBE
29. Aphelandra taborensis Leonard, sp. nov.
sursum dense strigosis, deorsum
Arbor parva ramosa, caulibus
lamin
gustata, supra glabra vel subglabra, subtus
molliter pubes(
prominentibus petioli ;
al:
pleurumque 3, terminales
minute
molliter
minutis
areolam parvam lacunosam formantibus; bracteolae lanceolatae,
dense pubescentes, striato-ner-
acuminatae, obliquo-carinatae, extus
lanceolata, acuta, extus puberula,^striato-
vatae; calycis segmenta
anguste hypocrateriforml, labio
nervata; corolla punicea, tubo
triansrularibus
medio
triangulo-ovatis, subacutis, in labio
minute apiculato, lobis lateralibus
dnatis, stamina glabra, lobis basi apiculatis; ovarmm
glabrum
Small
leaf blades oblanceolat^, 12 to 13.5 cm.
the lower portions glabrate;
acumi
from above middle
[Guatrecasas)
younger leaves rather densely appressed-
glabrous or nearly so or the
mm. lone, the lower surface drying
grayish olive, densely and softly pubescent, the hairs
mm
;
ta and
lateral veins (11 or 12 pairs) prominent, especially or
?er surface; petioles about 1 cm. long, appressed-pubescent
usually terminal and subterminal, the peduncles 1 to 2 cm!
3,
ensely brown-pubescent, the spikes 4 to 7 cm. long and 1.5 cm.
the rachis densely brown-pubescent bracts ovate, 9 to 10 mm. ;
5 mm. wide, obtuse and minutely apiculate, rose-violet {Cuatre-

casas 3
coriaceous, entire or tipped by a pair of minute teeth, densely
r-t^k
Figure 62.— Jphlandra tahorensis Leonard (Cuair^casas 22284):

a, Tip of stem; b, bract;
c, portion of bract to show glandular
area; d, bractlet; e, posterior calyx segment';
/, one'
of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; k, corolla; i, pubescence of corolla;
; anther, (a, h, Half natural sl?.e; b, d, e-g, natural size; c, twice natural size; i, about
24 times natural size;/, about three times natural size.)
and softly pubescent dorsally, the hairs barely 0.5 mm. long,
the
glandular area on either side poorly defined, the individual
ocelli
joined to form a small pitted area; bractlets lanceolate,
11 mm. long,
mm
gments
mm
mm
{Cuatrecasas)
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, 11 183
3t the basal portion, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, enlarged

mm., thence narrowed to 2 mm. at 7 mm. above \
enlarged to 5 mm. at throat, the upper lip erect

gul
mm
lobe ?
below
middle, obtusish and minutely apiculate at tip, the lateral lobes 9 mm*
mm
fi
mm
their lobes minutely apiculate at base; pistil slightly exceeding the
stamens; ovary glabrous; mature capsule not seen.
TvDe in the U. S. National Herbarium, No, 1900488, collected on
J Cordillera Occidental
Valle, Colombia
tude, October 19, 1946, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 22284),
The pair of minute found on some of the bracts together with
teeth
an agreement in the general aspect suggests a relationship of A. ta-
horensis with A. deppeana Schlecht. & Cham.
30. Aphelandra deppeana Schlecht. & Cham.

Aphelandra pulcherrima sensii Nov. Geu, & Sp. 2: 236, 1817, p. p.
H. B. K.
Two syntypes are cited, one collected in a cool, shady place near Turbaco,
Colombia, and the other at the mouth of the Rio Sinu, Colombia. The first
cited is the true A. pulcherrima (Jacq.) H. B. K. characterized by entire
bracts and softly pubescent (under surface) leaf blades. The second cited
is marked by pectinate bracts and was later described by Nees as A, pectmata, r
Aphelandra deppeana Schlecht & Cham, Linnaea 5: 96. 1830. Type collected
at Hacienda de la Laguna^ Mexico, by Deppe and Scheide. Schlechtendal
named the species in honor of Ferdinand Deppe.
Aphelandra pectinata Wilid. ex Noes, DC, Prodr. 11: 297. 1847, Here is cited
first in a series of syntypes the Rio Sinii specimen mentioned above under A.
pulcherrima. The specimen examined by Nees is in the Willdenow Herbar-
ium, No. 11623. A pliotograph of this is in the U. S. National Herbarium
(Field Mus. pliotograph No. 9511), The other syntypes cited by Nees
under A. pccthvita ^yero procured by various collectors from Mexico, Central
America, the IJuianas, Colombia, and th( The name pectinata
alludes to the pecUnately toothed bracts.
Aphelandra haenkcana Nees, DC, Prodr. 11; 298, 1847. The first specimen
cited by Nees among a number of syntypes is that collected at Acapulco,
Guerrero, Mexico, by Ilaenke. The other syntypes were procured by differ-
ent collectors from various stations in Mexico and Central America. Nees
named tlie specie's in honor of Thaddaeus Haenke, a Bohemian botanist,
who, in company with a French botanist, Luis N6e, collected in various
regions from Chile to Mexico during the later part of the eighteenth century.
Shrubs up to 4 meters high stems ; stoutj pubescent to subtomentosej

the hairs sordid, variously curved, the iiiternodes 5 to 7 cm. long, the
lenticels oval to linear, 1 mm. long or less; leaf blades ovate- elliptic
to lanceolate, 5 to 20 cm. long, 2 to 10 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex.
. .
gradually to rather abruptly narrowed and decurrent on the

petiole at base, entire, undulate, the upper surface more or less
Ecabridulous, subnitid. e^labrous to snariiDo^lv nnhpnilnns nr nilnsp
and
veins (12 to 16 pairs) often strigose, the lower surface sparingly to
n sordid
d portion ) 1 cm
and
a. broad, the=e terminal or both terminal and lateral, then forming
narrow terminal spicate thyrse bracts ovate-elliptic, 8 to 15 mm.
;
ng, 4 to 6 mm.
wide, acuminate, sparingly pilosulous without, gla-
•ous within, rather strongly 5-nerved, bearing above the middle 1 to
veral slender marginal teeth up to 1.5 mm. long and, near the middle
'
the dorsal surface, 2 small submarginal glands about 0.5 mm. in
ameter bract let? lanceolate, G to 7 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, slenderly
;
ruminate, dorsally pilosulous, the margins subhyaline calyx lobes ;
[bequal, ovate to lanceolate, the posterior one about 3 mm. wide, the
mm. wide, the anterior pair barelv 2 mm
dorsally; co-
b
about
mm
broad at throat, the lips oblong-ovate, 4.5 to 5 mm. wide, subequal, the
upper one erect, 2-lobed, narrowly triangular, the lobes 3.5 mm. long,
1.5 mm. wide at the base, acuminate, outwardly curved, the
lower lip
spreading, entire, acuminate, the tip curved, or if 3-lobed, the lateral
lobes vestigial, appearing as mere notches near the base of the upper
lip stamens exserted capsules oblong, 15 to 20 mm. long, about 8 mm.
; ;
broad and 3 mm. thick, obtuse at the apex, glabrous, minutely and
brown, orbicular, 4 mm. in diam-
eter, 2 mm. thick, minutely roughened.
Flowering usually from October t stems
and the uppermost leaves of Garci£
when collected.
Partial to wooded or open river banks or adjacent slopes,
usually at
elevations from 130 to 380 metei
meters
Barnga 11727) Southern Mexico to 'northern South America
.
; West
Indies.
BOLfvAB: Vicinity
[US). San Martin de
Loba, Lands of Loba
Sincelejo, Pennell 4057
(NY. uah
BoYACl On the Rio Cusiana,
: San Antonio, Haught 2613 (US)
at
CUNMNAMAHCA Hacienda Paramillo, between Quaduas and Alto
:
Garcia-Barriffa 11727 US ) (
Magdalen a: Aguachica, SchUm 278 (Ki.

Mkta: Efo Casanare, at Esmeralda, Cuatrecasas 3816 (US). Rio Meta, at

La Veiiturosa, Cuatrecasas 4195 (US). Rio Orinoco, at Puerto Carreno, Cuatre-
casas 4046 (US). Sabanas de San Juan de Arama, Idrolo £ Schultes 1223 (US).
Vicinity of Villavicencio, Haught 2501 (US).
Vaup^s: Cerro de Mitu, Cuatrecasas 6878 (US).
Ocun6
Hermann 10973 (US).
ARTMENT
31. Aphelandra anomala Leonard, sp. nov. Figure
minute pubescentibus vel

Suffrutex, caulibus teretibus, in nodis
pilosis; lamina foliorum oblonga, apice acuminata, basi angustata,
in petiolum decurrens, utrinque mollitcr puberula, supra in costa et
venis pilosa; petioli minute strigosi; spica terminalis, solitaria,
bracteis imbricatis, erecto-patulis vel deorsum reflexis, rliache molliter
glanduloso-pilosula ; bracteae grandes, ovatae, tenues, acutae, gland-

uloso-pubescentes ; bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae, striato-nervatae,
molliter glanduloso-pubescentes; calycis segmenta lanceolata, subae-

qualia, tenuiter acuminata, striata, glanduloso-pubescentia corolla ;
fiavida, purpurco-rnaculosa, glanduloso-pubescens, tubo angusto, labio
superiore erecto, oblongo, apice bilobato, labio inferiore patulo, trilo-
bate, lobo medio ovali, subobtuso, labiis lateralibus anguste ellipticis,
parvis, obtusis.
Shrubby stem ; minutely
terete,pubescent or pilosulous at the nodes;
leaves drooping leaf blades
; oblong, up to 17 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide
(flowering stems), acuminate at apex, cuneate and decurrent on the
petiole at base, both surfaces softly puberulous except the costa and
cm
terminal, solitary, up to 16 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. broad, the bracts closely
mbricate, erect-spreading: or tlie lowermost
about 3 cm
the lowermost somewhat smaller, acute, thin, glandular-pubescent,
colored(?), drying to light reddish; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 18
mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base, striate-nerved, soft glandular-pubes-
cent: calvx seirments subequal, lanceolate, the posterior one 4.5 mm
wiue, cue two aiiLeriui tiiiuii o,o inni, ^vivic, i.±xi^ ici,uv.i.<*x v^^w^ ^^ mm
wide, all slenderly acuminate, striate, glandular-pubescent; corolla
a landular
intermixed
length, the tube 4 mm
mm. long
mm. wide, 2-tootlied at apex, the teeth 2 mm
middle lobe oval, about 25 mm
long and 11 mm. wide, obtusish, the lateral lobes narrowly elliptic,
mm
sules not seen.
186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARITTM
Type in the National Herbarium, No. 1041351, collected alonj

U- S.
a quebrada thicket east of Neiva, Department of Huila, Colombia
700 to 1,500 meters altitude, July 31, 1917, by H. H. Rusby and Franci
W. Pennell (No, 470), An isotype is in the herbarium of the Ne^
York Botanical Garden. Holton's collection (K, NY) from Jicara
mata near the Rio Tulua, Department of El ValL 3
is also of this
species.
Figure 63,—Aphdandra anomala Leonard {Rushy & Pennell 470): a. Tip of stem showing
basal portion of spike; b, tip of spike; c, bract; d, pubescence of bract; e, one of the glandular
hairs from the bract; /, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; A, one of the anterior seg-
ments; t, one of the lateral segments; ;, corolla; k, anther, {a, b,
j, Half natural size;
^» /j ^-h natural size; d, about 8 times natural size; e, about 17 times natural size; k,
about 3 times natural size.)
Aphelandra anomala is a unique species easily recognized by its

rather large, thin, glandular-pubescent bracts and thickly purple-
dotted, yellowish corollas.
32. Aphelandra glischrochlamys Leonard, sp. no v. FlGURJC 61
Suffrutex vel frutex, caulibus glabris, subquadrangularibu;

foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuminataj basi angustata. in
;;
I
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA; II 187
decurrens, submembranacea, Integra vel leviter crenata, utrinque

glabra vel subtus in costa et venis lateralibus parce et minute hirtella
petioli breves, crassi, glabri vel parce hirteili ; spicae terminales, soli-
tariae, subsessiles, rhaclie dense glanduloso-pilosa, pilis patulis;
bracteae oblongo-ellipticae, puberulae et glanduloso-pilosae, ciliatae
osae
Hubcoriacea, striata, marginibus subhyalinis, pilosula, pilis glandu-
losis, patulis, apice bractearum longissimis, segmentum posterius
lanceolatum, apice tridentatum, dentibus anguste triangularibus, seg-
menta anteriora et lateralia anguste lanceolata, apice graciliter acumi-

nata; corolla coccinea(?), parce hirtella, pilis glandulosis vel
eglandulosis, bilabiata, labio superiore erecto, ovato, acute, labio in-
gustat
stamina
antheris utrinque acutis, apice flocculosis, filaraentis nnifariam pilosis;
ovarium apice pilosum capsulae ignotae.
;
SufFrutescent
glabrous, subqiiadrangiilar ; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 21 cm.
and decurrent
petiole, submembranaceous, entire or sliallowly crenate, both surfaces
glabrous except the costa and lateral veins of the lower surface, these
mm
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile,
up to 12 cm, long and 25 mm. wide (excluding corollas) the rachis ,
densely glandular-pilose, the hairs spreading, up to 1 mm. long; bracts
oblong-elliptic, 21 mm. wide, puberulous and glandular-

long, 7 mm.
nilose. the minute eerlandular hairs intermixed with slender glandular
mm
lets slenderly acuminate, pilose and ciliate, the hairs gland-tipped and
about 0.5 mm. long, spreading; calyx segments subequal, 18 to 19 mm.
long, subcoriaceous, striate with subhyaline margins, pilosulous, the
hairs spreading, glandular, 0.25 to 0.3 mm. long or those near the tip
up to 1.5 mm. long, the posterior segment lanceolate, 3.25 mm. wide
near base, tridentate at tip, the teeth triangular-subulate, 1.25 to 4 mm.
long, the lateral teeth shorter or longer than the middle one, all about
0.5 mm. wide at base, the posterior and anterior calyx segments nar-
rowly lanceolate, the anterior pair 2 mm. wide near base, the lateral
ones 1.5 mm. wide; corollas 4 to 7 cm. long, red (?), sparingly hir-
tellous, the hairs 0.25 to 0.3 mm. long, some of them gland-tipped,
the tube 3.5 to 4 cm. long, 4.5 mm. broad at base, slightly narrowed
above base, 6 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 1.5 cm.
long and 16 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip spreading, 3-parted, the
lobes obtuse or rounded, narrowed at base, the middle lobe suborbicu-
mm
mm
exceeding the upper lip, the anthers 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide
tly
both ends, webby at tip, curved dorsally, the filaments bearinr

f spreadinfr white hairs about 0.75 mm. loup-. otherwise gla-
brons ovary pilose at tip capsules not seen.
; ;
herbarium of tlie Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, col-

! road to Sonson, Department of Antioquia, Colombia,
J An isotype is also in that herbarium.
Figure t^.—Aphelandra glischrochlamys Leonard {a-h, Triana s.n.; t,

;, Patin s, n.): a, Tip
of plant (the shading on the leaf blade portrays the light
area bordering costa and veins);
b, bract; c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; e, one of the anterior segments;/, marginal
hairs of same; g, tip of same; h, one of the lateral calyi segments; j, tip of corolla; ;,
pubescence of corolla, {a, Half natural size; b-e, h,
twice natural size;/, 18 times natu'raj
size; g, about 7 times natural size; j, natural size;;, 20 times natural size.)
A specimen collected in the Department of Antioquia, May,

1873,
by Commander C. Patin (K) is also of this species. ,
The upper surface of the leaf blades of the type material has dried
to a dull blackish olive with a lighter area bordering
costa and lateral
veins, suggesting that the
upper surfaces of the fresh leaves may have
been purple with costa and veins banded possibly with light
green or
;
yellowish green. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek words
y\lffxpos^ sticky or clammy, and xXa/*^», military cloak (i. e., bract).
33. Aphelandra phlogea Leonard, sp. nov. Figure G5
Frutex, caulibus teretibus, glabris vel sursum parce puberulis;

lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuminata, basi angustata, in peti-
oliim decurrens, Integra, supra subglabra, costa et venis parce hirsutis,
subtus puberulis ; petioli minute puberuli spicae 1 vel plures, spica ter-
;
minalis subsessilis, spicae laterales pedunculatae, bracteis imbricatis,

nuiter et dense albo-pilosa, pilii
glandul olatae, apice acutae vel acumi
albis, rectis, patulis: bracteolai
acuminatae, glanduloso-pilosae calycis segmenta lanceo

;
lata, striato-nervata, glanduloso-puberula ; corolla flam

me a
erecto, elliptico, apiceemarginato, labio inferiore patulo, trilobato,
labio medio ovali, apice rotundato, lobis lateralibus aliquanto parvis,
apice rotundatis; antherae apice cohaerentes, tomentoso-pilosae

ovarium glabrum.
Shrub up to 2 meters high; stems subterete, glabrous, or the upper-
most portions sparingly puberulous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 9 to
cm
and
scattered stout-based
costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs), these sparingly hirsute, the
mm
drying a lighter olive than the upper, puberulous, the hairs borne on
the costa and veins barely 0.5 mm. long, the others much smaller;
petioles (unwinged portion) cm. long, including the winged
1 to 2
portion up to 6 cm. long, finely puberulous spikes 1 to several,
;
terminal
subterminal
cm
white-pilose, some of the hairs gland-tipped terminal spike subsessile.
;
cm
bracts lanceolate, 15 mm. long and 10 mm. wide or the lowermost
much as 3 cm. long and 12 mm. wide, acute to acuminate, densely whi
glandular-pilose, the hairs 0.5 to 2 mm. long, straight and spreadir
bractlets lanceolate, 18 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, acuminate, glandul
pilose; calyx about 17 mm. long, indurated at base, the posterior si
ment 4 mm. wide, the anterior pair 2 mm. wide, and the middle p
mm
cm
moderately pubescent, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the tube 3 cm
mm. broad
mm. at mouth
p erect, elliptic, 17 nun. long, 10 mm. wide, emarginate, tlie notch

3out 1 mm.
deep, the lower lip spreading, the middle lobe oval, about
cm. long and 13 mm. wide, the lateral ones oblong, 1 cm. long and 4
mm 5
rounded stamens slightly exserted beyond
;
) mm, long, slightly webby-pilose and adheri

the
glabrous
Figure 6S—Aphelandra phlogea Leonard {Haught 3944): a, Tip of stem showing base of
inflorescence; 6, tip of spike; c, tip of corolla to show lobes; d, bract; e, pubescence
of
bract; /, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; h, one of the anterior segments; t, one of
the lateral segments; ;, tip of stamen, {a, b, c, Half natural size; d, f~i, natural size;
/, about 12 times natural size;/, 3 times natural size.)
Colom
meters altitude, January 16, 1944, by Oscar Haught
Apheland
two species bear little resemblance to each other. A. phlogea is char-
acterized by its brisrht, flame-colored corollas nnri hv Hs v^fTiPr liirrro
Leonard: the acanthaceae of colombiAj n 191
lanceolate, glandular-pilose bracts. Haught states in a note accom-

panying the type specimen that the flowers are very showy. The name
phlogea (^\6yeos), flame-color, alludes to these brightly colored
corollas.
34. Aphelandra fascinator Linden & Andre
Aphelandra fascinator Linden & Andr6, 111. Hort. 21: 42, pi. I64. 1874. Type
locality: Colombia.
Suffrutescent, glabrous, the branches erect, terete, the young tips
slightly puberulous ; leaf blades large, 15 cm. long or more, 9 cm. wide,
ovate, acute at apex, narrowed at base and decurrent on petiole, entire,
the upper surface olive-green, the region bordering costa and lateral
veins bright silver, the under surface reddish-violet with costa and
borne in simple terminal spikes bracts ovate,
veins dark violet flowers
; ;
acuminate, ciliate, decussate, gi'cenish purple, dorsally lineate; calyx
segments acute, equaling one half the length of the corolla tube;
corolla bright scarlet or cinnabar, the tube 7 to 8 cm. long, the limb
upper erect, carinate, the lower 3-parted, the
5 to 6 cm. broad, the lip
middle lobe ovate-spatulate, the lateral lobes ovate-unguiculate,
spreading stamens included.

;
fascinator but the plate

companying the original description suggests a relationship with A,
aurantiaca. The name fascinator is a Latin word meaning enchanter.
33. Aphelandra alexandri Leonard

Washington Acad. Sci. 25: 438. 1935.
collected
Department
A. E. Lawrauce, No. 601. Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stock-
Isotypes in the
holm. Fragment of type
herbaria of the Kew, Missouri, and New York Botanical Gardens.
Suffrutescent, glabrous, up high

to 1 meter
leaf blades;
elliptic, up to
15 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, acuminate, ending in a blunt point, nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, green,
the costa and lateral veins (9 to 10 pairs) rather prominent; petioles
up to 3 cm. long, winged flowers

; borne in terminal sessile spikes up
to 10 cm. long and 2 cm. broad bracts
; rather closely imbricate, erect or
erect-spreading, brilliant red outside and yellow inside, oblong- elliptic,
up to 18 mm. long and 3 mm. wide at base, and 1 cm. wide at middle,
glabrous, subchartaceous, veiny; bractlets linear-
acute at apex,
subulate, 1 mm. wide at base, striate; calyx segments lanceolate,
mm
;ment oblong, 2.5 mm
1.6 mm. wide) and th(
mm
cm. long, red (?), glabrous except the lips, these mmu
228609 —53 6
;;;
enlarged from 4 mm. at base to 6 mm

mouth, the upper lip erect, about 2 cm. long and 8 mm. wide, acute,
the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, oblong-obovate,
about 2 cm. long, 7 to 8.5 mm. wide near the middle, acute or acutish
at apex stamens slightly exserted, the filaments sparingly, minutely,
;
mm
seen.
A close relationship exists
between Aphelandra dhxandri and A,
lawranceae. However, the bracts and corollas of A. alexandri are
glabrous instead of pubescent as in A. lawranceae. The lower bracts
oiA. alexandri occasionally bear toward tip several definite but minute
teeth.
The following note written by A. E. Lawrance accompanies the type
specimen: "The two colors (brilliant red on the outside and yellow on
the inside of the sepals) make the red appear orange. Outstanding
plant worth propagating. Said to be used as a remedy for worms in
children by boiling flowers in hot water and drinking same." The
species is named for Alexander E. Lawrance.
36. Aphclandra lasiophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Figube 66

Frutex, caulibus teretibus, dense strigosis, pilis brunnescentibus,
arete appressis ; lamina f oliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata,
basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, coriacea, integra vel undulata,
supra glabra vel parce strigosa, subtus dense pilosa vel subtomentosa
petioli breves, crassi, dense pilosi vel subtomentosi, pilis brunnescenti-
bus; spicae terminales, solitariae, subsessiles, bracteis laxe imbricatis,
rhache argenteo-pubescente ; bracteae anguste ovatae, coriaceae,
glabrae, acutae, parce ciliolatae, costa et nervis lateralibus obscuris
bracteolae lanceolatae, attenuatae, acutae, carlnatae, dorso albo-tomen-
tosae, arcis marginalibus angustis, glabris, striatis; calycis segmenta
acuta, coriacea, obscure striata, molliter pubescentia, segmentum pos-
terius oblongo-lanceolatum, anteriora lanceolata, lateralia anguste
lanceolata; corolla (immatura) tenuiter pubescens; ovarium glabrum.
Shrubs stems terete, densely strigose, the hairs light brown, 0.5 mm.
;
long, closely appressed ; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 28 cm. long

and 10 cm. wide, short-acuminate at apex, narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, coriaceous, entire or undulate, the upper sur-
face glabrous or sparingly strigose, the lower surface densely
brown
pilose or subtomentose, the hairs ascending, up to 1 mm. long,
the
costa and lateral veins (about 15 pairs) prominent below, less so above
petioles up to 1.5 cm. long and 3 mm. in diameter, densely brown
pilose
or subtomentose; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, about
13 cm.
long and 1.5 cm. broad, loosely imbricate, the rachis silvery and
finely
mm
acute, coriaceous, glabrous, sparingly ciliolate, the costa
and lateral
nerves obscure; glandular area not apparent; bractlets lanceolate,
2.5 mm. wide near base, attenuate, acute, carinate, dorsally white-
tomentose except a narrow marginal area, this glabrous, subby aline
and striate; calyx 14 mm. long, the segments coriaceous, obscurely

striate, acute, finely pubescent, the posterior segment oblong-lanceolate,
5 mm. wide near base, the anterior pair lanceolate, 3 mm. wide near
mm
(very imm
Antioquia, Colombia): Tip

Figure 66— Jphelandra lasiofhylla Leonard {Triana s. n. a,
bract; d, bractlet; e, posterior calyx

of stem; b, tip of lower leaf blade (lower surface); c,
segment;/, one of the 3

(a, i, Half natural
size; c-g, natural size.)
Type in Herbario Nacional Colombiano, collected in the Department

of Antioqu a, Colombia, 1,300 meters altitude, May, 1852, by
J. Triana (s
lasiophylla has apparently no close affinity to other
Colombian species distingu
densely pilose or subtomentose undersurf aces of the leaf blades and the
solitary terminal spikes with a finely silvery pubescent rachis. The
name lasiophylla is derived from Xaaio?, shaggy, and ^vWov, leaf.
37. Aphelandra conformis Leonard, sp. no v. P^'iguee 67
Herba, caulibus ascendentibus, subquadrangiilaribus, gl abris vel

parce hirtellis, pilis recurvatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, acumi-
nata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata et breviter in petiolum decur-
rens, submembranacea, integra vel leviter crenata, utrinque glabra vel
subtus in costa et venis lateralibus plus minusve strigosa petioli breves,
;
parce strigosi; spicae terminales, solitariae, subsessiles, rhache angu-

lata, minute et parce puberula bracteae rhombeo-ovatae, subacutae,
;
submembranaceae, extus minute puberulae, intus subglabrae, eciliatae

vel apice minute ciliolatae, venis prominentibus, venulis crasse reticu-
latis; bracteolue angustelanceolatae, graciliter acuminatae, subcarina-
tae, striatae, subcoriaceae, apice striatae, minute puberulae calycis seg-
;
menta subaequalia, subcorlacea, minute et obscure puberula, seg-

mentumposterius lanceolatum, acuminatum, apice aliquando dentem
mmutum ferciis, anteriora anguste, lanceolata, graciliter acuminata,
lateralia lineari-lanceolata, graciliter acuminata; corolla aurantiaca,
parce et subtiliter pubescens, bilabiata, labio superiore erecto, ovato,
obtuso vel rotundato, inferiore trilobato, lobis obovatis, rotundatis,
medio niajore; ovarium parce puberulum; capsulae ignotae.
Herbs up 40 cm. high; stems ascending, subquadrangular,
to
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the hairs recurved, up to 0.25 mm.
long; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 10 cm. long and 4 cm. wide,
acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and briefly decur-
rent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or shallowly crenate,
both surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs)
of the lower surface strigose, the hairs about 0.75 mm. long; pet-
ioles up to 1.5 cm. long, sparingly strigose, the hairs
similar to
those of costa and veins; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile,
3 to
8 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad (without corollas), the rhachis
mmu
cm
inently nerved, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the outer
surface
minu margins
eciliate or toAvard tip very minutely ciliolate; bractlets lance-subulate,
mm
gments
mm, long, subcoriaceous, striate (the nerves swollen at base) minutely ,
and inconspicuously puberulous, the posterior segment lanceolate, 2

mm. wide, acuminate, sometimes with a minute tooth near tip,
the
gments
ral segments
acuminate: c
long, sparingly and finely pubescent, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long,
mouth
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAB OF COLOMBIA, II 195
lip erect, ovate, 13 mm. long and 12 mm. îde, obtuse or rounded,
the lo^Ter lip 3-parted, the lobes obovate, rounded, the middle one 15
mm. long and 9 mm. wide, the lateral ones 13 mm. long and 7 mm.
exserted but shorter than the upper lip ovary
wide; stamens slightly ;
sparingly puberulous ; capsules not seen.

lected in damp primeval woods near Viota, Department of Cundina-

marca, Colombia, 1,800 meters altitude, February 18, 1876, by Edouard
Andre Kew
Andre 1658; Triana): a, Tip of plant;

Figure 67 —Aphelandra conjormis Leonard {a-g, h,
^ anterior segments;
posterior segment /,
same; one of the lateral segments; h, tip of corolla, {a, Half natural size; b, k,
tip of g,
natural size; c-ff, g, twice natural size; /, 15 times natural size.)
A Triana specimen (K) collected at Pandi, Department of

Cundinamarca, 1,700 meters altitude, is also of this species.
The specific epithet alludes to its close relationship to the following

species, A. lawranceae.
38. Aphelandra lawranceae Leonard
lawranceae Leonard, Journ. Washington 1935.
Herbarium, No. 1482539, coUected in forest region

Type In the U, S. National
Department of Boyacil, Colombia, 1,650
at Agua Perro on Mount Chap6n,
meters altitude, June 17, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance (No. 244) Named for Mrs. ,
A. E. Lawrance.
196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARnJM
Suffrutescent, up to 1.2 meters high; stems terete, glabrous, more or

less verrncose, the internodes 1.5 to4 cm. long; leaf blades narrowly
oblong-elliptic, up to 17 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, acuminate at apex
(the tip itself blunt), giâdually narrowed from about the middle to
base and decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, both surfaces
glabrous, the lower surface often dark mauve; petioles up to 2 cm.
long; spike terminal (sometimes subtended by a whorl of 4 or 5 pairs
of leaves), sessile, up to 7 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, the rachis puber-
ulous; bracts rather closely imbricate, erect-spreading, oblong-lan-
ceolate, up to 2.5 cm. long and 9 mm. wide (narrowed to 5 mm. at
base), abruptly acuminate to acute at apex, entire, puberulous, ciliate;
bractletsnarrowly lanceolate, up to 9 mm. long and 1.6 mm. wide,
1-ncrved, striate, puberulous, some of the hairs glandular calvx setr- ;
mm
bidentate
pair 1.7 mm. wide, the lateral pair 1.5 mm. wide, all striate and
puberulous toward tip (glandular and eglandular hairs mixe
red, finely pubescent
enlarged from
lip entire, oblong, about 15 mm, long and 6 mm. wide, the lower lip
3-lobed, the lobes subequal or the lateral ones slightly shorter, up to
lobe
filaments about 3.5 cm
minutely pubescent toward base; staminode slender, about 13 mm.
long, pubescent at tip; style puberulous; ovary glabrous below,
pilosulous above.
BoYAcl: Mount Cbap6n, Lawrance 243 (K) 244 (K, US type)
; ; 252 (K, US).
CuNDiNAMARCA Bogotd, Saunders s. n. (K).
:
39. Aphelandra colomblensis Lindau ex Leonard, sp. nov. Figl'RE 68

Suffrutex; caulibus parce ramosis, subteretibus, glabris vel parce
nirteins vei ad nodos aliquanto hirtellis; lamma folionim anguste
oblongo-elliptica,acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, submembranacea, integra vel undulata, utrinque
glabra vel in costa hirt«lla et subtus in venis lateralibus puberula vel
hirtella petioli graciles, plus minusve hirtelli spicae plures, termi-
; ;
nales, subsessiles, confertae, rhache angulata, subtiliter puberula, pilis

patulis ;
bracteae ascendentes, imbricatae, oblongo-lanceolatae, acutae,
srustatae ciliatae, pilis albis,
guste
searmenta
aequalia, subcoriacea, striato-nervata, ciliolata, apice parce puberula,
segmentum posterius lanceolatum, aliquando abrupte acuminatum,
prope apicem aliquando pilos paucos minutos ferens, anteriora et
lateralia anguste lanceolata, graciliter acuminata; corolla coccinea,
J ^
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OP COLOMBIA, II 197
aliquando pubescens, tubo angusto, labio superiore erecto, oblong
ovato, {
reflexis
siibobtusis
hirtellus
Suffnitescent ; to 1.3 meters
stems up high, subterete, glabrous or
moderately hirtellous at the nodes, spar-
very sparingly hirtellous or
branched
acuminate slender, often curved
blunt), narrowed at base and
Lindau Leonard {Lehmann 7440): a, Tip of plant;

Figure S^—ApMandra colomhiensis ex
posterior calyx segment; e, tip of same;/, one of the anterior calyi
b, bract; c, bractlet; d,
k, tip of same, (a, Half natural size; b, natural
segments; g, one of the lateral segments;
size; twice natural size; e, 20 times natural size; h, 16 times natural size.)
c, d,f, g,
membranaceous, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous or nearly

or 10 pairs) these rather
so except the costa and lateral veins (9 ,
mm
beneath
cm
spikes several, terminal, subsessile, crowded, forming a headlike
cm
7
im
mm. long, 8 mm. wide slightly below
bricate, oblong-lanceolate, 30
middle, acute, narrowed toward base, submembranaceous, puberu-
3, the marginal Iiairs up to 0.75 mm

the costa and lateral norvoR har^lv t
slenderly acumi
nate, carinate, stnate-nerved, sparingly puberulous toward tip ; calyx
segments subequal, subcoriaceous, striate-nerved, sparingly puberu-
lous toward tip, the posterior segment lanceolate, rather abruptly
acuminate, sparingly ciliolate at tip, a few of the hairs sometimes
glandular, the anterior and lateral segments narrowly lanceolate,
slenderly acuminate, sparingly ciliolate, the anterior ones 1.5 mm. wide
near base, the lateral ones 1 mm. wide ; corollas dark scarlet, up to 6 cm.
long, rather densely pubescent, the hairs white, more or less curved,
about 0.25 mm. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, 5 5
mm. broad
mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, 2 cm. long, . ....... „,^^ ^,^^,
base, acute, the lower lip 3-parted to base, spreading or reflexed, sub
equal, oblanceolate, about 18 mm.
long and 4 mm. wide, subobtuse. ob
scurely veiny; stamens exserted about 15 mm. beyond the mouth of the
corolla tube, the filaments slender, glabrous, the anthers linear, straight
mm
subobtuse and hairy at tip, the style sparin^.^ ^..v. ...v.., re-
trorsely hirtellous ovary pilose at tip capsules not seen.
; ;

lected in dense bushwood formations on the Altos de Mismis above
Supia, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 1,700 to 2,000 meters altitude,
July 1891, by F. C. Lchmann (No. 7440).
A specimen
of Lehmann's No. 7440 in the Berlin Herbarium bears
in Lindau's handwriting his determination A'phelandra colomhiensis
n. sp. A photograph (No. 8662) of this specimen is in the U. S. Na-
tional Herbarium.
40. Aphelandra boyacensis Leonard, sp. nov. Fiquee 69
Frutex, caulibus sursum strigosis; lamina foliorum obovata, apice
abrupte acuminata, basi angustata, leviter sinuato-dentata vel Integra,
supra glabra vel parce strigosa, subtus dense strigosa, costa et venis
lateralibus prominentibus spica terminalis, subsessilis, oblongo-ovatis,
;
bracteis imbricatis, rhache strigosa ; bractoae oblongo-ellipticae, acutae

vel subobtusae, apiculatae, tenues, virides, pergamentaceae,
glabrae,
costa pubescente excepta; bracteolae lanceolatae, glabrae, tenues,
venosae, apice spina parva terminatae; calycis segmenta lanccolata,
apice acuta vel acuminata, substriata; corolla subgilva, fauce flava,
fragrans, pubescens, labiis aliquanto brevibus, subaequalibus, labio
superiore erecto, bilobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis, apiculatis, labio
inferiore trilobato, lobis ovalibus vel suborbicularibus, obtusis:
* « • 7 7
ariuni
Shrubs meters high, up to 5 cm. in diameter at base, the
1 to 2
branches upwardly strigose; leaf blades obovate, up to 25 cm. long
— ^m 1
-K» ^ -I-
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, U 199
acuminate at tip, narrowed

mm
or sparingly strigose, the lower surface densely strigose, the hairs about
1 mm. long, the costa and the lateral veins (6 to 12 pairs) rather
prominent, more so than above; flowers borne in a subsessile termi-
Figure 69. Aphelandra boyacensis Leonard (Lawrancf 565): Tip of stem; b^ tip of leaf
a^
blade (lower surface); c, bract; i, bractlet; e, posterior calyx segment;/, one of the an-
terior segments; g, one of the lateral segments, (a, h, Half natural size; c-g, natural
aize.)
r r
^
nal oblong-ovate spike about 7 cm. long and 3.5 cm. in diameter, the
rachis sparingly strigose; bracts imbricate, oblong-elliptic, 3.5 cm.
long, 17 or 18 mm. wide (the uppermost smaller), acute or obtusish
(tipped by a point 0.5 mm. long), thin, green, coarsely reticulate
(the meshes open), pergamentaceous, glabrous except the costa, this
sometimes sparingly pubescent; bractlets lanceolate, 2 cm. long, 5 mm.
;
wide, glabrous, thin, veiny, each ending in a minute spine; calyx pale
green, conical, the segments lanceolate, the posterior one about 1& mm.
long and 3.5 mm.
wide, the anterior pair slightly shorter and more
narrowed, the lateral pair 13 mm, long and 3.5 mm. wide, all acute or
acuminate and substriate; corolla pubescent without, about 3 cm, long,
very fragrant, creamish, the throat yellow, the lobes ovate to sub-
orbicular, about 8 mm. long; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.
Type in the herbarium of the Riksmusect, Stockholm, collected in a
deep forest at El Humbo, Department of Boyaca, Columbia, "3,000
ft." altitude, November 7, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance (No. 565). Type
fragments in the U. S. National Herbarium. Isotypes in the herbaria
of the Missouri and the New York Botanical Gardens.
Aplielandra loyacensis has the general appearance of A, prisTrmtica
Nees of Brazil but can be separated by its larger and relatively wider
leaf blades, these densely strigose beneath instead of practically gla-
brous, and by its shorter and broader spike. TheA. pris-
corollas of
matica have a more slender tube than do those of this new species and
are yellow instead of cream and yellow. Named for the Department
from whence the type was procured. Only a fragmentary corolla
could be found for examination on the type specimen, this consisting
practically of lobes only*
41. Aplielandra arisema Leonard, sp, nov. FlGUltE
Herba vel suffrutex ; lamina f oliorum oblongo-lanceolata, acumi-

nata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, sub-
membranacea, Integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra vel subtus parce
puberula; spicae terminales, solitariae (?), subsessiles, rhache angu-
lata, subtiliter puberula, pilis patulis; bracteae ascendentes, imbri-
catae, oblongo-ellipticae, acutae, basi angustatae, puberulae, ciliatae,
nervis prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis ; bracteolae subulatae,
Btriatae, puberulae* calycis segmenta lanceolata, graciliter acuminata,
subchartacea, striata, puberula; corolla ignota; capsulae cylindrico-
clavatae, apice obtusae et apiculatae, minute puberulae; retinacula
recta, apice cucuUata; semina plana, suborbiculata, glabra.
Herb or low shrub; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 30 cm. long
and 6 cm, wide, rather slenderly and somewhat abruptly acuminate
(the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
submembranaceous, entire or undulate, glabrous or the lower surface
sparingly puberulous; spike terminal, subsessile, solitary (?), up to
26 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. broad, the rachis angled, finely puberulous,
the hairs spreading; bracts ascending or nearly erect, rather closely
imbricate, oblong-elliptic, 2.5 cm. long, 8 mm. wide at middle, acute,
narrowed at base, puberulous, ciliate, the marginal hairs about 0.25
mm. long, the nerves rather prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate
bractlets subulate, 5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base, slenderly
1 ^ r. ^ -V
acuminate, striate, puberulous ; calyx 1 cm. long, the

late, slenderly acuminate, subchartaceous the
mm. wide near base, the anterior segments 2 mm
mm. wide near the base
mm. broad
*z\
Figure 70.—Aphelandra aHsema Leonard {Triana s. n., Novita): a. Spike; b, leaf;
c, bract; d, bractlct; <?, posterior calyx segment;/, one of the anterior segments; gy one of
the lateral segments; k, tip of same; t, retinaculum, (a, b. Half natural size; c, natural
size; d'gj twice natural size; h, 10 times natural size; *, 4 times natural size,)
2 mm. thick, obtuse and apiculate at tip, minutely puberulous; retin-

tjabout 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad at bi
seeds brown, flat, suborbicular, 2.5 mm

diameter, glabr
Type in the um of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
f Choco* Novita* Colombia, 170 meters
altitude,March, 1853, by J. Triana. An isotype, badly fragmented, is

in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano.
The lack of corollas on the material examined might possibly be due
to cicistogamy. The type material is in rather poor condition
coi and
consists only of detached leaves and spikes. Nevertheless, the species
seems clearly distinct. Tlie specific epithet is from the Greek
arj'x , meaning very remarkable.
A lighter area bordering the costa of the leaf blades, which is notice-
material, may indicate that, typical of a numb
species of J. mdra of tlie LaQochUmm tvpc, the leaf blades o
eeni
whitish areas following costa and veins,
42. Aphelandra killipii Leonard, sp. nov. Figuke 71
Suffrutex, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum magna, elliptica vel
obovata, apice acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi angustata, in pe-
tiolum decurrens, supra glabra vel costa pilos raros minutos appressos
ferens, minute alveolata, subtus parce et minute pubescens, pilis
appressis, costa et venis aliquanto prominentibus petioli breves, ;
glabri; spica solitaria, triangularis, scssilis, anguste conica, bracteis

arete imbricatis, rhache glabra; bracteae coriaceae, oblongae, apice
rotundatae, mucronatae, obscure striato-nervatae, glabrae, marginibus
hyalinis; bracteolac mimitae, triangulares, graciliter acuminatae,
seOTnenta minuta
turn
subrubra, deorsum glabra, sursum glanduloso-pubesccns, tubo angusto,
labio superiore ovato, apice bilobato, lobis rotunda tis et minute
apiculatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio suborbiculari. lobis
urn
ferontibus; antherae apice cohaerentes, dorso tomentosae; ovarium
glabrum.
Coarse sufFrutesccnt plants up to 80 cm. high stems glabrous leaf ; ;
blades elliptic to obovate, up to 28 cm. long and 14.5 cm. wide, acumi-
nate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed from middle or slightly above
the middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous,
glabrous above or the costa bearing a few appressed hairs about 0.5
mm. long, minutely alveolate, the lower surface sparingly and mi-
nutely pubescent, tlie hairs 0.25 mm. long or less, appressed, the costa
and lateral veins (12 to 14 pairs) conspicuous, more so beneath than
above petioles thick (unwinged portion), up to
; cm. long, glabrous; 1
spike solitary, terminal, sessile, slenderly conic, about 10 cm. long,
2 cm. broad near base, the bracts appressed, the rachis glabrous; bracts
coriaceous, oblong, 3 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide slightly above the
middle, roundjed and minutely mucronate at apex (the margins hy-
aline) , apparently striate-nerved (the meshes of the reticulations com-
pressed), glabrous; bractlets minute, triangular, 2 mm. long, about

1 mm. wide at base, slenderly acuminate, 3-nerved, subhyaline calyx ;
segments about 0.75 mm. long, the posterior segment apparently

bidentate, the others triangular-subulate, glabrous; corolla reddish,
glabrous proximally, glandular-pubescent distally, the hairs barely
Figure 71.— Aphdandra Leonard {Killip

killipii 35374): a. Tip of stem; h, upper surface
of a portion of leaf blade to show markings (appearing alveolar under weak magnifica-
tion); c, bract; d, bractlet; e, calyx segments; /, corolla; g, middle lobe of lower lip; h,
lateral lobe, [a, }, Half natural size; h, about 10 times natural size; c, g, h, natural size;
d, e, about one and a half times natural size.)
0.25 mm. long, the tube slender, the throat about 4 mm. broad, the
upper about
lip ovate, 4 mm. wide, bilobed at apex, the lobes rounded,
about 1.5 mm. long, minutely apiculate, the middle lobe of the lower
lip suborbicular, about 5 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, the lateral lobes
oblong, about 6 mm. long and barely 3 mm. wide, obtuse, these and
the lobes of the upper lip bearing a tuft of several minute hairs;
stamens slightly exserted beyond the throat of the corolla, the anthers
;
barely 3 mm. long, adhering by the webby, dorsally borne hairs, these
about 1 mm. long ovary glabrous capsules not seen.
; ;
Type in the XJ. S. National

Herbarium, No, 1772091, collected in
second gi'owth forest at Andagoya, Department of Choco, Colombia,
70 to 100 meters altitude, April 27, 1939, by E. P. Killip (No. 35374).
If compared with Aphelandra dolichantJm, a related Colombian
pecies, A. kilUpii can be recognized by its reddish flowers, glabrous
stems, and obtuse bracts. The corolla of A. dolichantha is white or
cream, the stem pubescent, at least toward tip, and the bracts acu-
minate.
43. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 72

SufFrutex, caulibus deorsum glabris, sursum retrorso-strigosis, pilis
lorum
bas
subcoriacea, supra glabra vel parce strigosa, subtus mediocriter vel
dense strigosa petioli strigosi spica solitaria, terminalis, conica vel
;
;
cylindrica, bracteis aliquanto laxe appressis, rhache strigosa; bracteae

oblongo-ellipticae, apice subobtusae et apiculatae, striato-venosae, sur-
deorsum
tenues
oblon
labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio ovali, rotundato, lobis lateralibus
lanceolatis, obtusis; ovarium glabrum.
Suffrutescent herbs up to 40 cm. high
stems glabrous below, the
;
upper portions rather densely and retrorselv striirose, the hairs about
brownish
narrowed f
undulate »r
surface green, glabrous or sparingly strigose, the hairs about 0.5 mm.
long, the lower surface pale ashy, more densely strigose than
above,
the costa and veins (10 to 12 pairs) rather prominent; petioles (un-
winged portion ) about 1 cm. long, retrorsely strigose like the stems
spike solitary, terminal, about 12 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, the bracts
rather loosely appressed, the rachis strigose; bracts oblong-elliptic,
3 cm. long, 14.5 mm. wide, obtusish and minutely apiculate at apex,
apparently closely striate- veined (the meshes of the reticulations com-
pressed), opaque, bordered by a narrow subhyaline margin
about O.n
mm. wide, the lower half of the bract strigose, the hairs 0.75 mm. long,
the upper half glabrous bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 6
;
mm. long,
about 1 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed into a slender tip,
thin,'
sparingly strigose dorsally calyx segments minute, triangular,
;
about
0,75 mm. long and broad, acuminate, thin, subhyaline ; corolla cream
about 3 cm. long, densely
mm. broad at base, 5 mm
— T ^ -fc" - y"
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ II 205
broad at mouthy the about equal, the upper lip oblong, about
lips
mm. wide, 2-lobed at tip, the lobes rounded, the middle lobe of tl
lower lip oval, about 9 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, rounded, the later
lobes lanceolate, 8 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide at middle, blunt at ti
stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla and probably slightly e
serted; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.
Aphelandra cuatrecasasii Leonard [Cuatrecasas 16705): a. Tip of stem; b,

Figure 72.
microscopic view of upper leaf surface (appearing alveolate under lens); f, lower node
8 howing part of leaf blade (lower surface); d, bract; e, bractlet;/, corolla limb; g, posterior
calyx lobe; A, anterior and lateral lobes, {a, c, Half natural size; h, about 28 times natural
Size; J-/, natural size; g, A, about three times natural size.)
U, S. National Herbarium, No, 1852501, collected at La

Valle, Colombia
meters
(No. 16705). Killip's No. 34938 (US)
April
species
Aphelandra cuatrecasasii^ like A. hilUpii^ is related to A. doli
chantha^ but differs by its obtusish bracts* cream
cuatrecasasii serve to distin
it from A. killipii, reddish corollas and triangul

bractlets.
The following field note accompanies the type : "Sufrutex, 30^0
br^cteas
verdoso amarillento palidas ; corola bianco crema."
44. Aphelandra dolichantha Donn. Smith

Aphelandra dolichantha Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 27: 438. 1899. Type collected
at Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, Costa Rica, 300 meters altitude, Febru-
ary 1890, by John Donnell Smith, No. 6G89. Type in the U. S. National
Herbarium, No. 1320095. The speciflc name is derived from two Greek
words, 5oXtxi5s, long, and ivdo^, flower.
Shrubs or suff rutescent herbs up

meters high ; stems glabrous,
to 1 .2
or pubescent toward tip, the hairs brownish, about 0.5 mm. long,
retrorsely appressed leaf blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, up to 22
;
cm. long and 12 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate at apex (the tip
itself blunt), narrowed and decurrent on the petiole, per-
at base
gamentaceous, lustrous, entire, the upper surface minutely alveolar,
drying dark green, glabrous or bearing a few scattered appressed hairs
less than 0.5 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (usually
to 8 to 14
pairs) plane or slightly elevated, less prominent than on the lower
surface, this drying light green or olive, subglabrous to finely strigose,
the hairs mostly less than 0.5 mm. long, evenly distributed or confined
c hiefly to costa and basal portions of the
lateral veins, retrorsely ap-
pressed; petioles up to 3 cm. long, the pubescence similar to that of
the stem; spikes terminal, cylindric, solitary or occasionally in 3's, up
to 12 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, the rachis angular, pilose or sub-
glabrous, the hairs fine, up to 1.5 mm. long, upwardly appressed to
spreading; bracts closely imbricate or spreading with age, ovate-
lanceolate, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 1.3 cm. wide, acuminate, green, multi-
nerved (the meshes of the reticulations compressed) glabrous or more
,
or less appressed-pilose, the margins subhyaline but not well

defined,
minutely ciliolate; bractlets linear-subulate, 10 mm. long, 1 mm. wide
at base, carinate, striate-nerved, sparingly pilose and
minutely puberu-
lous, the smaller hairs gland-tipped; calyx minute,
the segments
subulate to lance^subulate, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, less than
0.5 mm. wide at
base, tlie pubescence similar to that of the bractlets;
corolla white or
pale cream, glandular-pubescent except the lobes, these glabrous,
the
tube slender, up to 6 cm. long but barely 2 mm. broad, the throat short
and but slightly ampliate, about 4 mm. broad, the posterior lip oblong,
13 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, 2-lobed, the lobes about 3 nun. long and 2.5
mm. wide, rounded, the middle lobe of the lower lip oblong-elliptic,
18 to 20 mm. long, 6 to 7 mm. wide, the lateral lobes linear-oblong, 15
to 17 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, all rounded at apex
stamens included,
;
the filaments about 6 mm. long, affixed at the base

of the throat, the
anthers 3 mm. long, apiculate, adhering beard disc

by acupu-
lateral ;
liform style included

; capsules narrowly
; clavate, about 15 mm. long
minutely punctate; seed flattened,
and 3 mm. broad, glabrous,
barely 1 mm
brown
Aphelaiidra
slender
minute Smith in his description of
type evidently mistook the bractlets for calyx lobes ("segmenta

mm and failed to find the minute calyx alto-
gether. The vernacular name in the Choco is "Babosa" {Archer
2003).
Colombia
125 meters '6 from Colomb
Guatemala
Choc6: La Concepcion, 15 km. east of Quibcl6, Arclier 2003 (US).
El Valle: C6rdoba, Killip d Hernando Garcia-Barriga 33444 (US). Along
the Efo Calima, near Cordoba, Killip 11788 (US). Rio Digua Valley, between
La Elsa and Rio Blanco, Killip 34738 (US).
45. Aphelandra craura Leonard, sp. nov. Ftguee 73
Suffrutex erectus, f ragilis, caulibus retrorse lamina

strigosis ;
foliorum obovata vel elliptica, apice rotundata vel subacuminata, basi

angustata, in petiolum decurrens, subchartacea, undulata, supra parce
strigosa, pilis minutis, subtus dense et molliter strigosa, pilis sub-
brunneis minutis, costa et venis aliquanto prominentibus petioli ;
breves, dense et minute strigosi; spicae solitariae vel plures fascicu-

minusve
deorsum
minute
integr
dentem parvum ferentes, glabrae vel parce ciliolatae, trinervatae,
subhyalinae ; segmenta
calycis ovata vel triangularia, apice acuminata
vel rotundata et minute apiculata corolla subpurpurea,
;
tubo angus-
tato, pubescente, pilis brunneis sursum appressis, labio superior©
erecto
ovato
latis, obtusis.
stems
trorsely strigose, at least above; leaf blades obovate to elliptic, rounded
from mi
base and decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous, undulate, the upper
surface sparingly strigose, the hairs about 425 fi long, the lower surface
densely & the ,
costa thick, the lateral veins (about 10 pairs) more or less prominent;
228609—53 7
—

-^r*
petioles ged about 5 mm. long, densely strigose;

spikes solitary or several, terminal, ovate, sessile, subtended by ;
small lanceolate bractlike leaves up to 27 mm. long and 6 mm

these acute at apex, the rachis more or less cflabrous : bracts (
to 3 cm
and minutely pilose toward base, subchartaceous
veined, tlie meshes of the reticulations narrow:
Figure Aphelandra craura Leonard {Haught 5337): c, Tip of stem; h, bract; f, bract-
73.
let; d, calyx segments, {a, Half natural size; b, natural size; c, about one and a half
times natural size; d, about 4 times natural size.)
mm
entire or occasionally bearing a small tooth toward tip, glabrous or
bearing a few marginal hairs about 0.5 mm. long, 3-nerved, sub-
hyaline; calyx segments minute, ovate to triangular, about 0.5 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide, short-acuminate or rounded and minutely apicu-
late; corolla purplish, about 3 cm. long, pubescent except the glabrous
basal portion, the hairs upwardly appresscd, about 0.5 mm. lonff.
brownish, the tube slender, the upper lip erect, oblong, 7 mm. long
(flower immature) and 4 mm. wide, bilobed at apex, the lobes ovate,
ahniit, 9. mm. lonff and 1.5 mm. wide at base, subacute, the middle lobe
cm
nmfi
and
highway near ColombiaValle,
meters or less altitude, December 8, 1946, by Oscar Haughl
5337). F, 0. Lehmann s. n. (K), from the same general local
also of this species. The label on the Kew sheet bears the foil
note "Stengel
: bis 1 m. hoch, fingerdick. Blatter fast fleischig matt
griin. Bliithen rothlich-gelbeweiss."
A close relationship exists between ApheJandra craura and A
chantha, Afhelandra craura^ however, has purplish corollas i]
faces
almost from Kpavpoz, meanin
brittle, in allusion to the succulent, brittle stems.
46. Aphelandra pilosa Leonard, sp. nov. Figukk 74
Frutex parce ramosus,

gracilis, erectus vel ascendens, caulibus
sursum subquadrangularibus, dense pilosis, pilis plus minusve patulis,
brunnescentibus vel albidis, deorsum teretibus, glabratis; lenticellae
minutae lamina; f oliorum oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica vel late ob-
lanceolata, apice plus minusve acuminata (apice ipso saepe curvato),

basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, subcoriacea, Integra vel undu-
lata, supra parce hirsuta, costa et venis lateralibus dense hirsutis, pilis
brunneis, ascendentibus, subtus aliquanto dense hirsuta, pilis patulis
vel ascendentibus petioli breves, dense pilosi ; spicae solitariae vel

;
plures fasciculatae vel paniculas laxas formantes, rhache albo-tomen-

tosa; bracteae imbricatae, rhombeo-ovatae, acuminatae, minute pu-
berulae vel glabratae, deorsum minute pubescentes vel pilosae, cori-
costa et venis prominentibus ocelli (3-6) elliptici,

aceae, ciliatae, ;
f usco-lucentes, contigui vel aliquando coalescentes ; bracteolae lanceo-
latae, carinatae, striato-nervatae, carina dense albo-pilosa; calycis
segmenta striato-nervata, puberula, apice acuta vel subobtusa et
segmentum posterius anguste ovatum, segmenta

apiculata, ciliolata,
anteriora lanceolata, segmenta media lineari-lanceolata corolla ;
angusta, rubra, minute puberula, labio posteriore erecto, bilobato,
lobis lanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo

medio patulo, anguste elliptico, acuto, lobis lateralibus parvis, apice
basi connatis; stamina
theris dorso pilosis.
meters
stems erect or ascending (sometimes tortuous)
rate and densely pilose toward tip, the hairs light brown or whitish,
up to 2 ram. long, spreading, descending, or appressed, the lower
portions of the stem terete, gray, glabrate, the lenticels minute and
corky leaf blades oblong to oblong-elliptic or broadly oblanceolate,
;
the uppermost 16 to 30 cm. long and 5 to 10 cm. wide, the lowermost

as much as 45 cm. longand 16.5 cm. wide, all more or less abruptly
acuminate (the apex often more or less curved), gradually narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate,
the upper surface drying olive or brownish, glabrate or sparingly
hirsute, the costa and lateral veins densely so, the hairs light brown,
appressed or ascending, 0.5 to 1 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins
(14 to 20 pairs) flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous, the lower sur-
face drying light olive-green, more densely julose than above, the
hairs 0.5 to 1.5 mm. long, appressed, ascending, or spreading, the
venation rather prominent petioles up to 1.5 or occasionally 2 cm.
;
long, the pubescence similar to that of the stem spikes solitary or, if
;
several, fascicled, or often forming a loose panicle (the terminal spike

bsessile
peduncles
bracts
mm. long, 6 to 6.5 mm. wide at 1.5 mm. above base, acute, minutely
puberulous or glabrate, pubescent or pilose toward base, coriaceous,
ciliate, the costa and several pairs of nerves on either side
prominent
below the middle of the bract, the ocelli 3 to 6, elliptic, about 1 mm.
long and 0.75 mm. wide, flat, varnished, variously grouped, contiguous
or sometimes fused; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide,
carinate, the keel densely white-pilose, the hairs very fine, about 0.6
mm. long, ascending, striate-nerved, the nerves curved at base, the
margins thin ; calyx 8 to 8.5 mm. long, the posterior segment narrowly
mm the anterior pair lanceolate, 2 mm.
5
wide, the lateral pair linear-lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, these obtusish
and apiculate, the others acute, all minutely puberulous, ciliate toward
tip and striate-nerved, the nerves indurate at base; corolla red, mi-
nutely puberulous, 6.5 cm. long from base to tip of upper lip, the
tube
3 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 2 mm. at 7 mm. above base, thence
gradually enlarged to a slightly curved cylindric throat about G
mm.
broad, the upper lip erect, 2 cm. long, 7 mm. wide at base of
lobes,
these lanceolate, 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate,
the
middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, narrowly elliptic, 2.5 cm. long,
slightly more than 6 mm. wide, acute, the lateral lobes adnate
in part
to theupper lip, their free portions 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide,
rounded at tip; stamens exserted about 15 mm. beyond the mouth of
the corolla tube, the anthers 6 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, the basal lobes
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA,. II 211
minutely apiculate, the cells dorsully pilose ;

pistils glabrous; capsules
not seen.
U. S
\'
woods and thickets of Zurubi, Caiio Cuduyari, Comlsaria of
October J 5
7223)
Leonard {Cuairecasas lllT): Tip of plant, showing lower

Figure 1\.—Aphdandra pilosa a,
part of inflorescence; h, tip of leaf blade (upper surface); c, branch of inflorescence; d,
posterior calyx segment; one of the anterior segments; h, one of the

bract; e, bractlet;/, g,
lateral segments; », tip of corolla; /, pubescence of the corolla, {a-c. Half natural size;
d'K twice natural size; t, natural size; ;, about 20 limes natural size.)
BoYACA In warmer valleys, Dawe 900 (K).

:
nAouETA: Woods at Sucre, 1,000 to 1,300 meters altitude, April 4, 1940,
Cuairecasas Q0d2 (US).

Meta Woods
: of Cauo Quenane, January 25,
(US). About 12 km. southeast of Villavicencio, 400

1939, Hawi;7i* 2536 (US).
PUTUMAYo: Wet woods along Rfo Putumayo at Puerto Ospina, 230 meters
altitude, November 14, 1940, Cuatrecasas 10562 (US), Puerto Porvenir, above
Puerto November
Ospina, 230 to 250 meters, 19, 1940, Cuatrecasas 10656 (US).
Vaup^s: Mesa La Llndosa. Idroho d Schultes 631 (U«) Rio Guaviare at ;
;
240
(US).
Aphelcmdra pilosa resembles, in most respects, A. pulcherrima but

unlike that species has a dense, more or less
it spreading pubescence
covering the upper portions of the stems and underside of the leaf
blades, the hairs being up to 2 mm. long, instead of about 1 mm., as in
A. pulcherrima. The name pilosa^ hairy, alludes to this characteristic
pubescence.
47. Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacq.) H, B. K.
JusUeia pulcherrima Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 11. 1762: Stirp. Amer. 6, pi. 2,
tiff. 4- 1763. Type locality: "Habitat frequens Carthagenae in sylvaticus
inontis de la Popa." The illustration consists of a leaf and a corolla.
Pulcherrima (very beautiful) alludes, no doubt, to the general aspect of the
entire plant.
Aphcla7idra pulcherrima H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 226. 1817. Based on
Justicia pulcherrima Jacq. Humboldt cites two collections, one from a
shady place near Turbaco and the other from the mouth of the Rio Sinfl, both
in Colombia. Photograph of the Turbaco plant in the U. S. National Her-
barium (Field Mus. photograph No. 8713).
Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs up to 3 meters hie^h stems erect, snar-

:
branched toward tip, pubescent to

tomentose, the hairs about 0,5 mm. long, ....„.^._ „..^ ...^.^ „. .^^^
spreading or variously curved, whitish, the lower portions of the stems
terete, light grayish green, sparingly pubescent to glabrate, the lenti-
cels scattered, elliptic, 0.5 to 1
^ ^ 4A ^ ^ L
mm. long, corky ; leaf blades ovate to
g, 3.5 to 10 cm. wide, short-acuminate
and minu
base and decurrent on the petiole, entire, undulate or shallowly crenate,
drying
subappressed
pairs) 3 to 14 mm
raised, the lower surface drying to light green or gi^
mm
nearly straight, the pubescence usually denser on costa and veins, these
prominent, the veinlets finely reticulate petioles about 5 mm. long,
;
the pubescence similar to that of the costa spikes solitary or several

;
in a fascicle, quadrangular, terminal, subsessile, up to 10

cm. long
and 8 mm. broad, the rachis white-cottony-tomentose bracts ;
rhombic-ovate, 6 to 7 mm. long, 4.5 to 5 mm. wide at middle, 2 to 3

mm
beconiing white-pilose toward base, ventrally glabrous except toward
margins, here finely pubescent, obscurely striate-nerved, the costa and
a pair of lateral nerves prominent, reticulately veined toward margin
ocelli solitary, in twos, or
sometimes several, distinct or more or less
fused, conspicuous, orbicular to elliptic, 0.5 to 1 mm. lorn?, about 0.7.^
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, TL 213
mm. wide, dark brown or blackish, nitid ; bractlets lanceolate, 7 mm.

2 mm. wide near base, acute at apes, falcate, obliquely
long, about
glabrous within, finely striate-
subcarinate, puberulous without,
^, .. ram
about
wide
pair narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm, wide )
nerved
bri
mm
gradu
month
and 4 mm. wide, slenderly
3-lobed, erect or spreading with age, the
acuminate, the lower lip
middle lobe linear-oblong, 24 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, abruptly
acuminate, the lateral lobes about 3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, ob-
tusish, stamens
adnate in part to the upper exserted
lip about
; 7 mm.
tube; ovary and style glabrous;
beyond the mouth of the corolla
capsules oblong, obtuse at apex, glabrous.
Vehnacular names Picigallo: {Elias 860) Cresta de Gallo (Eliof
,
705), Pie de Gallo {Bro. Heriherto 415), Pisigallo {Dugand & Java-
millo 4053) , Titirigallo (Dugand & JaramiUo 4053).

damp
gions under 900 meters. Mexico to
South America and in a few West

AtiJ-ntico EarranquUla,
Bro. Blias 440 (US). Los Pendalea, Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2549 (US) ;
Dugand & JaramiUo 2701 (US). Luvmco, Bro. Apolinar Angel 491 (US). PioJ<5,
Bro. Elias 705 (US). Puerto Colombia, Bro. Elias

vicinity of Barranquilla,
Usiacurl Araque & Barkley
860 (US). Tubard, Dugand & JaramiUo 4053 (US).
19At.081 (US) Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2273 (US).
;
(NY, Papayal, vicinity of

BoLfvAE: Arjona, Killip & Smith 14516 US). Cafio
Cartagena, BillUrg n., Dec. 1825
Bstrella, Lands of Loba, Curran 321 (US). s.
(S) ;Billberg, s. n., 1826 (S) Bro.

;
Heriherto 268 (US). Castillo La Popa,
vicinity of Cartagena, Araque & Barkley 19Bo.033 (US). La Popa, Billherg
Monteria, Bechara, Araque & Barkley 19Bo.218 (US).

s. n., Dec. 1825 (S).
Sahagun, Pennell 4108 (NY). Turbaco, Bro. Herilerto 415 (NY, US) Killip
;
&
Smith li^lO (NY, US).
CuNDiNAMARCA Casas Viejas, Triana s. n., 1851-1857 (NY).
:
Maqdalena: Codazzi, Haught 3759 (US). Poponte, Cyril Allen 845 (Mo).
Meta: Villavicencio, Triana s. n. (US).
& Smith 20931 (NY, US). Rio
NoETE DE Santandee: La Esmeralda, Killip
Zulia, Araque-Molina, Otdlora & Barkley 18NS.066 (US).
Aphelandra schieferae Leonard, sp. nov. FlQUKE

48.
Frutex, caulibus sursum dense cinereo-pubescentibus vel subto-
mentosis, pilis sursum appressis vel ascendentibus lamina foliorum ;
oblanceolata, apice acuta, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, ere-
nata, supra parce hirtella, costa et venis lateralibus dense hirtellis,

brunnescentibus, appressis vel ascendentibus, subtus dense

molliter
paniculae magnae, laxae, frondosae, spicis saepe pluribus, parvis, axe
et pedunculis tomentosis, rhache argenteo-tomentosa bracteae vivae ;
coccineae, siccaebrunneae, triangulo-ovatae, subcarinatae, aciitae,

minute puberulae, ciliolatae; ocelli plurumque
obscure
sub
minute
pilosa
formis, minute puTêrula, pilis conicis, labio superiore anguste ovato,
apice bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acuminatis, labio inferiore tri-
lobato, lobo medio lanceolato, acuminato, lobis lateralibus parvis,
cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris dorso
pilosis;ovarium glabrum.
Shrubs about 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular, thick (up to
8 mm. in diameter at base of inflorescence), the upper portions densely
pubescent appressed
ascending, about 0.5 mm. long lenticels light brown, corky
;
orbicular
up to 36 cm. long and 10 cm. wide (slightly above the middle), acute
decurrent
on the petiole, the margins crenate, the upper surface drying
dark
green (about 21 pairs) densely
Jllous, the hnirs brownish, appressed or ascending, 0.25 to 0.5 mm
', the surface between the veins sparingly and
inconspicuously
hirtellous, the lower surface drying a light grayish olive-green, densely
and
and veins
terminal
loose, leafy panicle up to 27 cm. long and 17 to 20 cm. broad, the
cm
mm
silvery tomentose, except the glabrous region
adjacent to the posterior
calyx segment; bracts bright scarlet, drying brown,
triangular-ovate,
subcarinate, 8 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide at 2 mm. above base, thence
gradually narrowed to a slender tip, coriaceous, coarsely
striate,
minutely puberulous, the margins ciliolate, the hairs
up to 0.5 mm.'
long; ocelli occurring usually in pairs, elliptic,
1 mm. long and 1.75
mm. wide, brown, nitid, indistinctly alveolate; bractlets lanceolate,
carinate, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at 2.5 mm. above
base, thence grad-
ually narrowed to a slender tip, the keel
densely silvery pilose, the
hairs ascending, about 0.5 mm. long, the region
adjacent to the keel
puberulous, the marsrinal area subhvalinf" nnrl D-lnV.rnno fi.^ r««^„;«^
sparingly ciliolate ; calyx 7 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, finely

striate-nerved, minutely and inconspicuously puberulous, tipped by a
tuft of hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the posterior segment 2.25 mm.
Figure 75.— Aphtlandra schUjerae Leonard {Schiejer 791): a. Node from inflorescence;
h, bract; c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; e,one of the anterior segments; /, one of
the lateral segments; g, corolla; A, pubescence of the corolla, (a, g, Half natural size;
b-f, twice natural size; A, about 40 times natural size.)
mm. wide, the lateral pair 1 mm

narrowed from
bright scarlet, 5 cm. long upper lip, finely puberu-
from base to tip of
lous. the hairs conical, the tube 4 mm. broad near base, narrowed to
1.5 mm. at 7 mm. above base, thence mm. near mouth, the
enlarged to 7
upper lip narrowly ovate, 21 mm. long and 6 mm. wide at middle,
tipped by 2 triangular acuminate lobes about 3 mm. long and 1.5
mm. wide at base, the middle lobe of the lower lip lanceolate, 22
mm. long, 5 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate, the lateral lobes adnate to
the lower part of the upper lip, their free portions small, about 1
mm. long; stamens slightly exserted beyond the mouth of the corolla
tube, the anthers 6 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, retrorsely pilose dor-
sally ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
;
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in deep woods on hill back of

Tres Esquinas Mill, Villavicencio, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia,
July 12, 1945, by Helen Schief er ( No. 791) Fragment of type in the
.
U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1934948. A Triana collection, without

number (Col, NY), from Servita, vicinity of Villavicencio, 300 to 900
meters altitude, December 1855, is also of this species.
If compared with any of the numerous segregates of A'phelaTidra
pulcherrlma, A. schief erae is conspicuous because of the large, oblan-
ceolate, crenate leaves of the inflorescence, these softly pubescent be-
neath; the large, subtomentose inflorescence; the silvery,
silky,
tomentose rachis; and the triangular, sharply pointed bracts, orna-
mented with two pairs of rather large nitid elliptic ocelli.
49. Aphelandra parvispica Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 76
Frutex vel arbor parva, caulibus porrectis, teretibus, glabris vel
sursum parce strigosis lamina f oliorum oblonga vel oblongo-lanceo-
;
lata, reflexa, acuminata (apice ipso plus minusve curvato), basi an-
erustata, membranacea. inteera. sunra glabra vel costa et vfinis laterali-
minute striii-osis, subtus glabra vel parce et minute
ae
terminales, spicis parvis, pedunculis parce et minute strigosis vel pe-
dunculis ultimis dense hirsutis, pilis parvis, plus minusve patulis,
rhache flocculoso-tomentosa, pilis albis bracteae vivae rubrae, siccae
;
rubro-brunncae, rhombico-ovatae, acutae vel subacutae, basi floccu-

loso-tomentosae, pilis albis, alibi subglabrae, vel infimae dorso strigo-
sae, marginibus ciliolatis ; ocelli 1 vel plures vel aliquando 0, minuti,
elliptici,brunnci, nitidi; bracteolae rubro-brunneae (siccae), lanceo-
latae, acuminatae, carinatae, striato-nervatae, ciliolatae, carina albo-
tomentos
atum
lateralia anguste lanceolata; corolla rubra, papillosa, tubo leviter
curvato et subventricoso, labio superiore erecto, anguste ovato, apice
bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acuminatis, apice curvatis, labio inferi-
ore trilobato, lobo medio patulo, lanceolato, apice acuminato, recur-
vato, lobis lateralibus obtusis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; sta-
mina vix exserta ovarium glabrum.
:
Shrub or small tree; branches sprawling, terete, glabrous or the
tips sparingly strigose, the hairs closely appressed, sordid, less than
mm
tered, corky, about 1 mm. long, inconspicuous; leaves reflexed, the
blades oblong to lance-oblong, 7 to 19 cm. long, 1.8 to 5 cm. wide, acumi-
nate, the tip more or less curved, cuneate at base, membranaceous to
subcoriaceous, entire, the upper surface drying brown or olive-green,
essentially dabrous, a few small subappressed hairs sometimes found

part
lower surface drying
sed, inconspicuous, the
what lighter shade than the upper, glabrous or very sparingly stri-
gose, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins, these rather
prominent; petioles rather slender, up to 1 cm. long, glabrous or

sDarinirlv and minutely striijose : flowers borne in terminal panicles
mm
broad
minutely stritrose, or the ultimate
more
brown
mm. long:, 4 to 5 mm
tomentose at base
hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the ma
and nerves prominent below mi
PS lacking?, minute, elliptic, up i
mm
mm. lonir, 1 to 2 mm. wide
mm
gment narrowly ovate, 2.5 to 3.5 mm
anterior pair lanceolate, 1.5 to about 2 mm. wide, the lateral pair nar-
rowly lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, all obtuse to obtusish (the lateral
pair apiculate), glabrous, ciliolate toward apex, striate-nerved co- ;
cm. lone: from

minute
mm
mm, at mouth
lobed
angular, 3.5 mm. long, about 2 mm.
wide, acuminate, the tip curved,
the middle lobe of the lower lip lanceolate, spreading, acuminate, the
slender tip recurved, the lateral lobes adnate to the basal part of the
y U.o mm. long; st
mm. loner, 0.5 mm

minutely apiculate at base; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
U. S. National Herbai
ermoso and Rio Negro
218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARroM
vicinity of Sarare, Department of Norte de Santander, 1,200 to 1,500

meters altitude, November 8, 1941, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 12883).
Cuatrecasas, Sclniltes, & E. Smith's No. 12516 (Col, US, fragment No.
63419) collected in woods between El Alto del Loro and Alto de Santa
,
Ines, vicinity of Sarare, 1,800 to 2,200 meters altitude. October 18 to

species
'yhelaTidra parvispica another species of the A. pulchernma
is
com >lex. Its outstanding characters are its rather small, almost
glabrous, reflexed leaf blades, its panicles of relatively small spikes,
and its minute, inconspicuous ocelli. Its nearest relative is, perhaps,
A. macro'Dhvlla.
Figure 16.—Aphelandra parvtspica Leonard {Cuatrecasas 12883): a, Tip of branch; b,

bract; c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; one of the anterior segments; /, one of
e,
the lateral segments; g, corolla; k, pubescence of corolla; i, stamen, (a, g, Half natural
size; h-f, twice natural size; k, about 30 times natural size; i,
natural size.)
50. Aphelandra mildbraediana Leonard, sp. nov. Fiqum: 77

sursum
strigosis lamina
ica
velacuminata (apice ipso obtuso et saepe curvato), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, subcoriacea, integra vel leviter crenata, supra
VI n minute
aliquanto strigosa petioli breves spicae solitariae vel subinde breves,
; ;
3,
rhom
bico-ovatae, acutae vel obtusae, basi albo-flocculosae, sursum glabrae
ciliatae; ocelli 1-3, elliptici, nitidi, fusco-

vel tenuiter pubescentes,
lanceolatae, subfalcatae, striato-nervatae,
lucenti; bracteolae oblique
carinatae, carina dorso dense albo-pubescente, marginibus glabris;
acuta, striato-nervata, tenuiter pube-

calycis segmenta oblongo-ovata,
rubra, minute papillosa, labio superiore
scentia vel glabrata corolla ;
i. — r,^^^Tr«+r^ o T^; /.Q KH r.v.a f n lnhi=; f rin.Tifrnlo-ovatis. acuminatis.

lobo
subcucullato), lobis lateralibus brevibus, tri-
(apice ipso apiculato et
angulo-ovatis, cum labio superiore basi connatis stamina vix exserta, ;
antheris dorso tomentosis ovarium ; glabrum.

meters high stems erect or ascending,
Shrubs or small trees up to 3 ;
densely strigose, the hairs whitish, straight,

the tips quadrangular,
of the stems terete, glabrous,
about 0.25 mm. long, the older portions
orbicular, corky leaf blades oblong-elliptic
gray, the lenticels minute, ;
8 to 13 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide,

to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
acute to acuminate, the tip blunt and often curved, gradually narrowed
at base, subcoriaceous, entire or shallowly crenate, the upper surface
minutely the 1 airs
green, nitid, glabrous or sparingly and strigose,
and veins or slightly raisea,

barely 0.5 mm. long, the costa lateral flat
the lower surface drying light olive green, minutely and rather spar-
and veins mor

terminal
subsessile spikes cm. long and 15
up to 5 mm
i-cottony bracts closely imbricate, rhombic-ov
;
mm. lonff and 6 mm

•ttony-pubescent at base, otherwise glabrous or sparingly pubescent
prominent
middle
elliptic, about 0.5 mm. long, brown, nitid, varnished bractlets obliquely
;
mm
keel densely white-pubescent, the margins glabrous, subhyaline, deli-
^x T mm. long, tne posterior segmei

mm. wide, the lateral pair 2.5 mm
or glabrate, striate-nerved, acute, ciliate
oblong-ovate, finely pubescent
minutelv papillose, the tube
contracted
gradually enlarged to a cylindric subventricose throat 7 or 8 mm.
broad, the upper lip erect, narrowly ovutc, 15 mm. long and 8 mm.
wide, bilobed at apex, the lobes triangular-ovate, 7 mm. long, 4 mm.
wide at base, acuminate, the tips outwardly curved, the middle lobe of
the lower lip elliptic, spreading, 9.5 mm. wide, narrowed at base, sub-
cucullate and apiculate at tip, the lateral lobes about 5 mm. long, the
posterior edge adnate to lower part of upper lip, the free portions
triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm. long, slightly over 1 mm. wide, obtuse;

stamens exserted about 4 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube.
7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, apiculate at each end, dorsally

tomentose ; ovary glabrous mature
:

Cielo
Colombi
H. H. Smith (GH, Mo, Ph, NY, S)
Magdalena San Lorenzo mountains, vicinity of Santa Marta, Viereck s. n.
:
(US). Above Minca, Las Cumbres, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada de
Santa Marta, 2,000 meters altitude, Saickes 587 (US).
Norte de Santandeh: Ornfifl f^rhlim r>?i7 nr\ e'/,77>«.«^/^« oh /rrv •
Figure n.—Aphelandra mildhraediana Leonard (//. //. Smith 1414):

Tip of stem; i, a,
bract; c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; e, one of the anterior segments;/,
one of the
lateral segments; g, tip of corolla; h, pubescence of corolla (from
region near base of
upper lip); i, pubescence of corolla (from about the middle of the tube), (a, Half
natural
size; b-j, twice natural size; g, natural size; ^, i, about 25 times natural size.)
^
Therather small subglabrous leaf blades, short, relatively broad
silky spikes and broad, finely pubescent calyx segments are
characters
mi
vulcherHma The species is named
in honor of Johannes Mildbraed, a specialist in the family
Acanthaceae.
Schultze 0. 695, collected on wooded mountain slope at Casa
meters
this species; a photograph of the Berlin specimen is in the U. S
;
;
photograph No. 8716) Schultze

National Herbarium (Field Mus. .
the specimen as a rare

describes the plant from which he collected
shrub 3 meters high producing gorgeous scarlet red flowers.
Aphelandra barkleyi Leonard, sp. nov. Figube 78

51.
Suffrutex, caulibus lamina

glabris;foliorum oblongo-ellipticaj
breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum

decurrens, membranacea, undulata vel subcrenata, glabra yel subtus
costa et venis lateralibus gracilibus sed
minute et parce strigosa,
prominentibus ; petioli aliquanto breves, glabri vel minute et parce
strigosi spicae 1 vel plures,
; spica terminalis subsessilis, spicae late-
rales pediinculatae, pedunculis albo-tomentosa

glabris, rhache
bracteae rhombico-ovatae, subacutae, brunnescentes (siccae), glabrae
vel in area mediana minute pubescentes, marginibus dense ciliolatis
ocelli (6-7) suborbiculares, brunnei, nitidi, contigui; bracteolae
lanceolatae, obliquae, carinatae, striato-nervatae, intus glabrae, extus
Dubescentes. mareinibus subhyalinis : calycis segmenta acuta, coriacea,

puberula, segmentum
ova turn
minute
gularibus, acumi
mmusve
acuminato et curvato, lobis lateralibus oblongis, subobtusis, cum labio
superiore basi connatis stamina ;vix exserta, antheris basi et apice

ovanmn
glabrum.
Suffrutescent shrub up to 1 meter high stems glabrous
;
leaf blades ;
oblong-elliptic, up to 35 cm, long and 12.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate

(the tip itself blunt), more or less abruptly narrowed at base and de-
current on the petiole, membranaceous, entire, undulate or subcrenate,

mmu
costa and lateral veins (15 or 16 pairs) slender but prominent;
up cm. long, glabrous or sparingly
petioles (unwinged portion) to 5
minutely strigose spikes;1 to several, up to 15 cm. or occasion-
as much as 30 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, the terminal spike subsessile,

cm
the rachis white- tomentose ; bracts rhombic-ovate, light brown, 7.5
mm mm. wide at mm.
above base, subacute
3.5
brown, glabrous or the medial region minutely and inconspicuously

pubescent, the margins densely ciliolate, the costa and lateral nerves
(several pairs) prominent; ocelli usually 6 or 7, suborbicular, 0.5 to
rmn. in diameter
mm. long, 2 mm
margin, glabroui
mm. lonsr, the others shorter calyx segments ;
mm. long, acute, coriaceous, striate-nerved, pilose at tip, the hairs

up to 0.25 mm. long, otherwise minutely puberulous, the posterior seg-
ment narrowly ovate, 4 mm. wide, the anterior pair oblong-lanceolate,
3 mm. wide, the lateral pair linear-lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide; corolla
mmu
Figure 7^.—Aphelandra harhleyi Leonard {Araque-Molina & Barkley 18M.OJ3): a,

Leaf near base of inflorescence; b, one of the lower stem leaves; c, portion of
petiole of
inflorescence; d, bract; e, bractlet;
/, posterior calyx segment; g, one of the anterior seg-
ments; A, one of the lateral segments; i, corolla;
/, pubescence of corolla, {a-c, i, Half
natural size; d-h, natural size; ;, about 20 times natural
size.)
mm. at 6 mm. above base, thence enlarged

erect
oblong-ovate, 18 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, bilobed at apex, the lobes
mm
trilobcd, the middle lobe more or less spreading, lanceolate, about 18
lobes
mm. loner and 1 mm

gins connate with the lower part of the upper lip ; stamens reaching
notch of upper lip, the anthers 6.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, obtuse and
base
glabrous ovary glabrous.
;
U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1954078, collected in

rich soil of damp, rocky woods on the banks of the Rio Guatiquia
between the foothills and plains in the vicinity of Villavicencio,
f Meta. Colombia
18M
S
CuNDiNAMARCA : Quetam6 to Villavicencio, P^rez-ArheUez 35 (Col). Tequen-
dama Casas, Triana s. (NY).n.
Meta Woods along

: the Rio Guatiquia, 500 meters altitude, March 18 and 19,
1939, Killip 34489 (US). Dense, humid forest along Bfo Giiejar, 400 meters
altitude, November 7, 1949, Philipson, Idrolo d Fernandez 1351 (US). Villa-
Ticencio, 500 meters altitude, November 9, 1938, Cuatrecasas 4538 (US) Haught ;
2528 (US). Ocoa, near Villavicencio, July 21, 1945, Schiefer 851 (US). Aplai,
Llano de San Martin, Triana s. n. (Col).
Characters by which Aphelandra bar/deyi may be recognized are
its membranous, nearly glabrous leaf blades, its glabrous stems, and
brown C
brown background of the bracts are the darker brown nitid ocelli so
tigu In
general appearance A, harkleyi is somewhat like A. lingua-'bovis, but
bracts
mm
of
light brown of the bracts obscured. The spikes of Ilaught's No. 2528
are exceedingly long (30 cm.) and the red corollas are tipped with
yellow.
52. Aphelandra daemonia Leonard, sp. nov. Figube 79
ramosus
laribus, sursum dense strigosis, pilis arete appressis, albidis, minutis,
deorsum glabris; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, acum-
inata (apice ipso obtuso et plus minusve curvato), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, chartacea, crenata, supra parce strigosa vel
glabra, subtus aliquanto strigosa, costa et venis aliquanto prominenti-

bus; petioli alati, parce strigosi; spicae 1 vel plures, fasciculatae,
plerumque aliquanto breves, terminales, subsessiles, rhache flocculoso-

pubescente, pilis albis; bracteae imbricatae, quadrifariae, rhombeo-
ovatae, subacutae vel obtusae, mucronatae, minute puberulae, ciliatae,
costa et venis vix prominentibus ; ocelli conspicui, magni, nitidi,
brunnei, solitarii vel plures arete contigui vel confluentes ; bracteolae
228609—53 8
lanceolatae, acuminatae, dorso flocculoso-toraentosae, pilis albis,

marginibus Iijâlinis et glabris; calycis segmenta striato-nervata,
sursum puberula, marginibus hyalinis, segmentum posterius
coriacea,
anguste ovatum, apice subacutum et subcucullatum, anteriora
lanceolata, subobtusa et aniculata. lateralia anguste lanccolata. sub-
rubra
tubo
labio infer
triiobato, lobo medio patulo, oblongo, acuminate, apice recurvato,
lobis lateralibus parvis, oblongis, subobtusis, cum labio superiore pro
parte connatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis glabris; ovarium
11 m
Slender, sparingly branched shrubs ; stems terete or subquadrang
lar toward tip, the upper portion densely and closely strigose, t]
hairs whitish, less than 0.5 mm. long, the lower portions of the ster
glabrate, the lenticels orbicular to linear, the larger barely over C
mm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong-elliptic, 12 to 25 cm. long, 5
10 cm. wide, acuminate, the apex more or less curved (the tip itself
blunt) gradually or abruptly narrowed to a winged petiole, chartace-
,
ous, the margins crenate, the upper surface drying olive brown,
sparingly appres&ed hirsute to glabrate, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long,
the costa flat or slightly impressed, the lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs)
slightly raised, the veinlets inconspicuously and coarsely reticulate,
the lower surface drying a slightly lighter shade than the upper and
somewhat more densely hirsute, the costa and veins more conspicuous,
mm
75 mm. long, spreading
petioles (unwinged portion) inged
above the base
subtending the inflorescence, subsessile, the buds and young leaves
densely yellowish white-pilose; flowers borne in 1 or more terminal,
subsessile spikes 6 to 8.5 cm. long and 8 to 10 mm. broad, the rachis
cottony- white-pubescent bracts closely imbricate, dark brown,
;
rhombic- ovate, 5 mm. long and wide, acutish to obtuse, minutely

mucronate, of ter bearing near middle several low blunt teeth 0.25 mm.
long, coriaceous, minutely puberulous without, ciliolate, the costa and
lateral nerves barely conspicuous, the ocelli elliptic, 1 mm. long and
mm
or occasionally 2 or then confluent or closely contiguous bractlets
3, ;
lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acuminate, carinate, dorsally

white-cottony-tomentose, the margins hyaline and glabrous calyx 7 ;
mm. long, the posterior segment narrowly ovate, 4 mm. wide, acutish
or subcucullate at tip, the anterior pair lanceolate, 2.5 mm. wide, the
lateral pair slightly narrower, both anterior and lateral pairs obtusish
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, U 225
and apiculate, all striate-nerved, coriaceous, minutely puberulous to-

ward tip, the margins hyaline, the nerves indurate at base; corollas
5.5cm. long, red, minutely papillose except at the glabrous base, the
tube 3 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 9 mm. above base,
thence enlarged to a tubular, slightly ventricose throat 5.5 mm. broad
at mouth, the upper lip erect, 23 mm. long, 9 mm. wide, 2-lobed at tip,
Figure 79.—Jphdandra daemonia Leonard {H. H. Smith 141S): a, Tip of stem; b, portion
of leaf blade (undersurface); c, bract; d, bractlet; e, posterior calyx segment;/, one of the
anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, corolla; i,pubescence of the corolla
tube; /, anther, (a, k, Half natural size; b, natural size; c-g, j, twice natural size; i, about
40
lobes lance-ovate, 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide at base

mm. lonsr, 7 '5 acuminate, ending in
adnate
mm. lonir, 1.5 mm. wide, obtusish; stamens
exserted 14 mm. beyond mouth of corolla tube,
the anthers 7 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, acute i
ly apiculate ; ovary glabrous capsules not seen.

;
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 703914, collected in dry

forests near Bonda, vicinity of Santa Marta, Department of Magda-
lena, Colombia, "below 3,000 feet" altitude, October 31, 1808, by H. H.
Smith (No. 1415). Isotypes (Ch, GH, NY, Ph, S).
Magdalena: Guamacito, Santa Marta region, Record 36 (NY). Slopes of the
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 600 meters altitude, Cardona, Gutierrez d Bark-
ley 18C.077 (US). Tiicurinca, Romero 583 (Ch.). Flood-plain forest, Cerrej(5n,
100 meters altitude, HaugM 6730 (US).
Aphelandra daemonia is another species of the A. pulcherr}m>a com-

plex. Its distinguishing characters lie in the crenate, ovate to oblong-
elliptic leaf blades, narrowed, and sometimes abruptly so, into slen-
d
ted These bracts have,
in fact, a fanciful resemblance to a series of elfin faces peeping above
the brilliant white tomentum of the rachis, thus the species name dae-
monia (Saifj6viov, elf.). Dr. Samuel J. Record states that the wood is
hard
Leonard Figure 80
Frutex, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum magna, obloiiga vel
oblongo-ovata, apice breviter acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, integra vel undulata vel leviter
crenata, glabra, costa et venis lateralibus pilos minutos api)ressos
ferentibus; petioli graciles, glabri; spicae solitariae vel plures fascicu-
magnae
ma^m
nervatae, sericeo-pubescentes, deorsum dense sorlceo-pubescentcs, pills
appressis, albis; ocelli multl, miuiiti; bracteolae Innceolatae, dense
sericeo-pubescentes, pilis appressis; calycis segmenta triangularia,
subaequalia, dense sericeo-pubescentia, pilis appressis; corolla flava,
minute pubescens, labio superiore oblongo, bilobato, lobis triangul-
aribus, acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio
lanceolate,
acuto, lobis lateralibus parvis, obtusis, cum labio superiore pro
parte
connatis; capsulae oblongae, apice obtusae, sursum glabrae et nitidae,
deoi-sum opacae, minute et dense punctatae.
Shrubs up to meters high stems glabrous leaf blades oblong or
3 ; ;
oblong-ovate, up to 35 cm. long and 18 cm. wide, short-acuminate

at
apex (the tip itself blunt),
narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (usually
about 15 to
20 pairs) bearing a few small appressed hairs, the margin entire,
undulate or shallowly crenate; petioles slender, up to 10 cm. long,
glabrous spikes stout, one or several, in fascicles, terminal, sessile,
;
up
to 30 cm. long and about 2 cm. broad; bracts ovate, up to 25 mm. long
pubescent
ocelli
»
- 1 -
(about 20), elliptic, minute (about 400 /. long and 250 fi wide) ; bract-
mm. Ion u, 6 mm
pubescent y, appressed; calyx segments tri-
segment 7 mm.
iong, the posterior
wide near base, the anterior pair 4 mm. wide, the middle pair 3 mm.
wide, all acute, striate-nerved, densely pubescent with silky ap-
FiGURE ^.—Jphelandra grandis Leonard {Guevara- A mortegui 260): a, Tip of stem; b,
undersurface; bract; d, bractlet; e, posterior calyi segment;

tip of leaf blade showing c,
one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, upper lip of corolla; t,
/,
anther; pubescence of corolla, {a, i, Half natural size; cî,
middle lobe of lower lip; j, k,
natural size; /, about 5 times natural size; k, about 20 times natural size.)
pressed hairs except the subglabrous and subhyaline margins corolla ;
yellow, finely pubescent, 5.5 to 6 cm. long, 6 mm. broad at throat, the
upper lip oblong, about 15 mm. long and 9 mm. wide, 2-lobed, the
lobes triangular, about 6 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, acuminate, the
middle lobe lanceolate, about as long as the
lower lip 3-lobed, the
upper lip, acute, the lateral lobes small, about 2.5
mm. long and 1
wide, obtuse, their upper margins partly connate with the upper
mm.
:
mm. long, 7 mm. broad, blunt at tip, nitid and

11 and minutely and densely punctate towards
base
Alban, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1,699 meters alti-
tude, in 1932, by B. Guevara -Amortegui (No. 260). Ariste-Joseph's
No. 1081 (GH, Ph, US), collected at Paime, Cundinamarca, and
Haught's No. 193G (US), collected in rich alluvial valley soil near
Caimona Creek, Santander, 200 meters altitude, July 20, 1936, are
also of this species.
The exceedingly large bracts and yellow corollas serve to distin-
guish Aphelandra grandis from among the numerous relatives of A.
emma Grandis (large) alludes to the size attained by the
plant, its relatively large leaf blades, spikes, and flower bract
54. Aphelandra aristei Leonard, sp. nov. FiGUEE

Suffrutex, caulibus sursum dense hirsutis, pilis subappressis vel
ascendentibus ; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, subobtusa, basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, integra vel undulata, supra aliquanto
parce pilosa, subtus dense et molliter pilosa, pilis subappressis,
brunnescentibus petioli breves, dense et molliter pubescentes spicae
; ;
solitariae, terminales, rhache pilosula, pedunculo dense hirsuto,

pilis
subappressis vel patulis; bracteae ascendentes, non arete appressae,
rubro-brunnescentes (siccae), oblongo-lanceolatae, striato-nervatae,
acuminatae, ciliatae, tenuiter et molliter pubescentes, pilis subap-
pressis ;
ocelli minuti, elliptici, brunnescentes, glabri ; bracteolae subu-
latae, dorso tenuiter et molliter pubescentes, striato-nervatae ; calycis
seginenta subaequalia, acuminata, striato-nervata, tenuiter pubes-
centia, segmentum posterius anguste ovatum, anteriora lanceolata,
lateralia lanceolata; corolla flava minute pubescens, labio su-
(?),
periore erecto, ovato, bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acuminatis,
apicis curvatis, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, trilobato, lobo
medio oblongo, acuto, lobis lateralibus anguste ovatis, obtusis, liberis
9
arium
Shrubby; tips of si
or ascending, about 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-ellipti'c^ up to

14 cm. long and 6 cm. wide (the lowermost probably larger) , obtusish,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate,
the upper surface rather sparingly pilose, the hairs about 0.75
mm.
long, the lower surface densely and softly pilose, the hairs subap-
about 1 mm
terminal
about
long, the pubescence that of the stems ; bracts ascending,
not closely
tippressed, light brownish red (dry), oblong-lanceolate, up to 24
mm.
,
mm. wide near base, 7 mm. wide

striate-nerved, acuminate, ciliate, finely pubescent, velvety, the hairs
subappressed, the inner surface glabrous or nearly so ocelli numerous, ;
more, elliptic, about 0.25 mm

mm
base, finely and softly pubescei^t without, finely striate-
:alvx segments subequal, about 1 (
arisui Leonard {ArisU-Jos^ph, Tip

n.):of plant; b, bract;
a,
Figure Sl—Jphflandra s.
segment; e, one of the anterior segments;/, one of the lateral

c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx
(inner surface showing one of the partly adnate lateral

segments; g, upper lip of corolla
lower lip; k, lower lip of the corolla (outer surface); i, pubescence of corolla
lobes of the
tub e. (a, Half natural size; b-h, natural size; i, about 18 times natural size.)
ment
mm
mm. gradually narrowed from
wide, all
slender tip, finely pubescent and striate-nerved corolla yellow ( ? ) ;
cm. long, the upper lip erect, ovate, 2-lobed,

finely pubescent, 3.5 to 4
the lobes triangular, acuminate, outwardly curved at tip, the lower
lio more or less spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe oblong, 15 mm.
mm J
lobes
;
mm. long, 1,5 mm.

wide, obtuse; stamens slightly exserted; ovary
glabrous ; capsules not seen.
Herbarium, No. 1185109, collected at
Pacho, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, August 1923, by
Brother Ariste- Joseph (s. n.).
Aphelcmdâ aristei resembles rather closely A. fiava Nees, from
the description of that species. There are, however, no glandular
hairs ("bracteis pubescentibus viscidulisque") present on
. . .
the bracts, as in A
flwva moreover, Nees makes no mention of ocelli.
;
55. Aphelandra trianae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 82

Suffrutex vel frutex, caulibus deorsum teretibus, glabratis, sursum
subquadrangularibus, hirsutis, pilis rigidis, curvatis, ascendentibus
lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, submembranacea, supra glabra vel parce strigosa, pilis
minutis, subtus parce hirtella, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto
prominentibus petioli breves, strigosi vel hirsuti; spicae solitariae,
;
subsessiles, bracteis ascendentibus, vix imbricatis, rhache dense pilosa,

pilis rectis, albescentibus, minutis,ascendentibus; bracteae aliquanto
magnae, oblongae, acutae et aristatae, ciliatae, utrinque molliter griseo-
pubescentes, pilis ascendentibus, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto
prominentibus, sed propter pubescentiam obscuris; ocelli plures
(8-12), elliptici, arete contigui, brunnei, obscuri; bracteolae anguste
lanceolatae, attenuatae, apice tenues, carinatae, areis marginalibus
tenuibus, striatis, subglabris, carina pilosa, pilis rectis, ascend-
entibus, argenteis; calycis segmenta coriacea, striato-nervata (nervis
basi induratis), glabra, apice ciliata, segmentum posterius oblongo-
lanceolatum, glabrum, attenuatum,
acutum, anteriora lanceolata,
glabra, acuta, apice ciliata; corolla (immatura) pubescens, pilis patu-
lis, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore ovato, bilobato,
lobis triangu-
laribus, acutis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio lanceolato, acu-
minato, apice curvato, lobis lateralibus parvis, rotundatis, cum labio
superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris apice
obtusis,
cohaerentibus, basi oblique obtusis, minute apiculatis, filamentis basi
pilosis, sursum glabris.
Suffrutescent herbs or shrubs stems subquadrangular, hirsute,
;
the
hairs stiff, curved, ascending, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. long, brownish,
the lower
parts terete and glabrate leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 15 cm.
;
long
decurrent
submembranace >us, entire or undulate, the upper surface
glabrous or sparingly strigose, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the
lower
surface sparingly hirtellous or the costa and veins (9 or 10 pairs)
more
densely so, the hairs ascending, up to 0.75 mm. long, the costa and
veins
moderately prominent; petioles up to cm. long, rather densely
1
strigose or hirsute ; spikes solitary, subsessile, about 8 cm. long and 3
— I
h
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, II 231
broad, the bracts ascending, scarcely imbricate, the rachis densely

mm
long; bracts oblong, 25 mm. loiig, about 5 mm wide, acute and
aristate, both surfaces softly gray-pubescent, hairs ascending,
n to 1 mm, loner.
prominent
75 mm
mm
marginal
ascend
Figure 82. Aphelandra trianae Leonard {Triana s. n., Quindio): a. Tip of plant; t, bract;
c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the abterior segments; /, one of the lateral
segments; g, anther; A, tip of corolla; i, pubescence of corolla tube, (a, Half natural
size; h-f,h, natural size; g, twice natural size; i, about 16 times natural size,)
I
ing, up to 1 mm. long, silvery; calyx 18 mm. long, the segments cori-
aceous, striate-nerved (the nerves indurate at base), glabrous, ciliate
at tip, the posterior segment oblong-lanceolate, attenuate and sharply

acute, 5 mm. wide near base, anterior segments lanceolate, glabrous,
attenuate and slenderly acute, the upper half ciliate, lateral segments
tienuate-acuminate
cm
mm. lonsr, the tube 2.5 mm
nrni 3
(immature
mm
mm. lonff, 3 mm
the lower lip lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate,
the tip recurved, the lateral lobes small, rounded, adnate to upper lip
of corolla stamens exserted, anthers 7
; mm. long, 1,5 mm. broad, obtuse
and cohering at tip, obliquely obtuse at base and minutely apiculate, the
filaments pilose at base, glabrous upwardly ovary glabrous.
;
Type in the herbarium of the Eoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, col-

lected in the Quindio Mountains near the Tolima-Caldas border,
Colombia, February, 1853, by J. Triana, s. n.; isotype (Col).
Distinguishing characters of A'phelandra trianae are to be found in
its rather large, silvery pubescent, oblong, ascending, acute bracts,
its slenderly acute calyx segments, and its subglabrous to sparingly
hirsute leaf blades (undersurface). There is much similarity in the
spikes of this and A. but the leaf blades of that species are
aristei,
densely and softly pilose and the ocelli very minute and numerous.
56. Aphelandra albert-smithii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 83
Frutex, caubibus teretibus, glabris vel sursum parce hirsutis;
lamina foliorum late oblanceolata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, subcoriacea, integra
vel undulata, supra parce hirsuta, subtus aliquanto hirsuta, pilis
longis (1 mm.), brunnescentibus, ascendentibus vel patulis, costa et
venis lateralibus gracilibus sed prominentibus, venulis crasse reticula-
tis; pctioli breves, hirsuti; spicae terminales, 1 vel plures, subsessiles
vel breviter pedunculatae, pedunculis dense hirsutis, rhache glabra vel
parce pilosa; bracteae brunneae (siccae), rhombico-ovatae, apice
acutae et cuspidatae, ciliatae, minute et inconspicue puberulae vel
basi pilosae; ocelli (fere 6) elliptici, brunnei, nitidi, contigui vel im-
bricati bracteolae ovatae, acutae, obscure striato-nervatao, basi sub-
;
auriculatae, aliquanto hirsutae, pilis brunnescentibus, costa aliquanto

prominente, basi indurata; calycis segmenta striato-nervata, sub-
coriacea, apiculata, segmentum posterius oblongo-ovatum, apice
apiculatum, anteriora et lateralia oblonga et acuta; corolla rubra,
minutis, conicis, tubo
acuminatis
lanceolato
basi
stamina vix exserta, filamentis gracilibus, basi retrorse hirsutis, sursum
glabris; ovarium glabrum.
Shrub up to 3.5 meters high; stems terete, glabrous or the upper-
most portions sparingly hirsute, the hairs appressed to spreading,
up to 1.25 mm. long; leaf blades broadly oblanceolate, up to 18 cm.
long and 6 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), nar-
rowed from above middle to a short, winged petiole, subcoriaceous,
entire or undulate, the upper surface sparingly hirsute, the hairs
ascending, about 0.75 mm. long, the lower surface rather densely
hirsute, the hairs about 1 mm. loner, ascendiner to sDreadinET. liarht
the and(15 to 17 pairs) slender

veins
prominent, the veinlets rather conspicuously and coarsely anastomos-
ing; pet] (un winged up to 1 cm. long, hirsute; spikes
terminal spik
7
id 1 cm.
rhachis
glabrous or sparingly pilose; bracts drying brown, rhombic
Figure 83.—J phelandra albert-smithii Leonard {Killip & Smith 16283): a. Tip of stem;
b, bract; c, bractlct; d, posterior calyx segment; e, one of the anterior segments;/, one of the
lateral segments; g, anther; h, tip of corolla; i, pubescence of corolla tube, (a, Half nat-
ural size; b-g, twice natural size; h, natural size; t, about 25 times natural size.)
up to 11 mm.
long and 7 mm. wide, acute and cuspidate at tip, minutely
and inconspicuously puberulous or bearing a few longer hairs toward
tip, the margins ciliate, the hairs 0.5 to 1 mm. long ocelli usually 6, ;
elliptic, dark brown, nitid, 0.75 to 1 mm. long, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide,
contiguous or overlapping; bractlets ovate, obscurely striate-nerved,
acute, 6 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide, subauriculate at base, moderately
hirsute, the hairs brownish, up to 0.5 mm. long, the costa rather promi-
nent, indurate at base calyx 9 to 11 mm.
; long, the segments puberulous,
subcoriaceous, striate-nerved, indurate at base, the posterior segment
oblong-ovate, 4.5 mm, wide, rounded and apiculate, the anterior pair
oblong, 3,5 mm. wide, acute and apiculate, the lateral pair similar but
slightly narrower; corolla 5,5 cm, long, red, puberulous, the hairs
minute and conical, the tube 3 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm.
at 5 mm. above base, thence enlarged to a subcylindric throat 6 mm.
broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, narrowly oblong, about 5 mm,
wide, bilobed, the lobes lanceolate, 18 mm, long, 4 mm. wide,
acuminate, the lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the middle lobe lance-
olate, 17 mm. long, 7 mm, wide near base, acuminate, the lateral lobes
triangular, about 5 mm. long, acute, the upper margins adnata to the
lower part of the upper lip; stamens barely reaching tip of the upper
corolla lip, the anthers 5.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, the filaments
slender, retrorsely hirsute at base, otherwise glabrous ovary glabrous. ;
Type in tlie IT. S. National Herbarium, No. 1352032, collected in a

thicket in the Upper Rio Lebrija Valley, northwest of Bucaramanga,
Department of Santander, 400 to 700 meters altitude, December 29,
1926, by E. P, Killip and Albert C. Smith (No. 16283) An isotype is ,
in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

The
and
be
nized. Of the A . pulcheriîma-tetragona complex it is probal
to A . haugktii.
57. Aphelandra macrophylla Leonard, sp, nov, Figuke 84

Arbor parva, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, aliquanto
dense hirsutis, pilis sordidis, sursum appressis vel plus minusve pa-
tulis, deorsum teretibus, glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
magna, acuta vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso vel subacuto),
basi angustata, in petioluni breviter decurrens, submembranacea, In-
tegra vel undulata, supra glabra vel pilos raros subappressos ferens,
subtus tenuiter et parce hirsuta, pilis appressis vel aliquanto patulis,
costa et venis lateralibus conspicuis; petioli plus minusve hirsuti;
spicae multae, paniculam gi-andem terminalem ferentes, pendunculis
dense hirsutis, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus,
rhache flocculoso-
pubescente, pilis sordidis; bracteae rhombeo-ovataej acutae, flavae vel
aurantiacae, ciliolatae, glabrae vel infimae dorso strigosae; ocelli saepe
2, minuti, opaci vel fusco-lucentes; bracteolae lanceolatae, carinatae,
carina dense brunescenti-flocculosa, apice apiculatae; calycis seg-
menta striato-nervata, apice acuta vel subacuta, minute ciliolata, seg-
mentum posterius anguste ovatum, anteriora oblongo-lanceolata, lat-
eralia lanceolata; corolla papilloso-puberulenta, tubo rubro, anguste
hypocraterifoi-mi, leviter curvato et subventricoso, lobis aurantiacis,
labio superiore ovato, bilobato, lobis triangularibus, apice tenuiter
acuminatis, recurvatis, patulis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio
LEONARD: THE ACAXTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, 11 235
oblongo-elliptico, apice acuminato, recurvato, lobis lateralibus tri-
angularibus, subobtusis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina

vix exseiia, filamentis glabris.
Small trees; branches siibquadrangular toward tip, rather densely
hirsute, the hairs sordid, 0.5 mm. long, closely upwardly appressed or
more or less spreading, the lower portions of the stems terete, gla-
brate; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 19 to 35 cm. long, 7 to 17 cm.

wide, acute to short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse or acute) gradu- ,
ally narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, submem-

branaceous, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or the
uppermost leaves bearing a few appressed or subappressed hairs 0.5
mm. long, drying olive, the costa and lateral veins (16 to 20 pairs)
flat or slightly raised, scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying a
lighter olive than the upper, sparingly hirsute, the hairs sordid, closely
appressed or more or spreading, the costa and lateral veins more

less
conspicuous than above; petioles (unwinged portions) 1.5 to 7

long, the pubescence that of the stems flowers borne:in a large terminal
panicle consisting of rather small spikes, the panicle up to 30 cm. long
with a spread of 20 cm., the spikes 3.5 to 9 cm. long and about 6 mm.
broad, the secondary peduncles, if present, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, the pri-
mary ones 4 to 7 cm. long, or the uppermost shorter, both peduncles

and axis of the panicle rather densely hirsute, the hairs appressed or
some
7
mm
mar
minute
mm
late, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, carinate, densely brown-woolly dorsally,
igment
mm
mm. wide, all acute to acutish, mmu
ciliolate toward tip, striatc-nerved; corolla red (tube) and orange
(lobes), papillose-pubcrulous, 5.8 cm. long from base to tip of upper
mm
above base, thence enlarged gradually to a slightly curved subventri-
cose throat, 6 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 15 mm.
long and 7 mm. wide, 2-lobed at tip, the lobes triangular, about. 5 mm.
acuminate
mm
long and 5.5 mm. wide, the tip slender and recurved, the lateral lobes
gul
mm. and broad stamens
loner ;
upper lip, the anthers 4.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, the basal lobe
minutely mucronate, the filaments exserted about 1 cm. above the

mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous; capsules not seen.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1850294, collected on
a north slope, between El Amparo and La Mesa at the source of the
Rio Negro, vicinity of Sarare, Department of Norte de Santander,
Figure M.—Aphdandra macrophylla Leonard {a, Cuairecasas 12897; b to j,[Cuatucajaj

12873) a, Lowermost branch ofinflorescencc; b, node|and]basal portion of leaf blade (upper
:
surface); c, bract; d, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment;/, one of the anterior segments;
g, one of the lateral segments; A, corolla; i, pubescence of corolla tube; ;', anther, (a, b,
hy Half natural size; c-g, twice natural size; 2, about 20 times natural size;;, about twice
natural size.)
Colombia, 1,400 to 1,700 meters altitude, November 7, 1941, by J,

Cuatrecasas (No. 12873). Cuatrecasas' No, 12897 (US), collected
Campoh
meters, November 8, 1941, and Schlim
(NY), collected at Ocaiia, Norte de Santander
this species.
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, H 237
ApJielandra macrophyTla is related to A. parvispica but has larger

leaves and longer petioles, the leaf blades of the latter reaching only
19 cm. in length and the petioles 1 cm. As in ^. parvispica the flowers ^
are borne in terminal panicles but these in A, parvispica are much

smaller (up to 6 cm. long), as are the individual spikes (up to 6 cm.
long). The tomentum of the rachis of A. macrophylla is brownish
instead of white as in J., parvispica. The specific name is from the
Greek, naKp6s, large, and (ftvXKov, leaf.
58. Aphelandra schultesii Leonard, sp. nov.

FlQUBB 85
Suffrutex, caulibus deorsum teretibus, glabris, sursum subqu adr angu-

laribus, plus minusve strigosis, pilis aliquanto longis lamina f oliorum
;
oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica vel late oblanceolata, acuta vel acuminata

(apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, submem-
branacea, undulata vel leviter crenata, supra glabra vel parce strigosa,
in costa et venis lateralibus dense strigosa, pilis brunnescentibus, sub-
tus aliquanto subappressis

hirsuta, pilis vel ascendentibus, brunnes-
centibus, costa et venis lateralibus gracilibus sed prominentibus petioli ;
aliquanto breves, dense hirsuti spicae; 1 vel plures, subsessiles vel
breviter pedunculatae, pedunculis hirsutis; bracteae rhombico-

ovatae, carinatae, acutae, minute puberulae, marginibus ciliolatae,
>
)us, basi induratis; ocelli 2-4

bracteolae lanceolatae, acum-
3centibus, marerinibus striatae,
glabrae, subhyalinae; calycis segmenta coriacea, acuta, apice tomen-

tosa, deorsum glabra, striato-nervata, nervis basi induratis, segmentum
posterius late lanceolatum, anteriora lanceolata, lateralia anguste
lanceolata; corolla rubra, minute papilloso-puberula, tubo anguste
hyprocrateriformi, labio superiore erecto, ovato-lanceolato, bilobato,
lobis triangulo-ovatis, tenuiter acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato,
lobo medio oblongo-lanceolato, acuminato, lobis lateralibus, oblongis,
obtusis, cum labio superiore basi connatis stamina vix ;exserta, an-
theris apice flocculoso-tomentosis, adhaerentibus, filamentis basi
glabrae
minute
Suffrutescent, up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, more
or less strigose toward tip, the hairs upwardly appressed, almost 1
mm
cm
long and 9.5 cm. wide, acute to acuminate (the tip itself blunt) , nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, un-
dulate to shallowly crenate, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly
strigose except the costa, this densely so, the hairs brownish, up to
0.75 mm. long, the lower surface moderately hirsute, the hairs sub-
appressed to ascending, brownish, up to 0.75 mm. long, the costa and
;
lateral veins slender but

prominent; petioles (unwinged portions) up
to 3 cm. long, densely hirsute, the hairs subappressed to ascending,
up to 1 mm. long spikes solitary or several, up to 12 cm. long and 1
;
cm. wide, subsessile to short-pedunculate, the peduncles up to 15 mm.

long, sparingly hirsute, the rachis tomentose, the hairs light brownish
Figure %S.~Aphelandra schultesii Leonard {Gutierrez & Schultis 936): fl,Tip of plant; t,
bract; c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment;
one of the anterior segments;/, one of the
e,
lateral segments; g, corolla; h, pubescence of corolla tube;

i, anther, {a, g, Half natural
size; b-f,^ twice natural size; k, about 20 times natural
size; i, slightly more than twice
natural size.)
bracts rhombic-ovate, (5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide near base, acute, coriace-
mmutelv puberulous
margins
ciliolate, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; ocelli 2 to 4 or
occasionally
as many as 7, elliptic, up to 1.25 mm. long and 0.75 mm, wide,
brown,
base
lio-ht brown), the margins striate, glabrous and subliyaline; calyx

'^
glabrous toward base, striate-nerved, the nerves in-

tip, essentially
durate at base, the anterior segment broadly lanceolate, 2.5 mm. wide,
pair narrowly
the anterior pair lanceolate, 3 mm. wide, the lateral
about 1 mm. wide; corolla red, minutely papillose-puberu-

lanceolate,
lous both within and without, up to 5.5 cm. long, the tube 1.5 mm.
mm
to 1 mm. at 8 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm. at
throat, the upper lip erect, ovate-lanceolate, about 2 cm. long, 7 mm.
broad, bilobed at tip, the lobes triangular-ovate, 9 mm. long, 3.5 mm.
mi
lanceolate, 21 mm. long, 6.5 mm. wide, acuminate, the lateral lobes
mm
the upper lip stamens slightly exceeding
adnate to the lower part of ;
the notch of the upper lip, the anthers 6 mm. long and 2 mm. broad,
tomentum, the filaments puberulous near
adhering at tip by a webby
base, otherwise glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsules clavate (imma-
ture), 18 mm. long, 5 mm. broad toward tip, 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous,
evanescently pruinosc, minutely punctate; mature seed not seen.
um of the Facultad de Agronomia, Medell

lected in the \=
Va
Colombia, March ?>, 1944, by G. Gutierrez- V. and R. E. Schultes
936). Gutierrez & Schultes' No.

Rio Vaupes in the vicinity of Mi
uary 3, 1944, is also of this species. botl
U. S. National H
associated
tomentum e
However, the spikes of A. macrophylla form a large panicle and are
usually much shorter (up to 9 cm. instead of 12 cm.) and its stems are
more densely strigose, with shorter hairs (0.5 mm. long).

Figure 86
59. Aphelandra haughtii Leonard, sp. nov.
gra dlis. caulibus quadrangularibus, deorsum teretibus, gla-
sursum
elliptico-oblonga vel late oblanceolata, tenuiter vcl breviter acuminata,
um
hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus brunneis, costa et venis dense hirsutis,
hirsuti spicae solitariae vel plures, terminales,

subtus hirsuta petioli;
;
subsessiles
rhomb i CO
coriaceae, apice mucronulatae, parce
ovatae, obtusae vel rotundatae,
costa et ncrvis lateralibus
hirsutao, basi glabrae, marginibus ciliolatae,
promincntibus, basi induratis; ocelli 6, elliptici, brunnei, contigui vel

acummatae
22S609—53 9
puberulae, basi subcarinatae ; segmenta glabra, acuminata,

calycis
striato-nervata, segmentum posterius anguste ovatum, anteriora lanceo-
lata, lateralia anguste lanceolata; corolla coccinea, papilloso-puberula,
drico
lob
oblongo
basi
connatis; stamina vix exserta.
Slender shrubs up to 4 meters bigh; stems terete, subquadran^ r
toward densely hirsute, the hairs spreading, up to 1.5 mm. long,
tip,
sordid, the lower portions glabrate, gray, minutely roughened by the
scars of the fallen hairs, the lenticels minute, elliptic, 0.5 mm. long,
inconspicuous; leaf blades elliptic-oblong or broadly oblanceolate,
12 to 28 cm. long, 4 to 9.5 cm. wide, slenderly or shortly acuminate,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire,
the upper surface drying brownish green, sparingly hirsute, the hairs
up to 1.5 mm. long, ascending, the costa and lateral veins (10 to 14
pairs) flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous, densely hirsute-pilose,
the hairs spreading, up to 2 mm. long, light brown, the lower surface
drying slightly lighter than the upper, the pubescence that of the
upper surface except that the hairs are slightly shorter; petioles
(unwinged portion) 3 to 15 mm. long, hirsute-pilose; spikes terminal,
solitary or several, sessile or subsessile, up
cm. long, about 8 mm.
to 6
broad, the, rachis glabrous or bearing a few minute, inconspicuous
hairs; bracts rhombic-ovate, 5 mm. long and 4.5 mm. wide, obtuse
or rounded at apex, coriaceous, subappressed, sparingly hirsute toward
tip, otherwise glabrous, the margins of the upper half sparingly
ciliolate, the costa excurrent, ending in a small mucro, both costa
and
lateral nerves (2 pairs) rather prominent and strongly indurate
at
base ocelli usually 0, elliptic, dark brown, 1 mm. long and 0.75 mm.
;
wide, closely crowded or even overlapping; bractlets ovate, oblique,

4 mm. long and 2 mm.wide, acuminate, glabrous or sparingly puberu-
lous toward tip, subcarinate at base; calyx glabrous, 7 mm. long, the
posterior segment narrowly ovate, 4 mm. wide, acute, the anterior
pair lanceolate, 2 mm. wide, acuminate, the lateral pair lanceolate,
1.5 mm. wide, acuminate, all of the segments striate-nerved and incon-
spicuously scurfy at tip, the costa more prominent than the lateral
nerves; corolla scarlet, papillose-puberulous, 7 cm. long, the tube
straight or sometimes slightly curved, subcylindric, about 2 mm. broad
at base, 6 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip elliptic, 24 mm.
long and
8 mm. wide, bilobed, the lobes triangidar, 10 mm. long and 5 mm.
wide at base, slenderly acuminate, the tips spreading, the middle lobe
7 mm
acuminate, the lateral lobes 6 mm. lone, partlv adnate
;
lip, the free portion triangular, 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, rounded
stamens almost reaching the tip of the upper lip, the anthers 7 mm
long and 1 mm. broad, mucronate at base capsules not seen.;
Tvne in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1742219, collected a1
of the Cerro Armas, Santander, Colomb meters alti-
Tip of branch; h, basal portion

FiGURE %e.-Aphelandra haughtii Leonard {Haught 1948): a.
(lower surface); bract; d, bractlet; c, posterior calyx

of one of the lower leaf blades c,
one of the lateral segments; A, corolla; i,

segment; /, one of the anterior segments; g,
anther, {a, b, h, Half natural size; d-g, twice natural size;

pubescence of corolla tube; ;,
I, about IS times natural size; c, j, slightly more than twice natural size.)
tude, July 29, 1936, by Oscar Haught (No. 1948) .

Haught's No. 2086,
Agu
Bermej
November 20
bracts
Aphelandr 5
diminutive
d The densely hirsute stems and costa of
to
the upper surface of leaf blade are also very noticeable. It seems
to have no close relative.
F
UO. Aphelandra incarnata Leonard, sp. nov. Fiqube 87

Frutex vel suffrutex frondosus, caulibus sursum subquadrangulari-
bus, deorsum teretibus, glabratis, sursum dense puberulis, pilis brun-
neis, retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum oblanceolata, abrnpte acumi-
nata (apice ipso plus minusve curvato), basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, subchartacea, Integra vel leviter crenata, supra glabra vel
subglabra, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto dense pilosa, pilis fere
rectis, appressis vel patulis, subtus subglabra, costa et venis
lateralibus
puberulis, pilis curvatis et appressis; petioli (pars non alata) breves,
puberuli; spicae plures, terminales et subterminales, pendunculatae,
pedunculis aliquanto gracilibus, puberulis, pilis sursum curvatis,
rhache puberula, pilis fere rectis et patulis; bractcae rubrac (vivac),
ovales, apice rotundatae vel obtusae, mucronatae (infimae acutae),
sericeo-puberulae, dense ciliolatae; ocelli 6-8, suborbiculares, brunnei,
nitidi ; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, carinatae,
striato-nervatae,
puberulae, apice pilosae; calycis segmenta striato-nervata, apice
acuta,
cuspidata, ciliata, plus minusve erosa, basi glabra, segmentum posterius
ovatum, anteriora lanceolata, lateralia anguste lanccolata; corolla fere
incarnata (aliquando rubra), puberula, tubo subcylindrico, labio
supe-
riore erecto, ovato, bilobata, lobis lanceolatis, acutis, labio
inferiore
trilobato, lobo medio ovato-lanceolato, patulo, acuminato,
carinato,
lobis lateralibus parvis, triangulo-ovatis, obtusis,
cum
basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris apice apiculatis,
basi jicu-
minute
semma plana, brunnea, minute hispidula.
Shrubs
rangular toward tips, terete below, rather densely broAvn-puberulous,
the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, retrorsely curved leaves
numerous,
; the
7
moi narrowed from above
the middle to a short, naked petiole (the petiole wiug
ending more or
less abruptly) subchartaceous, entire or shallowly
, crenate, the upper
surface glabrous or nearly so except costa and lateral
veins (12 to IG
pairs), the costa rather densely pilose, the hairs
appressed to spread-
ing, nearly straight, 0.5 to 1 mm. long, the lateral
veins puberulous, the
hairs mostly curved and appressed, the lower surface minutely white-
punctate under lens, essentially glabrous except costa and
veins, these
rather prominent and puberulous, the hairs minute
and curved, the
veinlets coarsely anastomosing; petioles (un winged
portions) up to
1 cm. long, puberulous, the hairs recurved spikes more or less
; numer-
ous, both terminal and subterminal, peduncled,
to 12 mm. broad, the peduncles rather slender, 2 to 3 cm,
lon^-, puberu-
upwardly curved, the rachis iniberulous, the hairs

lous, the hairs
bracts red (living) oval, about 1 cm.
nearly straight and spreading; ,
rounded or obtuse, mucronate or the

long and 6 mm. wide, 3-nerved,
densely ciliolate; ocelli usually
lowermost acute, silky-puberulous,
about 6 or 8, well-defined, suborbicular, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter,
brown, nitid bractlets lanceolate,

;
5.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acumi-
puberulous, pilose at tip; calyx
nate, carinate, faintly striate-nerved,
(the costa prominent),
segments striate-nerved, acute and cuspidate
cifiate and more or less erose toward tip, glabrous toward base, the
and mm. wide, the anterior pan-
posterior segment ovate, 7 mm. long 3
pair more
lanceolate, slightly over 1.5 mm. wide the
near base, lateral
mm. wide near base; corolla
narrowly lanceolate, slightly over 1
puberulous, about 6 cm. long, the
usually rose pink (sometimes red),
mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip
tube 3 mm. broad at base, 6 or 7
the lobes
erect, ovate, about 15 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, bilobed at tip,
mm
lobe of the lower lip spreading, ovate-lanceolate, about 21 mm. long,
the lateral lobes partly adnate
7 or 8 mm. wide, acuminate, carinate,
free portions triangular-ovate,
to the lower part of the upper lip, their
stamens reaching about mid-
2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base, obtuse;
way between mouth of tube and tip of upper lip, the anthers 6.5 mm.
apiculate at tip, acute at base; cap-
long and 1 mm. broad near base,
sules clavate, about 2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad near tip, 3 mm. broad near
glabrous, nitid, minutely punc-
base, about 3 mm. thick, obtuse at tip,
tate; seed (immature) flat, brown, minutely hispidulous.
U. S. National Herb
Arenosa Creek, in the ermeja, M
Valley, between the Sogamoso and Colorado rivers. Department of
meter
Haught
Pcnnell 3782 (NY). Dense,
Antioquia: Gravel along stream bed, Malena,
and Le6n, Yepcs, Blair & Barldeij 1SC.300
damp woods between Rfo Guapa
(US) ; Ruiz, Rivera & Barkley 18C.388 (US).
on the Rio Sinti, Pennell 4581 (NY).
Bolivar: Forest along river, Boca Verde,
Baliia Solano, Haiight 552S (US). Dense for-
Choc6: Along stream in forest,
of Ciudad Mutis, KiJlip & Qaroia 3357G (US).
est near Quebrada Scca, vicinity
El Centro, naught 2,008 (US).
Santahdeb: Along the Rio Colorado, near
In a general way ApheUndra incarnata resembles A. sinclairuma

Nees, of Costa Kica and Panama. This new species is sufficiently dis-
small spikes and bracts, and
tinct, however, in its puberulous stems,
the stems are hirsute,
in its nitid glabrous capsules. In A. sinclairiana
the spikes up to 20 cm. long instead of only 6 cm., the bracts up to 2
cm. in J., incarnata) and the capsules are densely puberu-

cm long (1 ,
lous. The name incarnata alludes to the pink corollas.

.
Lehmann's No. 7845 is scarcely different from the specimens cited

above. It was collected on the Rio Nuz, Antioquia, Colombia, and
deposited in the Berlin Herbarium (Field Mus. photograph No. 8699)
Lindau considered this to be new and proposed a name for it, but his
species was, apparently, never published.
Figure ^7—AphelandTa incarnata Leonard {Ilau^ht 1315); a, Tip of branch; b, basal

portion of one of the lower leaf blades; c, bract; d, bractlet;
e, posterior calyx' segment;
/, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, pubescence of

the corolla
tube; 1, anther, (a, b. Half natural size; c-g, twice natural size;
h, about 15 times natural
size; 1, about 3 times natural size.)
most part collected bet

level and 300 meters altitude. They all produced pink
flowers, except
the two Antioquia collections from the Eio Guapa region,
these'having
red corollas. Lehmann's No. 7845 according to his field notes
produced
blood-red flowers.
,
sericantha Leonard, sp. nov. Fiquke 88

61. Aphelandra
deorsura glabris, sursum minute
Frutex, caulibiis subteretibus,
oblongo-elliptica vel late lanceolata, acum-
strigosis lamina f oliorum
;
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, submembranacea, integra

inata, basi
parce et minute strigosa, costa et venis
vel undulata, supra glabra vel
minute strigosa vel hirtella, pilis
inconspicuis, subtus aliquanto et
positis, costa et venis conspicuis, venulis
pracecipue in costa et venis
crasse reticulatis; petioli parce et minute strigosi; spicae terminales,
angulata, dense hirtella, pilis diluto-
solitariae, subsessiles, rbacbe
ovales, obtusae vel subacutae, apicu-
brunneis, ascendentibus; bracteae
basi minute pubescentes, sericeae, striatae, venulis
latae, coriaceae,
bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, glabrae
prope margines reticulatis ;
costa et striis tumidis et confluenti-

vel apice hirtellae, basi carinatae,
lanceolata, subcoriacea, striata,
bus; calycis segmenta subaequalia,
glabra vel apice ciliata, costa et venis propinquis basi tumidis et con-
subobtusum, apice plus minusve
fluentibus, segmentum posterius
apiculata, lateralia acuta corolla sur-
laceratum, anteriora subobtusa, ;
ascendentibus, subbrunneis, bilabiata,

sum dense sericeo-liirtella, pilis
subaequalibus
medio
cum
connatis; capsulae ignotae.
Shrubs up to a meter high or morestems
; subterete, glabrous except
the upper portions, these upwardly strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm.
long, closely appressed; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or broadly oblong-
lanceolate, up to 20 cm. long and 5,5 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed at
submemb
mm
long, the venation rather inconspicuous, the lower surface drying a
upper, moderately and minutely strigose or
lighter olive than the
chiefly to costa and veins (10 to 12 pairs)
hirtellous, the hairs confined
the venation conspicuous, the veinlets coarsely reticulate ;
petioles up
mmu
small I
densely hirtellous, the hairs light

and 5 mm. wide, tlie rachis angled,
brown, ascending, 0.5 mm. long; bracts oval, 2 cm. long, 12 mm. wide,
obtuse to subacute and apiculate, coriaceous, the basal portion minutely

pubescent, silky, the hairs subappressed, light brown, 150 to 175 fi
long, the inner surface evenly, sparingly and minutely puberulous with
appressed hairs, the nerves closely parallel, the veinlets reticulate near
the subhyaline margins ; bractlets lanceolate, 8.5 mm. long, 2.25 mm.
portion carinate) glabrous ex-
wide near base, acuminate (the lower ,
cept the hirtellous tip, striate-nerved, the costa and adjacent nerves
I
^ - r
subequal to
subcori
costa and adjacent lateral nerves swollen and confluent at base, the
posterior segment 4.5 mm. wide, subobtuse and more or less lacerate,
the anterior segments 2.5 mm. widi ,
subobtuse and apiculate, the lat-
eral segments 2.25 mm.
wide, acute; corolla up to 5 cm. long, densely
and silkily hirtellous, except the glabrous basal portion, the hairs
brown, ascending, about 250 ^ long, the tube about 6 ram. broad at
mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, bilobate at tip, the lobes rounded, the
lower lip spreading, the lateral lobes minute and connate with the basal
portion of the upper lip, the free portion minute and triangular; cap-
sules not seen.
Figure S8.—Jphclandra scrkantha Leonard {Triana s. n., Piicora):

a, Tip of plant; b,
portion of undersurface of leaf blade to show venation and pubescence;
c, bract;' d,
bractlet; e, posterior calyx segment;/, one of the anterior segments;
g, one of the lateral
segments, {a, Half natural size; h, c, natural size; d-g,
twice natural size.)
G
meter
February 1852, by Triana, J. s. n. An isotypc is in the National
Herbarium of Colombia.
The specific epithet is from the Greek a-qpiKds, silken, and audos, flower.
02. Aphelandra hartwcgiana Nees
Aphelandra JtartWG(/iana Nees ex Beiith. PI. Hartw. 23G. 1846.
Type col-
lected in shady woods (sylvis umbrosis) on the Hacienda
de I'ahiiar near
Gtiaduas, Citndinamarca, Ilartwcg 1270.
Slender shrubs or small trees up to 4 meters high stems quadran- ;
gular toward tip, minutely strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm.
long,
closely appressed, the lenticels narrowly elliptical, corky,
up to 1 mm.
long; leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, up to 25 cm. long and
11 cm.
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBlAj II 247
wide, acuminate (the tip itself obtuse and submncronulate), narrowed

at baseand decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceouSj entire or unduîte,
the upper surface glabrous, drying to olive or brownish, the cc ^ta
shallowly channeled, tlie lateral veins (12 to 14 pairs) slightly raised,
these and the costa scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying light
olive, sparingly and inconspicuously strigose, the hairs about 0,5 mm*
long, sordid, more numerous on costa and veins than elsewhere, those
bordering costa sometimes more or less spreading; petioles (nnwingcd
portion) 1.5 to 2 cm. long, minutely strigose; spikes terminal, solitary
or often several,up to 45 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, the peduncles of
the terminal spike up to 2 cm. long, those of the lateral spikes up to
14 cm. long, both peduncles and racliis stout, about 6 mm. in diameter,
glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously strigose; bracts red or
orange (living), drying to brown (the border usually a blackish
brown), broadly rhombic-ovate, 16 mm. long, 12 mm. wide, obtuse
or rounded, more or less minutely apiculate, coriaceous, glabrous, the
costa and lateral nerves prominent except toward tip, the ocelli re-
placed by irregular elliptic brown favcolate areas up to about 4 mm.
long and 1.5 mm, wide; bractlets oblong, falcate, oblique, 1 cm. long,
about 4 mm. broad, subcarinate, obtuse, glabrous except the minutely
and sparingly hirsute keel, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, ascending;
calyx 21 mm. long, the posterior segment oblong-elliptic, 8.5 mm, wide,
the anterior pair oblong, 4.5 mm. wide, the lateral pair linear-oblong,
8.5 mm.wide, all coriaceous, glabrous, obtusish to acute, submucronu-
late at tip; corolla 6 to 7 cm. long, glabrous, yellow or orange, the
upper lip erect, lanceolate, 2 cm. long, about 6 mm. wide, bilobed at
tip, the lobes triangular,about 5 mm. long and 3 n)m. wide, acuminate
and apiculate, the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, lance-ovate,
about 2 cm. long and 12 mm. wide, acuminate, the lateral segments
about 7 mm. long, partly adnate to the upper lip of the corolla, their
free portions triangular, about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, obtuse;
capsules (immature) obovoid, about 13 mm. long and 4 mm. in diam-
eter, glabrous, nitid, minutely and sparingly punctate.
Wooded mountain slopes at lower elevations usually below 100
meters. Endemic. The species was named in honor of Karl Theodor
Hartweg, a German collector of plants. During 1836 he traveled in
Mexico to procure plant material for the Horticultural Society of
London. He visited also Guatemala, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and
California,
Accompanying Cuatrecasas' No. 17605 is the following note: "Fru-
tex; tallo scncillo 60 cm. Inflorescencia prismatico tetragonal de brac-
teas imbricadas rojo anaranjadas, Calix rojo anaranjado. Corola
amarilla." Haught says of his No, 4699 "High slender shrub, to 4 m.
:
high. Inflorescence a very showy, tetragonal prism of red bracts,

large yellow flowers. Forests, usually along streams."
;
Antioquia: Villa Arteaga, Eodge 7053 (US). Near Chigorod6, Eaught 4699
(US). Mutatd, Vribe-Uribe 1505 (US).
BOLfVAu: Boca Verde, on the Eio Sinu, Pennell 45.80 (NT).
Cnoc6: Cupica, Fernandez 354 (US). Near Quebrada Seca, Bahia Solano,
Killip d Garcia 35639 (US).
El Valle Le
Rio Calima, Cuatrecasas 21206 (Valle). La Trojita, Bio Calima, Cuatrecasas
16355 (Valle). Isla de Golondro to La Amargua, Rfo Yurumangui, Cuatre-
casas 16069 (Valle). Silva, Rio Cajambre, Cuatrecasas 17605 ( Vaile).
Depaetment (?) Playa, Lehmann 9047 (NY).
:
63. Aphelandra xanthantha Leonard, sp. nov. Figuee 89

Frutex, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, dense strigosis, pilis
parvis, brunnescentibus, sursum appressis; lamina foliorum reflexa,
oblongo-ovata, tenuiter acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decur-
mi
pilis rectis, parvis, arete appressis, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto
prominentibus; petioli breves, dense et minute strigosi; spicae termi-
nales, solitariae, subsessiles, rhache albotomentosa bracteae ovato-
;
lanceolatae, acutae, coriaceae, minute et inconspicue furfuraceae,

glabrae, parce ciliolatae, costa aliquanto prominente, nervis lateralibus
mar tenuibus; areae alvcolatae anguste ellipticae,
obscurae; bracteolae anguste la
^
natae, marginibus tenuibus, glabris, graciliter striato-nervatis, carina

dense pilosa, pilis albis, ascendentibus ; calycis segmenta tenuia,
coriacea, striato-nervata,
minute et inconspicue puberula, segmentum
posterius oblongum, apice rotundatum, anteriora lanceolata, apice
obtusa et apiculata, iateralia anguste lanceolata, apice obtusa corolla ;
lutea, papillosa, tubo aliquanto angusto, subcylindrico, labio

superiore
ovato, acuminato, apice bilobato, lobis minutis, anguste triangularibus,
labio inferiore trilobate, lobo medio ovato, subacuto, intus puberulo,
lobis lateralibus minutis, rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi connatis
stamina vix exserta, antlieris apice obtusis, cohaerentibus, basi obtusis
et minute apiculatis, filamentis basi pilosis, sursum glabris ovarium
;
glabrum.
Shrubs stems subquandrangular, densely strigose, the hairs brown-
;
ish, upwardly appressed, about 0.25 mm. long; leaves reflexed, the
blades oblong to oblong-ovate, up to 18 cm. long and 7 cm. wide,
slen-
derly acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, the
upper surface sparingly and minutely strigose, the hairs 0.25 mm. long,
the lower surface rather densely strigose, the hairs slightly
less than
0.5 mm. long, closely appressed, the costa and lateral veins
(9 or 10
pairs) fairly prominent; petioles (unwinged portion) up to 1
cm. long,
mmutely strigose ; spike
to 17 cm.
tomentose mm
8 mm. -wide at about 5 mm. above base, acute, coriaceous, glabrous,

minutely and inconspicuously scurfy without, sparingly ciliolate, the
costa fairly prominent, the lateral nerves obscure, the margins thin,
the alveolar spots narrowly elliptic, about 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, obscure; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 15 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
wide near base, slenderly acuminate, carinate, the keel densely pilose.
89.—Jfhlandra xanthantha Leonard (Jlnbe-Urihe 1862): a. Tip of plant; h, leaf

Figure
/
one of the lateral segments; i, corolla (Immature) partly spread to
the anterior segments; h,
Half natural size; c, e-i, natural
show lips; ;, pubescence of corolla tube; k, anther, {a, b,
twice natural size.)

size; d, about 5 times natural size;/, about 20 times natural size; k,
the hairs white, ascending, 0.5 to 0.T5 mm. long, the margins thin,
glabrous and finely striate-nerved calyx 18 ; mm. long, the segments

minutely and inconspicuously
thin and coriaceous, striate-veined,
puberulous, the posterior segment oblong, 5 mm. wide, rounded at
apex, the anterior segments lanceolate, 3.5 mm. wide, obtuse and apicu-
late at tip, the lateral segments narrowly lanceolate, 3 mm. wide, obtuse
cm. long, papillose without, glabrous
at apes corollas yellow, about 5
;
filaments, here pilose, the tube rather

within, except above insertion of
;
slender, subc5dindric, about 3 mm. broad, the mouth about 5 mm. broad,
the lips about 14 mm. long (immature), the upper one ovate, about
5 mm.wide, acuminate, bilobed at apex, the lobes minute, triangular,
about 1 nmi. long and 0.25 mm. wide, acute, the middle lobe of the lower
]ip ovate, 5 mm.
wide, subacute, puberulous within, the lateral lobes
attached to the lower part of the upper lip, their free portions about
1 mm.long and broad, obtuse; stamens barely exserted, the anthers
7 mm.
long, about 1 mm. broad, obtuse at both ends, the lower lobes
minutely apiculate, the tips cohering, the filaments glabrous except
at base, here pilose ; ovary glabrous.
Type in the U.
S.
the woods of Paramitos, Narino, Department of Antioquia, Colombia,
2,000 to 2,200 meters altitude, January 1949, by Lorenzo Uribc-
Uribc (No. 1862).
Aphelandra xanthantha should be easily recognized by its large, red,
ovate-lanceolate bracts, bearing inconspicuous, narrowly elliptical
alveolar spots, and by its yellow corollas with relatively broad but
rather short ovate upper lips minutely bilobed at tip. The name
xanthantha comes from âvOos, yellow, aud avdos, flowêr.
G-i. Aphelandra straminea Leonard, sp, nov. Figube 00
Suffrutex, caulibus teretibus, minute et sursum strigosis vel glabratis,
pilis brunnescentibus ; lamina foliorum oblonga vel late
elliptica,
oblanceolata, acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, submembranacea Integra vel undulata, supra nitida, glabra,
,
subtus parce et minute strigosa, pilis brunnescentibus, costa et venis

aliquanto prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis petioli longi, glabri
;
vel parce strigosi; spicae longae, terminales, solitariae, subsessilcs,

rhache flocculoso-tomentosa bracteae decussatae, arete imbricatae,
;
rhombeo-ovatae, acutae vel subacuminatae, apiee ipso rotundato,

coriaceae, marglnibus subhyalinis, deorsum ciliolatis, costa et venis
lateralibus prominentibus, utrinque glabrae; areola opaca elliptica
alveolata pro ocellis substituta; bracteolae lanceolatae, carinatae,
carina dense et molliter pubescente, marginibus subhyalinis, ciliolatis
calycis segmenta striato-nervata, segmentum posterius oblongo-
ovatum, apice obtusum, sursum pubescens, segmenta anteriora lanceo-
lata, obtusa, apiculata, glabra, lateraliaanguste lanceolata, obtusa et
apiculata, glabra; corolla straminea, tubo angusto, aliquanto
curvato,
labio superlore erocto, anguste ovato, bilobato, lobis triangularibus,
acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio patulo, ovato,
apice
acuto^ et recurvato, lobis lateralibus parvis, rotundatis,
cum labio
superiore basi connatis ; stamina vix exserta capsulae oblongae,
; apice
rotundatae, glabrae, minute punctatae; semina plana, brunnea,
parce
papillosa.
;
Suffrutescent herbs up to 2 meters

mm
ky
oblong or broadly oblanceolate, 20 to
mm. long ; leaf blades elliptic to
30 cm. long, 7 to 11.5 cm. wide, or the uppermost smaller, acuminate
at apex (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, submembranaceous, entire or unduloite, the upper surface

the costa and lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs)
drying olive, nitid, glabrous,
flat or slightly raised, moderately conspicuous, the lower surface drying
a slightly lighter shade than the upper, rather sparingly and minutely
strigose, the hairs brownish and about 0.25 mm. long, the costa and
lateral veins raised and rather conspicuous, the veinlets coarsely but
inconspicuously reticulate; petioles 5 to 16 cm. long (the upper half
or third narrowly winged), glabrous or sparingly and minutely

strigose spikes terminal, solitary,
;
subscssile, up to 26 cm. long and
12 mm. broad, quadrangular, the rachis white-cottony-tomentose
bracts decussate, closely imbricate, rhombic-ovate, 1 cm. long, about
7 mm. wide, acute to subacuminate (the tip itself rounded), coriaceous,
the margins subscarious, ciliolate near base of bract, the costa promi-
nent, inconspicuously excurrent at tip, the lateral nerves conspicuous
except on the broad scarious margins, both surfaces glabrous, the ocelli
replaced by dull alveolate oval areas about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm.
wide bractlets lanceolate,
;
10 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, carinate, the
keel densely soft-pubescent, the margins subglabrous, ciliolate; calyx

ment
mm
seirment
sparingly and minutely pubescent, obtuse at apex, the other glabrous

and minutely apiculatc; corolla straw-color, tinged with pink
(Haught), papillose without, slightly curved, about 5 cm. long, the
tube about 5 mm. broad near base, narrowed to 3 mm. at 10 mm. above
7 mm
mm
mm
lower lip spreading, ovate, 17 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, the apex acute
and recurved, the lateral lobes partly adnate to the upper lip, their
free portions about 1 mm. long and broad, rounded; stamens exserted
about 5 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the anthers about
G mm. long and 1 mm. broad, their basal lobe muticous capsules ob- ;
long, 14 mm. long and 6 mm. broad, rounded, glabrous, minutely

mm
sparingly papillose.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, Nc
swampy forest at Puerto Araujo on the Eio C
252 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Berrio 3
of Santander, Colombia
June G, 1935, by Oscar Hauglit (No. 1750) An isotype . is in the
herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. Mutis 1501 (S, US)
; can be separated
related species by
Figure 9Q~Aphdandra straminea Leonard {Haught 1750): a. Tip of stem including basal
portion of spike; t, tip of spike; c, bract; ti^bractlet; e, posterior caljrs: segment;/, one of the
anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; A, glandular area of bract; i, corolla, (a, b,
Half natural size; c-g, twice natural size; A, about 3 times natural size; natural
t, size.)
specific Stockholm
men
cm.
05. Aphelandra scolnikae Leonard, sp. nov, Figure
Frutex, caulibus teretibus, strigosis, pilis arete appressis; lamina
um
iiustata
dulata vel crenata, supra glabra vel subglabra, subtus aliquanto stri-
;
gosa, pilis brunnescentibus et arete appressis, costa et venis lateralibus

aliquanto prominentibus ; petioli breves, dense strigosi spicae plures,
;
terminales et subterminales, breviter pedunculatae, pedunculis mi-

nute strigosis, rhache albo-flocculoso-tomentosa bracteae rhombico-
;
ovatae, brunnescenti-aurantiacae (siccae), acutae, ciliolatae, intus

glabrae, extus strigosae (praeclpue in area mediana), ad margines
glabrae et siibhyalinae, costa et nervis lateralibus obscuris, areis
alveolatis brunneis; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae,
ellipticis,
carinatae, carina dense pubescente, pilis albescentibus, ascendentibus

calycis segmenta coriacea, striato-nervata, apice subacuta, segmentum
posterius oblongum, tenuiter pubescens (praecipue in area mediana),
igmenta anteriora et lateralia anguste oblonga, deorsum glabra, sur-
sum J
gnota
rotundatae, glabrae.
Shrubs up high stems woody, terete, upwardly strigose,
to 3 meters ;
the hairs closely appressed, about 0.25 mm. long leaf blades oblong-
;
ovate to elliptic, up to 14 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, short-acuminate

(the tip blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, sub-
coriaceous, undulate to crenate, the upper surface glabrous or nearly
mm
brownish
cm
densely strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm
terminal
cm, loner and 1.5 mm. diame m
nutely strigose, the rachis white-tomentose ; bracts rhombic-ovate, dry-
mi
acute, subtomentose at base, the medial region moderately strigose
(the hairs about 0.25 mm. long)the marginal region glabrous and
,
subhyaline, ciliolate, the inner surface glabrous, the costa and lateral
nerves Inconspicuous, the alveolar spot elliptic, about 1 mm. long and
0.5 mm. wide, brown ; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 9 mm. wide,
acuminate, carinate, the keel densely pubescent, the hairs whitish,
length; calyx 11 mm
gment oblong, 3.5 mm
pubescent, the hairs ascending, the anterior and lateral segments
narrowly oblong, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, glabrous toward base, minutely
puberulous toward tip, all the segments coriaceous, striate-nerved and
subacute at tip ; corollas not seen ovary glabrous capsules subclavate,
; ;
12 mm. long, about 4 mm. broad and 3 mm. thick, rounded at tip,
glabrous.
Type in the U. S. :N"ational Herbarium, No. 1954096, collected in
tamp woods below te divide, Santa Elena, along te road between

Medellhin and Eionegro, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 2,500
;
Scolnik
G. Orozco (No. 523). Also of this species are: Barldey,
liios &
Betancourt 618 (US)
near La Palmitas, Antioq .Too meters altitude, and Scolnih.
Barkley & PcTia 554 (US)
Boqueron de San Cristobal meters
5,1949,
Afhelandra scolnikaeprobably related to A. gldbrata.
is close A
examination of the specimens cited failed to reveal the least vestige
of a corolla. Yet "flores amarillo-rlarfls" pnn«tifnfp« n nni-f n-P flm
Figure 9l.—Aphelandra scolnikae Leonard {Barkley, Scolnik, & Orozco 523): a. Tip of plant;
b, bract; glandular area of bract consisting of numerous minute ocelli; d, bractlet; e,
c,
posterior calyx segment;/, one of the anterior segments;

g, one of the lateral segments!
{a, Half natural size; b, d-g, twice natural size; c, about
3 times natural size.)
data of the type sheet. The note that Barkley, Eios, and Bctancourt's
No. 618 had "flores rojas," may have applied to red bracts, which
were mistaken for corollas.
C6. Aphelandra sericophylla Leonard, sp. noy. Figure 92
Frutex, caulibus teretibus, dense strigosis, pilis brunnescentibus
lamina foliorum elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, subcoriacea, integra vel undulata, supra glabra
vel parce strigosa, subtus dense sericeo-pilosa, pilis albidis,
ascenden-
tibus, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto prominentibus;
petioii ali-
quanto breves, dense strigosi; spicae solitariae, subsessilcs, breves,
bracteis imbricatis, rhache tenuiter pilosa vel subtomentosa, pilis
labrae
tenuiter piibescentes, marginibus tenuiter ciliatis, costa et nervjs la-
teralibiis aliquanto prominentibus areolae alveolatae,

;
opacae, ellip-
ticae; bracteolae oblique lanceolatae, acuminatae, cariniitae, area

marginali glabra, striata, ciliata, carinadense et tenuiter pilosa, pilis
ascendentibus ; calycis segmenta coriacea, obsQure striata, dorso tenu-
sursum
ratis, Galium triangularem ferentibus, segmentum posterius anguste
bacutum
acuta, lateralia anguste lanceolata, acuta; corolla (immatura) papil-
arium irlabrum
Shrubs
ish, about 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic, up to 12 cm. long and
4 cm. ^Yide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base
and dccurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate, the
upper surface drying to dark olive-bro^vn, glabrous or sparingly

strigose, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa, the lower surface drying
to gray, densely and silky-pilose or subtomcntosc, the hairs whitish,
mm
conspicuous, more so beneath than above ;
petioles up to 1 cm. long,
densely strigose; spikes solitary, terminal, curved, subsessile, up to
6 cm. long and 8 mm. broad, the bracts rather closely imbricate, the
pilose or subtomentose, the hairs whitish ; bracts rhombic-
rachis finely
ovate, 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide at 2 mm. above base, obtuse, glabrous
or finely and sparingly pubescent dorsally, the margins finely ciliate,
nd lateral nerves rather prominent; alveolar area dull,
mm
mm
densely and finely pilose, the hairs ascending, up to 1 mn"i. long, whitish,
mm
mm
finely pubescent dorsally, the costa and lateral nerves obscure except
formi
mm
anterior segments obliquely lanceolate, 2 mm. wide, acute, the lateral
pair narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, acute; corolla (immature)

papillose ovary glabrous.
;
Type in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano, collected at Casas

Viejas, Limbo, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 100 meters
altitude, February 1858, by J. Triana (s. n.). Fragment of type in
the U. S. National Herbarium.
Lehmann's No. 5506 (K), collected in dense bush-woods on steep,
stony mountain slopes between Las Juntas and El Naranjo, on the
Kio Dagua, Andes west of Cali, Department of El Valle, 300 to 1,000
228609^53 10
—
meters altitude, is also of this species. Lehmann's field note is as fol-

lows: "Shrub up to 3 m. in height, with a candelabrum-shaped rami-
fication. Leaves dark green, shiny, fairly robust, Flowers light
blood-red."
Aplielandra sericophylla is close to A. glabrata^ differing chiefly in
the densely silky pilose lower surface of the leaf blades. The name
sericophylla is derived from the Greek (tvplkSs, silky, and <{}v\\ov, leaf.
Figure 92. Aphelandra seTicophylla Leonard {Triana s. n., Casas Viejas, Limbo): a, Tip of
stem; h, tip of leaf blade (upper surface); c, bract; d, glandular area showing numerous
minute ocelli; e, bractlet;/, posterior calyx segment; g, one of tlie anterior segments; h^
one of the lateral segments; i, pubescence of corolla tube (immature), (a, h, Half natural
size; c, e-h, twice natural size; d, about 3 times natural size; i, about 40 times natural size.)
G7. Aplielandra garciae Leonard, sp. nov. FiGtJEE 93
sum
amma
breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso vel rotmidato), basi angustata,
in petiolum decurrens, subniembranacea, supra glabra, minute alveo-
lata, subtus parce strigosa, costa et venis aliquanto dense strigosis,
pilis sordidis petioli breves, dense strigosi spicae terminales, soli-
; ;
tariae, subsessiles, rhache minute pilosa, pilis ascendentibus bracteae ;
rhombico-ovatae, apice rotundatae et subapiculatae, coccineac (vivae),

brunnescentes (siccae), intus glabrae, extus minute lepidotae, costa
et nervis prominentibus, marginibus subhyalinis et ciliolatis areola ;
elliptica, opaca, alveolata pro ocellis substituta ; bracteolae lanceolatae,
" -.
m
dense pilosa pilis brunnescentibus, ascendentibus; calycis segmenta
sursum deorsum glabra, striato-nervata, acuta (apice ipso ob-

pilosa,
tuso et minute apiciilato), segmentum posterius oblongo-ellipticum,
mm
ute hirsuta, intus strigosa, tubo subcylindrico, leviter curvato, labio
superiore erecto, elliptico, bilobato, lobis triangulari-ovatis, tenuiter
acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio patulo, ovato, acumi-
nate, lobis lateralibus parvis, triangularibus, apice obtusis, cum labio
superiore basi connatis; ovarium glabrum.
Shrub, up to 75 cm. high, slender, straight, the tips of the branches
densely strigose, the hairs sordid, about 0.5 mm. long, the lower por-
tions of the stems terete, glabrate, the lenticels minute, brown, corky,
inconspicuous leaf blades obovate or broadly oblanceolate, up to 30
;
g and 11.5 mm
base and decurrent on the petiole, submem
branaceous, entire or undulate, the upper surface drying to olive-
green, glabrous, minutely alveolate under lens, the costa and lateral
veins flat or slightly raised, barely conspicuous, the lower surface dry-
inp- to prrepn or lifrht olive-srreen. sDarinsrlv striiiose, the hairs sordid,
d
more
cm. loner, the pubescence similar
stem; spikes solitary, terminal, up to 22 cm. J
the peduncle barely 0.5 cm. long and 3.5 mm

strigose, the rachis minutely pilose, the hairs b;
rhombic-ovate, 12 mm. long, 8 mm

bapiculat
ing to yellowish brown, glabrous within, minutely scurfy without, the
costa and nerves prominent, the margins subhyaline, ciliolate except
toward base, the ocelli replaced by a dull elliptic faveolate area about
mm. JoniT and 1 mm
mm. loi
0.5 mm. long, light brown or whitish, ascending, the margins striate-
cm
long, elliptic, slightly over 5 mm.
wide, finely pilose toward tip, the
hairs whitish, subappressed, the anterior pair 4.5 mm. wide, the lateral
somew
or bearing a few hairs at tip, all of the segments acute (the tip itself
blunt, minutely apiculate) and ciliate corolla yellow, drying brown,
;
minutely hirsute, the hairs subappressed or ascending, some of them

as much as 0.5 mm. long, the tube slightly curved, 4 cm. long, 4 mm.
broad at base, narrowed to 3 mm. at 5 mm. above base, thence gradually
enlarged into a subcylindric throat 7 mm. broad at mouth, the upper
lip erect, elliptic, 15 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, bilobed, the lobes tri-
angular-ovate, about 8 mm. long, slenderly acuminate, the middle lobe
mm. long, about 7 mm. wide, acumi-

of the loAver lip spreading, ovate, 15
nate, strigose within, the hairs closely appressed, about 0.5 mm. long,
the lateral lobes triangular, about 4 mm. long, partly adnate to the
Figure 93.—Jphdandra garciaeLeonard {Kiltip & Garcia 33532) a, Tip of plant; h, alveolar
:
upper surface of leaf blade under strong lens; c, tip of leaf blade (lower surface); d, bract;
e, glandular area of bract; /, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; h, one of the anterior
segments; one of the lateral segments; ;, corolla; k, pubescence of corolla tube, {a, c.
i,
Half natural size; b, about 20 times natural size; d, f-i, twice natural size; e, about 4 times
natural size;;, natural size; k, about 16 times natural size.)
lower part of the upper lip, their free portions about 1.5 mm. long and
1 mm. wide, obtuse; ovary glabrous; stamens and capsules not seen.
in the
dense forest along the Quebrada Jellita, Bahia Solano, Department of
. ;;
Choco, Colombia, 50 to 100 meters altitude, February 22, 1939, by

E. P. Killip and Hernando Garcia-Barriga (No. 33532)
Aphelandra garciae is distinct from other species of the Aphelandra
fMlcherrhna-tetmgona complex in its yellow, minutely hirsute corollas
(at least the lower lip strigose within), and in the minutely pilose
rachis. Its closest relative is possibly A. hJandli.

Killip and Cuatrecasas' No. 39123, collected in dense tidal forest
banks of Quebrada Togoroma, Choco, June 13, 1944, is un-

along the
doubtedly of this species oven though the color of the corolla is noted
as red.
68. Aphelandra crenata Leonard, sp. nov. Figure iH
Frutex sursum
erectus, ctiulibus qmidrangularibus, glabris; lamina
f oliorum magna, oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata ( ? )
basi angus- ,
tata, in petiolum decurrens, submembranacea, valde crenata, utrinque

glabra vel subtus in costa et venis parce puberula ; spicae plures, termi-
nales, subsessiles, laterales pedunculatae, pcdunculis glabris vel parce
et minute strigosis, rhache glabra; bracteae coccineae (vivac), ovatae,
obtusae, ooriaceae, costa prominente, in mucrone minuto terminantes

areola elliptica opaca, alveolata, nigro-brunnescente pro ocellis substi-
tuta; bracteolae lanceolatae, falcattie, carinatae, subacutae, carina

dense hirsuta, pilis flavescentibus, ascendentibus, marginibus glabris,
subhyalinis, apice plus minusve ciliatae ; segmenta glabra, cili-

calycis
nffi strintn-riervflta. anice rotundata et mucronata, basi indurata, seg-
mentum posterius oblongum, anteriora anguste oblonga, lateralia lino-
ari-oblonga; corolla rosea, dense papillosa, tubo subcylindrico, labio
superiore erecto, elliptico, bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acutis, labio
inferiore trilobato, lobo medio elliptico, apice mucronato, recurvato,

lobis lateralibus parvis, ovatis, obtusis, cum labio superiore basi con-
natis ; stamina vix exserta, antheris basi acutis.
An erect soft-wooded shrub; stems quadrangular toward tip,
glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 40 cm. long and 13.5 cm.

wide, short-acuminate (?), narrowed at base and dccurrent on the
petiole, submembranaceous, prominently and irregularly crenate ex-
cept the narrowed basal portion, the upper surface drying olive-green,
glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (16 to 18 pairs) slightly raised,
scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying to grayish olive-green,
densely and minutely white-punctate under lens, glabrous or the costa
and lateral veins sparingly puberulous, the hairs appressed or spread-
ing; spikes several, up to 16 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, the terminal
ones subscsslle, the lateral borne on peduncles up to 3.5 cm. long,
these glabrous or sparingly and minutely strigose, the rachis glabrous
bracts coriaceous, scarlet {Haught) in live plants, drying to light
brown proximally. shading to blackish brown toward tip, glabrous,
ovate, 13 mm. long and 10 mm. wide, obtuse, the costa rather promi-
nent, ending in a minute mucro, the flanking nerves fairly prominent
except toward tip; ocelli replaced by elliptical, dull blackish brown
faveolate areas up to 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide bractlets lanceolate, ;
falcate, carinate, 10 mm. long, slightly over 3 mm. wide, acutish, the
costa and keel densely hirsute, the hairs vellowish, ascending, about
Figure 9i.—Aphelandra crenata Leonard {Haughi 1464): a. Basal portion of infiorescence;

h, node showing lower portion of leaf blade (lower surface); c, crenation of margin from
middle portion of leaf blade; d, bract; e, glandular area of bract;
/, bractlct; g, posterior
calyx segment; h, one of the anterior segments; i, one of the lateral segments;
;, corolla;
k, pubescence of corolla tube, {a-c. Half natural size; d, f-i, twice natural size; e, about
4 times natural size;/, natural size; k, about 20 times natural size.)
m
mm
the posterior segment oblong, slightly over 7 mm. wide, the anterior
segments narrowly oblong, 5 mm. wide, the lateral segments linear-
oblong, 3 mm. wide, all minutely scurfy within, glabrous and striate-
nerved without, ciliate, rounded and minutely mucronate at tip, in-
durate at base corollas rose, denselv papillose. 7 cm. lonn- from base
;
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, H 261
to tip of upper lip, 10 mm, broad at base, narrowed to 4 mm,

at 8
mm. above base, thence enlarged to a slightly curved subcylindric

throat, 7 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, about 23
mm. long and 9 mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes triangular, 9 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide, acute, the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading,
narrowly elliptic, 3 cm. long, 9 mm. wide, the submucrouate tip
slightly recurved, the lateral lobes about 1 cm. long, partly adnate to
the lower part of the upper lip, their free portions 2 mm. long and 1.6
mm. wide, rounded stamens exserted about 1 cm. beyond mouth of the
;
corolla tube, the anthers 1 cm. long, 1.6 mm. broad, acute at base,
blunt at tip ; capsules not seen.
Camp Zarzal, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, in the Magdalena
Valley, between the Sogamoso and Colorado rivers, Department of
Santander, Colombia, 100 to 500 meters altitude, December 15, 1934,
by Oscar Haught (No, 1464).
Idrobo and Schultes' No. 885, collected at Guapayita, Cordillera La
Macarena, Meta, 500 to 600 meters altitude, December 20-28, 1950, is

Aphelandra cfenata is related to A. hartweglaria^ differing in its
rose-colored corolla, densely hirsute keel of the bractlets, and its
rounded calyx segments. The specific name crenata alludes to the
strongly crenate margins of the leaf blades.
69* Aphelandra glabrata Nees
Aphelandra glahrata WUld* ex Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 296. 1847. Type col-
lected between FusagasugS and Pandi, Department of Cundinamarca, Colom-
bia, by Humboldt, Photograph of type material from the Berlin Herbarium
in the U. S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. photograph No. 8708).
Shrubsj or suffrutescent herbs, up to 2 meters high stems terete, erect

;
or ascending, sparingly branched, the tips densely and minutely stri-

gose, the hairs brownish, appressed, the lower portions of the stem
glabrate, the lenticels raised, corky, minute, orbicular to linear, the
larger barely more than 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades obovate to elliptic
or oblong or oblanceolate, 10 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 12 cm. wide, more or
less abruptly acuminate (the tip itself blunt, the apex often curved),
gradually narrowed to base, coriaceous, the upper surface drying olive
to dark brown, nitid, glabrous or the costa minutely hirsute or in
young leaves the entire surface hirsute, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long,
appressed or spreading, the costa and lateral veins, usually 10 to 12
pairs, flat or slightly raised, the lower surface drying light olive or
brow^n, the entire surface usually rather densely but minutely hirsute,
the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, appressed or ascending, brownish;
petioles (unwinged portion) up to 10 mm. long, the pubescence similar
to that of the stems; flowers borne in 1 to several terminal subsessile
( ;
spikes 4 to 15 cm. long or occasionally as much as 20 cm, long, the

nichis white-cottony; bracts red, closely imbricate, subrhombic, up
to 7 mm-
long and 5 mm, wide at 2.5 mm. above base, glabrous or softly
pubescent dorsally without, densely ciliolate, the costa and 2 or more
nerves on either side prominentj these flanked on either side by a flat,
elliptic, subpunctate glandular s^ôt about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm,
wide; bractlcts lanceolate, oblique, 7 mm. long, 1.5 nun. wide, acute,
carinate, the keel densely white-pilose, the hairs apprcsscd to ascend-
ing, the margins subhyaline, ciliate at tip, delicately striate-nerved
calyx 7.5 mm. long, glabrous, striate-nerved, the posterior segment i
mm. wide, obtuse, the anterior pair 2,25 mm, wide, tlie lateral pair 2
mm. wide, both pairs acute to obtuse; corollas 3.5 cm, long, briglit red,
glabrous, minutely punctate, the tube about 2.5 mm. broad at base,
narrowed at tip of ovary to 1.5 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 4 mm.
at mouth, the upper lip erect, 15 mm, long, about 7 mm. broad at base,
narrowed to a slender 2-lobed tip, the lobes 3.5 mm, long, 1 mm. wide
at base, slenderly acuminate, the middle lobe of the lower lip spread-
ing, lancc-elliptic, 4 mm, wide, obtuse at apex, conduplicate; capsules
glabrous, 13 mm. long, 4.5 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, sparingly and in-
conspicuously punctate mature seed not seen.
;
Aphelandra glabrata can be recognized and readily separated from

A. fulcliernnm by its smooth, albicant stems and glossy leaves, char-
acters which suggested the specific name. The flowering season ex-
tends from May through August. According to Killip, Dugand, and
Jaramillo (No, 38155), the entire inflorescence takes on a deep purple
color with age.
Woods and thickets, often along streams at various elevations rang-
ing from 100 to 2,200 meters. Apparently endemic in Colombia,
A^'TIOQ^JIA: Vicinity of Dabeiba, Johnson d Barldey 1SC.409 (US) Vrihe- ;
Urihc 1430 (Col), Uraba, llio Eama, between Dabeiba and Uraba, Urihe-Uribe
1517 (Col).
CuNDTNAMAHCA Along trail to Ana[)oima, east of Apulo, KUUp, Dugaml, d Jara-
:
ntillo 38155 (US). Fusagasuga, Hollon 595 (Ph, KY). Guaduas, Bro. Ariste-
Joseph 1019 (US). Between Guadiias and Alto do Aguaclara, at the Hacienda
ParamiUo, Garcla-Barriga 12358 (US). Narino, rercz-ArMUcz 417 (Col, US).
Paramos of Guasca, toward Gachet^, Bro. Ariste-Joseph s. n. (NY, US). La
Paila, Triana (Col). Qucbrada Carmargo, north of Apulo, Killip, Dugand, &
JaramiUo B82S1 (US).
El Vaixe: Call, Hcrrcra 944 (US). La Cumbre, Pennell 5G7G (Ph, NY, US),
Rio Dagna, KilUp 35586 (US) Lehmann a. n. (K).
;
IIuiLA East of Neiva, Rusby d Pennell 409 (US),

:
Touma: Angostura de Honda, An(Tr6 287 (K), Doima, Haught 2449 (US).
Honda, Bro. Aristc-Joseph A3G0 (US).
Depautment (?) Miitis 720 (US), 1504 (US) Triana s. n. (NY, US),
: ;
70. Aphelandra hodgei Leonard, sp, nov. Figure 95

SufFrutex, caulibiis glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice
breviter acuminata ?), basi angustataj in petiolum decurrens, Integra,
supra glabra, subtus parce et minute strigosa^ costa et venis later alibus
prominentibus petioli glabri; spica termiualis, solitaria, subsessilis,
;
rhaclie dense sericeo-pubescente, pilis albis; bracteae coccineae, ovatae,

obtusae, intus sursum pubcrulae, extus dorso puberulae, costa et venis
Jateralibus prominentibus; areola elliptica opaca alveolata pro ocellis
siibstituta ; anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae, carinataej
bracteolae
carina dense albo-pubescente, ciliatae, basi dentem ascendentem sub-
hyalinum f erentes ; segmenta acuta, cliartacea, striato-nervata,
calycis
fere glabra, apice piles raros minutes fercntia, segraentum posterius
angusto-ovatunij segmenta anteriora lanceolata, lateralia anguste
lanceolata corolla coccinea, minute papillosa, tubo subcylindrico, labio
;
posteriore ovato, apice bilobato, lobis anguste triangularibus, subulatis,

labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio elliptico, apice acuminato, lobis
Jateralibus triangularibus, obtusis, cum labio superiore basi connatis;
stamina vix exserta antlierae apice coliaerentes ovarium glabrum.
; ;
Suffretescent; stems glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to

30 cm. long and 10 cm. wide, acuminate( ?), narrowed at base and
dccurrent on the petiole, membranaceous, entire, glabrous above, the
lower surface bearijig a thin pubescence of inconspicuous, closely ap-
pressed, brownish, straight hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the costa and
lateral veins (12 or 13 pairs) prominent; petioles up to 4 cm. long,
glabrous; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, up to 13 cm. long and
1,5 cm. broad, the rhachis densely white-silky-pubescent, the hairs
straight, ascending, about 0.5 mm, long; bracts scarlet, ovate, 12 mm.
long and 8 mm. wide at 3 mm, above base, obtuse at apex, ciliolate, the
inner surface puberulous toward tip, the outer surface sparingly
puberulous on and near the costa, the hairs appressed and minute, the
costa and 3 pairs of lateral veins prominent, the ocelli replaced by
a small, opaque, oval, alveolar area up to 2 mm. long and 1 mm. wide;
bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 12 mm. long and 3 mm. wide at 3 mm.
above base, narrowed to a slender tip, carinate, the keel densely white-
pubescent, the hairs fine, ascending, about 0.5 mm. long, the inner
surface appressed-pubescent medially and toward tip, the margins
ciliate, bearing near base an ascending, subhyaline tooth about 1 mm.
long; calyx segments chartaceous, striate, bearing a few minute hairs
toward tip, otherwise glabrous, the posterior segment narrowly ovate,
13.5 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide at 3 mm. above base, the anterior segments
lanceolate, 13.5 mm. long and 3.25 mm. wide
above base, the
at 3 mm.
lateral pair narrowly lanceolate, carinate, 11 ram. long and 2.25 mm.
wide at 3 mm. above base, all acute and minutely apiculate at tip;
corolla 5 cm. long, scarlet, minutely papillate without, densely pilose
within at and near the attachment of the stamens, the hairs white,
ascending, about 0.75 mm. long, the tube 3 mm. broad at base, 4 mm.
broad at 4 mm. above base, then gradually narrowed to 3,5 mm. at 12
mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to 7 mm, at throat, the upper
—
lip ovate, 17 mm.

mm. wide at middle, bilobed at tip, the lobes
long, 10
narrowly triangular, 2 mm, long, 1 mm. wide at base, subulate at tip,
the lower lip S-lobcd, the middle lobe elliptic, 6 mm. wide at middle,
curved and acuminate at adhering in part to the
tip, the lateral lobes
upper lip, their free portions triangular, 1.25 mm. long, 1 mm. wide
at base, obtuse; stamens slightly exsertcd, almost reaching the tip oi*
the upper lip of the corolla, attached to the corolla tube at 6 mm. above
base, the filaments sparingly pilose toward base, the anthers 7 mm. long
and 1.5 mm. broad, their tips webby and slightly adhering; ovary
glabrous; capsules not seen.
Figure 95. Aphelandra liodgei Leonard {Hodge 6513): a^ Spike; h^ basal portion of leaf
(lower surface); c^ bract; d^ glandular area; e^ bractlet;/, posterior calyx segment; g^ one
of the anterior segments; A, one of the lateral segments; i, lower lip of corolla; jy upper lip;
^, pubescence of corolla tube; /, anther, (a, ^, Half natural size; i:,^, /-A, twice natural size;
d, about 4 times natural size; :, j, natural size; k^ about 20 times natural size; /, about lYi
Type in tlieGray Herbarium, collected Kio in forest along the

Carare, east of Puerto Berrio, Department
of Santander, Colombia,
300 to 400 meters altitude^ September 28, 1945, by W- H. Hodge
(No. 6513) Isotype in the herbarium of the Facultad de Agronomia,
•
Medellin, Colombia.
Aphelandra Tiodgei is related to A. Btraminca^^ also from Santander,
which has the same soft, silky pubescence on the rachis, the large,
oblong-elliptic leaf blades, these glabrous above and inconspicuously
LEONARD: THE Aa^NTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ 11 265
appressed-brown-liairy beneath, and firm, obtuse bracts \\'ith poorly

defined glandular areas. Aphelandra straminea differs, however, in
its much longer petioles and spikes. Peculiar, when compared with
other related species, is the pair of thin but well-formed teeth on the
inner margin of the bractlets near their base. Hodge states that the
species is a common forest herb.
The leaf blades of the material cited were so completely eaten by
insects that no description of their tips can be made.
71. Aphelandra longispica Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 96
Frutex, caulibus subteretibus, parce strigosis vel glabratis, pilis

minutis, sursum appressis; lamina foliorum ovato-elliptica, late ob-
lanceolata, apice acuminata vel siibacuminata (apice ipso subobtuso),
basi angustata, in petiolum decurrcns,membranacea, Integra vel un-
dulata, subnitida, glabra vel subtus pilos raros minutos appressos
ferens, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus ;
petioli aliquanto
breves, glabri vel parce et minute strigosi ; spicae 1 vel plures, termin-
ales, subsessiles, rhaclie albo-sericeo-pilosa, pilis gracilibus ; bracteae
arete appressae, quadrifariae, ovatae, obtusae, corlaceae, glabrae,
prominenter striato-nervatae, ciliolatae; areola elliptica, punctata pro
ocellis substituta ; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, carinatae, carina
dense sericeo-pilosa, pilis albis, ascendentibus, marginibus subhyalinae,
striato-nervatae, ciliatae; calycis segmentamembranacea, striato-ner-
vata, glabra, acuta vel subacuta, segmentum posterius ovatum, seg-
menta anteriora et lateralia lanceolata corolla rubra, minute et dense
;
papillosa, tubo subcylindrico, labio supcriore erecto, acuto, labio in-

feriore trilobato, lobo medio ovato, acuto, lobis lateralibus parvis,
rotundatis, cum labio suporiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserla;
capsulae subclavatae, apice rotundatae, glabrae, nitidae, deorsum
minute punctatae; retinacula apice cucullata.
Shrubs up to 1,5 meters high; stems subterete, sparingly strigose or
glabrate, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, upwardly appressed; leaf
blades ovate-elliptic or broadly oblanceolate, up to 20 cm, long and 8
cm. wide, acuminate or subacuminate (the tip itself subobtuse), nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire or undulate,
subnitid, glabrous or the lower surface bearing a few scattered, minute,
appressed hairs, the costa and lateral veins (10 tol2 pairs) prominent,
the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles (unwinged portion) 1 to 3
cm. long, glabrous or minutely and sparingly strigose, the channel
shallow; spikes 1 or several, terminal, subsessile, up to 30 cm* long
and 8 mm. broad, the rachis white-silky-pilose; bracts closely ap-
pressed, quadrifarious, ovate, 8 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, obtuse, coria-
ceous, glabrous, dull without, nitid within, prominently striate-nerved,
ciliolate, the ocelli represented by an elliptic, dull, punctate area about
1-5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 2
mm. "wide, acuminate, carinate, the keel densely silky-white-pilose,

the hairs ascending, 0,5 to 0,75 mm* long, the marginal area subhyaline,
striate-nerved, ciliate; calyx segments thin, striate-nerved, glabrous,
the posterior segment 8.5 nun. long and 4 mm, Avide, subacute, the
Figure 96.Âphdandfa longispica Leonard {KilHp, Dugand^ & Jaramillo 38346): a, Tip of
plant showing leaves and lower half of spike; J, tip of spike; c^ bract; d^ a glandular area of
bract; e, bractlet;/, posterior calyx segment; one of the anterior segments; h^ one of the
g^
lateral segments; i, lower lip of corolla; j, upper lip; k^ pubescence or roughening of the
corolla tube; /, capsule, the dots representing puncta. (a, b, Half natural size; c, e^f-h,
twice natural size; dy 4 times natural size; i^ /, /, natural size; k, about 10 times natural
size.)
anterior pair lanceolate, 8 mm, long, 2.5 mm, wide, acute, the inner
pair lanceolate, 2 mm.
wide, acute, subfalcate and subcarinate; corolla
red, minutely and densely papillose, 5 mm. broad at base, narrowed at
tip of ovary to 3 mm. then abruptly enlarged to 5 mm. and thence grad-
ually to 6 mm. near mouth of tube, the upper lip erect, ovate, about
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBlAj II 267
13 mm. long and 10 mm.

wide, acute, the lower lip sprcading( ?),
ovate, about 15 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, acute, the lateral lobes small,
partly attached to upper lip, their free portions about 1.5 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide, rounded; stamens reaching tip of upper lip;
capsules subclavate, about 15 mm. long and 4 mm. in diameter, blunt
at tip, glabrous, nitid, minutely punctate toward base; retinacula 3

mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, cucullate at tip ; seed not seen.
Type Herbarium, No. 1855858, collected along
the Quebrada Cabana, Hacienda El Cucharo, between Tocaima and
Colombia
d K. Jaramillo
(No. 3834G). Mutis' No. 1502 (US, 1562329), collected in Colombia,
is also this species.
Aphelandra longispica closely resembles A. straminea in many re-
spects, e. g. in the size and shape of the spikes, the numerous minute
papillae covering the corolla, and the glabrous capsules minutely
punctate toward base. The corollas, however, of A. longispica are
red instead of stramineous, the leaf blades prevailingly smaller (up to
20 cm. long instead of 30 cm.), and the petioles much shorter (un-
winged portion up to 3 instead of 12 cm.). The upper lip of the
corolla of A. longispica, moreover, seems to be entire, instead of bilobed
as in ^. straminea.
72. Aphelandra blandii Lindau
Aphelandra Uandii Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5 650. 1897, Type collected at
:
Santa Fe do Bogota, Colombia, by Bland, and deposited in the Berlin Her-

barium. Photographs of the type in the U. S. National Herbarium (Field
Copenhagen Herbarium No. 22154)
Suff
strigose, the hairs upwardly appressed, about long leaf blades
0.5 mm. ;
oblong-ovate, 15 to 25 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm. wide, acuminate at apex,

more or less abruptly narrowed at base into a broadly winged petiole,
entire or shallowly crenate, the upper surface drying dull green,

glabrous, the lower surface drying light green, glabrous except the
costa and lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs), these sparingly pubescent;
petioles (unwinged portion) about 1 cm. long, strigose; spikes one to
several, terminal and axillary, 5 to 17 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, the
rachis glabrous; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 12 mm. long,
4 to 5 mm. wide, acute to acuminate, prominently 3-nerved, glabrous,
ciliate,the ocelli replaced by dull, elliptical, alveolate areas up to 2
mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, 8 to 10 mm. long,
1.5 to 2 mm. wide, carinate, the keel pubescent, the hairs whitish,
ascending, about 0.5 mm. long calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 15
;
to 16 mm. long, 2 to 3.5 mm. wide, acute to acuminate and more or less
apiculate, striate-nerved, glabrous ; corolla up to 7 cm. long, minutely
nn.-nilloRp,. rftd. t.hft tube un to 5 cm. loner. 3 mm. broad at base, 5 mm.
broad at mouth, the upper lip oblong, ovate, erect, 23 mm. long, 5 mm.
wide at base, 2-lobed at apex, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 8 mm.
long, 3 mm. wide at base, the lower lip more or less spreading, 3-lobed,
the middle lobe oblong, about 25 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, obtuse and
apiculate, the lateral lobes oblong, about 5 mm, long and 2 mm, wide,
subacute, adnate in part to the base of the upper lip; stamens barely
reaching tip of upper lip, the anthers slender, about 7 mm. long and
1 mm. broad, glabrous; ovary 3 mm. long, glabrous; style about 5.5
cm. long; capsules subclavate, 15 mm. long, 6 mm, broad, 3 mm. thick,
obtuse at tip and apiculate, glabrous, minutely and inconspicuously
punctate retinacula linear, 3 mm, long and 0.5 mm. broad, subcucuUate
;
at tip; seeds brown, flat, 4 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, 1 mm, thick, gla-
brous, the margins thin.
Lindau, comparing ApTielandra hlandii with A. hartioegiana^ states
that A. hlandii differs from that species by having acuminate bracts
and calyx lobes and pubescent bractlets. He suggests also a relation-
ship with A, glabrata^ a species with a shorter calyx and a densely
pubescent rachis.
Araque & Barkley's No. 19An,032 was collected in rich soil of a
previously wooded mountain area at 2,700 meters altitude.
AntioqtjiaEast of Bolivar, Araque & Barldcy lOAn.032 (US)
: , Jerlc6, Daniel
&Tomds2ri89 (GH, US).
73. Aphelandra lingua-bovis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 97
Suffrutex parvus, caulibus sursura subquadrangularibus, dense et

minute strigosis, pilis sursum appressis, sordidis, deorsum teretibus,
glabratis; lamina foliorum elliptica vol late oblanceolata, acuminata,
basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, subchartacea, Integra vel un-
dulata, supra glabra (vel folia novella supra parce strigosa), subtus
minute et tenuiter strigosa, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto incon-
spicuis; petioli strigosi; spicae solitariae vel plures, terminales, sub-
sessiles, rhache glabra; bracteae rubrae (vivae), rliorabico-ovatae
subobtusae, mucronatae, glabrae vel apice pilos raros minutos feren-
teSj cillatae, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus areola elliptica
;
opaca brunnea alveolata pro ocellis substituta; bracteolae lanceolatae,

acuminatae, carina hirsutaj pilis ascendentibus calycis segmcnta stri-
;
ato-nervata, segmentum posterius oblongo-lanceolatum, acutum, dor-

so strigosum, anteriora et lateralia anguste oblonga, acuta vel acumi-
nata, glabra, apice ciliata; corolla rubra vel lutea, puberula, tubo
subcylindrico, leviter curvato, labio superiore erecto, elliptico, bilo-
bato, lobis triangularibus, acutis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio
lanceolato, acuto, lobis lateralibus parvis, triangularibus, acutis, cum
labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, antlieris apice api-
culatis, flocculoso-pilosis, basi apiculatis.
Small shrubs; stems simple or sparingly branched, terete or sub-

quadrangular toward tipj densely and minutely strigose, the hairs
upwardly appressed, sordid, 0.5 mm* long or less, the lower portions
of the stems terete, glabrate, the lenticels corky, oval to linear, up to
2 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic, oblong or broadly oblanceolate, up to
36 cm. long and 14,5 cm. wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed to
base and decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous, entire or undulate,
the upper surface drying to green or olive, glabrous or the younger
leaves sparingly strigose, the hairs 0.5 mm. long, the costa and lateral
veins (14 to 20 pairs) flat or slightly raised, fairly conspicuous, the
lower surface drying to a somewhat lighter shade than the upper,
finely and minutely strigose, the hairs appressed or a few of them
spreading, about 0.25 mm. long, densest on costa and veins, these
raised and fairly conspicuous; petioles (unwinged portion) up to 3
cm. long, the pubescence that of the stems; spikes solitary or several,
terminal, up to 15 cm, long and 1.5 cm. broad, the peduncles about 5
mm. long, strigose, the rachis glabrous; bracts bright red (living),
drying to brownish red, rhombic- ovate, 1.5 cm. long, 9 mm. wide, ob-
tusish, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs toward tip, minutely
and sparingly scurfy without, the costa prominent and excurrent,
ending in a minute mucro, the lateral nerves rather prominent, reticu-
lately anastomosing toward tip, the margins ciliolate, the hairs about
0,25 mm. long, the ocelli replaced by dull brown, alveolar, elliptic areas
up to 3 mm. long and 1 mm, wide; bractlets lanceolate, 15 mm. long,
3 mm. wide, acuminate, the keel hirsute, the hairs ascending, up to
0.75 mm. long; calyx 18 mm. long, the posterior segment oblong-lan-
ceolate, 5 mm. wide, appressed hirsute dorsally, acute, the anterior
pair narrowly oblong, about 3 mm. wide, the lateral pair slightly
narrower than the anterior, both pairs glabrous, acute to acuminate,
ciliate at tip, all 5 segments delicately striate-nerved; corolla 5.5 to
6 cm. long, bright red (''Chinese-red," ArcTier)^ or reddish yellow
("rojas-amarillas," von Sneidern)^ puberulous, the tube subcylindric,
slightly curved, 3.5 mm. broad at base, 6 mm. broad at mouth, the
upper lip erect, elliptic, 16 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, the lobes triangular,
4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at base, slenderly acute, the middle lobe of the
lower lip lanceolate, 18 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, acute, the lateral lobes
4 mm. long, partly adnate to lower part of upper lip, the free portions
triangular, about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, acute; stamens slightly
exserted, the anthers 6 mm. long and 1 mm. broad at base, apiculate
at both ends, webby-pilose at tip; capsules not seen.
La Concepcion, 15 kilometers east of Quibdo, Department of Choco,
Colombia, 75 meters altitude, April 30, 1931, by W, A, Archer
(No. 2012).
—
Antioquia: Villa Arteaga, 150 meters altitude, August 4-8, 1947, Ilodge 7012
(US).
Caldas: Santa Cecilia, 800 meters altitude, November 30, 1945, von Sneidern
50S0 (US),
The between Aphelandra lingua-'bovis and A, garciae is

affinity
close, A. lingua-hovis differs, howeverj in its bright red or reddish
yellow, finely puberiilous corollas and strictly glabrous rachis. In
A, garciae tlie rachis is finely pilose and corolla yellow and hirsute.
Figure 97. Aphelandra lingua-hovis Leonard {Ârcher 2012): a, Inflorescence; by node and
leaf; f, bract; d^ glandular area of bract; e, bractlct;/, posterior calyx segment; g^ one of
the anterior segments; h, one of the lateral segments; 2, upper lip of corolla; /, lower lip;
k, pubescence of corolla tube, (a, by Half natural size; r, e-j^ natural size; J, about twice
natural size; k^ about 18 times natural size.)
According to Arclier tlie species is fairly common between La Oveja

and Quibdo and produces "Chinese red" spikes of bright red corollas-
Tlie name lingua-hovis was suggested by its common name '^lengua de
vaca'' (Archer 2012). The allusion of the common name is obscure,
although it may possibly refer to a fancied similarity of the shape of
the leaf blades to that of a cow's tongue,
74. Aphelandra fernandezii Leonard, sp. uov. Figure 98
Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum dense et minute stri-

gosis, pilis arete adpressis lamina foliorum elliptica vel late oblongo-
;
LEONARD; THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, H 271
acuminata Tapice saepe curvata), basi

glabra
minute
pressis, praecipue in costa et venisprominentibus positis petioli crassi, ;
dense hirtelli; spicae terminales, solitariae, subsessilcs, rhache glabra;

bracteae rhombico-ovataej imbricatae, subacutae, glabrae, prope api-
com ciliatae, costa et nervis lateralibus prominentibus, venulis prope
margines aliquanto crasse reticulatis, ocellis multiSj minutis bracteolae
;
lineares, acuminatae, striatae, apice parce hirtellae ; calycis segmenta

subaequalia, glabra vel apice parce ciliata, striata,segmentum pos-
terius oblongo-ellipticum, apice truncatum, emarginatum et apicula-
tum, anteriora lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, lateralia anguste lanceo-
lata, acuminata; corolla coccinea ( ?), puberula, labio superiore erecto,
ovato, apice bilobato, lobis triangularibus, labio inferiore lobata, lobo
medio patulo vel reflexo, anguste ovato, obtuso, lobis lateralibus par-
vis, apice rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix
exserta, antheris basi acutis, apice subobtusis, dorso pilosis, filaraentis
triquetris, glabris vel angulis basi asperulis; ovarium glabrum; cap-
sulae ignotae.
Herbs up meter high stems subquadrangular, at least the upper
to 1 ;
portions densely and minutely gray strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm,
long, closely appressed; loaf blades oblong-elliptic or broadly oblong-
lanceolate, up to 32 cm. long and 10.6 cm. wide at or slightly above
middle, acuminate (the tip often curved), narrowed at base and de-
current on the petiole, membranaceous, entire or shallowly crenate,
drying olive-green, the lower surface a lighter and a deeper greenish
shade than the upper, the upper surface glabrous, minutely alveolate
under a lens, the lower surface sparingly hirtellous, the hairs about
275 fM long, ascending or subappressed and confined chiefly to costa
and lateral veins (9 to 11 pairs), these prominent on both surfaces;
petioles stout, 2 cm, long, densely gray-hirtellous, the hairs similar
stems
from
hombic-ovate, up to 26 mm
long and IG mm. wide (the lowermost sterile ones much smaller), sub-
prom
inent, the veinlets obscurely and rather coarsely reticulate toward
mm
ocelli 50 /x in diameter, very numerous; bractlets linear, 13 mm. long,
2.25 mm. wide, acuminate, striate, sparingly hirtellous dorsally but
more so at tip, the hairs ascending, up to 0.5 mm, long; calyx segments
subequal, 23.5 mm. long, glabrous or ciliate at tip, coriaceous, striate,
mm
cmarginate and apiculate at tip, the anterior segments linear-lanceo-
228609—53 11
late, 3mm. wide, acuminate, the lateral segments narrowly lanceolate,

2.5 mm. wide, acuminate; corolla about 6 cm. long, puberulous, the
hairs 125 /* long, the tube 6 mm. broad at throat, the upper lip ovate, 23
mm. long, about 12 mm. wide, bilobate at tip, the lobes triangular, 5
mm. long and S mm. wide at base, acute, the lower lip spreading or
reflexed, the middle lobe narrowly ovate, about 23 mm. long and 8 mm.
wide near base, obtuse, the lateral lobes narrowly oval, 1.5 mm. wide,
rounded at tip, adnate in part to the
upper lip, their free portions 1.5
mm. long; stamens reaching notch of upper lip, the anthers 1 cm. long,
Figure 9%.—Aphddndra fernandezii Leonard {Fernandez 254): Tip of plant; h, tip of

a.
leaf blade (upper surface); c, bract; d, one of the alveolar spots on bract (composed of
numerous minute ocelli); bractlet; /, posterior calyx segment; g,
e, one of the anterior
segments; h, one of the lateral segments; i, pubescence of corolla, {a, b, Half natural size;
c,j-h, natural size; d, 3 times natural size; e, twice natural size; i, 15 times natural size.)
pilosulous, the filaments

ise minutely roughened;
ovary glabrous mature capsules not seen.
;
U,
Utria, Depai-tment of Choco, Colombia
6, 1950, by A. Fernandez (No. 254).
Aphelandra fernandezii a well-marked species characterized by
is
its large, red, rhombic-ovate bracts and narrow calyx segments.
As
indicated by the nature of the corolla lobes, it is one of the pulcher-
rima-tetragona group.
75. Aphelandra chaponensis Leonard, sp. nov, Figube 99
Suffrutex, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, minute strigosis,

pilis arete et sursum appressis, lamina foliorum oblong-el-
sorclidis;
liptica vel late oblanceolata, acutae vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso
subobtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrenSj submembranacea,
Integra vel undulata, supra parce et minute strigosa, pilis praecipue
in costa et venis positis, subtus aliquanto parce et minute strigosa;
spicae 1 vel plures, terminales vel subtenninales, pedunculo aliquanto
brevi, minute rhache glabra vel parce pubescente; bracteae
strigoso,
rhombico-ovatae, subobtusae vel subacutae, intus nitidae, extus opacae,
glabrae (infima parce strigosa), marginibus subhyalinis, ciliolatis,
costa et nervis lateralibus prominentibus areola elliptica, opaca, punc-
;
tata pro ocellis substituta bracteolae lanceolatae, subfalcatae, obliquae,

;
striato-nervatae, carinatae, carina liirtellaj pilis ascendentibus, sor-

didis, marginibus glabris et subhyalinis calycis segmenta obtusa, plus
;
minusve apiculata^ striato-nervataj sursum hirtella et ciliolata, deor-

sum glabra, segmentum posterius ovatum, anteriora oblongo-lanceo-
lata, lateralia aliquanto anguste lanceolata; corolla rubra, papillosa,
tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore ovato, bilobato, lobis anguste tri-
angularibus, acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio ovato,
acuto, sursum apice carinato, lobis lateralibus ellipticis, rotundatis,
cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta.
Suffrutescent herbs up to 3 meters higli or more; stems (upper
portions) subquadrangular, minutely strigose, the hairs closely and
upwardly appressed, sordid, about 0.25 mm, long; leaf blades oblong-
elliptic orbroadly oblanceolate, 25 to 30 cm. long, up to 12.5 mm. wide,
acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, the
upper surface drying olive-green, sparingly and minutely strigose, the
hairs less than 0.25 mm. long, closely appressed and confined chiefly to
costa and lateral veins (14 to 16 pairs), both costa and veins flat or
slightly raised, inconspicuous, the lower surface drying a dull brown-
ish green, the pubescence that of the upper surface but denser and more
evenly distributed, the costa and veins slightly raised, more conspicu-
ous than above; petioles up to 5 cm. long, the pubescence that of the
costa; spikes 1 to several, terminal and subterminal, up to 12 cm. long
and 10 to 15 mm. broad, the peduncles up to 12 mm.
long and 4 mm.
thick, the pubeênce that of the stem, the rachis glabrous or bearing
a few slender hairs 0,25 to 0,5 mm, long; bracts rhombicôvate, 12 mm.
long, 10 mm, wide, subobtuse to subacute, nitid within, dull, glabrous
and minutely roughened without (the lowermost sparingly strigose),
the margins subhyaline and ciliolate, the costa prominent to tip of
bract but scarcely excurrent, the lateral nerves prominent except
toward tip, the ocelli replaced by dull pitted areas up to 1.5 mm, long
and 1 mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, 11 mm, long and 2.5 mm. wide,
siibfalcate and oblique, striate-nerved, carinate, the keel hirtellous, the
hairs ascending, sordid, about 0.5 mm. long, gradually diminishing in
length and number to the glabrous subhyaline margins, the inner sur-
face sillrjr-hirtellous to^yard tip, glabrous toward base; calyx up to 12
mm* long, the posterior segment ovate, 6 mm. wide, the anterior pair
Figure 99.Âphdandra chaponensis Leonard {Lawrance 18): a, Tip of plant; b, tip of leaf
blade (lower surface); c, basal portion of leaf blade (lower surface); d, bract; e, glandular
area of bract;/, bractlet; gy posterior calyx segment; h,one of the anterior segments; i, one
of the lateral segments; ;, tip of corolla; k, pubescence of corolla tube (most of the hairs
broken), {a, b, c, Half natural size; d,f-j, natural size; f, twice natural she; k, about 20
oblong-lanceolate, 3,5 mm. wide, the lateral pair more narrowly

lanceolate, 3 mm.
wide, all obtuse, more or less apiculate, finely striate-
nerved, minutely hirsute and ciliolate toward tip, glabrous toward
base; corolla 4 cm. long, red, papillose-puberulous, the upper lip erect,
ovate, 1 cm. long, 7.5 mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes narrowly
mm
long, 2 mm. wide at base, acuminate, the middle
lobe of the lower lip ovate, 11 mm. long and G mm. wide, acuminate,
mm
wide, adnate in part to tlie upper lip of corolla, the free portions about
mm. loiiii and broad, rounded: stamens

mm. broad
obtuse; capsules not seen.
U. S. National Her
Chap
Colombia, "3,500 ft." altitude, May 8, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance (No.
18) . Mutis' No. 1509 is also this species.
Aphelandra chaponensis is characterized by relatively small corollas,

their lips much shorter and relatively broader than is usual in other
species of the A. pulcherrima-tetragona complex. The leaf blades of
this new species and those of A. lingua-lovis are very similar. The
latter species, however, has a calyx more than twice as large, the seg-
ments of which are noticeably acute rather than obtuse.
76. Aphelandra pharangophila Leonard, sp. nov. Figuee 100
Herba magna, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, strigosis, pilis

sursum appressis lamina f oliorum
; oblanceolata, apice acuta vel acu-
minata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, Integra vel undulata,
supra glabra vel subglabra, costa aliquando parce et minute strigosa,
subtus aliquanto dense strigosa, pilis brunnescentibus petioli ;
breves, aliquanto dense strigosi spicae solitariae,

; terminales, parvae,
subsessiles, rhache glabra vel prope insertioncm bractearum pilosa,
pilis brunnescentibus ; bracteae ovatae, apice rotundatae, intus glabrae,

mediana"! : bracteae
ma
substituta
oblique lanceolatae, acuminatae, carinatac, carina apice dense hirsuta,
mar
tiliter striatis ; calycis segmenta subtiliter striata, apice parce pilosa,
deorsum glabra, segmentum posterius ovatum, acutum, anteriora
lanceolata, acuta, lateralia anguste lanceolata, tenuiter acuminata ; co-
rolla coccinea, minute papillosa, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore
erecto, ovato, apice bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acuminatis, labio
inferiore trilobato, lobo medio patulo, anguste ovato, acuminato, lobis
lateralibus triangularibus, apice rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi
connatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris parvis (4 mm. longis), basi

rotundatis, apiculatis ovarium glabrum.;
Herbs, about 1.5 meters high stems subquadr angular,

; strigose, the
hairs upwardly appressed, brownish, 0.5 mm

cm
cm. wide, acute to acuminate
margins
entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or nearly so, the costa
sometimes bearinir a few small appressed hairs, the lower surface rather
— ;
276 COXTRIBUTIOXS FROM THE XATIOXAL HERBARIUM
densely pilose, the hairs brownish, appressccl to ascending, about 0.5

ram. long; petioles about 1 cm. long, rather densely strigose, the hairs
resembling those of the stem; spikes solitary, terminal, 3.5 to 10 cm.
long, the peduncle 4 mm. long, densely strigose, the rachis glabrous
or densely brownish pilose at and near insertion of the bracts, these
ovate, 7 to 9 mm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, rounded at tip, glabrous within,
densely brownish strigose without, the hairs borne medially for the
most part (except the lowermost, these evenly disposed on the outer
surface) , the margins ciliate, the hairs 0.25 mm. long, spreading, the
ocelli replaced by elliptic, dark brown, alveolate areas up to 1.25 mm.
Figure 100. Afhelandra pharangophila Leonard {Killip 5676): a. Tip of plant; h, bract;
c, glandular area of bract; d, bractlet; e, posterior calyx segment;/, one of the anterior
segments; one of the lateral segments; h, upper lip of corolla;
g, i, lower lip of corolla;
;, pubescence of outer surface of lower lip of corolla; k, anther, {a, Half natural size;
b, d-g, twice natural size; c, 4 times natural size; h, i, slightly over natural size; ;', about 22
times natural size; k, 2% times natural size.)
long and 0.75 mm. wide; bractlets narrowly and obliquely lanceolate,
7 ram. long, 1 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender
tip, carinate, the tip of keel densely hirsute, the hairs brownish, as-
cending, 0.5 mm. long, the margins thin, glabrous and delicately striate
posterior segment of the calyx ovate, 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, acute,
the anterior lobes lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, acute, the lateral
lobes narrowly lanceolate, 6.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, slenderly
acute, all of the segments finely striate, glabrous except at tips, here
sparingly pilose, the hairs 0.5 mm. long; corolla 5.5 cm. long, bright
rod, minutely papillose, 3 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm. above
base to 2 mm., thence enlarged to about 8 mm. at throat, the upper lip
. . ;
erect, ovate,about 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, bilobate at tip, the lobe
triangular and slenderly acuminate, about 3 mm. long, the middl
lobe of the lower lip narrowly ovate, about 2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide nea
middle, slenderly acuminate at tip, the lateral lobes adhering to th
lower part of the upper lip, their free portions triangular, 1.5 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide at base, rounded at tip; stamens about 5 cm. long,
the filaments glabrous toward tip, retrorsely pilose toward base, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the anthers 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide,
rounded and minutely apiculate at base; ovary glabrous; style about
as long as the stamens ( ? ) ; capsule not seen.
Type Gray Herbarium, collected in wooded ravine at La
in the
Cumbre, Department of El Valle, Colombia, 1,600 to 1,800 meters
altitude, May 14-19, 1922, by E. P. Killip (No. 5676)
Cauca: Aganche, Lehmann B. T. 1165 (K, NT).

Touma: La Trinidad, LIbano, Pennell 3320 (NY). Quindio, Triatia s. n. (Col).
Without definite locautt Triana : s. n. ( NT )
Aphelandra fharangopMla probably related to A. tahorensls

is
Leonard, agreeing rather closely in general appearance, in the size,

shape, and pubescence of the leaf blades and in the color, texture and
size of the corollas. The spikes of A. taborensis are, however, much
more robust, the bracts being fully 10 mm. long and 7.5 mm. wide and
their entire outer surface is densely and softly pubescent. The specific
name is from the Greek ((>apay^, ravine, and 4>iX ew, to love.
77. Aphelandra arborescens Leonard, sp. nov. Figtire 101
Frutex vel arbor parva, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, dense

pilosis, pilis brunnescentibus, sursum appressis vel ascendentibus, deor-
sum glabratis lamina f oliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuminata, basi an-
;
gustata, in petiolum decurrens, subchartacea, undulata vel integra,

supra glabra vel costa et venis lat«ralibus plus minusve strigosa, subtus
tenuiter pubescens, pilis parvis patulis vel ascendentibus, costa et venis
prominentibus petioli strigosi spicae 1 vel plures, terminales, breviter
;
;
pedunculatae, pedunculis et rhache pubescentibus, pilis appressis vel

ascendentibus vel patulis, brunneis; bracteae coccineae, rhombicae,
obtusae vel subacutae, dorso strigosae, marginibus ciliatis, glabris;
areola opaca alveolata pro ocellis substituta; bracteolae lanccolatae,
acumlnatae, carinatae, dorso dense pubescentes, marginibus tcnuibus,
glabris; calycis segmenta subacuta, striate -nervata, sursum puberula;
corolla coccinea, papillosa, tubo aliquanto angustato, labio superiore
erecto, oblongo, bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acutis, apice curvatis,
labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio oblongo, apice obtuso, lobis lat-
eralibus parvis, apice rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi connatis;
stamina vix exserta, filamentis glabris, antheris dorso parce pilosis
ovarium glabrum.
Shrubs or small trees up to 5 meters high stems glabrate below, the ;
tips densely pilose, the hairs brownish, barely 0.5 mm. long, upwardly
appressed or ascending; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 25 cm. long
and 8.5 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed from about middle to base and
decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous, undulate or entire, the upper
Figure 10\.~ J phelandra arhorescens Leonard {Cuatrecasas 15400): a, Tip of stem showing
leaves and inflorescence; b, basal portion of leaf blade (lower surface) c, bract; d, glandular ;
area of bract; e, bractlet;/, posterior calyx segment; g,one of the anterior segments; h, one
of the lateral segments; i, upper lip of the corolla;;, lower lip; k, pubescence of corolla tube
(most of the hairs broken); /, anther, (a, b, Half natural size; c, e-k, twice natural size;
d, 4 times natural size; i, j, natural size; k, about 25 times natural size; /, about 3 times
natural size.)
surface drying dull green, glabrous or the costa and veins (13 to 15
pairs) more or less strigose, obscure, the lower surface drying yellow-
ish, finely pubescent, the hairs barely 0.5 mm. long, yellowish, spread-
ing or ascending, the costa and veins prominent; petioles (un winged
portion) 5 to 20 mm. long, strigose; spikes 1 to several, short-peduncu-
cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, the peduncles 5 to 20 mm. long,
late, 6 to 9
the pubescence that of the branchlets, the rachis rather sparingly pu-
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIAj II 279
bescent, the hairs barely 0.5 mm. long, more or less spreading, brown-
ish; bracts carmine, rhombic, 1 cm. long, 5 mm. wide about the middle,
glabrous except medially, here finely and thinly strigose, the margins
ciliolate; ocelli replaced by an opaque, alveolar, brown, elliptic, more or
less irregular area mm. long and 0.75 to 1 mm. wide; bract-
about 1,25
lets lanceolate, 6.5 mm, long, 1.75 mm. wide near base, acuminate, cari-
nate, densely pubescent dorsally, the hairs ascending, about 0.5 mm.
long, the margins thin, glabrous calyx 9 mm. long, the posterior seg-
;
ment oblong, 4 mm. wide, the anterior segments lanceolate, 2 mm. wide,
the lateral pair narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm* wide, all acutish, striate,
puberulous toward tip, otherwise glabrous; corolla carmine, minutely
papillose or bearing distally numerous microscopic spinelike hairs,
the tube 5.3 cm. long, 3.5 mm, broad near base, constricted to 2.5 mm.
at tip of ovary, thence gradually enlarged to about 7 mm. at mouth, the
lips erect or slightly spreading, the upper lip oblong, 15 mm. long,
about 5 mm, wide, bilobed, the lobes triangular, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
wide at base, acute, the tips outwardly curved, the middle lobe of the
lower lip oblong, 15 mm. long, G mm. wide, rounded at tip, the lateral
lobes triangular, 5 mm. long, the upper margin partly adhering to the
upper lip, rounded at tip ; stamens reaching the notch of the upper lip,
the filaments glabrous, the anthers barely 5 mm. long, sparingly pilose
dorsally, loosely adhering at tip; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
woods at La Laguna, on the left bank of the Rio Sanguinini, Depart-
ment of El Valie, Colombia, 1,250 to 1,400 meters altitude, December
10-20, 1943, by J. Cuatrecasas (No, 15400).
Caldas: Thicket along stream east of Bel6n, 1,500 to IJOO meters aUitude,
September 15, 1922, Pennell 10624 (GH).
EuL Valle; Rio Cauca, August 10, 1930, Dryander 681 (US). Junction of the
Pichincleeito and Pichind^ rivers, 1,580 to 1,650 meters altitude, November 7,
1044, Cuatrecasas 18751 (Ch).
Distinguisliing marks of Aphelandra arborescens are the brownish,

more or spreading hairs of the rachis, the finely strigose dorsal
less
region of the bracts, the almost softly pubescent undersurface of the
leaf blades, the hairs spreading or ascending, and the dull, irregular,
alveolar areas replacing ocelli.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES
Aphelandra flava Neos
Aphelandra flava Noes in DC. Prodr. 11: 297. 1847. Type coHected at Alto do
Limba, Colombia, by Goudot and deposited in the Hooker Herbarium, Kew.
Fruticose stems loosely pilose toward tip leaf blades oblong, up to

; ;
23 cm. long and 7.5 cm, wide, sharply acuminate, acute at base and
long-decurrent on tlie petiole, the upper surface sparingly pubescent,
the lower densely and softly so; petioles 5 to 7,5 cm. long; spikes ob-
long, terminal, up to 7.5 cm. long, short-pedunculate ; bracts oblong-

ovate, 33 mm. long, acuminate, diying pale, striate-ncrved, softly
viscid-pubescent; bractlets plumose-ciliate, narrow; calyx segments
subulate-acuminate, shorter than the bracts, plumose-ciliate at tip;
corolla yellow, ringent, up to 33 mm, long, finely pubescent, the upper
lip acuminate, the middle lobe of the lower lip oblong, obtuse, the
lateral lobes much shorter, lanceolate, free.
No specimens seen. Description compiled from the originaL
Aphelandra flava resembles in many aspects A. aristei but differs
in the viscid pubescence of the bracts,
Aphelandra mclgaricnsis Nee^

Aphelandra melgaricnsis Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 297. 1847. Type coUected
in Colombia by Humboldt. The type sheet, in the Willdenow Herbarium,
No. 320, bore the determination "Justicla melgariensis/'
Shrubby; leaf blades oblong-oval, attenuate at both ends, glabrous

except the costa and lateral veins, these minutely hirsute spikes ter- ;
minal, shoil-peduncled, lax ; bracts herbaceous, oblong, obtuse, entire,

veiny, rough-pubescent; corolla pubescent.
No specimens seen. Description compiled from the original.
Nees compares this species with A, schiedeaiia Schlecht. & Cham, of
Mexico and suggests that it may be merely a young stage of that
species. It can be separated by its bracts which are only about half
as long, are herbaceous instead of membranaceous, and which have
more prominent nerves, some simple and some 2- or 3-forked. The
bractlets of Humboldt's plant are described as linear, pubescent-
ciliateand equal to the calyx in length, thus differing but slightly from
those of the Mexican collections of A. schiedeana in the U. S, National
Herbarium.
18. ENCEPHALOSPHAERA Lindau
Encephalosphaera Lindau, BuU, Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 322, 1904, The genus
Encephalosphaera is a segregate of Aphelandra estabUshed on the basis of
its spherical pollen grains and the presence of a staminode. Its name is
derived from the Greek wordsj iv with /ceâXi^, head, and aâlpa, sphere^ and
aUudes to the globose pollen grains. Type species: E, vitelUna Lindau.
Shrubs with the general appearance of Aphelandra; stamens 4;

staminode 1, lobulate; anthers 1-celled, cohering at their tips by vil-
lous hairs pollen globose, verrucose, the roughening serpentine-cere-
;
brifornij the fissures forming 6 tetragons; stigma shortly 2-lobed.

In contrast to the spherical roughened pollen grains of Encephalos-
phaera^ the surface of each divided into 6 tetragonal sectors, those of
Aphelandra are strictly of the "spaltenpoUen" type, i, e., usually ellip-
soidal with three clefts, a pitted extine, and sometimes with a pore in
each of the clefts.
LEONARD : THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ II 281
In addition to E. vitellina^ E. lasiandra Mildbr., a Brazilian species,

has been described (Notizbl. Bot. Gart Berlin 11: 68. 1930).
1. Encephalosphaera vitellina Lindau FiGUKE 102
Encephalosphaera vitellina Liudau, BuU. Herb, Boiss, II. 4: 323, 1904. Type
collected in damp, rocky woods at Agua Clara, Popayun, Caiica, Colombia,
1,000 to 1,200 meters altitude, by Lehmiinn (No, 9048) and deposited in the
Berlin Herbarlura. Isotype in New York Botanical Garden. Photograph of
type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No, 8722.
A sparingly branched shrub up to 1.3 meters high; branches essen-

tially glabrous, up to
cm, in diameter; leaf blades ovate, 14 cm. long,
1
about 8 cm. wide, long and subobliquely acuminate at apex, abruptly
narrowed at the base and decurrent on the petiole, more or less car-
Figure 102. —Encephalosphaera Lindau {Lehmann 9048): fl. Tip of plant; i, bract;
vitellina
f, bractlet; J, posterior calja segment; i^ one of the anterior segments;/, one of the lateral
segments; g, pubescence of corolla; h~j, diagrammatic drawings of pollen grains (copied

from Lindau's sketches on the type sheet), {a. Half natural size; h-f, h-j\ natural size; g,
about 28 times natural size.)
nose, glabrous, the lateral nerves numerous, parallel, arcuate; petioles

2 to 4 cm. long, glabrous; spikes terminal, subsessile, a little shorter
than the leaves, the rachis pubescent; bracts imbricate, ovate, 20 nam*
long, about 11 mm, wide, acuminate, minutely pubescent, the margins
bearing 7 to 8 minute teeth; bractlets linear, 8 mm. long, 0.76 mm.
wide, minutely puberulous; calyx lobes subequal, 11 mm. long and 2
mm, wide, minutely puberulous especially toward the tip, the posterior
segment bidentate at tip; corolla yellowish orange, puberulous, the
tube 35 mm. long, 5 mm. broad at base, 7 nun. broad at mouth, the
upper lip erect, 16 mm. long, 9 mm. wide at middle, acute at apex,
;
the lower lip 3-lobedj the lobes rounded, the middle lobe 20 mm. long
and 10 mm. wide, the lateral lobes IC mm, long and 7 mm, wide fila- ;
ments inserted above the base of the corolla tube, 40 mm. long, curved
and pilose at base anthers 6 mm. long, cohering at tip by villous hairs
;
pollen grains globose, 55 to 58 [i in diameter; staminode membranous,

lobulate, minute; styles 45 mm, long, sparingly pilose, stigmas 2-
parted; capsule not seen.
The name vitelUna^ yellowish orange, alludes to the color of the
corolla.
19. CYPHACANTHUS Leonard, gen. nov*
Frutex; folia magna, opposita, oblongo-obovata, leviter dentata;

panicula terminalis; spicae angustae, 6 vel plures; bracteae parvae,
ovatae, acutae; bracteolae ovatae, rotundatae, mucronatae, bracteas
aequantes; calycis segmenta 3, obtusa, bracteis duplo longiora; corolla
anguste hypocrateriformis, labiis aequalibus, labio superiore cucullato,
labio inferiore gibboso, trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina 4,
inclusa, antheris unilocularibus; pollinis granulae oblongae, glabrae.
Shrubs; stems subquadrangular leaves large, opposite, oblong-
;
obovate, shallowly dentate, submembranaceous, the venation promi-

nent, the lateral veins numerous; cystoliths none; petioles stout; pani-
cles terminal, solitary, composed of 6 or more compact, narrow spikes
bracts small, ovate, acute, coriaceous; bractlets equaling the bracts in
length, rounded, mucronulate, subcoriaceous, their margins thin and
subhyaline calyx composed of 3 deeply cut segments, these about twice
;
as long as the bracts and bractlets, the posterior segment obtuse or

rounded and bilobed at tip, the anterior pair acute; corolla hypocra-
teriform, the lips subequal, the upper lip arched and cucullate,
rounded, the lower lip 3-lobcd, gibbous, the lobes suborbicular; sta-
mens 4, their filaments densely pilose, decurrent on the dorsal portion
of the corolla tube, the anthers enclosed by the arched upper lip of
the corolla, 1-celled, adnate at tip by webby hairs; pollen grains nar-
rowly oblong, smooth.
The 3-parted calyx and gibbous lower lip of the corolla define the
genus CypJiacanthiis very clearly. These characters are unique, not
only in the tribe Aphelandreae but in the family Acanthaceae as welh
On the other hand, the 4 stamens with their slender unilocular anthers,
the hypocrateriform 2-lipped corollas and the lack of cystoliths are
characters by which this new genus can be associated with the other
genera of Aphelandreae* It is closest of all to the genus Aphelandra.
The slender, smooth, oblong pollen grains are also remarkable if com-
pared with the variously etched grains of the other genera of the
family.
The name is derived from the Greek words kv(})os, hump
generic )
and Acanthus^ the name of the type-genus of the family.

;;
;
1. Cyphacanthus atopus Leonard, sp. nov. Figuee 103
Frutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, hirtellis; lamina foliorum

oblongo-obovata, breviter acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, mcmbranacea, leviter dentata, supra glabra vel parce pilosa,
costa et venis latcralibus obscuris, subtus aliquanto pilosis, costa ct
vcnis lateralibus prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; petioli
crassi, glabri vel minute et parse strigosi panicula terminalis, pedun-

;
culis et dense brunneo-hirtellis, pilis patulis; spicae

rliacliibus
angustae, floribus inferioribus deciduis; bracteae ovatae, acutae,
mucronnlatae, puberulae, apice glanduloso-liirtellae, costa prominente
braceteolae bracteas acquantes, ovatae, apice rotundatae et mucro-
nnlatae, glanduloso-hirtellae ; calycis segmenta oblongo-ovata, obtusa,
glanduloso-hirtella, striata, marginibus subhyalinis ; corolla purpurea,
sursum glanduloso-hirtella, tubo hypocrateriformi, leviter curvato,
labiis subacqualibus, labio superiore obovato, erecto, apice truncate,

cucullato, labio inferiore gibboso, trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus
stamina inclusa, filamentis dense pilosis ; ovarium glabrum capsulae ;
gnotae.
Shrubs (the angles
ha
1 47
narrowed from
mately 15 cm. below tip to the base and decurrent on the petiole, sub-
membranaceous, shallowly dentate (the teeth broad, obtuse, about 2
mm
to 1,5 mm. long, ascending, the costa and lateral veins (about 30 pairs)
rather obscure, the lower surface moderately pilose, the hairs up to 1
mm
than elsewhere, the costa and veins prominent, the veinlets coarsely
reticulate, a veinlet ending at the tip of each tooth petioles up to 5 cm.
;
minutely
terminal
2 cm. long, these and the rachises (5 to T cm. long) densely brown-
corn
the lowermost flowers soon deciduous, leaving prominent raised scars
bracts subtending the branches of the inflorescence triangular-ovate,
about 7 mm. long and 4 mm. wide near base, acute, carinate, sparingly
puberulous; flower bracts ovate, 7 mm. long, 4 mm, wide, acute,
mucronulate (the mucro 0.25 mm
ward tip a number of stouter glandular hairs up to 0.5 mm. long.
margins subhvalme: bractiets ovate, 7 mm
long, 4 mm. wide, rounded and mucronulate at tip, in other respects
similar to the bracts; calyx segments oblong-ovate, 13 mm. long,
nam scending
some of them glandular 3
igments
the margins subhyaline; corollas purple, about mod

erately hirtellous except the basal glabrous portion, the hairs
about 0.25 mm. long, spreading or slightly retrorse, many of them
glandular, the tube curved, 4 mm. broad at base, 2 mm. broad at 5 mm.
above base, 7 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, about 9 mm.
mm
gibb
mm. broad, the medial
martrins stamens
portion of the corolla tube becoming free at about 5 mm. below the
Figure 103 .—Cyphacanthus atopus Leonard {Lawrance 502): a, Tip of panicle; h, tip of leaf
blade; c, bract; d, bractlet; e, posterior calyx segment;/, one of the anterior segments;
g, marginal pubescence near tip of anterior segment; h, anther; t, pollen grain;;, lower lip
of corolla, {a, b, Half natural size; c-/, twice natural size; IS times natural size; k, about
g,
3 times natural size; i, 66 times natural size;;, 1}^ times natural size.)
base of the corolla lips, the anthers oblong, 5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide,
\yebby-pilosc at tip, otherwise glabrous, enclosed by the curved upper
lip of the corolla, the filaments densely pilose dorsally, the liairs 0.6
mm. long; pollen grains slenderly oblong, smooth, about 82 fi long
and 43 fi in diameter
; ;
Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, col-

Umbo
Mount Colombia
tude, October 1, by A. E. Lawrance (No. 502).
1932,
The specific epithet is from the Greek &towos, meaning strange or
marvelous.
Tribe 7. Rhombochlamydeae
Rhombochlamydeae Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, Nachtr. 306. 1897.

The tribe contains a single genus, Rhom'bocfilamys.
Herbs; flowers borne in terminal spikes, the bracts rhomboid; calyx
segments 5; corollas hypocrateriform, the limb 2-lipped; stamens 4,
anthers 1-celled; "daubenpollen.'^
Because of a resemblance of the pollen grains, Lindau associated
his Ehombochlamydeae with the Old World tribe Andrographideae.
But since in all other respects the two species he describes under
Rhoraboclilamys are typical of Aphelandra^ e- g,, in such characters as
the large rhombic bracts, and 4 stamens with slender, unilocular an-
thers, the creation of a new tribe w as necessary.
20. RHOMBOCHLAMYS Lindau
Rhomb ocMa my s Lindau, BuU. Herb. Boiss. 5: 659. 1897. The name is derived
from the Greek p6^j3os, top, and x^^ctM^'s, mantle, i. e.^ a top-shaped mantle,
alluding to the rhombic bracts. Type species: Rhomhochlamys rosulata
Lindau.
Flowers borne in spikes; bracts rhomboid, the margins dentate;

bractlets lanceolate, obtuse; calyx segments 5, equal; corolla tube
subcylindric, slightly and gradually enlarged at mouth, the upper lip
2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed; stamens 4, the anthers unilocular.
Description compiled from the originaL
In addition to the type species, Lindau describes R. elata^ also from
Colombia.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
Plants almost stemless bracts 9 mm. long and 5 mm. wide,

;
acuminate, glandular-pubescent R- roauJata

Plants up to 50 cm, tall bracts 13 mm. long and 8 mm. wide,
;
obtuse, glabrous -K. elata
1. Rhombochlamys rosulata Lindau Figure 104
Rhombochlamys rosulata Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 660. 1S97. Type col-
lected in damp sandyplace on the Rio Plata near Tolinia, 1,300 meters
altitude, December 23, 1882, by Lehmann (No. 2197). Photograph of the
type material from the Berlin Herbarium in the U. S. National Herbarium,
No. 8724, The Berlin specimen is poorly developed, consisting of a short
portion of stem, 3 leaves and 2 spikes, one detached from plant. Rosulata,
rosulate, i. e., forming a rosette, in aUusion to the arrangement of the leaves.
Herbs, scapes very short; leaf blades dull green, 5 to 7 cm. long,
2 to 3 cm. wide, oval, rounded or abruptly short-acuminate at apex,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, pubescent; petioles 7 to
15 mm. long; inflorescence a pubescent, long-pedunculate spike; bracts
rhombic, acuminate at tip, narrowed at base, 9 mm. long, 5 mm, wide,
glandular-pubescent, the margins bearing 2 pairs of minute teeth
—
toward tip, the nerves 6, parallel; bractlets lanceolate, G mm. long, 2

mm. wide, obtuse at tip, the margins ciliate; flowers pale lilac; calyx
segments lanceolate, 5 mm,
mm. wide, puberulous; corolla tube
long, 1
12 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 3 mm, broad at throat, the upper
lip bidentate, the teeth obtuse, 3 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, the lower
lip 6 mm. long, the lateral lobes 4 mm. long and wide, the middle lobe
4 mm. long and 6 nun, wide, sinuate at apex filaments 6 mm. long, ;
affixed to middle of corolla tube, the anthers 2 mm. long, the tips
Figure 104. Rhombochlamys rosulata Lindau (Photograph of Lehmann 2197): a, Plant;

i, bract, {a, Natural size; i, twice natural size.)
grams long and 36 to SS/x broad;

ovary mm. long; style 11 mm.
1 long, the stigma siibcapitate; capsules
glabrous, 6 mm. long and 3 mm, broad, 8-seeded, very short-stipitate.
RhoTribochlamys rosulata and the following species, R. elata^
strongly suggest the genus LagocMlium Nees (considered in this paper
as a synonym of Aphelandra) which consists chiefly of small her-
,
baceous or suffrutescent plants mid\Yay between Stenandrium and

[AphelaTidra. Like Encephalosphaera^ Rhomhochlamys is based
chiefly on pollen characters.
;
;
LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, XI 287
2. Rhombochlamys elata Lindau

Rhomhoehlamys elata Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 661. 1897, Type coUectGd
In dense woods at Palmira, above La Vitrera, El Valle, Colombia, 1,600 to
2,000 meters altitude, June 17, 1883, by Lehmann Photograph
(No. 2891).
Herbarium material in the U. S,
of Berlin National Herbarium, No. 8723.
The name elata means lofty, probably referring to the height of the plant
in comparison to that of R. rosulata.
Herb; stems up to 50 cm. high, terete, rarely branched, pubescent;

leaf blades olive-green, oval, up to 12 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide but
usually somewhat smaller, narrowed at both ends, the costa pilose;
petioles 12 to 20 mm. long, pubescent; spikes terminal or subterminal,
one third the length of the leaves, the peduncle 1 cm. long, pubescent
bracts glabrous, imbricate, subrhombic, 13 mm. long, 8 mm, wide, ob-
tuse, the margins bearing 5 acute teeth, the nerves 3, parallel ; bractlets
lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, ciliolate; flowers yellow; calyx
segments lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, ciliolate; tube of
the corolla 12 mm, long, 2 mm. in diameter at base, enlarged to 5 mm.
at mouth, the upper lip 6 mm. long, 2-lobed, the lobes 2.5 mm. long and
wide, obtuse, the lower lip 8 mm. long, 3-lobed, the middle lobe 6 mm.
long and 5 mm. wide, the lateral lobes 5 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, all
obtuse and subsinuate at tip; filaments 8 mm. long; anthers 2 mm,
long, agglutinated at tip, barbate; ovary 2 mm. long; style 12 mm,
long; capsules not seen.
Tribe 8. Asystasieae
Asystasieae Lindau, Bot Jahrb, Engler 18: 47. 1893. Of the nine genera listed
in Dalla Torre & Harms* Genera Siphonogamarum, Asystasia alone is repre-
sented in Colombia.
Herbs or shrubs inflorescence spicate, racemose or rarely panicled

;
bracts and bractlets mostly small; calyx usually 5-parted; corolla

distinctly or only slightly 2-iipped ; stamens 4 staminodes 1 or none
;
anthers usually 2-celled; stigma capitate or rarely lobed; capsules

slenderly stipitate; seeds 2 or 4,
21. ASYSTASIA
Asystasia Blume Bijdr. 796. 1826. Type species: A. intrusa Blume (Java).
Herbs or shrubs; leaves entire; flowers borne in spikes or racemes,
these lax or dense, simple or branched, unilateral ; pedicels short ; bracts
and bractlets small, narrowly triangular to linear; flowers usually
solitary, opposite or alternate, white, blue, purple, rose or yellow;
I
sepals linear or narrowly oblong; corolla tube short to long, funnel-

form, ventricose or narrow, the 5 lobes subequal; stamens 4, perfect,
subequal, didynamous; anthers oblong, the cells parallel, approximate,
minutely spurred or muticous at base; ovary 4-ovulate, pubescent;
228609—53 12
—
stigma minutely 2-parted or subcapitate; capsule elliptic, 2- or 4-

seeded above, the base contracted and solid seed compressed, orbicular
;
or irregularly angular, rugose or tubercular, glabrous.

Approximately 70 species have been described in the genus, these
chiefly from tropical Africa, Asia, and the East Indies, The generic
name is probably from the Greek word aavararos (not holding to-
gether), in allusion to the widely spreading valves of the dehisced
capsules.
1. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders. Figure 105

Justicia gangetica L. Amoen, Acad. 4: 299. 1759. Type locality: India. The
name gangetica alludes to the type locality, the Ganges River.
Asystasia coronuindeliana Nees in Wall. PI. As. Ear. 3 89, 1832, Type locality
: :
India. The specific name again alludes to the type locality, Coromandel.
Asystasia gangetica T. Anders, in Thwaites, Enum, PL Zeyh 235. 1859-64.
Based on Jnsticla gangetica L.
Figure 105. Asystasia gangetica (L,) T. Anders, (a, Hasnali 7926, Trinidad; b, c, fy
Hitchcock 16536, British Guiana; d, e, Rushy & Squires 38, Venezuela): a. Tip of branch;
by node of Inflorescence to show bracts; Cy pubescence of inflorescence; d, anther; e^ pistil;
/, fruit, (a. Half natural size; b^ e, 3 times natural size; c, about 26 times natural size;
d, about 4 times natural size;/, natural size.)
Erect or ascending shrubs sometimes climbing or trailing; stems

subquadrangularj branching, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, the
hairs downwardly curved, about 0.25 mm. long; leaves ovate, up to
9 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, acute to rather abruptly acuminate, obtuse,
rounded or subcordate at base and decurrent on the petiole, sparingly
pubescent, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins (4 or
;
LEONARD; THE ACAKTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ II 289
5 pairs) ;
petioles up to 3 cm, long, pubescent, tlie hairs spreading or
curved, about 0,25 mm, long; spikes terminating the branches, up to
20 cm- long, the peduncles up to 5.5 cm. long, these and the rachis
sparingly and minutely pubescent, the flowers more or less secund,
the spikes subtended by a pair of short-petioled (3 to 5 mm. long)
leaves slightly smaller than the average stem leaves; bracts and
bractlets similar, triangular, acuminate, 1,5 to 2 mm, long, 0.75 to
1 mm, wide at base, ciliate, the hairs 0.5 mm. long; calyx about 1 cm.
long, the segments linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 8 mm. long
and 0.75 to 1 mm* wide at base, rather sparingly hirsute, the hairs
spreading, about 0.25 mm. long, some of them glandular, the tube
more densely hirsute with the glandular hairs predominating; ped-
icels up to 4 mm. long, minutely hirsute, the hairs both glandular
and eglandular corolla hirtellous, white or pale yellow, drying yellow,
;
the tube yellowish, green or purple {fide A. S, Hitchcoch No. 16536,

U, S. Nat. Herb. No. 1055847, collected at Georgetown, British
Guiana), 3 to 4 cm. long, 3 mm, broad near base, narrowed to 3 mm.
at 8 mm. above base, thence enlarged to 13 mm. at throat, the enlarged
portion of the tube obconic, the lobes rounded, about 1.5 cm. in di-
ameter, conspicuously and coarsely reticulate-veined; stamens in pairs,
the longer pair about 13 mm. long, the shorter about 1 cm. long, the
filaments of the longer stamens bearing a line of minute, glandular,
spreading hairs, the anthers 3.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, short-
apiculate at tip; ovary conical, 3 mm. long, densely pilosulous; style
16 mm. and near base; capsule clavate, 20 mm.
long, pilosulous at
long or more, minutelj^ pilosulous, some of the hairs glandular; seeds
2, gray, about 3.5 mm. broad, roughened, the margins crenate.
Native to tropical Africa, Asia, and Malaya, Introduced into
tropical America where it is cultivated or persists as an escape. In
addition to Colombia, specimens from British Guiana, Venezuela,
and Trinidad were examined.
BolIvab: Cartagena, Bro, Elias 622 (US).
Tribe 9. Graptopiiylleae
GraptophyUeae Lindan, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 47, 1893. Of the 12 genera
included in this tribe in DuUa Torre & Harms, Genera Siphonogainarum,
only Pachystachys is represented in Colombia, The tribe is based on Qrap-
tophyUum, a genus found chiefly in Australia and Polynesia.
Shrubs or lierbs; inflorescence spicate or paniculate; calyx usually

equally S-parted, sometimes 2-lipped stamens 2 staminodes 2 or none
; ;
anthers Q-celled, the cells equally or unequally attached, their bases

acute, obtuse or spurred; mostly "rahmenpollen" ; capsules stipitate,
4-seeded.
;
22. PACHYSTACHYS Nees
P achy st achys Nees in Mart. FL Bras. 9: 99, 1847* Type species: Pachystachya
riedelkina (Brazil). Nees described no other species in this treatment.
Later the same year (DC. Prodr. 11: 319. 1847) he republished this and
added five otlier species. No further additions were made to the genus until
liizzini described P. alhiflora from Brazil (BoL Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, n. s,
8: 24, pL 7, 1947. The generic name is derived from ijaxos^ thick, large or
stout, and ardxvs, spike.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants; leaves large, petioled; spibes

terminal, dense; bracts conspicuous, herbaceous; bractlets small or
none; flowers borne in a terminal spike of verticillasters consisting of
3 or 1 flowers eacli; calyx 5-parted, the segments relatively short;
corolla ringent, slenderly obconic, curved, 2-lipped, the upper lip nar-
row, 2-lobed at tip, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, oblong or
ovate; stamens 2, about as long as the corolla, attached near the base
of its tube anthers deeply sagittate, the basal lobes muticous, equal
;
staminodes, if present, rudimentary.

1. Pachystachys riedeliana Nees Fiouiir: 106
Pachystachys riedeliana Nees in Mart. FL Bras, 9: 99. 1847. Type locality:

**Ad Villam de Borba in ditione fluv. Madeira," Brazil. Type collected by
Eiedel in whose honor the species was named.
Suffrutescent, erect, simple or sparingly branched plants up to 3

meters high; stems glabrous, terete or the upper portions subquad-
rangular; leaf blades oblong, elliptic or broadly oblanceolate, up to
23 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide, acute to acuminate (the tip itself usually
blunt), gradually to rather abruptly narrowed at base, glabrous, the
margins entire, the costa and lateral veins (9 to 12 pairs) rather prom-
inent petioles up to 5 cm. long, glabrous; spikes solitary,
;
terminal, up
to 16 cm. long or more, the rachis finely puberulous; bracts rather
loosely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, 7 to 11 mm.
wide (the terminal bracts somewhat smaller, the basal ones larger),
acuminate, narrowed at base, short-petiolate, both surfaces puberu-
lous, the lower surface more densely so, bearing additional glandular
hairs; bractlets narrowly linear, about 3 mm. long and 0,5 mm. wide,
sparingly puberulous; calyx campanulate, 4.5 mm, long, the segments
narrowly triangular, about 3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, acu-
minate, sparingly hirtellous; corolla scarlet, up to 7,5 cm. long, the tube
curved, 4 mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to 8 mm. at throat,
the upper lip erect, lanceolate, 6.5 mm. wide near base, gradually
narrowed to 1,5 mm. at tip, 2-lobed, the lobes obtuse, about 1 mm.
long and wide, the lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the lobes linear,
rounded at tip, the middle lobe 17 mm. long and 3 mm, wide, the
lateral ones up to 24 mm. long and 4 mm, wide stamens attached near
;
the base of the corolla tube, the filaments 5 cm. long, puberulous, the
ithers 7 mm.
long, deeply sagittate, the basal lobes muticous; stami-
)des rudimentary, puberulous; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Pachystachys HedeliaTia has often been confused with P. cocdnea
(Aubl.) Nees (DC. Prodr. U: 319. 1847) of I G Al
though the two species are superficially similar, they can readily be
separated by the longer, linear calyx segments of P. coccinea.
Woods, margins of thickets, along trails or st West
South America
El Vali
Figure 106.— Pachystachys riedeliana Nees {a-e, Lehmann\W;H, E^rs 14135, Ecuador):
bract; bractlel; e pubescence of undersurface of
a Spike; b, leaf; c, upper surface of d,
anther, (a, h, A, Half natural size; c, d, g, natural

bract;/, calyx; g, pistil; k,
corolla; i,
size: e. about 22 times natural size;/, t, twice natural size.)
Tribe 10. PSEUDERANTHEMEAE
Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 13:

rseuderantheineae Radlk.
Radlk. the only one of the three genera
282. 1883. Pseuderanthemum Is
Pseuderanthemeae in Dalla Torre & Harms' Genera

listed in the tribe
Siphonogamarum with representatives in America.
H
paniculate bracts and bractlets
;
small ; calyx 5-parted corolla more or ;
staminodes 2 or none anther cells equally

less 2-lipped stamens 2; ; ;
or unequally attached, acute or obtuse at base ; "spangenpoUen" (ellip-
arranged in 3 groups, the broader

tical trains with 9 longitudinal clefts
292 CONl^RIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
middle cleft of each group containing a pore) and ^'glatterpollen"

(smooth or roughened, nearly spherical grains with 2 or 3 pores, these
sometimes lying in very short clefts) capsules slenderly stipitate, 2-
;
or 4-seeded.
23. PSEUDERANTHEMUM Radlk,
Psenderanthemum Radlk. Sitznngsb. Math. Phys. KL Akad. Wiss, Miinchen 13:

282, 1883. A genus found in tropical regions throughout the world. From
}p€v5i)Sy and Eranthemumy an Old World genus belonging to the tribe
false,
RuclUeae, thus false Eranthcmum, Type spfêies: Eranthemum alatum
Nees (Mexico).
Herbs or small shrubs; leaves opposite, usually ovate; flowers borne

in terminal or axillary bracteate spikes, racemes or panicloSj the bracts
and bractlets subtending the flower clusters small ; calyx segments 4 or
5, subulate; corolla white, blue, or pink, the tube slender, the limb
spreading, the 5 lobes subeqaal; stamens 2, usually included; stam-
inodes 2, minute; anthers cells muticous or acute at the base; capsules
long-stipitate ; seeds 2 or 4.
In his treatment of Eranthemum (DQ Prodr. 11: 445, 1847) Nees
classifies his species having subcqual corolla lobes under two heads,
one with large conspicuous bracts^ all Old World species, under
"a. Grandibracteata^'^ and the other, with small inconspicuous bracts,
World and partly Old World species, under "b. Parvi-
Iracteatay To thi Radlkofer
PseMderan tliemum,.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
Leaf blades ovate, abruptly narrowed to a long, winged petiole; bracts subtend-
ing the lower branches of the Inflorescence leaflike, orbicular or suborbicnilar,
sessile or siibsessile; corolla tube about 2 cm. Ion?, very slender.
Flowers dark red; flower bracts triangular, up to 2 mm. long 1. P. haughtii
Flowers purple; flower bracts lanceolate, up to 4 mm. long 2, P. idroboi
Leaf blades elliptic or oblong to lanceolate or oblanceolate, rarely ovate, grad-
ually narrowed to short, winged petioles bracts subtending the inflorescence,
;
or lower branches of the same, oblong, lanceolate, or Unear-subulate, some-

times leaflike but not orbicular,
Oilyx more or less glandular-puberulous.
Leaf blades (lower surface) glabrous or bearing a few scattered, minute,
stiff hairs; cystoliths black„ 3. P. leiophylhim
Leaf blades (lower surface) definitely puberulous or hirtellous; cystoliths
whitish.
Lobes of the corolla conspicuously purple-dotted 4. p. poecilanthum
Lobes of the corolla uniformly colored.
Corollas pure white 5, P. cUipUcum
Corollas violet or pink.
Leaf blades glabrous above, sparingly gland-dotted beneath.
6. P. ewanii
Leaf blades more or less hirtellous above, not gland-dotted
beneath , 7. p^ pennellii
LEONARD: THE ACAXTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 293
Calyx eglandular.
Leaf blades 2 cm. wide or less (or up to 3 cm, in No. 9).
Calyx glabrous 8- P* lanceum
Calyx puberulous 9. P. aneidemii
Leaf blades, or at least some of them, 2.5 cm. wide or more.

Rachis glabrous leaf blades usually obtuse or rounded at tip.
;
10. P- atropurpureum
Rachis pubescent leaf blades acuminate.

;
Flowers borne in simple or forked racemes.

Leaf blades thin, up to 5.5 cm. wide IL P. potamopMlum
Leaf blades firm, up to 4 cm. wide 12. P. hylophilum
Flowers borne in panicles.
Corolla densely glandular-papillose 13. P, chaponense
Corolla sparingly puberulous or pubescent.

Tube of corolla narrow, the throat 1.5 mm, broad.
14. P, stenosiphon
Tube of corolla wider, the throat 2.3 to 3 mm. broad.

Corollas white; shrubs 15. P, cuatrecasasii
Corollas purplish ; herbs 16. P. daioei
1. Pseuderanthemum haughtli Leonard, sp. doy. Figure 107
Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibuSj bifariam pilosis, pilis plus

minusve patulis, cystolitliis subpunctiformibus, inconspicuis lamina ;
foliorum ovata, abriipte acuminata (apice ipso acuto, plus minusve

curvato), basi rotundata, in petiolum decurrens, Integra vel undulata,
membranacea, supra glabra vel parce hirtella, costa et venis promi-
nentibus, cystolitbis gracilibus, subtus parce hirtella, pilis patulis
praecipue in costa et venis positis, venis prominentibus petioli alati, ;
m
1 terminalis. Dedunculo et rliache plus minusve
sis, pilis albis, patulis, fasciculis 1-3 floribus, sessilibus; bracteae in-
rotundatae
acuminatae
tae; bracteolae anguste triangulares, minutae, ciliatae; calycis seg-
menta
praegracili, lobis ovalibus, rotundatis; antherae subsessiles, lineares^
curvatae; stylus et ovarium glabri.
Herbs
mm
cm
5,5 to 7 cm, wide, abruptly acuminate (the tip itself acute, straight or
slightly curved), rounded at base and abruptly and broadly decurrent
on the petiole, thin, the upper surface glabrous or bearing a few coarse
hairs, the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) conspicuous, the lower
veins meeting the costa almost at right angles, the cystoliths linear,
delicate, the lower surface sparingly hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25
nim
cm
minute
of the petiole near base of leaf blade 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, thence gradually
narrowed to its base; leaves of the small branches
produced in the
axils of the stem leaves ovate, about 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide;
panicle terminal, sparingly branched, the flowers subsessile, the pe-
duncle 10 cm. long, the first internode 6 cm. long, the others suc-
FiGURE 107 .—Pseudcranthemum kaugkni Leonard {Haughl 3974): a, Leaf; h, small portion
of leaf (lower surface) to show venation in detail; c, small portion of leaf (upper surface)
to show scattered hairs and cystoliths; d, inflorescence; e, pubescence of rachis;
/, bract;
g, bractlet; h, calyx, {a, d, Half natural size; b, c, natural size; f, 18 times natural size;
/, g, twice natural size; h, slightly more than natural size.)
cessively shorter toward tip, the leaves subtending the panicle ovate-
cordate, about 7 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide near the base, acuminate,
truncate or subcordate at base, subsessile, the short petiole winged,
about 5 mm. long, the bracts subtending the lower branches of the
cm
lowermost
cicle of flowers broadly elliptic, about 8 mm. long and 13 mm. wide,
;
emai
angular, acummate, 2*5 mm. long and 1 mm, wide at base, ciliate, the
others becoming smaller toward tip of inflorescence; the bractlets nar-
rowly triangular, up to 1.5 mm. long, acute, the peduncle and rachis
pilose, the hairs mostly spreading, about 0,5 mm. long, arranged more
or less in two rows; calyx subsessile, 5 mm, long, the segments lanceo-
late, 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, faintly and delicately 3-
ncrved, ciliolate; corolla dark red, 3 cm. long, the tube very slender,
1.75 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 1 mm., the
mm
ted
filaments very short, the anthers curved, about 1.5 mm. long, the stam-
inodes subulate, 0.5 mm. long; ovary 3 mm. long, glabrous; style
slender, glabrous, exserted about 5 mm. beyond mouth of the corolla
tube; mature capsule not seen.
in the
coffee groves at Manaure, Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 500
meters altitude, January 23, 1944, by Oscar Haught (No. 3974).
Closely related to P. datum (Nees) Kadlk. of Mexico and Central
America, P, haughtii differs chiefly in the shape of the leaf blades and
the size of the calyx. The leaves of P. alatum are definitely cordate
at base, the venation being subpalmate, the lowermost three pairs of
veins arising nearly at a point, wliereas in P. haughtii the leaf blades
are somewhat rounded at base, and the venation is strictly pinnate.
The calyx of P, alatum is much shorter, being only about 2 mm. long
in comparison to the 5 mm. of P, haughtii^ and the segments of the
latter are glabrous or at most sparingly ciliolate instead of rather
copiously ciliolate.
Psenderant hemum cuspidatnm (Nees) Radlk. may likewise have a
resemblance to P. haughtily but is described as having roughened, gla-
brous leaf blades and simple spikes.
2. Pseuderanthemum idroboi Leonard, sp. dot. Figuee lOS
Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum bifarium

hirtellis, cystolithis minutis, parallelis; lamina foliorum ovata,
graci
em
supra costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, subtus aliquanto prominenti-
bus; petioli graciles, alati; racemi terminales, simplices, graciles,
pedunculo et rhache aliquanto hirtellis; pedicelli breves; bracteae
infimae foliis similes, suborbiculares, obtusae, basi cordatae, bracteae
supremae minutae, anguste triangulares, acutae, subcarinatae, ali-
quanto ciliatae, glabrae vel apice minute hirtellae, marginibus sub-
hyalinis bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, acutae, apice minute hirtellae
;
calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolataj acuminata, apice minute liirtella et

ciliolata; corolla purpurea^ tube praegracilij limbo patulo, lobis
oblongis, obtusis vel rotundatis; stamina vix exserta capsulae ignotae ;
Simple erect herbs up to 60 cm» bigb; stems subquadrangularj

glabrous or tlie upper portions liirtellous in 2 lines, the cystolitlis par-
allel, 250 II long; leaves croTN^ded at the tip of stem, the blades ovate,
up to 14 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself

blunt), abruptly narrowed into a slender, winged petiole, membrana-
ceous, drying bright olive-green, entire, glabrous or sparingly hir-
tellous, the hairs of the upper surface coarse, about 0.5 mm. long, those
Figure IQ^.—Pseuderanthemum idrohoi Leonard(/£f foto 536); a^ Inflorescence; i, leaf;
c, flower bract; d, bractlct; e, calyx, {a, b, Half ratural size; c, 4 times natural size;
d, 6 times natural size; e^ i}i times natural size.)
on the lower surface smaller and finer, conJined chiefly to costa and
lateral veins (usually 8 pairs), the venation of the upper surface ob-
scure, that of the lower more prominent and drying a bright yellowish
green, the cystoliths slender, inconspicuous, 250 /a long; petioles 4 to
10 cm. long, including the wings, about 10 mm. wide at base of blade,
thence gradually narrowed to base raceme terminal, simple, slender,
;
the peduncle 12 cm. long, the lowermost internode 7 cm. long, the
others successively shorter toward tip, both peduncle and rachis
moderately liirtellous, the hairs mostly spreading, straight or curvedj
0.25 mm. long, the pedicels up to 1 mm. long; bracts subtending the
spike and lowermost branches of the inflorescence leaflike, suborbicu-
;
lar, obtuse, cordate, the lowermost pair about 4 cm. wide, the second
pair 2 cm, wide, the upper flower bracts lanceolate, 4 mm. long or
Jess, 0.75 mm. wide at base, acute, subcarinate, moderately ciliate,
minutely hirtellous at margins subhyaline; bractlets narrowly
tip, the
lanceolate, L5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, acute, sparingly and minutely
hirtellous at tip, otherwise glabrous; calyx segments linear-lanceolate,
2.5 mm. long, 0.25 to 0.5 mm. wide at base, acuminate, minutely hirtel-
lous and ciliolate at tip; corolla 2.5 cm. long, purple {inarada)^ the
tube slender, 0.75 mm. in diameter except at mouth, here 1.5 nnn.
broad, the limb spreading, the lobes oblong, 9 mm. long, up to 4.5 mm.
wide, rounded or obtuse, the stamens slightly exserted ; capsules not
seen.
Type Herbarium, No. 2025691, collected on
in the 17. S. National
the margin of the Rio Guejar, Sierra de La Macarena, Intendencia of
Meta, Colombia, 500-1,000 meters altitude, August 29, 1950, by J. M.
Idrobo (No. 536).
Pseuderantheiivum idrohoi is closely related to the preceding species,
differing chiefly in color of flower and in the shape of the flower
bracts.
3, Pseuderanthemum leiophyllum Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 109
Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum bifariam hirtellis 3
deorsum glabris, subpunctif ormi-cystolithigeris ; lamina f oliorum

lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi angustata, subauriculata, intogra vel
leviter undulata, subchartacea, supra glabra, subtus glabra vel minute
et parce hispidula, cystolithis nigris, costa et venis aliquanto promi-
nentibus; petioli breves; racemi terminales, rhache puberula, pilis pro
parte glandulosis; pedicelli graciles, puberuli, pilis glandulosis et
eglandulosis intermixtis; bracteae parvae, anguste triangulares,
glabrae vel parce puberulae, aliquanto pilos glandulosos raros ferentes
bracteolae minutae; calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata, acuta, pube-
rula, pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis; corolla alba vel
purpurea, plus minusve curvata et ventricosa; stamina et staminodia
glabra, inclusa; capsulae clavatae, puberulentae, apice obtusae; semina
plana, verrucosa.
Suffrutescent plants up to 30 cm. high or more stems subquadr angu-
;
lar, hirtellous in two about 0.25 mm. long), the lower

lines (the hairs
portions glabrate, the cystoliths subpunctiform leaves subsessile, ;
the blades lanceolate, up to 10 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate
(the tip itself blunt) narrowed from about middle to a subauriculate
,
base, entire or undulate, subchartaceous, the upper surface glabrous,

the lower surface glabrous or minutely and sparingly hispidulous (the
hairs about lOO/i long) the cystoliths appearing black, the costa and
,
lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) rather prominent; petioles about 1 mm.

long; flowers borne in terminal racemes up to 7 cm. long, the peduncles
— (
Up to 3 cm. long, puberulous intwo liiieSj the rachis puberulous, the

hairs about 0.25 mnu longj some of them gland-tipped, the pedicels
slender, the lowermost up to 8 mm. long, successively shorter toward
tip, all puberulous with both glandular and eglandular hairs bracts ;
narrowly triangular, the largest and lowermost up to 1 cm. long and

3 mm. wide at base, narrowed to an obtuse tip, bractlets similar but
about half as large, both bracts and bractlets glabrous or sparingly
puberulous, sometimes bearing a few additional glandular hairs;
Figure 109. Pscuderanthevium leiophyllum Leonard {Toro 943) : a^ Tip of plant; h^ node of
inflorescence to show bracts and bractlets; r, calyx; t/, pubescence of calyx; e^ capsule
(right valve complete), {a, e^ Natural size; h, r, twice natural size; d, about 20 times
natural si2e.)
calyx 6 mm. long, the segments linear-lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 1 mm.

wide at base, acute, ending in a blunt tip, puberulous, the pubescence
a mixture of glandular and eglandular hairs up to 150^ long; corolla
white or purple ?), about 15 mm. long, the tube about 2 mm. broad at
base, gradually expanded to 8 mm. at mouth, somewhat curved and
ventricose, minutely and sparingly pubescent, the lobes ovate, about
6 nim. long and 4 mm. wide; stamens 4 mm. long, attached at 6 mm.
above base of corolla, the anthers 2 mm. long, the staminodes 1 mm.
long, both stamens and staminodes glabrous capsules clavate, 21 mm. ;
.
long, puberulous, 4-seeded5 the solid basal portion about 6 mm. long
and 3 mm. broad, the tip blunt, the seed-bearing cavity 4 mm. broad,
the seed flattened, about 3.5 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, verrucose, the
retinacula linear, curved, about 3 mm. and acute at tip.
long, thin
Type in the herbarium of the Facultad de Agronomia, Medellin,
Colombia, No. 1905, collected at Tamesis, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, February 1, 1928, by Rafael A. Toro (No. 943)
Pseuderanthemum leiophyllum is well marked and has no close re-
semblance to any other Colombian species. The color of the corolla is
not apparent in the herbarium material. The name leiophyllum is
derived from \etos, smooth, and tûXXor, leaf.

4. Pseuderanthemum poecilanthum Leonard, sp, uov, Figuke 110
Herba
minutis et aDpressis; lamina foliorum
petiolum
marerinibus
costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, subtus parce puberula, pilis praeci-
pue in costa et venis positis, costa et venis magis prominentibus ;
petioli
puberuli; racemi solitarii, terminales, rhache et pedunculis glandu-

loso-pubescentibus, pilis patulis, albidis; pedunculus prope basin brac-
teas lineari-subulatas, carinatas, parce puberulas ferens; bracteae
subtendentes similes sed minores; bracteolae minutae, subulatac,
flores
anguste triangulares; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuminata, sub-
tiliter 3-nervata, plus minusve glanduloso-puberula; corolla alba,
lobis purpureo-maculatis; ovarium parce glanduloso-puberulum.
Erect herbs about 30 cm. high; stems subterete, glabrous or the
upper portions sparingly puberulous, the hairs minute and appressed;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 18 cm. long and 4.5 cm, wide, acutish,
the tip blunt, gradually narrowed from middle or slightly above the
middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, rather thin, the margins
shallowly and coarsely crcnate, the upper surface glabrous, the costa
impressed, this and the lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) obscure, the lower
surface sparingly puberulous, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and
veins, these slightly more prominent than on the upper surface;
petioles 5 to 10 mm. long, puberulous; flowers solitary, borne in a
terminal, peduncled raceme about 12 cm, long, the peduncle (5.5 cm.
long) and rachis glandular-pubescent, the hairs spreading, barely
0.25 mm, long, whitish, the lower pair of bracts borne on the peduncle
about 1 cm. above its base, linear-subulate, carinate, 0.5 mm, broad
at base, sparingly puberulous, those subtending the flowers similar but
smaller, 3 to 1.5 mm, long; bractlets subulate, narrowly triangular,
the lowermost 1,5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at base; calyx 6 mm.
long, the segments glandular-puberulous without, the hairs spreading,
the tube 0,5 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, 1 mm. wide at base,
—
acuminate, delicately 3-nerved; pedicels up to 3 mm, long, glaiidular-

puberulous; corollas 1,5 cm, long^ sparingly puberulous, \vlnte5 the
lobes purple-spotted, the tube 10 mm. long, 2 mm, broad near the base,
contracted to 1.5 mm. at 3 mm. above base, abruptly expanded at sum-
mit, the mouth 5 mm. broad, 2-lipped, the lobes of the upper lip oblong,
Figure llO, Pseuderavthevnim foecilanthu7n Leonard {Cuatrecasas 10671): n. Tip of plant;

b^ small portion of leaf blade (upper surface) to show cystoliths; c, pubescence of peduncle;
d, bract; e, bractlet;/, calyx, spread to show lobes, (a, d^ Natural size; h, about 30 times
natural size; c, about 25 times natural size; ^, /, about twice natural size.)
mm. long and 4 mm. wide, those of the lower lip ovate, 7 mm. long,
the lateral 4 mm- wide, the middle 4.5 mm. wide, all rounded; stamens
about 1 cm, long, attached in the throat of the corolla, exserted, re-
curved, glabrous, the anthers 2 mm. long; staminodes 1,5 mm. long;
style about 2 cm. long, sparingly puberulous near base, otherwise
glabrous; stigma minute, about as broad as the style; ovary ovoid, 1.6
mm. long, sparingly glandular-puberulous; capsule not seen.
Type in tlie National Herbarium, No. 1798532, collected in

U* S.
wet forests of the Rio PutumayOj at Puerto Porvenir, Comisaria de
PutumayOj Colombia, 230 to 250 meters altitude, November 19, 1940,
by J. Cuatrecasas (No, 10671). The name poedlanthum is derived
from tolkLXos, speckled, and avdos, floMêr,
Psendermithemum poecilantJmm is a distinct species easily recog-

nized by its glandular inflorescence and orchidlilê blossoms.
f), Pseuderanthemum ellipticum TurriU
Pseuderanthemum ellipUcmn TurriU, BuU. 1920: 09. 1920. Two cotypes
Kew
are cited by TurrUl, one conected in lanes and patlis between coffee planta-
tions at Fusagasugdf Department of Cundinaniarca, Colombia, April, by
Mrs. J. A. Tracey, the otlier in forest shade at Arizal, 1,700 meters altitude,
May, by Kalbreyer. The epithet ellipticum, elliptic, alludes to the shape of
the leaf blades.
Erect herbs 0.5 to 1 m. high or more; upper portion of the stem sub-
quadrangular, rather densely hirsute, the hairs about 0,25 mm. long
and more or less appressedj the lower portion of the stem terete and
glabrous leaves 8 or more, borne on the upper portion of the stem, the
;
cm. lonff and 2.5 cm

acuminate
current on the petiole, glabrous above, the costa and lateral nerves
barely conspicuous, the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens, the lower
surface glabrous except the costa and veins, these rather sparingly
puberulous and conspicuous, the tertiary veins coarsely reticulate, the
cystoliths less conspicuous than above; petioles up to 1 cm, long,
channeled, puberulous; flowers several, crowded in clusters in a nar-
row terminal raceme up to 16 cm* long, the rachis and peduncle (about
6 cm. long) rather densely hirsute, the hairs barely 0,5 mm. long, loosely
appressed or ascending, the first internode 1.5 cm. long, the others suc-
cessively shorter, the lowermost pair of bracts borne at about the mid-
dle of the peduncle, linear-subulate, 6.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide at
base, carinate, the keel and margins sparingly ciliate, the bracts sub-
tp^ndinp* the flower clusters similar but smaller. 3 to 4 mm. loner:
mm. lone:, ciliate: pedicels up to 2 mm to?
glandular-puberulous; calyx glandular-puberulous, the hairs spread-

mm
mm
cm
the tube about 12 mm. long, slightly curved, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 2.5
i
mm. broad upper portion slightly ampliate, the lobes
at throat, the
ovate, subequal, rounded, about 6*5 mm. long and 3 to 4.5 mm. wide;
stamens inserted at about the middle of the tube, the filaments 1.5 mm.
long, the anthers about 2 mm. long, the lobes minutely apiculate at
base; staminodes subulate, 0.5 mm. long; ovary about 2 mm. long,
glabrous, the style about 1 cm. long, the lower portion minutely hir-
sute ; mature capsules not seen.
The specimens cited were collected at altitudes from 1,100 to
2,300 meters.
Caldab Tabeja, west of Armenia, PenncJl, Killip, &, Ilazen 8GoO. (GH, NY).
:
CuNDiNAMARCA Albdn, Gucvara-Amortcgui 267 (US). Forest above Fusa-

:
gasugtl, Pcnnell 2700 (GH, NY, US). Between the quebradas of La Maria and
La Victoria, Sasaima, vicinity of San Bernardo, Oarda-Barriga 12589 (US).
Wooded border of Laguna de Pedro Palo, Munieipio de Tena, Uribe-Urihe 1754
(US).
6. Pseuderanthemum ewanii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 111
Suffrutex, caulibus parce ramosis, deorsum teretibus, sursum sub-

quadrangularibus, aliquanto hirtellis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ellip-
tica, breviter subaciiminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, subchartacea, Integra vel undidata, supra sub-

nitida, glabra, costa et venis obscuris, cystolithis prominentibus, in
costa parallelis, subtus glabra (glandulis rotundis, sessilibus parce
dissitis exceptis), costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus aliquanto
hirtellis, venulis crasse reticulatis; petoli aliquanto breves; racemus
angustus, terminalis, interruptus, pedunculo et rhache dense hirtellis;
bracteae anguste lanceolatae, falcatae, carinatae, hirtellae; bracteolae
lanceolatae, parvae, acutae, subcarinatae, hirtellae; pedicclli graciles,
teretes, pilis subbrunneis, patulis, glandulosis et eglandulosis inter-
mixtis praediti; calycis segmenta angusta, acuminata, hirtella, basi
pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis praedita corolla pallido- ;
rosea, minute pubescens, marginibus loborum glabris, lobis patulis,

ovatis, obtusis vel rotundatis; stamina inclusa; staminodia parva,
curvata ; ovarium et stylus glabri ; capsulae ignotae.
Sparingly suilrutescent plants up to 1 meter high stems terete below,
;
subquadrangular above, moderately hirtellous, the hairs curved, as-

cending, about 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 13 cm.
long and 4.5 cm. wide, short-subacuminate (the tip obtuse), narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous, entire or undu-
late, the upper surface subnitid, glabrous, tlie venation obscure, the
cystoliths prominent, 125 to 175 long, those on the costa parallel, the
jit
lower surface with scattered sessile glands, otherwise glabrous, except

the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs), these rather prominent,
moderately hirtellous, the hairs appressed or ascending, about 0.25
mm. long, the vcinlets coarsely and rather prominently I'eticulatc;
petioles up to 2 cm. long, hirtellous; raceme narrow and spikelike,
terminal, up to 20 cm. long, the peduncle up to 9 cm. long, the lower-
most internode 3 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the
tip, the peduncle and rachis rather densely hirtellous, the hairs more
or less spreading, up to 0.5 mm. long, the flowers crowded into fascicles
of 10 to 15 flowers each nodes of the inflorescence; floral

bracts narrowlv lanceolate
mm
3 mm. mm. wide at base, acute, subcarinate, hirtellous;
long, 0.5
pedicels up to 4 mm. long, terete, densely puberulous, the hairs brown-
17 many of them gland
mm, long, 1 mm. "wide at base, thence gradually nar-
der tip, hirtellous, some of the hairs toward the base
Figure 11 L —Pseudfranthemum fwanii htonaivd {Etvan 15629): a, Tip of plant; t, leaf blade;
f, bract; d^ bractlet^ e, calyx; /, pubescence of lower portion of calyx segment, (a, t,
Half natural size; c-c^ twice natural size;/^ 20 times natural bize.)
of the segments gland-tipped; corolla 2 cm, long, pale pink, finely

pubescent but the margins of the lobes glabrous, the tube 2 mm. broad
at base, enlarged to 2.5 mm. and again narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 5 mm.
above base, the throat 3 mm. broad, the lobes spreading, ovate, up to
7 mm, long and 6 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded at tip stamens in- ;
cluded, about 3 mm. long; staminodes 0,75 mm. long, curved; ovary
and style glabrous, the style about 12 mm. long; capsules not seen.
Type in the Tulane University Herbarium, collected on moist slope
above stream in relict mountain rain-forest, Quebrada Chiniata, 7 km.
228609 — 53 13
east of Hilo, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,430 meters

altitude, May 1, 1944, by Joseph A. Ewaii (No. 15G29).
7. Pseuderanthemum pennellii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 112

Herba suffrutescens, caulibus subqviadrangularibus, sui-sum plus
minusve bifariam pilosis, deorsum glabratis; lamina foliorum ob-
longo-lanceolata, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, marginibus integris vel undulatis, supra glabra
vel parce hirtella, subtus mediocriter hirtella, pilis appressis, praeci-
pue in costa et venis positis, cystolithis nigris ;
petioli plus minusve
hirtelli; racemi simplices vel bifurcati, floribus (1-6) in fasciculis dis-
Figure 112. —Pseuderanlhejnmn pennelliiLeonard (Pennell 10684): a. Tip of plant; b, node

of inflorescence; c, bract; d, bractlet; e, calyx;/, pubescence of calyx; g, corolla; h, stamen
and stamlnode. {a, Half natural size; b-e, h, twice natural size; /, about 22 times natural
she; g, natural size.)
positis; pedunculi et rhaches hirtelli, pilis brunnescentibus bracteae ;
et bracteolae subulatao, carinatae, parce hirtellae, pilis pro parte glan-

dulosis; calycis sogmenta anguste triangularia, hirtella, pilis rectis et
patulis, pro parte glandulosis; corolla pallide violacea, pubcscens,
lobis ovatis, rotuiidatis; filamenta glabra; staminodia minuta.
Herbs up to 30 cm, liigli or more, suffrutescent at base;
stems sub-
quadrangular, the angles rounded, the lower portions glabrate, the
upper parts pilose, the hairs about 0.75 mm. long, confined chiefly to
two lines; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, drying dark olive, up to 11
cm. long and 3.2 cm. wide, acuminate (tlie tip itself blunt), gradually
narrowed at base and decurrcnt on the petiole, the margins entire or
undulate, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the lower
;
surface moderately appressed and

hirtellous, the liairs confined chiefly
these rather prominent, the cystoliths

to costa and veins (7 or 8 pairs) ,
blackish and inconspicuous except under lens petioles 1 to 2 cm.;

long,
more or less hirtellous; flowers borne in fascicles (1 to 6 flowers each)
in simple or forked spikelike racemes up to 10 cm. long, or longer at
maturity, the peduncles up to 4 cm. long, these and the rachis^ hirtel-
lous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, upwardly ascending, brownish, the
lower internodes about 1.5 cm. long (flowering stage) the others suc- ,
cessively shorter toward tip of raceme, the lower pair of bracts lance-
subulate, up to 6 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, carinate, the others
gradually reduced in size toward tip of spike, the bractlets similar but
much smaller, both bracts and bractlets rather sparingly hirtellous
pedicels up to 3.5 mm, long, hirtellous, the hairs spreading, up to 175 fi

long, some of the shorter ones gland-tipped; calyx 4.5 mm. long, the
mil
them
glandular; corollas pale "hortense violet" {Pennell), 15 mm. long,
mm
lobes ovate, 3.5 mm. long, 2.5 to 3 mm
mm
minute
not seen.
U. S
^ r
Colombia
rancis W
Pennell (No, 10684) An isotype is in the Gray Herbarium.
.
Another specimen of this species is Mutis' No. 1500 (US).

P.^r.uderanthemum vennelUi closely resembles P. ellivticum
cum
a 'pnve ^hite.
8. Pseuderanthemum lanceum (Nees) Radllc
Eranthcmum lanccum Nees in DO. Prodr. 11: 451. 1847. Type collected at
Cuello, Department of Tolima, Colombia, by Goudot (Hooker Herbarium,

Kew). The specific epithet, lanceum, lance or spear, alludes to the shape of
the leaf blades.
rscudcranthcnmm lanceum Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Kl. Akad. Wiss.
Mimchen 13 28G. 1883. Based on Eranthemum lanceum Nees.
mm
acuminate^ gradually narrowed to base and decurrent on the petiole^
o-labroiis above, the costa on the lower surface scabrous, the lower
blades a little shorter and wider than the upper petioles short flowers ;
;
terminal
seirments
corolla 10,5 mm. long, white ; capsule 12.5 mm. long.
228609—53 14
30G CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
9. Pseuderaiithcjnum sneidernii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 113

SulTrutex, caulibus ascendentibiis, subquadrangularibus, sursum
gracilibus, parce piiborulis, deorsiiiu glabratis albidis, crassis; lamina
foliorum lanccolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata (apice
ipso obtuso, plus minusve curvato), basi angustata vel rotundata, sub-
am-iculata, marginibus intcgris vel undulatis, supra glabra, cystolithis
minutis subpunctiformibus, subtus puberula, pilis subappressis, minu-
tis, brunnescentibus ;
petioli breves, glabri vel parce pubcrulij pani-
culae terminalcs, pedunculis et internodiis leviter complanatis, parce
Figure XU.—Pjeuderanthevium Leonard (Sneidern 5042): a. Inflorescence; b,

sneidernii
leaf; c, pubescence of racliis; d, node of Inflorescence to
show bracts and bractlcls; e,
calyx; /, calyx segment; g, corolla; h, stamen and staminode; i, valve
of capsule, (a, b,
Natural size; c, about 15 times natural size; d, e, g, i, twice natural size;/, times
5 natural
size; //, 3 times natural size.)
puberulis, floribus solitariis vel f asciculatis bracteae et bracteolae ;
parvae, subulatae, glabrae vel parce pubcrulae; calycis segmenta

anguste triangularia, acuta, parce puberula; corolla alba(?), tubo
angusto, subcylindrico, limbo patulo, lobis oviitis, subobtusis; stamina
glabra; staminodia minuta, sigmoidea; semina plana, verrucosa;
retinacula apice tenuia ot truncata.
Suffrutescent herbs up to 30 cm. high or more; stems ascending,
subquadrangular, the upper portions slender, 1.5 mm. in diameter,
sparingly puberulous, the older portions thickish, up to 3.5 mm. in
diameter, whitisli, glabrate; leaf blades lanceolate or oblong-lancco-
late,the lo\Yerniost leaves up to 8 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, early

deciduous, the upper leaves smaller and persistent, up to 5.5 cm. long
and 1.8 cm. wide, all acute to acuminate (the tip itself blunt and more
or less curved) narrowed or rounded, and more or less auriculate at
,
base, the margins entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous, the
cystoliths numerous, minute and subpunctiform, the lower surface
puberulous, the hairs subappressed, brownish, about 175 to 375 /x,
long, the venation (lateral veins G or 7 pairs) more prominent beneath
than above; petioles up to 2 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly puberu-
cm
broad, the peduncles up to 2.5 cm. long, the lowermost internodes about
15 mm. long, the others successively shorter toward tip of inflores-
cence, both peduncles and rachis slightly flattened, sparingly puberu-
lous, the flowers solitary or several, borne in bracted fascicles, the bracts
mm
similar, up to 1 mm. long, both bracts and bractlets carinate, glabrous
mm. long,
puberulous; calyx 2 mm. long, the segments narrowly triangular (their
tips slenderly acute), 0.5 mm. wide at base, sparingly puberulous;
corolla about 1 cm. long, white( ?), minutely puberulous or the lobes
glabrous, the tube narrow, subcylindric, 1.5 mm. in diameter, the limb
spreading, the lobes ovate, obtusish, about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide;
stamens 3 mm. long, attached at 3 mm. above base of corolla tube,
&
mm
minute, filiform. 0.5 5
mm
more or less sigmoid; capsules clavate, puberulous, about 15 mm. long.
mm
2 mm.thick; seed light brown, flattened, about 3 mm. in diameter,
verrucose; retinacula 3 mm. long, curved, thin and truncate at tip.
H
meters
n Sneidern (No.
emum sneidemii
lanceolate leaves, graceful panicles, minute calyx, and broad-limbed
corollas abruptly contracted to narrow subcylindric tubes. The color
of the flower is not apparent in dried material. It is probably white
but possibly faint purple.
30. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (Bull) Bailoy
Eranihcmum atromrpurenm Bull, Gard. Cliron. 1: 619. 1875, not Hook, f.

1902, Type ^rown in the Establisliincnt for New and Bare Plants, King's
Road, Cbelsoa, London, S. W,, by William Bull. Although publishing the
species in an advertisement, Mr. Bull gives an adequate description and,
inasmuch as the Gardener's Chronicle is a periodical well known to botanists
and available in most botanical libraries, Dr. L. II. Bailey agrees that
F.rantJiemiim utrovnrpurcum is a legitimate name. (Gente.? Herb. 4: 361.
1940). The specific epithet alludes to the purple leaf blades {ater, dark,
and purpureum, purple.)
P sender anthemnm atropurpureiim Bailey, Gentes Herb. 1: 130. 1923. Based
on Eranthcmum atroptirpureum Bull.
Shrubs or small trees up to 2 meters high; stems glabrous except

for
ring, the cystoliths subpunctif orm ; leaf blades ovate or oval to obloug,
up to 15 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, short-acuminate to obtuse and
apiculate at apex, narrowed at base, purple, glabrous, the margins
entire,undulate or sometimes obscurely lobed, both surfaces bearing
numerous mnuite subpunctif orm cystoliths; petioles up to 1.5 cm.
long, glabrous; flowers rather numerous, crowded in subsessile fas-
cicles, theseforming narrow terminal racemes or sparingly branched
panicles, the peduncles (usually up to 4 cm. long), rachis and pedicels
(up to 6 mm. long) glabrous or nearly so; bracts oblong, the lower-
most about 5 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, the others successively
smaller toward the tip of the inflorescence, all ciliolate; calyx seg-
ments narrowly triangular, up to 2.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at
base, acute, ciliolate; corolla 15 to 20 mm. long, glabrous, purple or
white with purple spotted throat, the limb 15 to 20 mm. broad, the
lobes ovate, about 1 cm. long and 7 mm. broad, rounded; ovary
glabrous; mature capsules not seen.
VERN-ACTJI.AR NAME Sau Joaquiu
I {Arists-Josepk s. n.) ; San Jose
{Dug and 3G05).
The native country of Pseuderanthemum atropurpureiim is not
definitelyknown, but was probably somewhere in Polynesia. It is
found frequently in tropical America, either under cultivation or as
an escape. Pickel (No. 2361, Brazil) states on his label that the
capsules are purple.
AtlAntico Barranquilla Bro. Elias 113 (US)
:
; 234 (US) ; Bro. Paul 25 (US),
Miramar, Puerto Colombia, Dugand 3G05 (US).
BoLivAii: Cartagena, Bro. ApoUnar-Angcl 7G2 (US) ; Bro. nUarino-Anncl 109
(US).
CuNDiNAMAECA : Glrardot, P^rcz-ArhcUez 385
(US). La Esperanza, Pircz-
Arheldcz 3148 (US). La Mesa to San Javier, Garcia-BarrUja 12049 (US).
ToLiMA Honda, Bro. Ariste-Joseph A375 (US) s. n. (Bog),
:
;
11. Pseuderanthemum potamophilum Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 114

Frutex, caulibus glabris vel sursum puberulis, cystolithis numerosis,
minutis, subpunctif ormibus; huuliia foliorum oblonga-elliptica, acuta
vel subacuta, basi sensim angustata in petiolum decurrens, supra
glabra, costa et veuis obscuris, subtus glabra, costa et venis aliquanto
prominentibus, pilis paucis, minutis, in costa positis, cystolithis num-
erosis, linearibus, conspicuis; petioli breves, parce puberuli; thyrsi
angusti, terminalcs, floribus in f asciculis condensatis positis, pedunculo
et rhache pubcscentibus; bractcae et bracteolae parvae, lineares, cilia-
— ;
tae; pedicelli breves, pubcruli; ctilycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata,

ciliata; corolla alba vel pallide lilacina, minute puberula, lobis sub-
aequalibus, patulis, anguste ovatis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emar-
ffinatis stamina elabra staminodia miniita, filif omnia ovarium parce
: ; :
um
Shrubs stems glabrous or the uppermost internodes puberul
:
cystoliths numerous, minute, subpimctiform, conspicuous under a
Pseuderanihemum potaviophilum Leonard {a, b, d, Cuatrecasas 11086: c, e-k,

Figure 114.
Tip of plant; leaf and one of the lower nodes; c, small portion of
Cuairecasas 10629) a, : h,
calyx;
leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged to sliow cystoliths; d, pubescence
of rachis; e,
bract; bractlet; h, corolla, {a, b. Half natural size; c, h, natural si?.e; d, about 18
/, g,
times natural size; e, 5 times natural size;/, g, twice natural size.)
lens; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 13.5 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide,
acute or subacuminate (the tip itself blunt), gradually narrowed to
base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire or undulate, the upper
surface glabrous, the costa impressed, this and the lateral veins (6 to
8 pairs) scarcely prominent, the lower surface glabrous with a few

minute hairs borne on the costa, the venation rather prominent, the
cystoliths of both surfaces numerous, linear, about 0.25 mm. long, con-
spicuous under a lens ;

sparingly
petioles up to 5 mm, long,
puberulous
racemes narrow, terminal, spikelike, up to 10 cm. long, peduncled, the
.
flowers rather numerous, cro-vvded in sessile or sliort-peduiicled fasci-

cles, the peduncle up to 6.4 cm. long and, as is the rachis, rather densely
pubescent with whitish, more or less ascending hairs up to 0.25 mm.
long, the lower internodo about 4 cm. long, the others becoming suc-
cessively shortertoward tip of raceme, the uppermost flowers becom-
ing contiguous; bracts narrowly linear, the lov;er pair 5.5 mm. long
and 1 mm. wide at base, the others successively smaller toward tip of
raceme; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, acute or
acumi]iate; calyx about 4 mm. long, the segments narrowly lanceolate,
0.5 mm. wide at base, ciliolate, the pedicels up to 1 mm. long, minutely
puborulous; corolla white or pale lilac, minutely puberulous, the tube
12 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 2.5 mm. broad at mouth, the lobes
subequal, spreading, narrowly ovate, about 1 cm. long ancT 3.5 mm.
wide, rounded or shallowly emarginate at tip; stamens inserted at
about the middle of the corolla tube, glabrous, the fdaments 1.5 nun.
long, slender, the anthers 1.5 mm. long, the staminodes filiform, about
1 mm. long; ovary about 2 mm. long, puberulous; style reaching the
mouth of the corolla tube, puberulous, the stigma minute, capitate;
capsules not seen.
Type in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano, collected in a wet forest
along the Rio Putumayo at Puerto Porvenir, Comisaria of Putumayo,
Colombia, 230 to 250 meters altitude, November 17, 1940, by J. Cuatrc-
casas (No. 10629). Fragment of type in the U. S. National Herbar-
ium, No. 1995427.
Cuatrecasas' No. 11086, collected in wet forests of Qucbrada de la
PTormiga, Rio San Miguel, Putamayo, 290 meters altitude, December
16, 1940, is also of this species (Col)
The leaf blades of Pseuderanthemum fotamo'phihim are large for the
genus and, under a lens, the cystoliths are noticeably numerous and
conspicuous on both surfaces of the blades. The species is further
marked by the dense, crowded sessile or short-pedunculate fascicles of
white or whitish flowers, these forming a narrow, spikelike raceme.
The specific epithet is derived from iroTa/uos, river, and ^tXfw, to love.
12, Pseuderanthemum hylophilum Leonard, sp. nov. Figuke 115
Herba vel frutex gracilis, caulibus subteretibus, deorsum glabris,
sursum pubescentibus, pilis asccndentibus, curvatis lamina foliorum ;
lanceolata, angustc acuminata, basi angustata, subauriculata, firma,

Integra vel undulata, supra glabra, costa impressa, venis obscuris,
subtus parce puberula, pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, venis
prominentibus, cystolithis minutis et inconspicuis; petioli breves,
puberuli racemi terminales, puberuli, angusti, simplices vel bifurcati,
;
pedunculo et rhache pubescentibus, pilis curvatis, ascendentibus,

brunnescentibus bractcae parvae, subulatae, ciliatae; bracteolae
;
minutae, subulatae. ciliatae: calvo.is spo-inonff! nnmiftfn. Innppoljitfi

—
leoxard: the acaxthaceae of Colombia, ii 311
acuminata, puberula; pedicelli breves, piiberuli, graciles; corolla (im-

matura) parva, alba ( ?);,
pubescens.
Suffrutescent herbs or shrubs up to 1 meter high or more stems sub-
;
terete, glabrous below, pubescent at tip, the hairs curved, ascending,

mm
om about
middle
dark olive-green, firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous,
the costa impressed, the venation obscure, the lower surface sparingly
Figure US. Pseuderanihcmum hyhphilvm Leonard {Cuairecasas 15317): a^ Inflorescence;

b, leaf; c, pubescence of rachis; d^ node of inflorescence; c, calyx; /, calyx lobe,
{a, hy Half
natural size; c, about 10 times natural size; J, about V/i limes natural size; f, 3 times
natural size; /, 4 times natural siz.e.)
puberulous, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins
(8 to 10 pairs), these rather prominent, the cystoliths minute and in-
conspicuous even under a lens; petioles up to 1 cm, long, puberulous;

flowers solitary or several borne in fascicles in narrow spikelike termi-
nal simple or forked racemes up to 18 cm. long, the jêduncle up to
6.5cm. long, this and the rachis pubescent, the hairs brownish, curved,
ascending, about 0.25 cm. long, the lowermost internode of the rachis
about 2 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tip of the
raceme, the lowermost pair of bracts leaflike, narrowly lanceolate, up
to 1.5 cm. lone^- the others subulate. 2 mm. loner and about 0.5 mm.
wide reduced in size toward tip of raceme; bractlets

at base, ciliate,
similar but slightly smaller than tlie bracts; calyx 3 to 3.5 mm. long,
puberulouSj the segments narrowly lanceolate, slightly more than 0*5
mm. wide at base, acuminate at tip pedicels slender, about 2 mm*
;
long, puberulous; corolla (immature) about 8 mm. long, white (?),

pubescent, the hairs more or less spreading, about 0.3 mm. long;
capsules not seen.
Type in the U- S. National Herbarium, No, 1852G97, collected in
woods at La bank of Rio Digua, Department of El
Elsa, on the right
Valle, Colombia, 1,000 to 1,200 meters altitude, November 9, 19 i3, by
J. Cuatrecasas (No. 15317), An isotype is in the herbarium of the
Chicago Natural Plistory Museum.
Such characters as its slender, simple or forked racemes and its
lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, chartaceous leaf blades serve to iden-
tify PseuderantJiemum hylopMlum. Only immature corollas are pres-
ent on the type material; the color of these is not apparent. The
specific epithet is derived from vk-q^ forest, and ^tXcw^to love,
13. Pseuderanthemum chaponense Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 116
SufFrutex, caulibus dcorsum tcretibus, glabris, sursum subquad-

rangularibus, aliquanto puberulis, pilis sursum curvatis ; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuminata (apice plus minusve curvato),'
basi angustata, aliquanto finna, Integra vel undulata, supra glabra,
costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, subtus parce hirtella, pilis ascenden-
tibus, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto
promincntibus; petioli glabri
vel puberuli thyrsi angusti, interrupt!, in ramis axillaribus terminales
;
vel paniculam tcrminalem formantes, pcdunculis et rhachibus puberu-

lis, pilis minutis, curvatis; bracteae infimae foliaceae; bracteae su-
prcmae lineares, parce puberulae et ciliolatae; bractolae
acutae,
subulatae, acuminatae, subglabrae vel parce ciliolatae; fasciculi 4-8-
flori pedunculi breves, puberuli calycis sogmenta linearia, acuminata,
;
;
glabra vel parce ciliolata et hirtella; corolla alba, tubo angusto, basi
glabro, sursum dense glanduloso-papilloso, lobis oblongis siibobtusis;
stamina inclusa, filamentis brcvibus, glabris; staminodia brcvia; cap-
sulae ignotae.
Suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high or more; stems simple or
branched, the lower parts terete and glabrous, up to 2.5 cm. in diameter,
the upper parts subquadrangular, moderately puberulous with curved
hairs about 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 9 cm. long
and 5 cm. wide, acuminate, i\\^ tip often curved, narrowed at base,
moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous, the
venation obscure, the cystoliths minute, blackish, 125/i long, the lower
surface sparingly and inconspicuously hirtellous, the hairs ascending,
about lOOju long, the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) more promi-
nent than above; petioles mostly 1 to 3 cm, long, 1 mm. thick, glabrous
or puberulous with curved hairs; panicles up to 6 cm. long and 1.5

cm. broadj interrupted, the peduncle up to 4 cm. long, the lowermost
internode about 2 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward tip,
both peduncles and rachises puberulous with upwardly curved hairs
up to 175ju long, the lowermost branches of the inflorescence subtended
by leaves appreciably smaller than the stem-leaves, the uppermost
flower clusters subtended by linear bracts up to 4,5 mm, long and 0.75
mm. wide at base, sparingly puberulous and ciliolate; bractlets subu-
latej up to 2 mm, long and 0.5 mm. wide at base, acuminate, subglabrous,
Figure 116. — Pseudcranthemum ckaponense Leonard {Lazvrance 441): a^ Tip of plant, half
natural Pseuderanthemum chaponense f, lilacinuvi Leonard {Lawrance 501); by
size,
Portion of fascicle showing bract, bractlct and calyx; c, pubescence of calyx segment;
d, corolla; e, pubescence of corolla tube, {b, d, 3 times natural si2.e; c^ 20 times natural
size; e, 30 times natural size.)
sparingly ciliolate flowers usually about 4 to 8 to a cluster, the pedicels

;
1 mm. long, sparingly puberulous; calyx 4 mm, long, the segments

linear, 3 to 4.75 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, acuminate, glabrous
or sparingly ciliolate and hirtellous, the hairs up to 125// long; corolla
white, the tube narrow, 0.75 mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to
1.5 mm. at mouth, the basal portion glabrous (1.5 mm.) the remainder
,
of the tube densely glandular-papillose, the lobes oblong, about 4 mm.

long and 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, subobtuse; stamens included, 3 mm. long,
the filaments 1.5 mm. long, glabrous; staminodcs minute, barely 0.25
mm. long ; ovary glabrous mature capsules not seen.
;
.
Type herbarium of the Xew York Botanical Garden, collected

in tlie
on bank of stream in forest. El Umbo region, the vicinity of Mount
Chapon in the western part of the Department of Boyaca, Colombia,
^'3,000 ft." altitude, September 19, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance (No,
441).
Pseuderanthemum chaponeiise can be by the slen-
easily recognized
der, densely glandular-papillose corolla tube, and narrow corolla
lobes,
13a. Pseuderanthemum cliaponensê Leonard f, lilacinum Leonard, f. nov.
A forma typica corolla lilacina recedit.

Type in the herbarium of theNew York Botanical Garden, collected
on the bank of a stream in dense forest in El Umbo region, western
part of the Department of Boyaca, Colombia, *'2,500 ft.'' altitude,
October 1, 1932, by A, E. Lawrance (No. 501)
Tlic type specimen of Pseuderanthemum chaponense f. lilacinum
was collected from a plant "2^ ft.'^ high with stems up to "^ inch"
in diameter. ]Mr. Lawrance states that it was ^'beautiful in the forest
and similar to lilac.'' The label on Lawrance 441, the typical white-
flowered form, states that the plant was 15-20 feet high, with stems
iijD to an inch in diameter. These data are probably erroneous. The
specimen indicates that the plant is subherbaceous, slender-stemmed,
and probably only a meter high or less.
14, Pseuderanthemum stenosiphon Loonard, sp. nov. Figure 117
Herba, caulibus simplicibus, subquadrangularibus, pilosis, pilis

septatis, patulis vcl ascendentibus; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
plus minusve falcato-acuminata (apicc ipso obtuso), basi angustata,
aliquanto firma, Integra vel undulata, supra glabra, sub lente minute
alveolata, cystolithis pluribus, conspicuis, subtus aliquanto hirtella,
pilis praccipue in costa et venis prominentibus positis, Aênulis crasse
reticulatis; petioli hirtelli, pilis brunneis, curvatis; paniculae ter-
minales, parce ramosae, fasciculis dispositis, pedunculis et rhachibus
hirtellis, pilis ascendentibus, septatis; bracteae infimae foliaceae;
bracteae supremae anguste lanceolatae, acutae, glabrae vel parce hir-
tellae et ciliolatae; bracteolae bracteis similes sed minores; pedicelli
graciles, puberuli; calycissegmenta anguste lanccolata, acuta, parce
puberuhi; corolla dilute caerulea, pubcruhi vel marginibus loborum
glabra, tubo angusto, limbo lato, lobis ovatis, obtusis vel rotundatis;
stamina brevia; staminodia minuta; ovarium puberulum; capsulae
ignotae.
Herbs up high or more; stems simple, subquadrangularj
to 30 cm,
pilose, the hairs septate, spreading or ascending, about 0.5 nmi, long;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 11 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, more
or less falcate-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed to rounded
—
leoxard; the acanthaceae of Colombia^ ii 315
at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface gla-

brous, minutely alveolate under lens, the cystoliths numerous, con-
spicuous under lens, 175 ;i long, the lower surface moderately hirtel-
lous, the hairs ascending or appresscd, confined chiefly to costa and
veins (6 to 7 pairs), these more prominent than above, tlie veinlets
rather prominently and coarsely reticulate; petioles 1.5 cm< long,
hirtellous T^^'ith brownish, curved liairs; flowers arranged in fascicles
of usually 2 to 8 flowers each, forming sparingly branched terminal
panicles up to 7 cm, long, the peduncles up to 5.5 cm, long, the lower-
FiGURE 117. Psfuderanthevium slenosiphon Leonard (Pe7ir ell 4436): a.Tip of plants JJeaf;
c, pubescence of rachis; dy bract; e, biactleis; /, calyx; g, pubescence of calyx segment.
((3, b, Half natural sr/.e; c, 22 times natural size; d, e^ 6 times natural size;/, 2)^ times
natural size; g, 20 times natural size.)
most internode cm. long, the others successively shorter toward

2.5
tip, both peduncle and racliis hirtellous, the hairs ascendingj up to
0.5 mm, long, septate; bracts subtending the lowermost branches of
the inflorescence linear to narrowly lanceolate, leaflike, 1 to 2 cm.
long, 1 to mm, wide; bracts subtending the fascicles narrowly
C)
lanceolate, up to 3 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide at base, acute, glabrous

or sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate ; bractlets similar to the bracts,
but slightly smaller; pedicels slender, up to 3 mm. long, 0.25 mm. in
diameter, puberulous; calyx segments narrowdy lanceolate, about 3
mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, acute, sparingly puberidous; corolla 12
mm. long, white tinged with bhie (Pennell) . puberulons or the lobes
glabrous toward margins, the tube narrow, 1.25 mm. broad near base,
narrowed at 1.5 mm. above base to 0.75 mm., thence abruptly enlarged
from about the middle to 1.5 mm., the limb 8 mm. broad, the lobes
ovate, 5 mm, long, subobtuse or rounded; stamens attached at middle
of tubcj 2 mm. long, the anthers 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, the
staminodes 0.5 mm. long; ovary puberulous, mature capsules not seen.
at edge of forest about Antizales, Department of Bolivar, Colombia,
1,500-1,800 meters altitude, February 25 or 2G, 1918, by Francis W.
Pennell (No. 443G).
Psender anthemum sfenosiphon can bo recognized among its close
relatives by the bluish flowers with very narrow corolla tubes. Hence
the specific epithet, crreiôs, slender, and alô^v, tube,
lo. Pseuderaiithemum cuatrecasasii Leonnrd, sp. nov. Fkjubfi: 118
Frutex, caulibus subscandentibus, subquadrangularibus, glabris vel

pilis plus minusve bifariam lamina foliorum lanceolata, an-
pilosis;
guste et aliquando f alcato-acuminata, basi angustata, marginibus saepe
recurvata, supra subnitida, glabra vel basi hirtella, costa et venis la-
teralibus aliquanto obscuris, cystolithis minutis et inconspicuis, subtus
parcG hirtella, pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, costa et venis
aliquanto prominentibus; petioli subtus glabri vel hirtelli, supra pi-
losi; panicula terminalis, valde ramosa, ramis interruptis, floribus
paucis in fasciculis dispositis, pedunculis et rhachibus liirtellis; brac-
teae infimae parvae, subulatae, glabrae vel parce hirtellae; bracteae
supremae parvae, anguste triangulares, glabrae vel subglabrae; brac-
teolae similes sed minores; pedicelli graciles, puberuli; calycis seg-
menta anguste triangularia, acuta, glabra vel parce ciliolata; corolla
alba,minute pubcrula, pilis pro jârte glandulosis, lobis ovalibus, ro-
tundatis vel obtusis; stamina brevia, filamcntis glabris, basi cum sta-
minodium parvum curvatum adnatis; capsulae clavatae, minute pu-
berulae, stipitibus gracilibus; retinacula lanceolata, tenuia, acuta;
semina suborbicularia, plana, glabra, tubcrculata*
Shrubs up to 2 meters high, the branches vinelike, subquadrangular,
glabrous or sparingly pilose, the hairs more or less disposed in 2 lines,
up to 0.75 mm. long, spreadii^g or ascending, septate, the larger stems
glabrous, subnitid, clothed with a light brownish bark; leaf blades
lanceolate, up to 12 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate or
falcate-acuminate, narrowed at base, the edges often recurved (giving
the leaf the appearance of being hastate), rather firm, entire or un-
dulate, the upper surface subnitid, glabrous or liirtellous at base, the
costaand lateral veins (5 or G pairs) barely prominent, the cystoliths
minute and inconspicuous, the lower surface sparingly liirtellous, the
liairs about 0.25 mm. long, ascending or subapprcssed, confined chiefly
—
to costa and lateral veins, these more prominent than above ;

petioles
5 to 10 mm. long, glabrous or Mrtellous or the channels pilose with
spreading straight or curved hairs up to 0.75 mm. long; panicles ter-
minal, rather freely branched, up to 12 cm. long and 9 mm. broad,
the flowers more or less secund, 2 to 8 at each node, the peduncle (up to
8 cm* long) and rachis (lowermost internode 2 or 3 cm. long, the
Figure 118. Pseuderanthemuvi cualrecasasii Leonard {a-d^ g^ Cuatrecasas 21646; Cy /, A,
Cuatrecasas 23848): a^ Panicle; h^ portion of panicle to show bract, bractlets and calyx;
c, node with leaf blade; d, pubescencCj edge of calyx segment; e, corolla;/, pubescence of
corolla; g, stamen and staminodc; h^ valve of capûê, {a^ c, Half natural size; i, twice
natural size; d^ 34 times natural size; e^ \]i times natural size;/, 23 times natural size;
^, 4 times natural size; A, natural size.)
others successively shorter toward tip) hirtelloiis with ascending sep-

tate hairs up to 0.75 mm, long; bracts stibtending the lowermost
branches of the inflorescence subulate, 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wîde at
base, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous bracts subtending the flower ;
clusters narrowly triangular, 2 mm* long, 0.5 mm, wide at base, acute,
glabrous or nearly so, the bractlets similar to the bracts but slightly
smaller; pedicels slender, 2 to o mm. long, puberulous; calyx segments
narrowly triangular, 2 mm, long, 0,5 mm. wide at base, acute, glabrous
or spuringly ciliolate; corallas wliite (or the buds purplish ^Yllite)
{Cuatrecasas)^ 12 mm. long, minutely pubcnilous \\\i\\ glandular and

longer Ggkndular hairs intermixed, the tube 1.5 to 2 mm. broad at base,
slightly narrowed at 2 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to
3 mm. at throat, the lobes oval, 5 to G mm. long, 2.5 to 3.25 mm. wide,
rounded or obtuse; stamens attached mm. above base of corolla
at 4.5
tube, 3 mm. long, the anthers 1.25 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad, the
filaments glabrous, united at base with curved staminodos 0.5 mm.
long; capsules clavate, 18 mm. long, 3.5 mm. in diameter, the stipe
slender, 11 mm. long, 1 mm. broad at base, 2.5 mm. broad at base of
seed-cavity, the surface of the capsule sparingly and minutely pu-
bcrulous, the retinacula lanceolate, thin, 2.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide
at base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip seeds 2 in each cavity, sub-
;
orbicular, flat, about 3 mm. in diameter, glabrous, the surface strongly

tuberculate.
Los Carpatos in the valleys of the Call and Pichinde rivers, Depart-
ment of El Valle, Colombia, 1,900-2,100 meters altitude, September 23,
1946, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 21646).
Cuatrecasas' No. 23848 (US) (fruiting specimen), collected below
Queremal along the Kio San Juan in the Kio Digua Valley, El Valle,
1,300-1,500 meters altitude, March 19, 1947, is also of this species.
PsenderantJiemuvi cuatrecasasii very closely related to P, dawei
is
Turrill and may prove after more material can be examined to be only
a form or variation of that species. It differs chiefly in the size of
the plant and the color of the flower.
16. Pseuderanthemum dawei TurriU
PscudcraiUhcmvm dawei TiirrUl, Kew BnU. 1920: 09. 1920. Type in the Kcw
Herbarium, coUected in the Caiica Valley, Colombia, July 5, 1020, by M. T.
Uawe (No. 817). Isotypes in the U. National Herbarium (No. 142565)
S.
and the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.
An erect herb; tips of the stems sparingly hirsute, the hairs about
0.25 mm. long, arranged more or less in two rows, the cysotoliths sub-
punctif orm, inconspicuous leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 8 to 16 cm. long,
;
2.5 to 5,7 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate (the tip itself blunt, more or
lesscurved) y narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, the upper
surface glabrous, bearing subpunctiform cystoliths conspicuous under
a lens, the costa (impressed) and lateral veins (about 9 pairs) rather
prominent, the lower surface glabrous except costa and veins, these
prominent and sparingly pubcrulous, the hairs curved, the cystoliths
less abundant and conspicuous than those of the upper surface petioles ;
(unwingcd portions) up to 1.2 cm. long, the channel sparingly pubcr-

ulous, glabrous beneath; flowers one to several, borne in fascicles in
sparingly branched terminal panicles about IG cm. long and 12 cm.
:
LEONARD: THE ACA^^THACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ II 319

broad, the peduncles up to about 8 cm. long, the lower internode 1 to
1.5 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tips of the
panicle, both peduncle and rachises more or less flattened, sparingly
puberulousj the hairs curved; bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, gla-
brous or nearly so; bractlets minute, linear-lanceolate, barely 1 mm.
long; calyx segments lanceolate, 2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base,
puberulous, 3-nerved; pedicels up to 2 mm. long, puberulous; corolla
purplish, 7 to 8 mm. long, puberulous,some of the hairs glandular, the
tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, 2.3 mm. broad at mouth, the lobes subequal,
ellipticôvate, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, rounded at tip, sta-
mens attached at about the middle of the corolla tube, the filaments
mm
mm. lonfif. minu
puberulous style 3 mm. long, the lower portion puberulous capsules
; ;
not seen.
Usually found in wooded ravines or in dense, damp woods of moun-
tain slopes betAveen 1,400 and 1,800 meters altitude. The flowering
season extends from June to Auirust. Killin notes that the corolla a
are purple-red (No. 5692) Lehmann gives the following field note
.
"Weed with thin weakly ramified stems up to 1 meter in height. Leaves

thin, skinny, dark green, with a greasy sheen. Flowers white, softly
washed with lilac violet."
El Valle: La Cumbre, KilHp 5G02 (US). RoldamUo, Lehmann 8534 (K).
EXCLUDED SPECIES
Pseuderanthemum cordatum (Nees) Radlk.
Type collected atAtacamas, Ecuador, by Sinclair. Erroneously
cited as from Colombia by Nees (DC. Prodr. 11 450. 1847) and from
:
Panama in Index Kewensis.

INDEX
[Synonyms in italics. Page numbers of principal entries in boldface]
Page Aphelandra — Continued I'ftKB
Acanthoidcae 119 leiophvlla 130, 169, !70, 171

Andrographideae 285 lingua-bovis„. 133, 223, 268, 270, 275
Aphanaudrium 120 123 lonchochlamys 130, 165, 166
lehniannianum 120 123 loiigispica 133, 252, 265, 206, 267
Aphelandra 119, 120, 127 12S Ivral a 129, 150
acanthus, 129, 141, 142, 144 147 lyrata y arguta 150
acutifoUa 168 lyrata /3 laxior 150
ad?cendons 129, 158 160 lyrata a latibractea 150
albert-sinithii 132, 232, 233 234 niacrophylla _ 132,
aiexandri 131, 191 192 218, 234, 236, 237, 239
anomala 130, 185, ISG 190 melgariensis 280
arborescens 134,277,278 279 mildbraediana 132, 218 220
arisema 131,200 201 mollis 129, 154 158
aristei 132, 228, 229, 230, 232 280 mutisii 129, 136 137
arnoldii 129 153 nana 130, 171 173
auranliaca 130,10], 1 66, ochrolarynx 129, 160 102
168, 169, 170 173 parvifiora 129 153
barkleyi 132,221,222 223 parvispica 132,216, 218 237
blandii 133, 259, 267 268 pedinaia 183
botanodcs 129, 155, 15(3 157 pharangophila 134, 275, 276 277
boyacensis 131, 198, 199 200 phlogea 130, 189 190
chaponeusis 133,273, 174 275 phobera 129, 143, 144 145
cirsioidos 139 pilosa 131,209, 211 212
coloinl)icnsis 131, 196, 197 198 porphyrocarpa 129, 140 141
conformis 131,194 195 porphyrolepis 129, 148, 149 150
craura 131,207,208 209 prismatica 200
crenata 133,259,260 261 puberula 130,166,167, 168 175
crispata 129,151 152 pulcherrima 131,1 83, 212,
cuatreca=âsii 131,204 205 216, 218, 220, 226, 228 262
daemonia 130, 132, 223, 225 226 qucrcifolia 129 150
deppeana 130, 181 183 runcinata 129 134
dolichantha.__ 131, 204, 206, 207 209 runcinata var. pilosa 129 135
euopla 129,138 139 runcinata var. straminea 129 135
fascinator 131 191 schiedeana 280
fernandezii 133,270 272 schieferae 131,213, 215 216
flava 230 279 schultesii 132, 237, 238 239
garciae 133,256,258,259 270 scolnikae 133, 252 254
glabrata 133, 254, sericantha 133, 245 246
256, 261, 262 268 soricophylla 133, 254 256
glischrochlamys 130, 186 188 silvieola 129, 157 158
grandis 132,226,227 228 sinclairiana 243
haenkcana 183 sneidernii 130, 107, 174 175
hartwegiana 268
133, 246, 261 sLraminoa 133,250,252, 204 267
liaughtii 132,234,239 241 taboronsis 130, 181, 182, 183 277
hodgei 133,252,262 264 trianae 132,230,231 232
huilonîs 129, 146 147 uribei 130,162 164
impressa 130,168,175,178 179 xanthantha 133,248,249 250
incarnata 132, 242,243 244 119 120
Aphelandrcae
killipii _131, 202, 203, 204, 205 206
ABystasiia 120 287
lamprantha 130, 176 178
lasia 130,179,180 181 cor mandeliana 288
lasiophylla 131,192 193 gangetica 288
lawranccae 131,192 195 intrusa.-. 287
321
m 1
Page rage
Awystasieae 1 19, 2S7 Picigallo 213
Babosn 207 1M6 de gallo. 213
Caiicholalma dulce 125 Pîgallo -"-_-"" ""I]"""" 213
Cresla do gallo 135, 213 Psoudoranthcmeae 119, 291
Cvpluicanthus 119, 120,282 PbOLideranthemum 120, 291, 292
atopus 283,284 alatum 295
Ejicoplialosphaera___ 119, 120, 280, 28(5 atropurpereum 293, 307, 308
vitoUina 280, 281 chaponcnse 293, 312, 313, 314
ErauLhoniuin 292 chaponenê f. lilacinum 314
alal urn 292 cordatum 319
atropurpureu 307, 308 cuatrecasasii 293, 316, 317, 318
lanvcu m 305 cuspidatum 295
Goranlia 120 dawei 293, 318
dulcis 12() cllipticum 292, 301,305
Graptophylloae 119, 289 ewanii 292,302,303
Graptopbylliun 289 haughtii 292, 293, 291, 295
Ileniisantlra 127 hylophilum 293,310,311,312
auranliaca 127, 1G8 idroboi 292,295,296,297
Im bricatae 119 lanceum 293, 305
Isoglosscae 119 leiophyllum 292, 297, 298, 299
Just icia 127 pennellii 292, 304, 305
asijstasia 288 poecilanthum 292, 299, 300, 301
crialata . 127 polamophilum 293, 308, 309, 310
gangelica 288 .snnidornii 293, 306,307
pulrherrima __. 127, 212 stcnosiphon 293, 314, 315, 316
scabra 127 Rhombochlamydeae 119, 285
Justicieae 119 Rhombochlamys 119, 285, 286
Lagochilium 127, 286 data 285, 286, 287
maximilianum 127 rosulata 160, 285, 286, 287
molle 151 Rnellia dulcis 125, 126
Neriacanthus 119, 120, 123 San Joaquiu 308
grandiflorus 121, 122 San Jos6 308
lehmamiianus 121, 122, 123 Stenandrium 119, 120, 124,286
purdieanus 120, 121, 123 corymbosum 124, 125
Odontoncmeae 119 dulco 125, 126
Pachystachys.. __ 120, 289,290 humboldtianum 125, 127
albiflora 290 niandioccanum 124
coccinea 29 radicosum 12^J, 125
riedeliana 290, 291 Titirigallo 213
, F_
CONTRIBUT
FROM THE
United States Nation

rawn
Volume 31, Part 3
THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA III 9
By EMERY C. LEONARD
y PtK
WASHINGTON, D. C.
V
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE

Volume 31, Part 3
THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA III 9
By EMERY C. LEONARD
^^
<^M ERICA,
OLUMBUS
Mr.iw<^rtlAL
LIBRARY ^
UNITED STATES
WASHINGTON 1958 :
For Bale by the Superintendent of Document!, U. S. GoTemment Printinf Office

Waghington 25, D. C. • Price $1.75 (paper)
.x
14
-.^'\ '^
> >
-.' I
-, • -, ^ I
i
\ ;
J t
1
(^K
.us
PREFACE
Part the Acanthaceae of Colombia, comprising the subfamilies

I of
Nelsonioideae, Mendoncioideae, and Thunbergioideae and the five
tribes of the first series, Contortae, of the subfamily Acanthoideae,
was published as Part 1 of Volume from the United
31, Contributions
States National Herbarium, pp. 1-117, June 8, 1951. Part II, Con-
tributions from the United States National Herbarium, Volume 31,
Part 2, pp. 119-322, 1953, included the first five tribes of the second
series, Imbricatae, of the subfamily Acanthoideae. Part III consists
of a treatment of the remaining three tribes of the second series,
Imbricatae, of the subfamily Acanthoideae. These tribes consist of
17 genera and 160 species, of which 126 species are described as new.
Also included in Part III are supplements to Parts I and II. The
supplement to Part I includes 10 new spe
20 new species. Part III concludes the treatment of the Colombian
Acanthaceae.
Jason R. Swallen,
Head Curator, Department of Botany,
ceo 0-: iQt;ft iL^-19f^2

CONTENTS
Page
\ Introduction 323
Systematic treatment 323
Subfamily Acanthoideae (continued from Part 2) 323
Series Imbricatae (continued from Part 2) 323
Tribe Odontonemeae 325
Subtribe Diclipterinae 325
Tetramerium 325
Dicliptera 327
Subtribe Odontoneminae 387
Odontonema 388
Razisea 400
Siphonoglossa i 402
Tribe Isoglosseae 404
Subtribe Porphyrocorainae 404
Fiitonia 405
Kalhreyeriella 408
Syringidium 415
Megaskepasma 417
Subtribe Isoglossinae 418
Habracantkus 419
Hansteinia 484
Stenostephanus 486
Tribe Justicieae 487
Justicia 487
Pelecostemon 648
Jacobinia 650
Chaetochlamys 659
Chaetothylax 662
>
Supplement 671
Part 1 671
Part 2 698
>
Appendix 751
List of Numbered Specimens, Parts 1-3 751
Errata, Parts 1 and 2 - 770
Index 775
V
11^3952
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES
Pago
119* Tetramerium nervosum Nees 326
120. Dicliplera trianae Leonard 333
12L Dicliptera sciaphila Leonard 335
122. Dicliplera uribei Leonard 338
123. Dicliptera bogoiensts Leonard 340
124. Dicliptera caucensis Leonard 342
125. Dicliptera confonnis Leonard 344
126. Dicliptera ochrochlamys Leonard 347
127. Dicliptera cuatrecasasii Leonard 348
128. Dicliptera killipii Leonard 351
129. Dicliptera driophila Leonard 353
130. Dicliptera garciae Leonard 355
131. Dicliptera ewanii Leonard 357
132. Dicliptera haiightii Leonard 359
132a. Dicliptera koiei Leonard 361
133. Dicliptera danielii Leonard 363
134. Dicliptera scandens Leonard 365
135. Dicliptera sarcochroma Leonard 367
136. Dicliptera hazenii Leonard 370
137. Dicliptera inamoena Leonard 372
138. Dicliptera megalochlamys Leonard 374
139. Dicliptera hatilliformis Leonard 377
140- Dicliptera sanctae-martae Leonard 379
14 L Dicliptera rhombochlamys Leonard 381
142. Dicliptera nanodes Leonard 382
143. Dicliptera columbiana Leonard 384
144. Dicliptera compacta Leonard 386
145. Odontonema coccineum Leonard 389
146. Odontonema stenostachyiim Leonard 392
147. Odontonema ampelocaule Leonard 394
148. Razisea spicata Ocrst 401
149. Siphonoglossa calcarea Leonard 403
150. Filtonia argyroneura Coem 406
151- Kalbreyeriella cabrerae Leonard 409
152. Kalbreyeriella gigas Leonard 414
153. Syringidium atropurpxireiim Lindau 416
154. Megaskapasma erythrochlamys Lindau — 418
155. Habracanthus syscius Leonard 422
156. Habracanthus trichotus Leonard 424
157. Habracanthus cuatrecasasii Leonard 427
158. Habracanthus aglaus Leonard 429
159* Habracanthus pycnostachys Leonard 431
vn
Vm ILLUSTRATIONS
Paff9
160. Habracanthus hispidulus Leonard 433
161. Habracanthus heliophilus Leonard ,
435
162- Habracanthus erythranthus Leonard 438
1 63. Habracanthus putumayensis Leonard 440
164. Habracanthus fioriferus Leonard 442
1 65. Habracanthus callianthus Leonard 444
166. Habracanthus pilosus Leonard 446
167. Habracanthus killipii Leonard 448
168. Habracanthus charten Leonard 450
169. Habracanthus smiihii Leonard 453
1 69a. Habracanthus xanthothrix Leonard 455
170. Habracanthus xantholeucus Leonard 457
171. Habracanthus ampelinus Leonard 459
172. Habracanthus caucensts Leonard 461
173. Habracanthus antipharmacus Leonard 463
174. Habracanthus oresbius Leonard 467
175. Habracanthus corei Leonard 469
176. Habracanthus lamprus Leonard 471
177. Habracanthus congestus Leonard 473
178. Habracanthus pennellii Leonard 475
179. Habracanthus microcalyx Leonard 478
1 80. Habracanthus hylobius Leonard 480
181. Habracanthus scolnikae Leonard 482
182. Hansteinia charitopes Leonard 485
183. Justicia cystolithosa Leonard 494
184. Justicia chlorostachya Leonard 496
185. Justicia iscknorhachis Leonard 499
186. Justicia charadrophila Leonard 502
187. Justicia oreopola Leonard 504
188. Justicia archeri Leonard 507
189. Justicia blachii Leonard 509
190. Justicia infelix Leonard 511
191. Justicia fuchsiifolia Leonard 516
192. Justicia neurochlamys Leonard 518
193. Justicia rhodoides Leonard 520
194. Justicia daidalea Leonard 522 1
195. Justicia aethes Leonard 525

196. Justicia chrysocoma Leonard and J", rohrii Vahl 527
197. Justicia chrysea Leonard 530
198. Justicia croceochlamys Leonard 533
199. Justicia chaponensis Leonard 537
200. Justicia unguiculata Leonard 539
201. Justicia pampolystachys Leonard 542
202. Justicia hyperdasya Leonard 544
203. Justicia schultesii Leonard 546
204. Justicia erythrantha Leonard 550
205. Justicia leptochlamys Leonard 552
206. Justicia gutierrezii Leonard 654
207. Justicia macarenensis Leonard 556
208. Justicia pharmacodes Leonard 559
209. Justicia phytolaccoides Leonard 561
210. Justicia xanthostachya Leonard 563
^ '
M *
Contributions from the United States National Herbarium
Volume 31
THE ACANTHACEAE
OF COLOMBIA
By EMERY C. LEONARD
Associate Curator of Phanerogams
fe^
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D. C. • 1958

Bulletin of the United States National Museum
umTED states
WASHINGTON : 1958
Publications of the United States National Herbarium
The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the

Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the
Department of Agriculture and continued to be maintained by that
department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports
entitled "Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,"
which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the Na-
tional Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed respon-
sibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the series
where issued by the Department of Agriculture.
Remington Kellogg,
Director, United States National Museum.
Ill
:
Errata —Part 3
Page 426^ line 9 from bottom For ^'ultimal" read "ultimae."
:
Page 487, line 9 from bottom For ''adhatoda" read ''hyssopifoUa:*

:
Page 770, after line 1 insert the following line

'Jacobinia magnifica'' read **JacoMnia oarnea
Nicholson"
772
Cyphacanthus
IV
,^'^-7.
CONTENTS
Paee
Part 1. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, I: Subfamilies Nel-

sonioideae, Mendoncioideae, Thunbergioideae,
Acantboideae. (Published June 8, 1951) . . . 1-117
Part 2. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, II: Subfamily
Acanthoideae, continued. (Published Novem-
ber 10, 1953) 119-322
Part 3. The Acanthaceae Colombia, III: Subfamily
of
Acanthoideae, completed. (Published February
4, 1958) 323-781
V
The Acanthaceae of Colombia
^!.:
ILLUSTRATIONS ^^
Page
Leonard ^^'
21L Justicia cabrerae
569
212. Justicia kucerythra Leonard
^71
213. Justicia enarthrocoma Leonard
S*^^
214. Justicia sanchezioides Leonard
^76
215. Justicia homoea Leonard
5S3
216. Justicia porphyrocoma Leonard
^^^
217. Justicia sciota Leonard
^S8
218. Justicia phlebophylla Leonard
219. Justicia malacophylla Leonard ^90
^^^
220. Justicia pelianihia Leonard
^^^
221. Justicia anahasa Leonard
^^*
222. Justicia aurantiaca Leonard
599
223. Justicia jacobinioides Leonard
60^
224. Justicia novogranatensis Leonard
^^5
225. Justicia atacta Leonard
^^'
226. Justicia ephemera Leonard
^0^
227. Justicia chloanantha Leonard
^^^
228. Justicia helonoma Leonard
^^^
229. Justicia namatophila Leonard
^^^
230. Justicia idiogenes Leonard
^25
231. Justicia fusagasugana Leonard
232. Justicia scytophylla Leonard ~
^*
233. Justicia killipii Leonard
632
234. Justicia graphophylla Leonard
634
235. Justicia petraea Leonard
636
236. Justicia sterea Leonard
237. Justicia sciera Leonard
^^^
238. Justicia stereoslachya Leonard ^^
239. Justicia hodgei Leonard
^^
240. Justicia hygrohia Leonard ^^^
24L Pelecostemon trianae Leonard ^^
242. Jacohinia axiologa Leonard ^53
243. Jacobinia amphibola Leonard ^^6
244. ChaetocUamys columhicnsis Leonard ^^1
245. Chaeiothylax leucanthus Leonard.. ^64
246. Chaetothylax haughtii Leonard
^^
668
247. Chaetothylax huilensis Leonard
672
248. Staurogyne leptocaulis Leonard
674
248a. Mendoncia trichota Leonard
675
248b. Mendoncia phalacra Leonard
248c. Mendoncia garciae Leonard *J
681
249. Hygrophila tyttha Leonard
688
249a. Ruellia aurantiaca Leonard
690
250. Ruellia graniii Leonard
693
251. Ruellia macarenensis Leonard...^
695
252. Ruellia gorgonensis Leonard
697
253. Teiiostachya petraea Leonard
254. Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees ^^^
255. Aphelandra grangeri Leonard ^62
256. Aphelandra gilva Leonard
^J^5
257. Aphelandra andrei Leonard ^^°
258. Aphelandra quadrifaria Leonard
^ ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
259. Aphelandra fosbergii Leonard _ 711
260. Aphelandra phalacra Leonard ^ 713
261. Aphelandra diachyla Leonard
7^5
262. Aphelandra pinarotricha Leonard
717
263. Aphelandra graniii Leonard 710
264. A phelandra coccinantha Leonard
722
265. Aphelandra trichota Leona^rd
^ 724
266. Aphelandra atecmarta Leonard
__ 727
267. Psender anthemum ctenospermum Leonard 732
268. Psenderanthemum chilianthium Leonard 735
269. Psender anthemum diachylum Leonard , 730
270. P senderanthemum dadodes Leonard "
749
271. P sender anthemum galhamim Leonard
742
272. Psender anthemum micranthum Leonard 744
'i'JZ. Pseuderanihemum ' "
thelothrix hôxiBxd 747
274. Psender anthemum chocoense Leonard ^ 749
THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III
By Emery C. Leonard
INTRODUCTION
three tribes of the series Imbricatae, which are
The remaining
Acanthaceae of Colombia", arc as follows:
sated in this part of "The
11, Odontonemeae
12, Isoglosseae
13, Justicieae
(continued from Part
i
Subfamily 4. ACANTHOIDEAE 2)
Series B. IMBRICATAE
artificial
in Parts II and III of this mono
Imbricatae, which are treated
Anthers with 2 fertile cells.
21. Asystasia
Stamens 4
Stamens 2,
Staminodes present.
23.
^ . _
Pseuderanthemum
, .
Corolla limb equally or subequaUyS-Iobed..—

Corolla limb 2-lipped. „«
26.
«, x _
Odontonema
Bracts small and inconspicuous
22. Pachystachya
Bracts large and conspicuous
Staminodes absent. ., x i +„ , .
by two partially unit d bracts; placenta

Stems 6-angled; calyx subtended
valves 25. Dicliptera
separating from the mature capsule
or subquadrangular; bracts distinct; placenta remammg
Stems subterete
attached to the capsule valves, ^ on t?-^.^.««,-o.
conspicuously colored. . 29. Fittonia
, ,
Costa and veins of the leaf blades

not conspicuously colored
Costa and veins of the leaf blades
these forming a congested head ter-
Flowers borne in short spikes,
branches 39. Chaetochlamys
minating the tips of the
if forming spilces these not contracted
Flowers variously disposed,
into a dense terminal head.
Corolla tube very slender, not exceeding 1 mm. in diameter.
Siphonoglossa
28.
tube not noticeably slender, usually more than 1 mm.

Corolla
in diameter.
Nat. Herb. 31, pt. 2:: 119-322. 1963.

>E 0. Leonard. Contr. U. 3.
323
Anther lobes superposed, often obliquely affixed and at

least
the lower one apiculate or calcarate 36. Justicia
Anther lobes slightly, if at all, superposed, parallel, muticous.
Bracts large and brilliantly colored 32. Megaskepasma
Bracts, if large, not brilliantly colored.
Spikes 4-angled, the bracts quadrifarious, conspicuous,
ciliate, cuspidate 24. Tetramerium
Spikes, if present, not as above 38. Jacobinia
Anthers with 1 fertile cell.
Lower celt of anther vestigial.

Vestigial cell similar to the upper fertile cell
but much smaller and sterile
or in some species reduced to a short hairlike organ..
. 40. Chaetothylax
Vestigial cell represented by a thin triangular wing.. 37. Pelecostem
Lower cell of anther lacking.
Stamens 2.
Upper lip of the corolla relatively long and narrow.
Inflorescence spicate; lower lip of the corolla
triangular, the tip acute
and minutely trilobate 30. Kalbreyeriella
Inflorescence paniculate; lower lip of the corolla
oblong-cuneate with
a rounded trilobate tip
33. Habracanthus
Upper lip of the corolla relatively short and often lobelike.
Upper lip of the corolla abruptly bent, the corolla appearing
obliquely
truncate; flowers borne in a narrow spikelike
raceme.
jj ,. 27. Razisea
Upper hp J.
of the corolla more or less erect, not abruptly bent; flowers
borne in panicles.
Tip of the upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed
3L Syringidium
Tip of the upper lip of the corolla entire.
Panicles loose; corollas relatively long, the
expanded portion oblong.
Hansteinia
34.
Panicles dense and narrow; corolla short, the expanded portion
subcylindric 35. Stenostephanus
Stamens 4.
Corolla lobes subequal, spreading.
Bracts pink or white; plants shrubby
^
15. Neriacanthus
Bracts usually green; plants herbaceous
16. Stenandrium
Corollas 2-lipped.
Calyx 3-parted
19 Cyphacanthua
Calyx 5-parted.
Pollen grains spherical, the surfaces divided
into tetragons.
^ „ 18. Encephalosphaera
Pollen grains elongated, cleft.
Pollen grains with 3 longitudinal clefts, often
with a pore in each
cleft
17 Aphelandra
Pollen grams with the clefts much broader
and flatter (i. e., stave-
shaped), each containing a pore. 20. Rhomb ochlamys
LEONARD— THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, IH 325
Tribe 11. Odontonemeab
Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 47. 1893; Engl. & Prantl

Odontonemeae Lindau,
Pflanzenf. IV, 3b. 287. 1895.
tribe as having "Spangenpollen" (9 longitudinal

Lindau defines this
middle one of each group broader
and and 2 or occasionally 4
stamens.
Subtribe 11a. Diclipterinae
Diclipterinae Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. IV, 3b: 287, 331. 1895.
Her bs or shrubs; flowers (in Dicli])tera) subtended by 2 pak-s or

forming an involucre, the bractlets
mor of partly united bracts
segments, these usually hyaline
often indistinguishable; calyx of 4 or 5
anthers 2-or 1-celled (2-celled in
or colored; corolla 2-lipped, the
capsules 2- or 4-seeded, the placenta
Tetramerium and Didiptera) ;
maturity. Of this subtribe 2

separating from the capsule walls at
(rpnprfl. n.rp. rftnresented in Colombia:
24. Tetramerium
25. Diclipte
24. TETRAMERIUM Nees
Sulph. 147. 1844. The epithet is from the

Tetramerium Nees in Benth. Bot. Voy.
the closely imbricated quadnfarious
Greek rtrpaixipi^, 4-parted, and refers to
Tetramerium is a nomen conservandum, with the type
bracts of the spikes.
designated as T. -polydachyum Nees.
Fruticose or suff ruticose stems usually

; much branched, the pubes-
lines; leaves sessile or petioled,
cence often disposed in 2 opposite lateral
glabrous or pubescent; flowers borne
the blades linear to ovate, entke,
spikes, the bracts conspicuous, usually
in terminal or axillary 4-angled
cuspidate at tip; calyx 4- or 5-
closely imbricate, opposite, ciliate,
infundibuliform to tubular, the
parted, the segments ciliate; corollas
upper lip entire or emarginate,
tube straiglit or slightly curved, the
equal; stamens included, the
the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes nearly 2,
toward the apex, one a little longer than

anther sacs slightly converging
capsules obovate, apiculate, contracted below into a sohd
the other;
(sometimes 2-seeded) seeds flat-
base, usually hispid and 4-sceded ;
tened, tubcrculate or muriculate.

in this genus. Its range
About 25 species have been established
United States to Colombia and Ecuador.
extends from the southern
1. Tetramerium nervosum Nees T^^ô^fo'l?
Nees, in Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 148, pL 4S. IS^^.
Telramerium nervosum
Guayaquil, Ecuador, by Sinclair. The specific
Type collected at Puna, near
epithet alludes to the strongly nerved bracts.
Blcchum angustius Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 467. 1847. Type

collected at
Cartagena, Department of Bolivar, Colombia, January-February
1826, by
Billberg (No. 1) (Isotype S). Cf. Leonard, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 31: 63
1951.
esceiit herbs uj 1 meter high, the branches

stems subterete
mm. Ions: but sometimes
ed Q two rows, the IS bearing
subpimctiform c
d
I
acummate (the tip itself obtuse or acute, some
subcordate or rounHf^H nt, hjifif> t,liAiir*nof aiii.f«î
Figure 119.— Te tram erium nervosum Noes {a-c, Haught 4760; d-f, Pennell 4026): a Tip
of plant; J. bract; c, bractlet; d, corolla;
valve of capsule;/, seed,
e, {a, Haif'natural
size; h-d, natural size;
e,f, about twice natural size.)
sparingly hirsute with ascending straight or

curved hairs about 0.5
mm. long, the costa and veins (4 or 5 pairs) rather prominent and more
mmute appressed hairs, the lower surface
cm
mm
ulous; spikes terminal, up to 20 cm. long or
more, 2 cm. broad, the
rachis densely hirsute to glabrate; bracts rotund-ovate
to ovate, up to
12 mm. long and 9 mm. wide, short-acuminate and cusnirlfltft CtliA tm
LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, HI 327
more or less recurved, the cusp 0.5 to 1 mm. long), rounded or abruptly
subpetiolate base, sparingly hispid-
contracted below the middle to a
with white spreading or ascending
ulous, the smaller hairs intermixed
hispid-ciliate, the hairs
ones up to 2 mm. long, the margins strongly
and lateral veins
jointed, white, up to 2.5 mm. long, the costa 2 pairs of
prominent; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, about 2 mm. long and O.S
at base, acuminate, hispid-ciliate; calyx lobes 4, linear-

mm. wide
mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base; corolla white oi
lanceolate, 2 to 3
10 mm.long, essentially glabrous, the lips about 5.^
purplish white,
upper one oblong-obovate and emarginate, the lower lij
mm. long, the
3-lobed, the lobes oblong-obvate, 5 to 5.5 mm. long and 1.8 mm. wide
rounded at tip; capsules clavate, 5 mm. long, 1.8 mm. broad, 1.5 mm
thick minutely hirsute, the narrowed base about 2 mm. long; seeds 4
mm. long and l.z mm
strongly papillose.
Plants of this £ Lriable in aspect. During the earlier
firm, and the spikes moderately long,
from 2 to 5 cm. in length. With

from the stem
shreds.
y or damp
Limited America \
America
San L^zaro, Billberg s. n. (S). Sinc^,
BoLfvAR: La Popa, Billberg 1 (S).
PenneiM026 (GH, US). „ c iAn»

Magdalena: Barro Blanco, Fon^Tî 4760 (US). Bonda, H rr vt. Ô^
La Paz,
^-/"J^'^
Haught 3931 (Ub).
(GH, Ph, NY, S, US). Gaira, H. H. Smith (NY).
H. H. Smith 1973 (GH, Ph, NY, US).
Play'a Br'ava,
Santander: Bucaramanga, Araque & Barkley 18S.316 (US), 18S.321 (US).
25. DICLIPTERA Juss.
AmcXIs, double-folding, i. e., having

DicUptera Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 267. 1807.
alluding to the two recurved apparently winged
two valves and Trr.pdv, wing,
DicUptera is a nomen conservandum, the
valves of the dehisced capsules.
as £>. chinensis (L.) Juss. (Justiaa chmensts L.).
type of which is designated
Stems
mos
cymes, these forming spikes or panicles subtended by
bracts; calyx 5-parted, hyaline;
aTuvolucre of 2-4 pairs of conspicuous
the limb 2-lipped; stamens 2, the
corollas narrow, slightly ampliate,
the longer one sometimes calcarate at
anther sacs often unequal,
staminodes
from their walls and
the cell wall of the capsule valve; seeds 2 or 4.
Nearly 300 species of this genus have been described from the
tropical and temperate regions of the world. The species are easily
recognized by the hexagonal stems and the flattened bracted reduced
cymes.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
A. Bracts subtending the cyraules narrow, cuneate.
Flowers secund, borne in lax spikes, these forming large branched
terminal
panicles.
Outer pair of bracts subtending the flowers subulate 1. D. assurgens
Outer pair of bracts subtending the flowers oblong to
oblong-spathulate,
abruptly acute at tip 2. D. vahliana
Flowers borne in peduncled or subsessile flattened compound cymes.
Cymes loose, 3-parted, the peduncles slender, up to 4.5 cm. long.
3. D. trianae
Cymes compact, usually composed of 6 or more cymules, sessile or
subsessile, crowded
dense axillary clusters.
in
B. Bracts subtending the cymules conspicuously ciliate, the hairs 0.75
to 1 mm. long.
C. Outer bracts subtending the cymules acute, not cuspidate; corollas
2 to 3 cm. long, often red.
Capitula axillary; corollas 3 cm. long 4, D. sciaphila
Capitula axillary and terminal, the uppermost aggregated;
corollas
2 cm. long.
Outer bracts of the cymules densely ciliate, 12 mm. long.
5. D. uribei
Outer bracts of the cymules sparingly cihate, 15 mm. long.
D. hogotensis ^.
C. Outer bracts subtending the cymules cuspidate; coroUas usually
light purplish, 1 to 2.5 cm. long.
Leaf blades, at least the uppermost, obtuse or rounded,
conspicu-
ously mucronate 7. 2) pii^sa
Leaf blades acute, subobtuse or acuminate, not conspicuously
mucronate.
D. Stems hirtcllous or pilosulous, the hairs 0.5 ram. long, the
angles acute or narrowly winged, light greenish.
Outer bracts subtending the cymules lanceolate, the cusp 1.5
mm. long, acute 8. D. caucensis
Outer bracts subtending the cymules oblanceolate, subobtuse,
the cusp 0.75 mm. long 9. D. conformis
D. Stems sparingly pubescent or glabratc, the hairs 0.25 mm.
long or less, the angles rounded.
Outer bracts subtending the cymules thin, whitish except the
tip, the posterior one about 9 mm. long
D. ochrochlamya
10.
Outer bracts subtending the cymules firm, green, except the
whitish base, the posterior bract 13 mm. long.
_ 11. Z), cuatrecasasii

B. Bracts subtending the cymules not conspicuously
ciliate, or if so,
the hairs mostly less than 0.5 mm. long.
E. Stems pilosulous or hirtellous, the hairs spreading or retrorscly
curved.
—THE
I r
LEONARD ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, HI 329
Outer cyraule bracts cuspidate.

Tip of the cymulo bracts abruptly cuspidate 12. D. killipii
Tip of cymule bracts gradually narrowed to cusp-- 13. D. driophila
Outer cymule bracts acute or apiculate, not cvispidate.

Posterior cymule bract oblanceolatej 2.25 mm. at its widest part;
basal portion of the cymules yellowish green,__- 14. D, garciae
Posterior cymule bract lanceolate, 3.5 mm. at its widest part;
basal portion of the cymules green or greenish white.
Costa of smaller cymule bract bearing at least a few spreading

hairs up to 1.25 mm. long 6. D.bogotensis
Costa of cymule bracts not long-pilose.
Lower surface of leaf blades glabrous or sparingly puberulous.

carmine, yellow in throat.. 15. D, ewanii
Corollas dull
Lower surface of leaf blades rather densely puberulous or sub-
tomentose.
Outer bract subtending the cymule subobtuse and api-
culate 16. DJiaughtU

Outer bract subtending the cymule acute 17. D. koiei
sparingly puberulous, the hairs minute, curved or

E. Stems glabrous or
appresscd.
Outer bract subtending cymule cuspidate 11. D. cuatrecasasii
Outer bract subtending cymule acute, not cuspidate.

outer cymule bract prominentj hirtellous, intercostal
Nerves of the
area subglabrous D. danielii 18-
the pubescence evenly
Nerves of the outer cymule bract obscure,
distributed,
terminal, forming a rounded headlike thyrse.
Capitula mostly
D. scandens
19.
Capitula mostly axillary, only the uppermost aggregated to form

a narrow spikelike thyrse.
Leaf blades large, up to 16 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, thin.
20. /). sarcochroma
Leaf blades smaller, up to 8 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, firm.
Inner surface of the outer bracts subtending the cymule

moderately to densely puberulous 2L D, hazemi
Inner surface of the outer bract subtending the cymule
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous 22. DAnamoena
A. Bracts subtending the cymules broad, ovate.

Posterior cymule bract up to 23 mm. long and 25 mm. wide.
up to 15 mm. long, the cymes
Basal portion of peduncle below joint
usually 3-parted 23. D. megalocUamys
Basal portion of peduncle below joint up to 5 mm. long, the cymes
2-parted_.-. 24. D. batilliformis
;
Posterior cymule bracts up to 16 mm, long and 17 mm. wide.

Cymule bracts thin, rounded or obtuse and apiculate.
25. D, sandae-martae
Cymule bracts firm, acute to obtuse.
Cymule bracts narrowed at base.
Stems and peduncles puberulous 26. D. rhomhochlamys
Stems and peduncles glabrous 27, D, nanodes
SSSITO—ST 2
330 CONTRTBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Cymulc bracts truncate or shallowly cordate at base.

Cymes solitary, mostly 2-partcd 28. D. colwnbiana
Cymes sevcralj crowded in the axils; usually 3-parted.
29, D. compada
L Diclipfera assurgens (L.) Juss.
Justicia assxirgcns L. Syst, Nat, ed. 10, 850. 1759, Type locality; Jamaica.
The specific epithet is from the Latin ''assurgere/' to rise up, in allusion to
the ascending stems.
Didiptera assurgens Juss. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 9: 2G9, 1807. Based
on Justicia assurgens L.
Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems erect or ascending, up to 5 mm,

thick toward base, hexagonal toward tip, sulcate, the angles narrowly
prominent
cm. lontr and 2,5 cm
wide or the lowermost larger, all acute or short-acuminate at tip,
narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, both surfaces
glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) bearing a few
scattered hairs, the cystoliths rather prominent; petioles slender, up
cm, loniT or more
curved hairs; flowers usually solitary, more or less sccund in lax
spikes, these forming large terminal much branched panicles, the
rachis glabrous or bearing a few minute scattered whitish disk-tipped
hairs, the basal internodcs cm. long, the others successively
1 to 2
shorter toward tip of branches, the branches of the panicles subtended
by leaves similar to the main stem leaves but smaller, the flowers
1^ V^^ m ^^^ _^
mm. long and 0.5 mm

at base, glabrous or minutely ciliolate near base with papular hairs;
mm. long, 1 mm.
hairs intermixed
mm
most
mm
sional mushroom-like glandular hairs; calyx subhyaline,
larger
2,5 mni. long, the segments triangular, 1 mm. long, acute, ciliate,
the hairs about 115 m long, the midrib of the bracts prominent,
green; corollas red or orange-scarlet, finely pubescent, 3,5 cm. long,
mm
cm
mm
mm
mm
middle one 0.5 mm
rounded; stamens reaching almost to the tip of the upper lip of the
filament
mm., minu
LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 331
numerous towards the tip, the anthers oblong, 2.5 mm. long and 1.5
mm., wide; capsules oval, 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick,
the sides flattened, the basal portion soHd and 1.5 mm. long, obtuse at
brown, flattened, oval, about 2
tip, hirtellous, 2-seeded; seeds reddish
mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, the surface roughened, bearing numerous
'orm hairs; retinacula about 1 mm
at tip.
meadow more
less damp sandy soil. West Indies and northern South America.
Barranquilla, Fosberg 21438 (US). Puerto
AtlXntico: Barrio del Prado,
Colombia, Barkley & GvtUrrez 1857 (US). Hacienda Cachubana, Usiacurf,
Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2371 (US).

Magdalena: Rio Frfo, Santa Marta, Walker 1282 (US).
2. DicHptera vahliana Nees
Dicliptera vahliana Nees in DC. Prodr. 489.U:

1847. A number of cotypes
Bertero collected at Santa Marta,
are cited, the first mentioned being that of
honor Martin Vahl, a Swedish
Colombia. The species was named in of
and a student of Linneaus. Vahl traveled
botanist of the 18th century
extensively in the West Indies and northern South America.
Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems erect or ascending, hexagonal (the
green, thinly pubcrulous, the papular

angles narrowly winged), drying
amber or whitish disk-tipped ones;
hairs interspersed with scattered
long and cm. wide or the
leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 5 cm. 2
at apiculate, nar-
lowermost larger, obtuse or short-acuminate tip,
both surfaces glabrous

rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
pairs), these sparingly hirtel-
except the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5
to 1.5 cm. long, the channels
lous with apprcssed hairs; petioles 1
mm
mor
ppcrmost
with minute glandular ones, the
the papular hairs interspersed
similar
main stem
subulate bracts 1.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide at base, glabrous;
outermost
mm. lone:, 1 mm
intermix
! mm. long, 0.5 mm
acuminate calyx subhjâline, 2, mm
campaniilate, tlie segments lar. 1 mm, lone:, 0.7
or glabrous toward base; corollas red, finely

wide, papular-puberulous
pubescent (the hairs 0.25 mm. long), 28 mm. long, the tube 15 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1 mm. at 1.5 mm. above
>.«ca' fhpnpp, ptdftrtred to 5 mm. at mouth, the lips about equal, 12^mm.
mm. wide at base, gradually

narrowed mm
mm.
wide at base, gradually narrowed to 2 mm. nes
f terminated by 3 low rounded
lobes about 0.25 mm
and 0.5 mm. wide; stamens partly enclosed by th( ./
corolla and reaching to its apex, the filaments minu

base, the hairs retrorsely curved, about 0.25 mm.
mm mm. broad, bearing a few minute mj
to 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad. 1 mm
mm
mm. long, the tip of the capsule emarginate and
surface except the basal portion rather densely pubescent,
the hairs
retrorse, about 0.5 mm. long; seed light brown, oval,
flattened, about
2 mm. long and broad, sparingly puberulous, the hairs papular and
retrorsely barbed.
Vernacular names are "canilla de laura," and "canilla de golero"
{Dugandc& Jaramillo 2798).
Didiptera vahliana is closely related to D. assurgens, but can
be
easily separated by its oblong spathulate outer pair
of involucre bracts.
In D. assurgens these are strictly subulate.
Fields, thickets and waste places in general. Southern United
West Indies. Occurs
altitudes usually at or below 200 meters
AtlXntico: Barranquilla, Bro. Paul B-26 (US); Lehmann 7849 (K).

Arroyo
de Megua, Dugand & Jaramillo 2798 (US).
BoiivAit: Cartagena, Schott 5 (NY). Rfo Sinu, Pcnnell 4779 (NY). Sinc^
'
Pennell 4037 (NY). Turbaco, Penncll 4750 (NY).
Magdalena: Playa Brava, vicinity of Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1488 (Ph
NY, US). '
3. Dicliptera trianae Leonard, sp. nov.

Figure 120
Herb
minutis, arete adpressis lamina foliorum
;
vel ovato-lanceolata, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso),

basi rotundata
petiolum
•membr utrinquo glabra vel parcissime hirtella,
subtus sub lente minute papillosa, costa et venis aliquanto pro-
mmentibus
terminaiis mis
cm
termixtis; bracteae cymas
triangulares, acuminatae, carinatae, glabrae vel parce hirtellae,
pedunculis cymularum inaequalibus, subhexagonis,
dense hirtellis,'
pilis acutis et pilis glandulosis intermixtis;
bractea major exterior
cymulam subtendens triangulari-ovata, acuta, carinata, costa nromi-
LEONARD —THE AC.\NTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, IH 333
nente, utrinque aliquanto dense hirtella, pilis rectis, patulis; bractea

minor exterior cymulam subtendens lanceolata, acuminata (apice
saepe recurvato), costa prominente, utrinque hirtella, pilis acutis et
glandulosis intermixtis, bracteis ambis viridibus, marginibus deorsum

albidis; bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae, marginibus
albidis, puberulae, pilis acutis et obtusis intermixtis; calycis segmenta
triangularia, minute hirtella: coroUa hirtella,
tube subacq labio inferiore trilobate, lobis

suborbicularibus, subobtusis
Herbs; stem erect or ascending, subhexagonal, glabrous
rtellous, the hairs closely appressed, minute; leaf blad
ftvntfi-lftnceolate. un to 4 cm. lone and 1.5 cm. wide acuminate
Figure 120.—DicHptera trianae Leonard {Triana, EI Cauca): a. Second node from base of
bracts subtending the cyme; c, the larger of the outer

inflorescence; b, one of a pair of
marginal hairs of same; the smaller of the outer
bracts subtending the cymules; d, g,
calyx; marginal hairs of one of the segments,

bracts;/, one of the innermost bracts; g, h,
(a, Natural size, b, c, e-g, twice natural size; d, 12 times natural size; A, 8 times natural
size.)
(the tip itself blunt), rounded or narrowed at base and briefly de-
current on the petiole, entire or undulate, firmly membranaceous,

both surfaces glabrous or very sparingly hirtellous, the lower surface
minutely papillate under lens, the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs)
moderately conspicuous; petioles slender, up to 4 mm. long, glabrous or
the channels minutely hhtellous; flowers borne on narrow open panicles

broad more, the cymes, usually in pairs,
un to 18 cm. long: and 5 cm. or
cm
mm. Ions:, some
them dand-tinped bracts subtending the
;
cymes narrowly triangular
acuminate, carinate, about 2 mm. long: and 0.5 mm, wide at base
cymules
middle one ud to 8 mm
all subhexagonai, densel}^ hirtellous with a mixture of glandular and
.25 mm. long; ou
mm. lonar, 3 mm
base, acute (the costa prominent), carinate, both surfaces rather
densely hu'tellous, the hairs straight, erect, up to 0.25 mm
smaller outer bract subtending the cymule lanceolate, 6 mm
2 mm. wide at about 2 mm. above base, acuminate (the tip often
recurved), the costa prominent, both surfaces of the bract hirtellous
with a mixture of glandless and erect straight glandular hairs about
0.25 mm. long, both the outer bracts green except their white basal
margins; innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, 5.5 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide near base, green with whitisli margins, acuminate, puberulous
with a mixture of sharp and bluntish hairs up to 0.2 mm. Ions; calyx
5 mm. long, puberulous with stoutish hairs rarely more
long, the segments of the calyx narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long,
0.75 mm. wide at base, acuminate, whitish; ovary minutely hirtellous;
corolla about 12 mm. long, hu-lcllous, the hairs spreadiiig, about
0.2 mm. long, the tube narrow, about 2 mm. broad at mouth, the lips
subequal, about 4 mm. long, the lobes of the lower lip suborbicular
mm
Herbario Nacional Colombiano
partment of Cauca, 1,000 meters altitude, February 1853, by J.
Triana (No. 4093.1-1). Isotygo: K.
When compared with other Colombian species of the genus,
Dicliptera trianae is strikingly distinct in the character of its in-
florescence. dried
ma
4, Dicliptera sciaphila Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 121
SufFrutox, caulibus obscure hexagonis, crasse sulcatis, glabris vel
bifariam pubesccntibus, piliscurvatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata,
acuminata, basi angustata, inpetiolum brevitcr decurrens, membrana-
cea, intogra, parce pilosa, pilis sacpe in costa ct vcnis positis; petioH
graciles, subtus glabri, canali pubescente, pilis m.inutis ct curvatis;
capitula axillaria, peduncuhs aliquanto brevibus, bifariam pubesccn-
tibus, pilis curvatis; cymula 5-flora, subsessilis; bracteae aliquanto
magnae, bractea exterior oblongo-elliptica, acuta, viridis, basi
angusta, albida, subtus parce et minute hirtella, supra pubcrula,
ma mmor
interiores subulates, lanceolatac, acumin
>atulis; calyx (siccus) fulvus, segmentis a
—
LEONARD THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, HI 335
acuminatis, puberulis; corolla rubra, minute et parce pubescens,

stamina
filamentis
Suffrutescent stems
; obscurely drying olive
hexagonal, green J
arsely sulcate, glabrous or pubescent, the hairs disposed in 2 lines
rved. about 0.75 mm. long, the lowermost internodes about 10 cm
Figure 121. Lieonard

/,
segment
portion of cal>TC enlarged to show pubescence, {a-c, e-f,
segment; g, small
about IS times natural size; about 25 times natural size.)
Natural size; d, g,
n. fVô rtfTioT-o GiippAGQWplv ftTiorhpr toward tin of stems; leaf blades

cm. wide, acuminate I
t?
nfirrowfifl at base and
decurrent on the petiole, thin, enthê, drying green, sparingly pilose,
f.liA limrft Rtraifrht or nearlv so. un to 0.5 mm. loner, confined chiefly
;
to costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs), the cystoliths inconspicuous,

125 to 175 jLt long; petioles up to 4 cm. long, the lower surface glabrous,
small
cymes
mm
5-flowered, subscssile; bracts rather large, the outer bract oblong-
elliptic, 17 mm. long, 5 mm. wide near the middle, acute, narrowed
at base, the inner bract smaller, lanceolate, 12 mm. long, 2 mm.

wide, acuminate, both inner and outer bract green except at base,
somewhat
mm
surface of the larger bract and both surfaces of the smaller puberulous,
the margins more or less densely ciliate, the hau-s up to 1 mm. long,
white, spreading, the middle and inner bracts about equal, lanceolate,
8 to 10 mm. long, 1.25 to 1.5 f mm. wide, acuminate, puberulous
toward tip and ciliate, the marginal hau-s un to'b.5 mm. lonsr. white.
mm. long, drying dull brown, the segments
mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, acuminate, nuberi:
mm. loner, the hairs
corollas
mm. Ions), 3 cm
Bar base, narrowed at 6 mm.
above base to 1 mm., thence
)7 mm. at throat, the lips about 1 cm. long, the upper ova
mm. wide near base, acutish, the lower lip 3-lobed stamens :
filaments
mm
and (
Q. S. NationalHerbarium, No. 1772775, collected

â Hondonada, Salto de Tequendama, Department
Colombia, 2,250 to 2,300 meters altitude. October
1938, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 2 14-).
The flowers of Dicliptera sciaphila arc large for the genus. The
strongly ciliate bracts and dull lead-colored puberulous calyx (dried
material) furnish further diagnostic characters. The specific epithet
"sciaphila" (o-zciA, shade, and <f>iXos, loving) alludes to a preference to
dense forests.
5. Dicliptera uribei Leonard, sp, nov. Figure 122
Herba, caulibus subhexagonis, bifariam hirtellis, pilis parvis,
retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum anguste ovata, acute vel sub-
acummata m
dulata, subcoriacea, utrinque parce hirtella, pilis minutis, praecipue
in costa et venis ahquanto prominentibus positis, cystolithis minutis,
subnigris; petioli breves, subtus giabri, canale dense adpresso-piloso
—
LEONARD THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, IH 337
axillaria et terminalia, sursum aggregata, thyrsum densum

capitula
formantia, pedunculis brevibus angulatis, bifarlam hirtellis;
angustum
parvae, lanceolatae vel triangulares,
bracteae cymulas subtendentes
plus minusve ciliolatae; bractea
acutae, glabrae vel parce hirtellae,
oblanceolata, subacuta, basi angustata,
exterior cymulas subtendens
viridis (vel deorsum margine albida), supra
subcoriacea, ciliata,
subtus subglabra vel in costa et nervis parce hirtella,
dense puberula,
llneari-lanceolata, acuta, basi levlter angustata, aliter
bractea interior
Intimae anguste lanceolatae, apice
bracteae exterior! similis; bracteae
marginibus albidis et subhyalmis;
acuminatae, puberulae, cdlatae,
acuta, utrinque puberula;
calycis segmenta anguste triangularia,
pilosula, pills patulis, rectis vel loviter
corolla 2 cm. longe, parce
labils subaequalibus, labio
curvatis tubo anguste hypocratcriformi,
trilobato, lobis parvis rotundatis;
superlore aplce obtuse, Inferiore
deorsum parce pilosulis; capsulae
stamina vix exserta, filamentis
apiculatae, hirtellae, pilis rectis,
ovatae, planae, aplce obtusae,
patulis veldeorsum retrorsis.
or more; stems subhexagonal, hirtollous
Herbs up to 30 cm. high
mm
ovate, up to 6 cm. long and
uppermost present) narrowly
cm. wide below mi subacuminate, narrowed
firm
mm
and lateral veins, these moderately con-
confined chiefly to costa
than above, the cystoliths obscure, mmute,
snicnous, more so beneath
mm
appressed pilose, the hairs light greenish yellow,
the channel densely
mm
forming a spikelike terminal thyrse 5.5 cm. long and 2.5 to 3 cm
mm
compound, the secondary capitula
lowermost capitula sometimes
cm
subtending the cymes small, those of the
ulous in 2 hues; bracts
lowermost cymes leaflike, lanceolate, 4 mm. long, 1 mm
firm
mes smaller, narrowly triangular, about 3 mm
mm
cymules oblanceolate, 12 mm
mm. below tip, subacute, narrowed at base, firm
mar
mm
predominatin
hirtellous, the anterior outer bract linear-
lateral veins sparingly
2.25 mm. wide at middle, acute, slightly
lanceolate, 1 cm. long,
338 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIXJM
narrowed at base, in other respects si mil
innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 6.5 mm

mm mm. abov the d the
margins ciliate, the hairs white, spreading, up to
1 mm. long, the
margmal area of the bract
mm. long, the segments narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long,
1 mm
base, slenderly acute at tip, both surfaces minnf.plv «nrl r«fi,«.
densel
Hernil pilosulous, the hairs straiglit or slightly
Figure U2.~D:chptera urihei Leonard {Urihe-Uribe 343): Inflorescence at tip of stem;

a.
h leaf; c, portion of leaf blade at costal region
(lower surface) in detail to show venation
pubescence and cystoliths; d, one of a
pair of bracts subtending a lowermost cyme-
r one of a pair of bracts subtending
a cyme toward tip of inflorescence;/,
the larger
of the outer pair of bracts subtending
a cymulc; g, marginal hairs of same; h,
pubescence
of mner surface of same; i, the smaller
of the outer pair of bracts subtending a
cymulc-
;, one of the mnermost bracts; h, calyx;
/, pubescence of calyx, {a-c. Natural size;
djy hh twice natural size;
g, about 12 times natural size; h, 9 times natural size, k, V-A
times natural size; /, IS times natural size.)
cmwcd, spreading, the tube 2 mm

mm. at 2.5 mm. abovn
above hnsp
at throat, tlie
base, tfipr..
thence gradually enlarged
hps subcqual, ovate, the upper
to 4.25 mm
lip obtuse at tip, the lower
^-lobcd, the lobes ovate, 0.5 mm
aments
mm. long, 5 mm. broad. 1 mm
obtuse and_âpiculate, hirtellous, the
Straight, spreading or the basal hairs
hairs about 0.25 mm long,
slightly retrorsc; seeds not seen.
—
LEONARD ^THE ACAm^HACEAE OF COLOMBU, HI 339

Santandercito, Department of Cundmamarca,
the mountains east of
to 2,000 meters altitude, 1939, by Lorenzo Unbe-
Colombia, 1,800
Uribe (No. 343).
A specimen collected by Jorge Hernandez-C, No. 809 (Ub;, m .
Department
Cundinamarca, 2,100-2,200 meters i
of this species.
Figure 123
6. Dicliptera bogotensis Leonard, sp. nov.
ascendentibus, subhexagonis, glabri
Herba, caulibus erectis vel
pUis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum
vel bifariam hirtcllis,
ovata. acuminata (apice

^âplce ipso plu
jjiub iiiiiiuovu uk/Lu^v^y, — o~-
decurrcns, snbcoriacea, intcgra vel undulata,

petiolum
,,, ^,... .,.ter
costa et venis aliquanto hirtelhs
supra glabra vel parce hirtella,
mil
basim
subbrunneis, plus minusve curvatis; capitula axiilaria
hirteUi pilis
terminalia, pcdunculis brevibus, hexagonis, plus mmusve bifariam
et
subtendentes anguste triangulares,
parce hhtellis; bractcae cymas
glabrae, costis prominentibus; bractea major exterior
acuminatae,
mar
mulam
rmixtis
mulam subtendens
costa prope basim pilosa, ahter bracteae
lanceolata, acuminata,
intimae anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae,
exteriori similis; bracteae
calycis segment a anguste triangu ana,
intus glabrae, extus hirtellae;
hirtclla, labiis aequalibus, labio
hirtclla; corolla (immatura) dense
eriore trilobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis
superiore obtuso, inf
Herbs up to 30 cm. high or moi

in t^yo lines near the nodes, the
hexagonal, glabrous or hirtellous
0.5 mm. long; leaf blades (only the
hairs retrorsely curved, 0.25 to
oblong-ovate, up to 4.5 cm. long and 2 cm wide,
uppermost present)
itself obtuse), narrowed at base and briefly
acuminate (the tip
thin, entire or undulate the upper
decurrent on the petiole, firmly
sparingly hirtellous except the densely
surface glabrous or very
pairs) sparingly hirtellous, the lower

long, the lateral veins (4 or 5
puberulous toward base, the cystoliths
surface sparingly hirtellous or
-
petioles up to 1 cm.
mmute about 175 M long;
*
this densely hirtellous the hairs

long, glabrous except the channel,
mm. long; capitula axillary
brownish, mostly curved, up to 0.5
cm. long, the others suc-
and terminal, the lowermost peduncle 1
cessively shorter toward tip of inflorescence, aU hexagonal, sparmgly
hirtellous,the hairs sometimes arranged in 2 lines,

the capitula
subtended by small the cymes d) subtended
by a pair of narrowly triangular bracts up to 4 mm.
long and 0.75 mm.
wide at base, slenderly acute, glabrous, the costa
prominent; cymules
borne short quad icles 0.5-1.5 mm. long; larger
bract subtendmg the cymule lanc(
mm
5 mm.wide near the middle, acute, narrowed and
?reen except narrow basal mardnal wbitlsh ArAA
some of the small hairs, especially towards base
of bract, intermixed
mm. long, the outer surface of
a
Figure 123. Mipura hogotensis Leonard {Triana, Salto de Tequendama):
a, Inflores-
cence; J base of cyme to show subtending bracts; c, larger outer
bract subtending the
cymule; d, margmal hairs of same; e, smaller outer bract subtending
the cymule-/ costal
hairs of same; g, one of the innermost bracts; h, calyz; ,',
marginal hairs of one of the
calyx segments.
(., Natural si^c; b, slightly over natural size; c, e, g, twice natural size;
/
natural size.)
bract sparingly hirtellous, the inner surface

rather densely so the
hairs erect, 75 to 125 a lone: smaller ont.Pr hr«^t. c=,iKto,..i;„„ .i.„
cymule lanceolate, 11 cm. lonfT, 2 mm
acute, the costa, at least toward base,
often bearing slender spreading
up to 1.25 mm other respects the smaller exterior
innermost
mm. lono:, 1 mm
within, hirtellous without, whitish
hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25
toward base; calyx 4.5 lont? mm
mm.
triangular,
(immature)
3 "
mm. ions:, l
, —.,
long, the segments narrowly
,
mm j
middle
the lateral ones; capsules not seen.
LEONARD — THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, m 341
the "Province of Bogota,

Type in tlie Kew Herbarium, coUected in
2,500 metersâltitude, August 1855, by J. Triana

en el Salto,"
(No. 4093-3). Isotype: Col.
7. Dicliptera pilosa H. B. K.
K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 237. 1817. Type locality:
Diclivtcra pilosa H. B.
Malacates et Loxa Novo-Granatensium.
"prope Gonzanama,
more; stems erect or ascending, green,
moderately hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, retrorsely
the uppermost present) ovate or obovate,

curved; leaf blades (only
cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at tip, mucronate
up to 2 mm. long), narrowed at base and briefly
(the mucro slender,
entire or undulate, ciliolate, thm, both
decurrent on the petiole,
the hairs curved, ascending about
surfaces sparingly hhtellous,
or pairs) moderately
25 mm
long, the costa and lateral veins (4 5
conspicous
veinlets coarsely reticulate, the cystohths
prominent, the
slightly curved; petioles
under a lens, up to 0.5 mm. long, straight or
hirtellous or the channel densely
slender, upcm. long, sparingly
to 1.5
subappressed capitula
so the hairs up to 0.35 mm. long, ascending or ;
spikelike thyrsi up to 19 cm. long and

aggregated to form terminal
lowermost axillary, the cymes subsessile, some
2 5 cm. broad, or the
the terminal racemes subtended by obovate leaflike
of the capitula of
long and 13 mm. wide, these conspicuously
bracts up to 2.5 cm.
subtending the cymes subulate, up to 4 mm. long
mucronate; bracts
sparingly hirtellous, the outer pair
and 25 mm. wide at base, carinate,
cymules unequal, thin, green, mucronate,
of bracts subtending the
surfaces hirtellous, the marginal hahs up to 0.75 mm.
ciliate, both
surface hairs minute, ascending, the
long straight, spreading, the
the costa and 2 pairs of lateral vems pre-
venation conspicuous,
parallel or coarsely reticulated prominent
dominating, the veinlets
cm. lonjr, b mm
at base, the anterior bract rhombic-obovate, 8 mm
tip cuneate
mm. wide at b mm. auove ua««, uu.u..
long (mucro 2 mm. long), 3.5
bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2
at tip, cuneate at base, the innermost
to 2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, acuminate, ciliolate; calyx 2 mm
the segment
0.25 mm. wide, ciholate;
long,
and minutely pubescent
corollas lavender, 12 mm. long, sparingly
mm. in diamter, the lips ovate, about
the tube slender, about 1
mm. wide; capsules 4 broad, mm. long, 2 mm.

4 mm. long and 3
pilose, the hairs about 0.25 mni.
5 mm. thick, obtuse and apiculate,
the capsule, retrorse toward base; retmacula
long spreading at tip of
mm. broad at base, acute
narrowly triangular, 0.75 mm. long, 0.25
at tip; seed light brown, flattened, suborbicular, 1.25 mm. diameter, m

called merely "El Salto" by the residents of Bogota.
. salto de Tequendama. which often i.
' mm. thick, densely hirtellons, the hairs straight,

spread
barbed.
iure of the lobes of the lower lip of the
corolla was
n the few badly crumpled flowers present on the snecim
examined
El Valle: Roadside at Cali, Killip 8335 (GH, NY).
8. Dicliptera caucensis Leonard, sp, nov.
Figure 124
Suffrutex, caulibus sursum hexagonis, angulis anguste alatis,
subviridibus. oilosnlis (pilis rcctis, patulis), deorsum bus
glabratis; lamina foliorum ovata, acuta
vel obtusa, basi angustata,'
Figure m-~D;chpUra caucensis Leonard {Perez-Arhddez y

Cuatrecasas 5977): a, Tip of
plant; J one of a pair of bracts
subtending cyme; ., outer bract subtending
cymule;
d, mner bract;
., a hair from the margin of one of these
bracts;/, g, inner bracts subtend-
nig flowers; A calyx segment; ,-,
hair from margin of calyx segment;
/. anther (dorsal
view); k anther (ventral view);
/, valve of capsule; m, seed. (., i, Natural size;
c, d,f-h twice natural size; ., about 10 times natural siê; about 18 times natural
i,
size;;, k, 4 times natural size; I, 1% times natural size; m, about 3 times natural size.)
in petiolum breyitor decurrens,

mcmbranacea, utrinque parce hirsuta,
costa et venis latcrahbus aliquanto
prominentibus; pctioli gracilcs
cymae axillares et terminal
terminales form antes
cymulae plcurumquo 3-florae; bracteae
bractea exteriorvirides,
lanceolata, acuta et cuspidata, basi angustata,
marginibus dense
LEONARD — THE ACANTHACEAB OF COLOMBIA, UI 343
parce pilosa, costa et venis lateralibus

cHiata, pilis patulis, utriiique
similis sed aliquanto minor; bracteae
prominentibus, bractea interior
pilosac et ciliatae (pihs
interioresanguste lanccolatae, costatae,
marginibus albidae; calycis segmenta parva, anguste
patulis),
hirsutula, pilis patulis; corolla parva, purpurascens,
lanceolata,
labio superiore ovato, rotundato,
subtniter pubescens, tubo angusto,
apice trilobate, lobis parvis, rotundatis;
labio inferiore oblongo,
clavatae, pilosukc; rctinacula parva, subulata;
capsulae parvae,
m
more
stems
winged, greenish yellow, pilosulous, the hairs straight,
narrowly
mm
blades ovate, up to 5 cm. long and 2.5 cm.
terete, glabrate; leaf
narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on
wide acute to obtusish,
both surfaces sparingly hirsute
the petiole, membranous, entire,
ascending, the costa and
the hairs up to 1 mm. long, spreading or
or 5 pairs) rather prominent, the cystohths promment
lateral veins (4
mm
cm
minal cymes, the uppermost
thyrsi up to 3 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, eacH
formhig dense spikelike
bracts green, the outer one lanceolate,
cymule usually 3-flowcred;
mm
mm
mm
hairs somewhat shorter than the marginal ones, the
pilose' the
simil ar
but slightly mm. long and 2.5 mm. wid(

o 7 mm. long, 0.5 to 0.75 mm
mm
mm. long, the segments lance-subulate,
margins calyx 3
subhyahne, hirsutuloua,
mm
("rosado-violacca," Perez-ArbeUez)
5 mm. long, purplish
mm
mm, long, 1.5 mm. broad near base, narrowed at 5 mm
mm.. 2 mm
mm long, 4.5 mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip oblong, 8 mm
nc. «nd 3.5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes about 0.5 mm. lon^
mm. long, 2 mm
hau-s about 0.25 mm
m. long; seed black, flattened, about 1.5 mm
)r the margins sparmgly papillose.
344 CONTRIBXrriONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
r
Type in u
National Herbarium, No. 1774439, collected
between Purac6 and Coconuco, Department of Cauca, Colombia
to 2,400 meters altitude, July 12, 1939, by E.
P6rez-Arbeldez and J
Cuatrccasas (No. 5977).
Kjell von Sneidern's No. 1032 (S), collected in
thickets at El Tambo,
Department altitude met ;rs, August 15, 1936, is
9. Dicliptera conformis Leonard, sp. nov.

Figure 125
Herba debilis,
caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus
parce pilosulis, pilis retrorse curvatis lamina foliorui
;
Figure 125. Duhptera conformis Leonard {Triana, Almaguer, EI

Cauca) a, Inflorescence;
:
h cross-section of stem; c, one of a pair of bracts

subtending a cyme; d, the larger outer
bract subtending a cymulej e, marginal hairs
of same; /, the smaller outer bract sub-
tending the cymule; g, one of the Innermost
bracts; h, calyx; ,; marginal hairs of one
of the segments, {a. Natural size; h, 3 times natural
size; ., d,f-h, twice natural size;
f, lU times natural size; t, IS
basi angustata, in petiolum breviter decurrens, membranacea.

Integra vel undulata, parce ciholata,
pilis curvatis, supra
..p.. parce
p^..^
hu-tella, cystohthis sub lente conspicuis, costa
et venis lateralibus
obscuris, subtus parce hirtella, costa
et venis aliquauto prominentibus
venulis reticulatis; petioli graciles,
subtus glabri, canale aliquauto
dense hirtelli, pilis minutis, curvatis,
subappressis; capitula axillaria
et termmalia, sursum aggregata,
thyrsos densos terminales formantia,
pedunculis brevissimis, glabris vel parce hirtellis;
capitula paribus
LEONAKD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, HI 345
foliorum sulMta; cyma paribus bractearum

3-partita, lanceolato-
subulatarum suffulta; cymulae pedunculus brevissimus, aliquanto

hirtellus, pilis flavidis, ascendentibus; bractea exterior cymulam
subtendens oblanceolata, subobtusa, cuspidata, basi angustata,
marginibus basi albidis, extus birtella, pilis rigidis,
convexa, viridis,
sursum curvatis, costa prominente, intus parce et subtiliter hirtella,
paribus ncrvis basi prominentibiis; bractea minor exterior cymulam

subtendens bracteae superiori similis; bracteae intimae lanceolato-
subulatae l~nervatae, ciliatae, pilis patulis, extus parce hirtellae,
intus glabrae; calycis segmenta albida, anguste triangularia, puberula;

ovarium apicc hirtellum, basi glabrum.
Weak herbs up to 15 cm. high or more; stems erect or ascending,
0.75 mm. in diameter, subhexagonal (the angles acute), sparingly
pilosulous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, retrorsely curved; leaf
blades ovate, up to 3 cm. long and 13 mm. wide, acute, narrowed at
base and briefly dccurrent on the petiole, fi: mlv m

^ ^^ curved hairs, the upper
surface sparingly hirtellous, the cystoliths conspicuous, the costa and
lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) obscure, the lower surface sparingly hktel-
lous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the costa and veins more promi-
nent than above, the veinlets reticulate; petioles slender, up to 1 cm.
long, glabrous beneath, the channel rather densely hirtellous with
subappressed hairs about 0.25 mm. long; capitula axillary and ter-
minal, the uppermost aggregated in a dense thyrse about 2.5 cm. long
mm. broad, the peduncles up to 1 mm. long, glabrous
mes
mos a pair of lance-subulate bracts about
5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide near base; cymules
mm. long, moderately re-
peduncles 0.5
mm the larger outer bract sub-
mule green except a narrow margmj
ate. 1 cm. lone:. 3.5 mm. wide at 5 mm
isp 0.75 mm. long), gradually narrowed from
above middle to the basal portion convex, ciliate, the hairs
mostlv 0.75 mm
yellowish, the costa prominent
mm. lonsr,
lateral nerves obscure, the inner surface sparingly and finely hutellous,
the venation obscure except the basal portion of a pak of lateral sub-
mar smaller outer bract subtending the cymule
mm. lon^r, 2.25 mm. wide at 3 mm. below tip, in other respects similar
innermost
mm. lonsr, 0.5 mm
mm. long, the outer surface sparingly hirtellous, the mner
fx 2.5 mm. long, whitish, puberulous, the segments nar
388179—57—3
mm
hirtellous
L the Kew
Herbarium, collected at Almaguer, Province (
Department of El Cauca, Colombia, 2.000 meters altitud

August 1855, by J. Triana (No. 4093-2). Isotype in tlie H
Nacional Colombiano.
The bracts are marked by scattered minute black dots whic
possibly represent parasites.
Leonard Figure 126

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, glabris vel parce et sub-
tilitcr pubcrulis; lamina foliorum angustc oblongo-elliptica vel lanceo-
lata, apice acuta vel subacuta, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens,

membranacea, marginibus integris vel undulatis, supra dabra. subtus
prominentibus
summis
tcrminales
mulae pluriflorae, rhache et nedunculis
puberulis, bracteis exterioribus ellipticis, apice acutis et apiculatis,
basi angustatus, plus minusve puberulis, ciliatis; bracteae intermediae
lanceolatae, acurainatae,
subhyalinae, apice virides, plus minusve
puberulae; bracteae intimae parvao, anguste lanceolatae, albidae,
ae; calycis segmcnta parva, anguste lanceolata, subhyalina,
minute
parce pubcscens, labii^ oblongis, labio posteriore subobtuso, labio
inferiore apice trilobate, lobis parvis, rotundatis, lobo medio
stamina vix exserta. filamentis
Herbs about 40 cm. high; stems erect or ascending, hexagonal,
finely and rather sparingly pubcrulous or glabrate, the angles rounded,
the lower nodes somewhat swollen; leaf blades narrowly oblong-
ehiptic to lanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 cm. wide, acute to sub-
acute at tip, narrowed at base and dccurreut on the petiole, thin,
entire or undulate, ciliolate, the upper surface glabrous, drying olive
green, the lower surface drying to grayidi green, glabrous or the costa
sparingly pubcrulous, this and the lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) prominent,
more so beneath than above, the cystoliths of both surfaces slender,
mm
mmu
termmal and axillary thyrsi 1 to 3 cm
ermost
cymes
mcs
mm
mm
LEONARD — THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 347
lower half whitish, the upper light green

base, puberulous, the
mm. the intermediate bract
the marginal hairs up to 1 long,
olate, 7 mm. long, 2.5 mm acuminate

toward tip, more or less puberulous, the innermost bracts lance-
subulate, 4.'5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, whitish, puberulous; calyx 3.5
mm. long, the segments narrowly lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 0.25 mm
wide, subhy aline; (immatiu-e) 12 mm (?), finely
{Garcia-Barriga 5177): a, Tip of stem; b,

Figure \16.—Didiptera ochrochlamys Leonard
(upper surface) enlarged to show cystohths;
cross-section of stem; c, portion of leaf blade
/
ilyx
about 4>^ times natural size; c-r, g, Kh twice natural size;/, about
(a Natural size; b,
11^ times natural size; % 25 times natural size.)
mm
mm. lonsr, the posterior lip 3 mm
p 2.5 mm, wide, 34obed at tip, the lobes rounded, 0.25 mm
one subcucuUate; stamens reaching the tip of th<
middle
the hairs spreading, aboui
the filaments sparingly pilose,
mm
mm
Type in U National Herbarium, No. 1830673, collected

S.
Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, Januaiy
1937, by H.
Garcia-Barrig (No. 5177). Isotype in the HerbarioJ Naclonal
Colombiano.
The specific epithet and
military cloak)
alludes to the characteristic whitish bracts,
which give a whitish
appearance to the entire inflorescence.
11. Dicliptera cuatrecasasii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 127
Herba, caulibus ramosis, subhexagor sursum puberulis, deorsum
glabris lamina foliorum oblonp-o-fillmfi
;
apice acuta vel acuminata,
Figure 127.— Dicliptera cuatrecasasii Leonard {Cuairecasas 18783): a,Tip of plant- b

cymule; c, marginal hairs of the inner and outer cymule bracts; d, one of the inner
bracts subtending the flower; e, calyx
segment;/, hairs from the margin of the calyx
segment, {a. Natural size;
K d, e, twice natural size; c, about 25 times natural size:
/, about 40 times natural size.)
LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, UI 349
decurrens, Integra vel undulata,

basi angustata, in petiolum breviter
paucos minutos ferens, in costa pubes-
ciliolata, supra glabra vel pilos
subtus glabra vel parce
cens, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris,
costa et venis lateralibus mediocriter prominentibus;
pubescens,
subtus glabri, canale puberulenti, pilis curvatis;
petioli graciles,
P«nitiiln. flxillaria et terminalia sursum confluentia, thyrsum densum
ustum terminalem
foliiforme
lanceolatae, acuminatae, 1-nervatae,
cymulas subtendentes parvae,
subobtusae, apice spina parva
majores exteriores oblanceolatae,
terminantes, basi angustatae, glabrae vel puberulae, mar
bracteae intimae anguste lanceoiatae,
ciliolatis vel ciliolatis et ciliatis ;
exceptac, tenuitcr ciliolatae, obscure 1-nerva-

albidae apice subviridi
triangularia, obscure 3-nervata, albida.
tae; calycis segmcnta anguste
subhcxagonal, the angles rounded,
Dull green branching herbs; stems
the tips puberulous, the lower
acute or
7 mm. in diameter or more
acuminate
the upper surface glabrous (or
thin, entire or undulate, ciliolate,
the costa, this puberulous and like
bearing a few minute hairs) except
obscure, tlie cystohths inconspicuous,
the lateral veins (4 or 5 pau-s)
bearing a few scattered minute
moderately
numerous; petioles slender, up to 4 cm. long, giaorous
a lens but not
channel puberulous with curved hairs; flowers borne in
beneath, the
uppermost confluent, forming a
axillary and terminal capitula, the
narrow the
spilvC-like thyrse,peduncles up to 5 mm. long, or the
hairs retrorsely curved; bracts
lowermost longer, puberulous, the
sending the cymes lealliKe, lanceolate mm
mm. wide; bracts at base of cymules
mm. Ions and 0.75 mm
bracts subtending and enclosing the
the pair of larger and outer
cymules oblanceolatc, the posterior bract 13 mm. long and 4 mm. wide
by a spine about mm.
slightly above middle, subobtuse and tipped 1
gradually narrowed from above middle to base (the base 2 mm.

long,
base, glabrous or puberulous, ciliolate
wide), firm, green, or whitish at
mm
similar butsomewhat sm
mm. long, L25 mm, wide, whitish except
narrowly lanceolate, 7
ments
mm, loner, 1 mm
corollas and capsules not seen.
Herbarium No
and the Rio Pichinde, valley
the confluence of the Rio Pichindecito
350 CONTRIBUTIONS FROir THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
of the Rio Call, Dcpartr

meters altitude, Novemb
Dwliptera cuatrecasasii, as represented by
the type specimen
robust labro
plant is dull green in color. Many of the
larger bracts subtending?
cymules are merely ciiiolate b
the
minute marginal hairs a few or sometimes
mumei
ones.
] 2.^ Dicliptera killipii Leonard, sp. nov.

FiouitE 128
Herb cauhbus ercctis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis
I,
pilis
retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata,
apice acuta, basi angustata
m petiolum brcvitcr dccurrcns, membranacea,
integra vel undulata
ciliata, supra parce hirsuta, costa
et venis lateralibus obscuris cysto-
lithis parvis et obscuris, subtus hirsuta, pilis praecipue in costa et venis
(eis ahquanto conspicuis),
cystolithis obscuris; petioli graciles,
parce
îrtelh; capitula axillaria et terminaha,
sursum confluentia, thyrsum
densum angustum terminalem fonnantia, pedunculis
brevibus
birsutis; bracteae cymulas subtendentcs
parvae, lineares, lanceolatae!
tenuiter acummatae, marginibus et costa
ciliatae; bracteae
majores
capitula subtendentcs oblanceolatac,
subobtusae et cuspidatac basi
angustatae, subcoriaceae,
venosae, costa et nervis infimis 1..-..
maLns
prommentibus, cdiatae, utrinque parce hirtellae,
sursum virides, basi
albidae; bracteae intimae ciliatae,
apice hirtellae et subvirides
deorsum albidae; calycis segmenta anguste
triangularia, ciliolata!
tiirtella; corolla lilacina, parva,
tubo gracih, sursum minute pubcs-
centc, labiis mmute
pubescentibus, labio superiore ovato, acuto,
labio^ mfenore oblongo, apice
3-lobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis-
stamina exserta, filamentis parce pilosis;
capsulae parvae, apice
mmute
acuminata
" ^ "'^ ^"'"
papulosa. '
'
Herbs, stems weak, erect or ascending,

up to 30 cm. high or more
long; leaf blades ovate, up to

mm
7 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, acute
narrowed at base and briefly dccurrent on the
petiole, membranaceous'
entire or undulate, ciliate, the
upper surface sparingly hirsute the
hairs ascending, up to 0.75 mm.
long, the venation obscure, the
cystohths mmute and obscure, about
0.25 mm. long, the lower surface
hirsute,^ the hairs spreading
or ascending, up to 0.75 mm. long,
mos costa and veins (4 or 5 pairs, those barely
con-
more so than above), the reticulation of the
vcinlets
conspicuous under a lens, the cystoliths
inconspicuous; petioles
slender, up to 2.5 cm. long, sparingly hirtellous; flowers
borne in
LEONAED — THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, HI 351
axillary verticillastcrs, ppermost confluent, formin

mm. long, hirsute the
spikclike thyrse, the peduncles up to 1.5
subtending the cymes narrowly lanceolate, about 7 mm. long,
bracts
acuminate, costate, the margms and
1 mm. wide at base, slenderly
pair of bracts subtendmg the
costa ciliate, the larger and outer
subobtuse and abruptly cuspidate (the cusp 1.5
cymule oblanceolate,
above middle to base, rather
mm lone), narrowed gradually from
Tip of branch; b, leaf; c, bract

Figure m.-Didipura killipH Leonard {Killip 6818): a,
bract subtendmg the cymule;
subtending cymes; d, marginal hairs of the larger outer
the cymule;/, the smaller bract of
the outer pair of bracts subtending
e the larger of
subtending the cymule; k, one of the
one of the innermost bracts
tiie large pair; g,
hairs of same;;, disrupted valve of calyx; k, seed; /,
margma
calvx segments; i, marginal
Natural size; c, e-k, j, twice natural size; d, 15 times natural
papillae of same. («,
4 times natural size; about 30 times natural size.)
size-
;•
about 20 times natural size; k, /,
predomi
margins ciliolate, the hairs up to 0.5 mm
mm. lone;, and 5 mm
smaller one 11 mm. long and 3.5 mm
innermost
mm. above base, the smaller
mm. long and 1 mm. wide at 2.5
mm. lone:, about 0.75 mm
tlic tips hirtellous and greenish, whitish toward
costate, ciliate,
hflsP! calvx segments narrowly triangular, 2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide
at base, whitish, ciliate and hirtellous,

the hairs about 150
corollas lilac, about 8 mm. long, the tube
about 2 mm. broaH r
mouth to 1.5 mm
mm
mm. long and 3 mm
about 7
mm. long and 2.5 mm
rounded, about 0.75 mm. long and wide; stamens
exscrtcd about 4 mm
mou
mm
at tip, retrorsely pilose, the hairs
about 0.25 mm. long, whitish-
acuminate, about 1 mm
flattened, mm.^
1.5 in diameter, 0.5 mm. thick, black, sparingly
margins
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No.
1142190, collected
betwee Department
^,6m to 2,800 meters altitude, June 17, 1922 bv E P KilUn
y P
6818). Isotypes: GH, NY. '
• -
Triana's specimens (Col, NY), collected

at Almaguer, Deparl
of Cauca, are also of this species.
Leonard Figure 129

Herb a vel suffrutex, caulibus ramosis, erectis
vol asccndentibus
subhexagoms, striatis, sursum subtilitcr
pubesccntibus, pilis plus
minusve retrorse curvatis, praecipue in angulis
deorsum positis,
glabratis; lamma fohorum ovato-lanceolata,
acuta vcl acuminata
basi angustata, in petiolum breviter decurrens,
membranacca, Integra
vel undulata, yiridis, supra aliquanto hirtclla, costa et venis
laterahbus gracilibus, obscuris, cystolithis inconspicuis, subtus
aliquanto dense hirtella, pilis praecipue in
costa et venis (eis gracili-
bus sed conspicuis); pctioh graciles, subtus
glabri, canale hirtelli-
capitula praecipue axillaria, pedunculis
brevibus, hirtellis; bractcao
""
mas btendentes parvae, subulatae, 1-nervatao,
parce ciliolatae-
bractcae majores cymidas subtendentcs
sursum vhides, deorsum
albidae, acutae, cuspidatae, subcoriaceac,
ciliatae, parce hirtellae
magis
ccolata, inferior lanceolata, bractcae intimae anguste lanceolatae
tenmter acummatae, albidae, 1-iiervatae, ciliolatae;
calycis segmenta
anguste Inangularia, parva, albida, ciliolata;
corolla pubescens^
capsulae parvae, minute birsutae, pilis patulis
vel retrorsis; retinacula
mmuta,
HerbSj sometimes
more: stems hv^r^chi
upper portions finely pubescent, the hairs more
or less retrorsely
curved, up to 0.25 mm. long, confined
chiefly to the angles, the
lower portions of the stem glabrate; leaf
blades ovate-lanceolate
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 353
cm. lone and 3 cm, wide, acute to acuminate, narrowed

base and on the petiole, membranaceous, entire
dulate, drying green, the upper surface moderately
the hairs up to mm
ascending or slightly ed. the
costa and lateral veins slender, obscure, the cystohths up to 0.5 mm-
long, the lower surface rather densely hu-tellous, the hairs ascending,
nn to 0.75 mm. lonsr, confined chiefly to the costa and lateral yeins:
petioles slender, up to 2 cm long, glabrous below, the channel
hirtellous; capitula mostly axi few of the uppermost some-
times more or less confluent, the peduncles up to 2,5 mm, long,
Figure 129. Leonard

of leaf blade (upper surface) to show reticulation of veinlets; c, one of a pair of outer
bracts subtending a cyme; d, the larger of a pair of outer bracts subtending a cymule;
f, marginal hairs of same;/, the smaller of the two outer bracts subtending the cymule;
one of a pair of inner bracts of a cymule; h, one of the innermost pairs of bracts;
g,
J, calyx spread to show lobes;;, tip of calyx lobe to show pubescence; k, valve of capsule,
{a, Natural size; c, d, f-i, k, twice natural size; b, 1^ times natural size; ^, 34 times
natural size;/, 14 times natural size.)
hirtellous: bracts subtending the cymes subulate, up to 6 mm

mm ciliolate, the
ivmule
mm, lone: wide slightly above the m
and 3.5 mm.
and cuspidate (the cusp mm
green toward tip, whitish
toward base, subcoriaceous, ciliate and sparingly hirtellous, the hairs
about 0.25 mm. long, the costa and a pair of lateral nerves predomi-
nating, the smaller bract lanceolate, up to 8 mm. long and 1.5 mm.
wide, in other respects similar to the larger bract; innermost bracts
mm. long and 0.75 mm,

wide at 1.5 mm. above
mm long and 0.5 mm. wide near base,
botb pairs wbitish, slcndcrlj^ acuminate, 1-nervcd, ciliolate; calyx
segments narrowly triangular, 1.5 mm.
wide at base,
ram. long, 0.5
whitish, ciliolate; corolla (immature) pubescent; capsules about 6 mm.
long, clavate, pubescent, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, spreading or
retrorse, the rctinacula subulate, nearl}^ straight, 0.75 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1900475, collected
Quebrada
Colombia 1946, by J.
Cuatrecasas (No. 20947). Isotype: US.
A specimen collected hi thickets at Rioblanco, vicinity of Popay^n,
Department of Cauca, Colombia, 1,800 meters altitude, July 9, 1939,
by Perez-Arbcltiez and Cuatrecasas, No. 5788 (US), is also of this
species.
The color of the corolla
not apparent in the dried material.
is
Only immature flowers were present and, judging from the complete-
ness of the specimens in other respects, this absence of expanded
corollas may
have been due to clcistogamy. The specific epithet is
derived from 8plos, thicket, and îXos, loving.
14. Dicliptera garciae Leonard, sp. nov. Figuiie ISO
Suffrutex, caulibus erectis vel ascendcntibus, subhexagonis, sulcatis,
sursum pubesccntibus, deorsum glabratis; laminae fohorum (verti-
cillasteres subtendentes) ovatae, subacutae, basi rotundatae vel
obtusae, integrae, subcoriaccae, utrinquo pubescentes, pilis praecipue
in costa et vcnis positis, costa et venis lateralibus supra obscuris,
subtus aliquanto prominentibus; petioh breves, pubescentes; capitula
axillaria,pedunculis brevibus; bracteae cymulas subtendentes parvae,
lanceolatae, acuminatae, carinatae, parce pubescentes, 1-nervatae,
maj )rcs exteriores oblanccolatae,acutao vel acuminatae, corlaceae,
virides, ciliatac, parce hirtellac, costa et venis laterahbus obscuris,
maj )res interiores aliquanto minores quam exteriores, lanceolatae,
acuminatae, coriaceae, sursum virides, deorsum subflavo-virides,
ciliolatac, hirtcllae; bracteae intimac anguste lanceolatae, deorsum
albidae, minute hirtellae, l-nervatae; calycis segmenta triangularia,
acuminata, subhyalina, sursum hirtella; corolla rubra, plus minusve
pubescens, tubo anguste h3q;)Ocratcriformi, labiis ovatis, labio superiore
apice rotundato vol leviter emarginato, labio inferiore aliquanto
longiore quam
labio superiore, apice trilobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis;
stamina vix cxserta, filamentis planis, parce pilosis; capsulae planae,
ovatae, pubescentes; rctinacula parva, cucullata; semina plana,
suborbicularia, plus minusve minute rugosa.
Suffrutescent herbs; stems branching, erect or ascending, sub-
hexagonal, grooved, the tips pubescent, the hairs spreading or re-
—
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, HI 355
recurved, barely 0.5 mm. long, the lower portions of the

stem brate; leaf blades (only those subtending the verticillasters
ovate. UD to 3 cm. loner and 1,6 cm. wide near base, subacute,
rounded or obtuse at base, firm
sideSjthe hairs straight or nearly so, spreading or ascending, slightly
less than 0.5 mm, long, confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins
(4 or 5 pairs), the venation obscure above but fairly prominent
beneath petioles up to 4
: mm, long, pubescent; flowers borne in axillary
Figure 130. Didiptera garciae Leonard {Cuatrecasas ^ Tip of

Gafcia-Barriga 9820): a^
plant; b, cymule; c^ portion of one of the larger bracts of the cymule enlarged to show
pubescence; d, one of the innermost bracts; e, one of the calyx segments;/, hairs from
margin of calyx segment; g, disrupted capsule expanding from base; h, disrupted capsule
expanding from tip. {a, Natural size; b, d, e, g, k, twice natural size; c, about 20 times
natural size;/, about 25 times natural size,)
cm
cymes narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm, long, 0.75 mm
acuminate
bracts subtending the cymule oblanceolate, 14 mm. long, 2.25 mm.
wide at 5 mm, below tip, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed from
above middle to base, firm, green, ciliolate and sparingly hirtellous, the
hairs stiff, more or less curved, about 150 /x long, the costa and lateral
veins obscure, the inner bract subtending the cymule lanceolate,
about 10 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide toward base, acuminate, firm,
the upper half green, the lower half light yellowish green, the costa
barely prominent, the pubescence that of the outer bract, the inner-
most bractlets narrowly lanceolate, about 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near
base, whitish at least toward base, minutely hirtellous, 1-nerved;
calyx segments triangular, 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, acumin-
ate, white and subhyaline, 3-nerved, minutely ciliolate, hirtellous
toward tip; corollas red, sparingly to rather densely pubescent, about
3 cm. long, 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1 mm. at 5 mm. above
base, thence gradually expanded, the throat 5 mm. broad, the lips
ovate, the upper lip 6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide at base, rounded or
shallowly emarginate at tip, the lower lip 8 mm. long and 5 mm. wide.
mm. lone and
stamens
mm
flattened, about 5 mm.
long and 4 mm. broad and 1 mm. thick,
pubescent, the hairs up to 165 n long, spreading or retrorscly curved,
the capsule dehiscing and rupturing either from base or tip, the retina-
cula cucullate, about 0.5 mm. long; seeds suborbicular, strongly
mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide and about 0.75 mm
more
National Herbarium
dry thickets on the left slope of the valley of the Rio Chicamocha,
between Soatd and Tipacoque, Department of Boyac^, Colombia^
meters
H
main stem leaves, deciduous and lacking on the type specimen
may
The stem is woody at base and the plant probably affects
cillasters.
a sprawhng habit. The exact height of the plant cannot be approx-
imated from the type material, probably a basal portion. The
branches are about 20 cm. long, but the main stem mav reach 1 meter
more
15. Dicliptera ewanii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 131
Herb a
m hirtellis; lamma folionim
acuminata
hirtella, costa et venis lateralibus conspicuis, cystoHthis minutis;
petioli subtus glabri, supra in canale dense hirtelli, pilis
subappressis;
capitula axillaria et terminalia, sursum aggregata, paribus foliorum
suffulta; cymae planae, 3-5-partitae, breviter
pedunculatae vel
subsessiles, paribus bractearum subulatarum subglabrarum suffultae;
bractea exterior cymulam subtendens herbacea, lanceolata, acuta.
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, ni 357
extus parce et minute liirtella, intus puberula, costa et nervis sub-

marginalibus prominentibus; bractea minor exterior cymulam sub-
tendens anguste lanceolata, acuminata, extus parce hirtella, intus
puberula, basi albida et striata, costa prominente; bracteae intimae

lanceolatae, parvae, puberulae, ciliolatae, basi albidae; calycis
segmenta parva, angusta, albida, dense hirtella; corolla atrococcinea,

pubescens, tubo liypocrateriformi, labila ovatis, labio superiore
obtuso, inferiore apice trilobato, lobis rotundatis, parvis; stamina

vix ftxserta. filamentis nlanis, marginibus pilosis.
V-,
?0
-'
1
i^-^
\
/^ I \\
\.'
f :
/
O \
^ \
\n
/
/
^ I
'/
Leonard {Ewan 15628): a, Tip of the stem; h, the larger of

Figure 131,—Diclipter a ewanii
pubescence of inner surface; d, the smaller of the outer
the outer cymule bracts; r, its
innermost bracts;/, one of the smaller; calyx spread

cymule bracts; e, one of the larger g,
pubescence of segments, {a, Half natural size; i, d-g, twice

to show segments; h,
natural size; c, IS times natural size; h, 13 times natural size.)
Herbs or suffrutescent plants 30 cm. high or more, the stems

ascending, subhexagonal, sparingly and retrorsely hirtellous, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, bifarious; leaf blades oblong-ovate, np to
13.5 cm. lonff and 4.5 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate, narrowed at base,
firm
mm
prominent, the cystoliths minute, 125ju long; petioles slender, up
to 2 cm. long, glabrous beneath, the channel densely hirtellous,
e 2 uppermost confluent
forming a short thyrse about 3 cm, long ,nd 2,5 cm. broad, the
leaves subtending the capitula similar to the lower stem leaves

358 coNTRiBirnoNS from the national herbahium
but smaller (2 to 10 cm. long and 1 to 3 cm. wide), the <
composed usually of 3 to 5 cymules, subscssile or short

(the peduncle ud to 4 mm. lon.tr. hirtAllmis in 9 linn=> c,iT
mm
at base; bracts subtending the cymules unequal, rather thin,
her-
baceous, the larger bract lanceolate, up to 2 cm. long and 4.5 mm.
wide,
acute, the outer surface sparhigly and minutely hirtellous, the inner
surface rather densely pubcrulous, the hairs spreading, 75
to 100;^
long, tlie costa and a pair of lateral submarginal nerves prominent,
the smaller bract subtending the cymule narrowly lanceolate,
acummate indurate and coarsely striate at base, the pubes-
whitisli,
cence that of the outer bract, tlie costa prominent, the veinlets
of
both bracts rather coarsely but obscurely reticulate, the innermost
mm
pubcrulous and ciliolate, the lower half or sometimes the lower
marginal areas whitish; calyx segments liiiear, 3.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
wide, acute, whitish, densely hirtellous, the hairs ascending, 0.3 mm.
long, the cal^^x tube campanulate, 1 mm. long, whitish,
subhyaline,
glabrous; corollas dull carmine with jêllow throat (Ewan),
3 cm.
mod" irately pubescent, the hairs up to 275^ long, spreadhig,
mm. broad at base, narrowed at 5 mm. above base to 1 mm..
mm
long, the upper lip 3 mm.
wide, obtuse, the lower 4 mm. wide, 3-lobod
at tip, the lobes ovate, obtuse, 1 mm. long, the middle one
1.25 mm.
wide at base, the lateral ones slightly narrower; stamens slightly
exceeding the lips, the filaments flat, their margins bearing a row
of curved hairs up to 250/ix long, the anther lobes slightly
superposed,
1.5 mm. and capsules not seen.
long; ovaries
Type in the Tulane University Herbarium, collected in relict
mountain rain forest at edge of Qucbrada Chiniata, 7 kilometers east
of Hilo, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,430 meters
alti-
tude, May 1, 1944, by Joseph A. Ewan (No.
15628). Isotypes:
K, US.
The ovaries of the type material have been destroyed by insects.
16. Dicliptera haughiii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 132
Suffrutex, caulibus ercctis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis,
pilis
minutis, retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata, acuminata
(a pice
ipso obtuso), basi obtusa vel rotundata, supra aliquanto
hirtella,
subtus dense hirtclla, costa et venis latcralibus promincntibus;
petioh breves, dense hirtelli, pilis parvis, curvatis; capitula
axillaria
et terminalia, sursum aggregata, racemos densos tcrminales formantia,
pedunculis brevibus, dense retrorse hirtcllis; bracteac cymas sub-
tcndentes subulatae, carinatae, pilosulae. et ciliatae. marmnibusnlbiHnfi •
LEONARD — THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBUj IXL 359
bractea major exterior cymulam subtendens anguste obovata

m
minor exterior cymulam
lineari-lanceolata, apice acumiii basi angustata, m
^ ^. ominente, utrinque dense hirtella; bracteae mtimae
anguste lanceoktae, acuminatae, ciliatae, albidae (vel costa viridi),
calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata, acuta,

utrinque hirtellae ;
mai
'ficium
hypocratcriformi
Xn.—Dicliptera haughtii Leonard {Haught 6179): a^ Inflorescence; hy one of a pair

Figure
cyme; the larger of the o'Jter bracts subtending the cymule;
of bracts subtending the f,
same; the smaller of the outer bracts subtending the cymule;

d, marginal hairs of e,
one of the Innermost bracts; g, calyx; h, pubescence of calyx, {a. Natural size;
/,
6 times natural size; g, 2}^ times natural size, h, 12 times
h, c, ej, twice natural size; d,
natural size.)
subaequalibus, labio superiore apice subobtuso, inferiore apice

fi'ilr.Viof n Inhifl nflrvis. nrnV.p, flubobtusis : stamina vix exserta, filamentis
orsum
jh; stems erect or ascending,
subhexagonal, moderately branched, hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25
mm. lon^, retrorsely curved; leaf blades (only the uppermost present)
cm and 1,5 cm wide at 1 cm. above base,
acuminate
undulate, both surfaces hirtellous, the lower densely so, the costa and
,
360 CONl^RIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
mm
d
form
mm
mm
mm
base, carinate, pilosulous and ciliate, the margins \yhltish; larger
cymule
mm
mar
areas near base whitish, the basal portion (about 4 mm. long) carinate,
both sm^faces rather densely hirtellous, the hairs spreading or ascend-
ing, costa prominent, the lateral nerves obscure; smaller outer
tlie
bract subtending the cymule linear-lanceolate, 1 cm. long, 1,5 mm.

wide, acuminate at narrowed at base, the costa prominent, the
tip,
pubescence that of the larger outer bract, a narrow marginal basal
area whitish; innermost bracts narrowlv lanneolnfo a in 7 mn-» Inrio-
acuminate
mm
segments narrowly lanceolate, 3 mm
mmu
hairs up
to 250/x long, straight, ascending, sharp-pointed, the surface
hairs 125Mlong, erect, blunt at tip corolla ; bright red, finely pubescent,
cm. long, the tube about 1 mm. broad at base, 4.5 mm
mou
mm. broad at base, subobtuso at tip, the lower lin 5 mm
mm
stamens
filaments
capsules not seen.
National Herbarium
:partment
marca, Colombia meters altitude, September 15, 1947, by
Oscar Haught (N
17. Dicliptera koiei Leonard, sp. nov.

Figure 132a
Suffrutex, caulibus deorsum subteretibus, parce subtomcntosis, sur-
sum subhexagonis, pilis albidis, curvatis;
lamina foliorum siccitate
laete viridis, ovata, subacuta vel subobtusa, basi cuneata
vel ro-
tundata et in pctiolum breviter decurrcns, aliquanto firma, integra,
supra parce hirsuta, pihs asccndentibus, subtus dense tomentosa, pilis
albidis, costa et vcnis lateralibus obscuris; petioli dense hirsuti,
pilis
albidis, ascendentibus; infloresccntiac cymosae subsessiles,
axillares et
terminales, C3^mis flabelliformibus, supremis confluentibus thyrsos
densos terminales formantibus; cyinulae sacpe 3; bracteae c; mas

subtendentes foliiformes; bracteae cymulae subtendentes inaequales,
exteriores oblanceolatae acutae, intcriores breviores, anguste lanceo-

cxtus dense hirsutae, pilis patulis vel ascendentibus,
latac, acuminatae,
obscura; bracteae calyces subtendentes anguste
intus puberulae, costa
lanceolatae, acuminatae, ciliatae, puberulae, costa prominente; calycis
segmenta anguste triangularia, longe acuminata, subglabra, ciliolata,
subhyalina; corolla parce pubesccns, labio superiore anguste ovate,

inferiore anguste ovate, apice 3-
apice obtuso vel rotundato, labio
lobate, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta.
Suffruticose plants up to 0.5 meters high or more, drying bright
green; stems subterete, 2.5 mm. in diameter at base, hexagonal and

subtomentose toward tip, the pubescence dense at tip of plants, be-
Leonard {Kîe 5056): a, Tip of plant; b, outer bract sub-

FiGURE \32a—Diclipiera koiei
subtending cymule; d, one of Inner bracts subtending
tending cymule; c. Inner bract
Natural size; h-d, twice natural size; e, Z}i
calyx; i, calyx segment; /, corolla, {a, /,
comm
mm. Ions; leaf blades ovate, cm. long
up and 2
to 4.5cm
subacute to subobtuse at tip, cuncate to rounded at base and decur-
rent en the petiole, moderately firm, the upper surface sparingly

ram
densely subtomentose, the hairs whitish, up to 0.75 mm. long, the
costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) rather obscure; petioles up to 5
mm long, densely hirsute with whitish, ascending hairs about 0.45
mm cymes minal ippermost

forming a thyrse up to 3 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, the cymes
388179—57 4
usually composed of 3 cymulcs; bracts subtending the

sessile, lanlike,
cymes Icaflike, mostly about 12 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, the pubes-
cence that of the leaves; bracts subtending the cymulcs unequal, the
outer oblanceolate, that of the middle cymule 15 mm. long, 3.5 mm.
wide, acute, those of the lateral ones 11 mm. Ions:, 2.5 mm. wide, sub-
mu
mm. long and 1.5 mm IS
mm. lonsr and .5 ini

1
cymule bracts rather densely hirsute with spreading or ascending yel-

mm
puberulous, the costa obscure, the bracts (2 pairs) subtending the
calyx naiTOwly lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, acuminate,
puberulous and ciliate, the hairs spreading or ascending, up to 0.25
mm. long, the costa prominent, the margins subliyaline; calyx 5.5 mm.
long, segments narrowly triangular, sharply acuminate, 3 mm.
tlie
long and 1 mm. wide at base, subglabrous, ciliolate, subliyaline; corolla

rather sparingly pubescent, the mostly spreading, up to 0.25 mm.
liairs
long, some of them gland-tipped, the tube about 2 cm. long,
5 mm.
broad at znouth, the lips 1 cm. long, the upper one narrowly ovate, 5
mm. wide at base, obtuse or rounded at tip, the lower lip narrowly
ovate, 5.5 mm. wide at base, 3-lobcd, the lobes about 1 mm. long,
rounded; stamens exsertcd 6 mm. beyond tlie mouth of the corolla
tube, the anther lobes linear, about 1.75 mm. long and
0.25 mm.
mm
other; ovary and capsule not seen.
lum
of Copenhagen, tracnt of Cundinamarca
met
material
18. DicUptera danielii Leonard, sp. nov. Figttre 133
Hcrba, caulibus debilibus, subhexagonis, glabris vel ad nodos pilos
paucos retrorse curvatos ferentibus; lamina foliorum ovato-lanceolata,
gracilitor acuminata, basi angustata, mcmbrauacea,
Integra vel
undulata, supra glabra vel parce hirsuta, costa et vcnis
pubesceiiti-
bus, obscuris, subtus glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
aliquanto
prominentibus, venulis promincnte reticulatis, cystolithis
utrinquo
subnigris, obscuris; petioli aliquanto breves, subtus
glabri, canale
pubescente, pilis subbrunnesccntibus, curvatis; capitula
fere ter-
minalia, pedunculis brcvibus, bifariam pilosulis;
bracteae cymas
subtendentes parvae, subulatae, carinatae, costa ct marginibus
parce
ciliolatis; bracteae majores cymulas subtendentes
inacqualcs, lance-
olatae,^ acutae, deorsum rotundatae et carinatae,
sursum planae,
subcoriaceae, ciliolatac, supra minute hirtellao, subtus parce
hirtellae',
pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis;
bracteae intimac parvae,'
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, UI 363
anguste lanceolatae, acutao, subalbidae, 1-nervatae, ciliolatae, glabrae

vel ad costam pilos minutos ferentes; calycis segmenta anguste tri-
angularia, acuta, 3-nervata, subtiliter pubcscentia, pilis ascondentibus;

corolla 2.5 cm. loiiga, angusta, labiis subaequalibus, labio posteriorc
ovato, subobtuso, labio inferiore oblongo, apice 3-lobato, lobis par vis,
filameiitis
parce pilosis.
Leonard Daniel 2970): a, Node showing leaf and

Figure U3.~DicI{pera danulii (Bro.
inflorescence; b, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) to show reticulation of veinlcts;
bracts subtending the cyme; d, cymule; e, pubescence of margin

f, one of the pair of
of the larger outer bract subtending cymule;/, one of the larger of the Innermost bracts;
of the innermost bracts; h, calyx lobe; i, pubescence near tip of

g,one of tlic smaller
calvx lobe. /
h, 5 times natural s'lzc; i, about 30 times natural size.)
Herbs; stems weak, ascending, 30 cm. high or more, subhexagonal,

glabrous or bearing a few minute retrorscly curved hairs near the
cm
slenderly acuminate, narrowed at base, membraneous, entire or
undulate, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirsute except the
costa and lateral veins, more the

glabrous or nearly so, the costa
venation obscure, the lower surface
and lateral veins rather prominent, tlie veinlcts prominently reticu-
lated, the cystoliths blackish, inconspicious even under a lens; petioles
up to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous beneath, the channel pubescent with

similar to those of the costa; capitula mos
axillary or only the very uppermost more or less confluent, the
peduncles up to
o
; J mm
mes subulate, 4 mm. long, O.o mm
costa"ând margins sparingly ciliate; bracts subtending the cymule
unequal, the larger 10 to 15 mm. long and 3 to 3.5 mm. wide, the
smaller one 7 to 8 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, botli lanceolate, acute,
rounded and carinate toward base, toward tip, subconaceous

flat
minutely hirtellous, the lower

surface sparingly hirtellous, the hairs curved and confined chiefly to
ominent
mm. lone: and 1.5 mm
mm
minute
mm. long, the segments narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide
at base, acute, 3-nerved, finely pubescent, the hairs ascending;
corolla 2.5cm. long, the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed to
1 mm. at 6 mm. above base, 4 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal,
about 8 mm. long, the upper one ovate. 5 mm. broad toward bnsp
mm
ar. about 1 mm. long and broad, obtuse; stamens reaching
filaments
base; capsules not seen.
Herbarium, No. 1879088, coflected in
Jardin, southwest of Antioquia, Department of Antioquia, Colombia,
July 1942, by Brother Daniel (No. 2970). Isotype: US.
The color of the coroUa is not apparent in the dried material studied.
19. DicHptera scandens Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 134
Suffrutex diffusus, ramosus, caulibus subhexagonis, dcorsum glabris,
sursum puberulis, pilis curvatis, praecipue in angulis positis; lamina
foliorum oblongo4anceolata, acuta (apice ipso obtuso vel subacuto),
basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, membranacea, (sicca)
saturate
viridis, utrinque glabra vel in costa ct vcnis lateralibus plus minusve
hirtella; petioU graciles, glabri vel canalc plus minusve hirtolli;
capitula
fere terminalia, confluentia, racemum dcnsum latum brevem forman-
tia,pedunculis brevibus, parce hirtcUis, pilis curvatis; bracteae cymas
subtendentes parvae, subulatae, hirteflae; bracteae majores cymulas
subtendentes inaequalcs, lanceolatae, acuminatac, aliquanto dense
hirtellae, virides; bracteae intimac anguste lanceolatae, albidae,
ciholatae, marginibus hyalinis; calycis segmenta triangularia, 3-
nervata, dense pubesccntia, pilis ascendentibus; corolla
pallide
salmonacea, subtiliter pubescens, tubo aliquanto angusto,
labiis
aequaiibus, labio superiore ovato, obtuso, labio inferiore ovato,
trilobato, lobis parvis, obtusis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis planis!
minute
meters Lieh: stem
hexagonal, glabrous or the upper portions puberulous, the hairs minute,
curved, confined more or less to the angles; leaf blades
oblong-
cm
itself obtuse or acutish), narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the
thin, drying dark olive green, glabrous on both sides
d lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) more or less hirtellous; ]
up to 2 cm. long, glabrous or the channels more or 1

nanitnla mostlv terminal, forminer short compact thyrs
about 2 cm. long and cm. broad, the cymes the
peduncles up to 4 mm
mm. and 1
lonsr. mm
ymules borne on hirtellous pedun
^"
1- ^1
y,
Tip of plant; base of cyme

Figure Ui.—Dicliptsra scandens Leonard {Archer 1354): a, b,
outer bract subtending the cymule; d, margmal

to show subtending bracts; c, the larger
subtending the cymule; one of the larger pair
hairs of same;smaller outer bract
e, /,
smaller pair of Innermost bracts; h, calyx spread to

of innermost bracts; g, one of the
calyx lobe enlarged to show pubescence (outer
show segments; upper portion of
i",
(lower surface) enlarged to show venation and pubes-

surface); ;, portion of leaf blade
natural e-h, twice natural size; d, 11
cence. {a, j. Natural size; b, 1^ times size; c,
times natural size; t, 14 times natural size.)
the cymule unequal,

cles about 1 mm. long, the larger outer bracts of
sparingly hirtellous, the larger bract 14
lanceolate, acute, ciliolate,
mm. long and 4 mm. wide at middle, the costa and a pair of lateral
nerves predominating, the smaller bract 9 mm. long and 2 mm. wide
prominent, the innermost bracts narrowly
near base, the costa
whitish, ciliolate, the hairs ascending,
lanceolate, slenderly acuminate,
up to 250 M long, the margins hyaline, the larger pair 6 mm. long and
1 mm. wide near base, the smaller pair 4 mm. long and slightly less
than 1 mm.
wide at base; calyx 5 mm. long, the segments triangular,
3^
mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide at base, acute, strongly 3-ncrved,
ciliolate and densely hirtellous, the hairs ascending, up to
250m long;
corolla pale salmon, finely pubescent, the hairs up to 0.7 mm
ladmg, a tew ot them gland-tipped, the tube about 2 cm. lonj
mm. broad at base, narrowed at 5 mm. above base to 1 mm
ice gradually enlarged to 6.5 mm. at mouth, the lins siuhoaun
mm
mm
2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm
filaments flat, glabrous near tip, sparingly and
minutely pilose toward base, the hairs spreading or retrorscly curved,
up to 550m long; capsules not seen.
La Sierra, 18 kilometers north of Medcllin, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, 2,000 meters altitude, January 1931, by W. A. Archer
(No. 1354).
20. Dicliptera sarcochroma Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 135

Herba luxuriosa, caulibus ramosis, asceiidentibus, foliosis, sub-
hexagonis, deorsum glabratis, crassis, sursum puberulis, pilis minutis
et rctrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovato-lanceolata,
acuminata,
basi angustata, mcmbranacea, Integra vcl undulata, (sicca)
saturate
oleo-viridis,utrinque glabra vel subglabra, costa et venis lateralibus
gracilibus sed aliquanto prominentibus, cj^stolithis sub
lente con-
spicuis, fere albidis; petioli gracilcs, glabri vel in canalc
parce puberuli,
pilis curvatis; capitula axillaria, pedunculis
brcvibus, puberulis;
bracteac cymas subtendentes parvae, subulatae, glabrae;
bractcae
majores cymulas subtendentes inacqualcs, ciliolatae, glabrae, graciliter
venosao, costa plus prominente quam venis lateralibus;
bractea
superior rhombeo-ovata, acuta, inferior lanceolata, acuta,
cuspidata;
bracteac intimao anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae, mhmtc
ciliolatae,
um
anguste triangularia, parva, ciliolata, acuta, 3-nervata, su: sum
subhyahna; corolla incarnata, parce
hirtella,
et minute pubescens,
tubo aliquanto angusto, labiis subaequahbus, ovatis, labio superiore
obtuso, infcriore trilobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis.
Herbs up meter tall; stems ascending, branched, leafy, sub-
to 1
hexagonal, the upper portions puberulous, the hairs
minute and
retrorsely recurved, tlie lower portions glabrous, stout,
up to 7 mm. in
diameter or more; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate, up to 16
cm. long and
6 cm. wide slightly below the middle, narrowed at base, acuminate,
thm, entire or undulate, drying dark olive green,
both surfaces
glabrous or nearly so, tlie costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs)
slender
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, Ul 367
Figure 135 —Diclipter a sarcochmna Leonard {Cualrecasas 15468): a, Node showing in-
florescence; b, basal portion of stem leaf (upper side); c, tip of same (lower side);^ d,
surface slightly enlarged to show cystoliths) e, basal portion

portion of leaf blade (lower ;
the larger of the pair of bracts subtending a

of cyme to show subtending bracts; /,
of innermost bracts; i, one of a
cymule; g, the smaller one; h, one of a pair (larger)
bracts; calyx, spread to show lobes; k, pubescence from

pair of smaller innermost j,
margin of bract above); /, tip of calyx lobe to show pubescence; m, tip of lower Kp
(J,
{a-c. Natural size; d, /, l)i times natural size; e, 3 times natural

of corolla (immature),
12 times natural size; 18 times natural size; m, 5 times
size;/-i, twice natural size; h, /,
natural size.)
but rather conspicuous, the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens,

mm cm
glabrous or the channels sparingly puberulous with curved hau-s;
ermost peduncles up to 7 mm
SI un to 0.5 mm. lone:, nube]
,
subtending the cymes subulate, usually up to 3.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, glabrous; outer bracts subtending the cymules unequal, glab-
rous, ciliolate, delicately veined, the costa more pronounced than
the lateral veins, the superior bract rhombic-ovate, 12 mm. long,
5 mm. wide near the middle, acute, the inferior bract lanceolate,
7 mm. long and barely 2 mm. wide slightly below the middle, acute,
cuspidate; innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, thin,
minutely ciliolate, 1-nerved, hirtellous toward tip, the margins
subhyaline, the larger pair 5 to 6 mm. long and 1 mm. wide near
base, the smaller pair 4 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide near base;
calyx 3 mm. long, the segments narrowly triangular, 2 mm. long and
0.75 mm. wide at base, 3-nerved, acute, ciliolate, hirtellous toward
tip,subhyaline; corolla flesh-colored, sparingly and minutely pubes-
cent, the lower portion of the tube 1 mm. broad, the throat 4 mm.
broad, the lips subequal, ovate, about 4 mm. long, the upper lip
obtuse, the lower one 3-lobed, the lobes about 0.5 mm. long and wide,
rounded; capsules not seen.
forest at La Laguna, on the left side of the valley of the Rio San-
juniquin. Department of El Valle, Colombia, 1,250 to 1,400 meters
altitude, December 10-20, 1943, by Cuatrecasas (No. 154G8).
J.
Didiptera sarcochroma is very closely realted to D. cuatrecasasii
resembling it in many respects. Both are lush growers, have large
thin and nearly glabrous stems and
leaf blades, thick subglabrous
similar bracts. In D. sarcochroma, however, the long marginal hairs
of the larger bracts subtending the cymules are entirely lacking.
The inflorescence of D. cuatrecasasii is nuicli more crowded tlian tliat
of D. sarcochroma, forming dense terminal spikelike thyrsi. The
epithet mrcockroma {oap^, flesh, and xp^m^, color) alludes to the color
of the corollas.
21. Dicliptcra hazenii Leonard, sp. nov. Fiotthe 136

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus ascendentibus, subramosis, subhex-
agonis vel deorsum teretibus, glabris vel sursum praecipue in nodis
minute et parce hirtellis; folia reflexa, laminis ovato-lanceolatis,
acuminatis (apice ipso obtuso vel acuto), basi angustatis, in petiolum
brevitcr decurrentibus, membranaccis, integris vel undulatis, (siccis)
saturate oloo-viridibus, supra glabris vel parce hirtellis, costa et
venis latcrahbus ahquanto dense hirtellis, pilis curvatis et sub-
adpressis, subtus glabris vel parce hirtellis, costa et venis aliquanto
hirtellis, venulis majoribus parallclis, minoribus crasse reticulatis,
prominentibus, cystolithis albidis, parvis; petioli breves, pubcscentes,

pilis minutis adpressis; capitula praecipue axillaria vel sursum
aggregata, thyrsos dcnsos terminalesformantiaiDeduncuhinacaualcs.

hexagoni, glabri vel aliquanto et minute hirtelli, pilis retrorse subad-

pressis; bracteae cymas subtendentes anguste lanceolatae, carinatae,
1-nervatae, ciliolatae, glabrae vel pilos paucos minutes ferentes;
bracteae majores cymulas subtendentes inaequales; bractea superior
lanceolata, acuta, basi angusta, 3-nervata, viridis (vel basi marginibus
albida), minute et aliquanto birtella extus et in marginibus pilos
sursum adpressos subtus ascendentes ferens; bractea inferior oblonga,
acuminata, ciliolata, 3-nervata, sursum subviridis, dcorsum albida,
utrinque minute hirtella; bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae,
acuminatae, ciliolatae, albidae vel apice subvirides; calycis segmenta
anguste triangularia, acuminata, obscure plurinervata, minute
ciliolata, glabra vel apice minute hirtella; corolla rutila, subtiliter
puboscens, pilis patulis, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi^ labiis subae-
qualibus, ovatis, labio superiore obtuso, labio inferiore apice trilobate,
lobis rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis planis parce pilosis,
pilis retrorse ascendentibus; capsulae parvae, complanatae, dense
puberulae, pilis patulis vel basi retrorse ascendentibus; semina

brunnea, suborbicularia levia vel obscure aspera.
SufFrutcscent herbs up to 1 meter high or more; stems ascending,
sparingly branched subhexagonal (or the lower portions terete),
^
glabrous or the tips minutelj" and sparingly hirtellous espcciall}^ at

the nodes; leaves usually reflcxed, the blades ovate-lanceolate, up
to 8cm. long and 3 cm, wide, acuminate (the tip itself blunt or sharp),
narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, firmly mem-
branacous, entire or undulate, drying dark olive green, the upper
surface glabrous or sparingly liirtellous except the costa and lateral
veins (5 or 7 pairs), these rather densely hirtellous, the hairs curved
and subappressed, the loAver surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous
except the costa and lateral veins, these moderately hirtellous, the
hairs curved and subappressed, up to 0.5 mm. long, the veinlets
coarsely reticulate, the cystoliths whitish, 375 ju long; petioles up to 5
mm. long, pubescent, the hairs minute, appressed; capitula mostly
axillary but several of the uppermost confluent, forming a short
terminal spikelike thryse, the peduncles of the capitula uncqunl, up
to 6 cm, long, successive!}^ shorter toward summit of the plant, all
subhexagonal, glabrous or moderately and minutely hirtellous, the
hairs retrorsely subappressed; cymes usually 5-parted, the subtending
bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, carinate
and 1-nerved, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs, ciliolate, the
larger of the outer bracts subtending the cymulcs lanceolate, 8 to 10
mm. long, 1.5 to 2.25 mm, wide slightly above the middle, acute,
gradually narrowed from above the middle to the base, 3-nerved,
green (or the basal marginal area whitish), minutely and moderately
densely hirtellous, the hairs about SSOju long, upwardly appressed on
—
the outer surface and margins, erect on the mner surface, the smaller
outer bract subtending the cymules oblong, about 6,5 mm. long and
1.25 mm. wide, acuminate at the tip, ciliolatc, 3-nerved, the upper
half greenish, the lower half whitish, the pubescence that of the outer
bract, the innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, ciliolatc,
whitish, the larger pair 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, the inner pair 4,5 to 5
Figure 136. Dicliptera hazenii Leonard (Pennell, Killip y Ilazen 8695): ^j Nc)de to show
inflorescence; b^ larger, outer bract subtending the cymnlc; c, marginal liairs of same;
dj the smaller of the outer pair of bracts subtending the cymule; e, one of a pair (larger)
of the innermost bracts; /, one of the pair of the smaller innermost bracts; g, calyx,
spread to show lobes; A, portion of calyx lobe enlarged to show marginal hairs; f, tip of
corolla, spread to show lobes of lower lip, {a^ Natural size; 5, d-g, twice natural size;
c, 12)^ times natural size; kj 10 times natural size; z, 2}i times natural size.)
mm. long, 075 mm. wide near base; o^lyx 4.5 mm. long, the segments
narrowly triangular, 3 mm, mm.
wide near base^ acuminate,
long, 0.75
obscurely scvcral-ncrvcd^ glabrous except the tips, these minutely
hirtellous; corolla peach red, up to 12 mm. long, finely pubescent, the
hairs spreading, about 0,25 mm, long, the lube 2.25 mm. broad at
base, narrowed at 3 mm. above base to 1 mm., thence gradually
enlarged to 4.5 mm, at mouthy the lips subequal, ovate, 7 mm, long,
;
and 5 mm.
wide near base, the upper lip obtuse, the lower 3-lobed, the
lobes suborbicular, 0,75 mm. long and Avide, rounded; stamens reaching
the tip of the upper lip, the filaments flat, sparingly pilose^ the hairs
about 0.5 mm. long, retrorsely ascending; capsules 9 mm. long, 5 mm.
broad, 2 mm, thick, densely puberulous, the hairs 375^ long, spreading,
or the lowermost retrorsely ascending; seed brown, smooth or obscurely
rougliened, flat, suborbicular, barely 3 mm, in diameter, about 0.5
mm. thick.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1142G64, collected on
the bank of Rio Quindio, above Armenia, Department of Caldas,
Colombia, 1,300 to 1,500 meters altitude, July 25, 1922, by Francis
W. Penncfl, Eflsworth P. KilHp, and Tracy E. Hazen (No. 8695).
Isotype: Pli.
A specimen collected in a clearing along the Rio San Kafael below
Cerro Tatami?, Department of Caldas, Colombia, 2,200 to 2,400 meters
altitude, September 7-11, 1922, by Francis W. Pennefl (No. 10320)
(G) is also of this species.
Pennell states that the corollas are jasper red externally and jasper
pink internal!}". He tells us, furthermore, that this plant is a '^tall
herb/' but there is no mention of its exact height,

22. Dicliptera inamoena Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 137
Plerba, caulibus erectis vel ascendcntibus, subhexagonis, glabris

vol parce puberulis, pilis retrorse curvatis, appressis, minutis; lamina
foliorum (infima non visa) oblongo-ovata, acuta vel acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), petiolum breviter decurrens,
basi obtusa, in
Integra vel undulata, subcoriacea, supra glabra, costa ct venis
latcralibus obscuris, costa dense puberula, pilis curvatis, subtus
(sub Icnte) minute punctata, glabra vel parce hirtcUa, costa et venis
lateralibus aliquanto prominentibus, cystolithis subnigris ;
petioli
breves, glabri vel parce pubcruli, pilis curvatis; capitula axillaria et
terminaiia, sursum aggregata, thyrsum densum formantia, pedunculis
brevibus (vel infimis elongatis), hexagonis, puberulis, pilis retrorse
curvatis, minutis, pedunculis cymularum brevibus, quadrangularibus,
puberulis, pilis retrorsis, minutis; folia cymas subtendentes parva;
bractca major exterior cymulam subtendens lanceolata, acuta,
deorsum angustata, cxtus minute et aequaliter puberula, pilis minutis,
arete appressis, vennlis obscuris, intus glabra vel minute hirtella,
costa et venis ac venulis reticulatis, prominentibus; bractea minor
cymulam subtendens lanceolata, acuminata, aliter bracteae superiori
intimae anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae, pallidae vel
similis; bracteae
sursum virides, extus minute adpresse puberulae, intus subglabrae;
calycis segmcnta anguste triangularia, minute puberula, albida
corolla minute pilosa, tubo aliquanto anguste, labiis aequalibus,
labio supcriore ovato, acuto, inferiore late ovato, aplce rotundato^

trilobato, stamina vix exserta, filamentis
lobis parvis, rotundatis;
planis, glabris vel deorsum parce pilosis; ovarium minute hirtellum.
Herbs up to 30 cm, higli or more; stems erect or ascending, subhex-
agonal, glabrous or sparingly pubcrulous, the hairs retrorsely curved,
appressed, 375^ long; leaf blades (only the upper ones present)
oblong-ovate, up to 5.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide, acute or acuminate
(the tip itself blunt), obtuse at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole,
entire or undulate, firmly mcmbranaccouSj the upper surface glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs), these obscure, puber-
mm
Il6
Figure 137. —Dicliptera inamoena Leonard {Triana^ Tuquerres): a, Tip of branch to show
inflorescence; b, enlarged portion of leaf blade (lower surface) to show minute punctae;
r, the larger of the outer pair of bracts subtending the cymule; d^ marginal hairs of
same; e^ the smaller of the outer pair of bracts subtending the cymule; /, one of the
innermost bracts; g, calyx; A, marginal hairs of one of the calyx segments, {a^ Natural
size; b, about 10 times natural size; c, e-g, twice natural size; d, 13 times natural size;
A, 20 times natural size.)
ulous with minute curved hairs, the costa sometimes

lower surface mmu
scurfy under lens, glabrous or sparingly
0.2 mm. long, the venation more prominent
mm
mm
form termmal
thyrsi about 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm
mm. lonp; (or the lowermost olon2:ated. ud to 6.5 cm
LEONAKD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 373
hexagonal, puberulous, the hairs retrorsely recurved, about 125ju long,

the cymules subsessile, their peduncles 0.5 mm. long, quadrangular,
retrorsely puberulous; cymes 5-parted, subtended by small leaves up
to 2.5 cm, long and 12 mm. wide, similar, except in size, to the
lowermost stem leaves, the larger outer bract subtending the cymule
lanceolate, 12,5 mm, long, 4 mm, wide (measurements made from
middle cymule), acute, narrowed from middle to base, the outer
surface minutely and evenly puberulous, the hairs 150/i long, closely
appressed, the venation obscure, the inner surface glabrous or minutely
and sparingly hirtellous, the costa, lateral veins and reticulated vein-
lets more prominent than on the outer surface, the smaller outer
bract subtending the cymule lanceolate, 9 mm. long, 2 mm, wide,
long-acuminate, the lower half not appreciably narrowed, pale toward
base, in other respects resembling the larger bract; innermost bracts
narrowly lanceolate, up to 8 mm. long and 1.25 mm, wide, acuminate,
pale or greenish toward tip, the outer surface minutelj^ appressed
puberulous, the inner surface essentially glabrous; calyx 4.5 mm. long,
minutely puberulous, whitish, the segments narrowly triangular, 3
mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide at base; corolla about 2 cm. long, pilose,
the hairs spreading, about 0.25 mm. long, the tube 1.5 mm. broad at
base, narrowed at 4.5 mm. above base to 0.75 mm., 3 mm, broad at
mouth, the lips equal, 4 mm. long, the upper lip ovate, 2.5 mm. wide
at base, acute, the lower lip broadly ovate, 3.25 mm. wide near base,
the rounded tip 3-lobed, the lobes 0.25 mm. long and wide, obtuse;
stamens barely exserted, the filaments sparingly and retrorsely pilose
toward base; ovary sparingly and minutely hirtellous; capsules not
seen.
Type in the Kew
Herbarium, collected at Tiiquerres, Department
of Narino, Colombia, 1,700 meters altitude, June 1853, by J. Triana
(No. 4093-1). Isotype: Col.
The color of the corolla not apparent in the dried material of the
is
type. The specific epithet alludes to the weedy appearance of the

plant.
23. Dicliptera megalochlamys Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 138

Herba luxurians, caulibus subhexagonis, retrorse puberulis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata,
tenuis, Integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
puberulis, cystolithis minutis, inconspicuis, atrobrunneis petioli ;
graciles, puberuli; cymae pleurumque 3-partitae, pedunculis

axillares
hexagonis, puberulis; bracteae cymas subtendentes subulatae; cymulae
pedunculatae, bracteis cymulam subtendentibus magnis, duobus
subsimilibus, late ovatis, obtusis et apiculatis, basi truncatis, firmis,
integris, ciliolatis (pilis curvatis), glabris vel parce puberulis, costa et
venis lateralibus prominentibus, vcnulis conspicuis, crasse rcticulatis;

flores plures, conferti, sessilcs; bractcae intimae plures, parvae,
triangulares, acutae, ciliatae ct parce hirtellae; calyx tenuis, sub-
albidus, intus glaber, extus dense puberulus, pilis glanduliferis et
eglanduliferis instructus, segmcntis anguste triangularibus, acuminatis;
corolla alba, deorsum glabra, sursum hirtclla, bilabiata, labio supeiiore
lanceolato, apicc obtuso, inferiore oblanccolato, apicc minute trilobate,
lobis parvis, stamina leviter exscrta; antherae loculi
rotundatis;
superpositi; filamenta subglal)ra vel deorsum parce hirtella; ovarium
apice parce hirtellum, basi annulum striatum^ glabrum, minute
lobatum ferens; capsulae ovatae, planae, acutae, pubcrulae; rctinacula
oblique acuta.
Figure 138.— Didipfera megalochlamys Leonard {a-e, i, Pennell 4499; /-A, Herb. Bayon);
tf, Tip of plant; b, cymule bracts; c, one of the inner bractlets;
d, calyx; e^ pubescence of
calyx;/, corolla; g, tip of stamen; h, ovary and disk; i, disrupted capsule valve, {a.
Half natural size; i,/, natural size; c, 3 times natural size; d, twice natural size; e, 40
times natural size; g, i, 3 times natural size; A, 5 times natural size.)
Coarse herbs up to 60 cm. high or more; stems subhcxagonal,

retrorsely puberulous, the lower portions 5.5 mm. or more in diameter;
leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 14 cm. long and 8 cm, wide^ acuminate
(the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base, sometimes obliquely so,
thin, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous except the costa and
lateral veins (4 to 6 pairs), these puberulous, the hairs 125 to
200m
long, curved, subappressed, the cystoliths minute, inconspicuous,
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OP COLOMBIA, HI 375
dark brown, up to 250^ long; petioles slender, up to 6 cm. long or

more, puberulous; cymules axillar}^, peduncled, usually in 3-parted
peduTicIed c^'mes, these solitary or in pairs, the inflorescence of mature
plants forming a loose panicle up to 30 cm. long and 10 cm. broad;
peduncles of the cymes up to 15 mm. long from base to fork, above
fork up to cm, long (lateral) and 15 mm. long (middle), ascending
1
hexagonal, puberulous with curved hairs; bracts subtending the cyme

mm. Ions: and about 0.25 mm
small
cm. lone:, 2 to 2.5 cm
and apiculate at tip, truncate at base, firm, entire, ciliolate with
curved hairs, otherwise glabrous or sparingly puberulous near base,
the venation prominent, the costa and the 3 or 4 pairs of lateral nerves
predominating, the veinlcts coarsely and conspicuously reticulate,
the intercostal areas if viewed under lens and against light, minutely
reticulate; flowers 8 or more, crowded, sessile, the subtending bracts
(several pairs) triangular, 1.5 mm.
long and wide, acute, ciliate and
sparingly hirtellous; caijx thin, whitish, 6 mm. long, subglabrous
within, densely puberulous without a mixture of straight stout
truncate or gland-tipped hairs 50m long and longer straight or curved
pointed ones up to 200ju long, the calyx segments narrowly triangular,
3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, acuminate; corolla white, 2 cm.
long, the lower half glabrous, the upper hirtellous, the hairs spreading.
cm
mm
mm. long, 5 mm. wide, obtuse at tip, the lower lip oblanceolat
2 mm. long, 3.5 mm, wide near tip, minutely 3-lobed, the lob<
1.about 0.5 mm. lontr and broad: stamens cxserted about
mm
posed, 1.5 mm. long, 075 ram.
wide, the filaments subglabrous or
sparingly hirtellous toward base; ovary sparingly hirtellous at tip,
the basal portion enclosed by a striate glabrous minutely lobed
coroniform disk 1.25 mm. long and 1 mm, broad; capsules ovate,
cm. long, 5 mm. broad, 1.75 mm
mm. lon2^, obliauelv acute: seed
Esmeralda, Department
meters
W
Tocarema. 2,200 meters altitude (ex Herb
Bayon) (Vallc), is also of this species.
24. Dicliptera batilliformis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 139
Herba diffusa, caulibus ascendentibus, subhexagonis, deorsum

glabris, sursum bifariam pubcrulis, pilis curvatis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovata, acuminata (apice ipso subacuto) , basi angustata,
tenuis, Integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
basi dense puberulis, pilis subbrunneis et curvatis, cystolithis sub
lente conspicuis ;
petioli aliquanto graciles, subtus glabri, supra
puberuli; cymulae solitariae vel in paribus, axillares; pcdunculi glabri
vel bifariam puberuli, apice complanati, prope basim geniculati,
aliquando bifurcati, in nodis bracteas parvas subulatas ferentes;
bracteae cymulas subtendentes subsimiles, ovatae, apice rotundatae
vel late obtusae ct apiculatao, basi truncatae vel rotundatae, sub-
chartaccae, glabrae, costa ct venis lateralibus prominentibus, venulis
crasse reticulatis, prominentibus; flores plures, subsessiles; bracteae
intimae parvae, triangulares, subcostatae, acutae, ciliatae; calyx basi
glaber, sursum dense puberulus, pilis conicis vel subtruncatis et
gracilibus acutis intermixtis instructus, segmentis triangularibus,
acutis; corolla alba labio purpureo-maculato, tubo deorsum glabro,
sursum limbo bilabiato, labio superiore obovato, rotundato
hirtello,
vel obtuso, labio infcriore anguste ovato, apice trilobato, lobis parvis,
rotundatis; stamina exserta, filamentis planis, hirtellis antherae ;
loculi superpositi; ovarium glabrum, annulo cupuliformi.

K ambling suffrutescent herbs up to 1.3 meters high; stems up to
2 cm. in diameter at base, ascending, subhexagonal, glabrous or the
tips puberulous, the hairs curved and confined chiefly to the grooves;
leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 15 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, acuminate
(the tip itself subacute), narrowed at base, thin, entire or undulate,
both surfaces glabrous except the costa and basal portions of the
lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs), these and the costa densely puberulous,
the hairs brownish and curved, the cystoliths 125 to 175/x long,
conspicuous under a lens; petioles rather slender, up to 5.5 cm. long,
glabrous ventrally, the channel puberulous as is the costa; cymes
solitary or in pairs, axillary, the peduncle glabrous or bifariously
puberulous, flattened and 3 to 3.5 mm. broad at tip, forked at 3 to
5 mm. above base, the portion above the node up to 3 cm. long,
bearing at node a pair of minute subulate bracts about 1 mm. long,
these often deciduous; the large cymule bracts similar but slightly
up to 23 mm, long and 20 mm.
different in size, the posterior bract
wide, the anterior up to 18 mm. long and 15 mm. wide, both ovate,
rounded or broadly obtuse and apiculate at tip, truncate or rounded
at base,
subchartaceous, glabrous, bearing prominent cystoliths,
conspicuously veiny, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the costa
extended through the flattened portion of the peduncle; flowers
LEONARD THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 377
several, subtended by several pairs of thin subcostate

subsessile,
triangular acute ciliate bracts about 1 mm. long and wide; calyx
3.5 mm. long, densely puberulous except the glabrous basal portion
of the narrowly campanulate tube, the pubescence a mixture of
conical or subtruncate and more slender sharply pointed hah^s, the
calyx segments triangular, 1 mm. long and 0.75 mm, wide at base,
acute; corolla white with purple-mottled lip, glabrous except the
medial portions and outer surface of the lips, these hirtellous, the
hairs spreading, about 0.25 mm, long^ the tube 12 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
broad, the mouth 4 mm. broad, the upper lip obovate, about 11 mm.
long and 5 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse, the lower lip narrowly
ovate, 14 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, 3-lobed at apex, the lobes about
1 mm, long, rounded, the middle one 1 mm. wide, the lateral ones
•1a
Figure 139,— Dicliptera baiillifofmisLeonard {Lawrance 258): j, Node showing portion

of inflorescence; J, stem leaf; c, cymule; d^ one of the inner bracts; e^ calyx; /j pubes-
cence of calyx; ^, pistil; A, corolla; i, tip of stamen, iâ^ i, Half natural size; c^ A,
natural size; J, e^ i, 2}i times natural size;/, about 25 times natural size; g, 3}2 times
natural size.)
sHghtly narrower; the stamens slightly exceeding the upper lip of

the corolla, the anther lobes superposed, 2 mm. long and 0.75 mm.
broad, the filaments flattened, dorsally hirtellous, the hairs up to
80ju long; ovary glabrous, the disk low and cupuliform; capsules
not seen*
Type herbarium of the
in the New York Botanical Garden, collected
along a stream in thick forest in the region of Mount Chapon, De-
388179—57—5
;
partment of Boyacfi, Colombia, ''3,400 ft/' altitude, June 28, 1932,

by A. E. Lawrance (No. 258), Isotype: US.
The specific epithet alludes to the shovel-shaped cymule bracts.
Didiptera hatillifonnis is closel}' related to Z>. megalochlamys differing
chiefly from that species in its rounded ovate cymule bracts definitely
longer than broad, and the short-stalked simple or forked cymes.
The cymule bracts of D, megalochlamys are broader than long and
cymes 3-parted instead of forked, the subtending bracts of the node
larger, and the basal segment of the peduncle considerably longer.
25. Dicliptera sanctae-martae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 140
Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis, glabris

vel sursum aliquanto pubcrulis, pilis curvatis;lamina foliorum
oblongo-lanceolata vel oblongo-ovata, subacuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi angustata, tenuis, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra
vel in costa et venis lateralibus minute et parce hirtella, cystolitliis
sub lente conspicuis, supra in costa densis et parallelis; petioli glabri
vel parce hirtelii; cymae solitariae vel binae, axillares, plerumque
3-partitae; pcdunculi leviter complanati, glabri vel parce hirtelii,
pilis minusve curvatis, cystolithis sub lente prominentibus;
plus
bracteae cymas subtendentes subulatae vel aliquando anguste lanceo-
latae,parvae, glabrae vel parce hirtcllae; bracteae cymulam sub-
tendentes aliquanto parvae, bractea inferior aliquanto minor quam
superior, ambae rotundatae et apiculatae, basi
suborbicularcs,
cordatae, virides vel basi albidae, glabrae vel parce ciliatae, costa
aliquanto prominente, venis et venulis reticulatis aliquanto obscuris;
flores pluresj conferti, subsessiles; bracteae intimae parvae, lanceo-
latae, acuminatae, subhyalinac, glabrae vel parce ciliolatae; calyx
tenuis, subalbidus, subhyalinus, minute hirtellus, pilis ascendentibus,
segmentis triangularibus, acutis; corolla rosea, tubo dcorsum glabro,
sursum hirtcllo, pilis retrorsis ascendentibus, bilabiata, labio superiore
ovato, rotundato, labio inferiore oblongo, apice trilobato, lobis
parviSj rotundatis stamina exserta; anthcrac loculi supcrpositi
;
filamenta complanata, sursum glabra, dcorsum parce pilosa; ovarium

glabrum vel parce hirtellum, basi annulum obliquum ferens.
Herbs up to 30 cm. high; stems erect or ascending, subhexagonal,
glabrous or moderately puberulous, the hairs curved; leaf blades
oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, subacuminate (the tip itself
obtuse), narrowed at base, thin to moderatel}^ firm, entire or undulate,
both surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs)
sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the cystoliths conspicuous under
a lens, about 0.5 mm. crowded and parallel on costa of the upper
long,
surface; petioles up to 4.5 cm. long^ glabrous or sparingly hirtellous;
cymes solitary or in pairs, axillary, mostly 3-parted, the peduncles
from base to node up to 2 cm. long, from node to cymules, up to 2,2 cm,
long, subhexagonal, slightly flattened, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous,
more
mes subulat
mm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; cymule
cm
mm
bapiculate at tip, cordate at base, thin, green (or in a small
prom
inent, the lateral veins and reticulations of the veinlets rather obscure,
prominent
mm J
mm, wide, acumm
UO.—Didiptera sanctae-martae Leonard {H. IL Smith 1411): a. Inflorescence; b,

Figure
produced at peduncle node; cymule bracts; d, one of the inner-
one of a pair of bracts c,
most bracts subtending flowers; e, calyx;/, tip of calyx segment to show pubescence;
corolla; h, tip of stamen; i, pistil, [a, Half natural size; h, i, e, 3 times natural size;
g,
€, natural size;/, 40 times natural size; A, 4^ times natural size; j, 7 times natural
z,
size.)
mm
whitish, subhyaUne, minutely hirtellous except the glabrous basal
mm
mm. wide at base, acute; corolla 15 to 20 mm
rosy, mod (the basal portion glabrous), the hairs
I to 250iLt long, the corolla tube 2 mm. broad a
above base to 1 mm., the mouth 2,5
mm. mm
vate, about 1 cm. long and 6 mm, wide, roui
in oblone^. un to 11 mm. long, and 2.5 mm. w
at tip, the lobes rounded, about 0.5 mm.

long and broad; stamens
barely reaching tip of the upper corolla lip, the anther lobes super-
posed, about 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, the filaments flattened,
glabrous at sparingly pilose toward base; st^de slightly shorter
tip,
than the stamens, the stigma bilobed, the lobes linear, obtuse, about
0.5 mm.
long; ovary glabrous or very spanngly hirtellous, the basal
disk oblique, about 0.5 mm. long; capsules not seen.
Type U.
National Herbarium, No. 703911, collected along
in the S.
stream in damp woods, near Cacagualito, vicinity of Santa Marta,
Department of Magdalena, Colombia, "1500 feet" altitude, December
1898, by H. H. Smith (No. 1411). K, Mo, NY, S.
Isotypes: Gil,
Didiptera sanctae-martae when compared with other Colombian
,
species, is well marked by its small suborbicular cordate cymule bracts.

According to Smith, it was not observed anywhere except in the type
locality.
26. Dicliptcra rhombochlamys Leonard, sp. nov. FinuRE 141

Herba, caulibus ascendentibus, subhexagonis, puberulis, pilis
curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata vel subacuminata (apice ipso obtuso)
vel aliquando acuta, basi angustata, satis firma, Integra vel undulata,
utrinque glabra vel subglabra, costa et venis lateralibus puberulis,
pilis curvatis, cystolithis pluribus et conspicuis; petioli aliquanto
graciles, puberuli vel subtus glabri, pilis curvatis; cj^mae solitariae
vel binae, axillares, 3-partitae, pcdunculis subhexagonis, puberulis,
pilis sursum curvatis et subapprcssis; bracteae cymas subtendentes
subulatae; bracteae cymulam subtendentes

rhombicae, bractea
inferior aliquanto minor quam superior ambae acutae vel subobtusae,
glabrae vel parce puberulae; bracteae intimae parvae, anguste tri-
angulatae, acutae, puberulae, pilis subapprcssis; calycis segmenta
anguste triangularia, hirtella, pilis acutis, cglanduliferis et pilis
glanduliferis intermixtis; corolla violacea, dcorsum glabra, sursum
pilosula, pilis patuUs vel recurvatis, tubo angusto, labio superiore
anguste ovato, subobtuso, labio inferiore subsimili, apice trilobato,
lobis parvis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta; antherae loculi super-
positi; filamenta complanata, deorsum parce et rctrorse pilosula;
capsulae ovoideae, complanatae, dense et retrorse pilosulae, pilis
albis; retinacula parva, oblique cucullata.
more; stems erect or ascending, sub-
hexagonal, puberulous with curved hairs; leaf blades ovate, up to
8 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, obtuse or subacuminate with blunt tip or
sometimes acute, narrowed at base, moderately firm, entire or
undulate, both surfaces glabrous or nearly so except costa and lateral
veins (4 or 5 pairs), these more or less puberulous with curved hairs,
the cystoliths numerous and conspicuous, ud to 0.5 mm. lone-: netiolna
slender, up to 2 cm
sometimes glabrous beneath; cymes solitary or in pairs, axillary,
3-parted, the peduncles up to 5 mm. long from base to fork and 3 to 12
mm
mm
mm, wide at base; cvmule bracts rhombic
bracts up to 15 mm. long and 13 mm. wide, the inferior shghtly
smaller, both acute or subobtuse, narrowed at base, firm, glabrous or
sparingly puberulous toward base; interior bracts subtending the
Figure U\,—Dicliptera rhomhochlamys Leonard {Rushy Pennell^487): a. Tip of plant;
cyme; one of the Innermost bracts subtending flower; d, calyx;

t, bracts subtending c,
of calyx segment; corolla; capsule valve disrupted, {a, /,

e, pubescence of tip /, g,
Natural size; b, g, twice natural size; c, d, 4 times natural size- e, 25 times natural size,)
mm. lone:, 0.5 mm

puberulous, the hairs subappressed; calyx 3 mm. long, hirtellous
except the glabrous base, the slender pointed hairs (up^to 100/i
long and ascending) i] termixed

ments narrowly triangular, L75 mm. long, 0.5 mm
mm
densely pilosulous except the basal portion, hairs
mm. loner, the tube 1.25 mm, broad
base, narrowed to 1.5 mm, above base,
slightly gradually
mm. at mouth, the upper lip narrowly ovate, 9 mm
mm
than the upper, 3-Iobed at tip, the lobes 0.75 mm. lon^ and 0.5 mm
d at tip; stamens exserted 6 mm. beyond
mm
flattened J
b
mm. lone;, 4 to 5 mm. broad. 1 mm
mm
mm
Hei
quebrada thicket east of Neiva, Department of Huila, Colombia,
700 to 1,500 meters altitude, July 31, 1917, by H. H. Rusby and F. W.
Pennell (No. 4S7). Isotypes: GH, NY.
A specimen collected at Anolaima, Department of Cundinamarca,
met
species.
from p6uj9i
mule
27. Dicliptera nanodes Leonard, sp. nov. FmuRE 142
Hcrba parva, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis,
glabris; lamina foliorum ovata, acuta vel subacuminata (apice ipso
Figure H2.—DiclipUra nanodfs Leonard {Phez-Arbeldez 3106): a. Tip of plant;

b, base
of cyme to show bracts; c, one of the Innermost bracts subtending
the flowers ;'t/, calyx;
e,^ tip of calyx segment to show character of pubescence; /, retinaculum, (a, Natural
size; b, 3 times natural size; c, f, 5 times natural size; d, 4>^ times natural size; e, 40
subobtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata,

utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, cystolithis sub
lento pluribus et prominentibus; petioli aliquanto breves, glabri;
cymae sohtariae, 2- vel 3-partitae; pedunculi glabri; bracteae cymas
subtendentes subulatae, glabrae; bracteae cymularum rhombico-

ovatae, acutae vel subacutae, basi angustatae, subchartaceae,
glabrae, costa et venis reticulatis sub lente prominentibus, bractea
inferior aliquanto minor quam superior; flores plures, sessiles;
bracteae intimae lanceolatae, acutae, ciliatae, costa prominente;

cal3'cis segmenta anguste triangularia, acuta, ciliata, puberula, pilis
brevibus, glanduliferis; matura

corolla ignota; capsulae ovoideae,
complan Ltae, puberulae, sursum pilis patulis vel ascendcntibus,
deorsum Dilis retrorsis; retinacula parva, oblique cucuUata, glabra

basim parce puberula; scmina
subbrunnea, leviter rugosa.
Low weak herbs up to 12 cm. high; stems
and 3 cm
cm. Ions:
wide, acute to subacuminate (the tip itself subobtuse) narrowed at,
base, moderately firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous,
the costa and lateral veins (3 or 4 pairs) obscure, the cystoliths
numerous and prominent under a lens, up to 375^ long, straight or

mes
solitary, 2- or 3-parted, the peduncles glabrous,
mm
from base to fork, 5 to 7 mm.
long from fork to base of the cymule
bracts, the pair of bracts produced at the peduncle nodes subulate,
about 2 mm. long, glabrous; cymule bracts rhombic-ovate, acute to
firm, subchartaceous, glabrous, the

subacute, narrowed at base,
veins coarsely reticulate, the and reticulations
costa moderately
prominent under a lens, the posterior bract up to 12 mm. long and
10 mm. wide, the anterior up to 10 mm. long and 5.5 mm. wide, more
posterior bract; flowers several, sessile;
sharply acute at tip than the
bracts subtending the flowers lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
the hairs up to 75^ long, ascending,
wide near base, acute, ciliate,
the costa prominent; bractlets similar to the bracts but small
calyx 2 mm the lobes narrowly

mm. lone, 0.3 to 0.4 mm
^ bearing a few hairs similar
Lue uuu. a=,.cuu.x.s, ,.p .^..fe,
to the marginal ones, the outer surface of the calyx segments mod-
erately puberulous with subpapilliform glandular hairs about
25/x long; mature about 17
corolla not seen; style slender,mm. long,
the stigma oblong and rounded, slightly broader than the style,
mm
mm
ing at tip of capsule, but retrorse towards base; retinacula 1 mm.
long, obliquely cucullate, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs
mm. in diameter
light brown, slightly and minutely
384 COKTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Type in the U.
S.
at Tocaima, Department of Cundinamarca, July
22, 1934, by E.
Perez-Arbelaez (No. 3106).
Didiptem nanodes is characterized by its small size, glabrous
or nearly glabrous parts and relatively broad leaf
blades. The
specific epithet is from the Greek vavoidTjs, meaning dwarfish.
28. Dicliptera Columbiana Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 143
Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis, glabris
vel parce vel dense bifariam hirtellis, pilis recurvatis;
lamina foliorum
ovata, subacuta vel subacuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi
angustata'
satis firma,
Integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, costa et venis
lateralibus plus minusve puberulis, pills recurvatis, cystohthis
pluribus
sed inconspicuis, atroviridibus vel subnigris; petioli ahquanto
graciles,
Figure 143.
Dicliptera Columbiana Leonard {Garcia-Barriga 12355) a, Tip of
plant;
: h, node
at base of cyme to show bracts and winged peduncles;
c, one of the innermost bracts
subtending flowers; d, calyx;
pubescence of calyx; /, capsule valve; g, seed; h,
e,
surface of seed to show roughening, {a, Natural size; h, twice natural size; c, 5 times'
natural size; d, 4 times natural size; e, 35 times natural size;/, 2>^ times natural size;
g, 3 times natural size; h, 30 times natural size.)
glabri supra puberuli; cymac

vel erumque sohtariae, axillares,
2- vel 3-partitae; pedunculi hexagoni, angustc alati,
hirtclli, pilis
recurvatis; bracteae cymas subtendentes lineari-subulatae,
acutae
vel obtusac; bracteae cymulam subtendentes aliquanto
magnae,
bractea inferior aliquanto minor quam superior, ambae late ovatae^
obtusae, basi truncatae, tenues, virides, glabrae vel parce puberulae,
costa prominente, ncrvis lateralibus inconspicuis, venulis
crasse
reticulatis, sub lentc prominentibus; bracteae intimae parvae, ovatae,
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ ni 385
eglanduliferis
mixtis
glanduliferis et eglanduliferis intermixtis; corolla subpurpurea,
bilabiata, labio superiore ovato, obtuso, labio inferiore anguste
obovato, apice minute trilobate; antherae loculi superpositi; filameiita

complanata, parce hirtella; capsulae ovoideae complanatae, apicc
subobtusae, dense et retrorse puberulae; retinacula oblique bilobata;
semina complanata, atrobrunnea, minute scabra.
Herbs up to 30 cm. high; stems erect or ascending, subhexagonal,
glabrous or sparingly to densely puberulous in 2 lines, the hairs
recurved; leaf blades ovate, up to 5.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide,
subacute or if subacuminate, the tip itself obtuse, narrowed at base,
drying dark olive green, rather firm, entire, undulate, both surfaces
glabrous except costa and basal portions of lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs),
these sparingly to rather densely puberulous with recurved hairs, the
cystoliths numerous but inconspicuous, dark green or blackish;
petioles rather slender, up to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous or the channels
more cymes mostly 2-parted (sometimes 3-parted),
or less puberulous;
the peduncles below the node 2 mm. long, hexagonal, hirtellous, above
node, 6 to 10 mm. long, hexagonal and narrowly winged, hirtellous, the
hairs recurved, 0.2 mm. long, the bracts borne at the node of the
peduncle linear-subulate, 2 to 4.5 mm. long, acute to obtuse, the larger
cymule bract up to 16 mm. long and 17 mm. wide, the smaller up to
13 mm. long and 13.5 mm. wide, both broadly ovate, obtuse, truncate
at base, firm, green, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the costa rather
prominent, the lateral nerves inconspicuous, the veinlets coarsely
reticulated, rather obscure unless viewed with a lens; innermost
bracts ovate, about 1.25 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, acute to sub-
acute, sparingly hirtellous; calyx 3 mm. long, puberulous with a mix-
ture of glandular and eglandular hairs, the calyx segments narrowly
mm. lona: and 0.75 mm
purplish (iilas o moradas), finely pubescent, about 10 mm
mm. lone and 2 mm
mm. lonsr and 4 mm
ovate, rounded, 0.5 mm. long; anther cells superposed, 1.25 mm
long and 0.5 mm. broad; filaments flattened, sparingly hirtellous;
capsules ovoid, 8 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 1.5 mm. thick, flattened,
obtusish at tip, densely and retrorsely puberulous, the retinacula

usually bilobed, 1 mm. long; seed suborbicular, flattened, 2.5 to 3 mm.
in diameter, 1.5 mm. thick, dark brown, roughened by minute
retrorse prickles.
trail between Guaduas and Alto de Aguaclara, at the Hacienda
Pflvflmilln wp<it, nf Hnflrliifls Df^nHrtinpnt of Cundinamarca. Colombia,
—
altitude 1,040 to 1,320 meters, July 24, 1947, by H. Garcia-Barriga

(N 12355). Garcia-Barriga 's No. 12347 (US), collected at the
same time
resembles
many
cymule bracts
29- Dicliptera compacta Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 144
T
SuffrutescenSj caulibus crectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis,

glabris vel nodis puberulis; lamina foliorum lanceolata, subacuminata
(apice ipso obtuse), basi angustata, firma, Integra vel undulata,
utrinque glabra, costa et venis aliquanto obscura, cystolitliis sub
lente prominentibus; petioli glabri vel in marmnibus canalis puberuli,
Figure 144. Dicliptera compacta Leonard {Triatta, Cop5): ^3, Node to show inflorescence
and leaf blade; b, tip of cymule bract to show venation and cystollths; f, a pair of the
innermost bracts^ d, calyx; e, tip of calyx segment to show pubescence, {a, Natural
size; by twice natural size; r, 3}^ times natural size; d, 3 times natural size; e, 20 times
natural size,)
mae
um -^ ^ w^^4 X /CIS
acutis;bracteae cymas subtendentes parvae, subulatae; bracteae
cymulam subtendentes aliquanto magnae, bractea inferior aliquanto
minor quam ambae late ovatae, obtusae,
9 mmusve
basi
costa et venis prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis: bracteae
mtimae sub-
hyalinae, cystolithis prominentibus instructae; calycis segmenta
anguste triangularia, acuta, puberula, pilis glanduliferis et eglandu-
mtermixtis
Suffrutescent plants up to 30 cm more: stems
LEONARD — THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, HI 387
glabrous or the nodes puberulous with

ascending, subhexagonal,
curved hairs; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 10 cm. long and 3 cm. wide,
obtuse), narrowed at base, glabrous, the
subacuminate (the tip itself
rather obscure, the cystoliths prominent
costa and veins (5 or 6 pairs)
375^ long; petioles up to 2 cm. long,
and numerous under a lens, 250 to
glabrous or the margins of the channel puberulous with curved hairs;
cymes 3-parted, usually several in each axil, the peduncles 2 mm. long
base cymule
from base to fork, 10 to 12 mm. long from fork to of
flattened toward tip, the angles acute,
bracts, glabrous, hexagonal,
under a lens; bracts produced at the
the cystoliths parallel, prominent
fork of the cyme subulate, 2.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm. broad at base;
more apiculate, truncate or
cymule bracts ovate, obtuse and or less
firm, subchartaceous, the costa
shallowly cordate at base, glabrous,
the veins prominent, the cystohths
and the coarse reticulations of
and conspicuous under a lens, the upper bract about
numerous
mm. long and wide, the lower 10 mm. long and wide; innermost
mm
mm. wide at base, acute, ciliate, subhyaline, bearing prom
mm
mixture
ovaries and capsules not seen.
shorter gland-tipped ones corollas,
;
Copo near Tequendama,

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected at
meters altitude, July 1833, by
Department of Cundinamarca, 500
J. Triana (No. 4093-4). Isotype: Col.
distinguished from D. columhiana,
Dicliptera compada can be
crowded inHorescences and the
possibly its closest relative, by the
blades. The specific epithet alludes to the
relatively longer leaf
crowded cymes.
Subtribe Ub, Odontoneminae
& Prantl, Pflanzenf. IV. 3b: 287, 334. 1895

Odontoneminae Lindau; Engl
mostly large and
small: calyx mos
more
stamens usually 2; staminod
allv affixed, muticous or spur
Colombia
26. Odontonema
27. Razisea
28. Siphonogiossa
26. ODONTONEMA Nees

Odontonema Nees in Linnaea 16: 300. 1842. The epithet is derived from
the
Greek words dSoyro-, tooth, and vijua, thread, referring to toothed filaments.
Type species: Odontonema lucidum Nees (Juslicia lucida Andr.). Type
locality: "in Insula Barbados."
Thyrsacanthus Nees in Mart. Fl Bras 9: 97, pi 13. 1847. The epithet is derived
from ehpao-i, thyrse, and ^KavOos, acanthus. Type species.: Thyrsacanthus
harlerioides Nees.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves often rather large, opposite, entire or

undulate; flowers borne in narrow terminal panicles or racemes;
calyx 5-parted, the segments subulate; corollas white, rod, or yellow,
slender, the throat only slightly enlarged, the
limb ips subequal, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower
3-lobed, the lobes usually rounded; stamens 2, the anther
lobes
-minodes 2; capsules clavate. the
solid basal portion slender; seeds 4.
more
. Hemisphere. Odontonema stricium (Nees) Kuntze
Justicia coccinea) is often found in cultivation. It is
difficult 3en Odontonema and Pseude-
offer only immature flowers.
stamens and two staminodcs.
iver, are usually smaller with
small regular lobes, the ry narrow, and the stamens
included. Those of Odontonema are larger, often several centimeters
long, the limb definitely 2-lipped, the lobes rather large
and the
stamens exserted or at least reaching the mouth of the corolla tube.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
Leaf blades reduced from above middle to a narrow rounded
or subauriculate
base.
Flowers scarlet; panicle relatively broad (5 cm.) 1. coccineum
Flowers white; panicle narrow (2 cm.) 2. 0. stenosiachyum
Leaf blades cuneate at base.
3 Q Qfnpelocaule
Shrubs.
Corolla lobes suborbicular
4_ q rubrum
Corolla lobes oblong or oblong-lanceolate.
Corolla up to 16 mm. long; leaf blades up to 7 cm. long.
5. 0. interruplum
Corolla up to 3.5 cm. long; leaf blades up to 15 cm. long.
Corollas 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long
6. O. bradeolatum
Corollas 1.5 to 1.7 cm. long 6a. 0. bradeolatum var. parviflorum
1. Odontonema coccineum Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 145

Frutex gracilis, erectus, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris,
lenticellis parvis, orbicularibus vel ellipticis, plerumque in angulis
instructis, cystolithis parvis, subpunctiformibus,
inconspicuis ; lamina
foliorum oblonga, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata,

rotundata, firma, integra vel undulata vel leviter crenata, glabra,
supra costa et venis obscuris, subtus minute albo-punctata, costa et
venis lateralibus prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis, cystolithis
minutis, inconspicuis; petioli breves, glabri; panicula terminalis,
pedunculata, aliquanto densa, pedunculis et rhachibus parce hirtellis;
Figure HS .—Odontonema coccineurn Leonard (a-i, Haught 2055; ;, Haughi 2841): a. Leaf
blade; b, basal portion of panicle; c, tip of panicle; d, calyx and pistil; e, corolla; /,
pubescence of corolla enlarged to show shape of hairs; g, stamen and staminode; h,
pubescence of anther; t, one of the hairs from the anther enlarged to show shape;;, valve
capsule, Half natural size; d, 3 times natural size; e, a little more

of disrupted {a-c,
than natural size;/, 20 times natural size; g, 3 times natural size; A, 25 times natural
size; I, 50 times natural size;;, three-fourths natural size.)

390 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE^ NATIONAL HERBARIUM
bracteae subulatae, carinatae, parce hirtellae et ciliatae; pedicelli

parce hirtelli; calycis segmenta subulata, glabra vel parce hirtella;
corolla coccinea, puberula, siibventricosa, bilabiata, labiis subaeqiiali-
bus, superiore bilobato, lobis anguste ovatis, apice rotundatis, in-
inferiore prope basim trilobato, lobis oblongis apice rotundatis,
subcucuUatis stamina vix exserta, fiiamentis complanatis, glabris
;
vel basi parce hirtellis, antheris oblongis, lateribus puberulis; stamin-

odia inchoata; ovarium glabrum; stylus gracilis, glabcr; lobi stigmatis
minuti, recurvati, angusti; capsulae clavatae, glabrae, obtusae et
apiculatac; retinacula subobtusa et subcucullata; semina suborbi-
cularia, plana, brunnea, rugosa.
Shrubs up to 2 meters high, slender, stems subquadrangular,
erect;
glabrous, bearing scattered circular or elliptical corky Icnticcls
mostly about 0.5 mm. in diameter, these borne chiefly on the angles,
the cystohths minute, subpunctiform, inconspicuous; leaf blades
oblong, up to 24 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide slightly above middle,
acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed to a rounded base about
1 cm. wide, firm, entire, undulate, or shallowlv and indistinrtlv ormnip
numerous 1
ma
prominent
b
5 mm. long, stout, glabrous; panicles terminal, peduncled, rather
d
ascending, 1 to 3 pairs at each node, the lowermost up to 4cm. long,
the others successively shorter towârd tip of panicle; peduncles 2 to
cm
peduncles sparsely hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, ascending;
lowermost branches of the panicle subtended by small leaf blades;
bracts subulate, up to 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, carinate,
sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate; pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long, sparingly
hirtellous; calyx 5 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the
segments subulate, 3.5 to 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base; corollas
bright scarlet, puberulous (the hairs flattened, triangular, 25 to 75jjl
cm. loner, the tube 3 mm
mm
throat, the lips subequal, 12 mm. long, the upper lip 2-lobed, the
mm
mm
lobes of the upper lip rounded at tip, subcucullate; stamens slightly
mm. Ions:, the filaments 4 mm
or sparingly hirtellous at base, the anthers oblong, 1 mm. broad,
their lateral surfaces puberulous, the hairs erect, 75^ long, the
mm
LEONAED —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, ni 391
slender, dabrous, the stigma lobes recurved, 0.25 mm

cm. loner. 6 mm
mm. thick, obtuse and apiculate; retinacula 3.5 mm
mm. in diam
mm thick, brown, furrowed.
Herbarium. No. 1742321. collected
km
Bermeja, Magdalena Valley, between the Rio Sogamoso and the Rio
Carare, Department of Santander, Colombia, 100 meters altitude,
November 3, 1936, by Oscar Haught (No. 2055).

Antioquia: Dense woods along the Savaletas railway line between Puerto
Berrio and Rio Nuz, 300 to 500 meters altitude, Dec. 12, 1884, Lehmann 4104 (K).
Santander: Damp place in lowland windfall along Margarita Creek, vicinity
of Barranca Bermeja, 100 to 500 meters altitude, October 7, 1934, Haught 1379
Along stream in forest about El Centro, vicinity of Barranca Bermeja,
(US).
100 meters altitude, June 11, 1939, Haught 2841 (US).
Without
marked
firm leaf blades narrowed
small
its rather large and compact panicle of brilliant showy crimson
flowers. The leaf blades resemble those of Odontonema ample xicanle
(Nees) Kuntze of Brazil, but that species has a racemose inflorescence
and pubescent stems.

2. Odontonema stenostachyum Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 146
caulibus subquadrangularibus, (siccis) nigris,

Frutex gracilis,
vel subsessilis, late
aUquanto puberulis; lamina foliorum sessilis
basi
minusve auriculata, aliquanto firma
costa parce hirtella, cystolithis obscuris,
(sicca) subnigra, glabra vel
minutis
venulis subtiliter sed crasse reticulatis;
parce hirtellis, conspicuis,
terminalis
acuminatae
puberuli
subulatae, acuminatae, carinatae, parce
glabrae puberulae;
vel
calycis segmenta subulata, acuminata, glabra vel apice parce puberula;

corolla alba, glabra, lobis ellipticis, rotundatis, venosis; stamina
(immatura) brevia; staminodia parva; capsulae clavatae, basi solido
gracili, (siccae) nigrae, obscure puberulae vel glabratae; semina

atrobrunnea, plana, rugosa.
Slender, sparingly meter hieh or more
stems subquadransrular (the angles rounded), drying blackish, moder
mm
e Stem 7 mm. in diameter or more; leaves sessile or sub

lades broadly lanceolate or oblong-obovate, up to 26 cm
cm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed to t
more or less subauriculate base, mod
Figure U6.—Odontonema sUnostachyum Leonard {Lopez ^ Sanchez 63): a, Tip of plant;

b, node of inflorescence; c, calyx; d, tip of a calyx segment; e, a lobe of the corolla
limb; /, stamen and staminode; g, valve of a disrupted capsule, (a, Half natural size;
b, g, natural size; c,f, 3 times natural size; d, 15 times natural size; e, twice natural size.)
surface drying blackish, glabrous or the costa sparingly hirtellous,

the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the cystoliths obscure and minute,
125/i long, the
lower surface drying dark olive green, minutely rough-
ened, glabrous except the costa and lateral veins (about 20 pairs),
—
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OP COLOMBIA^ III 393
these sparingly hirtellous, conspicuous, the veinlets delicately and

termin
narrow, up to 47 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, the peduncle up to the
much as 20 cm. Ions:, the lowermost
cm
ermost nodes
and rachis moderately
lous, the lowermost pair of bracts lanceolate, up to 7 mm. long,
1 .5
mm. wide at base, acuminate, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the

others similar but successively smaller toward tip of panicle; secondary
peduncles up to 2 mm. long, pedicels up to 6 mm. long, both peduncles
and pedicels puberulous; bracts of the panicle branches subulate, up
to 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, carinate, acuminate, glabrous
or sparingly puberulous; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long, deeply segmented,
the segments subulate, 0.25 mm. wide at base, acuminate, glabrous
or nearly so; corollas white, glabrous, about 1 cm. long (immature),
the lobes elliptical, 8 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, rounded, the veins
prominent; stamens 3 mm. long, the anthers 2 mm. long, 1 mm.
broad, the staminodes 0.5 mm. long, rounded at tip; capsules clavate,
mm. lona:. 4.5 mm. broad, 3.5 mm

mm
long, slender; retinacula 4 mm. long, minutely striate, 0.75 mm
suberose
mm. in diameter
Herbarium
g Carretera al Mar
Colombia. 150 meters altitude, December
M Isotype: US, 1995101.
Hodge's No. 7034 (US), collected in the same locality, August
4-8, 1947, is also of this species.
Odontonema sienostachyum is com
sm
white corollas and by its subauriculate leaf blades. The specific
epithet is from the Greek, artvb%, slender, and ffrdxus, spike, i. e.
inflorescence.
J
3- Odontonema ampelocaule Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 147
Frutex scandens, caulibus glabris vel parce et minute strigosis,

__^:__ i^^:„„ -fî;lorum
-r^
oblongo-elliptica. breviter acumi-
firma; integr
un dulata, supra glabra, cystolithis minutis, subtus glabra, costa et
prominentibus parce strigosis exceptis, venulis crasse reticulatis;
nis
Kinli KrpvAtj
petioh crassi, glabri
breves prfidcii o-lfl.bri vfl parce strigosi;
vel DflTce striffosi raccml terminales.
racemi I
grac pedunculo parce hirteilo, pilis patulis vel ascendentibus,

388179—57- 6
rhache dense hirtella, pilis antrorse curvatis, septatis; bracteae lineari-

lanceolatae, subcarinatae, dense vel parce hirtellae et ciliatae; brac-
teolae anguste triangulatae, acutae, parce hirtellae et ciliatae; flores
in nodis plures, pedicellis gracilibus, hirtellis, pilis fere patulis; calyces
Figure U7 .—Odontonema ampehcaule Leonard (Garcia-Barriga 12473): a, Section from

lower part of stem showing leaves; b, tip of branch showing inflorescence; c, portion
of
leaf blade (upper surface) showing veinlcts and cystoliths;
d, node of raceme showing
bracts and bractlets; i, portion of internode of the raceme enlarged
to show pubescence;
/, calyx; g, stamen and staminode. (a, Half natural size; b, c, natural size; d, twice
natural size; e, 18 times natural size;/, 4 times natural size; 6 times natural
g, size.)
parce tubo campanulato, segmentis triangularibus, graciliter

hirtelli,
acuminatis; corolla aliquanto magna, rubra, puberula, tubo infundi-

bulari, leviter ventricoso, intus basi dense retrorse piloso, labiis sub-
aequalibus, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis
glabris vel pilis rectis ascendentibus praeditis, lobis antherarum

staminodi
quam stamina
pilosis; stigma minute bilobatum, lobis obtusis; ovanum glabrum.
Vine; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly and minutely
strigose, the bark sometimes separating in shreds loosely attached to
the stems; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 19.5 cm. long and 6.8 cm.
wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed and acute or
subacute at base, rather firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface
glabrous, the cystoliths minute, up to 0.8 mm. long, the lower surface
glabrous except the costa and veins (6 pairs), these sparingly strigose,
promment
mm
racemes terminal, slender, up to 25 cm
cm. loner. 1 mm .7 hirtellous, the hairs 0,25
mm
raceme 6 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tip of
the racemes, all rather densely hirtellous with curved ascending septate
mm
and ciliate; bractlots narrowly triangular, 1.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm.
wide at base, acute, sparingly hirtellous and ciliate; flowers several at
mm
4 mm. long, sparingly hirtellous, the tube campanulate, the segments
triangular, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide at base, slenderly acuminate; flowers
2.5 cm. long, red, puberulous with hairs up to 1 mm. long, the tube
3 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 1.25 mm.,
thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm. at mouth, slightly ventricose,
densely and retrorsely pilose within near base, the lips subequal, 4 to
5 cm. long, the lobes 4 to 5 mm. long and 2.5 to 3 mm. wide, rounded,
the margins rugose (dried flowers) ; stamens reaching the tip of the
UDDer lio of the corolla, the filaments flattened, glabrous or bearing a

mm
mm. loner and 1 mm
puberulous dorsally, the hairs spreading, up to 0.6 mm. long, tJi(
stiff,
staminodes about two-thuds as long as the filaments of the fertih

bearing pilose an-
stamens, their filaments flat and glabrous, sterile
thers, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long; style somewhat shorter than th(
stamens, the stigma bilobed, the lobes minute, obtuse; ovary glabrous
capsules not seen.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1932293, collected a
the Hacienda Curiche, El Pefi6n, between the Rios Bunque and Murca
Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1,050 to 1,420 meters alti
tiiHA Anmist 1-3. 1947. bv H. Garcia-Barriga (No. 12473).

simi
ampelocaule and
schomburgkianum (Nccs) Kuntze of British
0.
Guiana suggests a relationship between the two species. 0. schom-
hurgkianum, however, is a shrub only about 1 meter high and has
cm
The type material consists of a section of
stem about 45 cm. long
bearing toward the lower end twô short branches, one of which is
terminated by the raceme. Both branches are noticeably reflexed.
Garcia-Barriga states in his label notes that the stems are quite thick
("tallos gruesos"), so the entire plant must reach a considerable
height. Its scandent nature suggests its specific epithet which is
irom tne Ureek, a/ix^Xos, vme, and Kavkbs, stem.
4. Odontonema rubrum Kuntze
(Vahl)
Justicia rubra Valil, Eclog. Amcr. 3; 1. 1798. Type collected at Santa Marta,
Department of Magdalena, Colombia, by Rohr.
Thyrsacanthus ruber Necs in DC. Prodr. 11; 326. 1847. Based on Justicta
rubra Vahl,
Odontonema rubrum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 3; 492. 189L Based on Justicia
rubra Vahl.
SufTrutescent, the branches spreading, the upper portions subte-

tragonal, rather sparingly hirtellous, the hairs spreading or ascending,
up to about 0.5 mm. long, more or less curved and disposed in two
lines,the lower portions subterete, light gray, subnitid; leaf blades
lanceolate to elhptic, up to 10 cm. long and 5.2 cm. wide, short-
acuminate, narrowed at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate,
both surfaces glabrous or sparingly hirsute toward base, the hairs
1 mm. long, the upper surface drying dull olive, the costa and lateral
veins (5 or 6 pairs) obscure, the lower surface lighter and nitid, the
venation, including the coarsely reticulated veinlets, rather prominent;
petioles up to 5 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute; spikes
terminal, slender, the flowers more or less secund, the peduncle up to
2.5 cm. long, and the rachis hirtellous, the hairs spreading, 0.5 mm.
this
long; bracts lanceolate, the lowermost pair 10 mm. long and 1.5 mm.
wide, the others successively smaller toward tip of spike, all acuminate,
glabrous or sparingly hirsute; bractlets similar to the bracts but much
smaller: nedicels slendt-^r ra. 4 mm Innrr lnVi,, iir.no +i^^ Kn,*„^ iok..
long; calyx 5 mm. long, the segments narrowly triangular, 4 to 4.5 mm.
long, 1 to 1.25 mm. wide at base, acute, sparingly to moderately
puberulous, the hairs up to 50^ long; corollas 2.5 cm. long, red, finely
and moderately puberulous, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed
at 5 mm. above base to 1.25 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm.
at 15 mm. above base and constricted again at throat to 3 to 4 mm .
mm
mm. Ions: and 3 mm
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, IH 397
filaments about 9 mm. long, glabrous; anthers 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
broad; staminodes 4 to 5 mm. ovary glabrous; style
long, glabrous;
about 2 cm. long, glabrous, the stigma linear, but slightly broader
than the style; capsules not seen.
The largish red flowers more or less secund in terminal loose racemes
suggest, as Nees points out in his description of Thyrsacanthus ruber,
the species Odontonema schomhurgkianum from British Guiana. The
above description was drawn from Smith's No. 1390, a plant which
differs in several respects from Kohr's type. The leaf blades of
Smith (5.2 cm
tead of narrowly lanceolate (2 Rohr's collection,

cm. wide) as in
racemes are hirtellous instead of glabrous. The large red
corollas, however, with their short hps divided into obtuse suborbi-
cular lobes, typical of both Rohr's and Smith's specimens, leads one
to include them in the same species. 0. bracteolatum also varies
amount
stems
accompany H. H
York Botanical Garden: "Shrub, 2-4 with few branches, and often
ft.
drooping or procumbent; air roots are frequent. Flower scarlet.

Locally common in damp mountain forest about 5000 ft. The
specimens were collected above Las Nubes, Dec. 17."
Magdalena: Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1390 (NY, GH, Ph, S); Rohr s.n.,
represented by photograph Field Mus. No. 22203 (US).
5. Odontonema Interruptum (H. B. K.) Kuntze

Justicia interrupta II. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 232. 1817. Type collected
near Santa Ana, Colombia, by Humboldt.

Thxjrsacanthus inierrwptus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11; 326. 1847. Based on Justicia
interrupta 11. B. K.
Odontonema interruptum Kuntze, Rev, Gen. PI. 3; 484. 1891.
Shrub branches
; smooth, bearing
terete, scattered minute appressed
hairs; leaf blades oblong, acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed
at base, the upper surface blackish green, the lower pale, both sur-
faces reticulately veined, nitid, glabrous except the costa, this strigose-
mm. loner, nubescent; racemes termm

cm
pedicelled, opposite, distant; bracts hnear, hirsute, longer than the
ments
the upper hp 2-lobed, the lower 3-parted; stamens included, the
approximate
No
specimens seen. from
and that of Nees. The included stamens and small size of the corolla
indicate a possibility that this may be a Psenderanthemum .
A
photograph of Humboldt's specimen in the Berlin Herbarium is in
the U, S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. No. 9515); this shows that
the leaf blades are 5-7 cm. long and 2-2. G cm. wide, and that the
corollas arc about 1.6 cm. long, measurements somewhat larger thnu
those given by Nees.
6. Odontonema bracteolatum (Jacq.) Kuntze
Jusliaa bradeolata Jacq. Coll. Bot. 3: 253. 1789,
Odontonema bracleolahan Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI, 2: 492. 1891. Based on Jusiicia
bradeolata Jacq.
Suffrutescent plants up to 3 meters high, sometimes becoming

diffuse and subscandent with age; stems erect, simple or sparingly
branched, the lower portions terete, 7 mm. in diameter or more
minute subpunctiform cystoliths and
mm
moi
whitish, spreading or ascending, up to 0.5 mm, long; leaf blades
lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, up to 15 cm, long and 4.5 cm. wide but
usually narrower, acuminate, narrowed at base, moderately firm, dull
to subnitid, entire or undulate, both surfaces sparingly hirsute or
mm
numerous
up to 225m long, the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) obscure
promment the vcinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles up to
mm
or sometimes subglabrous flowers borne in racemes or narrow terminal
;
loose to dense panicles usually 10 to 20 cm. long and 1 to 5 cm. broad,

the lateral branches of loose panicles usually basal, solitary or in pairs,
up to 2 cm, long, several-flowered, the upper portion of the panicle
racemose
small
of the lateral branches and pedicels slender, flattened, hirtellous, up to
mm
angular, curved, up to 3 mm. long, carinate, hirtellous, the hairs
ascending, 0.25 mm. long; calyx 2 to 3.5 mm. long, hirtellous to
subglabrous, the segments lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, 0.5 to 0.75
mm. wide at base; corollas scarlet, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, moderately
pubescent, the hairs mostly spreading, 100 to 125m long, the tube 3,5
mm, broad at base, narrowed at 6 mm. above base to 1.5 mm., thence
mm the
mm. ionPT. 4 to 5 mm
the lobes oblong, 4 to 5 mm. long, 2 to 2,5 mm. wide,
obliquely obtuse
at tip, the lower lip equaling or slightly longer than the upper, deeply
mm. Ions: and 3 mm
stamens
filaments
LEONAED —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, HI 399
mm. lonsr and 1.5 mm. broad staminodes

;
up to 1 cm. long, tipped by rudimentary

25 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, 4 mm
mm. broad at base, 3.5 mm. broad
apsule acute; retinacula 3 mm. lonj
3.5 mm. loner and broad, 1 mm.
muricate
Odontonema hracteolatum varies greatly in the relative width of
amount of pubescence of the rachis and
of the stems, and The
leaf blades of Dugand & Garcia-Barriga's No. 2493 do not exceed
21 mm. width w-hereas in Allen's No. 866 they are as much as 4.5
in
cm wide. Smith's Bonda specimen possesses a densely hirsute stem
and rachis but a slender, lax, almost racemose inflorescence, only the
lowermost At the
erne, Haught's No. 3946 has a rachis and upper stem
almost
produced several in a cluster from the base to the tip of the inflores-
cence. extremes
specimens cited.
The species is usually found growing along shaded streams m
me ers altitude. It produces show}^ panicles of
bright red corollas and blooms more or less throughout the year.
Endemic.
AtlXntico: Piojo, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 742 (US).
BolIvar: Between Cartagena and Turbaco, Dugand & Jaramillo 2852 (US).
Magdalena: Bonda, H. H. Sjnith 1389 (in part) (NY, US). Cincinati,
Giacometto 94 (US). Codazzi, Haught 3727 (US). Jiracasaca, U. H. Smith
1389 (ill part) (NY, Pli). Manaure, Haught 3946 (US). Poponte, Allen 866
(Mo). Rfo Ariguanf, near Caracolicito, Dugand & Garcia- Barriga 2493 (US).
Rio Hacha, Haught 4484 (US). Minca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, alt.
600 m., Cardona, GidUrrez & Barklcy 18C. 089 (Med, US).
Norte de Santander: La Esmeralda, Killip & Smith 20932 (GH, NY, US).
Without Locality: Photograph (Field Mus. No. 32704) of Jacquin Herbarium
sheet from Vienna Herbarium (US).
6a. Odontonema bracteolatum (Jacq.) Kuntze var. parvifiorum Leonard, var. nov.
Folia angusta, lanceolata; corolla parva, 15-17 mm. longa, cetera

formam typicam similis.
CacaguiUto, region of Santa Marta Mountains, Department of
Magdalena, Colombia, "1500 ft." altitude. May 1899, by H. H.
Smith (No. 1389, in part). Isotypes: Ph, NY. The variety is also
represented by the following collections:

AtlAntico: Hacienda Riodulce, vicinity of Los Pendales, 20 to 50 meters
altitude, Dugand & Jaramillo 4153 (US).
Magdalena: Rinc6n Hondo, Allen 368 (Mo). Tucurinca, Romero 608 (Ch).
Donama, Ciacomeito 78 (US).
Without Locality: Linden 703, represented by photograph Field Mus. No.
32706 (US).
Odontonema bracteolatum var. parviflorum differs in no way from

the typical form except in the size of tlie corolla, this being 15 to 17
mm. long instead of 25 to 35 mm. long. The leaf blades of the
specimens examined arc predominantly narrow, not exceeding 3 cm.
in width. However, narrow-leafed plants of the typical form with
large corollas arc common.
Nees' Thyrsacantkus bradeolatus is based on Jacquin's plant and
Linden's No. 703. Linden's collection, as can be readily seen from
the photograph (No. 32706), is of the small-flowered form.
27. RAZISEA Oerst.
Razisea Oerst. Vid. Medd. Nat. For. Kjobenhavn, 1854: 142. 1854. Named for
Razis, an Arabian botanist of the 10th century. Type species; Razisea
spicata Oerst. Type locality: Aguacate, Costa Rica
Shrubs bearing rather large, oblong-ovate, mostly glabrous leaves

and terminal pcduncled spikelike racemes of brilliant red flowers;
pedicels short; bracts and bractlets lanceolate, small; calyx small,
deeply segmented, the segments 5, narrowly triangular and short-acu-
minate; corolla narrowly infundibular, shghtly curved, the lips short,
the upper one narrow and acute, tlie lower lip broad, 3-lobed at tip,
the lobes small and suborbicular; stamens 2, exserted, the filaments
flattened; anthers 1-celled, blunt at each end; style exserted, the
stigma 2-partcd; ovary glabrous; capsules clavate, 4-seeded.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Panamd, and Colombia.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Razisea spicata Oerst. Figure 148
Razisea spicata Oerst. Vid. Medd., Nat. For. Kjobenhavn 1845: 142. 1845.
Type collected in dense mountain woods of Aguacate, Costa Rica, by
Oersted.
Shrubs up to 3 meters high stems subquadrangular,

; nitid, glabrous
or puberulous, the hairs minute, white, curved, disposed more or less
cm
and cm. wide, short-acuminate, narrowed at base and
9
on the petiole, rather thin, entire or undulate, the upper surface
glabrous, subnitid, the cystoliths minute, obscure, the lower surface
minutely white-papillose, drying a lighter green than the upper
marcrms
the costa puberulous, the cystoliths sometimes numerous and con-
promi
more than above; petioles up to 5 cm. long, glabrous; flowers
borne in narrow terminal spikelike racemes up to 20 cm. long and 6 cm,

broad, the flowers erect or ascending, usually numerous, the peduncle
up to 3 cm, long, glabrous or bifariously puberulous; rachis puberulous;
pedicels up to 1.5 mm. long, puberulous, the hairs curved; lower-
most bracts narrowly triangular, up to 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide
at base, acuminate, glabrous, the other bracts similar but successively
smaller toward tip of inflorescence; bractlets triangular, up to 2 mm.
long and 0,75 mm. wide at base, acute, glabrous; calyx 5 mm. long,
US.—Razisifa {Lawrance 198): a. Tip of plant; b, portion of the

Figure spicata Oerst.
blade to show cystoliths and minute papillae of the lower surface; Cy bract and
leaf
bractlets; d, calyx; e, tip of expanded corolla; /, tip of corolla before expansion; g,
anther, {a, Half natural size; b, 23 times natural size; c, 3>^ times natural size; d, l}i
times natural size; ^, /, natural size; g, 2}^ times natural size.)
segmented, the segments narrowly triangular, 1 mm

numerous
minute
singly and minutely hirtelious, up to 4 cm
the mm broad near base, gradually enlarged to mm
mouth obliquely truncate, the upper
mm. loner and about 4 mm
more
.
lower lip, this 3-lobed at tip, the lobes suborbicular, about 1 mm.
long and broad; stamens exserted about 10 mm. beyond mouth of
corolla tube, the filaments winged, glabrous; anthers glabrous, rounded
at each end; style about as long as the stamens; ovary glabrous;
capsules not seen.
Although limited in range in Colombia, this species seems to be
rathor widespread in Costa Rica and Panam^. In the last-named
amount
numb
BoYAcX: Thick forested region of Mount Ch:ip6n, Lawrance 198 (K, NY.
S, US)
Cundinamarca: Forests of Pancho on the La Palma Highway, 1,000 meters
altitude, Haught C013 (US). Sasaima, Herbarium of Fidel Pombo (Col).
28. SIPHONOGLOSSA Oerst.
Siphonoglossa Oerst. Vid. Medd. Nat. For. Kjobenhavn, 1854: 159 1854. From
the Greek ffi<i>uv, tube, and yXibacra, tongue, in allusion, probably, to the
slender-tubed corollas. Type species: Siphonoglossa ramosa Oerst. Type
locality; Province of Tehuacdn, Santa Lucfa, Mexico.
Shrubs or sufFrutescent herbs; bracts none; bractlets small; leaf

blades entire; flowers sessile, solitary or few, borne in the axils of
the uppermost leaf blades or occasionally on short peduncles; calyx
segments 4, narrow, short-acuminate; corollas white, blue, or purple,
the tube slender, elongated, terete, the limb 2-lipped, the upper
lip entire or 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobcd, spreading; stamens
2,
adnate to the mouth of the corolla tube, included or exserted but not
reaching beyond the upper lip of the corolla, the anthers 2-cellcd,
the cells more or superposed; staminodes none; stigmas slightly
less
2-lobcd; capsules clavate, usually 4-seeded.
Siphonoglossa is small genus of tropical or subtropical plants
consisting of about a dozen species, ranging from the southern United
States to northern South America.
1. Siphonoglossa calcarea Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 149

Suffrutex parvus, caulibus striatus, teretibus, dense hirtellis,
pihsalbis, curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata, subacuta, basi rotundata,
in petiolum breviter decurrens, supra glabra vel parce hirtella,
magis
om
dense hirtelli, pilis curvatis; fiores solitarii et axillarcs, vel pauci
in pedunculis brcvibus, dense hirtellis; bracteolae subulatae, parvae,
hirtellae; calycis segmcnta acuminata, hirtella; corolla purpurea,
tubo angusto, cylindrico, hirtello, pilis patulis, bilabiata, labiis
subglabris, labio superiore ovato, rotundato, labio inferiore trilobato,
lobis rotundatis: stamina filamentis brevibus

rum dIus minusve superpositis ; stylus sursum
glaber, deorsum minute hirtellus; stigma lineari-lancc cap-
sulae clavatae, dense hirtellae, pilis patulis; retinacula br
truncato-rotundata semina 4, plus minusve complanata, tuberculata.
;
Small branched suffrutescent plants up to 8 cm. high; stems up to

2 mm. in diameter, terete, striate (at least the upper portions),
densely hirtellous, the hairs white, variously curved, about 0.25 mm.
lone internodes
: mostly 1 cm. long, occasionally up to 2.5 cm. long; leaf
li9.Sip}ionog!osja Leonard {Haught 3929): a, Portion of plantj J, portion

Figure calcarea
of stem to show pubescence; c, leaf; d, node from upper portion of stem to show inflores-
cence; e, calyx and one of a pair of bractlets; /, anther, {a, c, Natural size; b, d, twice
natural size; /r, 2>^ times natural size;/, 4 times natural size.)
and 1.2 cm
cm. lone:
at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, the upper surface

glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the costa more densely so, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, white, curved, the costa and lateral
veins (4 or 5 pairs) delicate and rather obscure, the lower surface

moderately and finely hirtellous, especially the veins, the hairs
similar to those of the upper surface, the costa and lateral veins
more prominent than those above, the vcinlets rather finely and
delicately reticulate; petioles slender, up to 4 mm. long, densely
similar to those of the leaf blades; flowers

ppermost leaves or terminating
mm
hirtellous; bractletssubtending the calyx subulate, up mm
long, 0.25 to 0.5 mm. wide at base, ffraduallv narrowed
mm
mm
purplish red (Haught), 15 to 17 mm. long, hirtellous (the lobes
mm
idric, 1.5 mm.diameter at base, reduced at 3 mm. above base
in
mm., thence gradually enlarged to 1.5 mm. at mouth, the unner
mm. lone and 2 mm
mm
mm. wide, rounded; stamens inserted near the mouth of the (
tube, the filaments 2.5 mm. long, glabrous, the anthers 1.5 mm
their lobes more or less superposed; style about 15 mm. long, gh
toward tip, minutely hirtellous from about the middle to bas
mm. lone:, 2.5 mm
mm
mostly straight and spreading, the capsule narrowed
mm
mm g and nearly as broad, concave, rounded-truncate at tip;
-bout 1.25 mm. in diameter, somewhat flattened, tuberculate.
n the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1708760, collected on
limestone soil La
Paz, Department of Magdalena, Colom-
at
meters altitude. Januarv 14 1Q44 Kv 0«nnr Haught
3929).
Tribe 12. laoGLOssEAE
Isoglosseae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 47. 1893; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf
IV, 3b: 287. 1895.
This tribe has GiirtelpoUen (pollen grains usually lens-shaped

or ellipsoidal with a pore at each of the poles and a prickly belt around
the equator), and 2- or 1 -celled anthers.
Subtribe 12a. Porphyrocominae
Shrubs or herbs; flowers often borne in thick spikes, the bracts

imbricate; calyx 5-parted, the segments equal or unequal; corolla
2-lippcd; stamens 4 or 2; anthers 2-cellcd, the sacs equally or unequally
affixed; capsules 4-seeded. Four Colombian genera arc represented:
29. Fittonia
30. Kalbreyeriella
31. Syringidiura
32. Megaskepasma
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, IH 405
29. FITTONIA E. Coem.
Fittonia E. Coem. FL des Serres 15: 185, 1865. Named and Sarah
for Elizabeth
Mary Fitton, authors of ''Conversations on Botany*' and friends of Robert
Brown. Type species: Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem.) E. Coem.
Herbs; leaves petioled, ovate, the blades rounded, cordate at base,

the costa and veins colored; spikes peduncled, terminal, the flowers
borne singly in the axils of the rather conspicuous ovate rounded
overlapping 4-ranked bracts; calyx 5-parted, the segments lanceolate,
ciliate; corolla hypocrateriform, 2-lipped, the upper lip narrow, entire^
incurved, the lower one recurved, 3-lobed; stamens 2, included, at-
tached to the corolla tube near its throat, the anthers 2-celled, the
cells equal; capsules 4-seeded,
In addition to the type species, two others, F. argyroneura E, Coem.
and F. giganiea Linden, have been described, both based on Peruvian
materiah Because of their attractive foliage with its brightly colored
veins they are often found cultivated in greenhouses.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
Veins of the leaf blades white 1. F. argyroneura

Veins of the leaf blades purple 2. F. verschaffeltii
1. Fittonia argyroneura E. Coem. Figure 150

Fittonia argyoneura E.Coem. FL des Serres 16: 103, 1865-1867. Originally
described from cultivated material whose source was probably Perd.
Repent herbs; stems pilose or subtomentose, the hairs dull whitish,

more or less spreading, up to 2.5 mm. long, more or less disposed in
two lines; leaf blades ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 4,5 cm. wide, obtuse
or rounded at apex, rounded and subcordate at base, rather thin,
entire or undulate, ciliate, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, spreading;
the upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, nitid, drying bright
green, marked by conspicuous white coarsely netted veins, the lower
surface drying dull green, the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs)
cm
more
mm. long; flowers borne in terminal peduncled spikes up to
loner or more and about 1 cm. broad, the peduncles (up to 6 cm
mm
mm
mm
some of them gland
5 mm. lonsr. 0.75 mm
mm
or the basal portion glabrous, the segments narrowly lanceolate, 4
mm, lone:, 0.5 mm
mm. loner, the throat 2.5 mm
406 CONTRIBUllONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
mm
similar in size to the upper lip; stamens
mm
the filaments 4 mm pubescent; ovary glabrous or sparingl}-
hirtellous at tip. St stamens
mm
m
the tips ascending, the nodes rooting and the leaves often resting flat
on the ground. All the species of the genus are distinguished by the
conspicuous colored netted veining of the upper surface of the leaf
blades. one prefers rather low altitudes (300 to 760 meters).
Tliis
Specimens from Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia are in the U. S. National
Herbarium.
Figure ISd.^Fittonia argyroneura Cocm. [a, b, Killip 35534; c-e, h, t, Allard 22279 (Peru);
/. g, U White 2348 (Bolivia)): a. Tip of sterile plant; h, pubescence of stem; c, spike;
d, bract; e, marginal hairs of bract;/, one of a pair of bractlets; g, calyx; h, corolla
lobes; i, stamen;/, pistil, (a, c, Natural size; b, j, 5 times natural size; d,f, g, i, 3 times
natural size; e, 7 times natural size; h, twice natural size.)
a
imann Weeds
terns up to 50 cm. in lensfth, creeping: on
ground and rami
m of a broad tail. Leaves paper-like, dark green with a network
m white nerves. Flowers a delicate sulplmr yellow. Colombia.
Grows very frequently in small islands in dense damp forests around
Las Juntas del Dagua, western littoral region of Buenaventura, 0-500
meters. Flowers in September and October. Note: This species —
also occurs on the coast of Barbacoas and on the East Andes of Cuenca
in the district of Guahiquiza Jabaros up to an altitude of 1000 meters."
—
"No. 5600. Weed with procumbent stems up to 50 cm. in length.
Leaves dark green with silver-white nerves. Flowers yellow. Colom-
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, lU 407
bia. Grows on slate rubble in dense forests around Las Juntas del
Dagua, West Andes of Cali, 200-400 m. March."

El Valle: Cisneros, Killip 35534 (US). La Margarita, Rio Digua Valley,
Killip 34892 (US). Dagua, Lehmann 4985 (K), 5G00 (K).
Locality indefinite: "Prov. del Choc6 i Barbac6as i Buenaventura," 10
meters altitude, March 1852. Triana s. n. (K).
2. Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem.) E. Coem.

Gymnostachyum verschaffeltii Lem. lUustr. Hort. 10: pi 37S. 1863. Based on
cultivated material originally from Peru or Colombia.
Fittonia verschaffeltii E. Coem. Fl. des Serres 15: 186. 1865. Based on Gymno-
stachyum verschaffeltii Lem.
Repent or ascending herb up cm. long; stems pilose to sub-

to 30
tomentose; leaf blades ovate to elliptic, up to 10 cm. long and 7 cm.

wide, rounded or obtuse at tip, cordate at base, the upper surface
dull green, the costa and conspicuously reticulated veins purple;

spikes up to 8 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide; peduncles up to 12 cm. long,
pilose or subtomentose, the hairs disposed more or less in two rows;
bracts oval, up to 13 mm. long and 8 mm. wide; corolla white or yellow.
Herbarium specimens of Fittonia argyroneura and F. verschaffeltii
are very similar and dried specimens are extremely difficult to separate,
especially since the purple coloring of the veins invariably fades.

The habit of growth, pubescence, inflorescence, and corollas of
the two species are practically identical. The upper surface of the
leaf blades has
of F. verschaffeltii been described as duller, the epi-
dermis composed of more densely placed conical cells so as to present

a velvety appearance in fresh plants. In contrast, the leaves of F.
argyroneura are smoother and of a nitid green color. This contrast,
strong as it may be in live plants, is weak indeed if herbarium material

is studied and unless there yet remains a slight trace of the purple
coloration in the veins, or the specimen is accompanied by proper
field notes, it is practically impossible to decide to which of the two
species anj^ given specimen might belong.
In the Putumayo region, according to Schultcs, the plant is called
"Mee-na-ku-ru" by the Kofan natives and is used medicinally. The

two species treated here, as well as the suffrutesccnt F. gigantea hinden
of Peru, are found in cultivation.
Cauca: Between Juntas and La Penita, Dagua Valley, Piliier 150G (US).
CaquetX: Florencia, P irez-Arbeldez 733 (US)
Putumayo: Quebrada Conejo, Schultes 3480 (GH).
30. KALBREYERIELLA Lindau

Kalbreyeriella Lindau, Notizbl. Berlin 8: 143. 1922. Named in honor of W,
Kalbreyer, the collector of the type species, K. rosiellata Lindau. Typf
species: Kalbreyeriella rosiellata Lindau. Type locality: Near Plateado,
Antioquia, Colombia.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves petiolcd, usually ovate or oblong-lanceolate;

flowers borne in spikes, racemes or narrow panicles, these spicate or
racemose toward tip; bracts and bractlets shorter than the calj^x;
calyx deeply segmented, the segments 5, lanceolate, thin, slenderly
acute; corolla broadly tubular, slightly ventricose, scarlet, glabrous or
hirtellous, rostrate at tip before the expansion of the lips, the upper
lip in expanded flowers erect, narrow, embracing the stamens
and
pistil,the lower lip triangular, recurved, minutely trilobate at tip;
stamens 2, exserted; anthers 1-celled (one of them 2-celled in K.
cabrerae); ovary glabrous; mature capsules not seen.
The genus Kalbreyeriella is closely related to Razisea, diflôring
m ainly in its rostrate corollas (before expansion).
Lindau described
K. rosiellata as having a 4-parted calyx, but I have found only 5-
parted ones in the many specimens that I have examined of this
genus, including the isotype material in the Kew Herbarium of
Lindau's species.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
Corolla yellow 1, k. cabrerae
Corolla bright red.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent; corollas glabrous or minutely
strigose at tip; leaf blades narrowed at base; flowers borne
in spikes or racemes (spicate toward tip) 2. K. rosiellata
Shrubs; corollas densely hirtellous toward tip, the hairs spread-
ing or ascending, more or less septate; leaf blades notice-
ably large, rounded and cuneate at base; flowers borne in
narrow panicles, these spicate or racemose toward tip 3. K. gigas
1. Kalbreyeriella cabrerae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 151
Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, deorsum glabris sursum
plus minusve dense et minute puberulis, pilis appressis; lamina folio-
rum oblongo-obovata vel oblonga, plus minusve abrupte acuminata,
apicc gracilis et ahquando curvata, basi cuncatapetiolum decur-
et in
rens, aliquanto tenuis, Integra vel undulata, supra parce hirsuta, pilis
subappressis, subtus in costa et venis minute strigosa, cystolithis
subintegris; pctioli alati, glabri; racemi terminal es, angusti, floribus
ad nodos 2 vel pluribus, rhaclie et pedunculo plus minusve dense
hirtellis, pilis adpressis vel
ascendentibus; bracteae et bracteolae
similes, lanceolatae, acutae, subcarinatae, glabrae vel subglabrae,
marginibus ciliolatac; pedicelli glabri vel parce et minute hirtelli;
calycis segmcnta rubra, lanceolata, acuta, graciliter nervata. minute
ciliolata; corolla lutca, deorsum
sursum puberulo, pilis plerumque

labio superiore lanceolato, labio inferiore ovato, conduplicato, apice
minute trilobate, lobis apice rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, glabra,
antheris mucronatis, una uniloculari,
apice rotundatis vel altera
hilornlRri! ransulae dabrae: semina olana, brunnea, muricata.
Figure 151. 19093
y Cabrera 19095): a, Infloresceuce, h, basal part of leaf blade; c, tip of same; d, same
show general shape; node of inflorescence showing bracts
leaf drawn on small scale to ^,
and bractlets;/, calyx; g, tip of corolla; h, 1-celled anther, i, 2-ceIIed anther of the pair;
of showing stigma; k, capsule valve; /, seed, {a-c. Half natural size; d,

/, tip pistil
one-sixth natural size; e, twice natural size; /, Iji natural size; g, natural size; h-j\
4 times natural size; k, l}i times natural size; /, 5 times natural size.)
meters
Cabrera) stems subquadrangu
;
more or less densely and minu

mm. long; leaf blades oblong-obovate to oblong, up to 32 cm.
id 13.5 cm, wide, more or less abruptly acuminate, the tip
and sometimes curved, cuneate at base and decurrent on the

3881T9 — 57- 7
petiole, rather thin, entire or undulate, the

upper surface sparingly
hirsute, the hairs 0.5 mm. long, subappressed, the lower surface
mi the hairs mostly closely ap-
pressed, up to 0.16 mm. long, tation moderately prominent
blackish, up to 0.2 mm. loner:
cm
cm
flowers borne in narrow racemes (up to 20 cm. long and 3 cm. broad),
several to a node or in pairs near tip of inflorescence, the rachis and
peduncle densely
hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, appressed to ascending; bracts lanceolate,
mm
slender subcarinate, glabrous or nearly so, ciliolate: bractlets
tip,
similar to the bracts in size and shape, glabrate; pedicels up to 5 mm.
long, sparingly and minutely hirtellous to glabrous; calyx red,
the
segments lanceolate, 25 mm. long, 3 mm. wide near base, gradually
narrowed to a slender tip, glabrous, delicately nerved, mmu
yellow (Schultes and Cabrera), up to 4 cm, 1
ciliolate; corolla
(probably longer when fully expanded), the tube narrowly campanu"
mm
glabrous, puberulous above, the
and
mm
lip lanceolate, 11 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide at base, the lower lip
mm
mm. long, 0.5 mm
^d several mm. be
corolla tube but slightly shorter than lips (perhaps more exscrted in
mm. Ions. 1.5 mm
forming
mm
mm
mm
the seed-bearing portion 11 mm. long, 4 mm. broad and 3 mm.
thick;
retinacula 2.5 mm. long, the tip lacerate and rounded; seed
brown,
flattened, ovate, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad. 0.5 mm. thick, thp tin
mm. Ions: at middl
face of the seed muricate.
at Mocoa, Comisaria Putumayo, Colombia, "1,800-2,400 feet"
of
altitude, March 16, 1953, by Richard Evans Schultes
and Isidoro
Cabrera (No. 19093). Schultes and Cabrera's No. 19095, collected
nearby on the same dav. is also cf this snAr-iVc
—
LEONARD ^THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, IH 411
Kalbreyeriella cabrerae is a well-marked species differing from

Colombia
and
2. Kalbreyeriella rostellata Lindau
Ka'breyeriella rostellata Lindau, Notizbl. 8: 143. 1922. Type collected in
shady woods near Plateado, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 2,300

meters altitude, March 31, 1880, by W. Kalbreyer (No. 1524).
Suffrutescent plants meter high; stems erect or ascending,

up to 1
simple or sparingly branched, glabrous to moderately hirtellous, the
hairs anoressed, ascending or recurved, up to 0.25 mm. long, septate;
cm
cm. wide but usually about 10 cm. long and 4.5 cm
short-acuminate, narrowed at base, moderately firm, entire Or un-
dulate, the upper surface glabrous to moderately pilose with curved
ascending red-septate hairs up to 1 mm. long, the costa and lateral
veins (9 or 10 pairs) moderately prominent, sometimes red, the lower
surface glabrous or the costa and lateral veins hirtellous, the hairs
about 0.25 mm. long, mostly curved and ascending, the venation
more prominent than above, the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens,
m
cm
casionally reaching 4 cm., glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; flowers
borne in terminal loose peduncled spikes or racemes (spicate toward

tin^ iin to 20 cm. loner, the peduncles up to 2 cm. long, these and the
rachises glabrous
mm
most internodes 10 to 15 mm
toward tip of inflorescence, the pedicels of the lowermost
slender, up to 4 mm. long, minutely hirtellous in two lines
mm. loner, and 2 to 3 mm
becomins smaller
to moderately pilose; bractlets similar but somewhat
to the bracts
longer; calyx 16 mm. long, 5-parted, deeply segmented, the segments
lanceolate, 10 mm. long, 3 ram. wide at middle, acute, thin, minutely
and sparingly ciliolate, faintly nerved; corollas a bright showy red, up
cm. Ions:, erlabrous or sparmgly and mmu
mm
mm. above base to 12 mm
middle, thence reduced to 10 mm. at mou
lite. 13 mm. lonar. 4 mm. wide at base,
mm
mm
and 0.5 mm. wide; staniens
.
about 5 cm. long, exserted 15 mm. beyond mouth of corolla tube and
slightly exceeding the upper lip which partially enfolds them, the
anthers 5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad at middle, narrowed toward
both ends to bluntish tips, both anthers and filaments glabrous;
disc 1 mm. Ions, this and the ovarv srlabrous: stvlc sHorhflv Rimrhp.r
stamens
d
the leaf blad ma
very young leaves. In Ariste-Joseph's No. 1085, the upper surfaces
of the leaf blades are conspicuously covered with red-septate hairs;
other specimens show the same character to a more or less marked
degree. Again, the leaf blades of Ariste
Ariste-Joscph's material do not
exceed 9 cm. in length nor 2.8 cm. in width, whereas those of Cuatre-
cm long and 9 cm. wide. The type
material possesses leaves intermediate between these two extremes.
The specific epithet alludes to the acutely tipped unexpanded
corollas. Colomb
mi
meters. Its
dark green leaves and brilliant red flowers make it an especially
beautiful and conspicuous species.
Antioquia: Shady woods near Plateado, Kalhreyer 1524 (isotype, K). Low-
wet forest along the Rfo Chigorodo, 10 km, northeast of Chigorodo, Haught
4723 (US).
BoYAcX: Higli thick forests in the region of Mount Chap6n, Lawrence 234
(US); 367 (K. Mo, NY, S, US); 694 (GH, US).
Caldas: La Sclva, von Sneidcrn 5293 (US).
Cauca: Quebrada Aguaclara, near its junction with Rfo Plateado, Core 1377
(US)
Choc6: Dauro, Toro 1175 (NY).
Cundinamarca: Albdn, Guevara-Amoriegui 315 (US). Paime, Arisie-Joseph
1085 (NY, US).
El Valle: Chorrera La Elsa in the densely forested valley of Rfo Digua,
Killip 34807 (US); Rfo Digua Valley between La Elsa and Rfo Blanco, Killip
34738 bis (US). Woods about La Laguna, on the left bank of Rio Sanquininf,
Cuatrecasas 15388 (Ch, US). Piedra de Molcr, left bank of Rfo Digua, Cuatre-
casas 15160 (US). Quebrada de San Juan, below Qucreinal, Rfo Digua Valley,
3. Ealbreyeriella gigas Leonard, sp. nov. Fiouue 152

Suffrutex, caulibus glabris vel subtiliter bifariam puberulis, pilis
albis, appressis vel foliorum
breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso?), basi rotundata et cuneata,
in petiolum decurrens, crenata, supra subnitida, glabra vel parce
hirtella, costa et venis aliquanto dense puberulis, pilis appressis,
vstolithis paucis minutis inconspicuis, subtus glabra, sub lente
minute papillosa, cystolithis pluribus et conspicuis, costa et venis
sse reticulatis; petioli crassi,

lateralibus prominentibus
terminales, angustae, floribus
apice panicularum sessilibus et solitariis, pedunculo subtiliter bifariam

hirtello, rliache dense hirtella, pilis subbrunneis, varie curvatis;
bracteae lanceolatae, calyce breviores, glabrae vel parce hirtellae,
ciliatae; bracteolae similes sed minores; calycis segmenta coccinea,

glabra vel apice hirtella, cystolithis
lanceolata, acuta, nervata,
corolla coccinea, parce punctata, basi glabra,
gracilibus, parallelis;
superiore erecto, anguste lanceolato, labio
apice dense hirtella, labio
inferiore triangulari, recurvato, acuto, apice minute trilobato; stamina
exserta, fUamentis planis, glabris vel basi parce pilosis; antherae
glabrae, basi et apice rotundatae; ovarium glabrum.
glabrous or finely and bifarlously puberulous, the
Shrub; stems
hairs white, appressed or ascending, up to 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades
ovate, up to 35 cm. long and 10.5 cm. wide or more, short-acuminate

ftha f.in nrohablv blunt), rounded near base to a width of 3 cm.,
narrowed
T surface
these
appressed hairs up to 0.5 mm
minute
conspicuous and scattered, 100 to 150/i long, the lower surface glabrous
or nearly so, minutely papillose under a lens, the cystoliths numerous

and conspicuous, the costa and lateral veins prominent, much more
and
cm
p to 0.5 mm. long
cm. loner and 5 cm
broad cm
stems, the rachis densely
curved, up to 0.5 mm. long, the lowermost
mm
florescence, the lowermost flowers several, borne on branches about
10 cm. long, the uppermost flowers sessile, solitary, the pedicels about
bracts leaflikc, lanceo-
2 mm. long, hirtellous, the lowermost pair of
mm. acuminate, the succeeding
late, up to 14 mm. long and 6 wide,
pair of bracts firm, narrowly lanceolate, keeled, 13 cm. long, 3 mm.
slender glabrous or spar-
wide at base, gradually narrowed to a tip,
ingly hirtellous, ciliate, the marginal hairs about 0.25 mm. long,
ascending, the other bracts thin, lanceolate, 9 mm. long and 3 mm.
smaller toward tip of inflorescence, all acute,
wide, successively
delicate nerves, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous,
with about 3 pairs of
-:i:î^ 4.i,« i^*^>.r.i ^r.;- rt; ViT-oota tVinoA aiiTifpTirlirur t.hft flowers. Similar
but somewhat smaller; calyx crimson, 25 mm. long, deeply segmented

the segments lanceolate, 5 mm. wide, sharply acute, thin, delicateh
nerved, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous at tip, marked bv slend
cm
punctate, sparingly hirtellous except towards tip, here densely so,
Mm
Figure ISl.—Kalbreyenella Leonard {Cuatrccasas 11271): a. Base of leaf blade; I, tip
gigas
of same; c, enlarged portion of lower surface
to show cystoliths and minute papillae;
d, base of inflorescence; e, tip of same;/, lower
bract; g, one of the upper bracts; h, one
of a pair of lateral bracts; calyx; anther; k, stigma;
/, ;, /, pubescence of tip of corolla.
(a, b, d, e. Half natural siz.c; c, 7 times natural size; /-A, twice natural size;
;, h, j, l>i
times natural size; /, 12 times natural size.)
mm. long, some of them the corolla

tube about 1 cm. m near base to mouth, the upper lip
cm. loner, 5 mm
lip triangular, recurved, 12 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a slender
mm. ion": and 0.75 mm
stamens exserted 15 mm. beyond mouth of corolla tube, the filaments
flat, glabrous or bearmg several minute hau-s near base: anthers 6 mm.
.
long, 1.5 mm.

broad, rounded at tip and base, glabrous; style reaching
tip of the upper corolla lip, glabrous, the stigma conical; ovary
damp between
forests Achipayaco and Mocoa, Comisaria of Putu-
mayo, Colombia, 450 to 500 meters altitude, December 25, 1940,
by J. Cuatrecasas, No. 11271.
When compared with K. rostellata, Kalhreyeriella gigas
recognized by its dense narrow panicle, large crimson cal and
remarkably large leaf blades. The specific epithet, gigas, is from
Greek ylyas meaning giant, in allusion to the large size of the plants
of this species.
31. SYRINGIDIUM Lindau
Syringidium Lindau, Notizbl. 8: 142. 1922. Diminutive of aupiv^, a little pipe,

apparently in allusion to the nearly tubular corolla. Type species:
S. atropurpureum Lindau (Colombia).
Small herbs; stems subquadrangular; leaves medium-sized, lanceo-

late, hirtellous; flowers borne in terminal hairy raceme-like panicles
exceeding uppermost leaves; bracts small, lanceolate; calyx
the
5-lobed, the segments lanceoL
tip,the posterior lobe or lip mmu
the anthers 1-cellcd; pollen grains subclliptical, aculeate, 2-pored;
seeds 4.
Lindau places his genus after Porpkyrocoma. Its subtubular

corolla and lax inflorescence separate it from Sfenosfephanus. Both
genera have 4-lobed (indistinctly 2-lipped) corollas and exscrted
stamens with 1-ceIlcd authors, but in Sfenostephanus the corolla
tube is markedly ventricose and the inflorescence dense and
The genus Syringidium is represented by a single species.
1. Syringidium atropurpureum Lindau Figure 153
Syringidium atropurpureum Lindau, Notizbl. 8: 142. 1922. The specific epi-
thet alludes to the dark purple corollas. Type collected in open place in
forest at Espiritu Santo, vicinity of Oeana, Norte de Santander, Colombia,
November 18, 1879, by W. Kalbreyer (No. 1252). Type in the Berlin
Herbarium. Photograph in U. S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. No.
8802)
Small repent herbs up to about 30 cm. long; stems subquadrangular,

ViirtpHonfl. the hairs mostlv UDwardlv curved, mostly about 0.3 mm.
mm
cm. lone and 2.5 cm (the tip itself blunt),
moderatelv firm
mm
veins (8 to 9 pairs) mm
hirtellous; flowersborne in lax racemelike panicles up to 10 cm

and 1 to 3 cm. broad, the peduncles (up to 3.5 cm. long) and the ]
densely hirtellous, the hairs mostly spreading:, un to 0,25 mm.

(lowermost 1 cm. long)
slender, densely hu-tellous, bearing at tip a pair of small bracts
tending a mature flower and 2 flanking immature ones; bract
tending the branches of the inflorescence lance-subulate, the
most up to 5 mm, long and 0.75 to 1 mm. wide, gradually narrowi
subacute tip, hirtellous; pedicels of mature flowers about 1 mm
Figure \S3,—Synnsidtum atropurpureum Lindau {Kalhreyer 1252): a, Tip of plant; h, node

of inflorescence; c, corolla; d, hairs from corolla; e, posterior lip of the corolla; /, one
of the anterior lobes; g, anther. (^7., Half natural size; b, 3 times natural size; c, 1>^
times natural size; d, 50 times natural size; ej, 5 times natural size; g, 7 times natural
size.)
mm. long, densely hirtellous. the segments 5 ram

mm
cm.
ing or ascenamg, up to 0.64 mm. long
mm. broad at base, narrowed at 3 mm
mm
middle and 3.5 mm
broad at throat, the posterior lobe (or Up) broadly ovate and rounded,
mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, mmu
ower lip) ovate. L5 mm. lontr \
mm. bejoad the mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous, the an

8 to 10
2.5 mm. to 3 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, rounded at both ends;
about 15 mm. long, the stigma minute; ovary glabrous; mature
sules not seen.
Norte de Santander: Espfritu Santo, Kalbreyer 1252 (K, isotype).
32. MEGASKEPASMA Lindau
Megaskepasma Lindau Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 666. 1897. Derived from the Greek
liiyai, large, and aKktraaiia, a covering, in reference to the large bracts. Type
species: M. erythrochlamys Lindau.
Suffruticose; leaves large, oblong, abruptly acuminate with a blunt

tip and cuneate at base, petioled; flowers borne in a terminal spike,
the bracts and bractlets large, conspicuous, colored; calyx segments 5,
equal; corollas narrowly hypocrateriform, the upper lip minutely
bifid, the lower 3-lobed; stamens 2, the anthers bilocular; sti| ma
subcapicate; capsules unknown.
m
1. Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau Figure 154
Meg Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5 : 666. 1897. The

specific epithet is from the Greek kpvdpdi, red, and x>â/*^Sj bract. The type
was collected in the Province of M^rida, Venezuela, by Funck & Schlim
(No. 1171).
Suffruticose, up brown-
to 2 meters high; stems quadrangular,
puberulous; leaf blades oblong, up to 19 cm. long and 7 cm. wide (the
lowermost probably larger), short-acuminate (the tip itself rounded
and apiculate), cuneate at base, rather firm, entire or undulate, both
mmu
mm
terminal up to 18 cm. long and 4 cm. broad
cm
hairs up to 0.32 mm. long, usually variously curved ; bracts ovate, up
to44 mm. long and 17 mm. wide, subobtuse and mucronulate at tip,
narrowed at base, purple or red, sparingly and finely strigose, the hairs
mm
mm. loner and 8 mm
le similar to that of
mm. loner and 3 mm
blunt tip, rather densely hirsute, the hairs upwardly curved, brown.
mm
corolla white (Lindau) Killip
Smith), pilosulous, the hairs mostly retrorsely curved, up to 0.4 mm

mm. loner. 2 to 3 mm
raight or slightly curved, the upper lip lanceolate, 36 mm. long and
mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes oblong, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
ide, recurved, the lower lip narrowly cuneate, 32 mm. long, 9 mm.
ide near the middle, 3-lobcd, the lobes 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide.
Figure IS^.—Megashepasma erthyrochlamys Lindau {Killip W Smilh 14979): a, Spike; I,

leaf; c, bract; d, bractlet; e, calyx segment; /, portion of calyx segment enlarged to
show pubescence; g, upper lip of the corolla; h, lower lip of same; i", anther, (a, b, g, h.
Half natural size; c, d, natural size; e,f, about 35 times natural size; i, 4 times natural
size.)
stamens
mm
mucronulate; ovary 2 mm. long, glabrous; capsules not seen.
Santander: Bucararaanga (cultivated), Killip & Smith 14979 (US).
Subtribe 12b. Isoglosalnae
Shrubs or herbs; inflorescence and bracts variable; calyx 5-parted;

corolla 2-lipped; stamens (in Colombian ffcnera^ 2: anthp.ra l-lohfid;
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, HI 419
muticous; capsules 4-seeded. Three Colombian genera are repre-

sented:
33. Habracanthus
34. Hansteinia
35* Stenostephanus
33. HABRACANTHUS Nees
Habracanthus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 312. 1847. (From dj3p6s, graceful, and
&Kav8osj acanthus). Type: Habracanthus silvaticus Nees. Type collected
between San Bartolo and Pueblo Nuevo, Chiapas, Mexico, by Linden.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves usually ovate moderately firm,

to oblong,
usually entire, hirtellous to glabrate, the venation usually prominent
at least on the lower surface; flowers borne in terminal loose to dense
panicles, the branches usually forked, the pedicels erect, the pubes-
cence consisting of acute hairs or these mixed with gland-tipped
trichomes; calyx deeply 5-parted, the segments narrowly lanceolate,
those of some of the species bearing glandular trichomes; corolla
glabrous or pubescent, blue, red, yellow, hypocrateriform, ringent,
the lower portion of the corolla tube narrow, the upper part rather
abruptly enlarged, tubular or subventricose, the upper lip narrow,
ma
lobes rounded: stamens
&
middle
minute
tipiform; seeds
subrotund, discoid, more or less tuberculate, truncate and somewhat
obUque at base, the angular raphe prominent.
Habracanthus consists of about 40 species, these found in Mexico,
Central America, and northern South America.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
A- Corollas blue or lavender.
Pedicels and rachilla hirtellous, the hairs minute and eglandular; corolla pale
lavender 1- H. sysdus
Pedicels and rachilla pilose or pubescent; corollas blue.

Panicles rather dense, ovoid; the longer hairs of the pedicels, rachilla and
calyx segments conspicuous, spreading and gland-tipped, 2. H. trichotus
Panicles elongate and very lax; pedicels, rachilla and calyx segments pubes-
cent, the hairs not conspicuously long and gland-tipped 3. H cyaneus
A. Corollas variously colored, red, yellow, sulphur, purple, or bicolored.
B, Calyces without gland-tipped trichomes.
Panicles dense.
Corollas greenish yellowish white 4,H, cuatrecasasii
Corollas violet-purple or wine-red.
Leaf blades ovate panicles conical
;
5. H. aglaus
Leaf blades oblong; panicles cylindric 6. H. pycnostachys

Panicles open.
Calyces hispidulous 7. lY. hispidubis
Calyces glabrous to hirtellous, the hairs soft and septate.
Calyces rather densely hirtellous.
Panicles acute at tip 8. //. heliophilus
Panicles rounded at tip .... 9, H, erythranthus
Calyces nearly glabrous, bearing a few hairs on the margins or tips.
Upper surface of the leaf blades conspicuously pilose.
10, H, pulumayensis
Upper leaf surface nearly glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously
hirtellous.
Calyx segments lanceolate, up to 7 mm. long, drying greenish, the
nerves more or less conspicuous; bracts subtending the branches
of the inflorescence ovate to suborbicular, 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
11, H, floriJeruB
Calyx segments linear, up to 12 mm. long, drying blackish, the
nerves inconspicuous; bracts subtending the branches of the
inflorescence cordate, up to 3 cm. long 12. H. callianthus
B. Calyces bearing at least a few gland-tipped trichomes.
Panicles lax, their branches few; leaf blades small, usually less than 10 cm.
long.
Branches of the inflorescence densely and conspicuously pilose,
13, i/. piloaus
Branches of the inflorescence hirtellous.
Corollas up to 2.5 cm. long, bright red 14, H. killipii
Corollas up to 1.5 cm. long, rose 15. H, charien
Panicle branches numerous and crowded.
Inflorescence conspicuously pilose.
Hairs of inflorescence whitish, glandular; corolla red, conspicuous!}^
ventricose at middle, narrowed to throat, long-pilose.
16, //. smiihii
Hairs of inflorescence yellowish, jointed; corolla yellow, not ventricose,
broadened to throat, minutely pubescent 17. //. xanlhothrix
Inflorescence not conspicuously soft gray-pilose.
Corollas, at least the tips, more or less pilose or hirtellous.
Corollas lemon yellow 18. //. xantholeucus
Corollas orange-red 19. //, ampelinus
Corollas strictly glabrous.
C. Calyces with numerous glandular trichomes.
Panicles open and diffuse*
Corolla wine red 20. H. caucensis
Corolla scarlet with yellow tip 21. H , antipharmacus
Panicles compact.
Leaf blades 4 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide_, 22. H. macrochilus
Leaf blades 12 to 19 cm. long, 5.5 to 7 cm. wide,
23. H. oresbius
C, Calyces with few trichomcjs, these mostly at the tips of the seg-
ments.
Panicles dense to rather dense, narrowly ovoid or subcylindric.
Leaves and the leaf-like bracts subtending the branches of the
inflorescence slenderly acuminate 24. H, corei
LEONARD— THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ IH 421
Leaves and leaMike bracts subtending the branches of the

inflorescence short-acuminate.
Leaf-like bracts subtending the branches of the inflorescence
relatively large and conspicuous, the lowermost up to
4 cm. long and 3 cm, wide 25. H, lamprus
Leaf-like bracts subtending the branches of the inflorescence,
relatively small, the lowermost about 10 mm. long and
16 mm. wide 26. H, congestus
Panicles rather open, broadly ovate or indefinite, many of the
branches axillary and extending for some distance down the
stems.
Acute hairs of the rachis 0.3 to 0.4 mm. long.
Corollas red with yellow tinge 27, H .
diversicolor
Corollas lake-red 28. H. pennellii
Acute hairs of the rachis up to 0.16 mm. long.

Calyx segments subulate, gradually narrowed into slender
recurved tips 29. H. microcalyx
Calyx segments narrowly triangular or lanceolate, the tips
erect-
Corollas bright red 30. H, hylobius
Corollas sulphur yellow 3L //. scolnikae
Habracanthus syscius Leonard, sp. nov. Fioure 155

L
Herb
minute
oblongo-ovata, apice graciliter
tumidis; lamina foliorum ovata vel
acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, vel lamina ultima
basi obtusa vel rotundata, aliquanto
acuta vel breviter acuminata,
supra ubique appresso-hirsuta, subtus
firma, Integra vel undulata,
omnmo
inconspicuis vel nullis; petioli graciles,
hirsutis exccptis, cj^stolithis
minales. saepe mult
graciles, aliquanto parvae, pedunculis gracilibu
ramis inflorcscentiae gracilibus

igmenta
anguste linearia, aliquanto hirtella, pilis minutis, ascendentibus,
mtermixtis
minute
mmusve
apice 3-lobato, lobis parvis, obtusis; stamina erecta, exserta, fila-
mentis glabris, antheris purpureis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; semina

min
Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter bigh; stems
d rooting: at the lower nodes
mm
stem swollen, the internodes 1 to 5 cm-
rt of the stem 5 mm. in diameter; leaf
422 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARltTM
blades
slenderly acuminate
most
acuminate (the tip itself subacute), rounded at base, all moderately
firm
mm
and moderately
Figure \SS—Hahracanthus syscius Leonard (Fosberg U Fassett 21733): a,

Node showing
lateral panicle and leaf blade; b, portion of tip of leaf blade
(upper side enlarged to
show pubescence); c, node of inflorescence enlarged to show bracts and pubescence;
/ {a, Natural size; b, about 10 times
natural size; c, 4 times natural size; d, 2}i times natural size; f, 2^ times natural size;
/, 6}i times natural size,)
appressed-birsute, the hairs similar to those of the upper surface,

the cystoHths inconspicuous or lacking; petioles slender, 1.5
cm, long
(unwinged portion), appressed-hirsute; panicles axillary and terminal,
becoming rather numerous, rigid but delicate, up to 5 cm. long and
cm
cm
mm. in diamet
mm. long, hirtcllous, the hairs ascending, about 0.16 mm
lowermost branches subtended bv small leaves, the nthni
mm
mm
narrowly linear, 7 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, faintly

acute, moderately hirtellous with sharply ascending rigid 1
0.1 mm. long and sometimes also bearing a few slender spreadmg
elongate-glandular trichomes about 0.5 mm. in length; corolla pale
lavender, minutely puberulent, 12 to 15 mm. long, the upper lip 8 mm.
long, linear, about 2 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a slender con-
torted tip, the lower lip ovate, 5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes
about 1 mm. long and 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide, obtuse at tip, stamens
erect, exserted 10 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the
anthers 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, purplish, the filaments glabrous;
style slightly exceeding the stamens, the stigma minute, subcapitate,
the style glabrous; capsules clavate, flattened, 9 mm. long, 3 mm.
broad and 1 mm. thick, g'abrous; seed flat, suborbicular, about 2.25
mm. long and 2 mm. wide, white, minutely tuberculate.
a steep, densely wooded slope of Qucbrada Kiocito, on the Hacienda
San Luis, 6 km. northwest of Gramalote and 35 km. west of Ciicuta,
Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, 2,400 meters altitude,
April 8, 1944, by K. F. Fosberg and N. C. Fassctt (No. 21733).
Fosberg states in his label data that the Quebrada Riocito is on the
headwaters of Rio Peralonso and that the woods where his specimen
was coflected were rather dry, at least during the season of his visit,
and that it was not a typical rain forest. Only one plant was seen.
The salient characters of Habracanthus svscius are the numerous,
small
d the slenderly
and tipped leaves, and the tumid, swollen jointed, ascending
abrous below and minutely strigose toward tip. The specific
meanmg "m deep shade m
allusion to the habitat of the plant.
2. Habracanthus trichotus Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 156
Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, pilosis, pilis ascendentibus,

septatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuminata (apice ipso
subobtuso), basi acuta vel (in foliis si mem
tcgra
pilis ascendentibus, septatis, praecipue in costa et venis lateralibus
positis, cystolithis prominentibus; petioli hirsuti, pilis ascendentibus,
termi
ramis
cymas laxas helicoidcas formantibus, rhachibus pilosis, pilis patulis
vel leviter ascendentibus, septatis, pilis longioribus apice glandulosis;
bracteae parvae, linearcs, apice subobtusae, aliquanto pilosae; calycis
segmenta anguste linearia, apice subobtusa, subtiliter 3-nervata,
aliquanto pilosa, pilis brevibus eglandulosis et pilus longioribus

glanduiosis intermixtis ; corolla parva, caerulea, glabra, subventricosa,
labio superiorc ovato, apice rotimdata, labio inferiorc ovato, 3-lobato,
lobis triangularibus, apice rotimdatis; capsulac davatae, glabrae vel
deorsum parce pilosae; retinacula apice erosa; semina suborbicularia,
plana, tuberculata.
Figure 156,— Ilahr acanthus trUkotus Leonard {Cuatrecasas, Schultes, ^ E. Smith 12419):
Tip of plant; b, portion of lower surface of leaf blade enlarged to show pubescence
fl,
and cystoliths; r, portion of Inflorescence enlarged to show calyx and bracts; d, portion
of rachis enlarged to show pubescence; f, section of calyx segment (inner surface)
enlarged to show veins;/, corolla; capsule valve, {a, Half natural
g, size; h, S times
natural size; c, twice natural size; d, e, 6 times natural size;/, 6 times natural size;
g, twice natural size.)
Herbs stems :
mm !S cm
and 3,8 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself subobtuse), obtuse or
rounded at base (the larger lower leaves acute), rather thin, entire or
Dotn surtaces nitid, mod
mm. Ions:, septate, more
prom
inent, up to 0.16 mm. long, the venation moderately prominent;

petioles up to 2 cm. long, rather densely hirsute, the hairs similar to
those of the costa and leaf blades; panicles rather dense, ovoid, rigid,
14 cm. lonff, 8 cm. broad iust below the middle, rounded

lower half leafy, the branches few- usually once or twice
forked, forming loose helicoid cymes

mm
tipped ermost
middle
branches by smaller ovate subsessile, round-based leaves about
cm 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, the uppermost
mm
mm. wide at base, gradually
long, deeply segmented, the segments
mm.
mm. wide near the base, gradually narrowed to a
3-nerved, rather sparingly huûte, the shorter
ut 0.5 mm. long, the longer glandular ones up to
mm las blue, glabrous, 6 mm. long and 2.25 mm.

broad (immature), subvcntricose, the upper lip ovate, 2 mm. long,
rounded at tip, the lower lip ovate, 3-lobcd, the lobes triangular, about
1.25 mm. long, rounded at tip; capsules clavate, 1 cm. long, 4 mm.
broad, 2 mm. thick, glabrous or the solid stipe (4 mm. long) bearing
a few hairs (?); retinacula 2 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, the tip
rounded and shallowly erose; seeds suborbicular, flattened, tuber-
culate.
Tvne in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1850282, collected in
Alto del Loro and Alto de Santa Ines, Region del
Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia

meters Cuatrecasas, R. E.
Smith
Habracanthm trichotus agrees with H. cyaneus Lindau in having
other respects. Contrasting sharply is the
blue flowers but differs in
mu 'h denser panicle of H. trichotus. Those of H.
cyaneus are very siender and lax, with only a few branches. Further-
more, the leaves of this new species are considerably larger than
those of H. cyaneus, the corollas are glabrous instead of pilose, and
the rachises densely pilose with spreading septate hau-s instead of
inconspicuously pubescent.
The height of the plant cannot be determined from the herbarium
specimen, a lateral branch, but, judging from the thickness of the
small section of main stem (about 5 mm.) represented, it could reason-
ably be as much as a meter. The plant was probably somewhat

clambering in habit. Since the few corollas available are apparently
immature or poorly developed, no complete description can be given.
388179—57 8
426 CONTRIBtJTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
The specific epithet is from the Greek word rpixoiTos, furnished with
hairs pilose inflorescence.
3. Habracanthus cyaneus Lindau

Habracanthus cyaneus Lindau in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 668. 1897. Type collected
in "pdramos," in the province of Oeana, Department of Norte de
Santander,
Colombia, 2,700 to 3,300 meters altitude, by SchUm (No. 381).
Suffrutescent plants; young branches pubescent, becoming bi-

fariously pilose, the lowermost portions glabratc; leaf blades ovate,
up to 8 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, but mostly smaller, long-acuminate,
narrowed at base, sparingly pilose, the cystoliths conspicuous;
mm
m. 3 to 5 mm
mm. long and mm.
wide, becominsr about 12
1 mm
in fruit, pubescent; corolla blue, vcntricose, mm
mm. broad at middle. 4 mm
mm.
long and 2 mm. wide, the lower lip 5 mm. long,
5 mm. wide at middle, trilobate, the middle lobe 2 mm
the lateral lobes 1.5 mm 12 mm. long,
attached near the base of the corolla tube; anthers 3 mm
slightly exserted; style 15 mm. long; capsule 14 mm. long,
3 mm!
wide, glabrous, the stipe 5 mm. long; seeds 4.
Herbarium material not seen. Description compiled from the
original.
4. Habracanthus cuatrecasasii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 157

Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus, glabris, nodis plus minusve
tumidis; lamina foliorum aliquanto magna, apice acuta, plus minusve
falcata, basi cuneata, marginibus obscure et levitcr crenatis, ciliatis,
pilis curvatis, ascendentibus, valde scptatis, utrinque
glabra, costa
et venis subtus prominentibus, supra obscuris, cystolithis minu
et obscuris; petioli saepe longi, glabri; paniculae floriferae terminals
glabrae, ramis subhclicoideis, rhache at rhachilli cystolithos
minu ctiformes gercntibus;
paniculae inferiores parvae,
forsan steriles, apetalae, calycibus rcductis, parvis; bracteae ramos
panicularum subtendentes ovatae, sessiles, breviter acuminatae;
bracteae ultimal (bracteolae) lanceolatae, parvae; calycis segmenta
lineari-lanccolata,acuta, glabra; corolla glabra, viridi-flavido-alba,
apice sordido-violacea, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore lineari,
apice acuta, recurvato vel cincinnato, labio inferiore patulo, ovato,
conduplicato, apice 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, obtusis; stamina longe
exserta, antheris muticis; ovarium glabrum.
Herbs up to 1 meter hisrh or more: stp.ms nnfldrnno-nlnf o-lnKmna
d
cm. wide, gradually narrowed from below mi
acute more or less falcate tip, cuneate at base, one side attached
to petiole about 5 mm. above the other, rather firm, shallowly and
obscurely crenate, glabrous except the ciliate margins, their hairs
curved, ascending, conspicuously septate, the cystoliths minute and
obscure, the costa and lateral veins prominent beneath, less so
above, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles up to 3 mm. long,
glabrous; panicles terminal, about 8 cm* long and 5 cra^ broad, the
Figure 157. Leonard

inflorescence; c, node of stem showing small axillary and usually sterile panicles; dj
calyx and bracts of same; ^, calyx and bracts from flowering panicle; /, anther, (a. Half
natural size; by c, natural size; d, e, 3 times natural size;/, 6 times natural size.)
nodes of the stems below the terminal panicle bearing for some
distance small apparently abortive cymose inflorescences up to 2 cm.
long, the branches of the terminal inflorescence subhelicoid, the
entire panicle strictly glabrous, the pedicels 1.5 mm. long, 0,75 mm.
thick, bearing minute subpunctiform cystoliths, the bracts sub-
mm
mm. wide, short-acuminate ultimate bracts lanceolate,
,
about 4 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, acute; calyx 9 mm. long,
glabrous, marked by slender linear cystoliths up to 0.2 mm. long,
the calyces of the sterile axillary branches about 3 mm. long; corolla
about 2 cm. long, glabrous, greenish-ycllowish-white, the tips a
sordid violet, the tube 3 mm. broad at mouth, slightly narrowed
just below mouth, the upper lip hnear, about 2 mm. wide, acute
at tip, curled, the lower lip spreading, about 9 mm. long and 8 mm.
wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes about 1 mm. lonsr. obtuse: stamens
ted 15 mm. beyond tube, glabrous
the anthers 4 mm. long and
about 1 mm. broad, muticous at both
ends; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Type in the Herbarium of the Chicago Natural History Museum,
No. 1273513, collected in open woods of Cajon de Pulido, Quebrada
del Rio Hacha, Cordillera Oriental, Comisaria del Caquetd, Colombia,
1,700 meters altitude, March 26, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 8740).
5, Habracanthus aglaiis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 158
Herba erecta, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris, cystolithis
numerosis, parallelis lamina f oliorum o vata (ultimae suborbiculares)
;
apice breviter acuminata, basi obtusa, ahquanto firma. intesrra vel

minute
obscuris: oetioli subtus
in canale parce panicula terminalis, ovoidca, rhache et
hu-tellis;
rachillis glabris; pedicelli breves; calycis scgmcnta linearia, acuta,
glabra vel apice paucos pilos gerentia, cystolithis conspiculs; bracteac
ramos panicularum subtendentes suborbiculares, glabrae, ultimae
ovato-lanceolatae, acutae, glabrae; corolla glabra, rubra, tubo sub-
cylindrico, labio superiore erecto, anguste lineari, graciliter 3-nervato,
apice obtuso, contorto (sicco), labio inferiore patulo, ovato, condupli-
cato, apice 3-lobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina exserta, antheris
muticis; stylus exsertus, glaber, stigmatibus rotundatis, minutis;
ovarmm
meter
more; stems subquadrangular, s-Iabrous, the cvstohths numerous
mm
cm
cm. in diameter), short-acuminate (the tip itself
minu
mm
prominent
cystohths obscure, blackish; petioles up to 5 cm. long, or those of the
uppermost pair 1 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. thick, glabrous or the channels
sparingly hirtellous, the cystoliths similar to those of the stem; panicle
terminal, dense and conical, about 13 cm. lone and 7 cm. broad, the
flowering portion of the inflorescence bearing

3 nodes below the dense
sterile inflorescence branches about 1 cm. long, the upper leaves sub-
cm. long, the branches of the panicles
tending similar branches up to 4
forming helicoid cymes, the rachis and rachiUa glabrous, bearing
numerous cystoliths like those of the stems, the pedicels erect, about
2 mm. long, glabrous; calyx segments linear, 6.5 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide at base, acute, glabrous or bearing occasionally a few minute
*.. u„;«r, ^4- tir^ fVio /.iTcfnliflia nrknQnip.nons iindftr a Icns: bracts
Leonard {Cuatrecasas 11435): a, Leaf blade; b, tip of

Figure XS^—Hahracanthus aglaus
below of panicle; d, node at base of panicle; e, calyx
panicle; c, node from just tip
Half natural size; h-d, natural size; e, S times natural size;

segment; /, corolla, {a,
/, about m times natural size.)
subtending the branches of the panicle suborbicular, sessile, about 5
mm. in diameter, glabrous, the ultimate bracts ovate-lanceolate, 3 mm.

long and 1 mm
mm. Ions, 4.5 mm
mm. above base to 3 mm., thence enlarged to 6 mm. at mouth
the upper narrowly
lip erect, linear, 12 mm mm
delicately 3-nerved, obtuse at tip, coiled or contorted when dry, the
mm. long, 10 mm
rounded and 3-lobed at tip, the lobes 1 mm. long and wide, rounded
stamens exserted 1 to 2 cm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube
glabrous, the anthers 6 mm. long and 1.5 mm. thick, muticous
at botl
ends; style exserted about 2 cm. beyond mouth of the corolla
tube
the stigmas minute and rounded; ovary glabrous; capsules not
seen
Type in the National Herbarium of Colombia, collected at Planads
de Minchoy, between Sachamates and San Francisco de Sibundov
altitude, Decemb
Cuatrecasas
The specific epithet is from the Greek 017X06?, meaning bright or
beautiful.
6. Habracanthus pycnostachys Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 159

Herba robusta vel suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, puber-
ulis vel deorsum glabratis, pilis fere
appressis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-clliptica vel oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata
(apice ipso
obtuso), basi acuta vel subacuta, aiiquanto firma, integra
vel undulata,
pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis,
venis et venulis crasse re-
promm
amul
helicoideis praeditis; bracteae infimae foliaceae,
ovatae, acutae vol
ummatae
subulatae
vel subacuta, parce hirtclla, pilis plerumque
apice positis; corolla
retrorse curvata, violaceo-purpurea, glabra,
tubo aiiquanto lato et
brevi, labio superiore erecto, lineari, apice
subacuto, labio inferiore
patulo, ovato trilobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis;
stamina exserta,
recurvata, glabra; stylus exsertus, glaber; stigma
minutum, lobis
glabrura
becoming more or less shrubby
stems - " /i "- ^^vy
, ,
ivj ,, .î i^«ji iîv/iio giaui ate, Lilt;
bairs up to 0.08 mm. long, mostly appressed; leaf blades oblong-
cm. lone: and 8,5 cm
acummate (the tip itself obtuse), acute to subacute
at base, moderately
mmu
hairs
mm
prominent
cm
mmu
m
cylmdric termmal panicles up to 22 cm. long and
4 cm. broad, the
lowermost
cm. long and 4 cm. wide, these sharply acummate
—
at base, the node above this separated by an internode as much as

6 cm. long and subtended by ovate foUose acuminate subsessile bracts
up to 2.5 cm. long, the subsequent internodes successively shorter

and the corresponding foliose bracts smaller toward tip of panicle,
the lower internodes of the rachis puberulous, the upper rather
densely hu^tellous with subappressed or ascending septate hairs up to
0.32 mm. long, the pedicels stout, 1 to 3 mm. long, appressed hirtelious,
Figure 159. Habracanihus pycnostackys Leonard (Cuatrecasas 18515): a^ basal node of
inflorescence; b, section of inflorescence near its base; c, tip of inflorescence; d^ leaf;
/, portion of leaf blade (lower surface) to show venation;/, cal/x segment; g, corolla,
(a-c. Natural size; d, half natural size; e, g, about 1}^ times natural size; /, 4 times
natural size.)
btendmg the flowers Iraear-subulate, up to 5 mm* lor
mm. wide, acute, sparingly hirtellous; calyx segmen

mm. longr. 1 mm. wide at base, erradually narrowed ^
mostly borne
mm
tube 8 mm. about 4 mm, broad at base, narrowed to 2.5
loner, mm
at throat, the upper lip erect, linear, cm mm
432 CONTRIBUllONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARnJM
subacute, the lower lip spreading-ovate, 1 cm. long, 0.5 mm. wide,
rounded and subtruncate at tip and 3-lobed, the lobes low, 0.75 mm.
long and 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens glabrous, re-
curved, exserted 7 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers
5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. thick; style exserted 2.5 cm. beyond the mouth
minute
glabi
Los Carpatos, in the valley of the Rio Caii, Department of El
ille, Colombia, about 2.000 meters altitude. Novp.mbftr ."^ 1Q44 Kv
(N
collected
Quoremal, valley of the Rio Digua, Department
meter
Duque's No. 1660 collected at El Recucrdo, valley of the Rio Cali
meters
Habracanthus pycnosfachys should be easy to recognize by its narrow
cylindric panicles with recurved, violet-red flowers. The label of the
type bears the following field notes: "Hierba robusta, 1.5 m. Hoja
verde haz, vcrde cnves. Bractcas verdes. Raquis, pedunculo y
caliz purptireo violdceo oscuro. Corola violeta rojiza oscuro. Fila-
mentos y estilo id." The label on Duque's sheet bears the following
data: "Arbusto de metro de altura, lenosos, y notable por sus
1
bellas flores rojizas y digno de ser cidtivado en jardines."

The specific epithet is from the Greek words tvkvos, close and com-
pact, and (TTaxvs, spike, in allusion to the narrowed dense panicle.
7. Habracanthus hispidulus Leonard, sp. nov. Fioure 160

Herbaerecta vol ascendens, cauUbus subquadrangularibus, plus
minus vc bifariam pubcrulis, pilis appressis vel ascondcntibus; lamina
fohorum lanceolata, breviter acuminata (apice Ispe obtuse), basi
angustata, petiolum dccurrens, aliquanto firma, integra vel
in
undulata, utrinque puberula, pilis curvatis, subappressis vel ascend-
cntibus, pilis subtus praecipue in costa et venis lateralibus positis;
petioli graciles, puberuli; paniculae terminales, modice dcnsae, ramis
cymosis 1-vcl 2-furcatis; rhachillae et pedicelli plus minusve complan-
ati, aliquanto vel dense hispiduli, pilis rigidis, plus minusve patulis,
rectis vel leviter curvatis, septatis; bracteae subulatae, parce hir-

tellae; calycis segmcnta linearia, apice acuta, recurvata, extus ali-
quanto dense hispidulo, pilis rigidis rectis vel leviter curvatis, albidis,
septatis, intus parce et minute hirtella; corolla punicca, pubescens,
pilis septatis, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, leviter ventricoso,
labio superiore erecto, lineari, conduplicato, apice obtuso, integro,
labio inferiore ovato, apice 3-lobato, lobis ovatis, apice rotundatis;
stamina
semina (immatura) tuberculata
Herb; stems erect or ascending, subquadrangular, sparingly and
more or less bifariously puberulous, the hairs appressed or ascending,
up to 0.25 mm, long; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 10.5 cm. long and
3.3 mm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at
Figure \G).—Habr acanthus hispidulus Leonard {_Hodge 6585): a, Tip of plant to show
inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of leaf blade (under surface) enlarged to show
pubescence and cystoliths; c, node of inflorescence enlarged to show bracts; d^ calyx;
/, (d. Natural size;
h, c, about 5 times natural size; d, lY% times natural size; e, 14 times natural size; /,
base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate,

both surfaces puberulous, the hairs curved, subappressed or ascending,
up to 0.32 mm. long, septate, those of the lower surface confined
chiefly to costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs), the venation scarcely
prominent, but more so beneath than above, the cystoliths promi-
nent, up to 0.16 mm. long; petioles slender, up to 3 cm. long, puber-
434 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARITTM
ulous; panicles terminal and also axillary, the terminal ones

about
8 cm, long and 6 cm. broad, moderately dense, the branches cymose,
once- or twice-forked, the lowermost internodcs 1 cm. long, the others
successively shorter toward tip of panicle, the pedicels rather slender,
up to 5 mm. long, these and the iaternodes of the panicle more or
less flattened, moderately to densely hispidulous, the hairs rigid,
more or less spreading, straight or somewhat curved, septate; bracts
subulate, up to 6 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, sparingly hirtcllous;
calyx segments linear, up to 8 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, the tip
acute and recurved, ciliolate, the outer surface rather densely hispidu-
lous, the hairs rigid, straight or slightly curved, whitish, septate, up
to 0.25 mm. long, the inner surface of the segments sparingly and
minutely hirtellous; corolla scarlet, minutely pubescent, the hairs
mm
teriform, 2.3 cm. long, about 2 mm. broad from
mm
enlarged to 5 mm. at throat, the upper Up erect, slender, linear,
cm. lonsr, about 0.5 mm. wide from
mm
mm. long and 1 mm
I 11 mm. bevond th(
mouth
4.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad; style about 5 mm.
longer than the
stamens, glabrous, retinacula 2 mm. long, slightly curved, truncate
and erose at tip, seed (immature) whitish, tuberculato.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in woods at base of a
peak near Santa Elena, on the road from Medellin to Rio Negro,
Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 2,300 to 2,500 meters altitude,
October 13, 1945, by W. H. Hodge (No. 6585).
Habracanihus hispidulus is characterized by its mostly spreading,
slenderly petioled, lanceolate leaf blades, its noticeably though mi-
nutely hispidulous calyces and axes of the inflorescence, and its bright
scarlet corollas.
8. Habracanthus heliophilus Leonard, sp. nov. Fiouke 161

Herba, caulibus
subquadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis rctrorse
curvatis, subappressis vel ascendentibus; lamina foliorum oblongo-
elliptica vol leviter oblanceolata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto firma, Integra vel undulata, pubcr-
ula, pi]is apprcssis vel ascendentibus, septatis, subtus pilis praecipue in
costa et venis prominentibus positis, cystolithis prominentibus;
petioli graciles, puberuli, pilis praecipue appressis; paniculae termi-
ami
arum
— ;
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, in 435
hirsutae, pilis patulis, septatis; pedicelli erecti, dense hirtelli, pilis

patulis, septatis ; bracteae anguste lanceolatae, parce hispidulae
calycis scgmcnta lanceolata, acuta (apice saepe recurvata), obscure
trinervata, extus aliquanto dense hirtella, pilis rigidis, acutis, patulis
vel asccndentibus, septatis, intus papillosa; corolla aliquanto pubes-
cens, tubo angusto, labio superiore erecto, angustissimo, apice integro,
Figure 16L Ilabracanthus heliophilus Leonard {Molina 35): a, Node of stem showing small
axillary panicles and leaf; by portion of leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged to show
pubescence and cystoliths; c, portion of inflorescence from about the middle; t/, tip of
inflorescence; e, node of branch of inflorescence to show bracts;/, calyx; g, tip of calyx
segment enlarged to show pubescence; A, portion of pedicel enlarged to show pubescence;

j\ corolla. (i2, Cj d^ Half natural size; t, f, about 4 times natural size;/, 3 times natural
size; g^ 30 times natural size; A, \2}i times natural size; J, natural size.)
labio inferiore plus minusve patulo^ ovato, apice 3-lobato, lobis ovatis,
apice rotundatis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris angustis; capsulae
clavatae, glabrae*
Herbs up to 1 meter high stems sub quadrangular, puberulous, the
;
hairs retrorsely curved, appressed or ascending, 0.1 to 0,2 nmi. long;

i
blades short
tself obtuse), narrowed at base, moderately
dulat
long, septate, those of the under surface more numerous on costa and
lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs) than on the intercostal areas, the venation
beneath prominent, up to
cm. Ions. 1 mm
mm
cm
forming a narrow terminal acute panicle (about 2,5 cm. broad), the
rachis and rachilla rather densely pubescent, the hairs of the rachis
aoDresscd. those of the rachilla snreadinp^: nedippis 1 to 1 5 rnm Inntr
densely r
branches of the inflorescence subtended bv small subsessile ovate

mm- lone: and 3 to 19 mm
hispidulous
1,25 mm,wide, acute (the tips often recurved), obscurely 3-nerved,
the outer surface rather densely hirtellous with rigid sharp septate
spreading or ascending hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, the inner surface
model
mm. lone:, most
mm. broad. 12 mm
long, tnc upper lip linear, erect, 10 mm. long, about 1 mm. wid
lower lip more or about 3 mm. wide, 3-lol
less spreading, ovate,
tip, the lobes 2.5 mm. long, the middle one 1.5 mm. wide, the ]
1.25 mm. wide, all obtuse and subcucullate stamens exserted si ;
beyond the upper lip of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers 3 mm. long,
0.5 mm. broad; style about 8 mm. longer than the stamens, the stigma
minute; capsules clavate, 8 mm. long, 3 mm. wide and about 2 mm.
; rctinacula 2.5 mm. long, the tip obtuse, suberose;
seeds not seen.
um
men
meters
The color of the corolla not apparent in the dried material.
is
Molina states in his label notes that the plant was in an open and very
sunny place, whence its specific epithet 7}Xtos, the sun, and <^t\os,
loving.
9, Habracanthus erythranthus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 162

Herba erccta, caulibus subquadrangularibus, aliquanto parcc puber-
ulis vel dcorsum glabratis, pilis curvatis, subapprcssis vcl ascend-
entibus, septatis: lamina foliorum oblonsô-ovata vel oblonoô-elHntica.
breviter acuminata, basi cuneata, vel superiores basi rotundatae vel

obtusae, membranacea, Integra vel undulata, utrlnque glabra vel
parce puberula, costa et venis lateralibus vix prominentibus aliqiianto
dense puberulis exccptis, cystolithis vix prominentibus petioli foliorum
;
inferiorum graciles, puberuli, superiorum breves; paniculae terminales

ot laterales,ramis 1-vel 2-furcatis semi-belicoideis, foliis parvis suffultis,
rhachibus et pedicellis aliquanto dense hirtellis, pilis patulis vel re-
trorse curvatis, conspicue septatis; segmenta calycis lineari-lanceolata,
aliquanto hirtella et ciliata, pilis septatis; corolla rubra, subtiliter
pubescens, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, labio superiore oblongo-
ovato, erecto, apice obtuso et minute apiculato, labio inferiore plus
minusve patulo, ovato, 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, apiculatis; stamina
exserta, glabra, antheris linearibus, utrinque muticis; capsulae clava-
tae, glabrae; semina, plana, ovata, tuberculata.
Erect herbs up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular, rather
glabrat
subappressed or ascending, about 0.2 mm
cm. lonff and 2.5 cm
acuminate (the tip itself acute), cuneate at base or the uppermost
pH or ohtiise. thin, entire or undulate, both surfaces elabrous or
more
mm
long, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, these and the costa and lateral
more
scarcely prominent, up to 0.2 mm.
long; petioles of the lower leaves
slender, up to 1 cm. long, puberulous, those of the upper leaves very
short (about 1 mm. long); flowers borne in terminal and axillary
cm. Ions: and 5 cm
of the panicles once- or twice-forked, subhelicoid, the lowermost
stem leaves, these bccommg
smaller and more
inflorescence, the rachis, rachilla and pedicels (1 to 5 mm. long)
rather densely hirtellous with spreading or retrorsely curved and
ments
mm. Ions; and 1 mm. wide, moderately
tate hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, tJaese spreading or ascenamg; coronas
red, finely and moderately pubescent (the hairs ascending, septate,
0.2 mm. about 23 mm. long (from base to tip of the upper lip),
long),
the tubo 1.5 mm. broad at base, thence enlarged to 2 mm. at 5 mm.
above base, and from that point gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth,
slightly saccate, the upper lip narrowly oblong-ovate, erect, about 9
mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, the tip obtuse and minutely apiculate,
the lower lip sHghtly spreading, ovate, 6 mm. long, about 8 njm. wide,
3-lobed at tin, the lobes 0.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, sharply
apiculate; stamens exceeding the upper lip of the corolla, glabrous, the
anthers linear-oblong, 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, blunt at both ends;
capsules clavate, 4-seeded, 12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, about 2 mm.
thick, glabrous; retinacula 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad at base, nar-
rowed to a subacute tip; seed (immature) whitish, flat, ovate, tuber-
culate.
Type in the U. National Herbarium, No. 1995127, collected
S.
in damp forest at base of La Cumbre de Santa Elena, on the road from
Figure 162— IIahracanthus trythranthus Leonard (Scolnik, Araque-M., W

Barkley 19An.
340) a. Tip of plant; b, portion (under surface) of leaf blade enlarged
:
to show trichomes
and cystoliths; c, calyx and bracts; d, portion of pedicel enlarged
to show trichomes; e,
one of the trichomes; /, corolla, {a, Natural size; b, 8 times natural size; c, twice
natural size; d, 17 times natural size; e, 6S times natural size;/, about half natural size.)
Colomb
meter
Alolina, and Fred A. Barkley (No. 19An.340).
Habracantkus erytkranthus bears a general resemblance
H. to
may be closely related to it. The two species, however,
should be easy to separate. The corollas of H. scolnikae are sulphur
yellow, the segments of the calyx are tipped by several conspicuous
glandular trichomes, the pedicels inconspicuously and

hirtellous, and the leaf blades, even the lowermost, i
type, whereas in H. erythranthus the corollas are red.

ments are devoid of any glandular trichomcs, the pedi
lowermost
leaf blades are oblong-obovate or oblong-elliptic.
The specific epithet is from the Greek kpvOpSs^ red, and avdosj flower,
alluding to the color of the corolla.

10. Habracanthus putumayensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 163
Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel in
nodis bifariam pilosis, pilis plus minusve patulis, septatis; lamina
foliorum ovata vel rhombeo-ovata, apice breviter acuminata (apice
ipso subobtuso), basi cuneata, aliquanto firma, Integra vel undulata,
supra dense pilosa, pilis debilibus, ascendentibus, septatis, subtus
ahquanto pilosa, pilis praecipue in costa et venis lateralibus positis,
cystolithis paginae superioris nigris, obscuris, paginae inferioris albis,
pluribus, sub lente conspicuis; petioli subtus glabri, in canale plus
minusve pilosi; paniculae terminales, oblongae, ramis infimis foliis
suff ultis, ramis superioribus bracteis deltoideo-ovatis, apice rotundatis
suffultis, bracteis ultimis parvis, triangularibus, subacutis, rhache et
rhachillis glabris vel parce hirtellis, pedicellis aliquanto brevibus,
glabris; calycis segmenta extus glabra vel apice pilis paucis ascendenti-
bus septatis praedita, intus glandulosa; corolla purpurea, glabra, tubo
subcylindrico, labio superiore lineari, apice acuto, cincinnato vel
contorto, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, conduplicato, apice 3-lobato,
lobis ovatis, obtusis; stamina exserta, glabra; stylus exsertus; stigma
parvum; ovarium glabrum.
Herbs or suffrutescent plants probably up to 1 m. biera or more
(only tips available for study); stems subquadrangular, glabrous or
more
1 mm. long, septate; leaf blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, up
cm. long and 5 cm. wide near middle, gradually narrowed to a
subacuminate tip (the tip itself subobtuse) cuneate at base,
moderately firm
to 1 mm
on the costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs), the cystoliths up to
mm
white, numerous
cm. lone, 1 mm. t
the channels more or less pilose; panicles purple, up to 30 cm. long and
5 cm. broad, moderately dense, the lower branches subtended by
stem
lowermost of these about 4 mm. long and 2.5 mm
wide, the others successively smaller, all glabrous or sparingly hirtel-

lous, the ultimate bracts triangular, about 3 mm. long and 1 mm.
wide at base, subacute; rachis and rachilla glabrous or bearing a few
scattered hairs up to 0.32 mm. long, these ascending and septate;
pedicels erect, up to 2 mm. long, glabrous, ascending; calyx 5 mm.
long, glabrous or bearing a few acute hairs up to 0.16 mm. long on
the outer surface, the inner surfaces glandular; corolla purple, glab-
rous, up to 23 mm. long, the tube up to 10 mm. long, about 2 mm.
broad at base, enlarged to 2.5 mm. at 2 mm. above base, narrowed
Figure 163.—Habracanthus putumayensis Leonard (Schulies y Fiilamal 7740): a, Leaf

blade; b, tip of panicle; c, basal node of same; d, calyx segment; e, corolla, {a-c.
Natural size; d, 6 times natural size; e, l}i times natural size.)
to 2 mm. at 4 mm. above base, thence enlarged to 3 mm. at mouth,

the upper lip erect, 13 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, about 1 mm. wide
at base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip, the lower lip sprcadir^g,
mm
mm. long and wide, obtuse: stamens
the mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers 4 mm. long and
L25 mm. thick, muticous at both ends; style exceeding the stamens
about 4 cm., the two stigma lobes minute, rounded; ovary glabrous;
capsules not seen.

in the
Portachuelo, Valley of Sibundoy, Comisaria of Putiimayo, Colombia,
2,250-2,400 meters altitude, May 31, 1946, by Richard Evans Schultcs
and Mardoqueo Villarreal (No. 7740). Isotype: US No. 2125000.
11. Habracanthus floriferus Leonard^ sp. nov- Ficure 164
Suffrutex, caulibus subterctibus, glabris^ cystolitliis subpuncti-
formibus; lamina follorum ovata, aliquanto magna, apicc brcviter
acuminata, basi lata cuneata vel laminae follorum supremorum basi
rotundatac vel obtusae^ integra vcl undulata, supra parcc pilosa, laxe
pilosula praccipue in venis, costa et venis lateralibus et vciiulis crasse
rcticulatis prominentibus, supra venulis aliquanto obscuris, cysto-
litliis sub Icnte gracilibus sed conspicuis; pctioli longi, glabri, c^^sto-
litliis minutis, pluribus, parallelis; paniculao floriferae terminalcs,
densae vel sublaxae, ramis subhelicoideis, 1-vel 2-furcatae; paniculae

inferiores parvae, forsan stcriles, apetalae, calycibus reductis, parvis;
bracteae ramos panicularum subtcndentcs ovatae vel suborbiculares
vel superiores rotundatae et apiculatae, basi rotundatae, sessiles;
bracteolac lanceolatae, acutae; rliachis et rhachilla glabrae vel parce
pilosulae; calycis segmenta lanccolataj glabra, graciliter nervata;
corolla purpurea, glabra, labiorum paulo hirtellorum
apicibus
excepta^ labio superiorc erecto, liucari, apice curvato vel cincinnato,
apice cucullato et acuto, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, apice rotundato,
3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris
linearibus, utrinque muticis; ovarium glabrum.
Suffrutcscent plants up stems sub terete, glabrous,
to 3 meters high;
the cystoliths subpunctiform leaf blades ovate, up to 19 cm. long and
;
8.5 cm, wide, short-acuminate, broadly cuneate at base or the smaller

uppermost blades rounded to obtuse, rather thin, entire or undulate,
sparingly pilose above with flaccid, septate hairs 1 mm. long or more,
obscurely pilosulous beneath, especially on costa, lateral veins (10
to 12 pairs), and veinlets, these prominent beneath, rather obscure
above, the cystoliths slender but prominent under a lens, up to 0.2
mm. long; petioles up to 8 cm. long, glabrous, the cystoliths minute,
numerous and parallel; flower-bearing panicles terminal, up to 10 cm,
long and about 6 cm. broad, dense to sublax, the stem bearing small
axillary, mostly sterile cj^mcs up to 2 cm- long, the branches of the
inflorescence subhelicoid, usually once-forked; bracts subtending the
branches of the inflorescence ovate to suborbicular, 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
about 1 cm, wide, the lowermost acute, the upper rounded and
apiculate, rounded and sessile at base, the rachis and rachilla glabrous
or rather sparingly pilosulous, the hairs up to^ 0.3 mixi. long, the
pedicels up to 3 mm* long, sparingly hirtelloiis; bracts' subtending the
flowers lanceolate, about 4 mm, long and 1,25 mm. wide near base,
388179—57 9
—
acute; calyx 8 mm. long, glabrous, the segments lanceolate^ 7 mm.

long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute, faintly 3- to 5-nervcd, the cystoliths
obscure, the calyces of the sterile lower axillary inflorescences 2 to 3
mm. long; corolla purple, glabrous except the tips of the lips (these
about 0.2 mm. long and ascending), 2.5 cm. long
hirtellous, the hairs
from the base to tip of the upper lip, the tube 3 mm. broad at base,
Figure Habracantkus fioriferus Leonard {Cuatrecasas 8519): a, Leaf blade; b^ hairs

164.
from margin of leaf blade; f, the upper flower-producing portion of the panicle; d^ one
of the lowermost nodes from the sterile basal portion of the panicle; ^, calys:;/^ anther*
{dy Half natural size; b, 42 times natural si::e; Cy d, natural size; f, about 4 times natural
size;/, 5% times natural size.)
narrowed to 2.5 mm, at 6 mm. above base, 4 mm, broad at mouth,

the upper hp hnear, 1 cm. long, 1.25 mm* wide, the tip recurved or
curled, cucullate and acute, the lower lip spreading, ovate, 1 cm,
long, 7 to 8 mm. wide^ rounded and 3-lobed at tip, the lobes 0.5 mm,
long, 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted 25 mm. beyond the r
mouth of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers linear, 6 mm. long, 0.5
;
mm. broadj muticous at both ends; ovary glabrous; mature capsules

not seen.
the Quebrada del Rio Ilacha, below Gabinete, Cordillera Occidental,
Comisaria de Caqueta, Colombia, 2,100 to 2,250 meters altitude,
March 23, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 8519).
12. Habracanthus calUanthus Leonard, sp. nov- Figure 165
Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, deorsum glabris, sursum
parce lutescenti-strigillosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata vel late
oblongo-lanceolata, graciliter acuminata, saepe plus minusve curvata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi cuneata, submembranacea, Integra vel
leviter undulata, glabra vel parce et minute hirtella, pilis subappressis,
costa et venis lateralibus subtus conspicuis, supra obscuris; petioli

aliquanto longi, glabri vel parce et minute hirtelli, paniculae ter-
minales, ovoideae, foliiferae, rhache et rhachillis et pedicellis plus
minusve hirtellis, pilis recurvatis ; bracteae ramos inflorescentiae
subtendentes foliaceae cordatae, acutae, sessiles vel subsessiles
bracteolae lanceolatae, glabrae vel parce hirtellae; calycis segmenta
linearia, acuminata (apice plus minusve curvato), glabra vel minute et
parce hirtella; corolla coccinea, glabra, labio superiore lineari, apice
obtuso, recurvato vel cincinato, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, apice
3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotandatis; stamina exserta, antheris linear-
ibus, utrinque muticis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; scmina suborb-
subbrunnea, plus minusve muricata.
icularia,
Herbs up to 1.5 meters high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or
rather sparingly yellowish-strigillose, the hairs up to 0,16 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong-ovate or broadly oblong-lanceolate, up to 18 cm.
long and 7 cm. wide, short and rather slenderly acuminate, often
more or less curved (the tip itself blunt), cuneate at base, moderately
thin, entire or lightly undulate, minutely pilosulous above on the
surfaces, pilosulous beneath on the veins and veinlets, the costa
and lateral veins (10 or 12 pairs) moderately prominent beneath, the
veinlets coarsely reticulate, obscure; petioles up to 5 cm. long and 2
mm. thick, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs; panicles ovoid,
terminal, usually up to 20 cm. long and 10 cm. broad, more or less
diffuse to rather dense, especially at and near the tip, the branches
forked with a flower in the fork, the lowermost branches of the panicle
subtended by foliage leaves, the upper with cordate, acuminate, sub-
sessile bracts up to 3 cm, long, the uppermost and flowers subtended
by lanceolate acuminate bracts up to 6 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide
near base, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the rachis and rachilla
more or less hirtellous, the liairs recurved, up to 0.25 mm. long, the
pedicels up to 8 mm. long and 0.38 mm. thick, moderately to rather
densely hirtellous with recurved hairs up to 0.3 mm. long; calyx

segments linear up to 12 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide near base,
acuminate (the tip more or less recurved), glabrous or bearing a few
minute hairs on margins and near the tip; corolla scarlet, up to 24
mm. long, glabrous, the upper lip about 1 cm. long and 2 mm. wide,
the tip obtuse, recurved or coiled, the lower lip ovate, spreading, 1
^t itj
h
a
Figure leS.—IIabr acanthus callianthus Leonard {a, Pennell 2667; b-h, Grant 9011). a,
Leaf; b, tip of panicle; c, basal node of panicle;
branch of inflorescence from near its
d,
base; e, portion of rachilla enlarged to show pubescence;/, calyx;
g, corolla; h, anther.
{a, b, Half natural size; c, d, natural size; e, 30 times
natural size; about 4 times /,
natural size; g, twice natural size; h, 6 times natural size.)
long and about 8 mm, wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes 1

t>
mm
middle one 2 mm. wide, the lateral ones 1.5 mm. wide, all rm
stamens exserted about 1 cm. beyond the mouth of the corolla,
glabrous, the anthers linear, about mm. long and 0.75 mm
rounded at both ends; pistils sliglitly exceeding the stamens, glabrous^
LEONARD —THE AC.\NTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 445
the stigma minute; capsules clavate^ 12 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, 2.5
mm. thick, glabrous; retinacula 2.5 mm. long, narrowed to the truncate
fimbriate tip; seed suborbicular, oblique at base, about 2.5 mm, in
diameter, brownish, muricate at least near the margiTis,
Type U. S. National Herbarium, No, 2059078, collected in a
in the
clearing in temperate forests 3 km. southwest of Charquita and 25
km. west-southwest of Bogotd, Department of Cundinamarca, Co-
lombia, 2,800 meters altitude, April 13, 1944, by Alartin L. Grant
(No. 9011).
Also of this species are Ciiatrecasas' No. 209 (US), collected in a
dense forest of La Hondonada, Salto deTequendama, 2,250 to 2,300
meters altitude, October 2, 1938, and PennelPs No. 2667 (GH, NY),
collected in a forest below El Penon, southwest of Sibate, 2,600 to
2,800 meters altitude, October 29, 1917, Both collections are from
the Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia.
The specific epithet is from the Greek /caXXt-, beautiful, and audosj
flower.
13. HabracanthuiS pilosus Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 166
Herba, caulibus debilibus, subteretibus, pilosis, pilis patulis, sep-

tatis; lamina foliorum lanceolata vel oblongo-elliptica, acuta vel
breviter acuminata (apice ipso subacuto), basi cuneata, membranacea,
Integra aliquanto dense pilosa et ciliata, pilis ascendentibus, costa et
venis lateralibus inconspicuis; petioli pilosi; paniculae foliiferae laxae,
floribus paucis,ramis simplicibus vel 1-furcatis, rhachis et rhachillis
abundante pilosis, pilis patulis, acutis, conspicue septatis, pilis paucis
in glandula parva conica terminantibus intermixtis; bracteae ultimae
subulatae parvae, pilosae, apice recurvatae; calycis segmenta subulata,
apice gracilia (apice ipso subobtuso), pilosa, pilis patulis septatis;
corolla rubra, tubo deorsum piloso, pilis patulis, septatis, sursum
glabro, labio superiore oblongo, apice rotundato, labio inferiore ovato,
3-lobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris
muticis et minute apiculatis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; retinacula
gracilia, recta vel levitcr curvata, apice rotundata, erosa; semina
brunnea, Icvia vel leviter rugosa, basi obliqua.
Herbs; stems weak, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, sub terete, pilose, the
hairs spreading, up to 1,5 mm, long, septate; leaf blades lanceolate to
oblong-elliptic, up to 6 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, acute to short-
acuminate (the cuneate at base, thin, entire,
tip itself subacute),
rather densely pilose on both surfaces and ciliate, the hairs ascending,
up to 1 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (about 6 pairs) barely
prominent beneath, obscure above; petioles up to 2 cm, long, pilose;
panicles lax, few-flowered, leafy, the branches simple or once-forked,
—
the rliachis and rachilla rather copiously pilose, the hairs spreading,
conspicuously septate, occasionally a few of the hairs terminating in
a minute brownish conical gland, the leaflike bracts subtending the
branches of the inflorescence 1 to 3 cm, long, 5 to 15 mm. wide;
bracts subtending the flowers subulate, up to 2 mm. long and 0.25
mm. wide at base, pilose, the tips usually recurved; calyx 12 mm.
long at maturity, rather densely pilose with septate spreading hairs
^->j/..t
iîKi
'.' *
^^1^:^
C
i
Figure 166. Habracaîthus pilosus Leonard (firant ^ Fosberg 9343): a, Tip of plant;
t, node of inflorescence showing the bracts subtending the pedicels; r, portion of rachilla
enlarged to show pubescence; dj calyx; /, a glandular and an acute-tipped trichoma
from calyx segment; /, tip of corolla; g, anther, {a, Natural size; h, 6 times natural
/
natural size; g, 8}^ times natural size.)
mm. long, the segments subulate, 1 mm

ally narrowed into a slender bluntish tip; corollas pale to dark red,
cm
mm
tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1 mm. at 3 mm
mm
mm. loner, 2 mm
'
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBUj IH 447
and entire, not contorted, the lower lip equaling the upper, ovate, 4,5
mm. wide, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, about 3 tnm. long, the middle
one about 2 mm, wide at base, the lateral ones about 1 mm. wide, all
rounded; stamens exserted about 1 cm. beyond the mouth of the
mrolla. p'la,brons. the anthers 4.5 mm. lone and about 1 mm. broad.
minu IT stamens
the stigma minute; capsule clavate, 13 mm. long, about 5 mm. broad,
2 mm. thick, glabrous; retinacula 2 mm. long, slender, straight or
slightly curved, the tips rounded, erose; seeds brown, 3 mm. long,
2 mm. wide, 075 mm. thick, smoothish or slightly roughened, obhque
at base.
in the
temperate forest around San Isidro, 7 km. south of Gachala, Cordillera
Oriental, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,200 meters alti-
tude, May 27, 1944, by Martin L. Grant and F. R, Fosberg (No. 9343).
Earl L. Core's No. 591 (US), collected in dense forest in the vicinity
of Los Andes, on the Rio Blanco, southeast of Guasca, '^9,300 ft."
altitude, April 19, 1944, is also of this species. The corollas of the
holotype were stated to be pale red, and those of Core's No. 591
dark red.
14. Habracanthus killipii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 167
Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, antrorse strig-
lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, subacuta
osis vel glabratis;
vel breviter acuminata, basi angustata, ahquanto membranacea,
Integra vel undulata, supra nitida, glabra vel parce hu-suta, pilis
ascendentibus, cj^stohthis sum lente prominentibus, subtus pilosula,
pilis curvatis,ascendentibus, praecipue in costa et venis positis, venis
et venulis crasse reticulatis, subtus aliquanto prominentibus; paniculae
terminales, magnae, graciles, laxae, pedunculis et ramis panicularum
minute paucis patulis glandulosis intermixtis; pedicelli
strigosis, piUs
graciles minute hirtelli vel strigosi; bracteae infimae foliaceae; brac-
tpae suneriores minutae. subulatae, oarce hirtellae: calvcis segrmenta
minute
cam
superiore lanceolato, apice agnustato, rotundato, labio infcriore sub-
erecto, ovato, apice trilobato, lobis anguste triangularibus, apice
obtusis; stamina exserta, filamentis puniceis, glabris, antheris utrinque
muticis; ovarium glabrum.
Herbs or shrubby plants un to 2 meters
mm
blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 10 cm. long and 3 mm
acuminate
surface
the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, ascending, the cystoliths rather promi-
nent under a lens, about 0.08 mm. long, the lower surface pilosulous,
the hairs confined chiefly to costa and veins (8 to 10 pairs), up to 0.2
mm. long, curved and ascending, the cystoliths prominent under a
lens; petioles up to 2mm. long, puberulous, the hairs appressod or
ascending, up to 0J6 mm. long; flowers borne in loose terminal pan-
Figure 167,— Hahracanihus killipii Ltonsivd {KUlip ^ Smith 19966): a, Tip of plant;
b, calyx and bracts; f, portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence; d^ corolla;
e, tip of lower lip of corolla, {a, Natural size; b, !}{ times natural si2:e; c, 6 times
natural size; dj e^ 1% times natural size.)
icles up cm. long and 10 cm. broad, the branches slender, ascend-
to 30
ing, few-flowered, the lower internodes of the inflorescence finely
strigose or hirtellous, up to 4 cm. long, becoming shorter toward
tip of panicle, the internodes of the ultimate branches about 1 cm.
long and bearing in addition to the appressed hairs a few longer
(0.75 mm.) more spreading ones, the lowermost branches of the
LEONAED —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, lU 449
inflorescence subtended by leaves similar but soraewliat smaller

main stem
mm. long and about 6 mm
about 3 mm. lontr. minuteh
deeply segmented, the segments
mm
tip, minutely hirtellous, the hairs rigid, ascending, up to 0.16 mm. long;
corolla bright red, 2.5 mm. cm. long, 2.5
long, glabrous, the tube 1
mm. wide at base, narrowed at 2 mm. above base to 1.5 mm., thence
expanded to 5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip about 1 cm. long, 4 mm.
wide at base, gradually narrowed to a blunt tip, usually more or less
contorted, the lower lip more or less spreading, 1.5 mm. long, ovate,
8 mm. wide slightly below the middle, thence narrowed to 3 mm. at
tip and terminated by 3 narrowly triangular lobes about 2.5 mm.
long, the middle one 1.5 mm. wide at base, the lateral ones 1 mm.
wide, all obtuse; stamens slightly cxserted beyond the lower lip, the
filaments dabrous and bright red, the anthers 3 mm. long and 0.5
mm
mm
dense woods on the road from Pamplona to Toledo, crossing the
divide between Rfo Teja (Maracaibo drainage) and Eio Mesme
(Orinoco drainage). Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia,
2,800 to 3,000 meters altitude, February 27-28, 1927, by E. P. Killip
and Albert C. Smith (No. 19966). Isotypes: GH, NY.

Killip and Smith
g stream
Department Norte de Santander, 2,200 to 2,400 meters altitude,
of
March 6-7, 1927 (GH, NY, US).
Habracanthus killipii is characterized by its rather thin and rela-
sm
large lax panicles.
15. Habracanthus charien Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 168
Herb
/J. 'J*
lamina foliorum
olato-ovata, subobtusa vel brevitcr acuminata (apice ipso obtuso),
basi angustata, aliquanto firma, integra, supra hirtcUa, pilis curvatis,
ascendentibus, rigidis, subtus pilis rigidis subadprcssis, rectis vel
leviter curvatis praccipue in costa et venis positis, utrinque venis
ahquanto conspicuis, cystolithis obscuris; petioli graciles, hirtcUi;
infimis ramosis, ramis ultimis
mosis, racemis quadrangu-
lares, hirtelli; pcdicelli brevissimi, hirtelli; rami infimi paniculae
ami ultim
parce hirtellis, pilis rigidis, rectis, ascendentibus suffulti; bractcolae

nullae; calycis segment a 5, lineari-lanceolata, apice subacuta, dorso
hirtella, pilis ascendentibus, rigidis, fere reetis (pilis paucis glandulosis),
intus glabra; corolla rosea, lobis extus pilosis, alibi glabra, tubo sub-
cylindrico, lobis ellipticis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, glabra;
styli glabri; stigma subcapitatum, obscure bilobatum; ovarium
glabrum.
V
'l
v^
I
h1~
Figure \e%.—Habracanthus chaiien Leonard {Grant 9439): a. Tip of plant to show upper
portion of inflorescence; b, portion of undcrsurface of leaf blade
to show pubescence
and cystoliths; c, portion of rachis enlarged to show pubescence; d, node
of inflorescence
to show bracts; e, calyx;
/, portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence;
g, anther; h, style, {a, Natural size; b, 10 times natural size; c, 25
times natural size;
dy k, 5 times natural size; e, 3 times natural size;
/, 37 times natural size; about
g,
Herb up to 60 cm. hieh; stems

quadrangular, puberulous, the hairs upwardly ascending, curved,
mm
stems up to 9.5 cm. long; leaf blades lance-ovate, up to 3 cm
and 1 cm. wide, subobtuse to acuminate a blunt tip,
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, III 451
narrowed at base, rather firm, entire, the upper surface hirtellous,
the hairs mostly curved, ascending, rigid, up to 0.3 mm. long, the
hairs of the lower surface confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins,
rigid, subappressed, straight or slightly curved, up to 0.4 mm. long,
the venation of both leaf surfaces moderately conspicuous, the
cystoliths obscure; petioles slender, up to 5 mm. long, hirtellous;

nnn^ploc slpiiflfir. uD to 30 cm. louff and 5 cm. broad, the lowermost
branches paniculate. racemose the flowers in
raceme few (usually 2 to 5 or 6), or the tlowers m

the panicle solitary; peduncles slender, up to 3 cm. long, quad-
igular, 0.25 mm. in diameter, hirtellous, the hairs similar to those
the stems; pedicels short, not more than 1.5 mm. long and 0.3 mm
diameter, hirtellous, the medial and lowermost branches of th<
blended
ppermost branches subtended by bract
mm. lone and 0.5 mm
mm
bracts subtending the flowers similar but somewhat smaller; bractlets
none; calyx deeply segmented, the segments 5, linear-lanceolate,
mm. near the base, subacute at the tip, mod-

8.5 mm. long, 1 wide
erately hirtellous dorsally, and ciliate, the hairs ascending, rigid,
mm
the inner surface of segments glabrous; corolla rose, 11-15 mm.
long, glabrous except the lobes, these pilose dorsally, the hairs
mostly spreading, up to 0.5 mm. long, white, the tube subcylindric,
1,5 mm. in diameter, the lobes elliptic, 7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
rounded or obtuse, the posterior lobe subcucullate; stamens barely
excerted, 7 mm. long, glabrous, the anthers 2.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
stigma subcapitate, incon-
broad; style 4 mm. long, glabrous, the
spicuously bilobed; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Type in the U. S.
temperate forest, Cerro Negro, Hato Grande, on ridgeêast of
"*
Rio Muchindote, 15 km. east of Gacheta, Department '
meters altitude, June 13, 194' Martin

marca, Colombia, 2,735
L. Grant (No. 9439). Isotype: US.
Greek meaning slender and
The specific epithet is from the x<^p'<'^v,
Compared with other Colombian species, Ilabracanthus

graceful.
rose corollas with narrow tube, small
charien is unique in its small
upper lip relatively broad and not
throat, subequal lips (the
contorted) stamens. The species
mi
16. Habracanthus sir.ithii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 1G9

HerLa, caulibus subtcretibus, glabris, cystolithis pluribus, mlimtis,
parallelis, couspicuis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblonfro-ovata
acuminata, plus minusve curvata. basi

petiolum
utrinque glabra vcl in costa et venis lateralibus parce liirsuta, cj^sto-
lithis pluribus et conspicuis; pctioli glabri, cystolithis conspicuis;
panlculae magnae, terminales, pyramidatae vel anguste ovoidcac,
ramis pluribus, floribus erectis, pedicellis gracilibus, rhachibus ot
pediccllis dense pilosis, pilis patulis, albidis, apice glandulis elongatis
tcrminatis; bracteae parvae, anguste triangulares, acutae, glanduloso-
pilosae; calycis segmenta lincari-lanccolata, acuta, graciliter
5-nervata, intus glabra, extus glanduloso-pilosa; corolla rubra, gland-
valde ventricosa, apice curvata, labio supcriore plus
uloso-pilosa,
minusve erecto, oblongo-obovato, apice rotundato, labio inferiore
leviter patulo, 3-lobato, lobis ovatis,
rotundatis; stamina cxscrta
basi tubi corollae inserta, glabra, antheris oblongis, Icvitcr
curvatis;
capsulae clavatae, glabrae; semina 4, brunnea, ovoidea, basi
obliqua,'
plana, muricata.
Herbs up to 3 meters high or more; stems sub terete, glabrous,
the cystoliths minute and parallel, 0.03 to O.IG mm. long,
conspicuous
and numerous toward tips of stems; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate,
up to 23 cm. long and 11 cm. wide, slenderly and somewhat abruptly
acuminate, the tip more or less curved, decurrent on the petiole from
a
rounded base, moderately firm, entire or shallowly undulate, botli
surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (about
12 pairs)
sparingly hirsute, the cystoliths rather numerous and prominent,
0.48
to 0.96 mm. long; petioles (including winged portion)
up to 12 cm.
long, the wing up to 3 cm. broad at its widest part at base of leaf blade,
numerous parallel cystoliths; panicle terminal, py-
ramidal or rather narrowly ovoid, 20 to 46 cm. long and
4 to 11 cm.
broad, the flowers rather numerous, erect or subercct
on slender
pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm. long, tlic lowermost branches
of the panicle
subtended by narrow leaves, the inflorescence branches dichotomously
or cincinnally branched, forming lax subhclicoid
cymes, the entire
mfloresccnce densely pilose with whitish spreading hairs
up to 1 mm.
long, terminated by elongated glands; bracts
narrowly triangular, 2
mm. lone:, about 0.5 mm
calyx 10 to 15 mm. long, deeply segmented, the
sl„
e,mcnt „._
lanceolate, 0.75 to mm., wide, acute, densely gTandular-pilose
1.5
without, glabrous within, delicately 5-nervcd corollas
red, 18 to 20
;
mm
broad at base, enlarged to 3 mm. at 3 mm. above base, thoncc abruptly
LEONARD— THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ III 453
enlarged to 10 mm. at middle and again narrowed to 6 or 7 mm* at

moutli, strongly ventricose; curvêd at tip, the upper lip oblong-obovate,
more or less erect, 7 mm, long, 2 mm. wide at base, 3.5 mm, wide above
middle, rounded and entire at tip, the lower lip slightly spreading, 5
mm. long, 10 mm. wide, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 2 mm. long, 3.75
mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted 4 to 15 mm, beyond the mouth
Figure 169.— Hahr acanthus smilhti Leonard {Killip ^ Smith 19257): a, Section (about
middle) of inflorescence; by basal portion of leaf blade; c, tip of leaf blade; d, portion
of leaf blade (upper surface) enlarged to show cystoliths; e, bracts;/, corolla; g, portion
of pedicel enlarged to show trichomes. {a-c, Half natural size; d, 4 times natural size;
e, 7 times natural size;/, natural size; g, about 30 times natural size.)
mm
mm
stamens, glabrous, the stigma minute, obtuse; capsules clavate,
glabrous, 16 mm. long, the seed-bearing portion 4 mm. wide and about
3 mm, thick, the solid stipe 6 mm. long and 3 mm, wide; seed 4, brown,
ovoid, oblique at base, 3 mm. longj 2 mm. broad, 0.75 mm. thi
muricate.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1354534. collected
Mount
partment
February 11, 1927, by E. P. Killip and A. C, Smith (No. 19257).
Isotypes: GH, NY.
Araque-M, and Barkley*s No. 18S.341, collected in dense humid
forests east of Bucaramanga, Department of Santander^ Colombia,
about 2,000 meters altitude, December 18, 1948, is also of this species.
Hahracanthus smithii can be readily recognized by its large, densely
glandular-pilose panicles of red flowers with conspicuously ventricose
corollas.
17, Habracanthus xanthothrix Leonard, sp. nov. Figure IGOa

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum bifariam pubcscenti-
bus, pilis flavidus, retrorse curvatis, conspicue articulatis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuminata (apice ipso subobtuso), basi
angustata, aliquanto firma, Integra, supra hu^suta, pilis flavidis cur-
vatis, articulatis, subtus dense hirsuta, pilis curvatis, flavidis, arti-
culatis, utrinque pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, costa ct venis
prominentibuSj venulis crasse reticulatis; petioli in canalibus hirsuti,
subtus glabri; paniculae tcrminales, grandes, laxae, foliaceae, ramulis
dense et bifariam pilosis, pilis patulis vel retrorsis, articulatis; bracteae
ramulos subtendcntes subulatae, parvae, parce ciliatae, minute hir-
sutae; pedicelli hirsuti, pihs retrorsis vel patulis articulatis; calycis
segmenta oblonga, acuta, hirsuta, piHs flavis, articulatis, pilis acutis et
pilis eglandulosis intermixtis; corolla flava, parce pubescens, tubo
infundibuliformi, leviter sacciformi, labio superiore anguste lineari,
acuto, labio inferiore triangulari-ovato, apice 34obato, lobis brevibus;
stamina exserta, antheris lineari-oblongis, minute apiculatis.
Herbs up to 1 m. high or more, 4 mm. in diameter at about the
middle, subquadrangular, gh or bifariously pubescent at tip,
the hairs jêllowish, retrorsel\ mm
cm
acuminate
moderatelv firm
mm. lone:, the lower surface
similar confined
mos
prominent and rather coarsely
reticulate; petioles 2.5 cm, long, the channels hirsute with hah-s
similar to those of the leaf blades, the lower rounded portion glabrous;
flowers borne in large open leafy terminal panicles, the branches
densely and bifariously pilose with yellowish jointed spreading retrorse
hairs up mm. long, the bracts subtending the ultimate branches

to 1
subulate, 5 mm. or less long, acuminate, 1 mm. broad at base, ciliate,
sparingly and minutely hirsute with liairs up to 0.5 mm. long; pedicels
5 mm. long, about 0.75 mm. thick, these and the cal>^ moderately
hirsute with yellowish spreading or retrorse jointed hau-s up to 0.5
mm. long, some of these gland-tipped calyx 8 mm. long,

; the segments
oblong, about 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute; corolla 2 cm. long,
yellow, sparingly pubescent the hairs more or less spreading, about

0.16 mm. long, the base of the corolla tube 2 mm. broad, 2.75 mm.
broad at 2 mm. above base, then narrowed to 2.5 mm., thence en-
I69si.—Habracantkus xantkothrix Leonard (Kfiie 4671): a, Leaf and node of stem;

FiGURE
calyx; d, portion of calyx enlarged to show hairs, (a, Half
b, tip of inflorescence; c,
natural size; b, natural size; c, !){ times natural size; d, SO times natural size.)
larged to 6 mm. at mouth, the throat moderately saccate, the upper

lipnarrowly linear, 8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide at base, acute, the
lower lip triangular-ovate, 8 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip,
the lobes about 0.25 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad; stamens exserted
5 mm. bejônd the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers linear-oblong,
2.5 mm. long and broad, minutely apiculate at base; ovary
1 mm.
glabrous; disk 1 mm. high; capsules not seen.
Type in the Herbarium of the Botanical Museum of the University
of Copenhagen, collected at Nunez, Department of Cundinamarca,
456 COXTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARITM
meters altitude, Juno 11, 1952, by M. K0ie (N

4671).
The specific epithet is from the Greek âvOos, yellow, and 6pi^,
hair,
18. Habracanthus xantholeucus Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 170

Suffrutex, caulibus subteretibus, glabris vel sursum minute puberu-
lis, pilis appressis lamina fohorum oblongo-ovata vel
; oblongo-elliptica,
apice brcvitcr acuminata, ahquando curvata, basi cuncata, aUquanto
undulata
berula
praecipue positis; petioli subtus glabri, in canale puberuli, pilis sub-
appressis paniculac foliiferae, laxac, ramis 1- vel 2-furcatis, rhachc et
;
rhachillis aliquanto dense hirtellis, pilis subbrunneisvel leviter curvatis,

pedicellis erectis vel ascendentibus, dense hirtellis, pilis acutis et
pilisglandulosis intermixtis; paniculae inferiores axillares reductae,
parvae, forsan steriles, apctalae, calycibus reductis, parvis; bracteae
-imae mbulatae, acutae (apice ipso subobtuso), sparse et minute
hirtellae
tibus
ulosis^ intermixtis; corolla citrina, tube subcylindrico, glabro, labio
siiperiorc angnste lineari, apiccm versus externe minute hirtella,
apice obtuso, labia inferiore patulo, conduplicato, ovato, apice
tundatis; stamina
arium
meters Lieh; stems
mmu hairs appressed, up to mm
cm
cm. wide, short-acuminate, the sometimes tin
at base, rather thin, entire or shallowly and obscurely undulate, both
minutely and sparingly pub
mm
veins (14 to 16 pairs), those, including the coarsely reticulated vein-
lets, rather conspicuous beneath, less so above, the cystohths
few and
cm. Ions: and 1.5 mm
surface glabrous, the channel pubcrulous with subappressed hairs
mm. long; panicles lealy, lax, up to about 10 cm
cm
in the fork, the lowermost axillary panicles small, reduced, perhaps
sterile, the calyces small, the rachis and rachilla rather densely
hirtel-
lous with light brownish spreading or slightly recurved hairs up to
mm long, the pedicels up to 5 mm. long, erect or ascending.
«'
mm
ultimate
mm
slender bluntish tip, sparingl} minutely hirtellous; calyx 9 mm

^ small ones of the sterile lowermost panicles only 2 or d mm.
long),' hirtellous with rigid acute spreading or ascending hairs about
0.16 mm. long intermixed with slightly longer gland-tipped ones, the
calyx segments 1 to 1.5 mm. wide at base, thence gradually narrowed

to a slender bluntish tip; corolla lemon-yellow, the lower portion
dabrous. the unner parts sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the length
Figure 170. (Grant

of leaf blade; h, upper lialf of same; c, panicle; i, node of stem showing small sterile
/
{a, b, Half natural size; c, d, g, natural size; e, lYz times natural size;/, 24 times natural
size.)
cm
mm. loner, 2.5 mm. broad at base, 3 mm. at mou
mm, lone:, 1 mm
mm
mm. lone: and 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens
mm. beyond the mouth
388179—57 10
mm. long and barely 1 mm. broad: ovary dabrous

not seen.
U. S. National
temperate forest at San Isidro, 8 km. south of Gachala, Cordillera
Oriental, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,450 meters
altitude, May 26, 1954, by Martin L. Grant and F. R. Fosberg
(No. 9326). IsotyperUS.
Habracanthus xantholeucus is well marked among other Colombian
species of the genus by the remarkably long, straight upper lip of the
cmon from
âvdoXevKos, meaning pale yellow, in allusion to the color of the corolla.
19. Habracanthus ampelinus Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 171
Suffrutex, allquando subscandentes, caulibus subquadrangularibus,
glabris vel bifariam minute strigosis; lamina foliorura oblongo-clliptica,
gracihter acuminata, basi cuneata, aliquanto firma, Integra vel un-
dulata, utrinque hirtellis pilis rigidis, subappressis vel ascendentibus,
mmusve
glabri, in canalibus minute strigosis; panic gac et ma
terminales, bracteis infimis foliaceis, bracteis ultim ,
hirtellis,rhache et rhachillis dense hirtellis, pilis rigidis, patulis;

pedicelli dense hu-telli, pilis acutis et pilis longioribus glandulosis
intermixtis; calycis segmenta lanceolata, parce vel aliquanto dense
hirtolla, pilis patulis, rigidis, acutis et pilis glandulosis intermixtis;
corolla plus minusve pilosa,
aurantiaco-coccinea, tubo anguste in-
fundibuiiformi, labio superiore erccto, anguste lineari, apice acuto,
labio inferiore ovato, conduplicato, apice 3-lobato, lobis oblongo-ovatis,
obtusis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris muticis; ovarium glabrum.
A
shrub 2 meters high or sometimes becoming subscandent and
reaching 3 meters or more in length; stems subquadrangular, glabrous
or bifariously and minutely strigose, the hairs up to 0.28 mm. lonj?:
cm
acuminate, cuneate at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate,
hirtellous, the hairs rigid, subappressed or ascending, up to
0.2 mm. long, confined mostly to costa and lateral veins (about
10 pairs), the venation rather prominent; cystoliths minute, up to
0.32 mm. long, some of them punctiform; petioles rather slender,
up to 10 cm. long and 1.25 mm. thick, glabrous beneath, the channels
minutely strigose; panicles terminal and axillary forming large
complex inflorescences up to 30 cm. long and 23 cm. broad, leafy,
the ultimate bracts linear, up to 0.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide,
sparingly hirtellous, the hairs more or less spreading, about 0.08
mm. long; rachis and rachilla hirtellous, the hairs spreading, about
0.08 mm. lonj::; pedicels up to 1.5 cm. lonf?. hirtellous- f.nlw fi tn s
eading
mm moderately hirtellous, the haii-s
; mm. Ions:, septate, the glandular
scattered, up to 0.5 mm. long, the calyx segments up to 7 mm

mm
pilose more or less spreading, ca. 3 mm
3-red, paler distally, the tube 2.5 mm. broad at base, gradually
ed to 8 mm. at throat, the upper lip erect, narrowly linear,
ampelinus Leonard {Grant 9647): Tip of panicle; h, portion

Figure 17\.—Habr acanthus a,
of Inflorescence about 15 cm. below tip; c, leaf; d, portion of leaf blade (upper surface)
enlarged to show pubescence; ^, ultimate bracts; /, calyx; g, portion of calyx segment
enlarged to show pubescence, {a, h. Natural size; c, half natural size; d, 8 times natural
size; e, 3^ times natural size;/, 5 times natural size; g, about 40 times natural size.)
mm. loner, 1 mm
ovate, conduphcate, 11 mm. long, 12 mm. wide at bas
lobes oblong-ovate, about 4 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide;

stamens exserted 2 cm. beyond the mouth of the corolla
f,hp, anthers 4.5 mm., loner. 1.5 mm. broad, muticous
tamens stiarma fc>
very minute; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen. ,,
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No". 2045430, collected
temperate forest at Salitre, Taguat6 Valley, 6 km., west of Gutier

and 45 km. Bogota, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia

soutli of
2,715 meters altitude, July 23, 1944, by Martin L. Grant (No. 9647)
U
N
a steep, densely wooded slope, wlierc it was occasional, at Rio del
Nevado, east end of the Cordillera Las Cruces, south of Rio Arroz
across from El Capitolis, in the Sumapaz region, Tnteiidencia
of
Meta
ttained
by this species.
20. Habracanthus caucensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 172

Suffrutex gracilis, fere procumbcns, inflorcsccutiis creciis, caulibus
subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum parce pubcrulis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-elliptica, brcviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso),
basi angustata et cuneata, aliquanto firma, Integra vel undulata
remote lateralibus
conspicuis positis, vcnulis crasso rcticulatis, cystolithis sub lente
b terminales et
axillares, ramis furcatis, gracilibus, rhache et rhachillis
parce hirtellis;
bracteae ramos panicularum subtendentes ovatae, scssilcs, apiculatae;
pedicelli graciles, cystolithis minutis praediti; bracteae flores sub-
tendentes linearcs, apice acutae, glabrae vel parce et minute hirtellae;
calycis segmenta lineari-lanccolata, apice subacuta, trinervata,
glabra
vel pilis glanduUferis plus minusve numcrosis pracdita; corolla
ru-
bescens, glabra, anguste infundibuliformis, labio superiore lineari,
apice rotundato, graciliter trinervato, labio inferiore patulo,
ovato,
apice trilobate, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta, antheris
linearibus;^ capsulae clavatao, glabrae; retinacula subacuta,
apice
erosa; semina plana, suborbicularia, muricata, basi obliqua.
Slender shrubby plants meters long, usually procumbent
1 to 2
with erect hiflorescences; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or the
upper portions very sparingly puberulous; leaf blades oblong -elliptic,
up to 15.5 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself
blunt), narrowed and cuneate at base, moderately firm,
entire or
undulate, remotely strigillose, the hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, those
of the under surface confined cliiefly to costa and lateral veins
(about
10 pairs), these and the coarsely reticulated veinlets moderately
conspicuous, the cystoUths numerous and rather conspicuous under
a
lens; petioles up to 3 cm. long and 1 mm. thick, sparingly
puberulous;
cm
cm
continuous, the branches of the panicle dicliotomously forked, often
more
or less spreading, up to 0.3 mm. long; bracts subtending the branches

of the panicle ovate, sessile, cm. long and about 8 mm. wide, apic-
1
ulatc or the lowermost pair much larger, up to 4 cm. long and 1.5 cm.
wide, short-acuminate; bracts subtending the flowers linear, about
3 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, acute at tip, glabrous or minutely
hirtellous; pedicels slender, up to 4 mm. long, 0,25 to 0.5 mm. thick,
Figure \72,—Habracanihus caucensis Leonard {a, Fosberg 19941; b-hj Cualrecasas 23468):
a. Leaf; b, lowermost node of inflorescence; c, tip of Infloresrence; d, a pair of bracts
subtending lateral branches near base of panicle; e, portion of rachis from upper part
of panicle enlarged to show pubescence;/, calyx segment; g, trichome from calyx; A,
corolla, {a. Half natural size; h, c, natural size; d, l?i times natural size; e, about 20
times natural size;/, 4 times natural size; g, 150 times natural size; A, V/z times natural
size,)
glabrous with scattered minute cystoliths; calyx segments linear-

lanceolate, 6 to 7 mm. long and 1 mm, wide (the tip acute and blunt-
ish), 3-nerved, glabrous or bearing a few more or less spreading glan-
dular trichomes up to 0,5 mm. long; corolla wine-red, glabrous, the
tube about 1 cm. long, 3 mm. broad near base, narrowed at 4 mm.
above base to 2 mm,, thence enlarged to 3 mm. at mouth, the upper
462 CONTRIBUlÎONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
lip erect, linear, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide near base, somewhat narrowed
toward the rounded tip, delicately 3-nerved, the lower lip spreading,
ovate, about 8 mm. long and 7 mm, wide, terminated by 3 rounded
lobes about 0.5 mm, long; stamens glabrous, exserted about 2 cm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the anthers linear, 2.5 mm.
long, 0.75 mm. thick; pistil not seen; capsules clavate, 13 mm, long,
4 mm. wide, 2 mm. thick, glabrous; retinacula 2.5 mm, long, subacute
and erose; seed flattened, suborbicular, about 2 mm. long and broad,
muricatc or pebbled, oblique at base.
Type In the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950035, collected in
woods at Aguabonita, valley of the Rfo San Jos6, MoscopAn Region,
Cordillera Central, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 2,280 meters
altitude, January 30, 1947, by J. Cuatrecasas (No, 23468),
Also of this species is Fosberg's No, 19941 (US), collected in thick
brushy ground-cover under trees in mossy, ridge-type, wet forests
with deep humus, at the head of Rio Villalobos, southwest of Pitalito,
on the boundary between the Departments of Huila and Cauca,
Colombia, 2,300 meters altitude, February 6, 1943.
21. Habracanthus antipharmacus Leonard, sp, nov. Figure 173
Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vcl parce pilosis,
pilis apprcssis, inconspicuis, lamina foliorum
cystolithis parallelis;
oblongo-ovata vel oblonga-elliptica, subacuta vel breviter acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi scnsim angustata in petiolum decurrens,
membranacea, Integra vel undulata, supra parce hirsuta, pilis curvatis,
ascendentibus, albidus, septatis, subtus glabra, costa et venis lateral-
ibus prominentibus, cystolithis raris, magnis; petioli glabri vel in canal-
ibus hirtclli, pilis subappressis vel ascendentibus, cystolithis parallelis,
magnis, conspicuis; paniculae terminal es, anguste ovoideae, aliquanto
laxae, ramis gracilibus, furcatis, leviter recurvatis, rhachibus dense
pilosis, pilis rectis, patulis, acutis, vitreis, pilis longioribus glandulosis
intermixtis ;
pedicelli erccti ; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta,
puberula et pilosa, pilis brevioribus rigidus, vitreis, acutis vel obtusis,
pilis longioribus aliquanto raris, glandulosis, elongatis intermixtis;
corolla glabra, coccinea, apice aurea, tubo basi angusto, abrupte
dilatato, valide ventricoso, in fauce leviter angustato, labio superiore
anguste obovato, erecto, plus minusve rccurvato, obtuso, labio in-
f eriorc brevi, trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus stamina exserta, ;
glabra, antheris linearibus, curvatis; capsulae clavatae, subtiliter

pubescentcs, pilis gracilibus, ascendentibus, curvatis ; retinacula
angusta, basi dilatata, apice subobtusa; semina subnigra, plana,
suborbicularia apice tuberculata-
Subshrubs up to 130 cm, high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous
or inconspicuously and sparingly appressed-pilose, the hairs up to
—
0-48 mm the cA^stoIitlis parallel, up mm long; leaf

cm. lone: and 7 cm.
wide, subacute or sliort-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), gradually
narrowed to an acute base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire
or undulate, the upper surface sparingly hirsute, the hairs curved,
ascending, up to 0.32 mm. long, whitish, septate, the lower surface
Figure Habracanthus aniipkarmacus Leonard {Grant 10731): a. Basal portion of

173.
leaf blade; b, tip of same; r, portion of the under surface of a leaf blade enlarged to
show cystoliths; d, section of inflorescence (about middle); e^ calyx (flowering stage),
pedicel and bracts; /, pubescence of rachis; g, a large gland-tipped trichome from
calyx; A, one of the glandular hairs from calyx; ij corolla; ;, capsule valve; k^ portion
of capsule enlarged to show pubescence, {a, b^ tf, Half natural size; c, about 17 times
natural size; e, t, m times natural size;/, about 28 times natural size; g, A, about 45
times natural size; j, twice natural size; k^ about 38 times natural size.)
glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs), prominent

beneath, less so above, the cystoliths scattered but large and nearly
straight, up to 0.27 mm. long; petioles (unwinged portion) up to
6 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. thick,
glabrous or the channels hirtellous,
the hairs ascending or subappressed, the cystoliths large, conspicuous
and parallel; panicles narrowly ovoid, rather lax, up to 30 cm, long
and cm. broad, broadest below middle and gradually narrowed

11
to tip, the peduncle about 6 cm. long, hirtellous, the lowermost
intcrnode of the inflorescence 2 cm. long, the others successively
smaller towards tip, the branches slightly curved, usually (except
the uppermost) forked, these and the main rachis densely pilose
with straight spreading acute glass}^ hairs 0,16 mm. long, these inter-
mixed with longer glandular ones up to 0.G4 mm. long, the flowers
usually 8 or fewer to a brancJi, erect, the pedicels up to 3 mm. long, the
pubescence that of the branches; calyx 4 to 7 mm, long, becoming
10 to 12 mm. long at maturity, deeply segmented, the segments
lanceolate, in flower 4 to 6 mm. long, in fruit 11 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide near base, thence gradually narrowed to a slender tip, puberulous
and pjlose, the hairs spreading, the small ones ca. 0.07 mm. long,
numerous, rigid, glassy and blunt tipped or acute, the large ones
up to 0.73 mm. long, rather scattered, blackish, gland-tipped; corolla
1.5 to 2 cm. long, glabrous, scarlet with yellow tip, 2 to 2.5 mm,
broad at base, abruptly enlarged at 3 mm. above base to 7 mm,,
thence narrowed to 4 mm. at throat, the upper lip narrowly obovate,
erect,more or less recurved, 3 to 4 mm. long, about 1.25 mm, wide,
obtuse and entire at tip, the lower lip broadly ovate, about 3 mm.
long and 5 mm. wide, the lobes suborbicular, about 2 mm. long and
2.5 mm. wide; stamens exsertcd 10 to 15 mm. be3ônd the lips of the
corofla, glabrous, the anthers linear, 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad,
shghtly curved; capsule clavate, 12 to 13 mm. long, 4 mm. broad,
3 mm. thick, the solid basal stipe about 3 mm. long, finely pubescent,
the hairs slender, curved and ascending; retinacula 3 mm. long, slender
froin. an enlarged base, tlie tip subobtuse; seeds 4, fiat, blackish,
suborbicular, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, the tip tuberculatc.
Type Herbarium No. 2045439, collected in
subtropical forest on the Sierra Perija, 6 km. east-northeast of
Manaure, 42 km. east of VaUedupar and 7 km. from the Venezuelan
border, Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 1,735 meters altitude,
February 1, 1945, by Martin L. Grant (No. 10731). Isotype: US.
Oscar Haught's No. 4510 (US), collected in 'Âfrica,^^ Sierra Perija,
Department of Magdalena, Colombia, about 1,500 meters altitude,
December 16, 1944, is also of this species. Haught states in his label
data that his plant was an erect herb up to 1.5 meters high, the flowers
very showy, either all red, or red tipped more or less with bright
yellow (in some plants more than half the corofla yeflow), and that
the species was very abundant locally, growing along streams and on
moist slopes.
Habracanthus antipharmacus with its bicolored corollas suggests
at once Lindau's //. diversicolor. The two species are closely related
but if carefully compared show certain differences. In TI. diversicolor
the leaf blades are rounded above the winged petiole instead of being
gradually narrowed into the petiole wing, and the inflorescence is
denser with the shorter ascending rigid branches, the branches of the
forks widely spreading. In H. antipharmacus the branches are slender,
spreading, recurved, and the branches of the forks are only slightly
and longer and more

remedy
thus suggesting the specific epithet, avn-, against, and <f)apîaKov, venom.
22. Habracanthus macrochilus Lindau

Habracanthus macrochilus Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 6G9. 1897. Type col-
lected in the Province of Ocafia, Department of Norte de Santander, Colom-

bia, in woods at 2,700 meters altitude by Schlim (No. 429). Photograph of
type material of the Berlin Herbarium (Field Mus. No. 8890) in the U. S.
National Herbarium.
Shrubby plants with terete pubescent branches; leaf blades oblong,
pubescent, 4 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide or smaller, the tip promi-

base, the cystoliths striiform; petioles
nently acuminate, attenuate at
slender, 5 to 7 mm. long; panicles subdichotomous, terminal, longer
than the leaves or axillary and shorter than the leaves and terminating
panicles lax and few-flowered, the
the lateral branches, the lateral
terminal dense; calyx segments 12 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, unequal,
becoming 18 to 19 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide at maturity, glandular-
pubescent; corolla purple,^ the tube 14 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base,
and 3 mm. wide at tip, the upper lip 28 mm. long and 4 mm. wide at
mm. long, 10 mm
middle, 4 mm thn teeth 1.5 mm
filaments 35 mm
and long-exsertcd anthers 3.5 mm.
;
long; style 50 mm. long, exserted;
capsule 14 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, glabrous, the solid stipe 5 mm.
long; seeds 4.
The snecific epithet is from the Greek words jua/cpos, long, and x«ôs,
lip.
from
known in the large lips of the corolla, and the long calyx
others
men
Figuhb 174
23. Habracanthus oresbius Leonard, sp. nov.
caulibus
Frutex, subquadrangularibus, apice aliquanto dense
puberuiis, pilis subbrunneis, appressis, septatis, sum
hirteUis, pilis subbrunneis, appressis, septatis, deorsum glabratis;
lamina foliorum oblongo-cUiptica, acuminata (apice ipso subacuto),

Integra vcl undulata, utrinque puberula,
basi cuneata, aliquanto firma,
desciiption, but the oiigiriul label of Schllm says "rouse foucSe," 1. e., dark rod.
» According to Iîndau's
subappressis, septatis, subbrunneis, subtus praecipue in

pilis rigidis,
costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus positis, cystolithis pluribus,

sub Icnte conspicuis; petioli dense hirsuti, pUia brunneis; paniculae
ramis panicularum
acuminatis
rhaclnllis dense brunneo-hirtoUis, pilis patulis vcl asceiidentibus,
pediccllis hirtellis, pilis conspicue septatis; bracteae florcs
patulis,
subtendcntes lanceolatae, acutae, parce ciliolatae et hirtellae, cysto-
scgmcnta
ascendcntibus; corolla rubra, glabra, tube
infundibuliform
trilobate
stamina
ma minutum
vel leviter curvatis, apice anguste cucullatis, rotundatis, erosis;
scmina plana, brunnea, levia vel basi leviter muricata, aliquanto
obliqua.
stems
mm
portions of the stem glabrate; loaf blades oblong-elliptic,
up to 19
cm. long and 7 cm. wide, acuminate
to a cuncate base, rather firm
mm
confined
prominent
numerous and conspicuous under a lens, up to 0,2 mm
cm. loner, 1.5 ram
pyramidal-ovoid terminal
cm. lone: and 6 cm
inflorescence subtended by leaflike
cordate sessile ovate acute or
acminate bracts, the lowermost about 2 cm. long and 1.5
cm. wide,
the rachis and rachiUa densely brown-hirtcUous, the
hairs spreading
mm
with conspicuously septate spreading hairs up to 0.65
mm
mm. loner and 1 mm
wide, acute at tip, sparingly cUiolate and hirtellous,
the cystoliths
conspicuous; calyx segments lanceolate, up to 13 mm.
long, 1.25 mm.
wide near base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip, rather
sparingly
mm. long, some of them
glandular; corolla red, glabrous, the tube 13 mm. long, 2.5 mm
mm. above base to 1.5 ram
thence gradually mm. at mou
rara. long:. 1.5 mm
material coiled and contorted, lower spreading, ovate, 6.5
lip mm"
LEONARD —THE ACANTIIACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 467
wide, rounded at tip, terminated these 0.5 mm

long, the middle one 1.5 mm. wide, the latera
stamens exserted 18 mm. beyond mouth

to
mm. long and 0.5 mm. thick; style
cm. beyond the mou
stiirma minute; capsule clavate, 15 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 2 mm
mm
d h
panicle; c, portion
Figure m—Hahr acanthus oresbius Leonard {Pennell 7556): a. Leaf; b,
a hair from rachis; e, calyx segment (outer

of rachis enlarged to show pubescence; d,
showing cystoliths and marginal hairs (inner
surface);/, upper half of calyx segment
calyx segment; h, corolla; seed, {a. Half natural
surface); g, one of the hairs of the
i,
/,
natural size; h, about 1^2 times natural size; t, about 4 times natural size.)
rounded and erose; seeds flattish, brown,

narrowly cucullate, the tip
orbicular, 3 mm. wide and broad, 1.25 mm. thick, smooth or slightly
muricate. somewhat oblique at base.

Herbarium
Antonio, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 2,400 to 2,700 meters
fllt.itii^*. June 30. 1922. bv Francis W. Pennell (No. 7556). Isotypes:
NY, US.
Also of this species

Pennell and Killip's No. 7436 (GH), collected
is
in a bushy forest in the same locaUty as the type on

June 28, 1922.
The specific epithet is from the Greek word opka^tos, living on
mountains.
24. Habracanthus corei Leonard, sp. nov. Figuhe 175
SufTrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris, cystohthis nu-
merosis minutis brunneis praeditis; lamina foliorum late elliptica
vel
ovata, apice graciliter scd breviter acuminata, basi
rotundata in
petiolum decurrens, tenuis, intcgra, in pagina superiore aliquanto
pilosa, subtus pilis patulis vol ascendcntibus praecipuo in costa et
venis aliquanto promincntibus positis, venulis crassc reticulatis,
cystolithis obscuris, brunneis; petioli glabrl, cystolithis
minutis ob-
scuris praeditis; paniculae longae, aliquanto angustae,
sursum dcnsae
et conflucntes, inferiores distantes, ramis infimis foUis
parvis suffultis,
rhaclic et rhachillis dense hirtelhs, piHs plus minusve patulis;
pedicelli
hirteUi; bracteac flores subtcndcntes lanceolatae, subacutae,
ciliolatae,
aliquanto hirtellae; calycis segmenta lanccolata, subacuta,
ciliolata,
parce et mmute hirtella, pilis asccndeiitibus, apice pilis paucis
glan-
dulosis praedita; corolla glabra, anguste infundibuliformis,
labio supe-
riore lincari, obscure trinervato, apice rotundata,
torto, labio inferiore
patulo, ovato, apice 3-lobato, lobis brcvibus, rotundatis;
stamina
um glabrum
mm
subquandrangular, glabrous, the cystoliths minute
brownish, parallel; leaf blades broadly elliptical or o
14
cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide, slenderly short-acuminate
(5 mm. lone) from a rounded hsisA t.ln'n (MifiV/i onnr-iVrri
sparingly pilosulous beneath, tlie hah-s confined chiefly
to costa ai_
d
lateral veins (about 10 pairs), spreading or ascending,
up to 0.48 mm.
long, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, these and
the costa and lateral
veins rather prominent especially beneath, the
cystoliths obscure.
mm
cystoliths minute and obscure; flo^\'ers ascending, borne in a narrow
cm. long or more and 4 cm
lower branches distant, subtended by small ovate short-petioled (5
mm. long) leaves up to 5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, but in other re-
spects similar to the main stem leaves; bracts subtending the flowers
8 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, the tips subacute, ciliolatc and moder-
mm
morf
mm. long; pedicels up to 1 mm
olate, 5.5 mm. lone:, 1.25 mm.
mmutely hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. lo
ear tip a few gland-tipped sprcadins: trichomes
46 mm, long; corolla glabrous, the tube 18 mm. long, 3 mm. broad
above base, narrowed at 8 mm. above base to 2 mm., 5 mm. broad
at throat, the upper lip erect, Hnear, mm. lonsf, 2.25 mm
rounded and entu-e at tip, obscurely
when dry, the lower lip spreading, ovate, mm
lobes 1 mm. loner, the middle one 1.5 mm. wid
Leonard {Core 1200): a, Leaf; b, the lowermost node

Figure 175.— Habracanthus corei
Inflorescence; node of inflorescence to show uppermost
of Inflorescence; c, tip of d,
node of rachis to show bracts;/, calyx segment; g, trichome from tip of calyx
bracts; e,
anther, (a, Half natural size; b, c, natural size; d, twice natural

segment; A, corolla; {,
5 times natural size; 40 times natural size; h, about

size; e, 2/2 times natural size;/, i, g,
m times natural size.)
ones about 1 mm. wide, all rounded; stamens exserted 2 cm. beyond
mouth of the corolla tube, erect, glabrous; anthers linear, 3.5-4.5 mm.
Ions' about 1 ram. broad; pistil about as long as the stamens, glabrous.
stigma minu
Herbarium
stream
Department of Cauca, Colombia, 2,500 meters altitude, September

10, 1944, by Earl L. Core (No. 1200).
Habracanthus corei differs from the majority of the Colombian
species in its broadly elliptic leaf blades and the very sharply acu-
minate, short- petioled, cordate inflorescence leaves. Tlie color of the
corolla is not apparent in the dried material. It was probably some
shade of red.
25. Habracanthus lamprus Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 176
Suffrutex gracilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus, deorsum glabris,
sursum hirtellis; lamina foliorum ovata, breviter acuminata, basi late
cuneata et in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto membranacca, Integra vel
undulata, pilosa et ciliolata, pilis septatis, ascendentibus vel sub-
appressis, costa et venis lateralibus subtus prominentibus, supra
paniculae terminalcs
foliorum parvorum
pilosa, pilis patulis, rhachillis et pedicellis gracilibus pubescentibus,
ramos
subsessdes
lanceolatae, apice obtusae, pilosae; calycis segmenta anguste tri-
eorsum
acutis et pilis glandulosis intcrmixtis; corolla atrorubens, glabra,
anguste infundibuliforrais, labio superiore lineari, apice cincinnato vel
condupl
glabra
ovarium
m. high, the stems
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous near the inflorescence; leaf blades
ovate, up to 11 cm. long and 5.8 cm. wide, short-acuminate, rather
broadly cuneate at base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately
thin, entire or undulate, rather densely pilose, the hairs
up to 1 mm.
long, septate, ascending or subappresscd, the margins
ciliate, the
costa and lateral veins
(about 10 pairs) moderately prominent
beneath, less so above, the cystoliths minute, up to 0.128 mm. long,
obscure; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long and 1.25 mm. thick, pilose-
panicles ovoid, up to 16 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, moderately dense,
the several short, axillary panicles only 1 to 2 cm. long; bracts
sub-
tending the branches of the panicle conspicuous, leaf-like, cordate,
cm. lone: and 3 cm
becomin toward tip of panicle, all sliort-
acummate, the pubescence that of the stem
ram
mm. long and 0.28 mm
0.16 mm. lontr or oeeasi
subtending the flowers, long

narrowly lanceolate, 2 to 3 andmm.
0.25
mm. wide, blunt at tip, pilose; calyx 5 mm. long, glabrous below,
sparingly hirtellous toward tip, the small acute hairs intermixed with
gland-tipped trichomes about 0.5 mm. long, the segments narrowly
triangular, 1.25 mm. wide at base, acute; corolla dark red, glabrous,
1.5 cm. long, the tube 3 mm. broad near base, narrowed at 4 mm.
above base to 2 mm., the throat 2.5 to 4 mm. broad, the upper lip
Si
Leonard {Haught 6031): Tip of plant showing

FiGVKE 176— Habracanthus lamprus a,
enlarged to show pubescence; c, calyx; d, tip of

panicle and leaf; b, portion of rachilla
\"7 * # r
2%
natural size;/, Sji times natural size.)
Imear, 12 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide

mm
mm. wide, conduplicate
mm mm. wide, rounded; stamens about mm
beyond the mouth of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers Imear, 4.5 mm
about 2 cm. beyond the moutl
long, 1.25 mm. thick; style exserted
minute; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen
of the corolla, the stigma

along the highway between San Cayetano and Pacho,
Department
of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,800 meters altitude,
August 2, 1947,
by Oscar Haught (No. G031).
Hau
name is from
sion to its attractive flowers.
26. Habracanthus congesfus Leonard, sp. nov. FinuRE 177

Herba vel sufTrutex, caulibus subterctibus, glabris, cystolithis
subpunctiformibus; lamina foliorum magna, ovata vcl obovata,
apice breviter acuminata, basi cuneata, hitegra vel undulata,
aliquanto
firma, utrinque conspicue pilosa, pilis ascendentibus,
costa ct venis
lateralibus aliquanto conspicuis, cystohthis obscuris vel
nullis; panicula
terminalis, densa, apice subacuta, paniculae axillares
minores, rhache
parce hirtella, pilis ascendentibus vel patuhs, rhachillis ahquanto
dense hirtcllis, pilis subbrunneis, septatis; bracteae ramos panicularum
subtendentes suborbiculares, apiculatae, sessiles; bracteae
ultimae
lineari-lauceolatae, subacutae, parce hirtellae;
calycis segmenta
lanccolata, graciliter 3-vel 5-nervata, subacuta. anice njirrp, hirtpllo
dentibus, pilis gland uliferis
glabr
curvato vcl cincinnato, labio inferiore patulo, ovato,
conduplicatoi
apice 3-lobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina
exserta, glabra'
m
rieros or suUrutescent plants up to 2.5 meters high,
stems subterete,
glabrous, the cystoliths subpunctiform; leaf blades
ovate or obovate,
up to 20 cm. long and 11 cm. wide, short-acuminate at tip
(?), cuneate
at base, entu-e or undulate, moderately firm,
rather densely and
mm
mod
lithsinconspicuous or absent; terminal panicle narrow,'
dense 17
cm. Ions:, 2 to 3 cm. broad snhopnfA of fir. fi,^ „,.m^„„ / , •
more cm. long and 2 cm. broad, the rachises sparingly

pairs, 8
hirtellous, the hau-s ascending or spreading,
about 0.28 mm. long the
rachilla rather densely hirteUous with liglit
brownish septate ascendin-
mm
lowerm
mm. long and 16 mm
ultimat
olate, 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, subacute, sparingly hirtellous-
segments lanceolate, 5 mm mm. Avide at base, sub-
acute, delicately 3- to 5-nerved, sparingly
hu-tellous with rigid acute
ascending hau-s ca. 0.1 mm. long and intermixed
with these a few
gland-tipped trichomes up to about 0.5 mm. Ion?: mrolln. voA nKnnf
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ III 473
14 mm. long, glabrous, the upper lip erect, about 8 mm. long, and
1 mm. wide, subobtuse, curled at tip, the lower lip spreading, about
10 mm. long, ovate, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes ovate, about 2 mm.
long, rounded; stamens exsertcd 10 mm. beyond the mouth of the
corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers 4 mm. long, 1 mm. thick; style
slightly longer than the stamens, the stigma minute; ovary glabrous;
capsules not seen.
Figure 111. —Ilahr acanthus congestus Leonard {von Sneidern 2646) : a, Upper half of panicle;
by lowermost part of panicle; c, leaf blade; d, portion of leaf blade enlarged to show
pubescence; e, calyx;/, portion from near tip of calyx segment enlarged to show pubes-
cence, (a, Half natural size; hy c, natural size; d, 4 times natural size; e, 6 times natural
size;/, 40 times natural size.)
Type in the Stockholm Herbarium, collec

La Plata, Department of Huila, Colombia, meters
March 25. 1939, by Kiell von Sneidern (No, :
Characters making Hahracanthus congestus easy to separate from

other Colombian species are its narrow congested panicle, small red
flowers, and large ovate or obovate hairy leaf blades. The specific
name
388179—57 11
27, Habracanthus diversicolor Lindau

Ilabracanthus diversicolor Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: CG9. 1897. Syntypes:
Agua Obispo, Province of Truxillo, Venezuela, altitude 2,300 meters, Funck
& Schlim (No. 791) (photograph in the U. S. National Herbarium, Field
Mus. No. 8888). Province of Ocana, Department of Norte de Santander,
Colombia, altitude 2,300 meters, Schlim 458; La Baja, Province of Pam-
plona, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, 3,000 meters altitude,
Funck & Schlim 1309.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants up to 3 meters high; stems sub-

quadrangular, glabrous or bifariously puberulent, the hairs retrorsely
recurved, 0.16 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, up to 20 cm, long and 8.5
cm. wide, slenderlv acummate. the rounded base decurrent on the
moderately firm
mm
mos
prominent under
cm
pjTami
cm. long or more and 9 cm, broad, the branches ricrid, numerous
dichotomously or cincinnally branched
landular
mm. long and others up to 0.4 mm
elands intermixed, the lower brand
tended by large cordate-ovate subscssilc leaflikc bracts (2 to 8 cm.
long and 1 to 6 cm. wide), the other branches subtended by small
mm. lonsr and 0.5 mm
mm
mm
mm
termixed, the glandular ones
mm
mm
mm
mm. at 2.5 mm.
above the base, 5.5 to 6 mm. broad at middle, anc
to 4 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip linear, 3.5 mm. long, abom
5 mm. wide, entire, the lower lip of 3 lobes, the middle lobe 1.5 mm
ng and broad, the lateral ones 1.5 mm. lone and 2 mm. wide: stamens
filaments ud to 28 mm
mm
mm. long; capsules clavate, 13 to mm
mm. broad, 2 mm. thick, glabrous, the solid stipe 5 mm. long;
lacula 2.5 mm. long, rounded at tip and slightly erose; seeds 4,
mm mm
minu
Woods Culagd Valley,
1,500 to 2^100 meters, March 3-8, 1927, Killip & Smith 20157 (US).
—
28. Habrat anthus pennellii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 178
Herba, sursum subquadrangularibus, aliquanto parce

caulibus
bifariam hirtellis, pilis plus minusve patulis, deorsum subteretibus et
glabratis, cystolithis paucis, minutis; lamina foHorum ovata, apice
subobtusa vel breviter apiculata (apice ipso obtuso et plus minusve
apiculato) basi angustata, aliquanto firma, Integra vel undulata,
utrinque plus minusve dense hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus, septatis,
Figure 178. HabracanihuspennelliiLeonatd {Pennell 10414) a, Sectionof the middle portion

:
of a terminal panicle; h, tip of inflorescence; c, leaf; d, node of inflorescence to show bracts;

e^ portion of rachis enlarged to show pubescence;/, tip of a calyx
segment enlarged to
show trichomes; g, tip of a trichome; A, corolla, {a-c, Natural s;ê; d, 5 times natural
size; e, about 16 times natural size;/, 3 times natural size; gy about 150 times natural
size; h^ lî times natural size.)
subtus praecipue in costa et venis lateralibus corispicuis positis; petioli

graciles, hirtelli; paniculae terminales et axillares infcriores sub tiles,
intermptae, ramis 1- vel 2-furcatis, foliis parvis cordatis, acutis,
sessilibus suffultis, rhache et rbachillis dense brunneo-hirtellis, pilis
namusv
lineares
menta acuta, parce puberula, pilis parvis
;landulosis intermix tis : corolla rubra

obtuso
lobato stamina
:
lincaribus; capsiilae clavatae, glabrae; semina brunnca (matura),

suborbicularia, plana, basi obliqua.
Herbs up meter high or more; stems subtcrete and glabrate
to 1
below, subquadrangular and rather sparingly liirtellous in two lines

mm
cystoliths few, minute; leaf blades ovate,up to 5 or
wide, subobtuse or short-apiculate, narrowed at mo
firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces more or lesi
ascending, mostly up to 0.6 mm. lone, scutate.
confined mos
tne venation not noticeably conspicuous but more so beneath than
above; petioles rather slender, up to 1 cm. long and 0.75 mm. thick,
hirtellous, the hairs similar to those of the leaf blades; branches of the
panicle 1 to 4 at cacli node, terminal and axillary, scattered for some
distance along the stems forming long interrupted panicles, the
cm, lone: and 7 cm
branches
up to 12 mm.
long and 9 mm. wide, these sessile, acuminate and acute
at tip, the margins undulate, the surfaces sparingly hhtellous, the
rachis and
rachilla densely brown-hirtellous, tlie liairs more or less
ascending, septate, up to 0.4 mm. long, the pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long
mm
mm. lonir, the bracts
subtending the flowers and ultimate forks linear. mm
mm
mm. lone:, and 1 mm
ingly puberulous, some of them bearing in addition to the minute
acute hairs several conspicuously longer glandular ones (up to 0.5
mm. long); corolla "lakc-rcd," glabrous, 12 mm. long, the tube 2 mm.
broad at base, narrowed at 3 mm. above base to 1.5 mm., thence
cylindrical or nearly so to tip, the upper lip erect, linear, about 4 mm.
mm
stamens exscrtcd 4 mm
mm
mm. broad and 1.5 mm
thick, glabrous; rctinacula 2.5
4 A _ .
mm. long, obtuse and erose at the rather
narrow obtuse muricate
m
mm
Herbarium
Tatamd, Department of Caldas, Colomb

meters altitude, Septemb W
Pennell (No. 10414).
Hahracanthus pennellii is closely related to and resembles in many
respects H. scolnikae from the Department of Antioquia. In //.
pennellii the calyx lobes, although they bear scattered glandular
trichomes like //. scolnikae, are linear and abruptly acute instead of
m the base to a slender tip. The leaf
blades of 11. scolnikae, although small and ovate like those of H.
pennellii, are acutely acuminate instead of subobtuse or bluntly short-
acuminate. The corollas also arc different in the two species: H.
mm
mm. lonar. Both
tumid
Only the uppermost leaves are represented by the type material
of //. pennellii. The lower stem leaves might possibly be much
larger than the dimensions given in the description.
29. Hahracanthus microcalyx Leonard, sp. nov. FiotrnE 179
Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum parce

et bifariam puberulis, pilis rccurvatis et subappressis; folia caulina
ignota; lamina foliorum panicularum aUquanto parva, ovata, breviter
acuminata, basi cuneata, aliquanto firma, Integra, glabra vel parce
hirtella, piKs rigidis; petioli gracilcs, parce et minute hirtelli, cysto-
lithis minutis et paniculae terminales et
aliquanto inconspicuis ;
axillares, densae, multi-ramosae, ramis glabris vel parce puberulis,

pilis recurvatis, cj'stolithis sub Icnte aliquanto conspicuis; pedicelli
graciles, puberuli, pilis patulis vel recurvatis, septatis; calycis seg-

merta subulata, apice recurvata, pilis paucis, acutis et pihs glandu-
losis longioribus hitcrmixtis pracdita; corolla rubra (?), glabra,
tubo anguste infundibuliformi, labio superiore erecto, oblongo-
elliptico, apice subobtuso, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, apice trun-
cato, 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina ignota; ovarium
glabrum.
Herbs; stems sub quadrangular, glabrous or the upper portions
sparingly and bifariously pubcrulous, the hairs up to 0.1 mm. long,
recurved and subapressed; stem leaves not seen, those of the panicles
n.irrowlv ovate, un to 6 cm. lone: and 1.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate.
moderately firm
mm
0.5 mm. long, sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the cystoliths
minute and rather inconspicuous; panicles dense, much branched,
terminal and axillary, occurring for some distance along the stems,
thft intfirnodes 5 to 12 cm. loner, the branches of the panicles dicho-
—
tomous, 3 to 8 cm. long, slender, 1 to 0.25 mm. thick, glabrous or

sparingly puberulous, the hairs up to 0.13 mm. long, recurved, the
mm
mm. thick, rather d
mm. Joner; calyx ud to 8 mm
or bearmg on the margms and
segments a few gland
tips of the
tipped trichomes up to 0.32 mm. long intermixed with minute rigic
acute hau-s about 0.08 mm. long, the segments subulate, 1 mm
Figure 179. Ilabracanthus microcalyx Leonard {Ariste-Joseph A 224): a, Node showing

axillary panicle; b, leaf from inflorescence; c, calyx; d, tip of calyx segment enlarged to
show hairs; e, corolla, {a, b, Natural size; c, about 3 times natural size; d, 40 times
natural size; e, 2}^ times natural size.)
wide at base, gradually narrowed into a slender recurving tip; corolla

17 mm. long, red (j'), glabrous, the tube 2 mm. broad
rowed to 1 mm. at 2 mm. above base, thence gradual! enlarged to ;7
3 mm. at mouth, the upper lip oblong-elliptic, erect, mm

1.5 mm. wide, subobtuse and entire at tip, the lower lip spreading,
ovate, 9 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, truncate and 3-lobcd at tip, the lobes
1 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, rounded; stamens not seen; ovary
Type in the U.
S.
Bogota, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1911, by Bro.
Ariste-Josenh fNo. A224'i.
30. Habracanthus hylobius Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 180
Herba ramis elongatis, caulibus subquadrangularibus, deorsum

glabris, sursum plus miimsve puberulis, pilis curvatis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovato vel oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata vol acuta,
basi cuneata, plus minusve firma, Integra vel obscure et leviter
undulata, utrinque parce puberula, praecipue in costa et^ vcnis

pilis
lateralibus positis, venulis crasse reticulatis, cystolithis parvis sed

multis et sub lente conspicuis; petioli aliquanto puberuli; paniculae
terminales et axillares, ramis furcatis, floribus plus minusve
secundis, rhache et rachillis aliquanto dense hirtellis, pUis patulis
vel recurvatis, septatis, pedicellis erectis vel ascendentibus, hirtellis,
ramis infimis foliis parvis suffultis; bracteae subulatae, acutae, parce

hirtellae; segmcnta
calycis lanccolata, apice gracilia (apice ipso
subobtuso), minute et parce hirtella, pilis acutis parvis septatis
patulis vel ascendentibus et pilis glandulosis paucis longioribus
intermixtis corolla punicea, glabra, tubo anguste infundibuliformi,
labio superiore erecto, lineari, apice recurvato, subacute, labio in-
feriore patulo, ovato, apice rotundato, 3-lobato, lobis ovatis, brevi-
bus, obtusis; stamina exserta, glabra, antlieris oblongis, utrinque

muticis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; retinacula fere recta, minute et
graciliter striata, apice subacuta, obscure lacerata; semina plana,
suborbicularia, albida (immatura), brunnea (matura), levia, margini-

bus muricatis.
Herbs up to 1 meter high, the branches elongate; stems subquad-
more
curved, up to 0.11 mm
cm. lone and 7 cm. wide, short-acummate
base, rather firm., entire or obscurely undulate, both surfaces rather
sparingly puborulous, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral
mm
appressed, the venation rather prominent especially on the lower
surface of the blades, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the cystoliths
minute but conspicuous under a lens; petioles 1 to 5 cm. long, sparingly

puberulous; panicles terminal and axillary, the axillary ones borne for
a considerable distance down the stem^s, the dense terminal part of the
pyramidal, up to 22 cm. long and 12 cm
more
often with a flower in the fork, the rachis and rachifla rather densely
mm
mm
lous, the hairs similar to those of the rachiUa, the main nodes of the
inflorescence bearing smaU leaves, the ultimate nodes producing
subulate bracts up to about 6 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, gradually
narrowed from base into a slender tip, sparingly hirtellous; fully
developed calyces 10 to 12 mm, long, minutely and sparingly hirtel-

Ions, the icute hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, spreading or ascending,
septate, these intermixed with spreading gland-tipped trichomes up to
0.25 mm. long, the segments of the calyx 9 to 10 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide at base, gradually narrowed into a ratlier bluntish tip; corollas
Figure 1^0.— Hahr acanthus hylobius Leonard (von Sneidern 647): a, Leaf; b, branch of
inflorescencefrom near the base of the terminal panicle; c, tip of same; d, one of the
ultimate nodes of the panicle showing bracts; e, portion of a rachilla enlarged
to show
pubescence;/, calyx; g, portion of calyx segment from near Its tip, enlarged to show
pubescence; h, corolla; t, tip of the upper Up of corolla; lower of same;
;, lip k, anther.
{a, Half natural size; b, c, natural size; dj, t,/, 3 times natural size; e, 32 times natural
size; g, 40 times natural size; h, twice natural size; k, 6 times natural size.)
bright red, glabrous, 20 to 25 mm. lonL^ 3 mm. brnfld nf hs^^t^ ah.

mm
gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at the mouth
mm. loner. 1,5 mm
more curled, subacute, the lower lip
mm. lone, 7,5 mm
.
LEONARD —THE AC^VNTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ III 481
at tip, the lobes 1 mm. long and broad, obtuse; stamens exserted about
15 mm, beyond the mouth of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers oblong,
4 mm. longj 1.5 mm. broad, rounded at both ends; style slightly
exceeding the stamens, glabrous, the stigma minute; capsules clavate,
12 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, 2.5 mm. thick; retinacula 2 mm. long,
minutely and delicately striate, nearly straight, the upper portion
oblong, the tip subacute, obscurely lacerate; seed suborbicular,
flattish, about 2 mm. in diameter and 0.5 mm. becom-
thick, whitish,
ing brown at maturity, more or less muricate, becoming smooth at
maturity except at margins.
Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuscet, Stockholm, collected in
virgin forest at Munchique, near the village of El Tambo, Depart-
ment of Cauca, Colombia, 2,500 meters altitude, April 26, 1936, by
Kjell von Sneidern (No. 647).
The following are paratypes:
Cauca: Virgin forests at La Costa, near the village of El Tambo, 1^800 meters
altitude, March 7, 1935, von Sneidern 491 (S) ; 900 meters altitude, March 19, 1936,
von Sneidern 621 (S); 1,600 meters altitude, May 28, 1936, von Sneidern 703 (S).
Western bank of the Rio Munchique, Cordillera Occidental, 2,400 meters altitude,
July 23, 1948, H. Garcia- Bar riga^ /. G. Hawkes & M. Villarreal, 12945 (US).
Cerro de Munchique, Cordillera Occidental, above the Rio Tambito, 2,000 to 2^500
meters altitude, July 16, 1939, E, P&rez-Arhel&ez & J. Cuatrecasas 6260 (Col).
Cundinamarca: Wet forested hillside, along the road from Bogotd to Fusaga-
sugd, near San Miguel, eastern Cordillera, April 30, 1944, E. P. Killip 38086 (US).
Salto de Tequendama, 2,800 meters altitude, July 1855, Triana s.n. (Col)*
Htjila: Virgin forest at La Plata, 2,600 meters altitude, March 14, 1939,
Kjell von Sneidern 2645 (S)
Tolima: Aguadita, January 27, 19^Sj Bro, Lmireano Javier 17 (US). Quindio,
2,300 meters altitude, February 1852, Triana s,n, (Col),
Without DEFINITE LOCALITY: J. Triana s.n. (NY). Mutis 1508 (US).
The specific epithet is from the Greek v'Ko^tos, living in the woods.
3K Habracanthus scolnikae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 181

L
Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, parce hirtellis, pilis retrorse

appressis vel interdum panic patentibus^ deorsum glabratis, nodis
tumidis; lamina folioram ovata vel oblongo-ovata, brcviter acuminata,
basi rotundata vel obtusa vel acuta in petiolum decurrens, utrinque
inconspicue puberula, pilis subappressis vel subpatentibus, costa et
venislateralibus aliquanto conspicuis, cystolithis minutis, paucis, incon-
spicuis; petioli graciles, strigosi; paniculae terminales et axillares,
tenues, ramis 1- vel 2-furcatis, foliis parvis scssilibus, cordatis suffultis,
rhachibus et pedicellis gracillimis, parce vel aliquanto hirtellis, pilis
ascendentibus, septatis; bracteae parvae, subulatae, minute ciliatae;
calycis segmenta anguste triangularia, acuminata (apice ipso sub-
obtusa), parce et mhiute hirtella, apice aliquando pilis minutis paucis
glandulosis praedita, glandulis brunneis, elongatis; corolla sulphurea,
:
glabra, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore lineari, apice rotundata,

labio inferiore suborbiculari, 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis;
stamina exserta, glabra, antheris lincaribus, utrinque muticis; stigma
minutum; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; semina subbrunnea, muricata.
Suffrutescent plants up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular
(the angles rounded), sparingly puberulous. the hairs closelv and re-
FiGURE 181.— JIabracantkus scolnikae Leonard {Scohiik, Barva-Lopez & Barkley 19 An. 199)
a. Tip of plant to show inflorescence; l, a lower node to show tumescence and small
lateral panicles; c, cross-section of stem near node to show pith area; d, calyx; e, portion
of pedicel enlarged to show pubescence; /, a trichome from near tip of calyx segment;
g, portion of marginal region of calyx segment enlarged to show ciliation; h, corolla;

t, anther; ;', retinaculum; k, capsule valve, {a, Natural size; b, c, h, twice natural size;
d, 3 times natural size; e, 50 times natural size;/, g, 30 times natural size; i, 3>^ times
natural size;;', 5}^ times natural size; k, lYz times natural size.)
trorsely appressed, or a few somewhat spreading, up to 0.13 nun.

long, the lower portion of the stems 9 mm, in diameter or more,
glabrate, the nodes swollen, the internodes 10 cm. long, the pith white
and about 7 mm. in diameter; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate,
up to 7 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide, short-acuminate, rounded, obtuse
or acute at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire, both sur-
faces inconspicuously puberulous, the hairs subappressed or spreading,
up to 0.5 mm. long, the costa, lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) and the
coarsely reticulate veinlets moderately conspicuous, the cystoliths
minute, sparse, inconspicuous, up to 0.16 mm. long; petioles slender,
the unwinged portion up to 2 cm. long, strigose; flowers borne in small
delicate terminal and racemes 3 to 8 cm. long and 2 to 4.5 cm.
axillary
broad, the peduncles 0.5 to 5 cm. long, sparingly and inconspicuously
hirtellous, the branches of the panicle once or twice forked (sometimes
with a flower In the first fork) and subtended by subsessile cordate
acuminate recurved leaves 0,5 to 4 cm. long and 0.3 to 2 cm. wide, the
pedicels and secondary branches of the panicle subtended by subulate
bracts 2 to 5 mm. long and about 0.5 mm. wide, acute, minutely
ciliate and sparingly hirtellous or glabrate, the lowermost internodes
about 12 mm, long, the others successively shorter, the pedicels 1 to 4
mm. long, both the pedicels (0,24 mm. thick) and branches very
slender, sparingly to moderately hirtellous, the hairs ascending, up to
0,16 mm. long, septate; calyx segments narrowly triangular, 5 to 8
mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender
bluntish tip, sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the hairs ascending,
the segments sometimes bearing at or near the tips a few long (0.4
mm.) hairs tipped by conical elongated brownish glands; corolla
sulphur 3êllow, glabrous, reaching 15 mm. in length, the tube 3 mm.
broad at base, enlarged at 2 mm. above base to 3.5 mm., thence
narrowed at 4 mm, above base to 2.5 mm., from there gradually
enlarged to 3.5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip linear, 7 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide (flower young), rounded at tip, the lower lip suborbicular, 5
mm. long and 4 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes 0.5 mm. long, and
0.75 mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted about 7 mm, beyond the
mouth of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers 3.5 mm, long, 1.25 mm.
broad, rounded at both ends; style slightly exceeding the stamens,
glabrous, the stigma minute; capsules clavate, glabrous, 15 mm. long,
4 mm. wide, 3 mm. thick; retinacula 2 mm. long, linear-cucullate at
tip,inconspicuously erose; seed light brownish (immature), 2 mm. long
and broad, strongly muricate.
Type in the National Herbarium, No, 1995126, collected in a
U. S.
damp woods on a pdramo 10 km, east of Sonson, Department of
Antioquia, Colombia, 2,700 meters altitude, March 18, 1949, by Rosa
Scolnik, Nemesio Barva Lopez, and Fred A. Barldey (No, 19An.l99).
Garcia-Barriga's No. 4857, collected at Yanaca, Maripi, Depart-
ment of Antioquia, July 22, 1936, may also be of this species.
The relatively small thin leaf blades, numerous small delicate
panicles of sulphur yellow^ flowers, and all the main branches of the
panicles being subtended by small, sessile, cordate, pointed leaves are
characters markinjr Habracanthus scolnikae.
34* HANSTEINIA Oerst^
Hansteinia Oerst. Nat. For. Kjobcnliavn Vid. Medd, 1854: 142, 1854. Named
for Dr. Johannos Hanstein. Type species: Hansteinia gracilis Oerst. Type
collected by Oersted ia Costa Rica.
Galcottia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 31L 1847. Based on a single species, G.
gracilis Nees, from Veracruz, Mexico,
Glockeria Nees in DC. Prodr, 11: 728. 1847, A renaming of Galeoitia Nees, non
Rupr, (1842), non A. Rich, (1845); non Glockeria Goepportj Nov. Act, Acad.
Cacs. Leop, 17; 379, pi 39, figs, 3, S. 1836.
Herbaceous or shrubby plants; (lowers borne usually in terminal

and axillary loose thyrsiform panicles; bracts small and subulate,
calj^x segments 5, narrow, equal; corollas red or yellow, tubular,
narrow, usually constricted just above the ovary, thence abruptly
and somewhat obliquely enlarged and oblong, often slightly constricted
again at mouth, the upper lip erect, entire, the lower scarcely distinct
from the corolla tube, 3-lobed; stamens 2, attached at tip of corolla
tube, exserted, the anthers 1-celled, obtuse; capsules glabrous,
clavate 4-seeded; the lower half stipiform and solid; seed compressed,
lenticular, roughened.
Four species have been described in this genus, one from Bolivia
and three from Mexico and Central America.
1, Hansteinia charitopes Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 182
Herba, subquadrangularibus, glabris, cystolithis in-
caulibus
conspicuis; lamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, aliquanto graciliter
acuminata, basi cuneata, aliquanto tenuis, Integra vel imdulata,
utrinque glabra vel supra in costa inconspicue strigosa, venis subtus
prominentibus, supra obscuris, cystolithis sub lente conspicuis;
paniculae longae, angustae, laxae; bracteae ultimae parvae, tri-
angulari-subulatae, inferiores foliaceae; rhachis et rliacliillac glabrae,
cystolithis minutis sed sub lente conspicuis ;
pedicelli graciles,
glabri, cystolithis minutis conspicuis; calyx parvus, segmentis
lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, glabris vel apice pilis paucos minutis
gerentibus, cystolithis minutis sub lente conspicuis; corolla rubra,
apice subpurpurea, glabra, tubo basi angusto, supra abrupte dilatato,
labiis ercctis, subaequalibus, labio superiore ovato, rotundato, labio
infcriore trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus, apice rotundatis; stamina
inclusa, glabra, antheris utrinque muticus; stylus levitcr exsertus;
stigma minutum; ovarium glabrum.
Erect herbs up to 1.5 meters high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous,
the cystoliths inconspicuous, up to 0.112 mm, long; leaf blades
oblong-lanceolate, up to 16 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, rather slenderly
acuminate at tip, cuneate at base, rather thin, entire or undulate,
both surfaces glabrous or the costa of the upper surface inconspicuously
strigose, the costa and lateral veins and veinlets conspicuous beneath,
obscure above, the cystoliths up to 0.08 mm. long, conspicuous under a

lens; flowers borne in a long narrow lax panicle, the small triangular-
subulate bracts (3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base) gradually inter-
grading into the stem leaves; rachis and rachilla glabrous, bearing
minute cystoliths, these conspicuous under a lens; idtimate bracts
subulate or linear-subulate, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, 0,25 mm. wide, the
cystolithsminute but conspicuous; pedicels slender, up to 15 mm.
long and 0.25 mm. thick, glabrous and bearing minute cystohths;
calyx 4 mm. long, glabrous except a few minute acute hairs at tips
Figure \S2.—Hanstania charitopes Leonard {Fosberg 19791): a. Upper half of panicle;
/:
{^>h,
Natural size; c, half natural size; d^ 5 times natural size; e^ 6 times natural size; /,
7 times natural size; g^ l}i times natural size.)

numerous minute (0.032 to
mm cm.
mm
3, at 3 mm, above base abruptly enlarged to 8 mm., 6 mm,
liroatj the lips erect, subequal, 3.5 mm. long, the upper lip <
mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes 2 mm

and broad, obtuse; stamens the tips of the corolla lips,
glabrous, mm mm. thick, muticous; style

slightly exsertedj the stigma minute; ovary glabrous; capsules not

seen.
Herb
a steep slope in a wet forest at the headwaters of the Eio Fortalecillas.
N
Huila, Colombia, 2,300 meters altit
Fosberg (No, 19791), Isotypc: US.
The specific epithet is from the Greek xaptrojTTTjs^ meaning graceful.
35. STENOSTEPIIANUS Nees

Stenostephanus^ê^ in Mart. FlBvTLS. 9:91. 1847, Srctîs, narrow, and <TTe<pavos,
crown or wreath, alluding possibly to the narrow thyrsoid panicle. Type
species: Slenostephanus lobeliaeformis Necs. Type collected in damp woods
of Scrra dos Orgaos, Brazil, by Khotzky.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves usually thin, ovate, oblong or oblong-
th\T
subtending
segments linear, equal; corolla contracted at base into a short narrow
portion, upwardly abruptly enlarged and ventricose, narrowed slightly
limb
stamens
2; staminodes sometimes present; anthers 1-celled; style filiform
stamens, the stitrma minu
stipiform
com
Six species have been described, from South America. A close
all
relationship exists between StenostephanuSy Hansteinia, and Hab-
raca/ithus. All have tubular corollas, with a narrow basal portion, the
tube expanding abruptly and becoming subventricose, usually slightly
narrowed in the throat, and the limb bilabiate, with the posterior
lip erect and the lower more or less spreading and ending in 3 rounded
lobes. In Ilabracanthus the lips are long, the upper narrowly linear
and often curled or contorted in dried specimens, the lower cuneiform
and flat. The panicles in this genus vary from loose and few-flowered
to dense and many-flowered. In Hansteinia and Stenostephanus the
corollas are of the same general plan but the tubes are relatively
more
more
The two genera arc most easily distinguished by the hiflorescences,
last
which are lax in Hansteinia and dense arrd narrov/ in Stenostephanus.
1. Stenostephanus puberulus Lindau
Stenostephanus puberulus Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 670. 1897, Syntypes:
Collected near La Baja, vicinity of Tamplona, Department of Norte de San-
tander, 2,800 meters altitude, by Funck & Schlim (No. 1309), photograph
(US) of specimen in Berlin Herbariuni (Field Mus. No. 8885), and in woods,
Province of Ocafia, Norte de Santander, 1,700 to 1,900 meters altitude, by
Schlim (No. 1094).
Branching shrubs, the stems siibtetragonal; glabrous; leaf blades I
ovate, 10 to 20 cm. long and 3 to 10 cm. wide, long-acuminate, grad-

ually narrowed and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous, the cystoliths
conspicuous; petioles 1 to 5 cm. long, glabrous; panicles terminal,
thyrsiform, puberulous; bracts and bractlets filiform, 2 to 4 mm,
long; flowers borne on pedicels; calyx segments lanceolate, 12 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, the outer surface cano-pubescent; corolla yellow
or rosy, the tube pilose, 13 mm. long, the base 3 mm. broad, at 3 mm.
above base abruptly enlarged to 7,5 mm. and ventricose, narrowed
at throat to 5 mm.; upper lip liguliform, entire, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the lobes 5 mm, long and 3.5 mm. wide; filaments exserted, 12 mm.
long, affixed to the base of the corolla tube; anthers 4 mm. long;
ovary 2.5 mm. long; style 25 mm. unknown.
long; capsule
Tribe 13. Justicieae
Justicieae Benth. &

Hooker, Gen. Plant. 2: 1062. 1876, emend. Lindau, Bot,
Jahrb. Engler 18: 48. 1893; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzcnfam. IV, 3b: 287.
1895.
This tribe is characterized by ^'Knotchenpollen'' (the usual ribs

replaced by 1 or 3 rows of small tubercles) and 2-stamened flowers.
Shrubs or herbs; flowers variously disposed; bracts imbricate or
distant; bractlets often small; calyx 4- or 5-parted, rarely 24ipped;
stamens 2; anthers 2- or 1-lobed, the lobes superposed, the connective
often more or less broad and oblique, spurred, apiculate or muticous;
capsules 4-seeded. The Colombian genera represented are:
36. Justicia
37. Pelecostemon
38. Jacobinia
39. Chaetochlamys
40. Chaetothylax
36. JUSTICIA Houst, ex L,
Justicia Houst. ex L. Sp. PL 15. 1753; Gen. PL 10. 1754. The genus is named
for James Justice, a Scotch horticulturist and botanist of the 18th century.
Type species: /. adhatoda L.
Dianthera Gronov. ex L. Sp. PI. 27. 1753; Gen PI. 15. 1754, The generic epithet
was introduced by Gronovius (Fi. Virgin. 5. 1742). The anther lobes in
this genus are similar, or nearly so, in shape, with the lower lobe stalked
instead of sessile as in typical Justicia, Type species: Z>. americana L*
Adhatoda Tourn. ex Medic, in Act. Acad. Theod. Palat. 6. Phys.: 393. 1790;
Nees in Wall. PL As. Rar. 3: 76, 102. 1832, The generic epithet is a native
name. Two species, A, zeylanica and A, Tiy^so-pifolia, are discussed; the first,
a synonym of Justicia adhatoda L,, may be chosen as type.
Wall Derivation: XewrSs,

thin, fine or delicate, and a-raxv^, spike. Two species are described, L.
Nees and L, wallichii Nees.
virgata
Betoperone Nees in Wall. PL As. Rar. 3: 76, 102. 1832. Derivation: jSôy, arrow,
and irepdvT}, buckle. The name alludes to the arrow-shaped connective of
the anther. In Justiciar according to Nees (DC, Prodr. 11: 426. 1847), the
anther lobes are parallel, more or less superposed, and their bases blunt. In
contrast, the anther lobes of Beloperone are usually superposed, one or both
lobes spurred, and the connective arrow-shaped. When a large number of
species of both genera are examined, so much variation in these characters are
found that itdoes not seem feasible to maintain Beloperone as a separate
genus. The type is B. amherstiae Nees.^
Rhytiglossa Nees in Lindh Introd. Nat. Syst, Ed. 2, 444. 183G. Derivation:
hurt's, wrinkle or crease, and yXccatraj tongue, alluding apparently to the
ridged or roughened palate of the corolla. Three syntypcs are cited: R,

origanoideSj R. eckloniana, and R. ciliata. All three are from southern Africa.
Orthotadus Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 131. pi 2L 1847, Derivation: 6pd6s,
straight or upright, and arranged; alludes, apparently, to the tetra-
ra/cris,
stichous spikes of the genus. Of the 9 species described here by Nees, his
No. 5, 0, venosiis illustrated by PL 21, can be chosen as the type species.
It was collected on the Rio MaranhSo in the Province of Goyaz, Brazil,
by Pohl
Psacadocalymma Bremekamp, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk.,
Sect. 2, 45: 54. 1948. Type: Justicia comata L.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate, usually ovate to oblong

and entire, flowers spicatc, paniculate or solitary; bracts various^
small, linear or subulate, distant, to large, conspicuous
and imbricate;
calyx segments usually narrow and nearly equal, 5 or, in some species,
4 in number: corollas usually white, pink or purple, sometimes with
m
short to long, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-iobcd, the lower
3-lobed; stamens 2, often slightly exserted but usually not exceeding
the corolla lips; anther cells 2, more or less superposed, one or both
cells apiculate or tailed, the connective narrow to broad, the lobes
parallel or obUquely affixed; capsules clavate, 4-sccded,
KEY TO THE SPECIES

A. Calyx segments 4.
Leaf blades large, at least some of them as much as 5 to 8 cm. wide.
1. /. cystolithosa
Leaf blades smaller, 4 cm. wide or less.
Bracts conspicuous, oblong to elliptic, 4 to 5 mm. wide, acute to obtuse and
apiculate _ 2. /. chlorostachya
Bracts inconspicuous, subulate to lance-ovate, acute to acuminate, 2 mm.
wide or less.
> Beloperone amhersHae was described from cultivated nuaterial of unknown origin. Later, Nees hl;nself
(in Martins, Fl. Bras. 9: 139. 1847) stated that it was conspeciflc witli Justicia brasiliam Hoth (Nov. Plant.
Bp. 17. 1821). Consequently, Breaielcanip has niado the new con^bination Beloperone brasiliana Brcme-
kanp (Verb. Kon. Nod. Akad. AVctensch., Afd. Xatuurk., Sect. 2, 45: 52. 1948).
LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA/ HI 489
Corollas large, about 3 cm. long.

rounded or obtuse at base. 3. /. ischnorhachis
Leaf blades usually
Leaf blades cuneate at base.
Corollas a clear purple; marginal hairs of the calyx segments up to
0.5 mm. long 4, /, charadrophila
Corollas magenta; marginal hairs of the calyx segments up to 0.15
mm ^ iQjjg 1 5. /, oreopola
Corollas smaller, 8-14 mm, long.

Pubescence of the inflorescence a mixture of glandular and acute hairs;
borne in terminal small lax panicles 6. /, archeri

flowers usually
Pubescence of the inflorescence without glandular hairs; flowers borne in
solitary or paired spikes.

7. /. blackti
Calyx segments 2.75 mm. long
Calyx segments 5.5 to 7.5 mm. long.
oblong-ovate 8- J- tnfelix
Leaf blades ovate to
Leaf blades lanceolate to oblong- or ovate-lanceolate.
Spikes dense 9< ^^ pleurolarynx
Spikes lax 10* J- polygonoides
A. Calyx segments 5.
B. Calyx irregular.
calyx connate except at tips 11. J", fuchsiifoha
Posterior segments of the
Posterior segments not connate, the anterior segment much smaller than the
others.
and imbricate, ovate 12. J. neurochlamys
Bracts conspicuous
Bracts small and inconspicuous, triangular or subulate.
cm. long or less, axillary 13. /. rhodoides
Spikes very small, 1
Spikes larger, 3 to 18 cm. long, usually terminal.
Leaf blades elliptic or ovate, rounded or broadly obtuse at tip.
14, J", daidalea
aethes
Leaf blades ovate, short-acuminate or acute 15, J",
B. Calyx regularly 5-parted.

Golden yellow hairs present, at least at tip of stems.
Leaf blades up to 12 cm. wîde, the lower surface densely and softly sub-
tomentose U. J. chrysocoma
lower surface hirsute 17. J. chrysea
Leaf blades up to 4 cm. wide, the
Golden yellow hairs not present.
C. Bracts 3 to 4 cm, long, their tips long and fiUform.
Leaf blades up to 5 cm. wide; bracts 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide.

18, /.. chaetocephala
Leaf blades up to 12 cm. wide; bracts up to 6 mm. wide.

Flowers white; bracts slenderly lanceolate to filiform.
19. /. croceochlamys
Flowers yellow; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate.

20, /. bracieosa
more than 3 cm. long their tips not
C. Bracts less than 3 cm. long, or if
long-filiform.
conspicuously pilose with more or
Stems or at least the upper portions
less spreading hairs, these from 2 to 5 mm. long.
21. /. chaponensis
Bracts acuminate
Bracts rounded and apiculate
Bracts conspicuously long-clawed, up to 6 mm. wide.
22. /. ungxdculaia
388179—57 12
Bracts cuneate or rounded at base, up to 13 mm. wide.

Leaf blades ovate__ 23. /. pampolystachys
Leaf blades oblong-ovate.
Herbs 24. J. hyperdasya
Shrubs __25. J. schultesii
Stems not conspicuously pilose.
D. Bracts 3 mm. wide or more, conspicuous and more or less imbricate,
E. Leaf blades relatively small, up to 5 cm. wide and 14 cm. long.
Bracts spathulate, rounded at tip 26. /. carthagmensia
Bracts ovate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate.
Corolla red; bracts acuminate -___27. /. erythrantha
Corolla white; bracts acute to subacuminate.
Leaf blades lanceolate, up to 1.5 cm. wide.
28, J. leptochlamys
Leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 5 mm. wide.
29. /. gutterrezu
E. Leaf blades relatively large, 6 to 11 cm. wide and 20 to 26 cm.
long.
Bracts obtuse.
Lobes of the lower lip of the corolla narrow, 0.75 to 1.5 mm.
wide 30. /, macarenensis
Lobes of the lower lip of the corolla broad, 3 to 6 mm. wide.
Bracts broadly obtuse or rounded at apex, unguiculate at
base; corolla white with purple lines-31. /. pharmacodes
Bracts moderately obtuse, narrowed at base but not unguicu-
late; corolla blue with white lines.. 32. /. phytolaccoidea
Bracts acute.
Corollas white or yellow.
Bracts up to 28 mm. long; corollas yellow,
33. i/. xanthostachya
Bracts up to 12 mm. long; corollas white.
Leaves large^ up to 30 cm. long and 16 cm. wide; panicle
large, terminal, up to 22 cm. long and 8 cm, broad.
34. /. rohrii
Leaves medium, up to 9 cm. long and 14 cm. wide; spikes
solitary or in pairs, terminal or subterminal.
35, /. cabrerae
Corollas red or rose.
Bracts glabrous or sparingly strigose, veiny.
Corollas pale red, up to 3,3 cm. long 36. J. leucerythra
Corollas scarlet up to 6 cm. long 37, J. enarthrocoma
Bracts rather densely puberulous or moderately hirsute.
Corollas up to 6.5 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, up to 18
mm. long 38. /. sanchezioides
Corollas up to 2.3 cm. long; bracts subovate, up to 11 mm.
long 39^ j\ homoea
D. Bracts less than 3 mm. wide, inconspicuous.
Spikes forming a dense terminal panicle 40. J. filihracteolata
Spikes solitary or several, not forming a dense terminal panicle,
F. Corollas 3 to 6.5 cm. long.
Upper surface of the leaf blades pilose, the hairs purplish,
ascending and conspicuously septate_4L J. porphyrocoma
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ lU 491
Upper surface the

of leaf blades not pilose with purplish
septate hairs, the pubescence various,
G. Flowers borne in dense spikes.
Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, up to 16 cm. long and 2.5
cm. wide; corollas up to 4.5 cm. long.

42. J. periplodfolia
Leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic or oblong-elliptic, up

to 20 cm. long and 10.5 cm. wide; corollas 3 to 3.8 cm.
long.
Stems glabrous 43. J, sciota
Stems minutely antrorsely strigose with yellowish

hairs 44, J. phlebophylla
G. Flowers disposed in loose spikes or panicles.

Rachises and peduncles densely hirsute or strigose.
Pubescence of the panicle of grayish hairs, those more
or less spreading, up to 1 mm. long.
45. P, malacophylla
Pubescence of the panicle of yellowish hairs, these minute

and appressed, up to 0,2 mm. long.
46. J", pelianthia
Rachises and peduncles glabrous to moderately puberu-

lous, strigose or hirsute.
Flowers borne in axillary racemes 47. J. anahasa
Flowers disposed at least in part in terminal panicles.
Panicles composed of subhelicoid cymes.
Corolla glabrous; leaf blades thin, glabrous.
48. J. aurantiaca
Corolla puberulous, firm, sparingly hirtellous
49, /. jacobinioides
Panicles composed of spikes.

Rachises rather thick, up to 1.5 mm, in diameter.
50* /. nov ogranatensis
Rachises slender, up to 0.5 mm. in diameter.
Corollas crimson 51. J.secunda
Corollas white.-- 51a. /. secunda var. leucantha

F. Corollas less than 3 cm. long.
Leaf blades pandurate.
Flowers borne in a narrow slender naked panicle; leaves
long and 13 cm. wide. 52. J. atacta
large, up to 30 cm,
spreading conspicuous panicles; leaf
Flowers borne in leafy
blades medium, up to 16 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide.
53. /• ephemera
pandurate but narrowed to rounded or sub-
Leaf blades not
cordate at the base.
H. Spikes arranged in panicles.
Leaf blades large, up to 23 cm. long and 10 cm, wide.
Panicles dense 40. J. filibracteoMa
Panicles open.
crowded at the tips of the panicle branches.
Flowers greenish white,
64. J. chloanantha
up to 5 cm. long 55. J. helonoma
Flowers purplish, disposed in spikes
492 CONTRIBUIIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaf blades small to medium, up to 15 cm. long and 2.5 cm, wide.
Pubescence of the inflorescence a mixture of glandular and eglandular hairs.
Leaf blades up to 11 cm, long and 2.5 cm, wide 56. /, pedoralis
Leaf blades up to 5 cm, long and 5 mm, wide.
56a. J. pedoralis var. stenophylla
Pubescence of the inflorescence eglandular.
Calyx 2.5 mm. long; lowermost spikes borne in peduncled umbels,
57, /, comata
Calyx 4 to 6 mm. long.
Flowers borne in slender axillary dichotomously or trichotomously
branched panicles 58. J. namatophila
Flowers borne in dense terminal panicles comprised of verticillasters
of numerous slender ascending spikes 59. J.martiana
H. Spikes not arranged in panicles.
Spikes axillary.
Peduncles up to 7 cm. long GO./, laevilinguis
Peduncles up to 2 mm. long or lacking.
Bracts spathulate; spikes up to C cm. long, dense, the flowers conspicuously
secund 61. /. idiogenes
Bracts linear-subulate; spikes up to 1.5 cm. long or lacking and the flowers
disposed in close axillary clusters, these not conspicuously secund.
62. J fusagasugana
,
Spikes terminal, sohtary, paired, or in 3's.

Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, up to 12 mm. wide 63. /. scytophylla
Leaf blades oblong-elliptic, ovate or oblong, 2 cm, wide or more.
Flowers white.
Bracts subtending the corollas narrowly ovate, subacute, conspicuously
3-ncrved 64. J, killipii
Bracts subtending the corollas subulate to narrowly triangular, acute to
acuminate.
Leaf blades up to 17 cm. long and 8 cm. wide; calyx segments 8 mm.
long 65_ J graphophylla
Leaf blades up to 14 cm, long and 5.5 cm. wide; calyx segments 5 mm.
long.
Connective of the anthers spurred 66. /, petraea
Connective of the anthers not spurred 67. /. sterea
Flowers lavender or lilac.
Leaf blades rounded at base 68. /. set
sclera
Leaf blades narrowed at base.
Corolla bearing glandular hairs m, J. skreoslachya
Corolla with acute hairs.
Capsules bearing minute gland-tipped hairs mixed with acute ones.
70. /. hodgei
Capsule bearing acute hairs only 71. /. hygrobta
1, Justicia cjstolithosa Leonard, sp. no v.

Fiouhe 183
Ilerba vel suflrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus (angulis rotundatis),
sulcatis, glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovnta, apice acuta vel
breyiter et aliquanto graciliter sod plus minusve abruptc acuminata,
basi rotundata vel obtusa, sessilis vel breviter petiolata, firma et
aliquanto chartacea, Integra vel undulata, glabra, subtus costa et
LEONARD— THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 493
venis prominentibus, cystolithis pluribus et conspicuis; paniculae

magnae, terminales, internodiis superioribus panicularum parce
glanduloso-puberulis, infimis glabris; spicae apice ramorum panic-
ularum breves, laxac, floribus secundis praeditae ; bracteae subulatae
glabrae, cystolithis conspicuis, parallelis; bracteolae bracteis similes
sed leviter longiores; calycis segmenta 4, anguste lanceolata, apice
graciliter acuta, parce et glanduloso-puberula, marginibus minute
ciliolatis; corolla purpurea, parce et minute pubescens, aliquant©
magna, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore suberccto, triangulo-ovato,
apice acuto, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, aliquanto anguste

obovato, apice 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta,
filamentis glabris, lobis antherarum superpositis, obliquis, lobo superiore
dorso puberulo, pilis rigidis, erectis, anguste triangularibus, acutis,
lobo inferiore breviter calcarato; ovarium glabrum,

Herb iPomiQ nr siiffriitpspp.nt, Tilants uD to 1.5 meters hieh; stems
quadrangular (tlie angles rounded), sulcate, glabrous; leaf
cm. lone: and 8 cm
slenderly and more or less abruptly acuminate, rounded (
base, sessile or short petioled (petiole glabrous, up to 4 mm

firm and somewhat chartaccous, entire or undulate, glabrous, the
venation (lateral veins 10 to 12 pairs) very prominent beneath, less so
above, the cvstoliths of both surfaces very numerous and conspicuous,

mm
cm. long and 8 cm
lowermost
cm
ultimate ones slender, the flowers more or
more
of the inflorescence, the internodes of the flower-bearing spicate tips
mm
florescence internodes glabrous, the upper ones sparingly puberulous
with spreading glandular hairs about 0.1 mm. long; bracts subulate,
similar
up to 4 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, glabrous; bractlets
to tlie bracts but slightly longer, the bracts and the internodes of
the inflorescence bcarmg numerous conspicuous parallel cysioiiins,
calyx segments 4, 1 cm. long, narrowly lanceolate, 1 mm. wide near

base, graduafly narrowed into a slender tip, sparingly glandular-
pubcrulous, the hairs similar to those of the inflorescence branches, the
margins minutely ciliolate with spreading hairs; corollas up to 36 mm.

and minutely pubescent without, the
long, purple, very sparingly
basal portion within densely and retrorsely strigose with white hairs
up to 0.5 mm. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 3 mm.
above base to 1.5 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 7 mm. at mouth,
+v,r» .iTMôT. Mr, a^^hor(^nt. trioTKrnl jitI V ovatfi. fthout 8 mm. wldc at base,
more
obovate, 5 mm. wide at 4 mm. below tip, 4 mm. wide at tip, 3-lobed,
the lobes low and rounded, 1 mm. long, tbe middle lobe 1.5 mm, wide,
tbe|latcral|ones 1 mm. wide; stamens exserted about 9 mm. beyond
Figure m.—Justuia cysiolithosa Leonard {Idrobo y Schultes 825): a. Leaf showing

cystoliths; h, small area of leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged
to show cystolilhs;
c, portion of inflorescence; d, portion of an
internodc of the inflorescence enlarged to
show pubescence; e, one of the lower nodes of the inflorescence enlarged to show bracts;
/, bracts and one of a pair of bractlets subtending a flower;
g, a segment of a calyx; h,
anther, {a. Half natural size; h, 11>^ times natural size;
c, natural size; d, 35 times'
natural size; e,f, 4 times natural size; g, 3 times natural size; h, 7 times natural size.)
mouth of the corolla tube, the filament
mm
mm
mm
terminated in a blunt tail 0,13 mm
the stamens, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs near base; o^

Type U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2025698, collected
in the
trail between Rio Giiejar and the *'cano" Guapayita, Cordillera
Macarena, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 500 to 600 meters altiti
December 20-28, 1950, by Jesds M. Idrobo & Richard Evans Schu
(No. 825).
The following specimens, all] from the Macarena region, are alsi
this species: Philipson (BM)

forest on the central mountain approach ridge, 600 meters altitude,
December 19, 1949; Idrobo and Schultes' No. 1283 (US), collected
on the mesa of Rio Sansa, 1,000 to 1,300 meters, January 23, 1951 and ;
Philipson, Idrobo and Jaramillo's No. 2146 (US), collected in dense

humid forests of the central mountains of the north ridge, 1,500 meters
altitude, January 23, 1950.
Justicia cystolithosa is an attractive species easily recognized
by its stiff, papery, almost sessile leaf blades conspicuously veined
graceful
flowers
2. Justicia chlorostachya Leonard sp. nov. Figure 184
Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus (nodis infimis saepe

radicantibus), subquadrangularibus, 4-sulcatis, deorsum glabris, sur-
sum puberulis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovato-lanceolata,

acuta vel acuminata fapice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum
undulata. aliquanto firma
mmusve mmusve
prominentibus pil
lis, pilisappressis vel patentibus, curvatis; petioli aliquanto graciles,

puberuli; spicae termmales, dense bracteosae, parvae, pedunculis
gracilibus, puberulis; bracteae oblongo-ellipticae vel ovatae, acutae
vel obtusae et apiculatae, subchartaceae, nitidae, virides, glabrae,
marginibus ciliatis, cystolithis et venis prominentibus; bracteolae
lanceolatae, acutae, basi angustae; calycis segmenta 4, anguste lan-
ceolata, ciliata; corolla parva, aliquanto hirsuta (basi glabra), alba,
rosea vel pallide violacea, labio superiore erecto, ovato, acuto,

labio inferiore patulo, 3-lobato, lobis acqualibus, lobo medio orbi-
culato, lobis lateralibus ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina leviter

antherarum lobis
exserta, filamentis glabris, obliquis, inaequalibus;
stigma sursum glabrum, deorsum hirtellum
glabrae vel parce pubescentes; retinacula ligulata
tundata; semina oyok ^:i'-.
^J J
.
Herbs ud to 1meter
stems usually more
nly
disposed or more or less in 2 rows, retrorsoly curved, up to 0.25 mm.

long, white, the internodcs up to 10 cm. long; leaf blades ovate to
ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 10 cm. long and 0.5 to 4 cm. wide, acute to
acuminate (the tip itself blunt) or occasionally obtuse, narrowed at
base and decurrent on the petiole, ashy green (Cuatrecasas) or dark
sea-green (Lehmann), entire or undulate, moderately firm, the upper
surface glabrous or more or less hirsute, the hairs ascending, up to 1
mm. long, the costa often more or less apprcsscd-pilosulous, the hairs
0.25, mm. long, the cystoHths usually conspicuous under a lens, the
lower surface glabrous or nearly so except the costa and lateral veins
(6 or 7 pairs), these prominent, pilosulous, the hairs subappresscd or
Figure \84.—Justic{a chlorostachya Leonard {a-e, h, Killip y Garcia 33671;/,

g, Gania-
Barriga, Hawkes y Villarreal 12960) a, Tip of branch to show spike; b, bract; c, enlarged
:
hairs from margin of bracts; d, bractlet; e, calyx;/, corolla; g, anther; h, capsule, (a,
Natural size; b, 3 times natural size; c, 10 times natural size; d-f, h, twice natural size;
g, 4 times natural size.)
F
spreading, curved, up to 0.25 mm. long, the cystoliths few and obscure
to numerous and conspicuous; petioles rather slender, up to 1.5 cm.
long, more or less puberulous, the hairs curved, ascending or subap-
presscd, up to 0.5 mm. lonjr; spikes terminal, solitarvor orcflsionnllv.
cm. long and 8 to 15 mm
cm
similar stems
mm. Ions: and 5 (usuallv 4) mm
to obtuse and apiculate, narrowed at base, rather thin and subcharta-
ceous, a bright nitid slate green ("empizarradas verde claras," Cuat-
recasas), glabrous except the margins, these ciliate, the hairs spreading
or ascending, up to 1.5 mm. long, the cystoliths usually prominent
rather prominent; bractlets

mm mm
mm
deeply scgmentedj the segments 4, narrowly lanceolate, 0.5 mm
wide near base, gradually narrowed, the costa and margins ciliate
uD to 1 mm. lonsr corolla about 1 cm. loner, white
:
sometimes
moderatelv
mm
ibe 7 mm. long, 1.75 mm.
broad near base, narrowed gradually t(
mm. at 5.5 mm. above base, 1.75 mm. broad at mouth, the posterio
p erect, ovate, 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip spread
Iff. 4 mm. Ions:, 3-lobed, the middle lobe orbicular, about 3 mm. ii
diameter mm mm
wide, rounded; stamens adnate to the throat of the corolla tube,
the free filaments slender and glabrous, 3 mm. long, the adnate
parts hirtcllous, the anther lobes attached obliquely on the connec-
mm. loner, the smaller 0.5 mm
ma 7.5 mm
stiffma nan
cent, 7.5 mm. long, 3 mm. mm. broad, clavate, 4-S€
thick, 2
sterile solid basal stipitate portion 3 mm. long; retinacula lig
basal Dortion about 0.5 mm. wide, the tip 0.25 mm. wide
rounded; seeds ovoid, light brown, mm. loner and broad, about
mm
San Antonio, west of CaH, near summit of Cordillera
ipartment of El Valle, Colombia 1,900 to 2,350 meters
arv 26 to March 2. 1939. bv E. P. Killip and Hernando
Garcia
Other collections are:
Antioquia: open woods along the Camino Real Antiguo to Boquer6n

Damp
de Medellfn, 2,500 meters altitude, Barkley, Correa & Pirez 102 (US). Woods at
Las Palmas, between Medellfn and El Retiro, Sarmicnto 6 (GH, Med). Damp
woods near Santa Elena, between Medcllfii and Rionegro, Barkley, Araque &
Gdmez 406 (US); Barkley, Scolnik & Ramirez 522 (US). Dryish area 3 km. west
of Santa F6 de Antioquia, Scolnik, Barkley & Saiz 428 (US).
Caldas: Forests west of Rio Boquia, Salento, Killip & Hazen 8795 (GH, NY,
US). Thicket along stream, Rio San Raphael, below Ccrro Tatamd, Pennell
10347 (GH).
Cauca: Woods at Carpinterfas, between Ccrro Munchique and Cerro Altamira,
Percz-Arhdacz & Cuatrecasas 6183 (Col). Virgin forests near El Tambo, La
Costa, von Sneidern 624 (S) 700 (S) 958 (S)
; La Gallera, Mieay Valley, KilHp
; .
7G84 (GH), 7786 (GH). Virgin forest near El Tambo, Munchique, von Sneidern
711 (S). Shady place on the plateau of Popayfin, Lehmann 5601 (K). Rfo
Munchique, Garcla-Barriga, Ilawkes & Villarreal 12960 (US). Rfo Tambito,
.
Cerro dc Munchique, PSrez-Arhcldez & Cuatrecasas 6267 (US). Forest below

San Jos6, San An tome, PeîneW 7622 (Gil, NY, US). Popaydn, Yepes-Agredo
202 (US).
Cundinamarca: Mesa, 700 meters altitude, September 1855, Triana s.n,
(Col)
El Valle: Dense forests of La Cumbre, Killip 5099 (NY, S, US) Pennell & ;
Killip 5759 (Gil, NY, US). Woods at La Elsa, valley of the Rfo Digua, Cuatre-
casas 15303 (US), Monte La Guarida, above La Carbonera, between Las Brisas
and Alb^n, Cuatrecasas 22210 (T^S). Woods, near La Laguna, valley of the Rfo
Sanquininf, Cuatrecasas 15438 (US). Mount El Tabor, above Las Brisas, Cuatre-
casas 22266 (US). La Trojita, along the Rio Calima, Cuatrecasas 16444 (US).
Between La Elsa and Rfo Blanco, Rfo Digua Valley, Killip 35666 (US).
Tolima: Forests of Lfbano, Pennell 3397 (GH, NY, US).
VaupiSs; Soratama, between the Rfos Pacoa and Kananart, SchtiUes & Cabrera
12703 (US).
Without locality: Pennell & Killip 12131 (NY, US).
Endemic. The sdccIgs is usually found in morft less damp forests
more or loss
from 1.000 to 2.500 meters altitude. It has, however, been found as
meters trecasas 16444). The color of the corolla
om ^hite through pink or purplish. Pennell
gives a detailed description of the corolla of his No. 10347 while still
fresh: "Corolla: 2 posterior lobes arched and united (apex acute,
erect, distally purple); 3 anterior lobes of equal length, proximally
white, distally phlox-pink; throat anteriorly 2-ridgcd and with hori-
zontal processes white, with horizontal radiating areas on the ridges
of phlox-purple." The specific epithet comes from x^<>^P^^, green,
and (TT&xvs, spike.
3. Justicia ischnorhachis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 185

Sufrutex aliquando subscandens, caulibus subquadrangularibus,
glabris vol sursum bifariam puberulis, pilis parvis, retrorsc rccurvatis;
lamina foliorum lanceolata vol oblonffo-ovata vol elliotica. breviter
acuminata basi
tundata, aliquanto firma, Integra vel undulata, supra glabra vcl
in costa et vcnis lateralibus parce puberula, pilis subappressis, subtus
o prommcn
cystolithis (sub lente) conspicuis; petioli breves, glabri vel parco
puberuli; spicac terminalos ct axillarcs, pedunculis gracilibus, quad-
rangularibus (angulis leviter alatis), glabris vel bifariam hirtellis;
bractcae lanceolato-ovatae, acutae vel acuminatae, aliquanto firmae,
striato-vcnosac, hirtcllao, pilis patulis, rectis vel leviter curvatis;
bracteolae subulatae, ciliatae, glabrae, costa prominente hirtclla;
calycis scgmcnta subulata, apice filiformia, hu-tella, pilis patulis,
apice acutis vel cyathiformibus; corolla rubra vel rubro-straminea vel-
fusco-coccinea vol violacea, parce pubescens, pilis septatis, apice
acutis vel intcrdum cyathiformibus, tubo longo, anguste infundibuli-
formi, labio supcriorc ovato, crecto, apice acuto, inferiore oblongo,
;
plus minusve patulo, 3-lobato, stamina

glabra, lobis antherarum plus mmusve
glabrae vel parce puberulae, apice acutae; semina ovata, plana,
longitudinaliter rugosa, dilute brunnea, levia vel minute papillosa.
Jpollinaire ''D'*; Apollinaire

Figure \8S,—Justicia ischnorhachis Leonard (a-/, t, /, g, h,
branch showing infloreecence and leaves; h, bract; r, bractlet (side view)

**H") a. Tip
: of
segment;/, pubescence from margin of calyx segment;
d, bractlet, dorsal view; ^ calyx
anther; valve of capsule; seed, {a. Natural size; h-e, 3}i times
g, tip of corolla; h, i, /,
natural size;/, 16 times natural size; g, 1% times natural size; h, 5% times natural size;
t, twice natural size; j, 5 times natural size.)
sometimes becoming subscandent, up to 60

cm more: stems glabrous or the upper
more or less bifariously puberulous, the hairs up to 0.5 mm.
long, retrorsely curved blades lanceolate to oblong-ovate or
cm. lona: and 5 cm. wide, shortly to slcnd

obtuse or rounded at base or sometimes
moderately firm
or the costa and lateral veins (6 or 7 pairs) sparingly pubcrulous, the
hairs subapprcssed, the lower surface hkewise glabrous or sparingly
prommcnt
mod
mm
pubcrulous; spikes terminal and axillary, the uppermost spike some-
times forked or sparingly branched forming a loose panicle, slender, 3 to
12 cm. long, the peduncles slender, up to 7 cm. long, quadrangular,
the angles faintly winged, glabrous or hirtellous, the hairs arranged
more or less in two lines, up to 0.5 mm. long, the rachis slender,
subquadrangular, more or less flattened near the nodes, moderately
hirtellous; bracts lance-ovate, average size 4.5 mm. long, 2 mm.
wide, acute or acuminate, rather firm, striate-vcined (the costa and
lateral veins prominent), moderately hirtellous, the hairs rigid,
spreading, straight or slightly curved, up to 0.16 mm. long; bractlets
subulate, 5.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm, wide, ciliate, otherwise glabrous
except the costa, this prominent and sparingly hirtellous; calyx
about 8 mm up to 0.16 mm. long, more
some
0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender filiform tip
up to 3 mm. long; corollas red, reddish straw-color, dull crimson, violet
or reddish orange, sparingly pubescent, the hairs up to 0.2 mm.
long, more or less conspicuously septate, a few cyathiform hairs some-
times present, the corolla tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, gradually
enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip erect, 8 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide, acute at tip, the lower lip somewhat spreading, oblong, 3 mm.
wide, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 1.5 mm. long, the middle lobe 1.5 mm.
wide, the lateral ones 1 mm. wide, all obtuse; stamens exserted 5 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers 1.5 mm.
mm
mm. wide at base), one lobe 1.5 mm
1.25 mm. long; capsules clavate, 1 cm. long, 2 mm. broad, 1.5 mm.
thick, glabrous or sparingly pubcrulous, acute at tip; retinacula 1.5
mm mm
mm. wide. 0.5 mm
smooth or mmu
Type In theU. S. National Herbarium, No. 1830G60, collected at
Villavicencio, Intcndencia of Meta, Colombia, December 1928, by
Brother Apollinaire "D."
Meta: Cabuyaro, Sprague 12 (K). On boulders in stream bed, Cano Grande,

near Villavicencio, 700 meters altitude, Jan. 22, 1939, Haught2560 (US). Rich damp
rocky woods along the Rfo Guatiquia, vicinity of Villavicencio, 350 meters altitude,
Nov. 20, 1948,Araque-M, & Barkley 18M.018 (US). In primeval woods between
Salitre and Upin, January 1876, AndrS 1094 (K). Servita, 700 meters altitude,
Triana, s.n. (K, NY). Villavicencio, Bro, Apollinatre ''G'' (US); "H^' (US);
'T' (US); ^^J" (US); 500 meters, C uatrccasas 4:51S (US); 4709 (US) moist situation
;
in somishade, 1,600 feet altitude, February 7, 1948, Sandeman 5814 (K), Macizo
Renjifo, Cordillera La Macarena, 1,300-1,900 m,, Idroho & SchuUes 059 (US).
Norte de Santander; Valley of Rio Margua, between Junfn and C6rdoba,
920 to 1,240 meters altitude, November 22, 1941, Cuairecasas 13382 (US).
Justicia ischnorhachis can easily be recognized by its strongly

nerved green bracts and slender spikes of flowers. The specific
epithet is from the Greek lax^'osj slender, and p&xf-Sj rachis.
4. Justicia charadrophiia Leonard, sp. nov, Figure 186
Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum antrorse strigosis,
pilis subbrunneisj rectis vel leviter curvatis, rigidis; lamina foliorum
lanccolata, apice acuminata (apice ipso obtuso) , basi angustata^
aliquanto integra vel undiilata, supra glabra vel parce strigosa^
cystolithis saepo obscuris, subtus parce strigosa, pilis minutis, costa
et venis aliquanto prominontibus, cystolithis obscuris; petioli strigosi;
spicae terminalcs, aliquanto laxae, pedunculo et rhache hirsutis et
puberulis, pilis magnis ascendentibus, rigidis, rectis vel leviter curvatis,
pilis minutisj patulis vel rctrorse curvatis; bracteae lanceolatae,
acutae, conduplicatae^ hirsutae, pilis praecipue in costa et venis et
marginibus positis, rigidis, fere rectis, ascendentibus; bracteolae
lanceolatae, acutae, glabrae, planae, costa et marginibus hirtellis
segmenta 4, lanceolata, segmenta
exceptis, costa prominente; calycis
anteriora et posteriora quam segmenta lateralia latiora, graciliter
acuta, 3-nervata, extus hirtella, intus glabra; corolla purpurea, parce
hirtella, tubo anguste campanulato, labio suporiore suberecto, tri-
angulo-ovato, apice acuto, curvato, labio inferiore plus minusve

patulo, oblongo, apice 3-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus ; stamina
exserta, filamentis glabris, lobis antherarum leviter supcrpositis, lobo
suporiore fere horizontali, pilis dorsalibus rectis subalbidis praedito,
lobo inferiore glabro, recto, basi apiculato; ovarium glabrum.
Suffrutescent plants; stems subquadrangular, upwardly strigose, the
hairs brownish, straight or slightly curved, ascending to ap-
stiff,
prcssed, up to 0.75 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 14 cm. long

and 4 cm. wide, gradually narrowed from below middle to tip (the
tip itself blunt), narrowed at base, rather fu'm, entire or undulate,
the upper surface glabrous or sparingly strigose, the hairs stiff, ca. 0.75
mm. long, the cystoliths about 0.2 mm. long, often obscure, the lower
surface sparingly strigose but the hairs much smaller, about 0,38 mm.
—
long, the costa and moderately prominent

lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs)
beneath, obscure above, the cystoliths of the lower surface obscure;
petioles 0.5 to 1 cm* long, strigose like the stems; spikes terminal, up
to 6 cm, long and 8 mm. broad, rather lax, the peduncle 8 mm, long,
the lower mternode of the spike 5 mm. long, the other internodes
Figure 186. Justicia ckaradrophila Leonard {Idrobo 13 Schultes 1079): a. Tip of plant
showing leaves and inflorescence; J, portion of peduncle enlarged to show pubescence;
Cy bract and bractlet; dy posterior calyx segment; f, one of the lateral calyx segments;
/, anther, {a^ Natural size; £, about 20 times natural size; c, 6^ times natural size;
d^ fy 4 times natural size;/, 8 times natural size.)
successively shorter toward tip of spike, both peduncle and rachis

hirsute and puberulous, the large hairs ascending, stiff, straight or
slightly curved, up to 0.8 mm. long, the small ones spreading or re-
trorsely recurved, up to 0,13 mm. long; bracts lanceolate, 3.25 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide, acute, conduplicate, hirsute, the hairs mostly costal
and marginal, up to 0.57 mm. long, stitt, nearly straigat, ascenamg;

bractlets lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long, acute, flat, glabrous except costa
and margins, these bearing ascending slightly curved hairs up to 0.48
mm. long, the costa prominent; calyx 7 mm. long^ deeply segmented,
the segments 4, lanceolate, the anterior and posterior segments 0.75
mm. wide below middle, the lateral segments about 0.5 mm. wide, all
narrowed to a slender tip, deUcately 3-nervcd, the outer surface
mm
cm
mostly SDreadine:. straierht. up to 0.28 mm
cam mm. broad
mm. above base to 0.5 mm., thence enlar2:ed to 6 mm. at mouth
suberect, 1 cm. Ions:, 8 mm
more
mm
orbicular, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, rounded or subtruncate;
stamens exserted 7 mm. beyond mouth of the corolla tube, the fila-
ments glabrous, the anther lobes slightly superposed, the upper lobe
almost
mm. long, the lower lobe
attached
lobe
0.38 mm. long; style slightly longer than the stamens, the stigma
2-lobed, the lobes minute, rounded, one slightly longer than the other;
ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Type in the U. S, National Herbarium, No. 2025704, collected on
the bank of a quebrada on the Renjifo Massive, Cordillera La Maca-
rena (extreme northeast tip), Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 1,300
to 1,900 meters altitude, January 6-20, 1951, by Jesiis M. Idrobo and
Richard Evans Schultes (No. 1079).
The corollas of Justicia charadrophila arc strikingly similar to those
of Justicia cystolithosa Leonard. In other respects however the two
much
'
ly dissimilar. The
cm. lone: and 7.5 cm
numerous
from the Greek, xapdSpa, ravine, and d>iK6s
fond of, in allusion to its habitat-
6. Justicia oreopola Leonard, sp. nov. FicuRE 187

Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus vel deorsum subquadrangular-
ibus, dense hirsutis vel glabratis, pilis plus minusve patulis; lamina
foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata, basi acuta vel
subacuta, ahquanto firma, Integra, utrlnque hirsuta, cystohthis raris,
graciUbus, obscuris; petioli breves, dense hirsuti; spicac terminales,

—
sublaxac, pcdunculo hirsuto, rliache hirtello et liirsuto, pilis brevibus

et longis intermixtis; bracteae lanceolataOj ciliatac, bracteolae anguste
lanceolatac, parce hirsutae et ciliatae, costa prominente; calycis
segmenia anguste lanccolata, hirsuta et hirtella; corolla riibro-
4,
lilacina, aliquanto pubescens, tubo anguste hypocratcriformi, labiis
subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto, subacute (apicc ipso obtuso),
labio inferiorc cunciformi, S-lobato^ lobis ovatis, obtusis vel rotun-
FiGURE 187, Justicia oreopola Leonard (Pkiltpson^ Idroho i^ Jaramillo 2183): a^ Tip of
plant showing inflorescence and leaves; t, portion of leaf blade to show hairs of upper
surface; c, bract; J, bractlet, side view; e^ bractlet, dorsal view; /, calyx segment;
g, corolla; A, anther, {a, Natural size; b, 3 times natural size; c-f, 4 times natural
size; g, \}i times natural size; A, 5 times natural size.)
datis; stami filamentis lobis um

um
Herbs up to 1 meter bieh: stems
more
mm
acuminate, acute to subacute at base, moderately firm
mm
scattered and obscure: Detioles 5 to 8 mm
.
hii'sute; spikes terminal^ 2 to 4 om. long^ the lowermost internodes

about 5 mm. long, the others successively shorter towards tip of spike,
the peduncles 3 to 7 mm, long, hirsute, the rachis both hirtellous and
hirsute, the smaller hairs up to 0.8 mm. long, the longer ones up to
1 mm. longy all more or less spreading, straight or slightly curved;
bracts lanceolate, boat-shaped but not keeled, 3.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm.
wide, acute, the margins ciliate, otherwise glabrous, the hairs up to
0.38 mm. long, the costa prominent but not conspicuous; bractlets
lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long, 0,5 mm. wide, acute, sparingly hirsute and
ciliate, the costa prominent; calyx 8 mm. long,
the segments 4, narrowly
lanceolate, 0.75 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender
tip,moderately both hirsute and hirtellous, the marginal hairs up to
0.15 mm. long; corollas 3 cm. long, magenta, moderately pubescent
without, the hairs spreading, 0.28 mm. long, densely and retrorsely
hirtellous toward base, the hairs about 0.3 mm. long, the tube 1.5
mm, broad near base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm. at mouth,
the lips subcqual, about 6 mm. long, the upper lip ovate, erect, 9 mm,
long, 5 mm, wide, subacute (the tip itself blunt), the lower lip 3-lobed,
cuneiform, 11 to 12 mm, long, 7.5 mm. wide near base of lobes, the
lobes ovate, 2.5 mm. long, the middle one 3 mm. wide, the lateral
ones 2,5 mm. wide, all obtuse or rounded; stamens exserted 8 mm.
beyond mouth of corolla, the filaments glabrous, the anther cells
slightly superposed, attached obliquely to a flat connective 0,75 mm.
wide, the upper cell mm, long, nearly horizontal, hirtellous dorsally,
2
the lower cell 1.5 mm. long, nearly vertical, minutely apiculate at
about as long as the stamens, sparingly
base, both cells glabrous; pistil
and minutely hirtellous near base, the stigma minutely 2-lobed;
ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2025719, collected by
stream in dense damp forest on a connecting ridge in the central
mountains of the Sierra de la Macarena, Intendcncia of Meta, Colom-
bia, 1,450 meters altitude, January 21, 1950, by W. R. Philipson,
J. M, Idrobo, and R. Jaramillo (No, 2183). Isotype in the Harbarium
of the British ]Museum.
Justicia oreopola is allied in a general way to J. ischnorhachis
There is a noticeable similarity in the leaves and flowers of the two
species. J. oreopola can, however, easily be recognized by its much
denser spike and by its hirsute pubescence. The specific epithet is
from the Greek opeoiroXos, haunting mountains.

6, Justicia archeri I^conard, sp. nov. Figure 188
Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendcntibus, sursum plus minusve
bifariam hirtellis, pilis curvatis, deorsum glabratis, purpureis; lamina
foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata
388179—57 13
o ,;
(apicG ipso obtiiso), basi angustata et in petiolem decurrens, firma vel

submcmbranacea, intogra, utrinque glabra vel in costa et venis
lateralibus conspicuis parce liktclla, pilis curvatis, subappressis
petioli glabri vel parce hirtelli; spicae terminalcs, laxae, saepe paniculas
laxas formantcs, pedunculit^ quadrangularibus (angulis acutis)
bifariam hirtcUis, pilis sursum curvatis, internodiis panicularum
gracilibus, acute quadrangularibus, hirtellis, pilis curvatis, subap-
pressis, eglandulosis et patulis glandulosis intcrmixtis pracditis,
floribus sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis; bractoae et bractoolae
parvae, subulatao, subcarinatae, glabrae vel apice parce ciliatae;
calycis segmenta angustc laiiceolataj graciliter acuminata, aliquant
hirtella, pilis eglandulosis et pilis paucis glandulosis intcrmixtis
praedita; corolla aliquanto parva, pallide lilacina, parce et minute
pubescens, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore suberecto, anguste
ovato, apice bilobato, lobis parvis, labio inferioro patulo, trilobate,
lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina inclusa, glabra, lobis anthcrarum
leviter superpositis, lobo superiore obliquo, lobo inferiore fere recto,
basi apiculato; capsulae clavatae, parce et retrorse puberulae, rctina-
culis leviter curvatis, apice fimbriatis, planis; semina 4, ferruginea.
leviter planata, minute papillosa, basi obliqua.
Herbs up to 50 cm, long or more, erect or ascending, the stems
subquadrangular, the upper portions hirtellous, the hairs curved,
about 0.15 mm, long, arranged more or less in 2 lines, the lower portions
of the stem glabrate, purplish, the lower internodes 2.5 mm. in diam-
eter; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 7.5 cm. long and 3.1 cm.
wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowêd at
base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm to membranous,
entire, both surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral nerves (7 or 8
pairs) rather conspicuous and sparingly hirtcUous, tlie hairs curved,
subappresscd, up to 0.2 mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous
or sparingl}^ hirtellous; flowers borne in terminal lax spikes or terminal
panicles of lax spikes up
cm. long and 3 cm. broad, the spikes
to 10
up to 4 cm. long with rarely more than 4 flowers to each spike, tlie
peduncles up to 5 cm. long, quadrangular (the angles sliarp), bi-
fariousl^^ hirtellous, the hairs upwardly curved, up to 0.2 mm. long,
the lowermost internodes of the inflorescence up to 2 cm. long, the
others successively shorter toward the tip of the inflorescence, all
slender, sharply quadrangular, hirtellous with a mixture of small
curved hairs about 0,1 mm. long and spreading stouter straight
glandular ones up to 0.2 mm. long, the flowers sessile or borne on short
pedicels up to 1 mm. long; bracts subulate, firm, up to 3 mm. long
and 0.5 mm.
wide at base, subcarinate, glabrous or sparingly ciliate
near tip, the hairs rigid and toothlike, about 0.4 mm. long, the cysto-
liths prominent; bractlets similar to the bracts but often slightly
—
LEONARD THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, lU 507
longer; calyx 7 to 8 mm.

segmented nearly to base, the segments
long,
4, narrowly lanceolate, 0.75 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed
to a slender tip, moderately hii^tellous, the hairs slender, ascending,
nearly straight, intermixed with a few spreading slightly longer and
more rigid glandular ones, the cystoliths prominent; corollas pale
lavender, sparingly and minutely pubescent, 11 mm. long, the tube
1.5 mm. broad near base, narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 1.25 mm.,
about 3 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, the upper lip sub-
FiGURE 188. Justicia archeri Leonard (Archer 1640): a, Inflorescence; J, leaf; f, node of
inflorescence to show bract and bractlets; d^ portion of rachis to show pubescence;
fj tip of bract enlarged to show marginal hairs and cystoliths;/, calyx; g^ corolla; A,
anthen (a, b^ Natural size; r, 3 times natural size; d, 6}i times natural size; e^ twice
natural size;/, g, 3 times natural size; A, 16 times natural size.)
erect,narrowly ovate, 2.5 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed to

a rounded bilobed tip 1 mm. wide, the lobes about 0.25 mm* long,
the lower lip spreading, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 4 mm. long,
the middle lobe 3.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones 2.25 mm, wide, all ^
rounded at tip; stamens barely reaching the mouth of the corolla

tube, glabrous, the filaments slender, the anther lobes slightly super-
posed, about 0.75 mm. long and 0.25 mm. thick, the upper lobe
obliquely attached, the lower nearly vertical, minutely apiculate
at base; capsules l-seeded, clavate, 7 mm. long^ 2 mm. broad, 1.5

mm. thick, rather sparingly and retrorscly puberulous, the retinacula
1 mm, long, slightly curved^ thin and fimbriate at tip; seeds oval,
slightly flattened, reddish brown, L5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. broad,

about 0.25 mm. thick, oblique at base, minutely papillose.
La Sierra, 18 km. north of Medellin, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, 2,000 meters altitude, March 8, 1931, by W. A. Archer
(No. 1640).
Justicia archeri resembles J. leptophyllaLeonard in many respects
and is probably rather closely related to it. However, the paniculate
inflorescence of J. archeri^ with its mixed pubescence of straight
glandular hairs and shorter eglandular curved ones, differs from the
usually spicate inflorescence of J. leptophylla^ which lias no glandular
hairs.
7. Justicia blackii Leonard, sp. uov. Figure 189

Herl)a, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus,
glabris vel sursum bifariam puberulis, pilis curvatis ct subappressis,
nodis tumescentibus lamhia foliorum ovata vel late lanceolata,
;
breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi acuta vel obtusa, tenuis,
Integra vel undulata, glabra, costa parce hirtella^ costa et venis laterali-
bus obscuris, cystolithis pluribus et sub lento conspicuis; petioli
graciles, glabri vel parce puberuli, cystolithis pluribus, minutis et
parallelis; spicae graciles, terminales et axillarcs, pedunculis gracilibus,
subquadrangularibus, sursum planis, bifariam hirtellis, rhachibus
planis, glabris, parce hirtellis; bracteae lanceolato-subulatae, carinatae,
glabrae, costa prominente; bracteolae lanceolato-subulatae, glabrae;
calycis segmenta 4, lanceolata, glabra vel parce ciHolatae, costa
obscura; corolla extus alba, intus purpurea, glabra vel labiis intus
puberulis, tubo subcylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore
erecto, ovato, apice rotundato, labio inferiorc plus minusvc patulo,
3-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus, apice rotundatis; stamina vix
exserta, filamentis gracilibus, glabris, antheris glabris, connectivo
lato, planO; lobo superiore obliquo, inferiorc plus mmusve recto;
capsnlae clavatae, glabrae.
Erect or ascending herbs up to 40 cm. high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous or the upper portions puberulous in two lines, the hairs
curved and subappresscd, up to 0.15 mm. long, the nodes of the stems
swollen; leaf blades up to 9 cm. long and 2 J cm, wide, ovate to broadly
lanceolate, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), acute to obtuse at
base, thin, entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa sparingly hirtel-
lous, this and the lateral veins (about 5 pairs) faint, the cystolitlis
numerous and conspicuous under a lens, up to 0.2 mm. long; petioles
—
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLORIBU^ III 509
slender, 5 to 10 mm glab or sparingly puberulous, the

numerous, minute and parallel; spikes slender, terminal
cm. long:, 2 to 4 mm
mm
mm
mm
shorter toward the tip of the spike; bracts lance-subulate, 3 mm
lone, 0.75 mm, wide at base, carinate, glabrous, the costa prominent
Figure 189. Jusiicia hlackii Leonard {Schultes y Black 8697): a. Tip of plant showing
leaves and inflorescence; J, calyx; c, bract; J, bractlet; Cy corolla;/, anther, (a^ Natural
size; h-d, about 6 times natural size; ^, 3 times natural size;/, about 10 times natural
size.)
bractlets lance-subulate, 2 mmlong, 0-25 mm, wide near base, gla-
brous; calyx 2.75 mm. long, the segments 4, lanceolate, 0.5 mm, wide
near base, narrowed to a slender tip, glabrous, or sparingly ciliolate,
the costa obscure; corolla white externally, purple within, glabrous
or the inner surface of the lips puberulous, 12-14 mm. long, the tube
L5 mm. broad at base, subcylindrical, 2 mm. broad at throat, the
lips subequal, 3.5 mm. long, the upper lip erect, ovate, 2 mm. wide at
base, rounded at tip, the lower lip more or less spreading, 3-lobed,
the lobes suborbicular, about 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens barely
exsertcdj the filaments slender, flattened, glabrous, the anther lobes
attached to a flattened connective 0.75 mm. wide, the upper cell
oblique, 0.75 mm, long, the lower cell 0.5 mm. long, attached more or
less vertically, both glabrous; capsules clavate, 12 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
broad, 1.25 mm. thick, glabrous.
in the
alone the Lorctoyacu River, in the '^trapecio amaz6nico," Intendencia
of Amazonas, Colombia, about 100 meters altitude, September 1946,
by Richard Evans Schultes and George A. Black (No, 8317). SchuUes
cf: Black No. SG97, collected in the same general region, is also of this
species.
8. Justicia infelix Leonard, sp. no v. Fiourk 190

Ilerba vel suffrutex, caulibus breviter striatis, deorsum teretibus,
sursum subtetragonis, glabris vel aliquanto bifariam hirsutis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi acuta vel rotundata, in potiolum breviter decurrens,
aliquanto firma, Integra, glabra vel costa ct venis lateralibus obscuris,
plus minusve hirsuta, pilis curvatis, cystolithis parvis et obscuris;
petioli glabri vel aliquanto hirsuti; spicae terminales et axillares, plus
minusve laxae, pedunculo subquadrangulari, glabro vel aliquanto
hirsuto, pilis curvatis, rhache hirsuta; bracteae ovatae graciliter
acuminatae, glabrae vel pilos paucos ad apicem ferentes, costa non
prominente bracteolae anguste lanceolatae ad apicem grac
;
angustatae, carinatac, parce hn^sutae, pilis curvatis; calycis segmenta

4, lanccolata, parce hirsuta, costa prominente; corolla parva, aliquanto
hirtella, pilis patulis, tubo brevi, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore
ovato, apice truncato et leviter emarginato, labio inferiore puniceo,
cuneformi, trilobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis et leviter marginatis;
stamina vix exscrta, filamentis planis, sursum glabris, deorsum parce
hirtcUis, lobis anthcrarura leviter superpositis, lobo superiore hori-
zontali, margine dorsali parce hirtello, inferiori verticali; capsulae
clavatae, glabratae; scmina 4, apice truncata vel obtusa, basi oblique
cordata, subnigra, leviter verrucosa.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants up to 1meter higli; stems
shallowly grooved, the lower portions terete, the upper subtetragonal,
glabrous to moderately hirsute, the hairs more or less bifarious,
curved, up to 0.57 mm. long; loaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up to
10 cm. long and
cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself
5
blunt), acute to rounded at base and briefly decurrcnt on the petiole,
moderately firm, entire, glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (4
or 5 pairs) rather obscure, more or less hirsute, the hairs curved, 0,28 to
0.38 mm, long, the cystoliths small and obscure; petioles 5 to 10 mm.
—
longj glabrous to moderately hirsute; spikes terminal and axillary, 2 to

6 cm. longy cm. broad, rather loose,
1 the internodes up to 5 mm. long,
the peduncles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, subquadrangular, glabrous to mod-
erately hirsute with curved hairs 0,28 mm. to 0.38 mm, long, the
rachis hirsute with curved hairs 0.28 mm. long; bracts ovate, 3.5 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, slenderly acuminate, glabrous or bearing
toward the tip a few hairs 0.2 mm. long, the costa barely prominent;
bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 3.5 mm, long, 0,5 mm, wide at base.
Figure 190. Justicia infelix Leonard {Killip 35574): a, Portion of stem showing spike
and a pair of leaves; b, bract; bractlet; d, calyx; e, upper lip
<r, of corolla;/, lower lip of
corolla; g, anther; h, valve of capsule; t, seed, (a, Natural size; J, c, 3J^2 times natural
size; d^ 4 times natural size; r, /, 3 times natural size; g, 5 times natural size; A, twice
natural size; f, 3j>^ times natural size-)
gradually- narrowed to a slender tip, carinate, sparingly hirsute

dorsally with curved hairs about 0.2 mm. long, the costa not promi-
nent; calyx 7.5 mm. long, the segments 4, lanceolate, about 7 mm,
long, 0.75 mm, wide, sparingly hirsute dorsally, the costa prominent;
corolla 10 mm. long with a pink lower lip, moderately hirtellous, the
hairs spreading, about 0.2 mm. long, the tube 1.25 mm. broad at base,
enlarged to 2 mm. at 2.5 mm, above base and narrowed to 1,25 mm. at
middle, the throat 2.5 mm. broad, the upper lip ovate, 6 mm. long,
3 mm.wide at base, gradually narrowed to L25 mm. at tip, the tip

itself truncate and shallowly emarginate, tlie lower lip cuneiform,
6 mm. long, 7 mm. wide at base of lobes, the lobes 3, ovate, 3 mm.
long, the middle lobe 3,5 mm. wide, rounded and shallowly emarginate
at tip, the lateral lobes 2 mm. wide, rounded, the lip swollen and
plaited in throat of corolla; stamens exscrted 2.5 mm. beyond mouth
of corolla^ the filaments flattened, glabrous toward tip, bearing a
few hairs about 0.1 mm. long, the anther cells attached to a flat
connective 0.5 mm. wide, slightly superposed, tlie upper cell 1 mm,
long, horizontally attached, the lower one slightly shorter, vertically
attached, sparingly hirtellous dorsally, the hairs about 0,11 mm. long;
capsules 4-seedcd, slenderlj^ clavate, 1 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, 1.75 mm.
thick, glabrate; retinacula 2 mm. long, shghtly curved, the tip thin,
obtuse; seed ovoid, 2,5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, 1 mm. thick, truncate
or obtuse at tip, obliquely cordate at base, dark blackish brown,
verrucosa
Type in the U.National Herbarium, No. 1772277, collected at
S-
Cisneros, in a thicket along the Rio Dagua, Department El Valle,
Colombia, 300 to 500 meters altitude, Alay 5, 1939, by E. P. Killip
(No. 35574). Also of this species are Haught's No. 6383 (US),
collected at an irrigation canal take-off along the Rio Saldana, Depart-
ment of Tolima, altitude 400 meters, March 23, 1949, and Percz-
ArbeMez & Cuatrecasas' No, 6372 (US), coHected in woods at the
Hacienda Valparaiso, Zarzal, near Bugalagrande, Department El
Valle, 1,020 meters altitude, July 20, 1939.
Jvsticia infelix is related to J. polygonoides H. B. K., but can be
separated by its relatively broader leaf blades, broader bracts, larger
cal^^ces and corollas, and hirsute rachiscs. The specifLC epithet
appearance of the plant.
refers to the nondescript, wced}^
Haught's plant was a very slender undershrub, 40 cm, high, found
growing on igneous rocks where water often overnowod; the flowers
were purple wdth lighter lines. The color of the corolla of Killip's
collection is not stated.
0. Justicia pleurolarynx (Blake) Leonard

Dianthera pleurolarynx Blake, Contr. Gray Herb, n. Kcr. 53: 51. 1918. Type
collected at Puerto Cabello, State of Carubobo, Venezuela, Juno 14, 1917, l^.y
H, N. Curran & M. Haman (No. 1145).
Justicia pleurolarynx (Blake) Leonard, Fieldianaj Bot. 28: 56L 1953.
Branching herbs stems subquadrangular bifariously hirtellous,

; ,
the hairs retrorsely curved, up to 0.2 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, usually up to 4 cm. long (occasionally as much as
7 cm.) and 1,5 cm. wide, acute to acuminate (the tip itself obtuse to
subacute), narrowed to rounded at base, moderately firm, entire,
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, tlie hairs confined chiefly to cost a
and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs), curved, up to 0.32 mm. long, the cysto-
liths usually obscure; petioles 3 to 4 mm. long, hirtellous; spikes
solitary or in pairs, terminating the branches, rigid, straight or slightly
curved, up to 7 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, moderately dense, the ped-
uncles usually 0.5 to 2 cm. long, and rachis bifariously hirtellous;
bracts and bractlets subulate-acuminate, 1.5 to 3.5 mm. long, 0.5
mm. wide at base, sparingly hirtellous; calyx 4-parted, the segments
linear-subulate, 6 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide near base, sparingly to
rather densely hirtellous, the costa and a pair of lateral veins rather
prominent; corolla 9 mm. long, hirtellous, the tube 3.5 mm. long, the
hairs more or less spreadins:, up to 0.2 mm. long, the upper lip narrowly
lamellate
•lobed
the palate plicate-lamellate, papillose; stamens about 3 mm. long, the
anther lobes rounded, obliquely attached to a relatively broad flattened
connective 2 mm. broad and about 0.5 mm. thick; capsule clavate,
10 mm. long, glabrous, 4-seeded; seeds ca. 1.7 mm. long, densely
papillose.
The specific epithet is from the Greek words irXeupa, rib, and Xapvy^,
throat, alluding to the plicate-lamellate lower lip of the corolla.
Cundinamarca: Jerusalen, P^rez-Arbeldez 587 (US).
10. Justicia polygonoides H. B. K.

Justicia polysjonoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:232. 1817. Type collected
along the Cauca River between PopayAn and Cartago, Colombia, by Hum-
boldt and Bonpland. Photograph US (Field Miis. No. 39429.)
Rhyliglossa polygonoides Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 353. 1847. Based on Jus-
ticia polygonoides H. B. K.
Herbs or suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high; stems ascendhig,

usuallv much branched, subquadranffular, hirtellous, the hairs more
mm
cm
cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate
mo
glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (4 to 6 pairs) hirtellous, the
hairs curved, about 0.5 mm. long, tlie venation rather prominent
beneath, less so above, the cystoliths more or less conspicuous under
a lens, up to 0.28 mm. long; petioles up to 10 mm. long, glabrous to
moderately hirtellous; spikes terminal and axillary, slender, rather
lax (the intcrnodes about 5 mm. long), up to 14 cm. long and 5 mm.
broad, the peduncles slender, up to 15 mm. long, these and the rachises
puberulous in two lines; bracts subulate or narrowly lanceolate, 3.5

mm. lone:, 1 mm
mm
)
mm. loner. 0.5
base, sparingly ciliate; calyx 4-parted, deeply segmented, rather

sparingly hirtellous, the segments narrowly lanccolatej 5.5 to 7 mm.

long, 075 mm. wide, acuminate, ciliate; corolla violet-pink or rose,
minutely hirtellous (the hairs about 0.1 mm, long, straight or slightly
curved), 11 mm. long, h5 mm, broad at base, enlarged to 175 mm,
at 2 mm. above base and again narrowed to 1.25 mm. at 5 mm, above
base, the throat 2.25 mm. broad, the upper lip erect, ovate, 5 mm. long,
2 mm, wide, rounded at tip, the lower lip cuneate, more or less spread-
ing, 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide near tip, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, about
1.25 mm. long and wide, rounded; stamens exserted about 2 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla, the filaments glabrous, the anther
cells slightly superposed, the uppermost and larger cell 1.25 mm. long,
attached somewhat obliquely, the lower (0.75 mm. long) attached
vertically, both cells glabrous; capsules clavate, 1 cm. long, 3 mm.
broad, 1.5 mm. thick, the retinacula unguiform, 1,25 mm. long,
rounded and thin at tip; seeds (immature) suborbicular, flattened,
tuberculato,
Justicia polygonoides occurs at elevations between 75 and 1,400
meters. The leaf blades of Holton's 594 are much wider than those of
typical specimens. Haught states that the leaves of his No. 4953
were red beneath.
Humboldt's type had white flowers lined with violet and calyces
with 5 segments. In other respects both the description and photo-
graph of his type agree reasonably well with the material cited here,
Nees, in his description of Ilhytiglossa polygonoides^ states definitely
that the calyces are 4-parted, as they are in all of the specimens I
have seen. Since the bracts and calyx segments are quite similar
it would be easy to mistake the number of segments. The corollas
of the species are typically violet or pink.
J. polygonoides may
be closely related to the Mexican J. hreviflora,
a species usually with much larger flowers, broader leaf blades, and
larger heavier spikes.
Antioquia: Sandstone rocks along the Rfo Mulatos \\hvve submerged rather
frequently, vicinity of Turbo, Haught 4953 (US).
BoLfvAR: Forests of Boca Verde on the Rfo Sinti, PenncU 4206, in part (NY).
Cauca: La Paila, HoUon 594 (GH, NY).
Cundinamarca: La Palma, along the road to Pacho by the Rfo Murca, Garcla-
Barriga 12381 (US).
El Valle: Vicinity of Zaragoza, Cuatrecasas 22770 (US). Low forest east of
Zarzal, Pennell, Killip & Hazan 8414 (GH, NY).
Tolima: In pastures, Armero, Cnatrccasas 10524 (US).
Without definite locality: MiUis 725 (US).
11. Justicia fuchsiifolia Leonard, sp. nov. Fioure 191
Suffrutex,caulibus subquadrangularibus (angulis rotundis), plus
minusve bifarlam hirtellis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, acuta vel breviter acuminata,
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, m 515
basi angustata, aliquanto firma, Integra, marginibus recurvatis,

utrinque plus minusve buUata, supra glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
hirtellis exceptis, pilis curvatis, ascendentibus, subtus glabra vel in
costa et venis pubescens, cystolithis obscuris vel deficientibus; petioH
breves, hirtelli; paniculae terminales, laxae, floribus secundus, pedun-
culis et pedicellis (brcvibus) quadrangularibus, pilosis vel hirtellis;
bracteae et bracteolae parvae, triangulares, acutae, ciliolatae; calyces
glabri vel apice parce puberuli, segmenta 3 posteriora adnata vel apice
plus minusve disjuncta, segmentum elliptico-ovatumacutum formantia,
segmenta 2 anteriora lanceolata, acuta; corolla aliquanto magna
puberula, tubo labio superiore
erecto, bilobato, lobis triangularibus acutis, labio inferiore 3-lobato,
stamma
rum leviter superpositis, lobo inferiore calcarato, filamentis glabris
ovarium glabrum
meters high; stems subquadrangular
rounded angles, hirtellous,the hairs retrorsely curved, up to 0.5
mm. long, more or less bifariously arranged; leaf blades oblong-ovate

or oblong-elliptic, up to 6 cm, long and 2.5 cm. wide, acute to short-
acuminate, narrowed at base to an obtusish lobulate base, rather firm,
mar
moderately
mm
the lower surface glabrous or the venation sparingly and finely
pubescent, both surfaces more or less bullate, the cystoliths obscure or
mm long, hirtellous; flowers secund, borne
racemes (up to 2 cm. long and broad),
in termuial panicles of short loose
the peduncles up to 2 cm. long, subquadrangular, pilose, the hairs
spreading or retrorse, up to 0.5 mm. long, whitish, the lowermost
intcrnodes of the panicle about as long as the peduncles, the others
successively shorter toward the tip of the panicle, the pedicels 1
to 1.5 mm. long, more or less -hirtellous ; bracts triangular, 2 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide at base, acute, ciliolate, the hairs about 0.5
mm. long; bractlets similar to the bracts but slightly narrower

and longer; calyx campanulate, about 13 mm. long, glabrous or
bearing a few hairs at tips of the segments, usually 3-parted, the
3 posterior segments adnate (except sometimes at tip) forming an
ovate-elliptic segment 6 mm. wide, this acute, the 2 anterior segments
separate nearly to base of calyx, lanceolate, 3 mm. wide near base,
acute; corolla 3.5 to 4 cm. long, yellow, puberulous, the tube 4 mm.
broad at base, narrowed to 2 mm. at 5 mm. above base, thence
gradually enlarged to 7 mm. at subequal, ciliolate,
mouth, the lips
17 mm. long, the upper lip elliptic, 6 mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes
triangular, acute, about 1 mm. Ions: and broad, incurved, the lower
lobed, about 8 mm. wide near base

mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, obtuse, apiculate; stamens
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the anth lobes slightly
superposed, 3 mm. long, mm.
broad, glabrous, the lower lobe
1
calcarate at base, the filaments glabrous; pistil reaching the tips of the
corolla lips; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Figure 19l.~-Justicta fuchsnfolia Leonard {Cuatrecasas, Schultes ^ Smith 12511): a, Tip of

branch showing inflorescence and upper leaf bladesj b, one of the lower stem leaves
(imdcr surface); c, calyx; d, anther, (a, b. Natural size; c, slightly less than twice
natural size; d, 3 times natural size.)

woods between Alto del Loro and Alto de Santa Ines, Sarare Region,
Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, 1,800 to 2,200 meters
altitude, October 18-21, 1941, by J. Cuatrecasas, R. E. Schultes &
E. Smith (No. 12511).
Kalbryer 1171 (K)
Pamplona, Department
The loose paniculate inflorescence of pedicelled yellov/ flowerSj the

relatively large campanulate irregular calyces and the firm subbullate
leaf blades of Justicia fuchsiifolia mark it as an easily recognized
species. It apparently has no close relatives.
On his label Kalbreyer described the plant as a ''soft-wooded shrub
3 to 6'; leaf stiff dark green; fl, yellow/'
12, Justicia neurochlamys Leonard^ sp, nov. Figure 192

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus,
bifariam hirsutis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata vel
lanceolata, acuta vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi
acuta vel rotundata, aliquanto firma, Integra vel undulata, supra
glabra, subtus hirtella, pilis curvatis, cystolithis raris et obscuris,
venis vix prominentibus; petioli breves, hirtelli^ pilis curvatis; spicae
terminales et lateralcs, bracteis imbricatis et quadrifariis, pedunculis
brevibus, aliquanto dense hirtellis^ pilis curvatis, rhache hirtella, pilis
curvatis; bracteae viridcs, ovatae, subacutae, basi obtusae, supra

glabrae, subtus puberulae, pilis curvatis, marginibus ciliatis, costa et
venis lateralibus et venulis prominentibus; bracteolae
reticulatis
virides, oblongo-lanceolatae, utrinque acutae, supra glabrae, subtus
pubcrulae calyx parvus, tubo anguste alato, segmentis anguste
;
lanccolatis(apicem gracilibus) subhyalinis, hirtellis et ciliolatis,

,
segmento posteriorc subulato, parvo, costa prominente; corolla alba,

sursum
erccto, oblongo, acuto, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, cuneiformi
3-lobato, lobis stamina exserta, filamentis gracilibus
rotundatis;
subhyalinis, lobis antherarum obliquis, glabris; ovarium glabrum
cm, hie:h, erect or ascendme:, stems
mm
cm, loner and 2,5 cm
acuminate
base, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous,
the lower moderately hirtellous with curved hairs up to 0.16 mm,
long, the cystoliths usually scattered and obscure, the venation scarcely
prominent (lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs) but more so beneath than above;
petioles 3 to 10 cm. long, hirtellous with curved hairs; spikes terminal
and lateral, 2 to 5 cm. long, 8 to 10 mm. broad, the bracts imbricate
and quadrifarious, the peduncles about 5 mm. long, rather densely
hirtellous with curved hairs, the rachis hirtellous with hairs 0.2 mm.
long; bracts imbricate, green, and ovate, about 10 mm. long, 5 mm.
wide, subacute, obtuse at base, the upper surface glabrous, the lower
moderately puberulous with curved hairs about 0.1 mm. long, the
margins cilia te with straight or curved hairs up to 076 mm. long, the
costa. lateral veins (5 pairs), and coarsely reticulated veinlcts promi-
—
nent, especially on the upper surface where not obscured by the pubes-
cence; bractlets green, oblong-lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 1.5 mm. \\ade,
acute at both ends, the pubescence and venation that of the bracts;
calyx 5 mm. long, the posterior segment subulate, about half as long as
the other 4, the calyx tube glabrous, triangular in cross section, the
angles narrowly winged, the segments narrowly lanceolate, subhyaline,
moderately hirtellous and ciliolate, the hairs up to 0.25 mm. lonsr. the
Figure 192. Justicia neurochlamys Leonard {Garcia-Barriga 14096) a, Tip of plant to show
:
inflorescence and leaves; b, a hair from stem; c, bract; d, bractlet; e, calyx;/, calyx
segment; g, anther, {a, Natural size; h, about 40 times natural size; c, d, lî times
natural size; (f, twice natural size;/, 5 times natural size; g, 13 times natural size,)
mm
mm
letube 1.5 mm. broad at base, 1,75 mm, broac
arrowed 1 mm. at middle, the throat 2 mm. bi
mm. long, the upper lip erect, oblong, 0.75 mm
p more or less spreading, cuneiform, 3 mm. w
le lobes about 3 mm. loner, tiie middle one a
lateral ones 1 mm. wide, all rounded; stamens exserted 2.5 mm

beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the filaments slender, subhya
line attached to a flattened connective
mm. wide, the unner cell 0.75 mm
stamens
glabrous; ovary glabrous.
Type in the National Herbarium, No. 2057245, collected
U. S. ;
Soratama, on the Rio Apaporis between the RIos Kananarl and Paco
Intendencia of Amazonas, Colombia, 250 meters altitude, Decemb
15-19, 1951, bv H. Garcia-Barriga (No. 14096).
iga's 13653 (C
ris. Amazonas meters
November 22, 1951, is also of this species.
Justicia neurochlamys resembles and is probably very closely related
to J. chlorostachya Leonard. However, the former can be readily
recognized by the delicate white corollas and by the puberulous upper
surface of the bracts. The corollas of J. chlorostachya are pink or
pale violet and the bracts are essentially glabrous on both surfaces.
The specific epithet is from the Greek, vcvpov, nerve, and x^^^f^^^^, bract
13. Justicia rhodoides Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 193
Herba, caulibus ramosis, plus minusve patulis, subquadrangularibus,

obscure sulcatis (sulcis viridibus), aliquanto dense puberulis, pilis
cum
amma
ma
mmusve
this utrinque conspicuis; petioli graciles, breves, hirsuti; flores axil-
lares, solitarii vcl in spicis parvis praediti, pedunculis brevibus et
rhachibus puberulis; bracteae subulatae parvae, extus puberulae,
intus glabrae, costa aliquanto prominente; calycis segmenta 5, in-
acqualia, 1 minutissima, subulata, 4 maiora anguste lanceolata,
omnes gracilitcr acuta, puberula; corolla aliquanto parva, rosea,
pubcrula, pilis fere patulis, tubo corollae cylindrico, basi expanso,

lobis corollae ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, glabra,
lobis antherarum leviter superpositis, basi obtusis; capsulae clavatae,
aliquanto dense puberulae, pilis patulis vel basi retrorsis; rctinacula
late cucullata, apice rotundata; semina suborbiculata, plana, muricata.
Herbs up to 50 cm. high, branched and more or less spreading;
stems subquadrangular, faintly sulcate (sulci green), rather densely
puberulous, the hairs variously r mm
the cvstoliths uarallel and. if n
cm
rowed from near base to an acute or subobtuse tip, obtuse or rounded
nf bfi«p Rnd brii^flv doniirrent on the Detiole. moderately firm, undulate,
drying green, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirsute (the

hairs ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long) except the costa and lateral
veins (4 or 5 pairs), these moderately liirsute, the lower surface similar
to the upper except slightly more hirsute, the venation of both surfaces
moderately conspicuous, the cystoliths prominent, up to 0.2 mm.
long; petioles slender, up to 4 mm. long, hirsute; flowers sessile in the
axils of the leaves or borne in small axillary spikes up to 1 cm. long.
Figure 193.—Justicia thodoides Leonard {a-e, k, Smith 1358, collected Nov, 29;/, g, Smith
1358, collected June 6): a, Tip of plant; b, portion of stem enlarged to show pubescence
and cystoliths; c, portion of the under side of a leaf blade enlarged to show pubescence
and cystoliths; d, bract; c, calyx;/, corolla; g, anther; k, capsule valve, (a, Natural
size; b, 6 times natural size; c, 5 times natural size; d, 8 times natural size; ^, 7 times
natural size;/, A, 3 times natural size; g, 9 times natural size.)
the peduncles up to 2 mm. long, slender and like the racliis puberulous;
bracts subulate, up to 2.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at base, the
outer surface puberulous, the inner glabrous; bractlcts similar but
smaller; calyx deeply segmented, the segments 5, subulate, 4 large
and one small, the larger ones 3.5 to 4 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at
base, the small one 1 mm. long and 0.2 mm. wide at base, all gradually
narrowed to a slender tip and puberulous; corolla 12 mm. long, rosy,
puberulous, the hairs mostly spreading, up to 0.2 mm. long, the

corolla tube slender, tubular, 0.75 mm. in diameter, abruptly expanded
at base to 2.5 mm., the lips ovate, about 4 mm. long, probably about
1.25 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens barely exserted, about 3 mm.
long, glabrous, the anther lobes slightly superposed, one 1.25 mm
long, the other, 0.75 mm. long, botli Wunt at case; capsuies ciavaic,
up to 9 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad and about 0.75 mm. thick, rather
densely puberulous, the hairs spreading or, towards base of the capsule,
rctrorsely ascending, up to 0.17 mm. long; rctinacula about 1 mm.

long, broadly cucullate, rounded at tip; seeds suborbicular, flattened.
muricate.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 703897, collected in dry
forest 3 to 5 miles north of Bonda, Santa Marta Mountains, Depart-
ment of Magdalena, Colombia, 100 to 300 feet altitude, November 29,
1898, by Herbert H. Smith (No. 1358). Isotypes: PH, NY, S.
One specimen of the type number was collected June 6 (NY),

presumably in the vicinity of Bonda.
Justicia rhodoides resembles and is probably very closely related to
the West Indian J. sessilis Jacq. That species has, however, sparingly
fe
puberulo
number, are much less puberulous, becoming
maturity
Smith states that this plant was common
time. His
specimen
e ruined
_ in the process of gluing, rendering dissection im-
possible; consequently, the corolla lobes and lips could not be de-
scribed. The specific epithet is from the Greek word poSoeiSrfi,
meaning in allusion to the color of the flowers.
14. .Justicia daidalea Leonard, sp. nov.

Figure 194
Herba ascendens, caulibus quadrangularibus, aliquant© dense

pubcrulis,pilis re trorse cur vatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica vel
elliptica vel ovata, apice rotundata vel late obtusa, basi acuta, vel
obtusa vel subcordata, aliquanto firma, integra, supra glabra,^ viridi-
maculosa, subtus hirsuta, pilis curvatis, ascendentibus, praecipue in
costa et venis lateralibus prommentibus positis, cystolithis proniinenti-
bus; petioh aliquanto breves et crassi, hirsuti; spicae terniinales,
simplices vel basi furcatae, pedunculis et rhachibus retrorse hirsutis;
bracteae parvae, triangulares, acute, glabrae vel in costa prominente

hirsutae; bracteolae parvae, lanceolatae, acutae; calycis segmenta
anguste lanceolata, plus minusve glabra, costa et marginibus ciliata;
corolla parva, parce pubescens, punicea, tubo subcylindrico, labiis
subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto, anguste ovato, labio inferiorc
388179—57—14
trilobate lobis oblongis* apice rotundatis: stamina

,
glabra, lobis antherearum valde superpositis, lobo

patulis
curvata, apice plana semina (immatura) subbrunnea
subcordata, leviter tuberculata
Figure I9i.—Justicia daidalea Leonard {Haught 1603): Tip of plant showing leaf and
a.
lower part of inflorescence^ i, node of inflorescence showing bracts, bractlets and calyx;
c, bract; d, one of the calyx segments; e, anther, (a, Natural size; b, about !}{ times
natural si7.e; c, d, 8 times natural size; e, 10 times natural size.)
Trailing or ascendent herbs up to 30 cm. high, rather densely

mm
cm. Ions: and 2 mm
obovate, up to 9 cm
d 5,5 cm
obtuse or slightly cordate at base, moderately firm, entire, the upper

surface glabrous, mottled green, the cystoliths prominent, up to 0.28
mm. long, the lower surface hirsute, the hairs curved, ascending, up
to 0.5 mm. and lateral veins (6 or 7
long, confined chiefly to costa
pairs), these prominent on both surfaces but more so beneath than
above, the cystohths prominent; petioles rather stout, up to 1.5 mm.
long, hirsute; flowers borne in simple terminal lax spikes up to 18 cm.
long, these sometimes branched, bearing a pair of lateral spikes near
the base, the peduncles up to 5 cm. long, retrorsely hirsute, the
pubescence that of the stems, the lowermost internodes of the spikes
cm
stems
3 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide at base, acute, mostly glabrous except the
costa, this stout and more or less hirsute; bractlets lanceolate, about
3 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, acute; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, deeply
segmented, the segments 5, narrowly lanceolate, four of these 5 mm.
long and 0.75 mm. wide at base, the other 3.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide at base, all glabrous except the costa and margins, these hirtellous
and ciliate with hairs about 0.2 mm. long; corolla pink, rather sparingly
hu-tellous, 10 to 12 mm. long, the tube subcylindric, 1.5 mm. broad
at base, 2 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subcqual, 6 mm. long, the
upper lip erect, narrowly ovate, about 2 mm. wide, the lower lip
spreading, 3-lobed, mm
stamens
mm. from
by the connective, rounded at base, the lower lobe strongly calcarate,
mm. loner: cansules clavate, about 1 cm
mm. broad and 1,5 mm
mm. lone; retmacula 1,5 mm
(immature)
mm
Herbarium
Camp Puente, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, in the Magdalena
Valley between the Kios Sogomoso and Colorado, Department of
Colombia
Ha
Haught in the vicinity
of Puerto Bcrrio, between the Rfos Carare and Magdalena, Santander,

100 to 700 meters altitude, March 25, 1935, is also of this species,
Justicia daidalea is very closely related to Justicia steyermarkii
w
como — w
555. 1953) from Venezuela (type collected in Yaracuy). Justicia

cm. m
ncignt; iti
mottline: so promi
!nt in J, daidalea] the inflorescence is much smaller

e spikes rarely exceeding 4 cm. in length; and the corol
stead of pink.
No dissection could be made of the few corollas nr
specimen
from the Greek 5at5dXeos. curiously \vro
mottled
15. Justicia aethes Leonard^ sp. nov. Figure 195
Suffrutcx humilis. dense ramo:
' i
—— -^ — " — — »^ -— Q ^«--*v-* * »^ ^*.*^ 1 v..^
deorsum teretibua, puberulis, pilis valdc recurvatis;

lamina foliorum
ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi angustata, in pctiolum
decurrens, integra, aliquanto tenuis, supra viridis (sicca), glabra
vel subglabra, costa parce hirtella, subtus cano-viridis (sicca), puber-
ula, cystolithis pluribus et sub lente conspicuis; petioli graciles, parce
puberuli; spicae solitariae ramos terminantes, aliquanto laxae, ped-
unculis quadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis curvatis; bractcae et
bracteolae similes et subaequales, subulatae, puberulae, ciliolatae;
calycis segmenta 5, subulata, segmentum anterius reductum, pubcrula,
ciliolata, costa prominente; corolla (immatura) pallido- purpurea, basi
glabra, sursum puberula, labiis subacqualibus, labio superlorc ovato,
rotundato, labio inferiore 3dobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina vix
exserta, lobis antherarum superpositis, lobo superiore obliquo, inferiore
recto, filamentis glabris; capsulae clavatae, parce puberulae; semina
plana, suborbicularia, nigra, muricata.
Low, densely branched shrubs up to 60 cm. high; stems subquadran-
gular, or the lower portions terete, pubcrulous, the hairs strongly
recurved, about 0.1 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, 3 to 8 cm. long, 1.3
to 3 cm. wide, short-acuminate or acute, narrowed at base and de-
current on the petiole, entire, rather thin, the upper surface drying
green, glabrous or nearly so or tlie costa soarindv hirtcllous. tlip, lowf^r
mm
ing or those of the costa somewhat longer, the venation faint but
more prominent beneath than above, the cystohths numerous and
conspicuous under a lens, up to 0.28 mm. long; petioles slender, 5 to
13 mm. long; spikes solitary, terminating the branches, 3 to 6 cm.
long, about 5 mm. thick, the internodes 2 to 4 mm. thick, the peduncle
5 or 6 mm. long, quadrangular, puberulous with curved liairs; bracts
and bractlets similar and subequal, subulate, 4 mm. long, about 1
mm. wide at base, puberulous, ciliolate, the costa prominent; calyx
segments 5, subulate, 4 of them 5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base,
the anterior segment rudimentary, 1.5 mm. long, all puberulous and
ciliolate, the costa prominent; corolla (immature) 8 mm. long, light
purple, puberulous except the lower glabrous portion, the lips sub-
equal, 4 mm. upper lip ovate, rounded, the lower 3-lobed,

long, the
the lobes rounded; stamens barel}^ exserted, the anthers superposed,
075 mm. long, the upper one obliquely attached to a flattened con-
nective 0.25 mm. wide, the lower vertically attached, the filaments
glabrous; capsules clavate, sparingly puberulous, 7 mm. long, 2 mm,
broad, 1 mm. thick; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, thin and rounded at
tip; seed flattened, suborbicular, black, muricate.
Type in theNational Herbarium, No. 1709421, collected
U. S.
along stream in dense forest along the Caiio Blanco, 7 km. southeast
Figure \9S.—Justicia Leonard {Ilaugh 3632): a^ Tip of branch showing leaves and
aethes
inflorescence; hy section of stem to show pubescence; r, calyx; dy bract; ^, bractlet; /,
tip of calyx segment to show hairs; g^ anther; A, valve of capsule, (a, Natural size;
t, 3y2 times natural size; c-e^ 3 times natural size;/, 8 times natural size; g, 6 times
natural size; hy 2}^ times natural size.)
of Rio La Jagua, Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 200 to 300

meters altitude, August 21, 1943, by Oscar Haught (No, 3632).
Justicia aethes, though closely related to J. polygonoides, can be
easily recognized by its puberulous stems, leaves, and spikes and by
the peculiar rudimentary anterior calyx lobe. The specific epithet is
from the greek a7}dr}Sj peculiar.
16, Justicia chrysocoma Leonard, sp, nov. FinuRE 196
Frutex erectus, ramosus, caulibus crassis, subquadrangularibus,
late 4-sulcatis, dense hirtellis vel subtomentosis, pilis aureis, curvatis;
lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata
btusa
fill
molliter
pilis aureis, curvatis, costa ct venis proininentibus; petioli dense
tomentosi, pilis aureis; paniculae terminales, pedunculis crassis et
internodiis panlciilaruin dense hirtellis vel subtomentosis, pilis aureis,
curvatis, ramis panicularum asccndentibus, floribus et bracteis
secundis, densis; bracteae oblongo-ovatae, acutae vel subacutae,
subhyalinae, saepe roseae, extus puberulae, intus glabrae; bracteolae
lanceolatae, subacutae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, intus
glabra, extus puberula, costa et venis obscuris; corolla rosea, pubescens,
basi glabra, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiorc erecto, ovato,
integro, obtuso, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis;
stamina exserta, filamentis planis, glabris vel deorsum parce hirtellis,
lobis m leviter superpositis^ subparallclis, lobo inferiore
calcarato; capsulae clavatae, tenuiter hirtellae; retinacula apice
truncata; semina plana, papillosa.
Slender erect, much-branched shrubs up to 6 meters high; stesm
stout, obtusely quadrangular, broadly 4-sulcate, densely hirtellous
or subtomentosc, the hairs golden yellow, variously curved, up to
0.75 mm. long; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate, ud to 25 cm. lone^
cm
moderately firm, entire or undulate; the upper
mod
mm
prominent but less so
minute ("about 0.2 mm
subtomentose
mm. lonsf; netioles ud to 8 cm
tomentosc
sometimes
10 to 20 cm. long and 6 to 8 cm. broad, more or less narrowed to tip;
peduncles stout, these and the internodes of the inflorescence golden
brown hirtellous or subtomentose, the lowermost nodes of the inflor-
escence nroducinp^ small leaf blades, the brnnchnR of thp, inflorpsnonr.p'
crowded more
mm
mm. wide, acute or subacute, narrowed to 2 mm
subhyaline, usually pink, puborulous without (the hairs up to 175/x
om
mm
similar to the bracts; calyx 8 to 12 mm. long, deeply
I segments lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, acute, the
glabrous, the outer puberulous with papilliform hairs,
the costa and lateral nerves obscure; corolla pink red, mod
erately and finely pubescent except the glabrous basal portion (the
hairs up to 128ju long, the pointed ones intermixed with a few stouter
Figure 196.—Justicia chrysocoma Leonard, a-g {Killip ^ Smith 16797) and Justicia rohrii
Vahl, h-m ^Killip y Smith 21100): a, Tip of plant showing inflorescence and leaves;
A, bract; c, bracttet; J, calyx; e, pubescence from margin of bract;/,

corolla; g, anther;
A, bract; i, bractlet;/, calyx; k, pubescence from margin of bract; /, corolla; m,

anther.
i(a, Half natural size; h-dy h-j, twice natural size; ^, 12 times natural size;/, /, natura
sze; g, 3}^ times natural size; k, 10 times natural size; m, 3 times natural size.)
glandular ones), up to 35 mm, long, the tube 3 mm. broad at base,

enlarged to 4 mm. and reduced to 3 mm. at 4 mm. above base, thence
gradually enlarged to 4 or 5 mm. at mouth, the lips subequal, 12 to
15 mm. long, the upper lip erect, ovate, about 8 mm. wide at base,
obtuse at tip, the lower lip stroiigly recurved, about 5 mm. wide near
tip, 3-lobcd, the lobes ovate, 3 to 5 mm. long, obtuse or rounded, the
middle one 2 mm. wide, the lateral ones slightly narrower; stamens
exserted, reaching tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the filaments
adnate to the corolla tube about 5 mm. below its mouth, glabrous
flat,
or bearing a few minute hairs near base, the anther lobes slightly
superposed, nearly parallel, 2 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad, the lower
cell ending in a blunt whitish tail about 0.5 mm. long and 0.25 mm.
broad; pistil sliglitly shorter than the stamens, sparingly and minutely
hirtellous; capsules clavate, 15 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick,
fmety hirtellous, the hairs about 125jli long, those at the tip spreading,
the others retrorse; rctinacula 2 mm. long, flatand truncate at tip;
seeds suborbicular, flattened, about 2.5 mm. broad and long, strongly
papillose.
Type in the
a thicket between Surata and Cahfornia, Department of Santander,
Colombia, 1,740 to 2,000 meters altitude, January 8-11, 1927, by
E. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith (No. 16797). Iso types: GH, NY.
Magdalena: Forest near stream above Manaure, 800 meters altitude, Haught
3947 (US). Cincinati, Giacomelto SO (US).
Santander: Woods between El Roble and Toma, 1,500 to 1,900 meters,
KiUip & Smith 19391 (GH, NY, US). Thicket in the Rfo SuratA Valley,
between El Jaboncillo and Suratd, 1,500 to 1,800 meters altitude, Killip &
Smith 16462 (GH, NY, US).
JusHcia chrysocoma is closely related to J. rohrii, the inflorescences

of the two species being quite similar in general appearance. Several
striking differences exist, however. In J. chrysocoma, the leaf blades,
especially on the lower surface, the petioles, stems, and internodes
of the inflorescence are densely subtomentose with golden hairs,
the bracts, bractlets, and calyces, as well as the internodes of the
inflorescence, bear no patelliform hairs, and the corollas are pink or
red. On
the other hand, in J. rohrii the stems are minutely puber-
ulous, the leaves are almost, if not entirely, glabrous, the bracts,
bractlets, and calyces, as well as the internodes of the inflorescence,
bear, in addition to the pointed hairs, some terminating in large
orm rJ^
rh ere
is also a marked differetice in size. The plants of J. rohrii rarely
exceed 2 meters in height, whereas those of J. chrysocoma may reach
as much as 6 meters.
The characters delineating J. chrysocoma are not so well marked
in Haught's No. 3947. A fair percentage of the hairs of the inflores-
cence is patelHform, and the tomentum is neither so dense nor of so
;
golden a yellow as in typical specimens. Haught's plant seems to

be intermediate between J. chrysocoma and J. rohrii.
The specific epithet, chrysocoma, is from the Greek xpvc^^KOfôh
golden-haired.
1 7. Justicia chrysea Lcouaid, tip. nov. Figure 197
Herba, caiilibus subquadrangularibus (angulis rotundatis) dcorsum

i-otrrivco ruiKnrnllci vrI crlnbT-fltis. Dilis curvatis. suisum hirsutis, pilis
mmusve
amma foliorum
acuminata, basi obtusa vel acuta, aliquanto firma, Integra, supra
hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus vel subappressis, fulvis, subtus hirsuta,
pilis praecipue in costa et venis prominentibus positis, cys toll this
supra minutis et inconspicuis, subtus pluribus et conspicuis; petioli
hirsuti; rami apice dense aureo-hirsuti, pilis patulis, longis; pedunculi

terminales, solitarii, quadrangulares, dense aureo-hirsuti, apice furcati
d
bracteae firmae
m
firmae. subulatae, carinatae, ciliatae: calycis segmenta
triangularia, graciliter acuta, sursum ciliata; corolla pallide lilacina,
sum glabra, sursum

lobato
atis; stamina vix exserta, lobis antherarum superpositis, glabris,
suberectis, lobo inferiore basi calcarato; capsulae (immaturae) clav-
atae, sursum puberulae, deorsum glabrae; retinacula levitcr curvata,
apice anguste cucullata.

Herbs; stems subquadrangular with rounded angles, the lower parts
retrorsely puberulous or glabrate, the hairs curved, about 0.1 mm.
long, the upper portions hirsute, the hairs straight or slightly curved,
sDreadinsr or more or less retrorse, yellowish brown, up to 1.5 mm.
cm
and 4 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself subacute),
obtuse or acute at base, moderately firm, entire, the upper surface
moderately hirsute, the hairs ascending or subappressed, up to 1.5
mm
prominent
less so above, the haii's similar to those of the upper surface, the
cvstoliths minute and obscure on the upper surface, more numerous
m
more
leaves glabrate or puberulous, the tip of the branches densely golden
hirsute, the hairs mostly spreading and up to 1.5 mm. long; peduncles
terminal, solitary, up to 7 cm. long, quadrangular, densely hirsute
with golden spreading or slightly retrorse hairs up to L5 mm, long,

branching at tip and producing 1 to several spikes up to 5 cm. long
mm broad, the rachis, hke the peduncles, densely hirsute;
firm, lanceolat e mm. long, L25 mm
Figure 197 ,—Justicia chrysea Leonard {Cuatrecasas 13731): a, Tip of plant showing
in-
florescence and leaves; h, bract; c, one of a pair of bractlets and the calyx;
d, hairs on
margin of bractlet; e, anther, {a, Natural size; b, c, 4 times natural size; d, 26 times
natural size; e, 8 times natural size,)
from below middle

marmns
mo those near base up to mm the others
mm
ominent, flanked marginal nerves: bractlets firm
subulate, 6 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide

spreading or ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long; calyx 5.5 mm
gments narrowly triangular, 0.75 mm. wide
from
glabrous )
mm. lonsr: corolla (im
mature) lisht lilac, about 6 mm

rather densely so, the upper lip triangular-
hirsute above, tbe lips
ovate, acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes about 1 mm. long,
of the subequal lips, the lobes super-

rounded; stamens reaching the tip
glabrous, the mm.
cells sub-
posed, about 1 mm. long and broad, 0.5
connective, the lower cell calcarate at base.
vertically attached to the
mm
stamens, the stigma minute; capsule (immature) about
:^lavatc, the upper half moderately puberulous, the lower
|^\^J.XU. k^ViJ^ %^*.^ j^-^- ^^^-- ^ _ — ^

mm
curved, narrowly cucullate; seed not seen.
Herbarium, No. 1852681, coUccted m
the valley of the Rio Anchicaya, Qucbrada del Danubio, Department
of EI Valle, Colombia, 300 to 350 meters altitude, December 20,
J
because
golden stiffish hairs, especially those clothmg the branchlets. The
specific epithet is from the Greek word, xP^'o-ôs, golden.
18. Justicia chaetocepfcala (Mildbr.) Leonard, comb. nov.
Notizblatt Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 70. 1930.
Beloperone chaetocephala Mildbr.
La Portada, Santa Marta,
Type in the Berlin Herbarium, collected at
Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 250 meters altitude, December 23,
1926, by Arnold Schultze, No. 679. Photograph US (Field Mus. No. 8925).
Name is from x^Î-tv, hair, and KtâX^, head.

Slender, sometimes half scandent shrubs up to 1.5 meters high;
4-sulcate, glabrous to moderately puberulous,
stems subquadrangular,
the hairs curved, subappressed, about 0.25 mm. long; interuodes 1 to
9 cm. long; leaf blades elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 12 cm. long,
1 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute to obtuse at base, moderately firm,
entu-e or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or the costa puberulous,
the cystoliths numerous and conspicuous under a lens, the lower sur-
face more or less minutely punctate, sparingly to moderately puberu-

the cys-
lous, the hau-s up to 0.5 mm. long, spreading or ascending,
than above, the costa and lateral veins
toliths usually less conspicuous
(5 to 7 pairs) more prominent than above; petioles rather slender, up to
flowers borne in crowded terminal subcapitate

3 cm. long, puberulous;
lower bracts usually foliaceous, lanceolate, about 2 cm. long
corymbs;
and 5 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate; upper bracts linear-filiform, up
to 4 cm. lon2. 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide, more or less triangular in cross
section, rather densely hirtellous, the hairs ascending, 0.5 mm. long,
sometimes a few additional gland-tipped hairs present; bractlets
but mm. long, deeply seg-
men
mm
cm
glandular-pubescent, the hairs 75 to 150m long, the tube 2.5 cm. long,
I at 4 mm. i
mm. at mou
mm
mm. lone. 0.75 mm
cm. lone:, the lobes
cm. long and 7 mm
exserted about 12 mm. beyond mouth of corolla tube, the filaments
glabrous; anther cells widely divergent, slightly superposed, the upper
cell horizontal, 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, muticous
at base, the lower
cell 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
broad, the basal spur white, blunt, 0.3 mm.
long, the connective about 1 mm. broad; pistil exserted J
cm. beyond
mouth of corolla tube, glabrous; ovary glabrous.
Endemic. Limited to damp forests or thickets of Magdalena.
Haught's No. 3716 was collected at 300 meters altitude. Vageler's
No. 22, a paratypc probably in the Berlin Herbarium, was cited by
Mildbracd. This was collected in a forest at Banco, Department of
Magdalena.
Magdalena: Road to east from about 60 km. northeast of Cluriguand,
Bccerril,
Hanghi 2302 (US). Forest of Cerro Chimichagua, about 4 km. north of Chimi-
chagua, Haught 2360 (US). Damp forest near Codazzi, Haught 3716 (US).
Forests near La Jagua, 40 km. northeast of Chiriguand, Cyril Allen 028
(GH)-
Haught 2283 (US); Haught 3G45 (US). Bushland, lower Magdalena, Daive 440
(K, US).
Without locality: Mutis 3904 (US).
19. Justicia croceochlamys Leonard, sp. nov.
Figure 198
Herba vel sulTrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel
sursum biiariam
vel brevitcr acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata
ct m
um
prommentibus; petioli glabri; thyrsus tcrminalis, subhelicoideus,
pedunculis et internodiis infloresccntiac quadrangularibus, bifariam et
retrorse hirsutis; bracteae infimae foliaccae; bractcac cymas
subten-
dentes graciliter lanccolatae, glabrae vel parce hirsutae; bracteae llores
subtendentes miformcs, longae, flavae, graciliter striatae, parce ciliatae;
bracteolae bracteis similes scd longiores; calycis scgmenta flava,
lanceolata, graciliter acuta, striata, ciliata; corolla longa, alba,
parce
glanduloso-pubescens, tubo subcyUndrico, intus basI dense hirsuto
labiis baequalibus, labio superiore erecto, oblongo apice

minus\'
longis, apice rotundatis; stamina exserta, in labio antico corollae
um
ovarium glabrum
croceochlamys Leonard {Cuatrecasas 7383): a, Tip of plant to show

Figure \9%—Justicia
blade (under surface) in detail to show
inflorescence and leaves; h, portion of leaf
bractlets; d, one of the calyx segments; e, anther, {a, b. Natural

venation; c, bract and
size; c, d,' iVi times natural size; e, about 3 times natural size.)
-^ -F ' ^ ri
Herbs or suffrutescent plants up to 70 cm. high; stems sub quad-

glabrous or the tips bifariously strigose,
rangular, the angles rounded,
mm cm
long and 7 cm. wide, subacute to acuminate (the tip itself
blunt), narrowed to base and decurrent on the petiole, firm, undulate,

glabrous, the costa, lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) and veinlets prominent,
but more so beneath than above; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous;
flowers borne in terminal subhelicoid thyrsi up to 7 cm. long and 5 cm.
wide, the peduncles about 1 cm. long, these and the internodes of the
inflorescence (the lowermost
cm. long, the others successively
1
shorter) quadrangular, enlarging at tip, bifariously and retrorscly
hirsute, the hairs about 0.75 mm. long, whitish; bracts subtending
the lowermost cymes Icaflike, about 3 cm. long and 1 cm. wide,
cm. long and
mm
filiform, up to 3 cm, lonn and 0,5 mm
striate, sparingly ciliate, the hairs up to 1 mm. long; bractlets
similar to the bracts but somewhat lonircr; calyx yellow, 18 mm. lontr.
tube about 1 mm
wide below middle to a slender tip, finely
0.75 mm, long; corollas about 4 cm.
•-pubescent without, white, the tube
subcylindricah about mm
mm.
aboyc base
at base, the lips subequal, the upper lip erect, oblong-oyate, G mm.
emai
3-lobed nearly to the base, the lobes oblong, about 4 mm, wide,
stamens
superposed
mm. long, the lower nearly yertical, about 5 mm. long
calcarate, t le tail 0.5 mm. lone^. botli lohpa nilnsa ÎnrRollv nvoT-i
National Herbarium
Grande, Comisari
meters altitude. Noyemb
(No, 7383).
No, 1579 (BM
humid
Intendcncia del Meta, 450 meters altitude, November 26, 1949,
The relatively long and very slender yellow flower bracts serve
to distinguish Justicia croceochlamys^ which apparently has no close
relative in Colombia, The specific epithet is from the Greek kp6k€os,
yellow, and x^ctjuus, bract.
20. Justicia bracteosa (Mildbr.) Leonard, comb. nov.

Beloperone bracteosa Mildbr, Notizblatt Bot, Gart, Berlin 11: 69. 1930-
Type in the Berlin Herbarium, collected at Aracataca, at the southern base
Nevada de Santa Marta, Department of Magdalcna, Colombia,
of the Sierra
50 meters altitude, December 17, 1925, by Arnold Schultze (No, 234)*
Photograph US (Field Mu3. No. 8923), The specific epithet, hradcosa,
alludes to the conspicuous bracts.
Erect, sparingly branched leafy shrubs up to 2.5 meters high; stems

quadrangular, glabrous or finely puberulous, 4-sulcate (herbarium
material), the internodes 1.5 to 8 cm. long and 4 to 6 mm. in diameter;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 28 cm, long and 12 cm. wide, acumi-
nate, acute or the larger leaves obtuse at base, moderately firm, entire
or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or minutely appresscd pub-
erulous, the hairs 0.25 mm, long, the lower surface glabrous or nearly
so. the cystoUths of both surfaces obscure, 125 to 150/i long, the
prominent
cm
mm
cm, broad, usually acute at tip, one or more
smaller
cm
mm, wide near base, filiform-acuminate
thin, entire, finely^pubescent and^^ciliate, the hairs white, ascending,
about 0.5 mm. long, the costa rather prominent, the lateral veins
obscure; bractlets similar to the bracts but somewhat narrower and
shorter; calyx about 10 mm. long, deeply segmented, the segments
lanceolate, 7 to 8 mm. mm.
wide, acuminate, thin, greenish-
long, 1.5
white, softly and rather densely pubescent, except the glabrous
basal portion, the hairs ascending, up to 1 mm. long; corolla lemon-
vpIIow CPennell'l. 25 to 33 mm. Ions:, the tube 2 mm. broad at base,
mm. at 2.5 mm
mm
mm. Ions:, 5 mm
mm
wide near gradually narrowed to base, 3-lobcd, the lobes sub-
tip,
equal, up to 2.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens 15
mm. long, adnate to corolla tube slightly below mouth, the filaments
glabrous or minutely and sparingly hirtellous near base, the anther
mm. Ions: and 0.5 mm
mm
mm
ma minute
.
capsules clavate, 13 mm. long, 3.5 mm. broad, 3 mm

mm
the others retrorso; retinacula about 2 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide,
flattened and truncate at tip; seed ovate, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad
near base, narrowed to a rounded tip. muricate.
Vernacular names: "Crcsta de gallo" {Bro. Elias) and "gaUito"
{Schultze)
Justicia hradeosa is 'usually found in wooded regions at rather
low altitudes (mostly from 20 to 500 meters). The densely bractcd
slender panicles, although greenish in color, nevertheless very con-
spicuous, according to Haught.
Atlantico: Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 1498 (US). Woods at Hacienda Riodulce,

Los Pendales, Dugand & Jaramillo 4096 (US). Luruaco, ApoUnar-Angel 488
(US); Bro. Elias 496 (Bog, US). Pioj6, Bro. Elias 670 (US). Arroyo del Higii-
er6n, Usiacurf, Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2272 (US). UsiacurJ, Bro. Elias
1180 (US).
BoLfvAR: Bueiiavista, east of Siiu*c, Pcnnell 4021 (Gil, US). Cartagena,
Bro. Heriherto 27Q (US): Bro. Hilar ino-Ang (US). dm
Maodalena: Rarro Blanco, Ilnvght 4750 (US). Damp woods near Valledupar,
Haught 3928 (US).
Saxtander; Bucaramanga, Sandernan 5999 (K). Roadsidu north of Pescadero,
on the Rfo Sogamoso, Steere 7095 (US). Dry .sandy bank of lllo Chicamocha,
Arague-M. d: Barklcy 18S.275 (US).
21. Justicia chaponensis Leonard, sp. no v. Figure 199

Herba, caulibus ercctis,subquadrangnlaribus, sulcatis, sulcis in-
conspicuis, puberulis et etiam pilosis, pilis magnis rectis, late patentibus,
badiis, et parvis subapprcssis, curvatis intcrmixtis; lamina foliorum
lanccolato-elliptica, apice acuta, basi angustata et in petiolem breviter
decurrens, firma, undulata, supra dense pilosa, pilis asccndentibus,
badiis, costa puberula et etiam longc pilosa, subtus pilosa, mar-
ginibus ciliata, costa et vcnis utrinque promincntibus, cystolithis
obscuris vel nullis; pctioli aliquanto crassi, pilosi; spicae plures,
axillares velterminals, erectae vel ascendentos, floribus dcnsis et
secundis, pedunculis brcvibus, rhachibus puberulis et etiam longe
pilosis, pilis longis, patulis, badiis; bracteae quadrifariae, dorsalcs
steriles, vcntralcs flores subtendentes; bracteae steriles lincares,
pilosao, pilis longis, fere in marginc positis, badiis;
bracteae flores
subtendentes late elliptico-obovatae, cuspidatae, firmae, parce pilosac
et dense ciliatae, pilis plus minusve patulis, badiis;
bracteolae
anguste linearcs, dense ciHatae, pihs longis patulis, badiis; calycis
segmenta 5, lanceolata,
acuminata, parce hirtella et ciliata, pilis
asccndentibus, costa obscura; coroUae desunt; capsulae clavatae,
basi glabrae, apice hirtellae, pilis patulis vel retrorse appressis.
Herbs up meters high; stems erect, subquadrangular, in-
to 1.6
conspicuously sulcate, both puberulous and pilose, the longer hairs
mostly spreading, straight, up septate mm

but not
conspicuously so, the smaller ]iairs recurved and subappresscd, up to
cm, long and t) cm
V decurrent on th*
petiole, firm, undulate, the upper surface rather densely pilose, the
hairs ascending, similar to those of the stem as are also the additional
small curved hairs of the costa, the pubescence of the bwer surface
Figure \99.^Juslicia chaponensis Leonard {Lawrance 60): a, Node sliowmg mflorescence
portion of stem enlarged to show pubescence; c, a hair from the stem;

and leaves; h,
valve of capsule, (a, Half natural size; b, twice
d, bract and bractlet; e, calyx; /,
natural size; c, 10 times natural size; d, 3 times natural size; e, 5 times natural size;
/, 3 times natural size*)
similar to that of tlie upper except for the absence of the small curved
mar
(lateral veins 9 to 10 pairs) rather prominent, the veinlets coarsely
mmute
sometimes lacking;; petioles up to 1-5 cm
several pairs produced at each node, up to 12 cm. long and about 1 cm.
broad, the flowers secund, rather crowded, erect or ascending; ped-
uncles up to 1 cm. long, pilose; rachis both pilose with long spreading
388179—57 15
hairs and puberulous with short curved subappressed ones; dorsa

bracts sterile, linear, pilose, the hairs up to 3.25 mm. long, mostly
marginal, more or less spreading, brown; ventral bracts' broadly ellip
tic obovate, long-cuspidate, 12 mm. long, 4 mm. w4de, acuminate
rather firm, sparingly pilose and densely ciliate, the hairs more or less
ram
mm, loner. 0.5 mm
milar to those of the bracts; calyx 5 mm. long, deeply segmented
mm
gradually narrowed to a slender tip, sparingly hirtellous and ciliate,
mm
mm. long, 3 mm
mm
toward tip,the hairs spreading or retrorse and subappressed, up to 0.2
mm. long; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, obtuse and more or less fimbriate
at tip; seeds not seen.
Type in the U.
S.
thick low forest in the region of Mount Cliapon, Department of
Boyacd, Colombia, "3,500 feet" altitude. May 27, 1932, by A. E.
Lawrance (No. 60). Isotype: GH,
JiLsticia chaponeiisis is closely related to and resembles in some
respects J. hyperdasya and J. pampolystachys. The leaf blades of
these species are more of an ovate shape and the bracts subtending
the flowers arc larger, elliptic or suborbicular in shape, and obtuse
and apiculate at the tip.
No be found on either of the two sheets cited, but
corollas could
according to the label notes they were mauve with purple stripes.
They are probably small in size and somewhat similar to those of
the two related species,
22. Justicia unguiculata Leonard, sp, nov. Fioure 200

Herba recta, parce ramosa, basi aliquando decumbens, caulibus
subquadrangularibus (angulis rotundatis), sursum bifariam pilosis,
pilis longloribus patulis et pilis minutis recurvatis intermixtis, dcorsum
aliquando glabratis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuta vel
acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi acuta, aliquanto tenuis, Integra
vel undulata, supra glabra vel parce hn-tella, pihs apprcssis, praccipue
in costa et venis positis, subtus hirsuta ct hirtella, pilis in costa et
venis longis, plus minusve patulis, pihs intercostalibus minutis
appressis, cystohthis minutis, subpunctiformibus petioh pilosi;
;
spicae terminales et axillares, erectae vel ascendentes, laxae, floribus

secundis, rhachibus bifariam et minute strigosis pilis longioribus
parvulis mtermixtis; bracteae suborbiculares, apice obtusae vel
rotundatae, apiculatae, basi unguiculatae (unguiculis gracilibus),
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIAj III 539
ciliatae, pilis longis, patulis; bracteolae subulatae, glab

segmenta parva, acuminata, glabra
apice ciliata; corolla parva, lilacina, minute pubescens, tubo sub-
cylindrico, labio superiore erecto, trianguli-ovato, apice bilobato,
minutis, rotundatis, labio infenore plus mmusve

trilobato rotundatis: stamina vix lobis
Figure 200* -/:
plant showing inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of leaf blade (under surface) to show
pubescence; c, bract; d, bractlet; e, calyx;/, corolla lips; g, anther, (a, Natural size;
b, about 2}i times natural size; c, twice natural size; d, 3 times

natural size; e, 4 times
natural size;/, 3J^ times natural size; g, 6 times natural size.)
antherarum superpositis, rectis, glabrls, lobo inferiore basi calcarato;

capsulae parvae, clavatae, glabrae; retinacula curvata, apice tenuia,
leviter cucuUata, erosa; semlna suborbicularia plana, brunnea,
tuberculosa.
Herbs up to about 30 cm. high, erect or sparingly branched, some-
times decumbent at base, the stems subquadrangular (the angles
rounded), piloso, the hairs up to 2 mm. long, these intermixed

minute retrorsely recurved hairs, both kinds of hairs more o
ometimes
blades oblono:-ovate, ud to 15 cm
acummate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed from
b
m
Imed to the costa and lateral veins, up to 0.48 mm. long, appresscd,
the lower surface hirsute and hirtellous, the hairs confined to costa
and lateral veins, more or less spreading, up to 1.5 mm. long, tliose of
the intercostal areas up to 0.38 mm. long and appresscd, the venation
(lateral veins 8 to 10 pairs) scai'cely prominent, the c^'Stoliths
(?)
minute and subpunctiform; petioles up to 1 cm. long, pilose; flowers
secund, borne in rather lax spikes up to 6 cm. long and 1 to 1.5 cm.
broad, these forming terminal leafy panicles usually up to about 6 cm.
broad, the spikes erect or ascending, the internodes of the inflorescence
(lowermost up to 14 mm. long) and rachiscs bifariously and minutely
strigosc with additional spreading brownisli hairs (up to 2 mm. long-)
present in more or less abundance; bracts subtending the flowers
loosely imbricate, suborbicular, about 6 mm. in diameter, obtuse or
rounded and apiculate at apex, unguiculate at base (the claw slender,
4 to 5 mm. long), ciliate, the hairs spreading, mostly up to 1.5 nmi.
long, the flat surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (usually
2
pairs) minutely and sparingly strigose; bractlets subulate, barely
0.5 mm. wide, thin, glabrous except the piloso tips; calyx 4 to 5 mm.
long, deeply segmented, the segments lanceolate, 0.5 mm.
wide,
acuminate (the tips slender), glabrous or bearing a few scattered
hairs; corolla about 14 mm. long, lilac, miiuitely pubescent, the
tube
about 1.5 mm.
broad at base, 3.5 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip
erect, triangular-ovate, 3 mm. wide at base, gradually naiTowed
to
tip, this bilobate, the lobes about 0.25 ram. long and
wide, rounded,
mor
mm
at tip; stamens exserted about 2 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla
tube, the anthers 1.75 mm. long, the lobes superposed, vertically
attached to the connective, glabrous, the lower lobe calcarate, the
tail about 0.25 mm. long, blunt; capsules clavate,
1 cm. long, 3 mm.
wide, 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, the
tip
rounded, tlihi, shallowly cucullate, crose; seed suborbicular, about
mm
Herb
Villavicencio,Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, July 12, 1945, by
Helen Schiefer (No. 813A).
Also of this species are Helen No. 813 (GH) collected

Scliiefer's
with the type and Cuatrecasas' No. 13198 at El Banco, at the con-
fluence of the Rios Cubugon and Cobaria, in the region of Sarare,

noT.nT'KTr.ont nf Nnvic. f\p SflntfinHpT. altitudc 320 meters, November
15, 1941.
amone: other Colombian
species by its conspicuous ungulate ciliated bracts. These are strik-
higly similar to those of Jacobinia axiologa but are much smaller.
The closest relative is probably Justicia pilosa (Nees) Lindau of
Peril. This it resembles in many respects, especially as to the
inflorescences. The ovate leaf blades of the Peruvian species however

much smaller, the uppermost
ra
tip. In size they rarely exceed 5 cm. in length and 2.5 cm. in
mu
cm. wme ana u often slenderly acuminate.
o re
The specific epithet, unguicvMa, alludes to the unguiculate or

clawed bracts.
Justicia pampolystachys Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 201
23.
subquatlrangularibus (angulis rotundatis), pilosis,

Frutex, caulibus
pilis brunneis, patulis vel ascendentibus, longis; lamina fohorum
uminata
vel ascendentibus, subtus ahquanto dense pilosa, cystoUthis

appressis
obscmis; petioli dense spicae
pilosi; plurcs, terminales et axillares,
secundis, rhache hirtella, pilis curvatis;

imbricatae, bracteis imbricatis,
bractoae suborbiculares, apiculatac, basi cuncatae,
glalM-ae vol supra pilos paucos ferentes, marginibus dense ciliatis,
pilis patulis, brunneis, nitidis, septatis;bractcolae lineari-subulatae,

apice longe ciliatae, deorsum glabrae; calycis scgmenta lanceolata,
paullo era, costa gracili corolla
apice subulata, glabra vel apice pilif ;
subaequalibus, labio superiore ovato,

caerulca, hirtella, labiis
labio infcriore patulo, 3-lobato, lobis
apice rotundato, emarginato,
vix exscrta, filamentis planis,
suborbiculaiis, rotundatis; stamina
submcmbranaceis, costa conspicua, lobis antherarum superpositis,
clavatae, parvae, glabrae vel apice
loculo inferiorc calcarato; capsulac
retinacula apice tenuia, anguste cucullata.
parce hirtellao;
subquadrangular (the angles rounded and separated
vShrubs; stems
the hairs brown, spreading or
by 4 narrow light brown grooves), pilose,
ascending, up to 4 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, up to 10 cm. long and

the tip blunt, narrowed at base, rather
5 cm. wide, short-acuminate,
sparingly pilose, the hairs
thin, entire or undulate, the upper surface
K^^.,.r. oT^T^T-nQcorl nr noppriflino-. un to 2.25 mm. lonsT, the lower surface
more densely pilose with similar hairs, the costa and lateral veins (6
to 8 pairs) barely conspicuous, the cystoHths obscure above, more
prominent beneath; petioles up to 2 cm. long, densely pilose with long
hairs; spikes numerous and crowded, terminal and in the axils of the
upper leaf blades, 6 to 8 cm. long, 13 to 14 mm. broad, the bracts
closely imbricate, secund, the rachis slender, hirtellous, the hairs
curved, about 0.5 mm. long; bracts suborbicular, about 8 mm. in
diameter, apiculate, the apicula about 1 mm. long, abruptly narrowed
to a small cuneate base, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, thin, glabrous or the upper
surface bearing a few brown hairs up to 2 mm. long, the margins
-'^''^
Figure 201.—Justicia pampolystachys Leonard {Klug 1724): a, Portion of plant showing

lower part of the inflorescence and a leaf blade; b, bract and bractlet; c, a trichoma
from
margin of bract; d, calyx; e, corolla;/, stamen (a, Half natural size; A, e, twice natural
size; c, 13 times natural size; d, 4 times natural size;/, 6 times natural size.)
densely cihate with spreading nitid brown hairs up to 3 mm. long and
mm
mm
long, the segments lance-subulate, thin, glabrous or bearing 1 to
mm
mm. loner, mo
mm. Ions:, the tube 2 mm
1.5 mm. at middle, the throat 3 mm. broad, lips subequal, 5 mm
long, the upper lip ovate, 3.5 mm.
wide at base, narrowed to a roundec
emarginate tip, the lower lip broadly cuneate, 7 mm. wide near tip
3-lobed, the lobes suborbicular, rounded, the middle lobe 3.25 mm
LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, HI 543
wide, the lateral lobes 2.25 wide; mm.

stamens attached near throat,
the filaments 4 mm. long, flattened, membranous, terminating a

slender vascular strand, the anther cells superposed, the upper about
mm above the lower, or the cells contiguous, the upper cell
mm. long, the lower 1 mm. long, the base tipped by a blunt white
0.5 mm. long; capsule clavate, about 6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad
1.5 mm. thick, 4-seeded, glabrous; retinacula 1 mm. long, thin
narrowly cucuUate at tip; mature seed not seen,

^pe in the U. S.
jt in the vicinity of Umbria, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia,
meters altitude, October to November 1930, by G. Klug (No.
1724).
specific epithet is from the greek words, rhuiroXvs very many,
and cTTCLxvs, spike.
Figure 202
24. Justicia hyperdasya Leonard, sp. nov.
ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus, sulcatis,
Herba, caulibus
longis, patulis, nitidis,
bifariam subtomentosis etiam pilosis, pilis
septatis, brunneis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata

angustata, membranacea, undulata, supra
(apice ipso obtuso), basi
ascendentibus, subtus dense pilosa, cystolithis
aliquanto pilosa, pilis
breves, dense pilosi, pilis longis, patulis,
obscuris vel nuUis; petioH
axillares, bracteis imbricatis et secundis,
brunneis spicae terminales
; et
angulata, glabra vel aliquanto hirtella, pedunculis brevibus,
rhache
apice apiculatae, basi cuneatae,
pilosis; bracteae ellipticae, obtusae,
membranaceae, utrinque glabrae vel parce pilosae, marginibus dense
nitidis, brunneis; bracteolae lineari-
ciliatis, pilis patulis, septatis,
subulatae, ciliatae, pilis longis; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuminata,

apice parce pilosa, deorsum glabra; corolla alba, aliquanto hirtella,
subaequalibus, labio superiore oblongo,

tubo subcylindrico, labiis
labio inferiore patulo, 3-lobato,
erecto, apice rotundato et emarginato,
stamina brevia, vix exserta, loculis an-
lobis obovatis, rotundatis;
inferiore calcarato; capsulae parvae,
therarum superpositis, loculo
retinacula apice obtusa et
clavatae, glabrae, vel apice parce hirtcllae;
subbrunnca, Icviter tuberciilata.
subcucullata; semina plana,
Herbs up to 30 cm. high or more, ascending; stems subquadrangular,
subtomentose, the longer hau-s
grooved, both pilose and bifariously
cT^T-pnrlmo- n\t\c\. RfiDtatc. un to 5 mm. loner, those arranged in lines
mm
cm. lone: and 5.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate
itself blunt), narrowed at base, rather thin, undulate, the upper
moderat
hairs similar to those of the upper
the lower surface densely pilose, the
surface, the costa and lateral veins (6 to 8 pairs) obscure above, less
long, densely pilose, the haii^s resembling those of the stem; spikes
terminal
imbricate moderately
mm
bracts elliptic, up to 14 mm mm obtuse and
mm
Figure 202.~Justicta hyperdasya Leonard {a-dj, Cuatrecasas 7542; e, Cuatrecasas 7536);

a. Tip of plant showing leaves and inflorescence; h, portion of stem enlarged to show
pubescence; c, bract, bractlet and calyx; d, a calyx segment; e, corolla;
/, valve of
capsule. {a. Half natural siîc; h, c, twice natural size; d,
^ 3}^ times natural size; e,
natural size;/, 2}i times natural size.)
costa and veins rather prominent, both surfaces glabrous or bearing

a few scattered hairs, the margin densely ciliate with nitid spreading
septate brown hairs up to 4 mm. long; bractlets linear-subulate, up to
nim< long:, and 0.5 mm
mm
mm long, 0.75 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate, bearing several
trichomes (up to 1.5 mm. long) at and near tip, otherwise glabrous;
corolla white^ about 2 cm. long^ moderately hirtcllous, tlie hairs up to
0.28 mm. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, 3.5 mm. broad at mouth,
the upper lip oblong, erect^ 6.5 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, rounded
and emarginate at tip, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes
mm. lonjr, 3 mm, wide, rounded at tip; stamens
mm 1
mm. long, 0.5 mm.

white tail 0.5 mm.
mm. lonsr, 2.5 mm
d
mm. lone, 1.5 mm
faintly tuberculate.
Type Herbario Nacional Colombiano, collected in woods
in the
along the Rio Guayabero, Comisaria del Vaupes, Colombia, 240
meters Cuat-
recasas' No. 7542 (Col), collected on the same day nearby, is also of
this species.
Justicia hyperdasya is closely related to J. immpolystachys Leonard,
differing chiefly in its herbaceous nature, the white flowêrs, and
oblong or oblong-ovate leaf blades, J, parnpolystachys is a shrub
with blue flowers and ovate leaf blades. The specific epithet is
derived from the greek vwepSaavsj meaning very hairy.
25. Justicia schultesii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 203
Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, sursum dense cinereo-
pilosis, lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, brevitcr acu-
pilis patulis;
minata (apice ipso obtuso vel rotundato), basi angustata et in

pctiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque
pilosa, pilis ascendentibus, costa ct venis lateralibus subtusprominent-
ibus, supra obscura; spicae solitariac vel 2, terminales et subtcrminalcs;
bracteae quadrifariae; bracteae dorsales ovatae, subacutae, basi
angustatae vel rotundatae, leviter obliquae, ciliatae, pilosae; bracteae
ventrales ellipticae, acutae, basi angustatae, ciliatae, puberulae;
bracteolae lineares, ciliatae, glabrae vel plusminusvc pilosae; calycis
segmcnta lineari-lanceolata, apice gracilia, puberula, costa prominente;
corolla alba, aliquanto parva, deorsum sursum pubesccns, tubo
hypocrateriformi, labio superiore crecto, triangulari, apice angustato,
obtuso, leviter emarginato, labio inferiore cuneato, apice trilobato,
lobis ovatis; stamina vix exscrta, glabra, lobis superpositis, rectis,
connectivo gracili, lobo inferiore calcarato; capsulae clavatae, pubes-
centes; semina plana, glabra.
Shrubs; stems quadrangular, at least the upper portion dersely
gray-pilose, the hairs spreading, up to 2 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-
—
cm, long and 5.5 cm. wide^ obscurely short-acuminate

to 17
jelf obtuse or rounded), narrowed at base and decurrent on
moderately firm, entire or undulate, ciliate, both surfaces

,
hairs ascending, up to 2 mm. long, the costa and lateral

'
8 pairs) rather prominent beneath but obscure above, the

minute and scattered; spikes solitary or paired, terminal
Figure 203. Justicia schuliesii Leonard {Schultes y Cabrera 13322)

Tip of stem sliowiug
: a,
a leaf and the inflorescence; J, bract (dorsal); c, bract (ventral); dy calyx and one of a
pair of bractlets; ^, lower corolla Up;/, upper lip of same; g, anther, {a^ Half natural
times natural siê; d, 3)^ times natural size; e,f^ 2}i tjnaes natural size;
size; t, f, 3 9
f,
subterminal, up to 4 cm. loner and 12 to 17 mm

mm
mm. lone: and 8 mm
more
more or less sprcadme: and ud to 1.5 mm
mostly 0.5 to 1 mm
'
long, the ventral bracts elliptic, 10 or 11 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide,
acute at both ends, ciliate, their faces puberulous with hairs up to
0,16 mm, long or those on the costa and lateral veins somewhat longer
(0,5 to 1 mm, long) bractlets linear, 8 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, ciliate,
;
the flat surfaces glabrous or more or less pilose dorsally; calyx seg-
ments 5, linear-lanceolate, 5.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near the base,
gradually narrowed into a slender tip, puberulent, the costa rather
prominent; corolla white, about 2 cm. long, the lower half glabrous,
the upper half finely pubescent, the tube 2.5 mm. broad near base,
3.5 mm. broad at throat, the upper lip erect, triangular, 3.5 mm* wide
at base, narrowed to an obtuse slightly emarginate tip, the lower lip
ovate, about 1 cm. long and 6.5 mm, wide at middle, rounded and
3-lobed at tip, the lobes ovate, 1 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide at base;
stamens slightly exserted beyond the mouth of the corolla tube,
glabrous, the anthers 3 mm. long^ the lobes superposed, nearly vertical,
the connective slender, about 0.5 mm. long and 0.2 mm. wide, the
lower anther cell spurred, the spur 0.25 rounded at tip; mm. long,
capsules clavate, pubescent, 7.5 mm. long, the fruiting portion about
3 mm. wide and thick, the lower half solid, 1 mm. wide near base of
stipe, 2 mm. wide at base of seed-bearing cavity; retinacula 1.75 mm.
long, the tip thin, subcucuUate, rounded and more or less erose; seeds
lenticular, about 2.5 mm. in diameter, glabrous.
Type in the U- S. National Herbarium, No. 2124632, collected on
the Cerro Isibukuri, along the Rio Kananarl, Comisaria of Vaup6s,
Colombia, 250 to 700 meters altitude, August 4, 1951, by Richard
Evans Schultes and Isidoro Cabrera (No. 13322). Isotype: US.
26. Justicia carthaginensis Jacq.
Justicia carthaginensis Jacq. Enum.
Jacquin's "Enumeration" was
11, 1760.
republished without change again in 1762. The specific epithet means
tt
found in Cartagena/'
Adhatoda carthaginensis Nees in DC. Prodr. II: 403. 1847.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, up to L5 meters high; stems erect or

ascendingj branched, subquadrangular (the angles rounded), shallowly
sulcate, glabrous or rather densely hirtellous, the hairs straight or
curved, spreading or retrorse, up to 0.5 mm. long, whitish; leaf blades
ovate, elliptic-ovate or broadly lanceolate, 2 to 8 cm. long, L5 to 5
cm. wide, short to rather slenderly acuminate with blunt or acutish
tips, or sometimes acute, obtuse or even rounded, narrowed or occa-
^^ B^H Lb J- '
sionally rounded "at base and Recurrent onHhe petiole, glabrous to

rather densely hirtellous, the lower surface even velvety to touch,
the costa and veins (7 or 8 pairs) moderately prominent on both sur-
faces, the cystoliths usually 150 to 250/1 long; petioles up to 2 cm.
long, glabrous to hirtellous; flowers borne in dense terminal bracted
spikes 2 to 7 cm. long and about 2 cm. broad; bracts spathulate, usu-
ally 10 to 15 mm. long and 2.5 to 6 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse at

tip, more narrowed from about the middle to a
or less apiculatc,
slender claw, subglabrous to moderately hirtellous and ciliate, the
hairs spreading or ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long, some of them gland-
tipped, the cystoliths usually conspicuous; bracts subtending the
flowers narrovvdy spathulate, usually 7 to 10 mm. long and 1 to 3 mm.
wide, rounded or obtuse, more or less hirtellous wit]i glandular
and cglandular hairs; calyx segments 5, narrowly lanceolate, 10
to 11 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, slenderly pointed, white-
margined, more or less hirtellous and ciliate; corollas reddish purple,
violet, or rarely vrhitc, glabrous to sparingly hirsute, the hairs up to
0.1mm. long, sometimes a few of them gland-tipped, the tube 1.5
mm. long, 4 mm.
broad at base, narrowed at 3 mm. above base to
3 mm., thence gradually expanded to about 4 mm. at mouth, the upper
lip erect, triangular-ovate, about 10 mm. long and wide, rounded
and notched at tip, the lower lip spreading, up to 17 mm. long, 3-
lobcd, the middle lobe 8 mm. wide, the lateral ones 7 mm. wide, all
ovate and rounded at tip; stamens cxserted about 5 mm. beyond mouth
of corolla tube, the filaments 11 mm. long, glabrous, the anther lobes
2.2 mm. long, spreading, the upper lobe attached 1 mm. above the
short-spurred lower lobe; style 20 to 22 mm. long, sparsely hirtellous
toward base; stigma more or less 2-lobcd; capsules clavate, 16 ram.
long, 6 mm. broad and 3 mm. thick, subobtuse at tip (the sohd basal
portion 7 ram. long), puberulous, the hairs spreading or the lower
ones rctrorsc; retinacula stout, 3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, flattened,
rounded at tip, this entu'c or coarsely crosc; seeds only slightly flat-
tened, almost spherical, puberulous or glabrate, 2.5 to 3 mm. in diam-
eter, whitisli, or black at maturity.
Jusiicia carthaginensisusually found on slopes, in waste places,
is
and thickets, these occasionally coastal. Although more common at

lower altitudes, has been found as high as 1,300 meters.
it
The species exhibits considerable variation. The upper lip of the

corollas of Killip and Smith's No. 14711 was reported to be trans-
versely white-barred at center. This may be a common character,
but color markings are usually not apparent in dried herbarium
material. The width of tlie bracts is especially variable. For in-
stance, those of 11. II. Smith's No. 5G6 from Bonda are fully 7 mm. wide
with broadly rounded, almost truncate, and subemarginate apiculate
tips, and those of Penneirs No. 2722 are barely 1 mm. wide and sub-
acute. The pubescence of most of the specimens cited is sparse,
but Haught's No. 4391 from Fonseca is dense, and soft and velvety
to the touch. None of these characters, however, are consistent
enough to warrant the maintenance of varieties or forms.
AtlIntico: Isolated bush formations about Barranqiiilla, Lehmann 40G2 (K),

Torregroza, Araque-M., & Barkley 18At.502 (US), 18At.504 (US), 18At.522 (US);
Bro. Elias 351 (US). Puerto Colombia, Bro. Elias 1034 (GH, NY, US); Pennell
12046. Dryish woods along the Isabel L6pez road, near Usiacurf, Dugand &
Garcia-Barriga 2343 (US). Woods in Arroyo Cag6n, Usiacurf, Dvgand & Garcla-
Barriga 2354 (US).
BoLfvAE: Thickets along river at Calamar, KUlip & Smith 14711 (GH, NY,
US). Ramparts of Cartagena, Schoil 6 (NY). Thicket at Sincelejo, Pennell 4071
(GH, NY, US). Coastal thicket on Tierrabomba Island, KilHp & Smith 14148
(GH, NY, US).
Cunuinamarca: Open bush formation about La Boca, Lehmann 0107 (K).
Puente Natural dc Icononzo, near Pandi, Uribe-Uribe 1G83 (US); Peiuicll 2812
(NY). Between Fusagasug^ and Pandi, Pennell 2722 (GH, NY).
Macdalena: On clay soil at Barro Blanco, Haught 4753 (US). Damp places
in dry forest near Bonda, //. //. Smith 5()G (in part) (Ph, NY, US) Along streams
.
at Cerrej6n, Haught 6716 (US). Irrigated lands near seashore at Cienaga,

H. H. Smith 566bis (GH, NY, US). Roadside near Fonseca, Haught 4391 (US).
Los Olivos, east of Santa Marta, Giacomelio 1000 (US). Rio Frio, Salt "C" (US).
27. Juslicia erythrantha Leonard, sp. nov. Fioure 204

Suffrutex, caulibus subteretibus, glabris vol in minute et
iiodis
parce strigosis, cystolithis miniitis et subpunctiformibus lamina ;
foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuta vol acuminata vol brcviter acuminata,

basi angustata, Integra vel undulata, subtus in axillis venarum pilosa,
alibi glabra vel minute et parce strigosa, pilis praecipue in costa et
venis positis, cystolithis minutis et obscuris; spicac terniinalcs ct
axillares, pedunculissubquadrangularibus, plus minusve planis,
glabris vel minute strigosis, rhaclie puberal a, pilis sursum curvatis,
brevibus; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, basi angustatae, ali-
quanto tenues, venosae (costa prominente), plus minusve dense
glanduloso-papillosae, marginibus ciliatis; calycis segmenta parva,
tcnuia, acuta, parce glanduloso-papillosa, pilis paucis loiigis intermixtis,
marginibus ciliolatis; corolla rubra, aliquanto tenuiter pubesccns,
pilis patulis, rcctis vel leviter curvatis, tubo subcylindrico, labio
superiorc erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice bilobato, lobis parvis, rotun-
datis, labio infcriore plus minusve patulo, cuneato, 3-lobato, lobis
ovatisj rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, in labio antico coroUae
dcclinata, lobis anthcrarum supcrpositis, perpcndicularibus, lobo
inferiore caudato; capsulae aliquanto parvae, clavatae, glabrae;
retinacula apice rotundata, erosa; semina 4, cordala, plana, brunnea,
muricata.
Shrubs up to 1.5 meters high; stems subterete, glabrous or the
nodes minutely and sparingly strigose, the cystoliths minute and
m
cm
base, rather firm, entire or undulate, the axils of the lower surface
pilose, otherwise glabrous or m.inutely and sparingly strigose, the
hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs),
the venation rather obscure, the cystoHths minute (about 0.08 mm.
long), often obscure; jQowers borne in terminal and axillary spikes up
and about 1.5 cm. broad, the peduncles up to 2 cm. long,
to 6 cm. long
subquadrangular, more or less flattened, glabrous or sparingly and
minutely strigosc, the rachis puberulous, the hairs upwardly cm"ved,
up to 0.16 mm. long; bracts lanceolate, 10 to 12 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm.
wide, acuminate, narrowed at base, rather thin and veiny (the costa
prominent), more or less minutely glandular-papillose, rather spar-
ingly ciliatc, the hau-s 0.2-0.4 mm. long; bractlets linear-lanceolate,
about 9 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, rather sparingly glandular-
FiGURE IQi.—Jusiicia erythrantha Leonard {Killip, Dugand ^ Jaramillo 38284): a, Node

toward tip of plant showing a spike, branchlets and leaf blade; h, portion of leaf blade
(under surface) enlarged to show pubescence and cystoHths; c, bract and bractlets;
d, calyx segment; e, tip of corolla;/, anther;
g, capsule valve, {a, e. Natural size;
b, twice natural size; c, 3 times natural size; d, 7 times natural size;/,
6 times natural
size; g, twice natural size.)
puberulous with few larger eglandular hau7S intermixed with

a
the smaller ones, the margins ciliate with hau-s up to 0.45 mm.
long; calyx 4 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm.
wide, acute, thin, sparingly glandular-papillose and like the bracts
and bractlets with a few longer eglandular hairs intermixed, the
mm
cm
mm. long, the tube 2.5 mm
mm
mm. at mouth
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OP COLOMBIA, HI 651
ovate, 17 mm. long and 8 mm.

wide at base, the tip bilobate, the
lobes about 0.5 mm. long and broad, rounded, the lower lip more
or less spreading, cuneate, 7 mm. wide at base of the lobes, these
3, ovate, about 3.5 mm. long, rounded; stamens reaching within 2 mm.
of tip of the upper lip of the corolla and partially enfolded by it,
the anthers about 4 mm. long, the lobes superposed, vertically
attached, their tips overlapping about 0.5 mm., the base of the lower
lobe apiculate or caudate, the tail about 0.25 mm. long; style reaching
within 0.5 mm. of the tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the stigma
minute and conical; capsules about 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide and 2.5 mm.
thick, 4-seeded, glabrous, the tip obtuse, the solid basal portion
3.5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide; retinacula about 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, curved, the tip rounded and erose; seeds cordate, flattened,
brown, about 2.5 mm, long and broad, muricatc.
along stream in woods at Hacienda El Cucharo, between Tocaima and
Pubenza, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 350 meters
altitude, May 7, 1944, by E, P. Killip, A. Dugand and R. Jaramillo
(No. 38284).
Also of this species are Francis PennelPs No. 2831 (GH, NY,
W.
US), collected in woods at Natural Bridge, Pandi, Department of
Cundinamarca, 800 to 900 meters altitude, December 1-3, 1917;
Triana's specimen (K) collected in the ''Province of Cauca'' 1853,
Oscar Haught's No. 2396, collected in forest near the mouth of the
Rio Totare, Department of Tolima, about 300 meters altitude,
October 28, 1938, and Lorenzo Uribe-Uribe's No. 2309, collected
between Tocaima and Pubenza, Cundinamarca*
Characterizing Justicia erythrantha are the rather short spikes, the
ovate acuminate bracts, and the red corollas. The specific epithet
is from the Greek words epv9p6s, red, and avdos, flower.
28. Justicia leptochlamys Leonard, sp, nov. Figure 205

Herba, caulibus deorsum terctibus, glabris, sursum subquadran-
gularibus, glabris vel bifariam puberulis, pilis subbrunneis, patulis
vel retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum lanceolata, acuminata (apice
ipso obtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto tenuis, Integra vel undulata,
glabra vel subtus costa parce hirtella, cystolithis pluribus et conspic-
uis; petioli brevi, plus minusve minuti hirtelli; spicae terminales vel
laterales,pedunculis brevibus, gracilibus, hirtellis, rhache glabra;
bracteae rhombico-ovatae, acutae vel subacuminatae, basi angustatae,
tenues, integrae, parce ciliatae, cystolithis conspicuis; bracteolae
acuminatae
menta
baequalibus, labio superiore erecto, integro, labio inferiore plus
minusve patulo, 3-lobato: stamina exscrta. lob

minute hirtellae: semina
ovata^ plana, glabra.
meter
quadrangular, glabrous or puberulous in 2 lines, the hairs brownish J
mm
cm. loiiiT and 1.5 cm
wide, acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base^ rather thin,
entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa of the lower surface sparingly
hirtellous, tlie lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) obscure, the cystoliths of
both surfaces numerous and conspicuous under a lens, up to 0,24 mm.
Figure 205.—Jusiicia leptochlamys Leonard {Penndl 4529): a. Tip of plant showing

inflorescence and leaves; b, bract; c, bractlet; i, calyx, {a. Natural size; h-d, twice
natural size.)
long; petiolesup to cm. long, more or less minutely hirtellous;

U.5
spikes terminal and lateral, up to 3 cm, long and 1.5 cm. broad,
rather lax at maturity, the peduncles about 0.5 mm, long, hirtellous,
tlie liairs septate, up to 0.46 mm. long, the rachis glabrous or sparingly
hirtellous,the cystohths usually conspicuous under a lens; bracts
rhombic-ovate, up to 13 mm. lone: and 7 sub-mm
acuminate, narrowed at base, thin, entire, sparingly ciliate with hairs
mm
conspicuous under a lens but less numerous than on the leaf blades;
bractlets narrowly lanceolate, up to 8 mm. long and 1 mm, wide
near base^ slenderly acuminate, cihate toward tip, otherwise glabrous;
mm the segments subulate, about
gradualh
=^ "
cm
1 mm. broad and
at base mouth, narrowed to 0.5 mm. above base,
the lips about 2 mm. long, the upper lip erect, entire, the lower more
or less spreading, 3-lobed at tip, the stamens exserted beyond the
mouth of the corolla tube but not exceeding the corolla lips, the an-
thers 1.5 mm. mm.
long, 0.25 thick, superposed, vertically attached
to connective; capsule 7 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, 1 mm. thick, minutely
hirtellous toward tip, becoming glabrous; retinacula about 3 mm.
long, flat and rounded at tip; seed ovate, flattened, about 3 mm. long
and 2 mm. broad, glabrous.
Typo in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, col-
lected on the Esmeralda, between Las Dantas and Puerto Canoa,

Pvio
Department of Bolivar, Colombia, 400 to 800 meters altitude,
February 27, 1918, by Francis W. Pennell (No. 4529).

The specific epithet is from the greek X^tttos, thin or delicate, and
xXauus, bract.
29. Justicia gutierrezii Leonard, t:p. nov. Figure 206
Arbor parva, caulibus subtcretibus, dense strigosis vel subtomen-

tosis, pihs subbrunneis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, brcviter
acuminata (apice ipso subobtuso) basi angustata, aliquanto firma,
Integra, supra glabra

crlnbrn,
cjn-nrn vpI
vel narce
parce et minute striirosa. costa et venis
dense strigosis, subtus aliquanto dense et molliter strigosa vel sub-

tomcntosa; petioli graciles, dense strigosi vel subtomentosi; spicae
terminales et axillares, bractcis quadrifariis dorsalibus stcrtlibus,
ventralibus flores subtendentibus, pedunculo breviter et rhache dense

hirsutis vel subtomentosis; bracteae dorsales ovatae, subobtusae,
apice subapiculatae, basi obtusae, submembranaceae, hirsutae,
cihatae, costa et venis aliquanto promincntibus ; bracteae ventrales

late oblanceolatac, acutae, basi angustatae, submembranaceae,
hirsutae et cihatae; bracteolaelanceolatae acuminatae, basi angustatae,
parce hirsutae, cihatae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, graciliter acumi-
nata, ciliata; corolla alba, siirsum parce pilosa, deorsum glabra,
tubo aliquanto angustato, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiorc erecto,
triangulo-ovato, apice angustato, subacuto, labio inferiore plus minusve

patulo, obovato, trilobato, lobis oblongo-ovatis, rotundatis, latcrahbus
leviter incurvatis; stamina vix exserta, locuhs antherarum super-
positis, rectis,lobo inferiore basi calcarato.

Small trees: stems subterete, rather densely strigosc or subtomentose
mm
acumm
firm
minutelv strigose, the costa and lateral
mm
388179—57 16
554 CONTRIBUTIONS 'FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
f.
the lower surface rather densely and softly strigose or hirsute, the
venation rather prominent, the cystohths obscure or lacking; petioles
up cm. long, slender, densely strigose or subtomentose; spikes
to 3.5
terminal and subterminal, up to 2.5 cm. long and 12 mm. broad, the
bracts closely imbricate, quadrifarious and secund, the peduncles up
to 1 cm. long, these and the rachises densely hirsute or subtomentose
with ascending hairs; dorsal bracts sterile, ovate, 11 mm. long and 8
mm. wide, subobtuse and subapiculate, obtuse at base, submembrana-
FiGURE 106.—Ju5ticia gutierrezii Leonard {Gutierrez-V ^ Schultes 606): a. Tip of plant

showing leaves and inflorescence; h, dorsal view of spike; c, ventral view of spike; d,
dorsal bract; e, bract, bractlet, and tip of calyx (from ventral side of spike);/, one of
the calyx segments; r, corolla; A, stamen, {a, g, Natural size; h, c, half natural size;
d-J, twice natural size, k, 4 times natural size.)
mm
ascending, the costa and about 4 pairs of lateral veins rather promi-
nent; ventral bracts (those subtending the flowers) broadly oblance-
e, 14 mm. long, 4 mm. wid
middle to base, submemb

mm
mm. lone: and L5 to 2 mm
nate, pilose and ciliate; calyx 1 cm
mm acuminate, ciliate and sparingly hirsute;
cm. long except the glab

rs spreading or retrorseh
mm erect, 1 cm
triangular-ovate, 3.5 mm. wide near base, rather gradually narrowed
to a subacute tip, the lower lip more or less spreading, obovate, 4 mm.
wide near middle, 3-lobed, the lobes oblong-ovate, 3 mm. long, 1.25
mm. wide, rounded, the outer lobes slightly incurved; stamens reach-
ing the tip of the upper lip, slender, glabrous, flattened, subhyaline,
til A n n Vi p,r-l nb RR sunernosed. 1.25 mm. Ions:. 0.5 mm. wide, verticallv
I.
mm
mm
subacute at the base; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
the Rio Apoporis, on the Cerro de "El Castillo," Comisaria of Caquetd,
Colombia, January 16, 1944, by G. Gutierrez-V. and R. E. Schultes
(No. 606). Isotype: Valle.
The bracts, bractlets, and calyx of the dried specimens are red.
30. Justieia macarenensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figuee 207

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel bifariam puberulis,
nilis snhhrnnneis. sentatis. retrorse curvatis: lamina foliorum oblonero-
acuminata
firma
venis later alibus obscuris, subtus glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
prominentibus, parce puberulis, cystoHthis inconsplcuis petioli ;
puberuli, pilis apice acutis vel cyathiformibus spicae terminales et

;
subterminales, oblongae, pedunculis bifariam puberuHs, pilis sub-

brunneis; bracteae rubrae vel aeneo-purpureae, anguste ovatae,
obtusae, basi rotundatae, glabrae vel plus minusve puberulae, parce
ciliolatae, costa et venis prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis;
bracteolae oblongo-lanceolatae, acutae, tenues, glabrae vel basi parce
stnVnsn.p,. name ciliatae: calvcis sesrmenta lanceolata, aneruste acumi-
intermixtis
sursum
gustato, labiis aequalibus, labio superiore erecto, lanceolato, acuto,
labio inferiorc patulo, trilobate, lobis lateralibus oblongis, rotundatis;
stamina exserta, filamentis dabris, planis, lobis antherarum super-
ovarmm elabrum
cm. hicrh : stems
mm
retrorsely curved; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, up
to 25 cm. long and 6 cm, wide, slenderly acuminate (the tip itself
blunt), gradually narrowed to base, firm, entire or undulate, the upper
surface glabrous, the venation obscure, the lower surface glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins, these prominent and rather spar-
puberulous, the cystoliths inconspicuous;

puberulous, some of the hairs cvathiform
cm. lone: and 2 cm
broad, the peduncles ca. cm. long, puberulous in 2 lines, the rachis
1
puberulous with brownish hairs about 0.16 mm. long; bracts rod or
mm
Figure 207. Leon

of plant showing spike and leaf blades; h, bract; c, bractlet; d, calyx segment; e, a
glandular hair from calyx segment;/, tip of corolla to show lips; (a, Half
g, anther,
natural size; b, c, f, natural size; d, twice natural size; g, about 60 times natural size;
g, 4 times natural size.)
obtuse at apex, rounded at base, thin, sparingly cihate (the hairs up

to 0.75 mm. long), other wise glabrous except the more or less puberulous
costa, the veins and the coarsely reticulate vcinlets prominent;
bractlets oblong-lanceolate, 17 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, acute,
thin, glabrous or sparingly strigose toward base, sparingly ciliate,
coarsely reticulate-veined; calyx 11 mm. long, deeply segmented,
the segments 5, lanceolate, 10 mm. wide near base,

long, 1 mm.
slenderly acuminate, ciliate toward tip, moderately puberulous with
blackish glandular hairs 50 to 125m long (appearing as dark specks
under a lens), these, intermixed with acute hairs, sometimes also
sometimes
mm ,7
pubescent, except the enlarged
mm
mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to 4 mm
mm
mm
mm. loner, the middle lobe 1.5 mm
lateral ones 0.75 mm. wide, all rounded at tip; stamens exserted
8 mm. beyond mouth of corolla tube, the filaments fiat and glabrous;
anthers 5 mm. long, the lobes vertical, superposed, the upper 1 mm.
above the lower, the upper lobe 2 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad,
muticous, the lower 2.5 mm. long, muticous or briefly and bluntly
spurred; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
dense humid forest on the bank of the Rio Guapaya, Sierra de la
Macarena, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 450 meters altitude,
November 26, 1949, by W. R. Philipson, J. M. Idrobo, and A. Fern-

andez, No. 1578. Isotype in the British Museum.
The following also represent the species:
Meta: Rocky side ofshaded ravine along the Rio Duda, at Uribe, altitude
770 meters, December 21, 1942, Fosherg 19492 (US). Vicinity of the Los Micos
landing strip on the left bank of the Rio Giiejar, on the Sabanas de San Juan de
Arama, 500 meters altitude, January 22, .1951, Jesus M. Idrobo & Richard E.
SchtiUes 1218 (US).
The thin veiny reddish bracts and narrow white or reddish corollas
arc characters by which Justicia macarenensis can be readily recog-

nized.
31. Justicia pharmacodes Leonard, sp. no v. Fioure 208
Suffrutex ramosus, caulibus subquadrangularibus, puberulis vel

dcorsum glabratis, pilis curvatis, subappressis vel paucis patulis;
lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata (apice
ipso obtuso), basi angustata et in petiolum breviter decurrens,

aliquanto firma, intcgra vel undulata, supra parce puberula, subtus
aliquanto puberula, pfiis minute curvatis, ascendentibus, cystohthis
obscuris; petioli aliquanto longi, puberuli; spicae axillarcs, aliquanto
breves; pedunculi longi, erecti vel ascendentes, puberuli, rhache
puberula; bracteae suborbiculares, apice obtusae vel rotundatae,
minute apiculatao, basi unguiculatae, puberulae, costa et venis
lateralibus obscuris; bracteolae obtusae

ellipticae, vel
apice late
rotundatae, minute apiculatae, basi unguiculatae, puberulae; bracteae

et bracteolae pilis minutis glandulosis

marginibus praeditae;
in
calycis segmenta parva, 5, lanceolata, acuta, apice parce hirtella,
pilis subappressis vel ascend entibus, curvatis; corolla alba, lineis
bi
ma
marginibus rugosis; stamina
a vel deorsum narce furfural
antherarum leviter superpositis, lobo infcriorc caudato; capsulac
clavatae, glabrae.
Branching shrubs up to 3 meters high; stems sub quadrangular,
puberulous or the lower portions glabrate, the hairs up to 0.48 mm.
m »
or oblong-ovate, up to 25 cm. long and 10 cm. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base and briefly decurrcnt on the
moderatelv hrm
moderately puberulous butmoi
mm
mod
cm.
flowers borne in axiUary spikes, these usually 2 to 5 cm. long and 2 to
cm sometimes subcapitate, the peduncles erect or as-
cending, up to 10 cm. long, puberulous; rachis puberulous, the lower-
most internode 4 mm J shorter toward
mm
ded at the apex and minu
mm. lono; and 1 to 2.5 mm
the entire blade puberulous, the costa and lateral veins evident but not
mm
minu base
the entire bractlet puberulous, both bracts and bractlets often bearing
glandular marginal hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, these intermixed with
the shorter eglandular ones; calyx 4.5 mm. long, deeply segmented,
the segments 5, lanceolate, 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute, hirteflous
and ciliolate toward tip, the hairs ascending or subappressed, curved.
mm. long; corolla H8 mm. lone:, white, m
mm
)roiIa tube about 1 cm. long, 4 mm.
broad at base, 10 mm. broat
imouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 8 mm. long, about 12 mm. wide
icuHate, enclosing the stamens, the lower lip about 13 mm. long anc
cm. wide at base of the 3 lobes, these ovate, 8 mm. long and 6 mm
ide, rounded, the margins of both hps crinkled at tip stamens
18 ; mm
mm
mm the lower lobe terminating
in a short tail about 0.1 mm. long; capsules clavate, glabrous, 2 cm.
long, 6 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, the broad seed-containing portion

obscurely and irregularly furrowed, the solid stipe 15 mm. long and
4 mm. broad; retinacula 4.5 mm. long, nearly straight, rounded at
tip seeds not seen, but, as indicated by the retinacula, 2 in number
;
(one pair abortive).
<^
t
-I
% fe
yj T^- <^:
»V
\
d 1
y^_
^
'S
1
L _
*' -
\ «
Y \
N \ ^B ^
» P
^ :/\
P 1
\; 1 4-
* .
/ '/:
f
,J 4 1
'V
.i^'^-:
f> t ^
--' 1
n
-^
^
I ^
-] 'i
/ 'W'
r::^^
^ J
\ \
/- X ;<^
i t./ h -p
4 *
. i
^ -^
r: 1:, ,^--i
-!>:
L' %
i ;rv
*"i
> : - /'
X % ,
4
* I ^
-/
1 L
i^
rl-
_^ <
h r
/ E^ F.
K -'
^
-_
^ -* -
r
; •
r k
^: -ka
-- :\.
J 4
-/ /- ^
i -^
'y > r;'v^- * L
*
h
*^
^ k
h «
V * rf'
; r
:s - f
-'^ T» ^
f'
^v * #
/
^*^
/. ff
"tj
fc"_
h r M ^
s^^f 4 . ^ -1
N
h'
" * r
V "O
f'
* 4 4_L,
.^j
y F P
« , #
^ •
t -
« r-
h -
+- *
h
' *
» - \
1 4
^ ' /-^ .,• «• /
V:
4
+ _»_
- -T
*- •
h ' B^. k
IT'-/-*-.'
.^ - *
*-' -*
J
;'-
^
i-
*
(
.V;
A *^.^* <>
r
V'
'-L
r»^"J .*N.
Figure 208.—Justicia pharmacodes Leonard (a-/, âi^gA^ 4072; g, Haughi 3816): ^, Tip of
plant; fc, bract; c, marginal pubescence of bract; d, bractlet and calyx; e, corolla; /,
anther; gy capsule valve, (a, Half natural size; b, d, twice natural size; r, 28 times
natural size: if, natural size;/, 5 times natural size; g, 1}^ times natural size.)
Type in the U. National Herbarium, No. 1708866, collected near S.

stream in forest, vicinity of Manamê, Department of Magdalena^ 700
meters altitude, April 13, 1944, by Oscar Haugbt (No. 4072).
Paratypes are Haught's No. 3999 (US), collected near Barrancas,
170 meters altitude, February 16, 1944, and his No. '3816 (US),
m
Department of Magdalena, and Schlim (K)
forest at the foot of the Sierra Nevada, at Eiohacha, Department of

Magdalen a.
Haught tells us in his label notes that this species is strictly a forest
plant and is probably poisonous. It dries with a peach-kernel odor
and is not eaten by stock. The flowers are early deciduous, opening
in the early morning and falling by noon.
_ J. ft//-
species does not have long-pedunculate inflorescences, and its bracts
are relatively narrower and the leaf blades smaller. The specific
epithet is from the Greek 0apjuaKa)5i;s, meaning poisonous.
32. Justicia phytolaccoides Leonard, sp. nov. FinuRE 209

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel
sursum aliquanto strigosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata vel ovato-
lanceolata, acuta vel breviter acuminata vel aliquando obtusa, basi
acuta vel obtusa vel rotundata, plus minusve obliqua, firma, Integra
vel Icviter undulata, glabra vel cosla et venis lateralibus parce strigosa,
subtus venis prominentibus, cystolithis sub lente prominentibus;
petioli crassi, glabri vel parce strigosi; spicae 1 vel plures, tcrminales vel
axillares, breviterpedunculatac, rhachc puberula; bractcac obovatae,
obtusae, crassao, minute pubcrulae et ciliolatae, costa et venis laterali-
bus prominentibus, venulis crasso reticulatis; bracteolae oblongo-
lanccolatae, subacutae, minute puberulae et ciliolatae, costa et venis
prominentibus; calycis segmcnta oblongo-lanceolata, minute punctata,
ciliata; corolla caerulea, albolineata,
puberula, labiis subaequalibus,
labio superiorc erccto, ovato, apice angustato (apice ipso obtnso),
labio inferiore 3-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus, rotundatis; stamina
exserta, lobis superpositis, lobo supcriore mutico, clavato-pubesccnte,
lobo inferiore ghibro, caicarato, filamcntis planis, glabris; capsulae
glabrae, apice acutae, minute puberulae; retinacula ligulata, apice
tenuia, rotundata; semina brunnea, plana, tubcrculata.
Herbs or shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subtetragonal, glabrous
or the upper portions sparingly to moderately strigosc, the hairs more
or less in two rows; leaf blades oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, up
to 25 cm. long and 11 cm. wide, acute to short-acuminate or occasion-
ally obtuse at apex, acute to obtuse or rounded and more or less
oblique at base, rather Arm, entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa
and lateral veins (8 to 12 pairs) sparingly strigose, the venation
prominent beneath, less so above, the cystoliths numerous, conspicuous
under a lens, about 0.28 mm. long; petioles rather stout, up to 6 cm.
long, glabrous or sparingly strigose; spikes solitaryand terminal or
sometimes both terminal and axillary, up to 11 cm. long, 2 cm. broad,
the peduncles usually about 5 mm. long, these and the rachis pubcr-
mm
mm
—
and the costa and about 6 pairs of lateral veins prom-

ciliolate, veiny,
inent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; bractlets oblong-lanceolate,
10 mm. long, 3 mm, wide, subacute, 175 mm. wide at base, minutely
puberulous and ciliolate, the costa and lateral veins (3 or 4 pairs)
prominent; calyx 12 mm. long, deeply segmented, minutely punctate
Figure 209, Justicia phytolaccoides Leonard {Haught 6242): a^ Tip of stem showing spike
and leaf; by bract; c, bractlct; d, calyx segment; (•, anther, {a^ Half natural size; h-d^
twice natural size; e, 3}^ times natural size.)

L
and the segments oblong-lanceolate, 10 mm. long, 2.75 mm.

ciliolate,
wide; corollas 3 cm* long, blue, lined with white, puberulous except
the enlarged glabrous basal portion, this 4 mm. broad at base, the
corolla tube narrowed at 7 mm. above base to 3 mm., thence gradually
cnlai'ged to 4 mm, at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 15 mm. long,
5 mm, wide, narrowed to an obtuse tip, the lower lip spreading, 15

mm, long, ovate, suborbicular, 3-Iobed, the middle lobe 3.5 mm. long
and 4 mm, wide, rounded, the lateral lobes 3 mm, wide, obtuse, some-
what oblique; stamens exserted 12 mm. bejônd the mouth of the
corolla tube the anthers 3.5 mm. long, the lobes superposed vertically
J
or nearly so, the upper lobe muticous, dorsaliy densely pubescent, the
lower lobe glabrous, calcarate, the tail blunt, about 0.75 mm, long,
the filaments flattened, glabrous; capsules clavate, 16 to 18 mm. long,
5 mm. wide, 3.5 mm. thick, acute, finely pubcrulous; rctinacula
ligulate, 2,5 mm, long, 0.5 mm. wide, the tip thin, whitish, rounded;
seed 4 mm. long, 3.25 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick, brown, tuberculate.
Type in theNational Herbarium, No. 2045848, collected along
U. S.
stream at San Antonio, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia,
200 meters altitude, June 14, 1948, by Oscar Haught (No. 6242).
Antioquia: Dry rocks of Rfo Magdalena at Angostura de Nare, AndrS 447 (K),
Cundinamarca: Hacienda Paramillo, on road between Guaduas and Alto de
Aguaclara, 1,040-1,320 meters altitude, July 24, 1947, Garcla-Barriga 12353
(US); 12646 (US).
Santander; San Juan Valley in the vicinity of Puerto Bcrrfo, between Carare
and Magdalena Rivers, 100-700 meters altitude, June 15, 1935, Haught 1788
(US); June 24, 1935, Haught 1807 (US). Along stream in forest at San Fernando,
between Puerto Berrfo and Rio Carare, 300 meters altitude, June 30, 1939,
Haught 2S53 (US).
Tolima: Caii6n del Rfo Guali, on the road from Fresno to Faldn, 1,120-1,700
meters altitude, December 5, 1939, Garcla-Barriga 8341 (US). Faldn, region of
"Calamonte," 1,120 meters altitude, December 7, 1939, Garcia-Barriga 8346 (US).
Without locality: MuHs 892 (US); 1503 (US),
Garcia-Barriga (No. 12353) describes the flowers of his collection

as being ''amarillas." This may possibly be an error since some of
the bluish coloration remains in one of the dried corollas. Aside
still
from this possible color variation, Garcia-Barrlga's specimen is

identical with the other specimens cited. The flowers of Haught's
No. 1807 were rose, lined with white, showing that there is some
color variation-
33. Justicia xanthostachya Leonard, sp. nov. Fioure 210

Prutex, subquadrangularibnSj sursuni strigosis, pilis
caiilibus
rigidis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica vel oblongo-ovata, apice
subacutaj basi acuta, aliquando firma, Integra vel undulata, utrinque
glabra vel parce strigosa, costa et venis prominentibus, cystolithis
obscuris vel nuUis; petioli parce strigosi; spicae terminales, solitariae
vel plures paniculam laxam tcrminalem formantcs, pcdunculis sub-
quadrangularibus, strigosis, rhachibus hirtellis, pilis albis patulis;
bracteae membranaceae, imbricatae, sulphureo-flavac, elliptico-ovatae,
utrinque acutae, hirtellae, pilis crassis glandulosis et pilis gracilibus
—
eglandulosis intermixtisj costa et venis lateralibus gracilibus; bract-

eolae bracteis similes sod minores; calycis segmenta puberula, pilis
papilliformibus, crassis^ glandulosis et pilis gracilibus eglandulosis
intermixtis; corolla clara sulphureo-flava, hirtella, pilis patulis vel
retrorsis, tubo subcylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio superlore
erecto, oblongo-ovato, acuto, labio inferiore oblongo-obovato, apice
trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus, apice rotundatis; stamina exserta,
Figure 210. Justicia xanthostackya Leonard {Kalhreyer 930): a, Tip of plant; t, node of
stem to show leaf blades; c, tip of leaf; d^ bract; bractlet;/, segment of calyx; g, portion
(?,
of bract enlarged to show pubescence; A, anther, {a-c^ Half natural size; d-fy twice
natural size; g, 23^ times natural size; A, 4}^ times natural size.)
labium superiorem aequalia, antherarum superpositis vertica-

lobis
libus, lobo inferiore caudato; ovarium nitidum, papillosum.
Sbrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, upwardly
strigose, the hairs up to 0.11 mm
cm. lone: and 6.5 cm
firm
drying dark olive-green, glabrous or sparingly strigose, the hairs up
to 0.19 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (14 to 16 pairs) promi-
564 CONI^RIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
ncnt on both surfaces^ the lower surface drying hght olivo-grccn,

nitid and sparingly strigcsc, the cystoHths obscure or lackmg; petioles
up to 1.5 cm. long, sparingly strigoscj flowers borne in ternnnal spikes
up to 7 cm, long and 3 cm, broad, these solitary or several, forming a
loose panicle; peduncles up to 3 cm, long, subquadrangular, strigose;
rachis hirtellous, the hairs spreading, up to 0.11 mm. long, white;
bracts imbricate, bright sulphur yellow, elliptic-ovate, up to 28 mm.
long, and 11 mm. wîde, acute at both ends, hirtellous, up to 0.13
mm. long, some heavy and gland-tipped, others slender and eglandular,
the costa and 2 or 3 pairs of lateral veins evident but not prominent;
bractlets similar to the bracts but smaller, up to 18 mm. long and 6
mm. wide; calyx 15 mm. long, puberulous, the hairs a mixture of
heavy subpapillate gland-tipped ones and fine slender eglandular
ones, all spreading and up to 0.16 mm. long; corolla 3 cm, long, bright
sulphur yellow, hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, spreading or
retrorse, the tube subcylindric, 3 mm, broad at base, constricted at
4 mm. above base to 2.5 mm. thence abruptly enlarged to 4 mm.,
then gradually to 5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip more or less erect,
oblong-ovatCj about 1 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip
more or less spreading, oblong-obovate, 1 cm, long, 3.5
wdde at mm.
base of the three lobes, these suborbicular, 1.5 mm. long and rounded
at tlic tip, the middle lobe about 2 mm, wide, the lateral ones some-
what narrower; stamens reaching tij) of the upper corolla lip, the
filaments glabrous, at least above, the anthers 4 mm. long, the cells
superposed and attached to the connective, each 2 mm. long
verticall}^
and 0.5 mm. thick, the lower cell tailed, the tail about 0.75 mm.
long and 0.25 mm. wide; style about 3 cm. long, sparingly and minutely
hirtellous near base, otherwise glabrous, the stigma miiuite and
bilobed; ovary nitid, papillose; capsules not seen.
Type In tlic Kew
Herbarium, collected at Carmen, between Ocaiia
and Pamplona, Department of Norte <le Santandcr, Colombia,
'^25-3000'^' altitude, January 27, 1879, by W. Kalbreyer (No. 930).
This wêll marked species should be easily recognized by its showy

bright sulphur-yellow glandular spikes. There are apparently no
close relatives. The specific epithet is from the Greek â^dos, yellow,
and araxvs, spike.
34, Juslic'ia rohrii Vahl FiGUUE 19G
Jusiicia rohrii Symb. 3: 6. 1794. Type locality:
Vahl, Cajcnna {Guyane
Frangaise). Collected by Rohr,
Beloperone rohrii Nees in DC, Prodr. 11: 415, 1847. Based on Juaticia
rohrii Vahl. Photograph US (Field Mus. Ko. 22159).
Beloperone rohrii Nees P latifolia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 415, 1847. Type
locality: Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia. Collected by Bertero. Type
in the Delcssert Herbarium. Photograph of type in the XT. S. National

Herbarium Mus. No, 7849).
(Field
Beloperone sanmartensis Rusby, Descr, So. Am. PL 128. 1920. Type collected
in low damp parts of the dry forest region near Mamatoca, Santa Marta,
Department of Magdalena, Colombiaj 100 feet altitude, November 1898j
by H. H. Smith, No. 96 (Ph, NY [holotype], S, US).
Shrub up meters high or more; stems stout, obtusely quad-

to 2
rangular^ broadly sulcate, minutely puberulous; leaf blades ovate,
oblong-ovatc, elliptic or somewhat obovate, 15 to 30 cm, long, 7 to
16 cm. wide, short-acuminate or acute, usually narrowed to an obtuse,
rounded or subcordate base although occasionally acute, rather thin,
entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly and min-
utely puberulous, the hairs subappressed, the costa impressed, this
and the lateral veins rather obscure, the lower surface glabrous or the
costa and veins (14 or 15 pairs) minutely and inconspicuously puber-
ulous, the venation prominent, the cystoliths of both surfaces minute
(about 0.3 mm. long) and obscure; petioles 2 to 7 cm. long, minutely
puberulous; panicles termuial, up to 22 cm. long and 8 cm. broad,
more or less narrowed toward tip; peduncles stout, up to 5 cm, long,
appressed-puberulous; lowermost nodes of the inflorescence sub-
tended by small leaves; branches of the inflorescence ascending, up
to 9 cm. long, the internodes both of the branches and the rachis
densely hirtellous, the longer hairs gland-tipped, up to 0.5 mm. long,
the flowers and bracts crowded and more or less secund; lowermost
bracts subtending the flowers ovate, 12 mm* long, 9 mm* wide near
base, acute (the tip itself obtuse), rounded at base, densely hirtellous,
the hairs up to 0.3 mm. long, some of them terminating in large patel-
liform glands, the costa rather prominent, the lateral veins delicate,
the bractlets oblong-elliptic, 12 mm* long, 5 mm, wide, acute, narrowed
at base, the pubescence and venation that of the bracts, the succeed-
ing bracts and bractlets similar to the lowermost but becoming gradu-
ally smaller toward tip of the inflorescence branches; calyx 13 mm.
long, deeply segmented, the pubescence and venation that of the
bracts and bractlets, the segments lanceolate, slenderly acute, 2.25
mm. wide; corolla w^hite or pale j^cllow, up to 3 cm* long, rather densely
pubescent except the lower glabrous portion, the hairs spreading, or
rctrorse, up to 1 mm. long, the tube 2,25 mm. broad at base, enlarged
to 3 mm* slightly above base and narrowed to 2.25 mm. at 4 mm.
above base, thence gradually enlarged to 4 mm. at throat, the lips
subequal, about 15 mm, long, the upper lip erect, ovate, acute, 7 mm.
wide at base, the lower lip recurved, 3-lobed, 4 mm. wide at base of
lobes, the lobes oblanceolate, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide near tip,
rounded; stamens exserted, reaching tip of the upper corolla lip, the
filaments glabrous, the anther cells obliquely attached to the con-
nective and superposed, the upper lobe 2,25 mm* long and 0.75 mm.
;
broad, blunt at base, borne at a 40-degree angle from the horizontal,

the lower lobe 2.5 mm. mm. broad, vertical, the lower
long and 0,75
tip terminated by a blunt tail 0.5 mm. long; styles slightly shorter
than the stamens, essentially glabrous; capsules clavate, 12 mm. long,
4 mm, broad, about 3 mm. thick, the solid stipitate basal portion
4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, the outer surface finely pubescent, the
hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, those at and near the tip spreading, the
others retrorse; retinacula 3 mm. long, thin, whitish and subtruncate
at tip; seed suborbicular, flattened, about 2,5 mm, long and broad,
strongly papillose.
Limited in Colombia apparently to the arid forested coastal belt of
the Santa Marta region. The following note accompanies H. H.
Smith's No. 96: ^^Shrub, 4-6 ft. Common locally in low damp parts
of the dry forest region below 1000 ft. Flowers Nov.-Dec. pale
yellow.'^
Magdalen a: Guamacito, Record 35 (NY). Arid coastal belt south of Santa

Marta, Killtp & Smith 21100 (NY, US).
35. Justicia cabrerae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 211
Herba ramosa, caulibus asceridentibus, in nodis basalibus radicanti-
bus, subquadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina
foliorum ovata vel elliptica, apice obtusa^ basi angustata ct in pctiolum
decurrens, aliqnanto firma, Integra vel undulata, costa et venis
lateralibus pubernlis, cystolithis nullis; petioli pubenili; spicae ter-
minales, angnste ovoideae, rliacbibus puberulis; bracteae ovatae vel
ellipticae, acutae, basi angnstatae, parce puberulae, ciliatae, pilis
patulis vel ascendentibus ; bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae, ciliatae
calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolataj apice gracilia, hirtella; corolla
alba, deorsum glabra, labiis minute hirtellis, tnbo hypocrateriformi,
labio superiore erecto, ovato-lanceolato, apice obtuso, emarginato,
labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, apice trilobato, labio medio ovato,
obtuso, lobis lateralibus triangularibus, apice obtusis; stamina vix
exserta, glabra, antheris superpositis, rectis, connectivo lato; ovarium
apice hirtellum.
Branching herbs up to 20 cm, high, ascending, rooting at the lower
nodes; stems subquadrangular, puberulous, the hairs rctrorsely
curved, up to 0*16 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to elliptic, up to 8 cm.
long and 4 cm. wide, obtuse at tip, narrowed at base and dccurrent on
the petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the costa and lateral
veins (8 pairs) puberulous, the hairs similar to those on the stems, the
intercostal areas essentially glabrous or minutely hirtollous toward
the margins with narrowly triangular septate hairs, the venation
rather obscure, at least not prominent, the cystoliths lacking; petioles
up to 1.5 cm. long, puberulous; spikes terminating the branches form-
ing poorly defined leafy panicles, the spikes themselves narrowly
—
ovoid, up to 5 cm. long and

cm. broad, the rachis puberulous;
1,5 to 2
bracts ovate to elliptic, 1 to 1-5 cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. wide, acute,
narrowed at base, the flat surfaces sparingly puberulous, the margins
ciliate with spreading or ascending hairs up to 1.5 mm. long, pinnately
veined, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 9
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, ciliate with hairs up to 1 mm. long, the flat
surfaces essentially glabrous; calyx 5 mm, long, the segments 5,
linear-lanceolate, 4.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a
Figure 211. Justicia cahrerae Leonard (a, J, ^, Sckultes y Cabrera 12701; by c,f^ SckulUs
y Cabrera 12679): Tip of plant to show inflorescence and leaves; b, bract; c, calyx
a.
and one of a pair of bractlets; d, upper lip of corolla, ^, lower Up showing middle and
/. (ay Natural size; b, 3 times natural size; c-e, 4 times
/.
slender tip, the upper part hirtellous (the hairs at tip up to 0.25 mm.
long), the lower portion glabrous; corolla white, about 2 cm. long,
glabrous except the lips^ these minutely hirtellous, the tube 2 mm.
broad near the base, about 4.5 mm. broad at throat, the upper lip
erect, ovate-lanceolate, 4 mm, long and 2 mm. wide at base, obtuse
and emarginate at tip, the lower lip more or less spreading, ovate,
7 mm. long, 6 mm, wude at base of lobes, these 4 mm. long, the middle
one ovate, 4 mm. wide at base, the lateral ones triangular, 2.5 mm.
wide at base, all three lobes obtuse at tip; stamens glabrous, slightly
exsertcd beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the anther cells L5 mm,
long and 0.25 mm. wide, superposed, vertical, about 0.5 mm, apart,
the upper one on a short slender stalk about 5 mm. long, the connec-
tive 0.25 mm.
wide; style as long as the stamens, the stigma 2-lobed,
the lobes lanceolate, slight!}' recurved, 0.75 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide;
top of ovary and the base of the style sparingly hirtcUous, the hairs
straight, ascending or spreading, up to 0.8 mm. long; capsules not seen.
Type in the National Herbarium, No. 2124630, collected at
U, S,
Soratama, along the Rio Apaporis, between Rio Pacoa and Rio
Kananari, about 250 meters altitude, June 20, 1951, by Richard Evans
Schultes and Isidoro Cabrera (No, 12701),
Schultes and Cabrera's No, 12679 (US), collected on a flood bank
on the same date and in the same general region as tlie type, is also
of this species,
3C. Justicia leucerythra Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 212

Ilcrba vel suffrutex, caulibus erectis, ciuadrangularibus, glabris vel
bifariam puberulis, pilis retrorse curvatis, subappressis; lamina foli-
orum oblongo-ovrtta vel eiiiptica vel oblongo-obovata, acuminata

(apice ipso obtuso), basi angiistata, aliquanto firma, integra vel un-
dulata, utrinque glabra vel costa et vcnis lateralibus puberulis,
cystolithis inconspicuis et raris; petioli glabri vel puberula, pilis
curvatis; spicae 1 vel plures, terminales vel subterminales, oblongae,

apice obtusae vel truncatae, pedunculatae, rhache puberula, pilis
curvatis, subappressis; bractcac ovatae, acutae vel breviter acumi-

natae, basi angustatae, firmae, glabrae vel parcc strigosao, pilis
appressis, ciliatae, costa et venis (crassc reticulatis) aliquanto promi-

nentibus ; bracteolae lanceolatae, apice sensim angustatae,
acuto,
parce et minute strigosac et ciliatae, costa prominentc, venis lateralibus
obscuris; calycis segmenta 5, lineari-lanceolata, ciliolata, minute et
parce strigosa; corolla punicca vel aliquando rubra, subiliter pubescens,
labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore lanceolato, acuto, labio infcriore
plus minusve patulo, 3-lobatis, lobis oblongis, apice rotundatis;
stamina exserta, lobis antherarum superpositis, plus minusve obliquis,
lobo inferiorc basi breviter calcarato, lobo superiore mutico, filamentis
planis, glabris ; capsulac (immaturae) clavatae, glabrae ; semina
suborbiculata, plana, muriculata, subrubra.
Slender erect herbs (becoming suffrutescent at maturity) up to 1
meter high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or puberulous, the hairs

retrorsely curved, subappressed, arranged more or less in two rows;
leaf blades oblong-ovate, elliptic or oblong-obovate, 20 cm, long and
6 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrovvêd at base,
rather firm, entire or undulate, the costa and lateral veins (G to 8
—
pairs) puberulous, the cystoliths often inconspicuous and scattered;

petioles up cm. long, glabrous or puberulous with curved hairs;
to 3
spikes one or several, terminal and subterminal, up to 7 cm. long and
2.5 cm, broad, obtuse or truncate at tip, the peduncles usually about
1 em. long, the rachis sparingly puberulous, the hairs curved, sub-
appressed, about 0.2 mm. long; bracts ovate, ca. 18 mm. long, 8 mm,
wide, acute or short-acuminate, narrowed to base, firm, glabrous or
sparingly strigose (hairs appressed, white, ca. 75{x long), sparingly
ciliate with hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the veins coarsely reticulate,
Figure 212. Justicia leucerythra Leonard {Haught 6729): a^ Tip of plant showing leaves
and inflorescence; by bract; c> bractlet; d^ calyx; e^ corolla;/, anther; g, pistil, {a. Half
natural size; b~d, twice natural size; ^, g, natural size;/, 4 times natural size,)
theseand the costa rather prominent; bractlets lanceolate, up to 8

mm. long, 1 mm, wide, gradually narrowed to an acute tip, sparmgly
and minutely strigose and ciliate, the costa prominent, the lateral
veins obscure; calyx 5 mm, long, 5-parted, the segments linear-
lanceolate, 4.5 mm, long, ca. 0.6 mm. wide, ciliolate, minutely and
sparingly strigose; corolla pink or occasionally red, up to 33 mm. long,
finely pubescent, the hairs up to 0.2 mm, long, the tube 22 mm. broad
at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence gradually
enlarged to 3 mm. at mouth, the lips subequal, 11 mm. long, the upper
38817&— 57 17
570 CONl^RIBUTIOKS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
lip lanceolate, 3 mm, more or less spreading,

wide, acute, the lower lip
3-lobcd, the lobes oblong, 10 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wîdc, rounded at tip,
delicately veined; stamens exsertcd 8 mm. beyond mouth of the corolla
tube, the anthers 3 mm, long, the lobes 0.5 mm. long, superposed,
somewhat obliquely attached to the connective (0.5 mm. broad),
the upper lobe muticous, the lower terminating at base in a short
blunt spur 0.25 mm. long, the filaments flat, glabrous; ovary glabrous;
stylo 2.5 cm. long, glabrous; stigma bilobcd, minute; capsules
(immature) 10 mm. long, 3 mm, broad, 2,5 mm. thick; seed orbicular,
flattened, reddish, muriculatc.
Type in the National PIcrbarium, No, 2046312, collected in
U* S,
flood-plain forest at Cerrcjon, Department of Magdalcna, Colombia,
100 meters altitude, December 3, 1949, by Oscar Haught (No. 6729),
AtlXntico: Woods around Los Pendalcs, Hacienda Riodulcc, altitude 20 to
50 meters, Dvgand & JaramiUo 41G0 (US). LuruacOj Bro. Apolinar 490 (US).
Pioj6, Bro. Elias 681 (US). Puerto Colombia, Bro. Eiias 1411 (Gil, NY, US).
Arroyo del Higuer6n, Usiacurf, 100 meters altitude, Dugand & Garda-Barriga
2287 (US),
Magdalena: Forest east of Codazzi, 200 meters altitude, Ilaugiit 3739 (US).
Fucurinca, Romero-Castaiieda 557 (Ch, US). Hacienda Juan Lc6n, 150 meters
altitude, Haitght 4763 (US).
Justica Icucerythra bears a general resemblence to tlie Peruvian

species J. glabribracteata Lindan., but in that species the bracts are
and often obtuse or rounded instead of sharply acute,
relatively broader
and the capsules are more or less hirtellous. The specific epithet is
from the Greek \evKkpv9po^, meaning pink, in allusion to the pink
corollas.
37- Justicia eitarthrocoma Leonard, sp. nov. Ficjure 213

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibiis, bifariam pilosis, pilis
curvatis, plus minusve patulis, septatis, aureo-brunneis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-obovata^ plus minusve j)anduri-
formis, acuminata (apico ipso obtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto
tenuis, Integra vel undulata, supra subnitida, glabra vel costa parce
puberula, subtus glabra, costa et venis lateralibus puberulis, pilis
aurcobrunneis, septatis, cystolithis parvisj incons])iculs; petioli breves,
hirtcUi; spicae terminalcs vel subtcrminales, pedunculis glabris vel
parce pilosulis, rhache glabra; bracteae oblongo-ellipticae, acutae,
basi subobtusae, tenucs, glabrae, parce ciliatae; bracteolao oblongo-
lanceolatae, acutae, basi sessilcs cL obtusae, ghibrae, costa prominonte;
calycis segmenta lanceolataj acuta, aliquanto tenuia, costa prominente;
corolla coccinea, basi glabra, deorsum aliquando pilosa, pilis retrorse
curvatis vel patulis, labiis subaequalibus, labio supcriorc erecto,
ovato, apice bilobato, lobis rotundatis, labio inferiore patulo, trilo-
bato, lobis oblongo-ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina exserta, fila-
mentis glabris, antherarum lobis obliquis, leviter superpositis, basi

muticis vel mmute apiculatis; ovarium glabriim; styli izlabri-
Sbrub up to 2 meters high^ a little branched, the stems subquad-
rangular, the hairs curved, more or less spreading, arranged in 2 rows,
conspicuously septate, golden brown; leaf blades oblong-ovate or
obovate (some of them slightly panduriform), ca. 20 cm. long, 7 cm.
7-
<
\i
—
Figure 213, Jusllcia enarthrocotua Leonard (Grant 10900): a, Tip of stem, showing leaf
and inflorescence; t, hair fron:i upper portion of stem; c^ bract; dj bractlet; £*, calyx;/,
anther, (a^ Half natural size; by 36 times natural size; c-e^ slightly less than natural
size;/, 3}^ times natural size.)
wide, acuminate, narrowed at base, rather thin, entire or undulate, the

upper surface subnitid, glabrous or the costa beanng a few small hairs,
the cystoliths 0.25 mm. long, inconspicuous, the lower surface glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs), these hu:etellous with
ascending golden brown septate hairs up to about 0.25 mm. long, the
cystoliths about 0.2 mm, long, inconspicuous, sometimes drying
blackish in young leaves petioles ;

up to 5 mm. long, hirtellous spikes
;
terminal or subterminal, the peduncles up to 3 cm. long, glabrous or

sparingly hirtellous, the rachis glabrous, marked by a few parallel
cystoliths; bracts oblong-elliptic, 25 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, acute,
obtuse at base, thin, glabrous, sparingly ciliate, the veinlets coarsely
but rather obscurely reticulate; bractlets oblong-lanceolate, 11.5 mm.
long, 3.5 mm. wide, acute, obtuse at base, thin, glabrous, the costa
rather prominent, the lateral veins delicately and coarsely reticulate;
calyx 12.5 mm. long, deeply segmented, the segments lanceolate, 1.5
mm. wide at middle, acute, rather thin, the costa prominent, the 6 or
more pairs of lateral veins obscure; corolla scarlet, up to 6 cm. long,
except the glabrous basally enlarged portion, rather densely pilose with
spreading or retrorsely curved brownish septate hairs up to 0.5 mm.
long, the tube 3 mm.
wide at base, enlarged to 4 mm. at 3 mm. above
base and contracted to 1.5 mm. at 6 mm. above base, thence gradually
enlarged to 6 mm, at mouth, densely and retrorsely pilose at and below
the insertion of the stamens within the tube, the lips subequal, the
upper lip erect, ovate, 12 mm. long, 10 mm. wide near base, 2 mm. wide
near tip, bilobed, the lobes 0.75 mm. long, rounded, the lower lip
spreading, 13 mm. long, 3-lobed, the lobes oblong-ovate, 11 mm. long,
4,25 mm, wide, rounded at tip ; stamens exserted 15 mm. beyond mouth
of corolla tube, the filaments glabrous, the anthers 3.5 mm. long, the
cells superposed and somewhat obliquely attached by a
slightly
connective about 0.5 mm. wide, muticous or minutely apiculate at
base; ovary glabrous; style glabrous, rather short; mature capsule
not seen.
U, S. National Herbarium. No. 2045441. collected
km
Cordillera Oriental, and 13 km. from
Venezuelan border, Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 1,250
meters altitude, February 11, 1945, by Martin L. Grant (No. 10900).
Jusiicia enarthrocoma is closely related to J. leucerythra, differing
in the subpanduriform leaf blades, the septate golden brown hairs on
stems and young leaf blades, and the much larger scarlet corollas,
these with a bilobed upper lip. The specific epithet is from the Greek
ivapOpos, jointed, and KOfxr], hair.
38. Justicia sanchezioides Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 214

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel parce bifariam
strigosis, pilis plus minusve curvatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-
elliptica vel late lanceolata, apice acuta vel brevitcr acuminata (apice
ipso obtuso), basi angustata, firma, integra vel levitcr undulata, glabra,
costa et venis lateralibus subtus prominentibus, supra obscuris;
petioli crassi, glabri vel minute strigosi; paniculae terminales, spicarum
unilateralium compositae; pedunculi dense plus minusve bifariam
subbrunneis vel purpureis; rhachis hirsuta, pilis

hirsuti, pilis curvatis,
plus minusve glandulosis; bracteae acutae et bracteolae acuminatae
subaequales, lanceolatae, intus glabrae vel apice hirsutae, extus ali-
quanto hirsutae, marginibus ciliatae, pilis asceiidentibus, nervis
obscuris; calycis segmenta 5, lanceolata, apice angustata, intus
strigosay extus hirtella, pilis subflavis; corolla rosea, parce pubescens,
pilis plus minusve glandulosis, tubo sursum gradatim ampliato, labio
superiore erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice obtuso, labio inferiore patulo,
cuneato, apice trilobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina exserta,
filamentis planis, glabris vel deorsum parce et minute hirtellis, lobis
antherarum superpositis, basi albo-caudatis; ovarium glabrum.
Suffrutescent plants up to 3 meters high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous or sparingly and bifariously strigose, the hairs more or less
curved; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to broadly lanceolate, ca. 28 cm, long,
8 cm. wide, acute to short-acuminate, narrowed at base, firm, entire
or shallowly undulate, glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (10 to 15
pairs) prominent beneath, obscure above, the cystoliths numerous and
rather prominent under a lens, up to 0.3 mm. long; petioles stout, up
to 1,5 cm. long and 2 mm. in diameter, glabrous or minutely strigose;
inflorescence a terminal panicle composed of several unilateral spikes
up to 12 cm. long and about 1 cm. wide, the peduncles up to 2 cm. long,
densely and more or less bifariously hirsute, the hairs curved, about
0.3 mm. long, brownish or purple, the rachis similarly hirsute or some
of the hairs spreading and glandular; bracts and bractlets subequal,
lanceolate, the inner surface glabrous or hirsute toward tip, the outer
surface moderately hirsute, the hairs yellowish brown, about 0.5 mm.
long, the margins ciliate with ascending hairs, the bracts 18 mm. long
and 3 mm. wide near base, acute, the bractlets slightly longer than the
bracts, 1 to 2 mm. wide, acuminate, both bracts and bractlets ob-
scurely nerved; caljx 17 mm* long, the segments 5, lanceolate, 15 mm*
long, 2 mm. wide at middle, gradually narrowed to a slender tip,
strigose within, hirtellous without, the hairs yellowish, about 0-3 mm.
long, the costa and lateral veins obscure; corolla 6.5 cm. long, pale
purple ("cdrdeno pdlida," Cuatrecasas) or bright rose (Klug), the tube
rather gradually ampliate upwardly, the basal portion (5 mm. long)
2 mm. in diameter, thence expanding to 6 mm. at throat, sparingly
and finely pubescent, some of the hairs glandular, the upper lip erect,
oblong-ovate, up to 37 mm. long and 8 mm. wide near base, gradually

narrowed to 2 mm* at the rounded subtruncate tip, the lower lip
spreading, 7 mm. wide near tip, gradually narrowed to 5 mm. at base,
the 3 lobes ovate, 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, rounded; stamens
reaching to 7 mm, below tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the fila-
ments flat, glabrous or sparingly and minutely hirtellous toward
—
base, the anther cells slightly superposed, 2.5 mm, long, 1,25 mm,
broad, caudate at base, the tails whitish, about 0.5 mm, long; pistil
extendhig about 5 mm. beyond the stamens, the stigma capitate;
ovary glabrous*
Figure 214. Jusiicia sanchezioides Leonard {Cuatrecasas 10581): Tip of plant showing
a,
inflorescence and leaf blade; b, bract; Cy bractlet; d, a marginal hair from bract; e, tip
of bractlet enlarged to show pubescence (dorsal surface); f, a glandular hair from a
bractlet; g, a segment of the calyx (dorsal surface); A, corolla; /, anther, {a, Half
natural size; h^ c, g, natural size; J, /, 40 times natural size; r, 10 times natural size;
hj about lyi times natural size; z, 5 times natural size.)
Type in the National Herbarium, No. 1798530, collected in

U. S.
the wet forests along the Rio Putumayo at Puerto Ospina, Comisaria
of Putamayo, Colombia, 230 meters altitude^ November 14, 1940, by
J, Cuatrecasas (No. 10581).
CaquetX: Florencia, December 1930 Pirez-ArbeMez 746 (US).

Putumayo: Forests at Umbria, 325 meters altitude, October to November,
1930, Klug 1693 (US), Mocoa, May 23, 1899, Sprague 387 (K).
Santander: San Gil, ApoUnar-Marla 92 (GH). Forests of Soto, Schlim
1093 (K).
LEONARD — THE ACANTIL\CEAE OF COLOMBIA, IJl 575
Justicia sanchezioides is easily recognized by its inflorescence of

unilateral spikes,the narrow bracts and bractlets (these similar),
the large pink flowers, and large glabrous leaf blades.
39. Justicia homoea Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 215
Suflrutex gracilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus (angulis rotund-
atis), minute et antrorse strigosis, pilis aureo-brunneis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovata, apice breviteracuminata, basi subobtusa, firma,
undulata vel leviter et obscure crenulata, utrinquo glabra, costa
et venis subtus conspicuis parce strigosis excepta, venulis graciliter
reticulatis, cystolithis pluribus et conspicuis; petioli aliquant© longi,
ma
densae, axillares et terminal et
rhftchibus subauadransrularib
rigidis, bracteae paululum obovatae, acutae, sessiles, valde
rcctis;
parallelo-nervatae, aliquanto dense pubcrulae, pilis subpapilliformibus,
vel apice pilis paucis longioribus eglandulosis praeditae, marginibus
ciUatis; bracteae similes sed minores; calycis segmenta lineari-
lanceolata, acuta, puberula, pilis papillosis glandulosis et pilis long-
ioribus eglandulosis intermixtis; corolla rosea, dense et retrorse
hirtella, pilis rigidis, tubo subcylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio
superiore erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice rotundato, labio inferiore
mm a
filamentis sursum
pilis rectis, patulis, subalbidis, antheris glabris, lobis verticalibus
superpositis, lobo inferiore caudato; ovarium giabrum.
Slender shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems sub quadrangular, the
angles rounded, minutely and antrorsely strigose, the hairs up to
0.2 mm. long, golden brown; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 26 cm.
long and 11.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, subobtuse at base, firm,
undulate or shallowly and indistinctly crcnate, both surfaces glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins, these conspicuous especially beneath
and sparingly strigose, the hairs up to 0.24 mm. long, the veinlets
delicately reticulate beneath, the cystoliths numerous and con-
cm
mm. thick, mmu
termin
cm. lonsr and 13 mm
the peduncles about 1 cm. long, these and the rachis subquadrangular,
densely hirtellous with yellowish ascending straight rigid hairs i;p to
0.2 mm. long; bracts slightly obovate, 11 mm. long, 4.25 mm. wide
slightly above the middle, acute, sessile, strongly parallel-nerved (4
to 6 pairs of lateral nerves), rather densely puberulous with erect
otrnicrlif trlnnrliilnr Ruhnnnillfltfi hairs UD to 0.03 mm. lons and beariner
toward tip a few additional ascending eglandular hairs up to 0.24 mm.

long, the inner surface essentially glabrous, the margins ciliate with
hairs about 0.16 mm. long; bractlets similar but smaller (6,5 mm. long,
2 mm, wide) calyx
cm. long, the segments linear-lanceolate, 8.5 mm,
; 1
long, 1.5 mm. wide, the pubescence similar to that of the bracts and
bractlets; corolla rose color, 2.3 cm. long, and retrorsely
Figure 2\S.—Justtcia homoea Leonard {Haught 4565): a, Tip of plant; i, bract; c, portion
of bract to show nature of pubescence; d^ bractlet; e^ calyx segment;/, tip of corolla;
g, portion of corolla tube enlarged to show nature of pubescence; A, base of stamen;

I, anther, {a, Half natural size; b, d, e, 3 times natural size; c, 44 times natural
g,
size;/, twice natural size; A, 6 times natural size; i, 5 times natural size.)
mm
mm
5 mm., thence enlarged to 2 mm. at the throat, the Hps
mm. long, the upper lip erect, oblon^-ovate, about 4 mm
base, mm
about 6 mm. wide at base of the lobes, these 3, ovate. 3,5 mm
.
long, the middle one 2 mm. wide, the lateral ones slightly narrower,
all rounded; stamens reaching tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the
filaments flat, glabrous except the auriculate base, the auricles densely
mm
mm. loner, 0.75 mm
and vertically attached to the connective, the cells about equal in
length, the lower one caudate, the tail about 0.75 mm. long and 0.25
mm. wide, rounded at tip; style exserted about 5 mm. beyond the
mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous toward tip, hirtellous toward base,
subcapitate; ovary glabrous except the hu-sute
the stigma minute,
tip, the hau-s ascending, up to 0.32 mm. long, capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S.
wet forest southeast of Chigorodo, 40 km. south of Turbo, Depart-
ment of Antioquia, Colombia, 50 meters altitude, April 15, 1945, by
Oscar Haught (No, 4565)
Justicia homoea has the same habit and general appearance as
Leonard {Haught, No. 4564); in fact, plants o'

J. vhlebovhvlla
same shrub
meters high, with large, almost glabrous, veiny leaves bearing numer-
ous conspicuous cystoliths. The spikes of the two species are,^ how-
dissimilar. Those of J
mm. Ions: and 4.25 mm
4-ranked in J. phlebophylla the flowers are secund
and the flowers are ;
and the bracts are ovate and 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide. The
mar
homoea is rose color.
from
meaning similar, in allusion to its resemblance to J. phlebophylla.
40. Justicia filibracteolata Lindau

Justicia filibracteolata Lindau, Herb. Boiss.
Bull.5: 673. 1897. Type col-
near Manizales, Department of Antioquia,

lected along the Rfo Guacaica
September 14, 1883, by F. C. Lehmann,
Colombia, 1,800 meters altitude,
type (B) in the U. S. National Herbarium (Field
No. 3094. Photograph of
Mus. No. 8826). ,r -o r^ ^
var. hoUonii Hochr. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Dianthera secunda (Vahl) Griscb.
Type collected at La Paila, Department of Cauca, Colombia,
6: 287. 1910.
June 6, 1853, by I. F. Holton, b. n. Holotype NY, isotype K.
Herbs rarely over meter

1 high, erect or ascending, simple or mod-
stems obscurely quadrangula
curved and
mm. Ions, disposed more
cm. long but usually 6 cm
cm. Ions and 6 cm. wide
cm. width, acuminate, often
averaging 15 cm. in length and 3 in
or obtuse), narrowed at base, rather
slenderly so (the tip itself acute
glabrous or sparingly to
thin, entire or undulate, the upper surface
moderately hirsute, the hah's up to 0.75 mm, long, more or less curved,
the lower surface glabrous or very sparingly hirtellous or occasionally
rather densely so, the hairs curved, up to 0,38 mm. long, the costa and
lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) prominent, the cystoliths of both surfaces
small but rather prominent under a lens, up to 0.2 mm. long; petioles
cm
or less densely puberulous with curved hairs; flowers borne in dense
cm
bracts more
or less secund, the rachises and peduncles rather densely
puberulous, the hairs rctrorsely curved, about 0.1 mm. long, the pedun-
cm
the axils of the uppermost leaf blades; bracts subulate, usually up to
mm. ions:. 0.5 mm
hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, brownish; bractlets subulate,
mm
calyx 1 cm. long, deeply segmented, the segments lanceolate, 9 mm.
mm
mm
prominent
violet or lilac, glabrous below, finely pilose toward tip, the hairs
mm
cm, long, 2.5 mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to 4 mm
mouth, the upper lip oblong-elliptic, more or less erect, 12 mm. long,
4 mm. wide at middle, plicate, dorsally pilose, minutely glandular-
puberulous on the upper surface, rounded and emarginatc at tip, the
lower lip ovate, spreading, 13 mm. long, 9 mm. wide, transversely
fluted, saccate, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, rounded, 3 mm. long, 2.5
mm. wide; stamens exsertcd 8 mm, beyond the mouth of the corolla,
the filaments glabrous or bearing a few hairs near the base, the starainal
plaits densely and retrorsely pilose, the anther lobes slightly super-
posed, the connective 0.75 mm. broad, the upper lobe 1.5 mm. long,
0.75 mm.broad, white-pubcrulous on margin, muticous and subapic-
ulate at base, the lower cell 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, white-
ulous on margin, tipped by a white tail about 0.2 mm. long;
style 17 mm. long, glabrous, the stigma minutelv bilobcd: cansnle
mm. long, 3 mm. broad, 2.5 mm
mm and finely puberulous, the
mm
of capsule, there spreading; retinacula 2 mm. long, curved, the tip
thin, obtuse, subcucullate, minutely lacerate; seeds
4, ovate, flattened,
2.5 long, 2 mm.
broad, about 0.5 mm. thick, glabrous, the margin re-
curved over a concave surface and bordered by a row of llattish hairs
mm. long, these merging to form
of seed.
.
The species is partial to forests and growing along

thickets, often
streams. It occurs at various altitudes (50 to 2,000 meters) but

seems to be most common between 1,000 and 2,000 meters.
Aktioquia: Cocornd, Bro. Daniel 1790 (US). Fredonia, Archer 038 (US); Toro
Daniel & Bro. Tom&s 3366 (US). Medellin, Archer 871
842 (NY). Jenc6, Bro.
4772 (US); 4773 (US). Santo Domingo, Scolnik, Araque
(US). Turbo, Haught
tfc Barkley 19 An. 439
(US)
Caidas: La Sombra, east of Apfa, Pemiell 10273 (GH, NY). Rio Quindio,
above Armenia, Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8697 (GH, Ph, NY, US).
Cauca: Timbiqui, Lehmann B. T. 435 (K, NY).
Choc6: Cupica, Fernandez 350 (US). Quebrada Guarapo, near Andagoya,
K'iZ?ip 35198 (US).
Cundinamarca: Choachi, January 18, 1854, Holton s.n., (NY). La Esperanza
Garcia-Barriga 3067 (US). Paime, Ariste- Joseph 1082 (US). Guaduas, Uribe-
C/nfce2336 (US).
El Valle: Valley of Albdn, between Quebradita del Retire and Rio Albdn,
Cuatrecasas 22620 (US). Cuctiilla, cast of Zarzal, Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8505
(GH, NY, US).
Meta: Macoya Guafa, Rio Meta, Cuatrecasas 4139 (Col).
Norte de Santander: Vicinity of Chin£cota, Killip & S7nith 20807 (US).

Pamplona and Cucuta, Garganta-Fdbrega 782 (US).
Villamarina, between
Santander: Vicinity of California, Killip & Smith 17031 (US). Vicinity of
Charta, Killip & Sinith 19040 (GH, US).

Tolima: Buenavista, Triana s.n. (Col, NY). Libano, Pe7inell 3390 (GH,
NY, US).
Without locality: Mutis 1512 (US).
KEY TO THE VARIETIES

glabrous, puberulous or sparingly hirtellous.
Stems
slenderly so) narrowed at base;
Leaf blades lanceolate, acuminate (usually
purple or red-violet var. filibractcclata
corollas pink, red,
oblong-ovate, obtuse, acute or sliort-acuminate at tip,
Leaf blades ovate to
base; corollas blue var. azurea
rounded or abruptly narrowpd at
the hairs more or less disposed in two lines.
Stems rather densely pilose or hirsute,
gray-pilosulous var. puhesccns
Inflorescence conspicuously _
Inflorescence not gray-pilosulous, the hairs brownish.

y^v. leucanlha
Corollas white
vav, aurantiaca
Corollas orange-yellow
var. lilacina
Corollas lilac
40a. Justicia filibracteolata Lindau var. azurea Leonard, var. nov.
subquadrangularibus, pubenilis, pilis retrorse

Herba caulibus
lamina foliorum
jer acuminata (a"
olum
segmenta minute
corolla azurea.
stems subquadrangular, puberulous,
Herbs about 1.8 meters high,
curved; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse,
the hairs retrorsely
np.ntft or short-acuminate (the tip itself acute), rounded or narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole; petioles up to 2 cm. long, puber-

ulous with recurved hairs; rachises, bracts, bractlets
and calyx seg-
ments minutely hirtellous and ciliolate; corolla blue.
thicket along the Rio Dagua, near Cisneros,
Department of El Valle,
Colombia, 300 to 500 meters altitude. May 5, 1939, by E P Kmin^
*
(No. 35589).
40b. Justicia fiUbracteolata Lindau var. pubescens
Lindau
Juslicia fiUbracteolata Lindau var. pubescens
Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss 5-
674^ 1897. Type collected in the vicinity of Ocaiia, Department of
Norte
de Santandcr, Colombia, 3,500 meters altitude, by
L. Schlim, No. 196.
Suffrutescent subscandent herbs up to 1 meter high
or more; stems
and leaf blades moderately to rather densely hu-sute,
the hairs up to
mm. lone:, more
more
mm. long; calyx segments
to
Justicia Jilihracteolata var. pubescens is a forest
plant usually found
between 1,600 and 2,200 meters altitude.
Cundinamarca: La Palma, road to Pacho along the
Rfo Murca, Garcia-
Burnga 12417 (US). El Pefi6n, Hacienda Curiche,
Garcia-Barriga 12467 (US)
Santander: Vicinity of California, &

Vicinity of Suratd, Killip & Smith I649I
Smith 17042 (OH
Killiv NY US)
(GH, NY, US), 16816 (GH NY US)
San Juan Valley, vicinity of Puerto Berrio, Haught '
1862 (US).
40c. Justicia fiUbracteolata Lindau var. leucantha Leonard, var. nov.
Hcrba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, dense
bifariam pilosis, pilis
retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum
magna, oblongo-elliptica; corolla
alba.
Suffrutescent herbs up to 1 meter high or
more; stems subquad-
rangular, pilose, the hairs retrorsely
curved, disposed in two hnes
brownish, up to 1 mm. long; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic, up to 20 cm'
long and 9 cm. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself acute), narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole,
the upper surface glabrous to
sparingly pilose, the lower surface more
densely so, the hairs of both
surfaces brownish, up to 1.5 mm. long,
subappressed to ascending
more numerous on costa and veins of the lower leaf-surface than
else-
where; corolla white; capsules densely
puberulous, in other respects
similar to the typical variety.
Type in the U
S.
at
500 meters altitude at ViUavicencio, Intendencia of
Meta, Colombia
(No Her
barium. No
The following also represent the variety;
Cundinamarca: Moist forest between Pipiral and Susumuco, southeast of

Quetame, Pennell 1714 (GH, NY).
Meta: Dense humid forests on the bank of Rio Guapaya, Sierra de la Ma-
carena, Philipson, Idrobo <& Ferndndez 1580 (BM, US). Rich soil of damp rocky
woods along the Rio Guatiqufa, vicinity of Villavicencio, Araque & Barkley
18M.015 (US); 18M.026 (US); 18M.027 (US). Ocoa, near Villavicencio, Schiefer
828 (GH). Villavicencio, KilUp 34355 (US); Sprague 139 (K). Along the Rio
Guamal between Acacias and San Martin, 430 meters altitude, Uribe-Uribe
1320 (US).
The heavy brownish bifarious pilosity of the stems, the large

oblong-elliptic short-acuminate leaf blades, and the white corollas are
characters of Justicia Jilibracteolata var. leucantha which readily
from collected
between 1,100 and 1,300 meters, the other specimens cited were from
between 350 and 500 meters. The specific epithet leucantha is from
the greek Xcukos, white, and ai^ôs, flower.
40d. Justicia filibracteolata Lindau var. aurantiaca Leonard, var, nov.
Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, pilosis, pilis brunneis, plus

minusve bifariam dispositis; lamina foliorum plus minusve dense
pilosis; corolla aurantiaca.
Suffrutescent: stems subquadrangular, these and the rachises rather
mm. lonsr. more
disposed cm
cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate
decurrent on the petiole, both surfaces pilose, the younger leaves
densely so, the hau-s brownish, up to 1.5 mm. long, subappressed to
spreading; petioles about 1 cm. long, pilose at least above; bracts and
calyx segments conspicuously ciliate, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long,
m
Type in the U. National Herbarium, No. 1773531, collected at
S.
Villavicencio, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 500 meters altitude,
November 11, 1938, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 4701).

Justicia Jilibracteolata var. aurantiaca seems to be more closely
related to the variety pubescens than to the typical variety.
40e. Justicia filibracteolata Lindau var. lilacina Leonard, var. nov.
Herba minusve
vel suffrutex, caulibus plus bifariam pilosa, pilis
brunneis, lamina foliorum saepe magna, oblongo-elliptica, acuta vel

breviter acuminata; corolla lilacina.
Herbs becoming suffrutescent; stems subquadrangular, pilose, the
hairs brownish, curved, up to 1 more or less disposed in two
mm. long,
rows; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 20 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide,
acute or short-acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the
Detiole : corollas lilac.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No

Comisaria del Canuctd. Colom
me
(No. 9147).
Meta: Stones on river bank, Rfo Guapaya, Sierra de la Macarena, 450 meters
altitude, November 29, 1949, Philipson, Idroho & Fernandez
1G27 (BM, US);
1634 (BH).
PuTAMAYo; Umbrfa, Khig 17C8 (Gil, S, US).
41. Justicia porphyrocoma Leonard, sp. nov. Fiqure 216

Herba vcl suffrutex, asccndens, in nodis radicans, caulibus sub-
quadrangularibus, deorsum glabris, siirsum retrorse pilosis, pilis
septatis;lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuta vel acuminata, basi
angustata, supra dense pilosa, pilis purpureis, curvatis, ascendentibus,
conspicuo septatis, subtus plus minusve glabra, costa et venis hirtellis,
pilis parvis, patcntibus, cystolithis obscuris;
petioli gracilcs, plus
minusve pilosi; spicae termlnales, pedunculo aliquanto longo, quad-
rangulari, bifariara hirsuto, pilis asccndcntibus, rhachc glabra vd
parcc
hirtella; bractcac lanceolatae, acutae, glabrae,
cystolithis minutis,
parallelis, conspicuis; bracteolae lanceolatae, glabrae vel apice
hirtellae; segmenta anguste lanccolata, acuminata, glabra,
calycis
marginibus minute ciliolatis exceptis, pilis ascendentibus, c3^stolithis
plus minusve conspicuis; corolla ignota; capsulae clavatae,
glabrae;
rctinacula angusta, curvata, apice acuta; scmina plana,
subbrunnea,
muricata.
Herbs or suffrutcscent plants up cm. high or more, ascending,
to GO
rooting at the nodes; stems subquadrangular, about 4 mm. in
diameter
near base, the lower parts glabrous, the upper parts retrorscly
pilose,
the hairs up to 0.6 mm. long,
conspicuously septate; leaf blades oblong-
elliptic, up to 10 cm. long and 2.5 cm.
wide, acute to acuminate, nar-
rowed at base, the upper surface rather densely pilose, the hairs
purplish, curved, ascending, up to 0.75 mm. long,
conspicuously
septate; the lower surface more or less glabrous except
the costa and
veins (about 8 pairs), these hirtellous, the hairs
ascending, about
0.28 mm. long, the cystoliths obscure; petioles up to 1.5
cm. long,
rather slender, more or less pilose; flowers borne in
terminal spikes
up to 6 cm. long and 15 mm.
broad; peduncles 2 to 3 cm. long, quad-
rangular, bifariously hirsute, the hairs ascending, the rachis
glabrous
or sparingly hu-tellous; bracts lanceolate, about 5 mm.
long and 2 mm.
wide, acute, glabrous, the cystoliths minute, parallel,
conspicuous;
bractlets lanceolate, about 6.5 mm. lone: and 1.5 mm. wide, acute
X 7 mJ
— mm
segmented, the segments narrowly lane mm. wide, acu-
mmate, minutely ciholate, the hairs ascending;, the cvstoliths more
less conspicuous; corollas not seen; capsules clavate, mm

4 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, dabrous, the rctinacula 2 mm
e at tip; seed (immature) ovoid, flattened, about 2 mm
mm. wide, brownish, muricate.
Figure 216. /
a liair from the upper surface of a leaf blade; c,
to show leaves and inflorescence; I,
and small poriion of a bract to show

node of Inflorescence to show a bract brartlet; d, a
calyx segment;/, valve of a capsule, dorsal view.

cystoliths and ciUolated margin; ^, a
natural times natural size; d, about 9 times
(a Natural size; b, 25 times size; c, T^/i
natural size; e, \% times natural size;/, twice natural size.)

Type In the U. S.
Paime, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1922, by Bro.
Ariste-Joscph (No. ''B").
The specific epithet is from the Greek Top(f>vptos, purple, and ko/it;,
pubescence of the upper surface of the leaf

hairs, in allusion to the
blades.
42. Jusficia periplocifolia Jacq.
Justicta periplocifolia Jacq. Collect, Suppl.

6, pi 7, fig. 2. 1796. Type collected
at Caracas, Venezuela, by Jacquin. Photograph of type in the Vienna Her-
barium in the U. S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. No. 32730).
Justicia reflexiflora Vahl, Enum. 1: 157. 1804. Type collected on gravelly
mountain, St. Thomas, West Indies, by Richard.
Adhatoda periplocifolia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 395. 1847. Based on Justicia
periplocifolia Jacq.
Adhatoda reflexiflora Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 398. 1847. Based on Justicia
reflexiflora Vahl.
SufFrutesccnt sometimes weakly clambering over small

plants,
bushes; stems terete or the upper portions obscurely quadrangular,
glabrous or the nodes bearing a few minute curved subappressed
hairs
cm. long and 2.5 cm. wid
t base, moderately firm
both surfaces glabrous or the costa and
mm
the^ venation obscure, the cystoliths minute and inconspicuous;
petiolesup to 1 cm. long, minutely puborulous; flowers sessile, axillary
or the uppermost forming dense to lax spikes, these sometimes
up to
6 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad; bracts and bractlets subequal, linear-
lanceolate, 15 mm. long, the bracts 1.5 mm. wide, the bractlets 1 mm.
wide, both bracts and bractlets slenderly acuminate, sparingly
hirtel-
mm. long, usually some of them glandular; calyx
12 mm. long, deeply
lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate mar
corolla up cm. long, rose-red, sparingly pubescent, the^hairs
to 4.5
up to 0.2 mm. long, some of them glandular, the corolla tube up to
2.5 cm. long, 3 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm. above
base to
2 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 5.5 mm. at mouth, the upper
lip conical-ovate, 2 cm. long, erect, 8 mm.
wide at base, 1.5 mm. wide
at tip, rounded or shallowly cmarginate, the lower lip
spreading,
oblong, 10 mm. wide, trilobate at tip, the lobes ovate, 7 mm. long,
4 mm. wide at base, rounded; stamens exserted 15 mm. beyond mouth
of the corolla, the filaments glabrous, the anther lobes superposed,
flat,
the connective 0.5 mm. wide, the upper lobe 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm!
wide, the lower 3.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, the base
tipped by a
white blunt sigmoid tail 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide; style
reaching
tip of stamens, glabrous or bearing a few minute
hairs toward base;
capsules clavate, 15 mm. long, 6 mm. broad. 5 mm. thick rthfi solirl'
mm. loner. 4 mm
mm
mm. in diameter, 2 mm.minutely gray tomentose
thick,
eciduous leaving the seed reddish brown to black, smoot
Occasional in northern South America but more general in Mexico

and the West Indies, Thickets, slopes, and banks, limited more or
less to coastal regions.
Arauca: RJo Casanare, Barranco de Atahuarpa, altitude 120 meters, Cuatrecasas

4269.
43. Justlcia sciota Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 217

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris; lamina foliorum
oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi an-
gustata, firma, Integra, utrinque glabra vel costa et venis prominenti-
bus, puberulis, cystolithis prominentibus; petioli glabri; spicae axil-
pedunculis et rhachibus minute
lares, solitariae vel binae, graciles,
et parce strigosis; bracteae subulatae, subcarinatae, parce strigosae;
bracteolae anguste triangulares, acutae, parvae; calycis segmenta
parva, triangularia, acuta, ciliata; corolla alba, puberula, tubo ali-
quanto angusto, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore triangulo-ovato,

apice rotundato et emarginato, labio inferioreoblongo, triloba to, lobiis
oblongO'Ovatis, apice rotundatis ; stamina vix exserta, filamentis
glabris, lobis antherarum superpositis, rectis, glabris, lobo inferiore
subacuto; ovarium glabrum.
Herbs up to 130 cm. high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous; leaf
blades oblong-elliptic, up to 20 cm. long, 7 cm. wîde, short-acuminate
(the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base, firm, entire, both surfaces
glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) sparingly puberu-
lous, the hairs curved, about 0,2 mm. long, the venation rather
prominent, more so beneath than above, the cystoliths prominent
beneath, up to 0,2 mm. long, obscure above; petioles up to 15 cm.
long, glabrous; spikes solitary or In pairs, up to 4 cm, long and 8 mm.
broad, rather dense, the peduncles (up to 3 cm. long) and rachises
minutely and sparingly strigose, the hairs up to 0*1 mm. long; bracts
subulate, subcarinate, 5 mm. long, 0.5 mm, wide near base, sparingly
strigose, the hairs about 0.1 mm. long; bractlets narrowly triangular,
1.5 mm, long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, sharply acute, ciliate; calyx 3 mm.
long, the segments nearly triangular, 0.75 mm. wide at base, sharply
acute, ciliate, bearing several small trichomes at tip; corolla white, pu-
berulous, up mm. long, the tube 2.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed
to 38
to 1.5 mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm, at
mouth, the lips up to 11 mm* long, the upper lip triangular ovate,
5 mm. wide at base, emarglnate and rounded at tip, the lower Up
oblong, 5 mm. wide at base, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes obiong-ovate,
about 8 mm. long, the middle lobe 4 mm. wide, the lateral slightly
narrower, all rounded; stamens exserted about 10 mm, beyond mouth
of corolla, the filaments glabrous the anthers superposed, almost
vertically attached, the connective 1.5 mm. long between points of
388179—57 18
—
attachment and 0.5 mm* wide, the lobes 2.25 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad,
glabrous, the lower lobe subacute at base; ovary glabrous; capsule
not seen.
Typo in the Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, No.
1014436, collected in forest at Popontc, in the Magdalena Valley,
Figure 217. Leonard {Cyril Allen 844); ^, Tip of plant showing inflorescence
Justicia scioia
and leaf blade; h, bract, bractlet and calyx; c, bractlet enlarged to show pubescence;
dj calyx segment; e^ corolla;/, anther, (a, Half natural size; b^ 3}i times natural size;
c, d, 6 times natural size; e^ natural size;/, 4 times natural size.)
Departmont Magdalena, Colombia, December 12, 1924, by Cyril

of
Allen (No. 844), Isotype: K.
The specimens examined had dried to a dark olive-black color.
The corollas of the Kew specimens were much smaller (about 24 mm,
long) than those of the Missouri sheet. The specific epithet is from
the Greek c/ctcoris, meaning shaded-
44. Justicia phlebophylla Leonard, sp, nov. Figure 218

Frutex gracilis, caulibus quadrangularibus, sursum minute antrorse
strigosis, pilis subflavis, deorsum lamina foliorum oblongo-
glabris;
ovata vel elliptica, apice acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi acuta vel
obtusa vel rotundata, firma et aliquanto cliartacea, glabra vel subtus
in costa minute strigosa, cystolithis pluribus et conspicuis; petioli
crassi, glabri vel parce et minute strigosi; spicae solitariae vel plures,
terminales, floribus secundis dense praeditae, pcdunculis minute
strigosis vel subglabris, rhache dense puberula, pilis brunneis; bracteae
arete appressae, ovatae, acutae, valde 5-7-nervatae, puberulae;
bracteae flores subtendentes triangulares, acutae, striato-nervatae,
minute birsutae et ciliolatae; bracteolae triangulares, acutae, ciliatae;
calycis segmenta lincari-lanccolata, acuta vel subacuta, obscure
striata, graciliter et parce pubcscentia et ciliata; corolla aliquanto
parva, purpurea, in fauce albo-lincata, tubo subcylindrico, labio
superiore erecto, triangulo-ovato, apice acuto, labio inferiore patulo,
3-lobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina cxserta, filamentis in margine pilis
minutis glandulosis praeditis, lobis antherarum superpositis, rectis,
lobo inferiore breviter albo-calcarato; ovarium apice pubcscens.
Slender shrub; stems quadrangular, glabrous below, the upper
portions minutely and upwardl}^ strigose, the hairs yellowish, up to
OJl mm, long; leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, up to 20 cm. long
and 10,5 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate, acute, obtuse or rounded
at base, firm and somewhat chartaceous, both surfaces glabrous or
the costa beneath minutely and inconspicuously strigose, the cystoliths
numerous and conspicuous; petioles up to 5.5 cm. long and 2,25 mm,
thick, glabrous or sparingly and minutely strigose; spikes one to
several, terminal, up to 8 cm. long and 1 cm. broad, densely flowered,
the peduncles up to 4 cm. long, minutely strigose to subglabrous, the
rachis densely brown-puberulous with hairs up to 0.2 mm. or occa-
sionally longer, the flowers secund; sterile bracts opposite the flowers
closely appressed to the rachis, ovate, 3 mm. long, L5 mm, wide near
base, acute, strongly 5- to 7-ncrved, puberulous like the rachis; bracts
subtending the flowers triangular, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base,
acute, striate nerved, minutely hirsute and ciliolate; bractlets triangu-
lar, 1.75 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, acute, ciliate, the basal
hairsup to 0.5 mm. long, othenvise glabrous or nearly so^ the cystoliths
minute but conspicuous on both bracts and bractlets; calyx 1 cm. long,
the segments subulate, 6-8 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, acuminate,
striate, finely and sparingly pubescent and ciliate, the hairs up to 0.25
mm. long; corolla 3 cm. long, rather densely pubescent with hairs
variously curved and about 0.16 mm. long, purple with light lines on
the medial inner surface of lips and throat, the corolla tube 2 mm.
broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 4 mm, above base, thence

gradually enlarged to 5 mm,
mouth, the upper lip erect, triangular,
at
about 5 mm, wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, the
lower lip spreading, oblong with narrowed base, 6.5 mm. wide, trun-
%,
FiGURE 2l8.~Justicta phlebophylla Leonard {a, b, d-g, Haught 4564; c, Hodge 6978): a,
Tip of plant showing leaf and inflorescence; b^ portion of leaf blade bordering costa
(under surface) enlarged to show veinlets and cystoliths; f, portion of spike, ventral
view; d, bract, a bractlet and calyx; /, a calyx segment;/, corolla; g, anther, {a. Half
natural size; b^ about 4 times natural size; c, natural size; i^ 2}i times natural size;
e, 4 times natural size;/, twice natural size; g, 8 times natural size.)
cate at tip and 3-Iobed, the lobes rounded, 1 mm, long, the middle one
2,5 mm.wide, the lateral ones 2 mm. wide; stamens almost reaching
the tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the filaments bearing a row of
minute glandular hairs, the anthers 3 mm. long and 0.75 mm. thick.
the lobes superposed, L5 mm. long, vertically attached to the con-

nective, the lower lobe terminating in a blunt white spur 0.5 mm.
long; ovary pubescent at tip; capsules not seen.
Type U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1995081, collected along
in the
a stream in wet forest southeast of Chigorodo, 40 km. south of Turbo,
Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 50 meters altitude, April 15,
1945, by Oscar Haught (No. 4564).
Antioquia: Dense damp forests between Rfo Guap^ and Rfo Ledn^ 100 meters
altitude, March 18, 1948, Eduardo Ruiz Landa^ Rafael Rivera, & Fred A. Barkley
18C,430 (US). Trail through rain forests near Villa Arteaga, 150 meters altitude,
December 6, 1948, F. Ldpez <& M, J. Sanchez 41 (US); August 4 to 8, 1947, W. if.
Hodge 6978 (US)-
The dense spikes, with small triangular bracts, the slender calyx
segments, and the relatively large, papery, conspicuously veiny leaf
blades covered with cystoliths are the distinguishing: characteristics
of J. phlebophylla. The specific epithet is from the Greek AXe^^
and 4>v\\ovy leaf.
45. Justicia malacophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 219

Frutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum dense hirtellis vel
plus minusve tomentosis, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus vel patulis,
deorsum teretibus, glabratis, cortice cinereo, nodis tumidis; lamina
foliorum lanceolato-ovata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso),
basi angustata, firma, Integra vel undulata, supra hirsuta, pilis
ascendentibus vel subappressis, costa et venis lateralibus dense hir-
sutis, pilis patulis, subbrunneis, subtus dense et molUter hirsuta, pilis
rectis vel leviter curvatis, patulis, subbrunneis, costa et venis promi-
nentibus, cystolithis utrinque subter pilis obscuris; petioli dense
hirsuti ;
paniculae terminales, foliosae, ramis spicatis, erectis vel
suberectis; pedunculi et rhaches dense et molliter hirsuti, pilis sub-
brunneis ascendentibus; bracteae lanceolatae, apice subobtusae, dense
et molliter hirsutae; bracteolae bracteas similes sed angustiores;
calycis segmenta 5, lanceolata, acuminata, aliquanto dense hirtella,
saepe erecta; corolla aliquanto magna, rubra, minute pubescens, pilis
rectis, patulis, tubo anguste infundibuliformi, labiis subaequalibus,
labio superiore oblongo-ovato, apice bilobato, lobis rotundatis, mar-
ginibus subhyalinis et glabris, labio inferiore suberecto, 3-lobato,
lobis oblongis, apice rotundatis; stamina exserta, filamentis glabris,
lobis antherarum superpositis, recte ad connectivo annexis, lobo
inferiore breviter caudato; capsulae clavatae, subobtusae, glabrae,
retinaculis curvatis, oblongis, apice rotundatis; semina (immatura)
brunnea, plana, muricata, glabra.
Shrubs; stems hirtellous or more or less tomentose, densely so near
the tips, the hairs appressed, ascending or spreading, 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
—
long, the main stems terete, glabrate, up to 6,5 mm. in diameter or

more, the bark gray, tiie nodes swollen; leaf blades lance-ovate, up to
10.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse),
Figure 219. Leonard (Cuatrecasas 20941): a, Tip of plant to show

Justicia malacophylla
leaves and inflorescence; b, node and basal portion of branch from lower part of stem;
r, portionof under side of leaf blade enlarged to show pubescence; i/, node of inflorescence
to show calyx and scars left by fallen bracts and bractlets (one bractlet remaining);
e, node of inflorescence from near the tip to show bract and bractlets;/, corolla;
g,
anther, {a^ Natural siê; b, about half natural size; c-e^ twice natural size;/, \}i times
natural size; g, about 6 times natural size.)
narrowed and acute at base, firm, entire or undulate, the upper sur-
face hirsute, the hairs ascending to subappressed, up to 0,5 mm. long,
the costa densely hirsute with brownish spreading hairs, it and the
lateral veins obscure, the lower surface denselyand softly hirsute, the
hairs straight or slightly curved^ 0.5 mm. long, hght brownish, erect,
the costa and lateral veins prominent, the cystoliths of both surfaces
obscured by the pubescence; petioles 5 to 15 mm* long, densely hirsute;
flowers borne in leafy panicles of erect or suhercct spikes up to 11 cm.
long and 8 mm, broad (excluding cm-
corollas), the panicles up to 17
long and 6 cm. broad, the peduncles up to 2.5 cm. long, the lowermost
internodes of the rachis 5 mm. long, the others SQCCCSsively shorter
toward both peduncle and rachis densel}^ and softly
tip of spikes,
hirsute with light brownish ascending hairs; bracts lanceolate, 8 mm.
long, 2.25 mm. wide, obtusish at tip, densely and softly hirsute;
bractlets 1.25 mm, wîde, in other respects similar to the bracts; calyx
6.5mm. long, deeply dividedJnto|5 segments, these lanceolate, 1.75
mm. wide near base, acuminate, rather densel}^ hirtellous, erect or
appressed to the ovary; corolla up to 4.7 cm. long, red, minutely
pubescent with straight spreading hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, the tube
2,5 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm* above base to 1.5 mm.
thence gradually enlarged to 7 mm. at throat, the lips subequal, 22
mm. long, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, 8 mm. wide at base,
bilobed at apex, the lobes rounded, 0,5 mm. long, 0.75 mm, wide, the
margins subhyaline and glabrous, the lower lip subcrcct, 34obcd, the
lobes oblong, 1 cm. long, 2.5 mm, wide, rounded at tip; stamens ex-
serted 15 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the filaments
glabrous, the anthers 5 mm. long, the lobes superposed, 2.75 mm, long,
0,75 mm. broad, vertically attached to the connective, the basal end
of the lowêr lobe terminating in a blunt w^hitish tail; capsules clavate,
17 mm, long, 4.25 mm. broad, 3.5 mm, thick, subobtuse, glabrous;
retinacula curved, oblong, 2 mm. long, the tip rounded; seed (im-
\ mature), glabrous, brown, flattened, murlcate, the projections rounded.
Type in the U, S. National Herbarium, No. 1900474, collected in
the Quebrada de los Osos, in the valley of the Rio Bugalagrande,
Cordillera Central, Department of El Vallc, Colombia, 2,170 meters
altitude, April 20, 1946, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 20941),
Justicia malacophylla has apparently no close relatives among
the Colombian species of Acanthaceae. The specific epithet is from
the Greek and was suggested by the soft velvety leaves, juaXaKos, soft,
and 4?vWoyy leaf,
46. Justicia pelianthia Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 220

Frutex parvus, caulibus subquadrangularibus (angulis roiundatus),
minute et plus minusve bifariam strigosis, sursum pilis aufeo-brunneis;
lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica vcl obovata,' apice subobtusa et
T 1
^^
apiculata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma,

Integra vel undulata, supra glabra, costa et venis lateralibus minute
strigosis exceptis, subtus glabra, costa et venis dense et minute

J
pilis aureo-brunneis, cystolithis conspicui
minute strierosi; panicula tenninalis, ramis
floribus Tum minute bifariam
aureo-brunneis, pedicellis brevibus, subglabris; bracteae
strigosis, pilis
infimae foliaceae, bracteae summae et bracteolae parvae, lanceolatae,
acutae, firmae, minute strigosae, pilis aureo-brunneae; calycis
segmenta lanceolata, acuta, firma, strigosa vel puberula^ pilis curvatis,
minutis, aureo-brunneis; corolla purpurea, parco et minute pubescens,
pilis patulis, glandulosis, tubo coroUarum subcylindrico, labio supe-
riore recto, lineari-oblongo, apice rotundato et leviter emarginato,

labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, oblongo, apice truncato, leviter
34obato, lobis rotundatis vel obtusis; stamina exserta, lobis anthe-
rarum superpositis, lobo superiore horizontali, lobo inferiore plus
minusve recto, basi calcarato; ovarium glabrum.
Small shrub; stems sub quadrangular (the angles rounded), minutely
strieôse. the hairs averasine 0.13 mm. in length, more or less bifari-
of
stem e:olden-brown: leaf
vate, up to 21 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, subobtuse and apiculate,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather firm, entire or
undulate, the upper surface glabrous except costa and lateral veins,
these minutely strigose, the hairs similar to those of the stems, the
cystoliths prominent, the lower surface glabrous except the costa and
lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs) these densely but minutely strigose, the
hairs golden-brown, up to 0.32 mm. long, those of the costa confined
chiefly to its margins, the cystoHths conspicuous, 0.25 to 0.32 mm. i
long; petioles up to 3,5 cm^ long, rather stout, minutely strigose

borne in a terminal panicle about
like the stems; flowers secund,
16 cm. long and broad, the lateral branches of the inflorescence
composed of 1 to 3 rather loose spikes, these few-flowered, up to
about 3 cm. lone:, the peduncle 2 mm. long, the lowermost internodes
cm
mmutely and densely
mm. in length, more
2 mm. Ions:, srlabrous
lowermost
small
mm mm. wide, acute, firm, strigose with minu
ictlets resembling the bracts; calyx 7 mm. Ion
deeply segmented, the segments lanceolate, 3.5 mm. wide at about tht
middle, acute, firm, 3-nerved, strigose or puberulous, the hairs curved
averaging 0.13 mm. in length, golden-brown; corollas purple, up tc
6.5 cm. long, sparingly and minutely pubescent, the hairs spreading
up to 0.2 mm, long, gland-tipped, the corolla tube subcylindric,

about 2-5 mm. broad at base, 5 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip
erect, linear-oblong, 3.3 cm. long, about 6 mm. wide near base, 3 mm.
wide near the rounded shallowly emarginate tip, the lower lip more
Figure 220,— Justicia pdianthia Leonard (Cuatrecasas 11157): a, Node and leaf; i, basal
branch of inflorescence; c, node of inflorescence to sKow brarts and one of a pair of
bractlets; d, a segment of the calyx; ^, dorsal portion of calyic segment enlarged to show
hairs and cystoliths; /, tip of corolla; g^ pubescence of corolla; A, anther, (a, Half
natural size;i,/, natural si2e;r, if, about twice natural size; ^, about 8}^ times natural
size; g, llj^^ times natural size; A, about 4 times natural size,}
or less spreading, oblong, 3.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, truncate and shal-
lowly 3-lobed at tip, the lobes rounded or obtuse, 2.5 mm. wide and
1 mm. long; stamens glabrous, exserted 2.5 cm. beyond the mouth
of the corolla tube, the anther lobes superposed one about 0.5 mm.
594 CONTRIBUTIOXS FROM THE HERBARIUM
above the other, the upper lobe liorizontally attached, the lower more
or less vertical and terminated at base by a white blunt spur 0.5 mm.
long; style slightly shorter than the stamens; ovary glabrous; capsules
not seen.
in the
wet woods between Qucbrada de la Hormiga and San Antonio del
Giiamu^s, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia, 330 meters altitude,
December 18> 1940, by
Cuatrccasas (No. 11157).
J.
Justicia pelianthia is readily recognized by its large erect purplish
corollas, by the flowers being secund in short spikes, these forming a
broad, rather flat panicle, and by the minute golden-brown pubescence
of the panicle branches. Apparently it has no close relatives among
the Colombian species. The specific epithet is from the Greek
TfXtos, livid, and avdeiov, blossom.
47. Justicia anabasa Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 221
Suffrutex scandens, caulibus subquadrangularibus, substrigosis,
demum glabratis, pilis curvatis, rigidis; lamina foliorum ovata vel
efliptica, brevitcr acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, ali-
quanto firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque parce hirsuta, costa et
venis lateralibus aliquanto hirsutis, pilis curvatis, rigidis, cystolithis
obscuris; petioli dense hirsuti, pilis antrorse curvatis, rigidis; racemi
axillares et terminales, laxi, pcdunculis et rhachibus subquadrangulari-
bus, hirsutis, pilis curvatis, plus minusve patulis; bracteae florcs
subtendentes parvae, oblongo-ovatae, acutae, subcarinatae, parce
hirsutae; bracteae ramos racemi subtendentes oblongae, obtusae,
hirsutae et ciliatae vel bracteae infimae foliiformcs; calycis segmenta
linearia, acuta, aliquanto hirsuta, pilis antrorse ascendentibus vol
subapprcssis, pilis marginalibus longioribus, ascendentibus; corolla
brunneo-aurantiaca, deorsum pallida, aliquanto hirsuta, pilis plus
minusve patulis vel basi retrorsis, glandulosis et eglandulosis intcr-
mixtis, tubo anguste infundibuliformi, labiis curvatis, subaequalibus,
labio superiore oblongo-ovato, apice bilobato, lobis aliquanto parvis,
apice rotundatis, labio inferiore Icviter patulo, oblongo-ovato, 3-
lobato, lobis aliquanto parvis, apice rotundatis; stamina labium
m
glabris, supcrpositis, verticalibus, lobo inferiore brevitcr caudato;
um corolJae excedcns, dan rum
minute
Woody vine; stems subquadrangular, hirsute to substrigose, the
hairs upwardly curved, up to 0.26 mm. long, rigid, septate but not
conspicuously so, the lower parts of the stems glabrate; leaf blades
ovate to elliptic, up cm. long and 4 cm. wide, short-acuminate
to 8
(the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base, modcratelv firm, entire or
LEONARD —THE ACAXTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 595
ndulate
d
mm
mm
hairs: flowers borne in axillary few-flowered racemes (2-4 pairs of flow-
some
stems, UD to 5 cm. lonir; peduncles 10 to 20 mm
mm
\ Figure lll.^Justicia anabasa Leonard {Killip U Smith 16091): a, Tip of branch to show
inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of under surface of leaf blade enlarged to show
pubescence; c, calyx and bract; d, portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence;
e, upper lip of corolla, /, lower lip of corolla, g, anther; h, portion of corolla enlarged to
show pubescence, (a^ Natural size; b, 4}^ times natural size; c, 2}i times natural size;
d, 16 times natural size; e,f, about 3 times natural slîc; ^, about 6 times natural size;
Aj about 37 times natural size.)
mm
the internodes usually 10 to 15 mm. longj slender; calyx sessfle or sub-
sessile at the tips of tlie slender pedicel-like branches, these 5 to 8 mm.
long, hirsute like the rachis and bearing an apical pair of oblong-
mm. lone:. 0.5 mm
ingly hirsute; bracts subtending the flower-bearing branches oblong,
mm. lonsr, 0.7o mm
lowermost pair broader and leaflike: calyx 7 to 8 mm
ments mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, acute, moderately hirsute,

linear, 6.5
the hairs up to 1 mm. long, ascending to upwardly subappressed
or the marginal ones longer (up to 0.25 mm. long) and ascending;
corollas "burnt orange, paler proximally" (Killip & Smith), 3 to 3.5
cm. long, rather densely hirsute, the hairs more or less spreading ex-
cept toward base, here retrorse, up to 0.13 mm. long, some of them
gland-tipped, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 3 mm. above
base to 1.5 mm gradually
5 mm. at mouth, the lips subequal, curved, about 2 cm. long, the
upper lip oblong-ovate, about 4 mm. broad near base, thence gradually
narrowed to a 2-lobed tip, the lobes about 1.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, rounded at tip, the lower lip slightly spreading, oblong-ovate,
about 4 mm. wide at base, 3-lobed, the lobes oblong, about 2 mm. long
and 1 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens exserted, reaching within
2 mm. of the tip of the upper lip and partially enfolded by it, the
filaments glabrous, the anthers cells curved, 2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
broad, glabrous, superposed and attached vertically to the connective,
their lower and upper tips overlapping 1.25 mm., the lower cell
calcarate, the tail blunt at tip ; style slightly exceeding the lips of the
corolla, glabrous except at base, here sparingly
and minutely hirtel-
lous, the stigma bilobed, the lobes minute and rounded; ovary
glabrous; capsule not seen.
Type m
the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1351865, collected in
woods in the vicinity of Las Vegas, Department of Santander, Colom-
meters altitude. Decemb
Killip and Albert C. Smith GH
Justicia The specific
from the Greek word di-a/Sdo-a, meaning /
y
m
/
48. Justicia aurantiaca Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 222
Frutex vel sufFrutex, caulibus subquadrangularlbus, glabris; lamina
foliorum elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi angustata, membranacca,
Integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, cystolithls nuUis; petioli
ahquanto graciles, glabri; cymae subhehcoideae, axillares et terminales,
pedunculo glabro, subquadrangulari; internodia inflorescentiae apice
dilatata, glabra vel bifariam et parce hirtella, pilis subappressis;
segment is
membranaceis aurantiaca
magna
ore erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice subacuto, labio Inferiore patulo vel
recurvato, cuneato, 3-lobato, lobis oblongo-ovatis, rotundatis; stam-
ma exserta, glabra, lobis antherarum superpositis, recte ad connectlvo
annexis, lobo inferiore basi breviter caudato: pistillum stamina leviter
excedens; stigma minutum, bilobatum, lobis inaequalibus, rotunda tis;

ovarium glabrum.
Shrubs or suffruticose herbs up to 1.5 meters high or more; stems
quadrangular, glabrous; leaf blades elliptic, up to 21 cm. long and
10 cm. wide, short-acuminate, narrowed at base, thin, entire or
undulate, glabrous on both surfaces; cystoHths lacking; petioles up
to 4 cm. long, glabrous; flowers borne in axillary and terminal sub-
helicoid cymes 2.5 to 4 cm. long (excluding corollas), the peduncles
Figure 222,—Justicia aurantiaca Leonard (Grant W Fosherg 9341): a. Tip of plant showing
leaves and inflorescence; h, portion of cyme; c, ultimate node of inflorescence to show
pubescence; d, bract; e, calyx;/, anther, (a, h. Half natural size; c, 4 times natural
size; d, 3 times natural size; e, 2% times natural size;/, 5 times natural size.)
1 cm. long, subquadrangular, glabrous, the internodes of the inflores-
cence up to 5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. in diameter at base, 2 mm. broad at

their tips, glabrous or bifariously and sparingly hirtellous, the hairs
about 0.1 mm.

long and subappressed bracts thin, cuneate, up
;
to 1
cm. long, up to 6 mm. wide at tip, truncate or subemarginate, glabrous;

cam 1 cm long, the segments lanceolate.
mm. long, 1.75 wide, gradually narrowed from 2.5 mm. above
mm.
ise to an acute tip, thin, glabrous, obscurely nerved; corollas orange,
abrous, up to 5.8 cm. long, 2.5 mm. broad near base, thence gradu-
ally enlarged to 6 mm. at throat, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate,

2.2 cm. long, G mm, wide, subacute at tip, the lower lip spreading or
recurved, cuneate, 2.5 cm. long, cm. wide near tip, the 3 lobes oblong-
1
ovate, 7 mm. long, the lateral ones 3.5 mm, wide, the middle one 5
mm. wide, all rounded; stamens exserted L5 cm. beyond the mouth
of the corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers 4.25 mm. long, the cells
3.25 mm. long, 0,5 mm. broad, superposed and vertically attached to
the connective, the lower cell briefly caudate; pistil slightly exceeding
the stamens, the stigma minute, unequally bilobcd, the lobes ovate,
rounded; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
temperate forest at San Isidro, 7 km. south of Gacbala, Department
of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,200 meters altitude, May 27, 1944,
by Martin L. Grant and F. R. Fosberg (No. 9341),
Also of this species is Grant's No. 10278, collected in temperate
forest at Toquiza, Gazaunta Valley, Cordillera de Helicona, 15 km.
northwest of Medina, Cundinamarca, 2,135 meters altitude, Septem-
ber 24, 1944.
Justicia aurantiaca can be easily recognized by the cuneate trun-
cate bracts and large orange flov/ers.
49. Justicia jacobinioides Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 223

Herba ramosa, caulibus subquadrangidaribus, angulis acutis, glab-
ris vcl parce pubescentibus, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum
ovata, brevitcr acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, firma,
Integra vel undulata, parce hirtella, subtus pilis praecipue in costa et
venis prominentibus, cystolithis obscuris vel nullis; petioli breves,
parce hirtelli; paniculae parvae, laxae, axillares, floribus ternis,
pcdunculis priiiiariis et secundariis aequalibus, parce hirtellis, quad-
ranguliiribns, aiigidis acutis ; bracteae ramorum paniculae parvae >
f oliaccae bracteae flores subtendentcs oblongae, acutae, ciliatao;
;
glabrae vcl subglabrae; calycis segmenta oblonga, acuta, 3-nervata,

nervis prominentibus, extus glabra, in marginibus parce hirtella,
intus minute et parce hirtella; corolla rutila, basi glabra, sursum
aliquanto dense puberula, labio superiorc anguste ovato, erecto,
apice 2-lobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis, labio inferiore plus minusve
patulo, obovato, basi cuneato, apice rotimdato, brcviter trilobato,
lobis rotundatis; stamina exserta sed coroUae breviora, lobis
labiis
antheranr.u supcrpositis, basi breviter candatis; ovarium glabrum.
Erect branched herbs up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular,
the angles minutely acute, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, the hairs
retrorscly curved, about O.IG mm. long; leaf blades ovate, up to 6 cm.
long and 2.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed
at base, firm, enthê or undulate, both surfaces sparingly hirtellous,
—
the hairs of the lower surface confined chiefly to the costa and lateral
veins, the hairs up to 0,3 mm, long, more or less curved, the venation
(lateral veins 5 to 7 pairs) prominent beneath, less so above, the
cystolifchs obscure or lacking; petioles up to 5 mm. long and 1 mm,
thick, sparingly hirtellous; flowers (1 to 3) borne in smaU axillary
panicles up to 3 cm, long, the peduncles up to 11 mm, long, the sec-
ondary peduncles up to 8 mm,
primary and secondary
long, both
peduncles sparingly hirtellous with more or less curved hairs, sub-
.1^
*'
!J..iu })
Figure 223. Justicia jacobinioides Leonard {Kalhreyer 1043): a, lip of plant; hy tip of a
calyx segment^ c, corolla; d^ anther, {a^ c, Slightly over natural size; b, about 4 times
natural size; d, 5 times natural size,)
quadrangular, the angles acute; bracts subtending the secondary

peduncles leaflike, ovate, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, subacute at tip,
narrowed at base, sparingly hirtellous, the petioles about 1 mm. long;
bracts subtending the flowers oblong, 1.5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm.
wide, acute, cihate, the flat surfaces glabrous or nearly so; calyx 1 cm.
long, the segments 5, oblong, 8.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute,
conspicuously 3-nerved, the outer surface glabrous or bearing a few
small hairs near or on the margins, the inner surface sparingly and
minutely hirtellous; corollas, from base to tips of the lips, 4.4 cm.
long, puberulous except the glabrous basal portion, yellowish-red

the tube 2.5 mm. broad at base, expanding at 8 mm. above base to ^
mm., the upper expanded portion upper lip narrowl}
cylindric, the
ovate, 2 cm. long, 7 mm. wide at base, thence gradually narrowed to t
small 2-lobed tip, the lobes about 0.75 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide
rounded mm. lone, 6.5 mm. wide
above middle, the basal portion cuneate, the tip rounded and minutely
3-lobed, the lobes 0.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, rounded; stamens
exserted about 13 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla; anther lobes
superposed, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. thick, both lobes short-caudate at
base; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Type in the Kew
Herbarium, collected in border of forest at La
Obrell, between Ocana and Pamplona, Department of Norte de San-
tander, March 25, 1879, by W. Kalbreyer (No. 1043).
JuBticia jacohinioides may be related to J. aurantiaca. The two
similar
same J
glabrous instead of rather densely puberulous and the leaf blades are
much larger, thinner, and glabrous. Moreover, the inflorescence of
J. jacohinioides is axillary, whereas in J. aurantiaca it is terminal and
more compound.
50. Jnsticia iiOToi(ranatensis Leonard, sp. nov. FiOxUre 224
Suffrutex, caulibus subteretibus, glabris vel in nodis parce antrorso
strigosis;lamina foliorum obloago-ovata, acuminata (apice ipso ob-
tuso), basi angustata et in petiolum breviter decurrens, aliquanto
firma, Integra vel undulata, glabra vel parce hirsuta, costa et venis lat-
erahbus aliquanto strigosis exceptis, cystolithis obscuris; petioli glabri y
/
vel in canahbus hirtellis ; spicae rigidae laxae, fere rectae, ascendentes,
pedunculis aliquanto longis, subteretibus, glabris vel parce strigosi?
rhachibus subteretibus vel in nodis planis, glabris vel parce pubes-
centibus, pihs ascendentibus vel subappressis; flores solitarii, inôdis
rhachium; bracteae lanceolatae, graciliter acuminatae, glabrae vel
parce hirtellae et ciliolatae; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae,
glabrae vel parce hirtellae et ciliolatae; calycis segmenta lanceolata,
graciliter acuminata, glabra vel parce hirtella et ciliata, costa et nervis
obscuris; corolla aliquanto magna, minute hirtella, pilis rigidis, an-
guste triangularibus, patulis, tubo aliquanto angusto, labiis subaequal-
ibus, labio superiore oblongo-ovato, apice angustata, rotundata, emar-
ginato, labio inferiore cuneato, plus minusve patulo, 3-lobato, lobis
oblongis, apice obtusis; stamina in labio antico corollae declinata,
filamentis glabri'', basi retrorse hirtellis exceptis, antheris glabris, lobis
superpositis rectis, lobo inferiore obscure caudato; capsulae clavatae,
glabrae; semina (immatura) papillosa.
—
Suffrutescent plants; stems sub terete, glabrous or sparingly and

antrorsely strigose near the nodes, the hairs straight, up to 0.32 mm»
long; leaf blades oblong-ovate, cm. long and 4.5 cm* wide,
up to 10
short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and briefly
decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, entire, undulate, glabrous
or sparingly hirsute except the costa and lateral veins, these strigose,
\
x
V
\
Figure 224* Justicia novogranaiensis Leonard (Triana s, n., Tip of plant;

Popayan): a,
b, bract; c, bractlet; d, calyx; e, corolla;/, portion of corolla tube to show pubescence;

g^ anther, (a. Half natural size; b-d, î times natural size; ^, slightly more than
natural size; /, 23 times natural size; g, V/2 times natural size.)

1
the hairs up to 0.32 mm.

long, straight or nearly so, the cystoliths
obscure; petioles rather slender, up to 1 cm. long, glabrous or the
channel hirtellous; spikes axillary, lax, nearly straight, rigid, ascend-
ing, up to 10 cm. long and 6 mm. broad, the peduncles up to 4 cm.
long and 1.75 mm. thick, subterete, glabrous or sparingly strigose,
the lowermost internodes of the spikes up to 2 cm. long, the others
888179—07 19
602 CONTPJBUTIOXS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
succossively shorter, somewhat flattened near the nodes, glabrous or

sparingly pubescent, the hairs ascending to subappresscd, up to 0.2
mm, long, the flowers in pairs; bracts lanceolate, G mm. long, 1.25
mm. wide near the middle, slenderly acuminate, glabrous or sparingly
hirtellous and ciliolate, the hairs about 0.08 mm, long; bractlets
mm
mm
5, those lanceolate, 5 mm. mm,
wide near base, gradually
long, 1
narrowed to a slender tip, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous and ciHo-

late, the costa and a pair of lateral nerves evident when viewed
mnm
with rigid narrowly triangular spreading hairs, the tube narrow,
mm .T
mm. at mou
mm. Ions:, the upper lip oblon^r-ovate, 5 mm
wide at base, gradually narrowed to an emarginate rounded tip 1
mm moi
mm, wide at the base ol the 3 lobes, these oblong-. 7 mm
the middle, the tip obtuse: stamens mm
mou
amen
there bearing a band of retrorse hairs about 0,13 mm, long, the
anthers glabrous, their cells superposed, attached ncarl}^ vertically to
the connective, each about 3.5 mm. long and 1 mm. thick, the
lower obscurely caudate; style reaching the tip of the upper
cell
corolla lip, glabrous, the stigma rounded, minute and bilobate;

capsule clavate, about 17 mm. long, G mm. broad and 3 mm. thick,
glabrous; retinacula oblong, curved, 1 mm. long, rounded and
(immature) y
d
payan/' Department of Cauca, Colombia, 1,300 meters altitude,
July 1S53, by J. Triana (No. 4084-1). Isotypes: Col, NY. 4
'J'hcre is a photograph apparently of the same Triana collection in
the Berlin Herbarium (Field Mus. No. 8912) that bears an unpublished
name
ma
probably red.
51. JuslEcia secunda Vahl
Juslicia secunda Vahl, Sytnb. Bot. 2: 7. 1791. Type collected in Trinidad bj^
Rohr.
Rhytiglossa secunda Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 340. 1847 (except var. /3). Based
on Juslicia secunda Vahl.
Rhacodiscus sccundus Brenickamp, Verb. Kon, Ned, Akad. Wetensch. Afd,
Natuurk., Sect. 2, 45: 53, 1948,
Suffrutescent; stems subquadraDgular, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous, the hairs retrorsely curved, subappressed; leaf blades
I .
vate, up to 15 cm* long and 6 cm. wide

acumm [the tip itself acute), subcordate, rounds
sometimes obliauelv so, moderately firm
d
prominent
with recurved hairs about 0,2 mm. long; petioles slend
cm. long, the channels puberulous with minute curved ha
terminal, small at first but becoming larg-e and much b
cm. loner and 8 cm
mm
rachises moderately puberulous with curved hairs; bracts subu-
late or narrowly triangular, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous^ keeled,
the lowermost pairs about 7 mm. loni^r, the succeeding bracts sub-
mm
sm
mm
mm. wide at base; calyx up to 7 mm. long, deeply segmen
mixture mm, lone) and
eglandular ones (up to 0.3 mm. long), the segments of the calyx
oblong-lanceolate, 1.25 mm. wide, acute, thin and herbaceous,
crimson, 6 cm
some the tube about 12 mm
long and 3 mm. broad, the lips subequal, 22 mm. long, the up]
erect, narrowly ovate, about 7 mm. wide near base, round
entire at tip, the lower lip spreading, oblong, about 6 mm
mm, loner. 1 mm
stamens
filaments dabrous; anther lobes subparallel, subequally attached
mm. broad, one lobe 2 mm
mm. long, both about 0.5 mm. broad; style siigiitly sliortcr tnan tne
stamens, sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the stigma minute and
subcapitate; capsule short-clavate, about 1 cm. long, 4.5 mm.
broad, 2,5 mm. thick (the solid stipitate portion 5 mm. long, 0.5
mm. thick and 2.5 mm. broad) puberulous, some of the hairs gland-
ular; retinacula 2 mm. long, the tip thin, erose, subcucuUate; seeds 4,
glabrous, slightly roughened.
JvMicia secunda. common in the West Indies but rare in Colombia,
iilibracfeolata. Superficially the
rescm
bracts and bractlets of J. secunda. In J. iil
do
tend to become elongated as in J. secunda.
Magdalena: Near Bonda, Santa Marta region, "1000 ft." altitude, H, H.
Smith 377 (Ph, NY, US),
61a. Justicia secunda Vahl var. leucantha Leonard, var. no v.

A typica lamina foliorum lanceolata, corolla alba recedit.
var.
Shrubby, leaf blades lanceolate, up to 16 cm. long and 4 cm. wide,
acuminate; corolla white, in other respects similar to the typical variety.
the Agua Dulce Road, Santa Marta region, Department of Magdalena,
Colombia, "800 feet" altitude, by H. H. Smith (No. 1413). Isotypes:
NY. Ph.
52. Justicia atacta Leonard, sp. nov. FiGURB 225
caulibus subquadranpularibus, dabris, sursum
crassis parallelis lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, apice
praeditis;
breviter acuminata, basi angustata, rotundata, plus minusve panduri-
formis, membranacea, Integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, costa et
venis lateralibus prominentibus, cystolithis minutis et inconsplcuis;
petioli breves, glabri, crassi; paniculae valde graciles, axillares, pe-
dunculo et rhache gracilibus, sulcatis glabris vel parce hirtellis, ramis
floribus dIus minusve
bractcae flores subtendentes
(apice ipso obtuso), carinatae, parce hirtcllae, pilis rigidis, ascendenti-
bus; bracteolae bracteolis similes sed longiores calycis segmenta parva,
;
lanceolata, acuminata, parce hirtella; corolla parva, glabra, viridi-

alba, tubo brevi, cylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore
ovato, erecto, apice minute bilobato, lobis rotundatis, labio inferiore
plus minusve patulo, 3-iobato, lobis brevibus et latis, rotundatis;
stamina vix exserta, filamentis eracilibus, dabris. lobis antherarum
lobo inferiore minute
ovarmm irlabrum
stems, their tips
densely covered
ovate, up 30 cm. long and 13 cm. wide, short-acuminate at tip,
to
rounded at base, pandurate, thin, entire or undulate, glabrous, the
costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs) moderately prominent espe-
cially beneath, the cystoUths minute and inconspicuous; petioles
mm
mm
mm
4 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tip of the
raceme, all sulcate, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; flowers more or
less secund, crowded in small slender spikes or panicles, several of
mam &
mm
mm
hirtellous
mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide, gradually narrowed from base

slender bluntish tip, carinate, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs rigid,
ascending, 0.8 mm. long; bractlets similar but slightly longer; pedicels
1.5 mm. long, slender, glabrous; calyx 2.5 mm. long, the segments 5,
lanceolate, 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide near base, narrowed to a slender
tip, sparingly hirtellous with rigid ascending hairs 0.32 mm. long,
the costa evident but not prominent; corollas greenish white, about 5
mm. long, sparingly and finely pubescent, the tube subcylindric,
Figure 225. Leonard

d, bractlet; e, calyx; /, anther, {a, Half natural size; b, iVz times natural size; c, d,
12 times natural size; e, 8 times natural size;/, 6 times natural size.)
3.5 mm. long and broad at base, enlarged to 1.5 mm. from just
1 mm.
above base to throat, the lips about 3 mm. long, the upper lip erect,
oblong-ovate, about 1.5 mm. wide, minutely bilobed at tip, the lobes
rounded, the lower lip more or less spreading, 1.5 mm. wide near base
of the 3 lobes, these 1.5 mm. wide, 0.75 mm. long, rounded; stamens
3 mm.long, their filaments very slender, glabrous, the anthers glab-
rous, the cells slightly superposed, attached vertically to a relatively
broad connective, the upper cell 1.75 to 2 mm. long, the lower 1.5
606 CONTRIBUTIONS FROil THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
mm. long and short-caudate; style slightly longer than the stamens;
stigma minute and bilobate; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Typo in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045413, collected in
a shaded wet place in rather scrubby, biushy woods on white clay soil,
2 km. east of Barbacoas and just south of the Rio Telerabi, Depart-
ment of Narifio, Colombia, 100 meters altitude, October 13, 1943,
F. K. Fosbcrg (No. 21244). Isotype: US.
Juntos dc Tainand, March 1853, Triana
Ciioc6: s.n. (K, Col). Sail Pablo,
March 1853, Triuna s.n. (K).
Justicia
duriform slender
inflorescence, the extremely small spicatc or paniculate branches
simulating the clusters of pcdiceled flowers in Pscudcranthemum,
Yet a close examination of the Howlers reveals superposed anther
lobes, the lower one tailed, and no stamJnodes.
The specific epithet is from the Greek araKTos, meaning irregular
or atypical.
53. Jusflcia ephemera Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 226

SufFrutex vel frutex, caulibus ramosis, sursum subquadrangularibus,
bifarlam pilosis, pilis patulis, plus minusve rectis, deorsum sub-
tcretibus, lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, aliquanto
glabratis;
subito sod gracilitcr acuminata, basi panduriformis, cordata, ali-
quanto firma, Integra vel leviter crenata, glabra vel parce hirsuta,
costa efc venis subtus promincntibus, supra obscura, cystolithis
minutis et obscuris; petioli brevi, crassi, glabri vel in canalis marginibus
pilos paucos gerentes; flores plures, secundi in spicis dispositi, his
paniculas terminalcs pyramidatas formantibus, pedunculis et inter-
nodiis panicularum bifariara hirsutis; bractcae triangulares, acutae,
parce hirsutae; bracteolae bracteis similes scd mmores
lincaria, gracilitcr trincrvata,
obtusa, glabra vel apice hirtella et
ciliata, pills rigidis, ascendentibus; corolla alba, tubo brevi et lato,
labiis aequalibus, labio superiore ovato, apice obtuso, labio inferiore
trilobato, lobis ovatis apice rotundatis; stamina inclusa, glabra,
armm
osum
SuiTrutescent herbs or shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems much
branched, their upper portions subquadrangular, bifarlously pilose,
the hairs up to 0.8 mm. long, more or less straight and spreading,
the lower portions of the stems subtcrcte and glabrate; leaf blades
oblong-clliptic, up \.oand 6.5 cm. wide, rather abruptly
16 cm. long,
but slenderly acuminate, gradually narrowed to a panduriform cordate
base, moderately firm, entire or shallowly crenate, glabrous or bearing
a few snreadintr marginal hairs at bnso t.liA ^nsfn nnH Intornl -cAina
— ^^
moderately prominent, more so beneath than ab

numerous but minute and rather obscure, up to 0.13 mm
mm
or bearing a few hairs on the margins of the channels; jlo^ye^s
numerous and secund in spikes up to 6 cm longj these forming

terminal pja-amidal panicles up to 10 cm. long and 13 cm. broad, the
nodes of the panicle bearing 1 or 2 pairs of branches, the peduncles

up to 3.5 cm. long, quadrangular, bifariously hirsute, the lowermost
node of the central axis of the panicle bearing a pair of leaves, the
hUAp» oblonfr-ellintic. un to 7 cm. lone: and 2 cm. wide, abruptly and
Figure 226. Justicia ephemera Leonard {Ilaught 4775): a. Tip of plant; h^ portion of the
under surface of leaf blade enlarged to show veining and cystoliths;
'
£*, node of inflores-
cence; d^ inflorescence node from near tip; e, calyx segment;/, anther, (a, Half natural
size; i, about 6 times natural size; r, d, 4 times natural size; e^ 8 times natural size;
/, 12 times natural size.)
slenderly acuminate, narrowed to base, the petioles about 2 mm. long

and ciliate on the margins of the channels, the internodes of the
panicle similar to the peduncles but successively shorter and more
densely hirsute toward the tips, the uppermost bracts narrowly
triangular, 2.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, narrowed to an acute
tip, sparingly hirsute, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long; bractlets similar
to the bracts but only about half as large; calyx segments linear,
2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, subobtuse, glabrous except the margins t
toward tips, these ciliate with rigid ascending hairs up to 1 mm.

long, the costa and a pair of lateral nerves slender and obscure;
corolla white, 8-12 mm. long, the tube short and relatively broad,
1mm. broad at base, 1.25 mm. at 1 mm. above base, thence enlarged
to 3 mm. at throat, the lips equal, 4.5-6 mm. long, the upper lip ovate,
about 2 mm- wide, obtuse at tip, the 3 lobes of the lower lip ovate,
3.5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens included,
3.5 mm. long, glabrous, the anther lobes somewhat superposed,
about 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, obliquely attached to the
connective, the bases divergent; pistil 2.5 mm. long, the style minute,
2-Iobed; stigma glabrous; ovary papillose; capsules not seen.
a forest at Turbo, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, less than 50
meters altitude, March 28, 1946, by Oscar Haught (No. 4775).
Also of this species is Haught's No. 4554, collected in low wet
forest near Vijagual, 30 km. south of Turbo, Department of Antioquia,
40 meters altitude, April 12, 1945.
Justicm ephemera is a well-marked species apparently without near
relatives. The panduriform leaf blades are like many of those in
Pseuderanthemum. Staminodes, however, so constant in Pseuder-
definitely absent in this species. Haught states
» fragrant forming a showy inflorescence during
mornmgs m
only two or three days. The specific epithet is from the Greek
word i<f>rinepos, meaning ephemeral or short-lived
blossoms
Leonard Figure 227
Suffrutex, caulibus
subquadrangularibus (angulis rotundatis),
glabris vel bifariam parce puberulis, pilis parvis, varie curvatis,
cystoHthis subpunctiformibus, minutis; lamina foliorum oblongo-
ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso),
basi acuta in pctiolum dccurrcns, ahquanto tenuis, Integra vel undulata.
utrlnque glabra vol parce strigosa, costa et venis promm
strigillosis; petioli puberuli; paniculae torminales, ramis patulis,
sursum
ramis panicularum puberulis; flores in apicibus ramorum spissi,
sessiles vel bracteae ramos ultimos panicularum sud-
subsessiles;
tendenteslanceolatae, acutae, parvae, parce ciliatae, costa prominente;
bracteae et bracteolae flores subtendentes subulatae, parvae, acutae,
ment
acuminat
bus parce dorsalibus aliquando glandulosis; corolla viridi-
ciliata, pilis
tubo subcvlindrico. narce et minute
erecto 3-lobato, lobis
stamina
— - ^
lobis antherarum superpositis, rcctis, lobo superiore et connectivo

lobo inferiore basi calcarato; capsulae clavatae, glab
hirtellis,
parce hirtellae, pilia patulis, glandulosis retinacula curvata ; apice

rotundata: semina (immatura) tuberculata. • •
^ J
Figure 227, Justicia chloananiha Leonard (a-e, A, Cuatrecasas 11137;/,^, Cuatrecasas

10933): fl, Node from near tip of plant showing leaf blade and branch of the inflores-
cence; b^node from tip of inflorescence showing bracts^ bractlets and calyx; c, bractlet;
d, bract; e^ a segment of the caljrx;/, corolla; g, anther; h, dorsal view of capsule valve.
(<7, Half natural size; b, twice natural size; c, d, 10 times natural size; ^, lYz times natural
size;/, about twice natural size; g, 8 times natural size; A, 3 times natural size.)
;
610 COXTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrubby plants up meter high; stems subqiiadrangular (the

to 1
angles rounded) glabrous or bifariously and sparingly puberulous, the
hairs about 0.16 mm. long, variously curved, the cystohtlis numerous,
minute and subpunctiform; leaf blades oblong-ovate or oblong-
cUiptiCj up to 22 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, sliort-acuminatc (the tip
itself blunt), acute at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather thin,
entire or undulate, sparingly strigose, or glabrous except the minutely

strigose costa and lateral veins (about 9 pairs), the hairs up to 0.2 mm.
long, the costa and veins rather promiaent beneath, less so above,
the cystoliths about 0.2 mm. long; petioles up to 3 cm. long, puberu-
lous; flowers borne in terminal and axillary panicles up to 12 cm. long
and 7 cm, broad, the branches spreading, the peduncles up to 12 cm.
long, subquadrangular, puberulous, the hairs upwardly curved, about
0.2 mm, long, the lowermost internodes of the panicles up to 5 cm.
long, the others successively shorter towards the tips of the branches,
these like the peduncles puberulous, the branches of the panicles
subtended by small leaf blades usually 1 to 3 cm, long and 3 to 7 mm.
wide, the flowers usually 6. to 10, crowded at the tips of the branches
of the inflorescence, sessile or subsessile (pedicels up to 0.75 mm. long)
bracts subtending the ultimate branches of the inflorescence lanceolate,
up to 5 mm. long and 0.75 mm* wide, acute, sparingly ciliate, the
costa prominent; bracts subtending the flowers subulate, up to 4 mm,
long and about 0.25 mm. wide, acute, sparingly ciliate; bractlets
similar to the bracts but shorter, up to 2.25 mm. long; calyx 5 mm.
long, deeply segmented, the segments 5, linear-lanceolate, 0,5 mm.
wide, acute or slenderly acuminate, rather thin, glabrous or the costa
and margins sparingly ciliate, the hairs up to 0.57 mm* long, the
costal hairs sometimes gland-tipped; corolla greenish white (the tip
white), 15 to 16 mm. long, the tube subcylindric, 1.5 mm. broad at
base, 2 mm. broad just above base, 2.5 mm, broad at mouth, sparingly
and minutely pubescent, the upper lip erect, ovate, 4 mm. long, 5 mm.
wide near base, narrowed to a blunt tip, the lower lip 5 mm. long,
3-lobed, 5 mm. wide near base of lobes, the lobes suborbicular, about
1.25 mm. in diameter; stamens reaching tip of upper lip, the anthers
1.5 mm, long, the lobes superposed, attached to the connective almost
vertically, the upper lobe and part of connective hirtcllous, the lower
lobe glabrous, terminated at base by a whitish spur about 0.3 mm,
long, the filaments glabrous; style slightly exceeding the stamens,
glabrous toward tip, sparing hirtcllous toward base; capsules clavate,
about 12 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous or bearing
a few spreading glandular hairs about 0.38 mm. long; retinacula 1.5
mm. long, slender, curved, rounded at tip; seed (immature) tubcrculatc.
Type in the U. S, National Herbarium, No. 1798543, collected in
the wet forests along the Rio San Miguel at the Quebrada de la
Hormiga, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia, 290 meters altitude,

December 17, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 11137).
Also of this species is Ciiatrccasas' No. 10933 (Col), collected in
wet forests of the Rio San Miguel at the mouth of the Rio Conejo,
Colombian-Ecuadorian border, 300 meters altitude, December 9, 1940,
and Sprague 396 (K), collected at Mocoa, Putumayo, May 25, 1899.
Justicia chloanantha has no close relatives among the Colombian
species. A similarity of the inflorescences suggests Justicia cmcoensis
Lindau of Peru,but that species has much smaller, ovate, and more
hairy leaf blades (up to 9 cm. long and 4 cm. wide) and yellowish
white and purplish corollas. The specific epithet is from the Greek
X>yoav6s, greenish, and avdos, flower.
55. Justicia helonoma Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 228
Frutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, parce

glabris vel sursum
bifariam tomentosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica vel oblongo-
obovata, utrinque subacuta, firma, Integra vel undulata, utrinque
glabra vel foliorum juvenilium subtus parce hirtella, costa et venis
lateralibus promincntibus, vcnulis crasse reticulatis; petioli breves,
crassi, glabri; paniculae terminales, laxae, ramis in spicas compactas
terminantibus, pcdunculis et intcrnodiis panicularum quadrangulari-
bus, glabris vel parce hirteUis; bracteae flores subtendentes triangu-
lares,acutae (apice ipso obtuso), firmae, parce hirtellae et ciliolatae,
nervis 3, crassis sod non conspicuis, pilis parvis, rigidis, ascendentibus
vel subappressis; bracteolae anguste triangulares, subacutae, carinatae,
parce hirtellae et ciliatae; calycis segmenta 5, lanceolata, acuta et
minute hirtefla et ciholata, pilis rectis vel leviter curvatis, ascendenti-

bus; corofla aliquanto parva, subpurpurea, hirtella, pflis fere rectis,
rigidis, patulis vol retrorsis, tubo subcylindrico, labiis subaequalibus,
labio superiore erecto, oblongo, apice emarginato, labio inferiore
cuneata, aliquanto patulo, 3-lobato, lobis oblongo-ovatis, apice
rotundatis; stamina exserta, filamentis sursum glabris, deorsum
um
mm hirtellum
Shrub about 1 meter high ; stems
tomentose
mm
cm
glabrous or the younger leaves sparingly hirtellous beneath, the costa
and lateral veins (usually 8 pairs) prominent but more so beneath
than above, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the cystoHths obscure;
petioles 5 mm, long, 2.5 mm. thick, glabrous; flowers borne in spikes
up to 5 cm, long and up to 8 mm. broad, these forming an open ter-
minal panicle up to 17 cm. long and 10 cm. broad, the lowermost
internodes of the panicle up to 8 cm. long, the peduncles of the f5pikes

up to 2.5 cm. long,
both the peduncles and the internodes of the panicle
quadrangular and glabrous or sparingly hh-tellous, the nodes of the
panicle bearing a pair of small leaves (their blades about 1.5 cm. long
and 8 mm. wide); bracts subtending the flowers triangular, 3.5 mm.
long and 2 mm. wide at base, acute (the tip itself blunt), firm, sparingly
hirtellous and ciliate, the hau-s rigid, mostly straight, up to 0.16 mm.
Figure 228.~Justicia helonoma Leonard {Haugkt 1754) : a, Tip of plant; b, bract; c, bractlet;
d, calyx; e, corolla;/, portion of corolla tube enlarged to show pubescence; g, anther.
(a, Half natural size; b, c, 6 times natural size; d, 3 times natural size; e, l>i times
natural size;/, 50 times natural size; g, 6}^ times natural size.)
long or the marginal hairs somewhat longer, ascending to subap-

pressed, the 3 nerves thick and broad but not conspicuous; bractlets
mm. long. 1 mm
mm
segments lanceolate, 6 mm. lone, 1 mm
gradually ciliolate, the
mm. lone: corolla 19 mm
purplish, hirtellous, the hairs rigid, mostly straight, spreading
r
retrorse, up to 0.13 mm. long, the corolla tube 11 mm. long, 2.25 mm.
broad near the base, 3 mm. broad at throat, the upper lip erect,
oblong, 8 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at base, the tip 1 mm. wide, emar-
ginate, the lower hp somewhat spreading or ascending, cuneate, 9 mm.
long, 5 mm. wide at base of the 3 lobes, these oblong-ovate, about 4
mm. long, 2 mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted 6 mm. beyond the
mouth of the corolla, the filaments glabrous toward tip, hirtellous
toward base, the anthers 2 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad, the lobes
superposed, vertically attached to the connective, the lower cell
tailed, the tail about 1 mm. long, bent vertically to the axis of the lobe;
style exserted about 2 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube,
hu-tellous, the stigma minutely bilobed; ovary hirtellous toward tip;
capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S.
swamp-forest at Puerto Araujo, on the Kio Carare, Department of
Colombia, 100 to 700 meters altitude, June

Hau
Haught's No. 2186, a shrub meter high with
1 red-purple flowers
collected in flood-plain forest at Raizudo, Department of Santander,
about 200 meters altitude, April 28, 1937, also represents the species.
Justicia helonoma has no close relatives among the species treated
The large, more glabrous leaf blades

or less succulent,
in this paper.
purplish flowers should serve as char-
and narrow panicled spikes of
acters by which it can be readily recognized. The specific epithet
is from the Greek word ^Xovonos, alluding to the swampy habitat.
56. Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 11. 1760. Type locality: "Insulis
i>
Caribaeis.
Dianthera pectoralis Gmel. Syst. Nat. 36. 1796. Based on Justicia pectoralis
Jacq.
Stethoma pectoralis Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 61. 1836 [1838].
Bremekamp, Verb. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Afd.
Psacadocalymma pectorale
Natuurk., Sect. 2, 45: 55. 1948.
weak, erect or ascending, simple

Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems
or moderately branched, often rooting at the lower nodes, subquad-
grooved, glabrous or hirsutulous,
rangular, shallowly and coarsely
the hairs retrorselv curved, up to 0.5 mm. long, disposed more or
numer
ous, subpunctiform; leaf blades narrowly to rather broadly 1
3 to 11 cm. long, 3 to 25 mm. wide, acuminate (the tip itsel
obtuse), acute to obtuse at base, entire or undulate, moderately

the hairs
firm, the upper surfac
curved, up to 0.2 mm prominent
surface
b
above; petioles slender, 2 to 12 mm
about 0.2 mm, loner; flowers born
panicles usually 5 to IG cm. long and up to 6 cm.
broad, the branches
paired or verticillate, sl?npIo or the lower ones
branched, subterete,
pubcrulous, the eglandular hairs numerous,
spreading, 50/x long'
the glandular ones fewer, stouter, 75/. long,
with broad turbinate
tips, the lower internode usually 2
or 3 cm. long, the others succes-
sively shorter toward tip of panicle; lower
bracts narrowly lanceolate,
5 to 10 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
wide, acuminate, costate, glabrous or the
margins and costa more or less hirtellous, the
succeeding bracts
subulate, 1 to 2 mm. long, about 0.2 mm. wide
at base, acuminate,
pubcrulous with glandular and eglandular hairs: bractlets
similar
subulate, 2.5 mm. long, about 0.25 mm
acuminate, pubcrulous with both glandular and
eglandular hairs'
mm
sometimes
of the corolla moderately pubescent, the hairs
spreading, 125 to
mm
at throat, tlie upper lip triangular, erect, 2.5 mm. wide at base,
termmatm mm.
1.5 long
and 1 mm
more or less spreading, cuncate, 4 mm
lobes 1.5 mm. Ions:, the middle one 2 m
mm
mm. long, exsertcd about 1 mm
the corolla, the filaments glabrous except the adnate
portion, this
pdose, tlie hairs rctrorsc, the anther lobes equally
attached or sliglitly
long, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs

mm
near base; capsules
clavate, 8 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, pubcrulous,
the eglandular
hairs intermixed with a few glandular ones; rethiacula
2 mm. long,
the tip rounded; seed flattish, 1.5 mm. broad,
reddish browi^
roughened.
Justicia pedoralis closely related to J. coinafa, but typical plants
is
of the former can be readily recognized by their terminal

inflorescence
with subterete glandular pubcrulous branches. The
inflorescence of
J. comata, on the otlier hand, is often both terminal
and lateral with
flattened branches, these hirtellous, usually bearing
few if any gland-
ular hairs.
The species is found In woods, waste places, and in cultivated fields
LEONARD— THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, IH 615
West Indies as well as in continental tropical America. It
below 600 meters

Quebrada
on Rfo Pennell 4206 (in part) (NY).
US). Forests of Boca Verde the Sinii,
woods Minca, Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta,

Magdalena: Thin dry of
Poponte, Cyril Allen 913
Cardona, Gutiirrez & Barkley 18C.049 (US). Forest of
(Mo). Santa Marta region, H. H. Smith 1407 (Ph, US).

Vaup^s: Cachivera de Jirijirimo, on the Rio Apaporis, Schultes & Cabrera
13718 (US). Soratama, Rio Apaporis,
14033 (US); 14079 (US); Garcia-Barriga
Raudal Itapinima, on the Rio
Schultes & Cabrera 12575 (US), 16124 (US).
Raudal de Rio
Kuduyari, Schultes, Baker & Cabrera 18556 (US). Jirijirimo,
& Cabrera 14568 (US), 14619 (US),

Apaporis, November 27, 1951, Schultes
14941A(US). 7 -
Without locality: TipoZwor- Mario 157 (GH).
Humboldt collected a specimea of this species at Turbaco, Department of
Bolivar.
--_:' '
pectoralis Jacq. var. stenophylla Leonard, var. nov.

56a. Justicia
Herba parva compacta; folia numerosa, lamina angiiste lanceolata;

inflorescentia parva.
Herbs usually not exceeding 20 cm. in height, erect or ascending,
the internodes of the stems short, usually less than 2 cm. long; leaf
blades numerous, narrowly lanceolate, 2 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 5 mm

wide; inflorescence often becoming dense, up to 10 cm. lon^
cm
Herbarium, No
Colomb
etcrs altitude, January 1856, by J. Triana. Isotype; Col.
El Valle: Buenaventura, Triana (Col, K). Cali, Duque 1339 (Cali).
VAUrfis: Banks of the Rio Pacoa, Schultes & Cabrera 15244 (US).
names: Abi
herbarium
I
note: "Fortificante para lavar los nifios." On the label of the Cali
__^^ _„^„„ ^ information: ^
"Hierba de 30 cm
para orlar las eras o lineas di-
altura, erecta, notable porque sirve
visorias de la gcometria dc los parques.",
57. Justicia comata (Ij.) Lam,

Dianthera comata L. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 850. 1759. Type Jamaica.
locality:
Justicia comata Lam. Encyl. 1: 632. 1783. Based on Dianthera comata L.

Leptostachya comata Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 381. 1847.
Psacadocalymma comatum Bremelâmp, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch.
Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 45: 55. 1948.
Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems weak, ascending to nearly erect,
more or less branched, often rooting at the lower nodes, subquadran-

crnlnr rthp, nncrlos rounded), more or less grooved, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous (the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, spreading or retrorse and
disposed more or less in 2 lines) or occasionally pilose with
spreading hairs up to 3.5 mm. long, the cystoliths numerous, parallel,
100 to 200 long; leaf blades lanceolate to oblong or oblong-ovate,
(J.
usually about 6 cm. long and 2 cm. wide but occasionally reaching
a
length of 15 cm. and a width of 4 cm., acuminate or acute at apex,
rounded, obtuse or narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
entire or shallowly undulate, moderately firm, both surfaces glabrous
or sparingly hirtellous, the costa and lateral veins (about 6 pairs)
obscure, the cystoliths slender, about 150^ long, not often conspicuous;
petioles up to 2 cm. long (including winged portion), the uppermost
leaves often subsessile; inflorescence terminal or axillary, the flowers
socund in slender simple or branched spikes, these fascicled or the
lowermost disposed in peduncled umbels, the peduncles up to 5 cm.
long, the spikes forming in aggregate a terminal panicle or
sometimes
a paniculate inflorescence involving nearly the entire plant, the
branches of the inflorescence very slender and almost fihform, more or
less mmu ous, often with longer (up to SOOju)
termixed
late,barely 1.6 mm. mm. wide, sharply acute, glabrous,
long and 0.35
strongly costate; bractlets about 1 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide, in
other respects similar to the bracts; calyx 2.5 mm. long, the segments
narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide at base, slenderly
acute, glabrous; corollas white, lilac, light blue, purplish white, rose
or greenish pink (Pennell), often marked with purplish lines or spots,
4.5 to 7 mm. long, glabrous or the upper part of the tube bearing a
few minute spreading hairs; the tube ca. 1.2 mm. broad at the base,
slightly enlarged upwardly, contracted at about the middle, here
ca.
1.5 mm.wide, thence arapliate to the throat, this 2 to 3.5 mm. wide,
the limb bilabiate, the upper lip erect, ovate, 2.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm.
wide, rounded or obtuse at tip, the lower lip spreading, triangular,
1.5 mm. wide at base, 3 mm. wide near tip, 3-Iobed, the lobes ovate'
0.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, obtuse; stamens exserted about 2 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the filaments slender, niloso, at
otherwise
mm
mm. wide, the lower one smaller mm
mm. bevond mouth
mm. long, 2 mm. broad and 1 mm
thick, 4-secdcd,
sparingly hirtellous or glabrate; retinacula about
0.75 mm. long, narrowly cucullate at tip; seeds reddish brown, some-
what flattened, barely 1 mm. in diameter, about 0.25 mm. thick,
roughened or indistinctly papillose.
.
- JL?
'^
^
f.
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ IH 617
Justicia comata, distributed throughout tropical America, generally

grows at low elevations of 500 meters or less, but may be found
occasionally as high as 2,000 meters. It is weedy in nature, and is
equally at home in damp or dryish thickets, on slopes, in woods, on

river banks, in waste places in general, on margins of ponds or small
streams, or even growing in shallow water. As to be expected of a
species of such an extensive range, considerable variation is exhibited.
Plants in wet situations, especially those growing in water, tend to
produce long narrow leaf blades gradually narrowed to a subsessile
base. Killip's No. 34261 and von Sneidern's Nos. 494 and 2644 are
plants of this nature. The leaf blades of these plants vary from 4 to
17 cm. in length but rarely exceed 13 mm. in width. Moreover, Killip's
specimen shows a transition stage between the aquatic form and the
typical form, which has broader blades with rounded or obtuse bases.
Plants with strictly terminal inflorescences rather strongly hirtellous
or even puberulous with a predominance of glandular hairs are likely
to be confused with J, pectoralis, Killip & Garcia's No. 33598 is
such a plant. Remarkable also is the development of pilosity in

Pennell's No. 1473 and Kilhp & Smith's No, 14719. In these the
hairs of the stems are white, spreading, straight, and up to 3.5 mm.
long.
Amazonas: Amazon, near Letitia, Hermann

Trail bordering a thicket near the
11287 (US). R£o Hamacayacu, between the Amazon and Putumayo watersheds,
SchuUes 8248 (US).
Antioquia: Forest along river opposite Boca Carare, Pennell 3822 (GH, NY).
Damp area west of Santa F6 de Antioquia, Barkley^ Skolnik & Gdmez 413 (US).
Margin of open pool, Valparaiso, Pennell 10811 (Ph, US).
BoLfvAB: Ditch in thicket along river, Calamar, Killip & Smith 14719 (US).
Vicinity of Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 367 (US). Desiccated place at edge of
thicket, Chinti, Pennell 4098 (Gil). Edge of thicket, Sinc*5, Pennell 4041 (GH,
US). Swampy lagoon-filled plateau, Hacienda Martinica, in the region of Sinii,
15 km. from Montcrfa, Bechara, Araque & Barkley 19Bo.094 (US). Quebrada
in forest at Ticrra Alta, on the Rfo Sinii, Pennell 4657 (GH, US).
Cauca: Cultivated fields at Cali, Duque 1051 (Call). River bank, El Tambo,
von Sneidern 494 (S); 2644 (S). Guayabal, on the Rfo Micay, Cuatrecasas 14111
(Ch).
El Choc6: Rich damp mountain Araque & Barkley
valley near El Pia6n,
19Ch.ll2 (US). Clearing along Quebrada Jella, vicinity of Bahfa Solano near
Ciudad Mutis, Killip & Garcia 33598 (US). Rich sandy plateau along the Rfo
Atrato, near Qnihdo, Araque & Barkley 19Ch.058 (US); Archer 1925 (NY, US);
2220 (US)
Cundinamarca: Junin, Triana s.n. (Col). La Esperenza, Granjo Cafetera
Enrique Soto, Gutierrez 416 (Ch, Med, US).
El Valle: Barco, Rfo Cajambre, Cuatrecasas 17093 (US). Rio AnchicayA^
between Sabaletas and Quebrada del Tatabro, Cuatrecasas 22063 (US). Rio ,
Naya, between Puerto Merizalde and Meregildo, Cuatrecasas 14345 (US). Rfo
Yurumanguf, between Isla de Golondro and La Amargura, Cuatrecasas 16060
388179—57 20
(US). Swamp at Santa Rosa, 11565 (Ph, US). Woods at Vencral,

Killip
llfo Yurumanguf, Cuatrecasas 15916 (US); 16003 (Cali).
Huila: Rfo Cabrera, about 18 km. northeast of Viilavieja, upper basin of the
Rio Magdalcna, 450 m.j GcUeyi Smith 1199 (US).
Magdalen a: Carare, Andri 301 (GH). Santa Marta region, H. IL Smith
1208 (Ph, US); 1416 (Ph, US).
Meta: Puerto L6pcz, Rio Matico, Cuatrecasas 3577 (US). In water of small
stream in dense forest southeast of Yillavicencio, Killip 34261 (US). Moist
forest at Villavicencio, Pennell 1473 (GH).
Santander: Alluvial thicket at Badillo, Rio Magdalcna, Pennell 3927 (GH,
US). Marsh in the vicinity of Puerto Wilchos, Killip & Smith 14936 (Ph, US).
Tolima; Running water along the Ambalema-Ibague railroad near Caldas,
Haught 23S8 (US),
Vichada: Puerto Carreiio, Rio Orinoco, Cuatrecasas 3978 (US).
Without definite locality, Mutis 1488 (US).
58. Justicia namatophila Leonard, sp, nov. Figure 229
Suffrutex gracilis^ caulibus ramosis, subquadrangularibus, sursum
puberulis, pills curvatis, deorsum glabratis; lamina foliorum lanceo-
lata,anguste acuminata (apicc ipso obtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto
firma, imdulata, supra parce strigosa, subtus costa et venis minute
strigosis, cystolithis minutis et obscuris; petioli breves; paniculae
axillarcs, graciles, ramosae, puberulae, pilis curvatis; bracteae et
bracteolae lincaros vel subulatae, strigosae; calycis segmcnta subulata,
hirtclla, pilis plus minusve patulis; corolla purpurea, retrorse liirsuta,
labiis venosis, labio superiore crecto, ovato, acute, labio inferiore plus
minusve patulo, 3-lobato, lobis obovatis, rotundatis; stamina vix
exserta, filamentis planis, glabris, antheris superpositis, lobis obliquis,
glabris, lobo inferiore caudate; capsulae clavatae, puberulae, pilis
patulis vel retrorsis; semina brunnea, plana, ovata, papillosa.
Slender suffrutescent plants up to 50 cm. high; stems branched,
subquadrangular, puberulous with upwardly curved whitish hairs
about 0.1 mm. long, the lower suffruticosc portions glabrate, the
internodcs 1 to 4 cm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, up
cm. long
to 11
and 1.5 cm, wide, slenderly acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed
to a subsessile base, moderately firm, undulate, the upper surface
sparingly strigose, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the lower surface
minutely strigose, the hairs about 0.2 mm, long and confined chiefly
to costa and veins (6 or 7 pairs), these slender and scarcely prominent,
the cystoHths obscure and minute; petioles up to 3 mm. long, puberu-
lous with curved hairs; flowers borne in slender axillary dichotomously
and trichotomously branched panicles up to G cm. long, the peduncles
usually 1 to 3 cm. long, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter, flattened, these
and the branches of the inflorescence puberulous with curved hairs;
pedicels slender, 2 mm. long, 0,28 mm. thick, puberulous, the hairs
curved; bracts subtending the lowermost pair of branches of the
panicle linear, 4 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, strigose, the subsequent
—
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OP COLOMBIA, lit 619
bracts subulate, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, strigose; bractlets minute, subu-
late; calyx 6 mm* long, hirtellous, the hairs mostly spreading, rigid,
up to 0.15 mm, long, the segments subulate, 5 mm, long, 0.75 mm.
wide at base; corolla purple, 15 mm, long, retrorsely hu:sute, the hairs
up to 0.2 mm. long, the lower half of the tube 1 mm. broad, the
mouth 4 mm. broad, the lips veiny, the upper lip erect, ovate, 4 mm.
long and 2.5 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip more or less spreading,
Figure 229. Justicia namatophila Leonard {Haught 2135): a, Tip of plant to show leaves
and inflorescence; h, portion of inflorescence enlarged to show calyx; c, anther; d^ corolla,
{a^ Half natural size; b, 3 times natural size; c, 7 times natural size; d^ l}i times natural
size.)
1
5 mm. long, 3-lobed, the lobes obovate, rounded, the middle lobe
2.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones 1.5 mm. wide; stamens slightly exserted
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, about 4*5 mm. long, the fila-
ments flattened, glabrous, the anthers lobes slightly superposed and
obliquely attached to the connective, the lobes 0.75 mm. long, glabrous,
the lower lobe caudate, the tail about 0.15 mm, long; pistil slightly
longer than the stamens, curved at tip, the stigma lobes minute and
rounded; capsules clavate, 11 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, L5 mm* thick,

puberulous, the hah^s straight, spreading or retrorse, about 0.1 mm,
long, the solid stipitate portion of the capsule 5 mm. long; retinacula
1 mm. long, the tip flattened, rounded; seed dark brown, strongly
flattened, ovate, 1.75 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, strongly papillose.
U. S.
along a stream in the Quebrada Pontona, about 18 km. west of La
Dorada, Department of Caldas, Colombia, 400 meters altitude,
December 30, 1936, by Oscar Haught (No. 2135).
Justicia namatophila is a well marked species easily recognized by
itsnarrowly lanceolate leaf blades and numerous axillary panicles
with slender branches and the subulate calyx segments. The specific
epithet is derived from the Greek words ya/xa, running water, and
<l>l\osj loving.
59. Justicia martiana (Necs) Lindau

Leptostachya martiana Neos ex Benth* Bot, Voy, Sulphur 147. 1844. Type
from Guayaquil, Ecuador, Sinclair.
Justicia martiana Lindau, Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzcnf. 4, Abt. 3b: 350.
1895. Based on Leptostachya martiana Nees.
Herbs; stems subquadrangular, coarsely sulcate, hirsute, the hairs
spreading or ascending, borne more or less in two lines^ the cystoliths
slender, parallel, up to 0.15 mm. long; leaf bladesnarrowly lanceolate,
up cm. long and 22
to 16 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate, narrowed
or rounded at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces
glabrous or minutely and sparingly hispid, the hairs up to 0.3 mm,
long, the cystoliths of the upper surface easily seen under a lens, up
to 0.28 mm. long; petioles up to 12 mm. long, glabrous or rather
sparingly hirtellous; flowers borne in dense terminal panicles, branch-
ing at base and composed of verticillasters of numerous slender
ascending spikes, the panicles up to 25 cm. long and 12 cm. broad at
base, the spikes up to 4 cm, long, the lowermost internode of the main
rachis about 2 cm. long, the others successively shorter towards tip
of inflorescence, the intcrnodes of the spikes 2 to 7 mm. long, these
and the main rachis rather densely hirsute, the hairs variously curved
and up to 1.5 mm. long, the flowers sccund; bracts subtending the
verticillasters subulate, up to 5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base,
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; bractlets up to 3 mm. long, subulate,
carinate, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the bracts and bractlets
subtending the flowers similar to those subtending the verticillasters
but slightly smafler; calj^x 4 mm. long, deeply segmented, minutely
hirtellous, the hairs ascending, up to 0.1 mm. long, the segments
subulate, up mm.
wide near base; corolla blue (Klug), sparingly
to 0.5
pubescent (the hairs up to 0.13 mm. long), 6 mm. long, the upper lip
2.5 mm, long, 1 mm. wide, emarginate at tip, the lower lip spreading.
.
3 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, 3-lobed, the lobes rounded, about
1 mm. in diameter; stamens 2.5 mm. long, the filaments slender, the
anther lobes slightly superposed, somewhat obliquely attached, the
upper 0.4 mm. long and 0.2 mm. wide, the lower slightly shorter,
both rounded at base, the connective 0.25 mm. wide; style 5 mm.
long, glabrous, the stigma minutely bilobed and rounded.
Woods, ditches, and grassy meadows in Colombia, Brazil, French
Guiana, and Ecuador.
Justicia martiana is closely related to J. comosa but can be easily
recognized by its large dense hirsute panicles. The species shows
considerable variation. The flowers vary from white to blue. Schom-
burgk's No. 305, the type of var. hispida Nees, from French Guiana,
has a glandular pubescent inflorescence and ovate leaf blades with
rounded Klug's specimens, cited here, have
r
lanceolate leaf blades gradually narrowed to the base, but
Uribe-P., although likewise narrowly lanceolate, arc rounded
at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole. The capsules of Schom-
burgk's plant are 4 mm. long, 2.25 mm. wide, and about 1 mm. thick,
short-clavate and rather densely hirtellous.

CaquetX: Without locality, Uribe-P. s. n. (US).
PuTUMAYo: Forest of Umbrfa, 325 meters, King 1742 (GH, NY, US).
60. Justicia iaevilinguis (Nees) Lindau
Rhytiglossa Iaevilinguis Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9, pt. 7: 120. 1847. Several
syntypes, all from Brazil, are cited; a photograpli (US) of a Sellow specimen
without specific locality probably represents type material (Field Mus. No.
8838)
Rhytiglossa oUusifoUa Nees, loc. cit. Two syntypes are cited: Buenos Aires,
Argentina (Herb. Arnott), and Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
Sellow; there is a photograph (US) of a specimen in the Berlin Herbarium

collected in Brazil (without specific locality) by Sellow that may be type
material (Field Mus. No. 8848).
Justicia Iaevilinguis Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 19, Beibl. 48: 20. 1894.
Dianthera Iaevilinguis Durand & Jackson, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1: 132. 1902 (at-
tributed erroneously to Lindau).
Justicia oUusifolia Lindau Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 2, 3: 633. 1903. Based on
Rhytiglossa obtusifolia Nees.
Herbs; stems simple or moderately branched, erect or ascending

and rooting at the lower nodes, more or less succulent, 4-sulcate,
glabrous or sparingly and retrorsely pilose, the hairs septate, up to
1 mm. long; leaves sessile or the lowermost short-petioled (up to 3

mm. long), linear or narrowly lanceolate, up to 13 cm. long and 23
mm. wide, slenderlv acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), acute, obtuse
rounded at base, both surfaces
minute and incon
terminal and axillary, up to 6 cm. long, rather
slender, the flowers secund, the rachis glabrous
mm. long at maturity

mm
acuminate, glabrous; bractlets subulate, 1 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide
at base, glabrous; calyx up to 7 mm. long, deeply segmented, the
segments linear-lanceolate, 0.75 mm. wide, acuminate, glabrous or
sparingly ciliolato toward the minute delicate cystoliths rather
tip,
prominent under a lens; corolla white, tinged with violet, blue
violet or purple, glabrous or minutely and sparingly pubescent,
over 15 mm. long, the tube 6 m mm. broad
3 mm.
broad at mouth, the uppc 1 cm.
nd 4.5 mm, wide, rounded, entire,
mm. long and about 15 mm. wid
ab rounded, delicately veined; stamens
mm
anther cells superposed, the upper cell horizontal, 1.25 mm. Ion
mm mm
acute at base, both cells glabrous, the connective about 0.5 mm.
wide; capsules ovate-stipitate, 17 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, 075 mm,
thick (the solid stipe 7 mm. long and 075 mm. thick and 0.5 mm.
wide), acute at tip, glabrous; retinacula 3 mm. long, slightly curved,
bidentate at tip; seed suborbicular, 5 mm, long mm
barely 0.5 mm. thick, gray or flecked brown, glabrous, the margin
thin, lacerate or toothed at tip and base.
laevilingu
America. In spite of its great range, spcci-
mens
in any particular place. from
meters
Its broad strongly flattened capsules and thin orbicular
gray or
m ar
AtlAntico: Barranquilla and vicinity, Bro. Elias 287 (US); Dro. Paul B-19 (US).
BoLfvAit: River marsh at Magangue, Pcnnell 3948 (NY); 3958
(GH, NY, US).
Magdalbna: Savanna, Cliiriga;in;t, Cyril Allen 25 (Mo). Wet soil, El Blanco
Pcnnell & Busby 24 (NY),
61. Justicia idiogenes Leonard, sp. nov.

Figuke 230
Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum dense hirsutis,
deorsum glabratis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
pilis patulis,
apice acuta vel acuminata (apica ipso obtuso), basi
angustata,
aliquanto firma, integra, supra glabra, subtus hirtella, pilis praccipue
in costa et venis positis, curvatis, ascendentibus,
cystolithis minutis,
inconspicuis; petioli hirsuti; spicae axillares, solitariae vel
binae,'
plus minusve curvatae, floribus secundis, pluribus et densis,
rhache
et pedunculo gracilibus, bracteae spathulatae, obtusae vel
hirtellis;
rotundatae, basi angustatae, aliquanto birtellae et ciliatae; bracteolae
—
similes sed paulo angustiore; calycis sementa lanceolato-subulata^

glabra; corolla alba (interdum lilacina), parva, labiis subacqualibiis,
labio superiore erccto, ovato, apicc subobtuso ct cinargianto, labio
inferiore 3-lobato, plus minusve patulo, lobis ovatis, rotundatis;
stamina vix exserta, lobis antherarum leviter superpositis, glabris,
lobo inferiore calcarato^ filamentis planis, subhyalinis; capsulae

parvae, clavatae, parce hirtcllae; rctinacula fere recta, apice tcnuia;
semina siiborbicularia, plana, nigra, glabra.
Shrubs up to L5 meters bigb; stems subquadrangular, up to 5 mm.
in diameter, densely hirsute, the hairs coarse, spreading, up to 0.65
mm. long, the lower portions of the stems glabrate; leaf blades oblong-
FiGURE 230. Justicia idiogenesLeonard {a, b, Cuatrecasas 10757; c-e^ ^/w^ 1813): a, Tip
of plant to show inflorescence and leaves; Z^, calyx, bract and bractlet;c, bract; f/, stamen;
e, capsule valve, {a, Half natural size; b, 4 times natural size; c, 5}^ times natural size;
dy 6 times natural size; ^, 1)^ times natural size.)
elliptic, up cm. long and 9 cm. wide, acute to subacuminate

to 25.5
(the tip itself subobtuse), narrowed at base, rather firm, entire,
the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface hirtellous, the hairs
confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins, curved, ascending,
about 0.2 mm, long, the venation rather prominent, more so beneath
than above, the cystoliths minute and inconspicuous, blackish;
mm
subsessile, up to 6 cm. long;, 5 mm. broad, more
numerous
peduncle short; bracts spathulate, 4.25 mm 1.5 mm, wide
near tip, obtuse or rounded, narrowed and slender toward base,

rather sparingly birtellous and ciliolate; bractlets similar but narrower
(0.75 mm. wide); calyx 4 mm. long, glabrous, the segments lance-
subulate, about 0.25 mm. wide at base; flowers white (lilac and red-
brown, Klug 1813), 8 mm. long, glabrous, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 2.5
mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, 2.5 mm. long, the upper lip
ovate, erect, 2 mm. wide near base, obtusish and emarginate at tip,
the lower lip more or less spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 1.5 mm.
long, 0.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens slightly exserted beyond the
mouth of the corolla tube, the anther lobes slightly superposed, 0.75
mm. long, 0.25 mm. broad, glabrous, the lower cell calcarate, the fila-
ments flat and subhyaline; stigma slightly exceeding the upper lip of
the corolla; capsules {Klug 1813) clavate, sparingly birtellous, 8 mm.
long, 3.5 mm. broad, 1.5 mm. thick, the stipitate solid basal portion
1.25 mm. broad; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, nearly straight, the margins
and tip thin; seeds suborbicular, flat, black, smooth.
Type in the U.
S.
damp forests along the Rio Putumayo at Puerto Porvenir, Comisaria
of Putumayo, Colombia, 230 to 250 meters altitude, November 22,
The following specimens also may be of this species: Klug's No.
1813, collected in the forests of Umbria, Comisaria of Putumayo,
325 meters altitude, October or November 1930, and Richard Evans
Schultes' No. 3538, collected along the Rio San Miguel, in the vicinity
of Conejo, Putumayo, 300 meters altitude, April 2-5, 1942.
Klug's specimen differs from the type in its lilac and red-brown
(not white) flowers and in the slightly wider and more slenderly
stipitate bracts. It does not seem expedient, however, to assign
specific or varietal rank to this plant until further material can be
examined.
Schultes' specimen was taken from a large herb and was called
Kofdn vernacular, "chu-ru-ko-pu."
in the
The specific epithet is from the Greek ISiojevris, meaning peculiar
of its kind, in allusion to the pecuhar curved secund spikes.
62. Justicia fusagasugana Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 231

Herba ramosa, caulibus subteretibus,
dense bifariam hirtelHs,
pilis retrorse curvatis, nodis tumidis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata
vel lanceolata, apice obtusa, acuta vol acuminata, basi rotundata

vel cuneata, aliquanto firma, intcgra vel undulata, hirtella, pilis
patulis, plus minusve curvatis; petioli dense hirtelli; flores sessiles
vel in spicis brevibus dispositi, tcrminales et axillares, rhachibus
hirtellis; bracteae lineari-subulatae, carinatae, parce hirtellae, pilis
acutis et pilis glandulosis intermixtis; segmenta calycis lanceolata,

—
ciliolata, extus parce hirtella, intus papillosa, marginibus albis et

subhyalinis; corolla lilacina, minute pubescens, tubo angusto hypo-
crateriformi, labio superlore anguste ovato, labio inferiore cunei-
formi, 3-lobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, lobis antherarum
rectis, superpositis, lobo inferiore caudato ovarium dense puberulum.
;
Branching herbs up to meter high; stems subterete, rather

1
densely hirtellous, the hairs more or less disposed in two lines, re-
trorsely curved, up to 0.4/inm. long, the nodes swollen; leaf blades
oblong-ovate to lanceolate, up to 8 cm. long 2.5 cm. wide, obtuse, Wd
Figure 231. Justicia fusagasugana Leonard {Andre 1517): a, Node of stem showing
inflorescence; t, bracts; c, tip of bract enlarged to show type of hairs; J, calyx; ^, section
of calyx segment (outer surface) enlarged to show hyaline margins; /, anther. (^,
Natural size; hj 3}i times natural size; f, 25 times natural size; d, 3 times natural size;
/,/, 10 times natural size,)
acute or acuminate, rounded to narrowed at base, moderately firm,

entire or undulate, hirtellous, the lower surface sometimes densely
so, the hairs up to 0.4 mm. long, mostly spreading and more or less
curved; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, hirtellous, usually densely soj
flowers several, borne in close axillary clusters or sometimes in short
axillary spikes up to 1.5 cm. long with hirtellous rachises; bracts
linear-subulate, up to 8 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, carinate,
sparingly hirtellous, the hairs 0.25 mm. long, some of them gland-
tipped; calyx segments lanceolate, 9 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base,
.
0.5 mm.wide at middle, thence gradually narrowed into a slender

tip, ciliolate, the outer surface sparingly hirtellous, the hairs up
to 0,25 mm. long, the inner surface papillose, the margins whitish
and subhyaline; corolla lilac, sparingly and minutely pubescent,
the tube 9 mm, long, the throat about 4 mm. broad, the upper lip
narrowly ovate, about 6 mm, long, the lower cuneiform, 11 mm. long,
3-lobed, the lobes 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens
exsertcd, reaching to middle of lips of the corolla, the anther lobes
superposed and vertical, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm, broad, the lower one
caudate, the tail 0.75 mm. long; ovary densely puberulent; cap-
sules not seen.
Type Kew
Herbarium, collected at Fusagasug^, Department
in the
of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1,780 meters altitude, February 4, 1876,
Ed. Andre (No. 1517).
Cundinamarca: Toeaimaj 500 meters altitude, January 1858, Triana s. n.
(Col)
Justiciafusagasugana is closelj^ related to and superficially resembles

the Alexlcan J.Jurcata Jacq. The habit of growth, leaf blades, stems,
and inflorescences of the two species are very similar. The bracts
and calyces are, however, definitely different. In JJurcata, the bracts
are thick, narrowly obovate, up mm.
wide and broadest above the
to 3
middle, acute at tip, the costa prominent, and the calyces are notice-
ably larger and their segments oblong instead of slenderly acuminate.
G3. Justicia scytophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 232
Herba vel suffrutcx^ caulibus raraosis, subquadrangularibus, angulis
rotundatis, deorsum Icviter sulcatis, glabris, sursum bifariam hirtcllis,
pilis albis, curvatis; lamina foliorum lanceolata, apice acuta, basi
obtusa, brcviter in petiolum decurrens, coriacea, Integra vel undulata,
glabra vel in costa et area marginah parce hirtella, costa et venis
latcralibus et venulis crassc roticulatis utrinquc promlnentibus,
cystohthis nuUis; pctioli breves, minute puboruli, pilis subappressis;
spicac densae, terniinalos, rhachibus minute puberulis, pilis curvatis,
pedunculis bifariam puberuhs; bracteae parvae, anguste lanceolatae,
acutac, ciliatae, parce et minute hirtellae, costa promincntc; bracteolae
subulatae, costa prominente, ciliatae et parce liirtellae; caljxis scg-
menta lanceolata, apice acuta, gracilia, ciliata, parce et minute hir-
tella; corolla hypocratcriformis, sursum pubcscens, deorsum glabra,
labio superiore anguste ovato, apice bilobato, lobis parvis, obtusis,
labio inferiorc cuncato, 3-lobato; stamina vix exserta, glabra, lobis
antherarum superpositis, minute dorsale pilosis, connectivo lato;
capsulae clavatae, pubesccntos.
Herbs or suffrutesccnt plants; stems branching, subquadrangular,
the angles rounded, the lower portions shallowly grooved, glabrous.
LEONARD —THE ACANTPIACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 627
the upper parts bifariously hirtellous, the hairs white, variousl}^

curved, up to 0,45 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 6,5 cm, long
and 12 mm* wide near base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip,
narrowed or obtuse at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole,
coriaceous, entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa and marginal
regions sparingly hirtellous, the hairs on the costa curved, subap-
pressed, up to 0.24 mm. long, those on and near the margins of the
leaf blades rigid, mostly ascending and about 0,08 mm. long, the costa,
lateral veins (about 7 pairs) and the coarsely reticulated veinlets
prominent on both surfaces of the leaf blade, the cystoliths not
apparent; petioles 1 to 3 mm. long, finely puberulous with subappressed
hairs; flowers borne in dense spikes 1 to 2,5 cm, long and 5 to 10 mm,
broad, these terminating the branches, the rachises minutely puberul-
ife
Figure 232.— Justicia scytophylla Leonard {Schultes i^ Cabrera 17545): a, Portion of stem
5 cm- below spike; i, spike; c, bract; dy calyx and bractlets; ^, upper lip of corolla;
/, anther, (a, b^ Natural size, r, f> 3}^ times natural size; d, 3 times natural size;
/, about 9 times natural size.)
more or less curved hairs, only a few of which exceed 0.16 mm

cm
mm. loner. 0,5 mm
near the middle, acute^ sparingly and minutely hirtellous and' cUiate
the costa prominent; bractlets subulate^ 5 mm. long, 0.25 mm. widi
at base, the hairs and costa similar to those of the bracts; calyx seg
ments 5, lanceolate, 5.5 mm. long, 0,5 mm. wide near Base and middle
thence narrowed into a slender tip, sparingly and minutely hirtellou
and ciliate, the hairs up to 0.08 mm. long; corolla 8 mm. long, the upper
part finely and rather sparingly pubescent, the lower part glabrous,
the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, 2 mm. broad at the throat, the upper
lip rather narrowly ovate, 6 mm. long, 2 mm* wide at base, narrowed
from middle minutely bilobed tip 0,5 mm. wide, the lobes 0.25 mm.
to a
long, obtuse, the lower lip subovate, about 6 mm. long and 4 mm.
wide, rather shallowly 3-lobed at tip; stamens about 3 mm. long,
slightly exserted, the filaments slender, glabrous, the anther cells super-
posed, 0.75 mm. long, 0.25 mm. thick, minutely pilose dorsally, the
connective 0.25 mm, wide; capsules clavate, 7 mm, long, the seed-
bearing part 4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad and about 2 mm. thick, the
densely
mm. loner, the tin th
cucullate.
Type the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2124584, collected
in
along the Rio Piraparand, a tributary of the Rio Apaporls, Comlsaria
of Vaup^s, September 18, 1952, by Richard Evans Schultes and
Isidoro Cabrera (No. 17545). Isotype: US.
The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material. The
specific epithet is from the Greek ckitos, leather, and <^6XXoj', leaf, in
allusion to the coriaceous texture of the leaf blades.
64. Justicia killipii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 233

Herba ascendens, caulibus subquadrangularibus, minute et sub-
tiliter et retrorse strigosis; lamina foliorum ovata, breviter acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi acuta vel obtusa, aliquanto firma, Integra,
utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus subtus prominentibus,
strigosis, cystolithis gracilibus et aliquanto obscuris; petioli strigosi
vel hirtclh; spicae trifurcatae, terminales, angustae, pedunculo com-
muni longo, quadrangulari, hirsuto, pilis ascendentibus, pedunculis
secundariis brevioribus hirsutis; bracteae spicas subtendentes an-
gustc lanceolatae, carina tae, hirsutae, pinnati-nervatae; bracteae flores
subtendentes lanceolatae, subacutae, parce hirtellae, pilis fere mar-
ginalibus patulis vel ascendentibus, rectis vel suberectis, costa at
nervis prominentibus; bracteolae anguste triangulares, acutae, parce
hirtellae, costa et nervis lateralibusprominentibus; calycis segmenta
hirtclla (piHs glandulosis leviter curvatis) et puberula (pilis patulis,
glandulosis), costa et nervis prominentibus; corolla alba, minute
hirtelk; pilis plus minusve patulis, labio superiore erecto,
rectis,
oblongo-ovato, apice subacuto, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo,
cuneiformi, 3-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina exserta, in labio
antico coroUae declinata, filamentis sursum glabris, deorsum retrorse
hirsutis, lobis antherarum superpositis, verticalibus, lobo inferiore
caudato; capsulae clavatae, hirtellae et puberulae, pilis patulis glandu-

losis et pilis longioribus acutis, rigidis, patulis vel basi retrorsis vel
apice ascendentibus intermixtis; retinacula levlter curvata, apice alba,
truncata, erosa.
Herbs up to 25 cm. high, ascending; stems subquadrangular,
minutely and finely retrorsely strigose, the hairs up to 0.11 mm. long;
leaf blades ovate, up to 9 cm. long and 4.8 cm. wide, short-acuminate
Figure 233.—Justicia Leonard {Killip 35469): a. Tip of plant; i, portion of leaf

killipii
(under side) in detail to show hairs and cystoliths; c, bracts, a bractlet and calyx;
d, calyx; e, portion of bract enlarged to show pubescence;/, tip of corolla; g, anther.
{a. Half natural size, h, 20 times natural size; c, d, 4 times natural size; e, 25 times
natural size;/, m times natural size; g, 9 times natural size.)
(the tip itself blunt), acute to obtuse at base, rather firm, entire,
glabrous on both surfaces except the strigose costa and lateral veins
(8 or 9 pairs) of the lower surface, the cystoliths slender, up to 0.24
mm. long, rather obscure; petioles up to 1 cm. long, sparingly strigose
or hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long; flowers borne in trifurcate
spikes up to 7 cm. long and 5 mm. broad, the common peduncle 10.5
cm. Ions, subquadranerular, 1.5 mm. thick, hirsute, the hairs ascending.
to 0.32 mm. long, septate, the secondary pe

mm. long, those of the lateral ones 15 mm
mm. ions'. 2.5 mm
J pcnnlnerved, hirsute, the hairs mostly marginal and
subtending the flowers narrowly ovate, subacute. 4.5
mm* long, L25 mm. wide a
marerinaL ud to 0.19 mm
nearly so, the costa and lateral nerves (2 or 3 pairs) prominent; bract-
lets narrowly triangular, 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, sparingly
hirtellous, acute, costa and lateral nerves 1 or 2 pairs, prominent;
calyx 7 mm. long, hirtellous and puberulous, the longer hairs eglandu-
lar, slightly curved, up to 0.19 mm. Ions:, the smaller hairs strnif^hi
mm. lonjr, tinDcd bv small
mm
white, mmutcly hirtellous, the hairs straight or slightly curved, more or
less spreading, the tube 6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed
at 3 mm. above base to 1.5 mm., thence enlarged to 2 mm. at throat,
the upper lip erect, oblong, about 9 mm. long, 3 mm. wide near base,
acutish at tip, the lower lip more or less spreading, about 7 mm. long,
cuneate, 2 mm. wide at base of the lobes, these suborbicular, about
1.25 mm. in diameter, the stamens reaching the tip of and partly lying
in the upper lip of the corolla, dcclinate, the filaments glabrous except
mm
mm
vertically attached to the connective, the lower cell terminating in
a blunt tail 0.5 mm. long; capsules clavate, about 1 cm. long, 2 mm.
broad, 1.75 mm. both hirtellous and puberulous, the longer
thick,
hairs rigid, eglandular, spreading or rctrorse toward base and ascend-
ing toward tip, up to 0.13 mm. long, the smaller hairs spreading,
up to 0.06 mm.
long, glandular; rctinacula 4, about 2 mm
white, truncate, eroso.
Herbarium
Istmina
meters altitude, April 29, 1939, by E. P. Killip
(No. 35469).
Choco: Rio San Juan 0-40 meters. May 29. 1946
Cualrecasas 2 1428 (Valle),
Justicia killipii is closely related to J. sterea

Leonard but can be
separated by its smaller size, the more ovate-shaped leaves and the
much larger spikes. The plants of J. sterea often exceed 70 cm. in
height, thus being at least twice as high as those of J, killi-pii; their
elliptic leaves are up to 13.5 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide instead of only
9 cm. long and 4.8 cm. wide, and their spikes are only 3 cm. long
instead of 7 cm.
65, Justicia graphophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 234

Herba ma
multis
punctiformibus; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata
(apice gracili), basi angustata, firma, undulata, utrinque glabra^ costa
et vcnis lateralibus ct venulis crasse reticulatis prominentibus^ cysto-
lithisutrinque multis, conspicuis; petioli glabri vel parce strigosi;
spicae axillarcs et tcrminalcs; peduDculi antrorse hirtcUi, pilis rigidis;
rhaches subquadrangulares, dense hirtellae, pilis rigidis, antrorse sub-
bracteae infimae
multis
bracteae supremae subulatae vel anguste triangulares, parvae, acumi-
natae, carinatae, parce hirtellae, cystolithis multis et conspicuis;
bracteolae bracteis similes vel leviter breviores; calycis segmenta
anguste linearia, parce hirtella, pilis rigidis, ascendentibus, cystolithis
multis, conspicuis; corolla alba, labio anteriore violaceo-maculato, tubo
angusto, basi glabro, sursum aliquanto dense birtello, pilis plus minusve
patulis, rigidis, labio superiore erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice rotundato,
em
loso-papilloso, apice rotundatis. lobo m
stamina exserta labium
arum hirsutis, superpositis, ver-
armm erlabrum
Large herbs, probably up to 1 meter high or more; stems subquad-
rangular, glabrous or sparingly pubenJous at the nodes, the hairs rigid,
upwardly appressed, the cystoliths numerous, subpunctiform; leaf
blades oblong-elhptic, up to 17 cm, long and 8 cm. wide, short-
acuminate, the tip slender, narrowed at base, firm, undulate, both
surfaces glabrous, the costa, lateral veins (usually 8 pairs) and the
coarsely reticulated veinlets prominent, the cystoliths of both surfaces
numerous and conspicuous, 0.24 mm. long; petioles 2 to 2.5 cm. long,
glabrous or sparingly strigose; spikes axillary and terminal, usually
about 6 cm. long; peduncles 8 to 13 mm. long, upwardly hirtellous, the
hflirR riPîd. Kubannressed. mostlv about 0.11 mm. lonor; rachis sub-
mm. in diam
mm
lowermost mm
wide at base, carinate and condupUcate, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs
mm. Ions*, the cvstoliths numerous
conspicuous, the upper bracts subulate or narrowly triangular, about
g, narrowed from base to a slender tip, carina
\ and covered with cvstoliths; bractlets similar
men
mm. loner* about 0.75 mm
hairs rigid and ascending, up to 0.2 mm. long, the cystoliths numerous,
parallel and conspicuous; corolla white with the anterior lip spotted
with violet (Pennell), 26 mm. long, rather densely hirtellous except
at base, the hau-s more or less spreading, up to 0.24 mm. long, rigid,
the corolla tube narrow, 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 5 mm.
above base to 1.5 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 2.5 mm. at mouth,
Figure lU.—Justkia graphophylla Leonard {Pennell 4500): a. Section of plant showing

node, internode, leaf, peduncle and lowermost pairs of bracts (spikes
fragmented);
b, portion of leaf blade (under surface) enlarged to show veins
and cystoliths; f, lower-
most pair of bracts; d, section of spike showing bracts, a bractlet and calyi; e, section
of calyx segment enlarged to show nerves, pubescence and cystoliths;
/, corolla; g,
portion of lower lip of corolla enlarged to show capitate-glandular hairs;
A, anther.
{a. Half natural size; h, about 14 times natural size; c, d, 4 times
natural size; e, 12 times
natural size;/, twice natural size; g, about 30 times natural size; A, 7 times
natural size.)
mm. ione. 4 mm
mm. wide at tip, rounded, emarsfinate
recurved, the inner surface papillose, oblong, 5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at
tip, the lobes about 1 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, rounded,
the middle
one cucullate; stamens exserted, equaling or slightly shorter than the
corolla lips, the filaments glabrous, the anthers 3.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
broad, dorsally hu*sute, the cells superposed and vertically attached
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ HI 633
to the connective, the cells slightly overlapping, the lower one short-
caudate, the rounded at tip, about 0.32 mm, long; ovary hirtellous.
tail

in forest of Boca Antizales, on the Rio Esmeralda, Department of
Bolivar, Colombia, 800 to 1,200 meters altitude, February 26, 1918,
by Francis W. Pennell (No. 4500).
Justicia graphophylla bears a close relationship to J. phlebophyUa
and resembles it in many respects, especially in the large glabrous or
nearly glabrous leaf blades, these densely covered by cystoliths. In
J. phlebophyllaj the rachis of the spike is heavy and the flowers
secund; the rachis does not show any tendency to fragmentation
as in J, graphophylla. The specific epithet is from the Greek
engrave or draw, and <l>vXKov,
ypa<l>o), leaf, in allusion to the design
formed by the conspicuous cystoliths.
66. Justicia petraea Leonard, sp, nov. Figure 235
SufFruteXj caulibus asccndentibus, fere simplicibus, sursum sub-

quadrangularibus, basi in nodis radicantibus, subbrun-
hirtellis, pilis
neis, retrorse curvatiSj deorsum teretibus, retrorse puberulis; lamina

foliorum oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-clliptica^ aplce breviter acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi obtusa vel rotundata, aliquanto firma, Integra,
utrinque glabra vel parce hksuta, costa et venis lateralibus subtus
prominentibus, supra obscuris, cystolithis prominentibus petioli ;
crassi, hirtelli; spicae terminales, simplices vel furcatae, pedunculis et

rhachibus aliquanto hirtellis, pilis brunneis, plus minusve patulis;
bracteae parvae, anguste lanceolatae, apice obtusae, firmae, sub-
carinatae, striatae, hirtellae ; bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae, apice
obtusae, hirtellae; calycis scgmenta anguste lanceolata, apice acuta,
parce hirtella, graciliter 3-ncrvata; corolla alba, labiis purpureo-
lineatis,parce pubcrula, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore oblongo-
ovato, apice rotundatis; stamina exserta, antherae lobis superpositis,
lobo inferiore calcarato, calcarc apice cucullato, rotundato, connectivo
calcarato, pubescentc, filamentis sursum glabris, basi retrorse hirtcllis,
pilis rigidis, rectis; capsulae clavatae, aliquanto hirtellae, pilis acutis
et pilis brevioribus glandulosis intermixtis; semina plana, obscure
muricata.
Suffrutescent plants up to 1.15 meters high or more; stems ascend-
ing, mostly simple, subquadrangular, hirtellous, the hairs brownish,
about 0.28 mm. long, retrorscly curved, the lower portions of the
stems subteretc, glabrate or sparingly and retrorsely puberulous, the
horizontal portions rooting at the nodes; leaf blades oblong-ovate or
oblong-elliptic, 14 cm. long, 5.5 cm. wide, short- acuminate (the tip
itself obtuse or rounded), obtuse or rounded at base, rather fh:m,
entire, both surfaces glabrous or sparingly hirsute, the hairs brownish,
S88179— 5T 21
—
up to 1.5 mm. long, ascending or subappressed, up to 1.5 mm. long,

those of costa and lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs) smaller, up to 0.5
mm. long, the venation prominent beneath, less so above, the cysto-
liths numerous and conspicuous, up to 0.25 mm. long; petioles stout,
2 to 4 mm. long, hirtellous with brownish ascending hairs up to 0.2
mm, long; spikes terminal, single or forked, up to 12 cm, long, the
secondary peduncles about 2.5 cm. long, the lowermost internode of
Figure 235. Justicia peiraea Leonard (C. L. Collenelte 614): a, Tip of plant; t, portion of
under surface of leaf blade enlarged toshow pubescence and cystoliths; bract; d^tr,
bractlet; <?,calyx;/, portion of capsule enlarged to show pubescence; g, anther (front

view); A, same (lateral view), (a, About half natural size; b^ 10 times natural size;
c-e, 5 times natural size;/, about 20 times natural size; g, k^ 8 times natural size.)
the rachis 1.5 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward tip of
spike, these and the peduncles rather densely hirtellous, the hairs
brown, more or less spreading, up to 0.3 mm. long; bracts subtend-
mg spikes subulate, 4 or 5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide at base,
gradually narrowed to a blunt tip, subcarinate, firm, hirtellous like
the rachis; bracts subtending the flowers subulate, the lowermost pair
linear-lanceolate, 3.5 mm, long, 075 mm. wide, blunt at tip, striate,
hirtellous, the others successively smaller toward tip of spike ; bractlets

LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA^ HI 635
linear^ up to 3.5 mm. long and 0,5 mm. wide, blunt at tip, hirtellous;
€alyx 6 mm. long, the segments narrowly lanceolate, 5 mm, long, 0.5
mm. wide near the base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip, sparingly
hirtellous with spreading or ascending hairs up to 0.5 mm. long,
delicately 3-nerved; corolla 13 mm. long, white with mauve markings
on lip, rather sparingly puberulous, the hairs spreading, up to 0.13
mm. long, the lips subequal, 6 mm. long, the upper one oblong-ovate,
about 3 mm. wide, rounded at tip, the lower one cuneate, 7 mm. wide
at base of the 3 lobes, these ovate, 3 mm, long, the middle one 3 mm,
wide at base, the lateral ones 2 mm. wide, all rounded at tip; stamens
slightly exscrted, the anthers 2 mm. long, dorsally pubescent, the
cells vertical or slightly oblique at maturity, superposed, 1 mm. long,
0.5 mm. wide, the lower one calcarate, the tail 0.5 mm. long, cucullatc
and rounded at tip, the connective spurred, the filaments glabrous
except at base, here retrorsely hirtellous with straight rigid hairs up
to 0.24 mm. long; capsules 4-seeded, clavate, 1 cm. long, 2 mm.
broad, 1.5 mm. thick, rather sparingly hirtellous, the hairs more or
less spreading, up to 0,11 mm. long or a few at the tip of the capsule
reaching 0,18 mm. in length, the acute hairs intermixed with shorter
gland-tipped ones; retinacula curved or bent at middle, 1.5 mm,
long, the tip rounded, thin, obscurely erose; seeds flat, about 2 mm. in
diameter, light brown, obscurely tuberculate.
Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected on rocks
narrow gorge in
near stream, Gorgona Island (off coast of Cauca), Colombia, ''200
ft/^ altitude, October 18, 1924, by C. L. CoUenette (No. 614),
Justicia petraea may be related to J. sterea^ a species with a similar
inflorescence but with the leaf blades acute at base and the petioles
longer- The specific epithet is from the Greek TrerpaZos, meaning
living on or among rocks, in allusion to its habitat.
67. Justicia sterea Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 236
Herba recta, rigida, caulibus simplicibus vel parce ramosis, sub-

quadrangularibus, sursum bifariam retrorse strigosis, pilis minutis,
deorsum glabris, cystolithis minutis et parallclis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-elliptica, apice breviter acuminata et saepe curvata, basi
angustata, firma, crassa, Integra, supra glabra, subtus glabra, costa
et venis prominentibus minute strigosis exceptis, cystolithis conspicuis
sed plus minusve raris; petioli crassi, minute strigosi; spicae bifurcatac,
pedunculis aliquanto longis, hirtellis, pilis brunneis, recurvatis, rhache
hirtella, pilis plus minusve rectis et patulis; bracteae spicas sub-
tendentes subulatae, acutae, carinatae, cystolithis dcnsis conspicuis
parallelis; bracteae flores subtendentes anguste triangulares, acutae,
hirsutae et ciliatae, cystolithis parallelis, prominentibus; bracteolae
similes sed angustiores; calycis segmenta 5, parva, lanceolata, acuta,
o
3-nervata, costa et marginibus parce ciliolata; corolla alLa, aliquant

puberula (pilis eglandulosis et pilis glandulosis iiitcrmixtis), aliquanto
parva, tubo subcylindrico, labio siipcriorc crccto, oblongo, apice
minute bilobato, lobis rotundatis, labio infcriore patulOj cuneato,
trilobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina exscrta, in labio antico corollae
dcclinata, lobis antl erarum superpositis, rectis, lobo infcriore
ovarmm
Sim
ingly branched, subquadrangular, the upper portion bifariously and
mm
Figure 236.—JusHcia sterea Leonard {Cuatrecasas 16811): a, Tip of plant to show leaf
and inflorescence; h, portion of leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged
to show pubescence
and cystoliths; c, bract and bractlets; d, margin of bract (near
tip) enlarged to show
pubescence; e, calyx segment (inner surface);/, tip of calyx
segment (outer surface);
g, tipof corolla; h, portion of inner surface of upper lip enlarged to show glandular
pubescence; r*, anther, {a, Half natural size; h, times natural size; c, 5 times natural
g, 3
size; d, 18 times natural size; f,f, 4>^ times natural si^c; h, 30 times natural size; {, IS
minute
13.5 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, acuminate, the tips often
firm
the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface
glabrous except the
costa and lateral veins (8 or 9 pairs), these minutely
strigose, the
venation prominent beneath, obscure above, the cystoliths
conspic-
uous under lens but more or less scattered; petioles
up to 2 cm.
long and 1.75 mm. thick, minutelv striyosn- flnwors l-.nrno ir. ir.^.-^;^î
cm. long and 6 mm
6 cm. long, hirtellous, the hairs brownish, recurved, up to 0.16 mm,

long, the rachis hirsute, the hairs similar to those of the peduncle
but straighter and more spreading, the bracts subtending the spikes
subulate^ 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm, wide at base, acute, carinate, hirsute,
the cystoliths dense, parallel, conspicuous wliere not obscured by the
hairs; bracts subtending the flowers narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long,
1 mm. wide at base, acute and ciliate, densely covered by parallel
cystoliths; bractlets similar to the bracts but slightly narrower;

calyx segments 5, about 5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved,
the costa and margins sparingly ciliolate; corolla white, rather
sparingly puberulous, some of the hairs glandular, the upper lip
erect, oblong, 6.5 mm. long^ 1.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed
to a minutely bilobed tip 0.5 mm.
wide, the lower lips spreading,
cuneate, about 3 mm. wide at the base of the lobes, these 3, rounded,
about L5 mm. long and wide; stamens barely reaching the tip of the
upper corolla lip and partly enfolded by it, the anther lobes superposed,
vertically attached to the connective, each lobe about 0.75 mm. long,
the lower one spurred, the style slightly longer than the stamens;
ovary hirsute at the tip.
Type ill the lierbariura of the Facultad dc Agronomia del Valle,
Palmira, Colombia, collected at La Trojita, on the Rio Calima,
Department of El Valle, Colombia, 5 to 50 meters altitude, February
19 to March 10, 1944, by J. Cuatrecasas (No, 16811),
The label on the type sheet bears the following notes by J. Cuatre-
casas: '^Hierba erguida, rigida, Hoja herbacea, crasiuscula, verdo
grisacca; bractcas y calicos verde pahdas, Corola blanca.^' Justicia
sterea has apparently no close relatives, except perhaps J. petraea or
J. hodgeL The specific epithet is from the Greek arepeosj meaning stiff
or rigid, in allusion to the habit of the plant.
68. Justicia sclera Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 237
Herba parva ascendens, cauUbus in nodis radicantibus, sursum

glabris vel retrorse puberulis; lamina foliorum oblonga, apice obtusa,
basi rotundata, aliquanto firma, Integra, glabra vel subtus costa
minute hirtella, pilis curvatis, costa et venis prominentibus, cysto-
lithisprominentibus; petioli longi, graciles, glabri vel minute hirtelli;
spicae tcrminalcs, pedunculo longo ct rhache puberulis; bracteae
spathulatae, minute ct parce puberulae et ciliolatae, obtusae, basi
angustc cuneatae; bracteolae oblanceolatae, apice rotundatae, basi
angustatae, parce puberulae et ciliolatae; calycis segmenta lanceo-
lata, acuminata, parce puberula et ciliolata; corolla ignota; capsulae
clavatae, aliquanto parvae, glabrae vel apice pilis paucis minutis
praeditae; retinacula leviter curvata, marginibus gracilitcr striata,
apice plana, obtusa, erosa; semina subbrunnea, cordata, muricata.
—
Ascending herbs up to 20 cm. high; stems rooting at the lower nodes,

sub quadrangular, glabrous or retrorsely puberulous, the hairs up to
0.38 mm, long; leaf blades oblong, up to 7 cm. long and 28 mm. wide,
obtuse at tip, rounded at base, moderately firm, entire, glabrous
Figure 237. Jusiicia sciera Leonard {Guturrez-F, 1300): a^ Tip of plant showing leaves
and Inflorescence; b, portion of upper part of stem enlarged to show pubescence; c,
portion of leaf blade (under surface) enlarged to show cystoliths; dy bract; ^, bractlct;
/, calyx segment; g, capsule valve; A, retinaculum, {a, Natural size; i, about 30 times
natural îixe; c, 10 times natural size; d-f^ 3 times natural size; g, 2 times natural size;
A, 6}i times natural size.)
or the costa of the lower surface roughened by minute curved hairs,

the venation rather prominent beneath (the lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs)
obscure above, the cystoliths rather prominent under a lens; petioles
slender, up roughened by minute curved
to 4 cm, long, glabrous or
hairs; flowers borne in terminal spikes up to 4 cm. long and 2 cm.
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBlAj III 639
broad, the peduncle 1.5 cm

mm. lone, 3 to 3.5 mm
cm
mm
moderately
prominent; calyx segments lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 0.75 mm
gradually
mm
mm
pressed hairs toward tip, these about 0.06 mm. long; retinacula 2.1
mm. long, slightly curved, the margins finely striate, the tip flattened
obtuse, erose; seed brownish, cordate, flattened, about 2.5 mm. lon^
and 2 mm. broad, muricate, the projections low and rounded.

Type herbarium
in the of the Facultad de Agronomia
Nacional, Medellin, Colombia, collected in a damp shad^
bank of the Rio Verde de los Montes, in the Municipi
Department of Antioquia, Colombia, January 31, 194^
Gutierrez-V. (
The flowers, according to label notes, are lilac. Appa,rently there

arc no close relatives. from
meaning "in the shade."
69. Justicia stereostachya Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 238
Herba, caulibus rectis vel subquadrangularibus,

ascendentibus,
deorsum glabris, sursum bifariam hirsutis, pilis curvatis lamina ;
^
acuta vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso

foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, ahquaiito firma et
subcoriacea, integra vel undulata, supra glabra, obscure viridis (sicca),
cystolithis sub lente conspicuis, subtus olivacea, glabra, costa et venis
conspicuis, aliquanto puberulis, pilis subappressis pctioh breves,

;
strigillosi; spicae terminales, solitariae vel ternae, rigidae, pcduncuhs

gracilibus, acute quadrangularibus, hirsutis, pilis curvatis, patulis
vel ascendentibus, septatis, rhache plana, hirsuta; bracteae oyatae,

firmae, ciliatae. hirsutae, pilis rectis, septatis, acutis vel cyathiform-
ommen
minusve
calycis segmcnta rigida, lanceolata,
formibus ferentes, costa prominente
Datulis. eland ulosis, labiis subaequali
eiformi
3-lobato, lobis orbicularibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta, lobis
superpositis et contiguis, verticalibus, lobo inferiorc calcarato;

semina im
matura) plana, apice rotundata, basi oblique subcordata, glabra.
Erect or ascending herbs up to 40 cm. higli or more; stems sub-

quadrangular, glabrous below, the upper portions bifariously hirsute,
the hairs about 0.3 mm. long, curved; leaf blades oblong-elliptical,
up to 13 cm. long and 5.2 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip
f/< Â
Figure 238.~Juslicia stereostachya Leonard {CuaiTecasas 13061): a, Tip of plant showing

leaf blades and spike; b, calyx, bracts and bractlets; c, hairs from dorsal region of
bract; d, corolla; e, pubescence of corolla; /, anther; g, capsule valve; h, seed, {a,
Natural size; b, about 3 times natural size; c, 30 times natural size; d, twice natural
size; e, 4 times natural size;/, 7}i times natural size; g, 1>^ times natural size; h, 6 times
natural size.)
itself obtuse), narrowed at base

and decurrent on the petiole, rather
firm and leathery, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous,
drying dull green, minutely alveolar, the costa and lateral veins (6 to
8 pairs) obscure, the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens, up to
0.24 mm. long, the lower surface drying light olive-green, glahrons
except costa and lateral veins^ these conspicuous, moderately pubcru-
lous, the hairs curved, up to 0,11 mm. long, subap pressed; petioles
5 mm. longj appressod-puberulous; spikes sohtary or in 3^s, rigkl^ up
to 5 cm, long and 4 mm, broad^ the peduncles slender, up to 2.4 cm.
long, sharply quadrangular, 0J5 mm. thick gradually increased to
1.75 mm. at base of first pair of bracts, there somewhat flattened,
hirsute, the hairs straight or curved, spreading or ascending, septate,
the rachis flattened, the lower internodes about 6 mm. long, the others
successively shorter toward tip of the spike, the hairs similar to those
of the peduncles; bracts ovate, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm, wide, acute,
about
firm, hirsute, the hairs 0.2 mm. long, erect, septate, some of
them cyathiform, the margins ciliate, the costa prominent, the cysto-
liths conspicuous; bractlets ovate, 1.75 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide,
acute, the pubescence that of the bracts; calyx 6 mm. long, the
segments rigid, lanceolate, 4 mm, long, 1 mm. wide slightly above
middle, acute, glabrous or bearing a few cjâthiform hairs, sparingly
ciliate, the costa and a pair of lateral nerves prominent; corolla lilac,
densely puberulous with spreading glandular hairs about 0.8 mm, long,
except the lower portion, this glabrous, the tube 6 mm. long, the
basal portion 2.5 mm. broad, narrowêd at middle to 2 mm., thence
enlarged to 2.5 mm, at throat, the lips subequal, about 6 mm. long,
the upper lip triangular-ovate, 3 mm. broad at base, obtuse and
apiculate at tip, the lower lip cuneiform, 5 mm. wide near tip, 3-lobcd,
the lobes orbicular, the middle one 2.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones
1.75 mm. wide, all rounded, the throat swollen and plaited; stamens
exserted 5 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla, the lobes 1 mm.
long, superposed and contiguous, attached vertically to the connective,
the lower ceU spurred, the spur ligulate, curved, flattened, rounded at
tip, the filaments flattened, their ventral surface densely glandular-
puberulous; style about as long as the stamens; ovary glabrous;

capsules slenderly clavate, 1 cm. long, 2 mm. broad, 1.5 mm. thick,
puberulous, the hairs appressed, about 0,1 mm. long, the retinacula
1.5 mm. long; seed (immature) flattened, 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide,
rounded at tip, obliquely subcordate at base, glabrous.
U. S.
in the valley of the Kio Cubugon, between El Carano and El Indio, in
the vicinity of Sarare, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia,
470 to 600 meters altitude, November 12, 1941, by J, Cuatrecasas
(No. 13061),
'
Justicia stereostachya can be easily recognized by its rigid spikes,
densely glandular corollas wdth swollen plaited throat, and by the

leathery leaf blades. The specific epithet is from the greek crrepeos,
rigid, and ardxi^s, spike.

70- Jusficia hodgei Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 239
SuffruteX; caulibus qiiadrangularibus vel dcorsum subteretibiis,

lamina folionim
glal)ris vol in iiodis birtellis, pilis rigidis fcrc patiilis;
oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata, apice saepe

curvata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma,
Integra vel undulata, glabra vel costa et venis prominentibus parce
et minute liirtellis, pilis rigidis, cystolitliis obscuris; petioli aliquanto
crassi, glabri vel minute hirtelli; spicae solitariae, terminales^ densae
vel basi in maturitate laxae, pcdunculis quadrangularibus, minute
et parcc liirtcUis, rhachibus minute birtellis, pilis rigidis fere patulis;
bracteae ovataCj acutae (apice ipso obtuso)^ glabrae, marginibus
ciliolatis, pilis rigidis, patulis vel ascendcntibus; bracteolae lanceolatae,
parvae, acutae, glabrae, marginibus ambis bracteis et bract-
ciliolatis,
colis cystolithis crassis conspicuis praeditis; calycis segmenta lancco-

lata, graciliter acuminata, glabrae vel subglabrae, marginibus cilio-
latis, cystolitliis paucis gracilibus; corolla aliquanto parva, lilacina,
dense hirtcUa, tubo subcylindrico, labio superioro
pilis rigidis, patulis,
erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice emarginato, labio inferiore trilobato,

lobis oblongo-Qvatis, apice rotundatis, marginibus ciliolatis; stamina
vix exscrta, lobis anthcrarum supcrpositis, lobo superiore obliquo,
inferiore verticali, obscure caudato; capsulao clavatac, minute
hirtcllae, pilis rigidis, patulis.
SufFrutcsccnt plants up to 1 meter high; stems quadrangular or
the lower parts subtercte, glabrous or hirtellous at the nodes, the
hairs rigid, up to 0.13 mm, mostly spreading; leaf blades
long,
oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, up to 21 cm, long and 9 cm. wide,
short-acuminate, tlie tip often curved, narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, rather firm, entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa
and veins sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the hairs rigid, up to
0.08 mm. long, the venation prominent beneath, less so above, the
cystoliths obscure; petioles up to 1 cm. long, 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous
or sparingly and minutely hirtellous; spikes solitary, terminal, dense
or, at maturity, lax toward base, up to 5 cm. long and 15 mm. broad,
the peduncles up to 2 cm. long, quadrangular, minutely and sparingly

hirtellous, the rhachis minutely hirtellous, the hairs rigid, for the most
part about 0.13 mm, long, or a few at the nodes as much as 0.32 mm.
long, mostl}^ spreading; bracts ovate, 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide near
base, acute (tlie tip itself blunt), glabrous except the margins, these
ciliolate with rigid spreading or ascending hairs up to 0.16 mm. long;
bractlets lanceolate, 2.25 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, acute, glabrous
except the ciliolate margins, both bracts and bractlets densely covered
with thick conspicuous parallel cystoliths up to 0.13 mm. long;
calyx 7-8 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, 6 mm, long, 1,75 mm,
wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender acute tip, obscurely
and delicately 3-nerved at base, glabrous except the mar

ciliolate few, slender, rarely over 0.06 mm
corolla about 12 mm. long, lavender, densely hirtellous, the hau-s
mm. lone:, the tube subcyimdnc, 2 mm
broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, emarginate at tip,
the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes oblong-ovate, rounded at tip, ciliolate;
stamens slightly exserted but not extending beyond the corolla lips,
4\(.
-'At"
Figure 239. — /
calyx segment;
show marginal hairs and cystoUths; d, bractlet; e,
of bract enlarged to
(a,
/
times natural size; c, 25 times natural size; e, 5 times natural size;
Natural size; b, d, lî
2)4 times natural size; h, 8 times natural size.)

/, g,
_^ anther lobes superposed, 1.25 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad, the
lower vertically attached to the connective
upper lobe obliquely, the
and obscurely subcaudate at base; capsules clavate, mm
in
about 3 mm. broad and 2 mm. thick, minutely hirtellous,
mostlv spreading, rigid, up to 0.03 mm. long, some of them

tipped.
Herbarium, collected
the Rio Cararo, Department of Santandor, Colombia, 300 to 400

meters altitude, September 28, 1945, by W. H. Hodge (No. 6504).
Isotype: Med.
Justicia hodgei resembles and may be related to J. sterea. The
th
rather sparingly pubescent with slender hairs. In J. hodg<
th
minute spreading rigid hairs. Because of the scarcity of material it
was not desirable to dissect the single immature corolla and capsule.
71. .lusticia hygrobia Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 240

Herba, caulibus rcctis vel ascendcntibus, subquadrangularibus,
glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-clliptica, breviter scd
aliquanto
graciliter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata,
firma,
undulata, glabra vel in costa et vcnis promincntibus puberula, cysto-
lithis conspicuis; petioli aliquanto crassi, glabri vel
parce puberuli;
flores in spicis vel paniculis laxis dispositi, pedunculo subquadrangulari'
obscure strigoso, rhache hirtella, pilis retrorse curvatis; bracteae
parvae, anguste ovatae, acutae, 3-ncrvatae, parce hirtellae,
pilis
leviter curvatis, ascendcntibus; bractcolao lanceolatae,
parvae, con-
duplicatae, hirtellae; calycis segmcnta lineari-lanccolata,
acuta, ali-
quanto tcnuia, hirtella, pilis patulis (paucis glandulosis) vel ascen-
dcntibus; corolla lilacina, parva, hirtella, pilis leviter ct
retrorse
curvatis (paucis glandulosis), tubo subcylindrico, labiis
subequahbus,
labio superiore subcrecto, oblongo-ovato, subcucullato,
labio inferiore
patulo, 3-lobato, lobis ovatis,
rotundatis; stamina in labio antico
corollao declinata, mamcntis glabris vel basi parce
hirtellis, lobis
antherarum supcrpositis, subercctis, lobo inferiore calcarato;pistiIlum
hirtcllum, stamina acquans; capsulae clavatae, pubcrulae,
apice pihs
patulis deorsum retrorsis praeditae; retinacula
curvata apice
plana, rotundata, erosa; ovula 4.
Herbs up 40 cm. high or more; stems erect or ascending, sub-
to
quadrangular, glabrous, the lower portions 5.5 mm. in
diameter or
more; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 18 cm. long and
G.8 cm. wide,
shortly but rather slenderly acuminate (the tip itself
blunt), narrowed
at base, firm, undulate, glabrous or inconspicuously
puberulous along
costa on the lower surface, the venation prominent,
more so beneath
than above, the lateral veins usually 6 pairs, the cystoliths ratlier
mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 cm
or sparingly puberulous.
terminal
form
cm and incon-
spicuously rstigose; rachis hirtcUous, the hairs reti'orsely
curved, up
mm
the others successively shorter toward the tip of the
hifloresccnce;
bracts narrowly ovatOj 5.5 mm. long, L75 mm. wide near base, acute,
3-nerYed, sparingly hirtelloiis, the hairs slightly curved, ascending,
up to 0.2 mm. long; bractlcts lanceolate, 5 mm. long, about 1 mm.
wide at base, conduplicate, hirtellous with minute ascending straight
or slightly curved hairs; calyx 11 mm. long, deeply segmented, the
segments 5, linear-lanceolate, 0.75 mm. wide, narrowed to a slender
Figure 240.—Justicia hygrohia Leonard {Cuatrecasas 10848): a, Tip of plant showing leaf
and inflorescence; by bract; Cy portion of bract (medial dorsal) enlarged to show hairs
and cystoliths; d, bractlet; e, calyx; /, portion of calyx segment to show hairs and
cystoliths. {a. Natural size; h, d, 4 times natural size; cj, about 20 times natural size;
e, twice natural size.)
tip,rather thin, hirtellous, the hairs spreading or ascending, up to

0.13 mm. long, some of spreading ones gland-tipped; corollas lilac,
about 12 mm. long, hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, slightly
and retrorsely curved, some of them gland-tipped, the tube about 2
mm. broad at base, 4 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, 7 mm.
long, the upper lip oblong-ovate, mm
enfolding the stamens, the lower lip spreading, about 3.5 mm. wide,
3-lobcd, the lobes ovate, rounded; stamens reaching the tip of the
upper lip, the filaments glabrous or bearing a few hairs near base,
the anthers 2.5 mm. long, the lobes superposed one above the other,
subvcrtically attached to the connective, the lower lobe terminating
in a blunt white spur 0.5 mm. long; pistil equalling the stamens,
hirtellous; capsules clavate, 12 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, 1,5 mm.
thick, 4-secded, puberulous, the hairs up to 0.06 mm. long, spreading
or retrorse; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, curved or bent, the tip flat,
rounded, erose.
Type U.
in the S.
wet forests along the Rio Putuma^ô at Puerto Ospina, Comisaria of
Putumayo, Colombia, 230 meters altitude, November 29, 1940, by
J. Cuatrecasas (No. 10848).
The holotypc specimen is forked at the tip, the two branches about
20 cm. long and each bearing at the tip of the single internode (about
12 cm. long) a pair of leaves and an inflorescence. This mode of
forking may or may not be normal for the species. The lobation of
the lips was not discernible in the immature corollas of the type
material. The species apparently has no close relatives and is
probably confined to tlie Putumayo region. The specific epithet is
from the Greek word vypoîos, meaning "living in wet places."

Justicia sanctae-martae Lindau
Justicia sanctae-mariae Lindau, Bot.Engler 21: 377. 1895. Type
Jalirb.
collected in the vicinity of Santa Marta, Department of Magdalena, Colom-
bia, by Dr. Alfons Stuebel.
SufFrutesccnt, branches grcen-striatc, the cystoliths punctiform;

leafWades oblong, abruptly acuminate at tip, narrowed at base and
decurrcnt on the petiole, the costa of the upper surface puberulous,
otherwise glabrous, the cystoliths prominent; spikes dense, terminal
and axillary; bracts obovate, stipitate, those of the middle part of
the si)ike 1 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, glandular-pubescent; bractlets
lanceolate, glandular-pilose at tip; calyx segments equal, puberulous,
6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; corolla tube 12 mm. lon^. 3 mm. broad at
mm. lone:. 3 mm
mm
ly mm. long, tlie mm. long, the upper lobe mmutely spurred;
anthers 2
capsules 13 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, puberulous, the stipe 5 mm. long
and 3 mm. wide; seeds subglobose, nitid, black, 12.5 mm. in diameter.
Dr. C. E. B. Bremekamp treats this species as a synonym of
Justicia carthaginensis (Flora of Suriname 4: 241. 1938).
Justicia sp.
Killip & Hernando Garcia's No. 33571 undoubtedly

an undescribed species of Jus% specimens were collected in
artment of Choco, 50-100
dense forest along the Quebrad
meters altitude, February 1939 from which the specimens
cm. high and irf" white flowers. Collo-
a.*' it was used
specimen deposited in the National Herbarium

cm stems subquadrangular, bi-
fariously hirtellous with retrorsely curved white septate hairs up to
0.22 mm. long; the intcrnodes of the stem are short and rather
numerous, not exceedmg 2 cm. i

d
up to 23 mm. long and 14 mm
n«irrnwA(l fit, bftsfs. rather firm.
margins and the costa and lateral nerves (these moderately

spicuous)
mm
mm sparingly hirtellous. The speci-
men examined was definitely sterile without the faintest vestige of a

flower.
Leptostachya crinita Nees

Leptosiachya crinita Nees in Bcnth. Voy. Sulpliur 147. 1844. Type locality:
Colombia. Type collected by Sinclair.
glabrous; leaf blades oval-oblong, obtuse at

Stems repent at base,
the tip, long-decurrent on the petiole at has more
umbellate, half as long as the leaves, forming
the stem; rachis pilose with spreading hahs; a:
No specimen seen. Description compiled from

description suggests a close relationship with Justicia
comata.
Rhytiglossa oblonga Nees
Orthotadus oblongus Nees in Benth. Voy. Sulphur 147. 1844. Type collected in
Colombia by Sinclair,
Rhytiglossa oblonga Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 343. 1847.
the lower nodes, hoary

Herb; stems geniculate and rooting at
lower 7 to 8 inches long and 2
towards tip; leaf blades oblong, the
and inches wide, all
inches wide, the upper 4 to 5 inches long 1.5
^
acute at base, glabrous, thin,

gradually narrowed to a blunt tip,
spikes in the axils of the upper leaves and shorter than the
flaccid;
acuminate, cihate, veiny; corolla
blades; bracts rhombic-ovate,
one 3-lobed, the lobes oval,
2-lipped, the upper lip bifid, the lower
obtuse, puberulous.
specimens compiled from
37. PELECOSTEMON Leonard, gen. nov.
Sufl'rutcx, caulibus
subquadrangularibus; laminae foliorum ali-
quanto magnae, apice acuminatae, basi cuncatae, integrac, cj^stoliihis
parvis sod conspicuis; paniciilae torminales, angustac, pubcrulae,
pilis acutis et pilis
glandulosis iiitermixtis; bractoae parvae, subulatae;
calycis segmenta 4, linearia; corolla hypocrateriformis, labiis
duobus,
labio supciiore apicc rotimdato, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis
ro-
tundis; stamina 2, lobo uno antberarum normali. lobo altnrn in
^ma parvum, bilobatum
ovarium glabrum
stems subquadrangul acuminate,
small
forming a narrow terminal
mmu iT
1 mixture of dandular and
small
corolla 2-Iipped, tbe upper rounded at tbe tip, the lower lip 3-lobcd;
lip
stamens 2, tlio anthers each with one fertile cell, the other reduced to
terminating
mmu
Pelecostemon differs from Justicia in its peculiar anthers. Tbe
name, ot Greek origni and derived from
resemblance
certain type of ancient battle-ax.
1. Pelecostemon trianae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 241

Suffrutex, caulibus glabris vel in nodis parce pilosis; lamina fohorum
oblongo-obovata, breviter acuminata, basi angnstata, in pctiolum
docurrens, aliqnanto firina, Integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra,
nitida, costa et venis latcralibus ct venulis crasse reticulatis
subtus
mniusvc
m termnialem formantcs, pcdunculis subquadrangularibus,
sum
losis intcrmixtis,rhachibus aliquanto dense pubcrulis, pilis glandulosis
et eglandulosis intermixtis; bractcae glabrae vel basi
pubcrulae,
ciliatae; calycis segmenta linearia, ciliata, intus hirsuta,
pihs sub-
mix tis
stamina inclusa f ?) ; ovarium
brum.
SulTrutcscent; stems subquadraugular, glabrous or sparingly pilose;
leaf blades oblong-obovate, up to 24 cm. long and G.5
cm. wide,'
short-acuminate, narrowed at base and dccurrent on the petiole, i
moaeratelv lU'm
the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) prominent beneath, less so
above, the cystoliths rather loosely scattered but prominent under a
—
1 T-
LEONARD— THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, HI 649
lens, averaging 0.11 mm. borne in loose spikes

in length; flowers
M n
up to about 9 cm. long, these several, erect, forming a loose panicle

about 16 cm. long, the peduncle 4 cm, long, subquadrangular, glabrous,
nitid or the upper portion minutely and sparingly puberulous with
glandular and eglandular hairs up to 0.64 mm. long, the lowermost
internodes of the panicle 3 cm. long, the others successively shorter
toward the tip of the inflorescence, the pubescence that of the peduncle
Figure 24L Pelecostemon irianae Leonard {Triana, VUlavicencio) : a^ Inflorescence; b^ node

showing leaf; c, portion of the under surface of a leaf blade enlarged to show cystoliths;
d, node of inflorescence; ^f, calyx;/, portion of calyx segment (inner surface) enlarged to
show pubescence; gy same (outer surface); A, portion of rachis enlarged to show pubes-
cence; i, anther* {a, b. Half natural size; c, 9 times natural size; d, twice natural size;
tfj 3 times natural size; /-A, about 10 times natural size; i, 7 times natural size.)
388179—57- 22
but somewhat denser; lowermost pair of bracts subulate, 7 mm. long,

0.75 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, carinate,
glabrous or bearing a few small hairs near the tip; bracts subtending
the flowers subulate, 4 to 5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide at base,
glabrous or puberulous near the base like the rachis, ciliate with rigid
ascending hairs about 0.8 mm. long; bractlets similar to the bracts
but smaller, 3 mm. long and 0.5 mm, wide at base; calyx 11 to 12 mm.
long, the segments 4, linear, 0.75 mm. wide, ciliate, the inner surface
hirtellous with ascending or subapprcssed hairs up to 0.13 mm. long,
the outer surface puberulent witli more or less spreading glandular
and eglandular hairs mostly less than 0,5 mm. long; corolla (im-
matm'c) 4 mm. long, sparingly hirsute, the upper lip 1.5 mm. long,
0.75 mm. wide, rounded at tip, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes L5 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide, rounded; stamens 3 mm. long, the fertile cell
2.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, blunt at base, the sterile cell repre-
sented by a membranous wing incurved at base, the
triangular
filaments glabrous; style glabrous toward tip, hirtellous toward base;
stigma bilobed, minute; capsules not seen.
Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected at Villa vicencio, Intendencia
of Meta, Colombia, December 1855, by J. Triana.
38. JACOBINIA Nees ex Moric,
Jacohinia Noes ex Moric. PI, Nouv. Am, 15G, PL OS, 1846, Origin of name
unknown. Type species Jacohinia lepida Nees ex Moric, Type locality;
Brazil,
Cyrfanthera Nees in Mart. FL Bras. 9: 99. 1847, Derivation: KvprSsj curved,
and avdr}p6sj anther. The first of the species described, and the one illus-
trated, C. magnifica Nees, may be the lectotype.
Sericographis Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 107. 1847. Derivation: S7?pift:6s, silken,
and probably in allusion to the conspicuous cystoliths. The
ypa(f>hj style,
first of the 12 species described, and the one illustrated, S. rigida Nees, may
be the lectotype.
Herbs or sbrubs; leaf blades usually oblong or ovate, entire, petioled;

flowers sessile or short-pcdiccllatc in tlie axils of bracts, solitary,
cymose, spicate or paniculate; calyx 5-parted, the segments usually
narrow; corolla usually red or jêllow, the tube usually elongate,
straight or curved, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip narrow, erect,
entire or shallowly 2-lobed, the lower Hp 3-lobed; stamens 2, the anther
cells more or less unequal, muticous, the connective narrow, ovules
2 in eacli cell-
About 120 authentic species have been described, all from tropical
America.
KEY TO THE SPECIES

Bracts large and conspicuous, orbicular or oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm. long.
Flowers borne in a dense terniinal tliyrse up to 8 cm. broad; corollas lilac, red
or pink 1- J* carnea
Flowers borne in terminal or axillary spikes up to 3 cm. broad; corollas pale

yellow 2. /. axiologa
Bracts small and inconspicuous, spathulate, or triangular, up to 5 mm, long.

Calyx segments up to IC mm. long; flowers yellow 3. /, aijiphibola
Calyx segments up to 3 mm, long; flowers red or orange, the spicate branches
up to 7 cm. long.
Flowers borne in cymose panicles 4. /. spicigera
Flowers borne in axillary spikes up to 7 cm. long 5. /. tinctoria
I, Jacobinia carnea (Lindl.) Nicholson

Jtisticia carnea LindL Edward's Bot. Reg. 17: pi 1397, 1831, Type a cul-
in
tivated plant, originally introduced from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Cyrtanthera magnifica, Nees in Mart, FL Bras. 9: 100. 1847. Type locality:
Brazil.
Jacobinia carnea Nicholson, Illustr. Diet. Gard. 2: 206. 1885,
Jacobinia magnifica Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfara, IV. 3b: 351. 1895.
Based on Cyrtanthera magnifica Nees.
Herbs or suffrutescent plants up to 2 meters likh; stems subquad-
mmu
cm
cm. wide, acuminate
base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, undulate or
entire, both surfaces sparingly and inconspicuously hirtellous or
puberulous, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, subappressed, the venation
rather prominent, the cystoliths obscure to conspicuous; petioles up
to 5 cm. lono:. Duberulous: thyrsi sessile or subscssile, solitary, terminal,
cm,and 8 cm
lone:
lowermost thyrsulas subtended often by small leaf blades, the upper
thyrsulas by elliptic bracts 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide (these reduced
in size towards tip of thyrse), obtuse or rounded, moderately firm,
glabrous or sparingly hhtellous, sparingly ciliate, the hairs up to 0,8
mm. long; bracts subtending the flowers oblong, 2 cm. long, 1.5 cm.
wide, rounded at tip, glabrous and ciliate; bractlets lanceolate, 15
mm. lono^. 1,5 mm
mm
long, the segments lanceolate, 10 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, acute,
subhyaline, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous and ciliate near tip, the
costa and lateral nerves dehcate; corolla lilac, red or pink, sparingly
glandular-puberulous (the hairs spreading, up to 0.2 mm. long), up to
6.5 cm. loner, 4 mm. broad at base, abruptly narrowed to 2.5 mm. at 4
mm, above base, thence eraduallv expanded to 5 mm
mm
mm
3-lobed, cuneate, 8 mm- wide at base of lob

mm. lone: and 2 mm, wide, rounded; stamens
mm
long and 1.25 mm.
broad, the filaments flattened, 0.75 mm. wide;
pistil slightly longer than the stamens, the stigma bilobed, minute
and rounded; capsules not seen.
Vernacular names: ''Tango rojizo" and "Isopo rojizo" {D\iq_ue
1570A).
The specimens U. S. National Herbarium are from Brazil,
in the
Argentina, Colombia and Ecuador. Cultivated plants of this species
are often found in parks and gardens,
Cauca: La Hermita on the road to Puracd, vicinity of Popaydn, 1,7G0 to 1,820

meters altitude, July 17, 1948, Garcia- Barriga & Hawkes 12685 (US).
El Valle: Cultivated in Cali, 1,000 meters, Duquc 1570A (FS).
2. Jacobinia axiologa Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 242
Sufi'rutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, deorsum glabris, sursum
bifariam pilosis, pilis patulis, brunneis, septatis; lamina foliorum
ovato-lanceolata vel oblongo-elliptica, gracihter acuminata, basi
acuta vel obtusa vel rotundata vel subcordata, aliquanto firma, integra
vel levitcr crenata, glabra, vel juvcntute pilos^paucos^fercns, subtus
aliquanto dense hirsuta, pilis patentibus vel ascendentibus, pilis
praecipue m
costa et^vonis^latcralibus^^prominentibus positis, cysto-
lithis minutis, saepe punctiformibus; petioli crassi, brunneo-pilosi,
pihs septatis; spicae terminales et aliquando latcralcs solitariae, vel
2 vel 3, pcdunculis et rhachibus hirtellis; bracteae infimae foliosae;
bracteae florcs subtendcntes orbicularcs apice abrupte acuminatae,
apice ipso gracili, basi ungulatae, ungula gracili, supra glabrae, subtus
puberulae, pilis glandulosis et pilis paucis longioribus cglandulosis
intermixtis, marginibus ciliatis; bractcolae lanceolatac, subhyalinae,
glabrae vel apice piles rigidos ferentes; calycls scgmenta 4, anguste
triangularia, acuminata, glabra vel apice pilos paucos rigidos ferentes,
basi ciliolata; corolla flava, apice hirtella, pilis patulis, deorsum glabra,
tubo subcylindrico, labiis aequalibus, labio supcriore oblongo, apice
2-lobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis, labio inferiore patulo, 3-lobato,
lobis anguste ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, antlieris
angustis, lobis parellelis, basi obtusis; capsulae clavatae, plauae,
glabrae; retinacula recta vel levitor curvata, acuta; scmina suborbic-
ularia, plana, pallida, levitcr rugosa, papillosa.
Suffrutescent plants up to 2 meters high; stems quadrangular,
glabrous or the upper portions bifariously pilose with spreading
hairs, sometimes densely so, the hairs 1.5 mm, long, brown, septate;
leaf blades ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, up to 32 cm. long
and 11 cm. wide, acuminate, often slenderlv so. CTaduallv narrowed
—
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA. }

Ill 653
from about the middle to an acute, obtuse or often a narrow rounded

or subcordate base, moderately firm, entire or shallowly crenate, the
upper surface glabrous or bearing on the younger leaves a few scattered
^ ascending hairs 0.75 mm. long, the lower surface rather densely
Figure 242. Jacobinia axiologa Leonard (Haught 1986): a, Basal portion of leaf blade;
b, tip of leaf blade; c, portion of spike (middle); d, basal node of inflorescence; e, one of
the hairs from basal node;/, bract; g, pubescence of lower surface of bract; /;, one of a
pair of bractlets; i, a calyx segment; ;, tip of corolla; k, anther, (a-d, Half natural
siz3; e, 14 times natural size;/, twice natural size; g, 41 times natural size; h, i, 3 times
natural si7.e;/, 3 times natural size; k^ 8 times natural size.)
hirsute, the hairs spreading or ascending, up to 1.5 mm. long, densest

on the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs), the venation prominent
beneath, less so above, the cystoliths minute, many of them puncti-
form; petioles rather stout, up to 7 cm, long and 3 mm, in diameter,
brown-pilose, often densely so, the hairs spreading, up to 1.5 mm. long,
septate; flowers borne in terminal and sometimes axillary spikes,
these solitary, paired or in threes and up to 20 cm. long and 3 cm.
broad, the peduncles (up to 3 cm. long) and rhachis hirtellous; bracts
subtending the spikes and lowermost flowers lanceolate, leaflike,
up to 3 cm. long and 1 cm. wîdc; typical bracts subtending the flowers
orbicular, 1.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, abruptly and slenderly acuminate,
the slender tip about 3 mm, long, abruptly narrowed at middle to a
slender claw, the upper surface glabrous, the lower puberulous with
minute erect papular hairs and a few longer curved eglandular ones
intermixed, the margins ciliate with spreading hairs up to 1 mm,
L
long; bractlets lanceolate, 3.25 mm, long, 1 mm. wide near base,
slenderly acuminate, subhyaline, glabrous or bearing a few curved
stiff hairs about 0,18 mm. long, sparingly ciliolate; calyx 4-parted,
5 mm. long, deeply segmented, the segments narrowly triangular,

about 0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed from base to a slender
tip, thin, glabrous except at tip, here bearing a few stiff curved
ascending hairs about CIS mm. long, sparingly ciliolate toward base;
corolla pale yellow, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, sparingly hirtellous at tip,
otherwise glabrous, the tube about 2 mm. broad at base, slightly
constricted above base, the mouth 4.5 mm. broad, the lips subequal,
7 mm. long, the upper lip subcrect, oblong, about 3 mm. wide at base,
gradually narrowed to 1 mm. near tip, 2-lobed, the lobes about 0.5
mm. long and broad, rounded, the lower lip somewhat spreading,
34obed, narrowly ovate, about 5 mm. long, rounded at tip; stamens
reaching within about 2 mm. of the tip of the upper lip and Ijîng in it,
glabrous, the anthers 2.5 mm. long, the lobes narrow and parallel
and rounded at base, the connective very narrow; pistil about as
long as the stamens, sparingly hirtellous; capsules 13 to 15 mm. long,
5 wide and 2.5 mm. thick, 4-seeded, glabrous, the solid stipitate
mm.
portion about 6 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; retinacula straight or
slightly curved, about 2.5 mm. long, acute; seed suborbicular, 5 mm.
long and 4 mm. broad, 0.75 mm. thick, whitish, faintly wrinkled,
papillose.
Type
the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1742247, collected
in
about 20 km. south of El Centro, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja,
Magdalcna Valley, between the Rios Sogamoso and Carare, Depart-
ment of Santander, Colombia, 100 meters altitude, September 29,
1936, by Oscar Ilaught (No. 1980).
Also of this species are Haught's No. 1672, collected at Camp
Carare IV in the vicinity of Puerto Berrio, between the Rio Carare
and Rio Magdalena, Department of Santander, 100 to 700 meters
altitude, April 25, 1935 (US), and Hodge's No, 0511, collected in rain
LEONARD —THE ACANTIIACEAE OF COLOMBIA, IH 655
forest along the Rio Carare, Department of Santander, 300 to 400

meters altitude, September 28, 1945 (GH, Med).
Jacobinia axiologa apparently has no close relative in Colombia.
It is readily recognizable by its peculiar orbicular apiculate clawed
bracts. Hodge states that the flowers of his No. 6511 were creamy
white. The specific epithet is from the Greek dôXoyos, meaning
remarkable or worthy of mention.
3. Jacobinia amphibola Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 243
Suffrutex, lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovata, brevitcr acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi acuta,
obtusa vel rotundata, aliquanto firma, undulata vel levitor serrata,
supra glabra vel subglabra, subtus puberula, costa et venis lateralibus
prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; petioK aliquanto graciles,
glabri vel parce puberuli; paniculae terminalcs, glabrae, ramis sub-
quadrangularibus; bracteae ramos ultimos panicularum subtendentes
lineares, parvae, glabrae, apice obtusae vel rotundatac; bracteae
flores subtendentes spathulatae, obtusae, glabrae; bracteolae nullae;
calycis segmenta 5, lanceolata, acuta, gracilitcr nervata; corolla flava,
glabra, tubo subcylindrico, labio supcriore erecto, oblongo, apice
bilobato, lobis trianguli-ovatis, obtusis, incurvatis, labio infcriore
patulo, cuneato, 3-lobato, lobis trianguli-ovatis, apice rotundatis,

erosis,lobo medio plus minusve emarginato; stamina exserta, glabra,
lobis antherarum parallelis, basi subapiculatis, connectivo angusto;
ovarium glabrum;.
Suffruticose plants up meter high; stems subquadrangular,
to 1
glabrous, the internodes up to 12 cm. long or more; leaf blades ob-

lnnp--ov«tp. iin to 1 om. lonff and 6 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the
T^
firm
mm
upper surface glabrous or nearly so, the lower surface puberulous, the
mm. long) conrmed more
costa and lateral veins (about 6 pairs) prominent beneath, less so
above, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, cystoUths not apparent;
petioles rather slender, up to 3 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly puberu-
lous; flowers borne in terminal panicles about 10 cm. long and 6 cm.
broad, the lowermost internodes of the panicle about 2 cm. long, the
others successively shorter toward the tip of the inflorescence, all
glabrous and subquadrangular; bracts subtending the ultimate
branches of the inflorescence linear, about 3 mm. long and 0.75 mm.
wide, obtuse or rounded, glabrous, those subtending the flowers spath-
ulate, 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide near tip, narrowed to 1 mm. at 1.5
mm. below tip, obtuse, glabrous; bractlets lacking; calyx 2 cm. long,
glabrous, the segments 5, lanceolate, up to 16 mm. long and 3.5 mm.
wide, acute, the costa and 2 pairs of lateral nerves slender but rather
prominent; corolla yellow, glabrous, up to 4.8 cm. long, the tube
subcyhndric, 7 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 3 mm. at 5 mm.
above base, 6 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip subcrect, oblong,
L8 cm. long, 5.5 mm, wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes triangular-ovate,
FiGVKE 2i3, —Jacobtnia ampkibola Leonard {Cuatrecasas IHGJ): a. Leaf; h, branch of

panicle; f, bract; d, tip of corolla to show lips, stamens and style; ^, anther;/, ovary.
a, b, Natural size; c, 5 times natural size; d, 1}^ times natural size; e, 4 times natural
sizc;/j 6 times natural size.)
mm, IoD£r. 1-5 mm

mm. lonrr, 11 mm
mm. lonn;, the middle lobe 4.5 mm
mm
more or less emar^rinate; stamens
mm
mm.
broad
style about as long as the stamens, glabrous; ovary glabrous, 4-
ovuled; capsules not seen.
^ Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950034, collected at
Aguabonita, valley of the Rio San Jose, in the vicinity of Moscopdn,
Department of Cauca, Colombia, 2,280 meters altitude, January 30,
ridge
Quebrada la Candela, Rio Naranjo, 20 km
of San Agustin, Department of Huila, Colombia, 2,100 to 2,300 meters
altitude, February 13, 1943, is also of this species.
Cuatrecasas gives on his label the following notes: "Suffrutex 1
met. Hoja verde brillante, haz verde grisaceo enves, peciolo y
nervios violaceos. Caliz amarillo con margenes verdosos. Coiola
amarilla. Anteras viol etas."
from an herb less than a meter
green
doubtfully placed in the family Acanthaceae. Should
s is
it belong in the genus Jacobinia, the shallowly toothed leaves and the
lack of cystoliths and bractlets would be unique. The specific name

is from the Greek ajuîjSoXos, meaning ambiguous or doubtful.
4. Jacobinia spicigera (Schlecht.) L. H. Bailey
JusHcia spicigera Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 395. 1832. Type locality: Jalapa,
Mexico. Collected by G. Scliiede in 1829.
Jacobinia spicigera L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1715. 1915. Based on
Justicia spicigera Schlecht.
Shrub up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, bifariously

pubescent (the hairs curved) or glabratc; leaf blades lance-oblong to
ovate, up to 17 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, acute to acuminate (the tip
itself blunt), narrowed or rounded at the base and decurrcnt on the
petiole, glabrous or sparingly hirtollous, the hairs curved, up to 0.5
mm. long; petioles up to 2 cm. long, glabrous or the channels hirtol-
lous; flowers secund on the branches of axillary or terminal cymose
panicles usually up to 7 cm. long, the branches of the inflorescence
glabrous or bifariously hirtellous, the peduncles usually up to 2 cm.
long; bracts and bractlets triangular, about 1.5 mm. long, acute;
calyx segments lanceolate, up to 3 mm. long, acute, glabrous; corollas
glabrous, red or orange, 3 to 4.5 cm. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at
base, slightly narrowed above base, thence gradually enlarged to 5
mm. at mouth, the about
lips 1.5 mm. long, the upper lip narrowly
ovate, erect, acute, the lower lip erect or somewhat spreading, 3-
lobed, the lobes 2 to 3 mm. long, rounded; stamens barely reaching

the tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the lobes slightly superposed,
nearly parallel, about 2 mm. long; mature capsules not seen.
The Lehmann notes relating to the cited specimens arc as follows:

"Up to 2 m. high, soft-wooded shrub with squarrose irregular rami-
fication. Leaves yellow-green. Flowers scarlet. Grows in dense,
luxuriant forests around Dabeiba, western slopes of the West Andes
>
of Antioquia, 300-500 m."
The species is common in Mexico and Central America and has
been found in Trinidad, where it is probably only in cultivation.
Antioquia: Dabeiba, Lehmann 4740 (K).
5. Jacobinia tinctoria (Oerst.) Hemsl.
Sericographis tinctoria Ocrst. Nat. For. Kjobenhavn. Vid. Mcdd. 1854: 150.
1854. Type locality: Woods in the vicinity of Cartago, Costa Rica.
Jacobinia tinctoria Hemsl. Biol. Contr. Amer. Bot. 2: 522. 1882. Based on
Sericographis tinctoria Oerst.
meters hiirh: stems

sub quadrangular, the angles rounded; leaf blades lanceolate to oblong-
cm. long and 3 cm. wide, short-acuminate
tip itself blunt), narrowed at base, firm, f
minute and obscure; petioles up to 1 cm
secund, born in lax axillary spikes up to 7 cm. long, the peduncles
up to 2 cm. long, glabrous; tlie rachis quadrangular, glabrous, its
internodes for the most part about 5 mm. long; bracts and bractlets
triangular-subulate, up to 2 mm. long, and 0.75 mm. wide near base,
glabrous; calyx segments triangular-subulate, 1.5 to 2.5 mm, long
mm wide near base, ciliate, the hairs spreading, up to
mm
mm
mm
ubequal, the posterior lip ovate, 12 mm. loner, 5 to 6 mm
at base, subobtuse at tip, the lower lip oblong, erect or somewhat
spreading, 5 mm. wide near tip, 3-lobed, the lobes about 1 mm. long
and 1.25 mm. wide, rounded; stamens barely reaching the tip of the
lips, the anther lobes slightly superposed and obliquely attached to
the connective, 2.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad, the filaments
flattened, glabrous; capsules not seen.
Vernacular names: Azul {Idrobo cfc Ferndndez 243; Lehmann B. T.
428, B. T. 438, 7851) and panciga {Duque 1701)
Jacobinia tinctoria is a cultivated plant in Colombia often planted
in parks, gardens, or patios. The
and young branches
leaves
macerated in water yield a deep blue dye which in a diluted solution
can be used as a substitute for indigo for washing white clothes.
Amer
have originated.
Lehmann
bushy and erect shrubs 2 m. in height.
jîj.u. Leaves sca^'oen.
ijv^ti; r iô
Oi^ctg Flowers
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBUj III 659
dark vermilion yellow at base." The plants from which his No.
iken were propagating by slender underground rooting
branches.
Cauca: El Tambo, Corregimiento de L6pez, 1,750 meters altitude, August 23,
1949, Idroho& Fernandez 243 (US).
El Valle: Call, 1,000 meters altitude, June 15, 1938, Duque 1701 (US).
Popaydn (cultivated), Lehmann B. T. 428 (K, NY), B. T. 438 (K, NY), 7851
(K). Toro, 970 meters altitude, October 7, 1943, Cuatrecasas 15275 (GH, US).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES
Jacobinia lindaviana Rusby
Jacobinia lindaviana Rusby, Descr. So. Am. PL 128. 1920.
The type has not been available for study. Following is the orig-
inal description:
"A glabrous shrub, the branchlets short, stout and Petioles

leafy. 3 mm.
long, slender; blades 15-30 mm. long, 10-20 mm. wide, ovate, rounded at the
base, obtuse at summit, dark-green, thickish, the veins dark, strongly ascending.
2-bracteolate at the base of the calyx,
Flo\vers few, in the upper axils, subsessile,
the bracts minute, subulate. Calyx 10 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate,
acutish. Corolla-tube 15 mm. long, nearly straight, dilating very near the
summit, the lobes partially destroyed by insects in my specimen. The short
stamens equalling the corolla tube, the longer ones exscrted, the lower anther
cell with about two-thirds of its length below the base of the upper, which is
short mucronate. Style not equalling the longer stamens, stout, sharply declined,
above.
"Species dedicated to Dr. Lindau who has kindly confirmed my determination.
"Collected at Playa Brava on the northern coast of Colombia, on a dry, rocky
hillside on June 6, 1899, by Herbert H. Smith, who reports it as a foot high, and
}>
having crimson Flowers. (No. 2821).
39. CHAETOCHLAMYS Lindau
Chaetochlamys Lindau in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 490. 1895. From the Greek
xairr}, hair, and x>ân{>s, bract. The name was probably suggested by the
rather conspicuous filiform bracts and bractlets. The genus is based on

3 species, C. macrosiphon {Kuntze s. n., Bolivia), C. marginata {Kunize s. n.,
Paraguay), and C. rushyi {Kuntze s. n., Bolivia). The first of these can be
considered as the type species.
Herbs or suffrutescent plants; leaf blades ovate to lanceolate;

terminal
segments
limb
stamens 2. exserted, the anther lobes afRxed
ma
4-seeded.
Some 14 species have been described in this genus, all from
America.
1. Chaetochlaiuys columbiensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 244

SufTrutcx, caulibus subterctibus, siirsum bifariam retrorse pubenzlis,
pilis ciirvatis, deorsiim lignosis, glabris, cortice einereo lamina foliorum
;
%
ovata, apice obtusa vel siibacuta, basi acuta vel obtusa, aliquanto
firmaj Integra vel imdnlata, supra glabra vel in costa strigosa vel
hirsuta, pills appressis vel curvatis et asccndentibus, cystolithis
pluribus ct conspicuis, subtus glabra vel in costa ct venis parcc hirtella,
cystolitliis pluribus densis ct conspicuis; petioli breves, glabri vel in
canale parcc puberuli; capitula terminalia, foliis ovatis suffulta;
bracteae lanccolatae, virides ct foliaceae, acutac, venosac, glabrae vel
intus basi pubcrulae, marginibus ciliatis, pilis ascendentibus;
bractcolao anguste lanccolatae, apicc graciles (apicc ipso obtuse),
glabrae vel intus basi puberulae, marginibus ciliatus; calycis segmcnta
m
ciliatis, pilis conspicuis, albis, patulis vel ascendentibus; corollae pur-
purea, birtella vel basi extus glabra, pilis patulis, tubo subcylindrico,
labio supcriore crecto, anguste ovato, apice bilobato, lobis oblongis,
mmusve
tamina
lobo inferiore calcarato; capsulao ovoideac, abrupte acutac, glabrae;
retinacula fere recta, apicc tenuia, erosa; semina subsphaerica, sub-
brunnea, slabra.
stems
branched, subterete, bifariously puberulous, the hairs retrorsely
curved, up to about 0.16 mm. long, the intcrnodes 2 to 5 cm. long,
the lower woody portions of the stems glabrous, the bark gray; leaf
cm
firm
upper surface glabrous or the costa strigoso or hirsute, the hairs about
mm appressed or curved and ascending, the cystoliths
numerous and conspicuous, up to 0.1 cm. long, the lower surface
glabrous or the costa bearing a few scattered hairs, the cystoliths
conspicuous, crowded and numerous; petioles up to 4 mm. long,
glabrous or the channels sparingly puberulous; flowers borne in green
terminal sessile heads about 2 cm. long and 2 to 3 cm. broad, these
subtended by a pair of ovate leaves up to 5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide;
bracts lanceolate, green and leaflike, up to 1.8 cm. long and 3.5 mm.
wide, acute, veiny, the surfaces glabrous except the puberulous lower
mm
mm
wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip (the tip itself
blunt), glabrous except a small puberulous area at base of inner
surface and the ciliate margins; calyx segments lanceolate, up to
mm
prominent, bearing dorsally a few ascending hairs up to 1 mm

mar
to 1.5 mm
mm
mm. broad at base, enlarft-ed to 4 mm. immediat
above base, thence gradually narrowed to 3 mm. at mou
1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide at base, narrow
),
\e lobes oblong, 2 mm. long, 0.75 mm.

more or less spreading, about 10 mm
about 7 mm. Ions: and 6.5 mm. wide, roi;
stamens exscrted about 4 mm. beyond the mouth
columhiensis Leonard {Haught 2414): a, Tip of plant to show

Figure lii.—CIiMlochlamys
portion of leaf blade (medial area and lower surface) to show
inflorescence and leaves h, j
a calyx segment; /, corolla; anther; h, a capsule

cystoliths; c, bract; d, bractlet; e, g,
retinaculum, {a. Natural size; h-e, twice natural size;/, V/i

valve (dorsal surface); i,
natural size; g, 7 times natural size; h, 1^ times natural size; i, 4 times natural size.)
anther lobes superposed and obliquely attached to the connective,
mm. lone; and 0.5 mm

mm
glabrous, 4-seeded;
mm. wide, 3 to 4 mm. thick, abruptly acute,
retinacula nearly straight, 2.25 mm. long, the tip 1 m.m. wide, thin,
erose; seeds subspherical, light brown, glabrous.

armm
Guataquicito, Department Tolima, Colombia, 500
of meters altitude,
November 3, 1938, by Oscar Haught (No. 2414).

Perez Arbelaez's No. 3105 (US), collected at Purificaci6n, Depart-
ment of Tolima, July 3, 1934, and Killip, Dugand and Jaramillo's
No. 38289 (US), collected at the Hacienda El Cucharo between

Tocaima and Piibcnza, Department of Cundinamarca, 350 meters
altitude, May 7, 1944, are also of this species.
Cliaetochlamys columbiensis has the general appearance of C. cUmfu
Lindau from the State but that species has larger
of Para, Brazil^
flowers (the tube 25 mm. long instead of 18 to 20 mm. and its upper
lip entire instead of bilobed) and larger leaf blades (10 to 12 cm. long
and 4 cm, wide).
40. CHAETOTHYLAX Nees

ChaetothyJax Ncos in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 153, pi 26. 1847. Typo species C,
iocantinus Nces. Type collected on the Rio Tocantins, Province of Goyaz,
Brazil, by PohL Derivation of epithet: xatrT/, hair, and Ov\a^, sack, in
allusion to the vestigial lower anther lobe. In plate 26 this is pictured as a
short hair, although in most species the lower lobe is shaped much like the
upper but much smaller and evidently sterile.
Herbs; leaf blades ovate to oblong; flowers more or less secund,

borne in short dense terminal and axillary spikes, these often forming
panicles; bracts narrow, ending in filiform tips, hirtellous and ciliate;
calyx segments 4, resembling the bracts; corollas white or some shade
of purple, finely pubescent, the tube narrow, the lips subequal, the
upper lip narrowlj^ ovate, the lower deeply 3-lobed, the lobes rounded;
stamens, slightly exserted but not exceeding the corolla lips, the
upper anther lobe oblong, 1-celled, the lower lobe reduced or vestigial,
or, as in the type species, hairlike, the lobes separated by a slender
filiform connective; capsule clavate, 4-seeded; seed papillose or
otherwise roughened.
About a dozen species are now recognized, these all confined to
tropical America.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
Spikes relatively narrow, up to 5 mm. broad 1. C. umhrosus
Spikes 8 mm. or more broad.
Corollas white 2. C, leucanthus
Corollas violet or magenta.
Leaf blades up to 12 cm, long; corollas magenta, up to 2.8 cm.
long 3. C. haughtii
Leaf blades up to 6 em. long; corollas violet^ up to 1.4 cm. long.
4. C. huilensis
1. Chaetothylax umbrosus Nees

Chaelothylax umhrosus Nees in DC. Prodr. H: 313. 1847. Two syntypes are
cited: Nova Granada [Colombia], Goudotj and St. Xaver [Argentina],
Tweedie 12C2.
Herbs up to 80 cm. high; stems branched, subquadrangular,

bifarioasly pilose, the hairs variously curved, ca. 0.5 mm. long, the
cystoliths numerous, conspicuous, parallel, in some plants arranged
in striae; leaf blades ovate to oblong, up to 9 cm. long and 3.5 cm.
wide, subacute and aristate at tip, the seta about 1 mm. long, narrowed
and deeurrent on the petiole, moderately firm
surface
curved.
spreading or ascending, up to 1 mm. long, the cystoliths numerous
and prominent; flowers borne in numerous terminal and axillary
spikes, these frequently forming large panicles, the spikes oblong,
usually up to 1.5 cm. long, although at times as much as 3 cm. long,
mostly 3 to 5 mm. broad (the flowers secund), sessile or short-pedun-
culate (1 mm.), the rachis puberulous; bracts lanceolate, 3.5 mm.
long, 0.75 mm. wide, the hairs ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long,
ciliate,
the flat surfaces glabrous, the costa promment; calyx segments linear,
7 mm. lone. 0.75 mm wide, narrowed to a slender tip, ciliate, the haks
mm
mm. Ions: corollas violet to white, about 1.5 cm
mm. long
mostly retrorsely curved, the tube 1.25 mm. broad at base, narrowed
just above ovary to 1 mm., the throat 1.5 mm. broad, the upper lip
erect, narrowly ovate, 4.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base, obtuse or
rounded at lip, the lower hp 4 mm. long, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes
obovate, 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted 2 mm. beyond
the mouth of the coroUa tube, the upper lobe 0.75 mm. long and 0.25
mm. thick, the lower lobe affixed about 0.5 mm. below the upper,
vestigial; capsule clavate, 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad and thick,
minutely and rather sparingly puberulous; retmacula truncate or
irregular at tip; mature seed not seen.
No Colombian specimens examined. The description is based on
material from Argentina.
2. Chaetothylax leucanthus Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 245
Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendcntibus, plus minusve ramosis,

hirteUis, pilis albidis, plus minusve retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum
oblonga vel elliptica, apice acuta et cuspidata, basi cuneata et in
petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, Integra, hirtella, cystolithis

termm
com
apice aristatae, ciliatae et aliquanto hirtellae, pilis leviter curvatis,
ascendentibus; calycis segmenta lineari-subulata, ciliata et parce

hirtella; coroUa alba, tenuiter pubesccns, basi glabra excepta, pilis
retrorse curvatis, tubo anguste cylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio
superiore anguste ovato, apice emarginato, labio inferiore trilobato,
Inhis obnvfltis. obtusis: stamina vix exserta, glabra, lobis antherarum

m
clavatae, minute pub pilis retrorsc ascend semma

(immatura) papillosa.
Herbs up to 80 cm. high, erect or ascending; stems more
branched^ d up to 1,75 mm. thick, liirtellous. the
hairs tme, more or less retrorsely curved, whitish, up to 0.38 mm.
long; leaf blades ovate, oblong or eUiptic, up to 5 cm, long and 2 cm.
mm
mod
d
mm
curved
Figure 2iS~Ckaetothylax leucanthus Leonard {Pennell 3985): a. Tip of plant to

show
leaves and Infiorescence; h, bract; r, calyx; d, portion of calyx segment
from near tlie
middle enlarged to show pubescence; e, corolla;/, anther, {a, Natural size;
A, 4>^
limes natural sisce; c, 3 times natural size; d, 12 times natural size; e, 3 times natural
size;/, 13 times natural size.)
cm. long, hu'tellous, the hairs ca. 0,38 mm

cur
more or less l^sided spikes, these up to 2 cm, long and 8 mm. broad,
the lowermost intcrnodes about 1.5 mm. long, hirtellous, the
others
successively shorter toward tip of spike, the panicles subtended
by
mm, long, 0.4 mm
D 1 mm, lon^. cilia
rather sparingly hirtcllous ) mm
cm
similar to the bracts; corolla 13 mm. lon^,
^
base, the hairs retrorsely cm-ved, up to 0.28 mm
rowly cylindric, 0.75 mm. broad, the throat 1 mm. broad, the upper
lip narrowly ovate, 2.5 mm. long, 1 ram. wide at base, emarginate at
tip, the lower lip 3-parted nearly to base, the lobes obovate, about 3
mm. long, the middle lobe 2 mm, wide, the lateral lobes 1.5 mm* wide,
all obtuse; stamens glabrous, exserted 2.5 mm, beyond the mouth of
the corolla, the upper anther lobe 0.75 mm, long, 0.5 mm. broad, the
lower anther lobe affixed 0.5 mm. below the upper, sterile and reduced;
capsule clavate, 5 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad and 1 mm. thick,
r
minutely pubescent, the hairs up to 0.08 mm. long, retrorsely ascend-
ing; seed (immature) papillose.
at edge of thicket in Buenavista, east of Sinc6, Department of Bolivar,
Colombia, 100 to 200 meters altitude, January 24, 1918, by Francis W.
Pennell (No. 3985). Isotype in the Gray Herbarium.
PennelPs No. 4236 (NY), collected in a forest at Boca Verde, on
the Kio Sinii, Department of Bolivar, Colombia, 100 to 300 meters
altitude, February 13-14, 1918, is also of this species.
The specific epithet is from the Greek Xcy/cos, white, and apdos,
flower.
3- Chaetothylax haughtii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 246

Herba gracilis, caulibus bifariam pilosis, pilis patulis vel retrorse
curvatis; lamina foliorum oblonga, apice acuta vel subacuminata,
interdum curvata, basi cuneata petiolum decurrens, aliquanto
et in
firma, Integra, supra glabra vel subglabra, costa parce hirtella,
cystolithis pluribus, subtus aequaliter hirtella, pilis patulis vel as-
cendentibus, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus; petioli hirtelli;
spicae terminales et axillares, leviter curvatae, densae, floribua se-
cundis, pedunculis brevibus, hirteUis, pilis curvatis; bracteae linear!-
lanceolatae, hirtellae, costa prominente; calycis segmenta lanceolato-
subulata, aliquanto et parce hirteUa, costa prominente; corolla
purpureo-rubra, parce hirtella, tubo anguste cylindrico, labiis sub-
aequalibus, labio superiore suberecto, anguste ovato, apice minute
bilobato, labio inferiore patulo, trilobato, lobis obovatis, obtusis;
stamina vix exserta, lobis antberarum superpositis, lobo superiore
fertili, lobo inferiore sterili, parvo; ovarium glabrum.
Slender herbs up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular, pilose,

the hairs spreading or retrorsely curved, up to 0.68 mm. long, more
or less bifariously arranged; leaf blades oblong, up to 12 cm. long
and 3.5 cm. wide, acute or subacuminate and sometimes curved at tip,
cuneate at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather firm, entire,
the upper surface glabrous or nearly so, except the costa, this sparingly
hirtellous, the cystoliths numerous, the lower surface evenly hir-
tellous, the hairs straight or slightly curved, spreading or ascending,
up to 0.28 mm, long except those of the costa and lateral veins (6
388179—57 23
—
or 7 pairs), these up to 0^96 mm. long, the venation of the lower

surface prominent, that of the upper obscure, the margins ciliolate;
petioles (un winged portion) up to 2 cm. long, hirtellous; flowers
secund, borne m
dense slightly curved terminal and axillary spikes
up to 2 cm. long and about 8 mm. broad; peduncles up to 5 mm.
long, hirtellous with curved hairs, the lowermost pair of bracts
leaflike, oblong-lanceolate, up to 12 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, acute,
hirtellous, the succeeding bracts linear-lanceolate, up to 6 mmlong
Figure 246. Chaetotkylax haughiii Leonard {Haught 377S): a, Node showing leaf and
spike; b, bract; c, calyx; dj corolla; e, posterior lip of corolla;/, middle lobe and one
of the lateral lobes of the lower lip of the corolla; g, anther, (a, Natural size; b^ 4 tinncs
natural size; c, 3}i times natural size; d, l}i times natural size; e,fy 5 times natural size;
g, 12 times natural size,)
mm. wide, hirtellous, the costa prominent; calyx segments

lance-subulate, up to 1 cm. long and 0,75 mm. wide, mod-
o sparingly hii'tcUous, some of the hairs minute and gland-
he costa prominent, this and the basal portion and marginal
maerenta. 28 mm
sparingly hhtellous, glabrous at base, the hairs more or less spreading,
up to 0.18 mm the tube narrowly cylindric, 1 mm
and mouth to 1.5 mm., the lins about 4 mm
the upper one suberect, narrowly ovate, minutely bilobed at tip,

the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed nearly to base, the lobes obovate, 3.5
mm. long, the middle one 3 mm. wdde above middle, the lateral ones
2 mm. wide, all obtuse; stamens barely exscrted, glabrous, the anthers
2-lobed, the lobes 1-celled, superposed, the upper lobe fertile, 0.75 mm.
long and 0.25 mm, broad, the lower lobe affixed about 0.25 mm. below
the upper, vestigal and sterile, about 0.25 mm. long; style about as long
as the stamens; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Type U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1709430, collected on
in the
trail from Codazzi to Sierra, Department of Magdalena, Colombia,
500 meters altitude, October 23, 1943, by Oscar Haught (No. 3775).
4. Chaetothylax huilensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 247
Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus, plus minusve ramosis, erectis
vcl ascendentibus, bifariam hirsutis, pilis rectis et patulis vel retrorse

curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata, apice obtusa vel acuta et aristata,
basi cuneata, aliquanto firma, Integra, supra parce hirtella, pilis
ascendentibus, subtus aequaliter hirtella, pilis rectis et patulis vel

curvatis et ascendentibus, cystolithis pluribus sed obscuris; petioli
hirtelli;paniculae terminales et axillares, densae, foliatae, ex spicis
parvis densis formatae; bractcae lineares, ciliatae, hirsutae, pilis
albis, plus minusve patulis, costis promincntibus; calycis segmcnta
linearia, apice filiformia, conspicue ciliata et pilosa, pilis fere patulis
et rectis, costa obscura; corolla violacca, tubo subcylindrico, basi
glabro, sursum aliquanto dense hirtello, pilis rectis et patulis vel
retrorse curvato, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore anguste ovato,
apice minute bilobato, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, 3-lobato,
lobis obovatis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, lobis antherarum
superpositis, lobo superiore fertili, lobo inferiore sterih, parvo;
minute
scmma
Herbs UD to 30 cm. hisrh or more; stems more
subquadrangular, erect or ascending, hirsute, the hairs straight and
mm
cm
mm
firm
mm. loner, the lower surface more
mos
mm.
mm
numerous but obscure; petioles (unmngcd portion) up to l cm. long,
hirtellous; flowers borne in dense terminal and axillary subscssile
panicles up to 2.5 cm. long and broad, these composed of dense spikes
1.5 cm. lone and 8 to 10 mm. broad and intermixed with small leaves,
—
the lowermost internodes of the SDikes 1 mm

mm
and 0.5 mm, wide, cihate and hu'sute, the haks white, straight, m
spreading, up to 0,75 mm. long, the costa prominent; calyx segn
filiform
white, mostly straight and spreadmg, up to 1 cm. long
scure, apparent only toward base; corollas violet, 1,5 cm
tube subcylindric, 1 mm. broad at base, enlarired to 1.5 mm
mm mm
Figure 247. Chaeiothylax huilensis Leonard Galen Smith 1164; c-f. Rushy
{a, b, S, ^ Pennell
486): a^ Stem node and leaf; b^ tip of plant showing Inflorescence; Cy bract; dy calyx;
f, corolla;/, anther, {a, b, Natural size; c^ dy 3 times natural size; ^, twice natural size;
/, 8 times natural size.)
glabrous at base, otherwise rather densely hirtellous with white straight

mm
mm. lone: and 1 mm
mmutely bilobed, the lower Kd 3.5 mm
the lobes obovate. middle mm the lateral ones
amens exserted 1 mm
mouth of the corolla, glabrous, theupper anther lobe 0.75 mm
and 0,5 mm. broad, the lower lobe affixed 0,75 mm. below the i
about 0.5 mm. lonsr. sterile, the eonnpp.tivo, bpiwpon tho, 9. Inhos ah
mm. ions:, about 2 mm
mm. thick,minutely and sparingly pubescent, the hairs up to 0.08

mm, long and retrorsely recurved, the retinacula 1.5 mm. long, the
tips up to 0.25 mm, broad and suberose, the seed flattened, about 2
mm. in diameter, papillose.
Type in the National Herbarium, No. 1041358, collected in a
U. S.
quebrada thicket in the Cordillera Oriental, east of Neiva, Colombia,
700 to 1,500 meters altitude, July 31, 1917, by H. H. Rusby and
Francis Pennell (No. 486). Isotypes: GH, NY.
W.
S* Galen Smith's No. 1164 (US), collected on a dissected plateau at
Cabrera Lajas, about 11 km. east of Villavieja, on the road to Baraya,
Department of Huila, 460 meters altitude, July 7, 1950, is also of this
species.
SUPPLEMENT
The specimens cited or described in this supplement
after the publication of Parts I and II-
The page number in parentlieses after the species hes

where the entry would occur in Parts I or IL
PART I
1, STAUROGYNE Wall.
2- Staurogyne leptocaulis Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 7,) Figure 248

Herba decumbentibus, subteretibus, pilosis, pilis
gracilis, caulibus
debilibus, albis, appressis vcl subappressis; lamina fohorum oblongo-
eUiptica, apice obtusa, basi cuncata, firma, Integra, puberula et
minutis
terminal
terdum
similes
menta
acuminata, semientum posterius quam
angustius, dense pilosa, pilis gracihbus, albis, ascendentibus; corolla
alba, puberula, basi glabra, labio superiore brevi, erecto, bilabiato,
lobis rotundatis, labio infcriore patulo, trilobato, lobis rotundatis,
minus veemarginatis; stamina
minuta
verrucosa.
Dehcate herbs up to 13 cm. high; stems decumbent, producing erect
branches from the nodes, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter, subterete,
reddish brown, pilose, the hairs white, appressed to subappressed, up
to 0.6 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 25 mm. long and 4
mm. wide, obtuse at tip and cuneate at base, firm, entire, both sur-
faces puberulous and pilose, the minute hairs rigid, acute, up to 0.03
mm, lonir, the lone: hairs weak, white, up to 2 mm. long, both long and
mature blades becommg more
maturity
mm. Ions:, nilose; snikes both terminal and
cm. loner and 5 to 10 mm
similar to those of the stem; bracts at tip of spike about 5 mm
md 1 mm. wide, becoming, toward base, larger and intergradin^
671
into the stem leaves; bractlets oblong-linear, 2.5 mm. long and 0.5
mm. wide, obtuse and ciliate; pedicels 0.5 mm. long, pilose; calyx 5
mm. long, the segments narrowly lanceolate, acuminate (tip itself
blunt), the posterior segment 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide, the anterior seg-
ments 4, about 0.25 mm. wide, all densely white-pilose, the hairs
similar to those of the stem; corolla white, puberulous above, glabrous
at base, 5 to 6 mm. long, the tube 2.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. in diam-
Figure liS.—Staurogyne leptocaulis Leonard {Sprague 27): a, Branch; i, node of stem

enlarged to show leaf in detail; c, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) enlarged to
show pubescence; d, bractlet; e, calyx; /, lower lip of corolla; g, upper lip of same,
(a, Natural size; i, twice natural size; c, 10 times natural size; d, 8 times natural size;
e^ 5 times natural size;/, g, AYz times natural size.)
mm. at mouth, the upper lip about 1 mm

mm
middle lobe obovate, 2 mm, long, 1.4 mm
emar mm, ions: and 0.75 mm
stamens
middle of the corolla tube, the longer pair reaching the mouth
mm, long, glabrous, the stisrma
mm mm. wide and 0.5 mm, thick.
glabrous below, puberulous at tip; seed spherical, brown^ about 0.25

mm, in diameter, verrucose.
Type in the Kew
Herbarium^ collected on llano at edge of woods at
Cabuyaro, on the Rio Meta, Meta, Colombia, January 7, 1899, by
T. A. Sprague (No. 27). Isotype: K,
Staurogyne leptocaulis is readily distinguishable from S. lepida-
gathoides Leonard (described from the Department of Bolivar) by
its slenderer spikes and narrower leaf blades. In S. lepidagathoides
the latter are as much as 7.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. The specific
name is from the Greek \eirr6sj slender, and KavXos, stem.
2. ELYTRARIA Michx.
1. Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers, (Page 7.)
AtlXntico: Thin dry woods in the vicinity of Puerto Colombia, Barkley &
GutUrrez 183G (US). Thin shrubby woods south of Barranquilla, Torreyroza^
Araque-M, & Barkley 18At.521 (US).
BoLfvAR: Southwest of Monterfa, Araqiie-M, & Barkley l9BoL83 (US),
Magdalena: Open forests of Cerrej6n, Haught G711 (US). Wet sandy soil on
the bank of the Rfo Manzanarcs near Santa Marta, Giacometto 1049 (US).
4. MENDONCIA Veil.
1. Mendoncia
Vaup^s: Soratama, on the Rio Apaporis between Rfo Pacoa and Rio Kananarij
Schultes & Cabrera 13710 (US),
3. Mendoncia lindavii Rusby. (Page 15.)
Antioquia: Road between El Socorro and Mulato, east of Argelia, Core 825
(US). Rio Samand, near the road to Sons6n, Uribe-Uribe 2151 (US). Wet
woods of the Fucntes Termales de Santo Domingo, Scolnihy Araque-M. &
Barkley 19An.478 (US).
Meta: Plaza Bonita, Sierra de la Macarena, Philipson, Jdrobo & Ferndndez
1496 (BM, US).
3a. Mendoncia lasiophyta Leonard. (Page 16.)
Mendoncia lasiophytaj Leonard^ But. Harvard Univ. 16; 92, pL xv.

Mus. Leaf!,
1953. Type collected in the vicinity of Leticia, on the Rio Amazonas,
Comisarfa de Amazonas, Colombia, November 1948, by Richard Evans
Schultes & Francisco L6pez, No. 10400K (US, 1989479). Isotype: US
1989478.
Mendoncia lasiophyta is a rampant liana, clambering over grasses

and low shrubs. The leaf blades are large, orbicular or suborbicular,
and firm, but somewhat papery, and the lanceolate bracts, up to 4 cm.
long are, like the stout peduncles, clothed with a dense yellowish
brown tomentum. The corollas, exserted for about half their length
beyond the bracts, are red. The specific epithet, derived from Xastos,
shaggy, and 4>vt6v, plant, alludes to the densely fulvous-tomentose

inflorescence, leaves, and stems. Its closest relative is M. gigas
Lindau, of Peru.
4. Mendoncia pedunculata Leonard. (Page 160
Vaup^s: Cano Churruco, highland above the Rio Apaporis in tlic vicinity o[
Soratama (above mouth of Rfo Kananari), about "900 feet" altitudcj January 31,
1952, SchuUcs & Cabrera 15113 (US).
9. Mendoncia hirsuta (Poepp. & Endh) Nccs. (Page 21.)
Vichada: Amanaven, November 22, 1948, Romero 1225 (US). Dense ^\oods
along the Rfo Guaviare in the regi6n dc Amanabcl, 250 meters altitude,
November 23, 1948, Araquc-M & Barkleij 18 Vi. 128 (US).
9a. Mendoncia trichota Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 21.) Figukk 248a
Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus sulcatis, subterotibus, pilosis et
puberulis, pilis longis patulis brunncis ct parvis albidis intermixtis;
bl
^
>*^>
«^fe^
Figure 2i8a.~ Mendoncia trichota Leonard {Koie 5043): a. Lower portion of leaf; b, upper
portion of leaf; c, portion of stem; d, bract, (a, by Half natural size; c, d, natural siê.)
lamina foliorum grandis, ovata, apice acuminata, basi cordata^ tenuis,

integra, ciliata, utrinquc pilosa, pilis asecndentibus, longis, brunncis,
e basi stellata orientibus, costa et vcnis lateralibus prominentibus,
vend is crasse reticulatis; petioli pilosi; flores axillares, fasciculati;
pedicelli pilosi; bractcae ellipticac, utrinqiie obtusae vel rotundatae,

apice mucronulatao, rccurvatae, extus dense brunneo-pilosao, intus
puberulae; drupa ellipsoidalis, Icvitcr compressa, pubcrula.
Large vines; stems grooved, subterete, 5 mm. in diameter (near
flowering node), pilose and puberulons, the long hairs mostly spread-
ing, up to 7 mm. long, brown, the small hairs up to 0.2 mm. long,
whitish, spreading; leaf blades ovate, up to 25 cm. long and 18 cm.
wide, acuminate at tip, cordate at base, rather thin, entire, ciliate,
both surfaces pilose, the hairs ascending, mostly 3 to 6 mm. long,
brownish, arising from stellate bases, these bases larger and more
conspicuous on the upper surface than on the lower, the costa and
lateral veins (4 pairs) rather prominent, the veinlcts coarscl}^ reticu-
late; petioles up to 8 cm. long, 2.5 mm. in diameter, the pubescence
that of the stems; flowers axillary, in threes, at least the lowermôst;
pedicels 4 cm. long, 1.25 mm. in diameter, the pubescence that of
the stems; bracts cm. long,
elliptic, 3 U
to 17 mm, wide, obtuse or
rounded at both ends, mucronate at tip, the mucro 5 to 8 mm. long,
rigid,densely brown pilose, the hairs similar to those of the stems,
the inner surface puberulous, the hairs up to 0.3 mm. long, mostly
spreading; corollas not seen; drupe (m.ature ?) eUipsoidal, slightly
flattened, 22 mm., long, 9 mm. broad, 6.25 mm. thick, puberulous,
the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long.
Type in the Botanical Museum of the University of Copenhagen,
collected at Tres Esquinas,
on the Rio Caqucta, Intcndencia de
Amazonas, Colombia, 200 meters altitude, August 1952 bv M. K0ic
(No. 5043).
Mendoncia trichoia is well marked by its large thinnish cordate
leaves and its dense brownish pilosity. Its nearest relative is Men-
doncia cordafa Leonard, based on a specimen collected in the forest
along the Rio Anchicayd, Department of El Valle, Colombia, by
J. Cuatrccasas (No. 15216). From this M. trichoia differs in its
predominantly longer hairs, the dense (under lens) understory of
minute hairs on the stems, the larger leaf blades, and the smaller
bracts. The leaf blades of M. cordafa are up to 20 cm. long and
14 cm. wide and the hairs of the under surface are denser, giving it a
velvety touch that is lacking in M. trichota, with its more scattered
hairs. The bracts of M. cordafa are as much as 3.5 cm. long and 2.5
cm. wide, but in ilf. trichota do not exceed 3 cm. in length and 1.7 cm.
in width.
The specific epithet is from the Greek word Tpix^r^s, meaning
provided with hairs.
10. Mendoncia viilosa (Klotzch & Karst. ex Nees) Leonard. (Page 21.)
Cundinamarca: Guaduas, on road to Paramillo, 1,000 meters altitude, January
8, 1953, Uribe-Uribe 2496 (US).
—
Meta; Rio Giiejar, north of La Macareiia, Sabanas de San Juan de Arama, 500
meters altitude, August 23, 1950, Idrobo 566 (US).
12. Mendoncia sprucei Lindau. {Page 23.)
Norte de Santaxder: Tall forest east of Rio Valcgra, Municipal de Chitagd,

Cordillera Oriental, 2,000 meters altitude, November 16, 1942, Fosherg 19129 (US),
12a. Mendoncia phalacra Leonard, sp, nov. (Page 23.) Figure 248b
Plauta volubilis, caulibus subteretibus, leviter sulcatis, glabris;
lamina foliorum obloniro-elliptica, breviter acuminata et apiculata.
b acuta vel obtusa vel rotundata. firma, sub Integra,
mediocriter prominentibus
minusve sulcati, glabn; flores solitani vel gemmi
pedicelli sulcati, glabri, bquadrangularcs, deorsum teretcs;
rotundatae ct mucronulatae, dIus
Figure 248b. Mendoncia phalacra Leonard {Garcia-Barriga 14403): a. Portion of plant;

b, bracts; c, drupe, {a. Half natural sixe; hy r, natural size.)
mmusve
compi
Vine; steins shallowly grooved, sub terete, glabrous, 3 mm. in
diameter near the fruiting nodes; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to
12.5 cm, long and 7.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate and bluntly apiculate,
entire, both surfaces glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (4 pairs)
moderately prominent L5 to 2.5 cm. long, mor
sulcatc, glabrous; flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the upper
cm. lonir, toward base terete and 1 mm
iametcr, trraduallv enlarsred to 3 mm
/
sulcatC; glabrous; bracts oblong-elliptic, up to 3 cm. long and 1.5

cm. wide, rounded and mucronulate, the tip of the bract and the
mucro more or rounded at the base, green, glabrous,
less recurved,
the costa faint; mature corollas not seen; drupe 17 mmlong, 1 cm.
broad, 7 mm, thick, obtuse, flattened and oblique at tip, yellow,
glabrous.
Type U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2173522, collected at
in the
Jino-Go]6, between the RIos Piraparan^ and Popeyakd, in the Rio
Apaporis valley, Vaupes, Colombia, 250 meters altitude, September 3
to 11, 1952, by H. Garcia-Barriga (No. 14403).
Mendoncia phalacra is unique in being strictly glabrous and in the
rounded, more or less recurved, mucronulate tips of the bracts, which
are very noticeable. The species has no close relatives among those
known to grow in Colombia. The specific epithet is from the Greek
word 4>a\aKp6sj meaning smooth or glabrous.
17a. Mendoncia garciae Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 3L) Figure 248c
Frutex volubilis, caulibus leviter sulcatis, subteretibus, basi
glabratis, apice dense pilosis, pilis arete appressis, brunneis; lamina
foliorum elliptica, apice acuta vel abrupte acuminata, basi rotundata,
Figure 248c. —Mendoncia garciae Leonard {Gafcia-Barriga 14399): a, Node showing leaves,
both upper and lower surface, and portion of stem; h, bracts and pedicel; c, drupel
(^, Half natural size; t, c, natural size,)
firma, supra parce puberula, integra, subtus dense et moUiter tomen-

tosa, pilis flavescentibuSj costa et venis lateralibus prommen
impressis
flores axillares; dense tomentosi, pilis mollibus,
pedicelli teretes,
subtilibus, subbrunneis; bracteae oblongo-ovatae, apice rotundatae et
mucronatae, basi rotundatae, externe dense tomentosae, pilis mollibus,
drupa
comprossa
Shrubby vine up meters high; stems subterete, shallowly
to 3
sulcate, 4.5 mm. in diameter toward tip, densely and upwardly pilose,
the hairs brown, up to 2.5 ram. long, closely approssed, the older
ems glabrate; Icat blades elliptic, up to 10 cm. long
cm
firm
mm. lontr, more
tomentose, the hairs up to 0.75 mm
and lateral veins (4 pairs) very jirom
imnrcssc
mm
brownish hairs; corollas not seen (yellow, Garcia-Barriga) flowers ;
axillary, one or more (?) in each axil; pedicels 2.5 cm. long, 1.5 mm. in
diameter, terete, densely tomentose with soft fmc brownish hairs up
to 2 mm. long; bracts oblong-ovate, 2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, rounded
and mucronate, the mucro about 1 mm. long but obscured by the dense
tomentose pubescence covering the outer surface of the bracts, the
hairs soft, yellowish brown, about 2 mm. long, the costa obscure, the
mner surface of the bracts glabrous; drupes 1.5 cm. long, 8 mm.
broad, 6 mm. thick, obtuse and oblique at tip, somewhat flattened,
glabrous.
Type in the U.
S.
Jino-Goj6, between the Rios Piraparand and Popeyakii, in the valley
Vaup^s, Colombia, 250 meters altitude, September
H
Mendonc
suborbicular leaf with yellowish brown-tomcntose lower
blades,
surfaces and subglabroiis, veiny upper surfaces. There are apparently
no close relatives.
19. Mendoncia gracilis TurrilL (Page 33.)
Cauca: QuindiOj Triana (K),
5. THUNBERGIA Retz,
L Thunbergia alata Bojer. (Pag(^ 41.)
Cauca; Cuchilla del Taiiibo, Idroho cO Fernandez 30 (US)
2. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb, (Page 43.)

Antioquia: Thin wooda in the vicinity of Antioqiiia; Darkley & Arbolcda-R. 3
(US).
3. Thunbergia grandiilora Roxb, (Pago 44.)

AtlXntico: BarranquiUa, Dro. Elias 1408 (Ch).
Choc6: Along tlie Rio Atrato^ in the vicinity of Quibd6, Araque-M. & Barkley
19Ch.034 (US).
3a, Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. forma alba Leonard, f. nov. (Page 44.)
A
forma typica corolla alba rccedit-
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No, 1443113, collected
at Barranquilla, Department of Atlantico, Colombia, December 1929,
by Brother Elias (No. 794).
3b. Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. forma cUrina Leonard, f. nov. (Page 44.)
A forma typica corolla citrina reccdit.

Pato, in the drainage of Kio Nechi, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, June 23-25, 1944, by Joseph A. Ewan (No. 15833),
Label note: '^Cultivated vine in garden; fls. showy, lemon yellow,
leaves glossy green," The leaf blades of the type are rather narrowly
ovate, 12 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate, subcordate
at base, coarsely and bluntly toothed and some of them obscurely
lobed. In other respects it resembles the typical form.
6. BRAVAISIA DC.
1. Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standi. (Page 47.)
The citation for Bravaisia Jloribunda DC. given on page 46 is
erroneous. At the time of the publication of the genus Bravaisia^

DeCandolle provided a combined generic and speciiic description.
The citation should be:
Bravaisia flGrihunda DC, BibL Univ. Geneve n. ser. 17: 132. 1838. The type
was collected near Caracas, Veneznela, by Vargas. The other synonyms and
specimens mentioned above on page 46 under B, Jloribunda should be deleted,
AtlAntico: a common tree at Convento, near Galapa, Dugand 412 (Ch).
El Prado, near Barranquilla, Dugand 1G8 (Ch). In an arroyo at Juanmina,
Dugand & JaramiUo 4094 (US), Near Puerto Colombia, Dugand 13 (Ch).
Tubard, Elias 952 (US), SabaniUa Lagoon, Dugand 83 (Ch). El Pajar forest,
Dugand 542 (Ch).
Magdalena: On the Rio Rancheria, near Barrancas, Haught 3989 (US).
7. TRICHANTHERA H. B. K.
1, Trichanthera gigantea (Ilumb. & Bonph) Nces. (Page 49.)
Antioquia; Rain forest near Villa Arteaga, Ldpez & Sanchez 61 (US).
Cauca: In field along the Rio San Juan, Core 1501 (US). El Tambo, Kjell
von S7icidern 2G52 (US), 2653 (US).
Hitila: East of San Antonia FortalccillaSj Little 7930 (US).
Meta: Dense forest on bank of the Rio Guapaya, Sierra de la Macarena,
Philij^son, Idrobo & Fern&ndez 1G39 (US).
2. Trichanthera corymbosa Leonard, (Page 50.)
Santandee: In open, more or less dry forests north of Bucaramanga, Araque-

Af. & Barhleij 18S.212 (US),
8* SANCHEZIA Ruiz & Pav.
On page 51 above, a mention of the type was omitted. There

described by Euiz and Pavon, of which
fJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 484. 1926).
1, Sandiezia pennellii Leonard. (Page 52.)
Amazonas: Lowland along the Rfo Caquet^, at La Pcdrera, Schultes & Cabrera
17714 (US).
Caldas: Near Salamina, on the Rfo Pozo, Bro. Tomds 2452 (US).
Cundinamakca: Villetta, Andr6 512 (K). Chipaque to Coqueza, Andri
513 (K).
Meta: On river bank in dense humid forests of Plaza Bonita, Sierra de la
Macarena, Philipson, Idroho <& Fern&ndez 1722 (US).
Santander: Tagual, Andr& 266 (K).
VAUP:fis: Mesa La Lindosa, 15-20 km, south of San Jose de Guaviare, Idroho
& Schultes 682 (US), Rfo Guaviare, near San Fernando, 250 m. alt., Araque
M. & Darkley 18Va.068 (US),
2a, Sanchezia thlnophila Leonard. (Page 53.)
Sanchezia thinophilaj Leonard, Bot. Mus. Lcafl, Harvard Univ. 16: 94, pL
16. 1953. Type collected along the Rfo Loretoyacu, Trapecio Amaz6nico,
Intendencia of Amazonas, Colombia, about 100 meters altitude, October
20-30, 1945, by Richard Evans Schultes, No. CG07 (US, 1995537).
Schultes states that the type was taken from a plant growing on
beach at the mouth suggested
the specific epithet, thinopkila, from the Greek Bis, beach, and
<l>l\osj loving.
2b. Sanchezia thlnophila Leonard forma glabra Leonard, f, nov. (Page 53,)
A forma typica folia glabra recedit.
A shrub with yellow flowers and red bracts collected in the same
general locality as the type of the typical form.

in the
along the Rio Loretoyacu, Trapecio Amaz6nico, Intendencia de
Amazonas, Colombia, altitude about 100 meters, November 1945, by
Eichard Evans vSchuItes (No. 6937).
3. Sancheda lutea Leonard. (Page 53.)
Cauca: Marshy jungle on bank of stream near sea level, Gorgona Island,
Collenette 557 (K).
9. HYGROPHILA R. Br.
1. Hygrophila guianensis Nees. (Page 58.)
Antioquia: Wet
places at Copacabana, Bro. Daniel 3965 (US).
Meta: Wet rocky forest along the Rfo Guatiquia, in the vicinity of Villa-
vicencio, Araque-M, & Barkley 18M.041 (US).
PUTUMAYO: Wet forest on stoOD Slnnn of riHerp fihovr^ R.'inhfl.mnf<^Q atiH nr.rkr.ci'fii
—
the mouth of Quebrada Patoyaco, on t'

west of Mocoa, Fosberg 20386 (US).
M
(US).
2. Hygrophila tyttha Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 60.) Figure 249

Herba gracilis, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, simplicib
parce ramosis, acute quad vel angulis anguste alatis^
glabris vel in nodis tumidis parce hirtellis; lamina foliorum
Figure 249. Hygrophila tyttha Leonard {a~j, Killip 35383; h, Cuatrecasas \6GI1): a,
Plant; t, node showing inflorescence; r, interpetiolar hairs; dy bract; e, calyx; {^ portion

of mature calyx segment to show pubescence; g, tip of young calyx lobe; A, upper por-
tion of corolla to show stamens; t, anther; ;, vaive of capsule; k, seed, moistened to
show gelatinous pilosity. {a^ Natural size; by twite natural size; f, 12 times natural
size; d, e, 3}^ times natural size;/, 35 limes natural size; g, 6 times natural size; A, 2}i
times natural size; f> 18 times natural size; /, twice natural size; k, 10 times natural
size.)
lanceolata, apice obtusa, basi perspicue angustata, in superficie

glabra, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris parce hirtellis, marginibus
aliquando parce ciliolatis, cystolithis parvis, raris, inconspicuis; flores
anguste alatis; bracteae lanceolatae, acutae
axillares, pedicellis planis,
vel obtusae, glabrae vel in costa parce hirtellae et in marginibus albidis
888179—57 24
parce ciliolatae; pili interpetiolarcs plani, albidi, septati; calyx parvus

tubo glabro, segmentis linearibus, subcarinatis, glabris vel parce
hirtellis et ciliatis, pilis ascendentibus; corolla alba vol lilacina,
stamina
glabrae; retinacula brevia
scmma
maririnibus madcfacta mucoso
cm. hie:li: stems erect or ascendiiis^. sim
or sparingly branched forming dense clumps, sharply quadrangular or
the angles na.rrowly winged, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous at the
nodes, these more or less swollen, the basal portion of the stems 1 to
mm
and 1.5 to 4.5 mm.
wide, gradually narrowed to an obtuse tip and into
a slender base, glabrous except the costa (pn mmen d
marp-ms
of the leaves sometimes sparingly ciliolate, the cystoliths usually
small, scattered and inconspicuous; interpetiolar liairs whitish, up to
0.G4 mm. long, flattened, septate; flowers axillary, solitary or several
in a cluster, the pedicels up to 3 cm. long, flattened, narrowly winged;
bracts subtending the pedicels lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide,
acute to obtuse, glabrous, the costa and margins wliitish, the costa
sparingly hirtellous and the margins sparingly ciliolate with hairs
about 0.2 mm. long; calyx 5 mm. long, the tube glabrous, the segments
linear, about 5 mm. long, subcarinate, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous
and cihate, tlie hairs ascendinir. about 0.2 mm. lonj?: corolla white or
mm &
mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens included, the longer pair 3.5 mm.
long, the shorter 1.5 mm. long, the anthers hnear, 1 mm. long, 0.25 mm.
broad; capsules linear, 10 mm. long, 1.25 mm. broad, 0.75 mm. tl
obtuse and apiculatc, glabrous; retinacula 0.35 mm. long, acute;
usually 16 in each capsule, brown, flattened, ca. 1 mm. long, O.G
mm. wide, 0.25 mm. thick, rounded at tip, oblique at base, glabrous
when dry but mucilaginous-pilose when moistened.
the sandy and gravefly bank of Kio San Juan, near Andagoya, In-
tendencia of Choc6, Colombia, 60 meters altitude, April 2 i 193 9,
by E. P. Killip (No. 35383). Also represented by:
Ei. Valle: Rio Cajarnbre, at Barco, Ciialrccasas 17101 (US). R£o Calima,
between La Ilcrradura de Ordonez and Pefia de Campotriste, Cualrccasas 1GG72
(US). lifo Calima, between PaiI6n and El Coco, Cuatrecasas 2124C (US), lilo
.
Naya, between Puerto Merizalde and Meregildo, Cuatrecasas 14346 (US). Wet
rocky soil on edge of R£o Sabaletas, at Sabalctas^ km. 29 of highway from Buena-
ventura to Cali, Killip & Cuatrecasas 3885G (US),
The specimens cited were all collected at low altitudes (5 to 80

meters). The plants, often forming dense clumps, are of a bright
green color. IGllip states that it isa characteristic plant along the
Kio San Juan. The species is unique in the genus Hygrophila
because of its small size, hence its name from the Greek rvrdos.
10. BLECHUM P. Br.
1. Blechum brownei Juss. f. puberulum Leonard. (Page 62.)

Antioquia: Damp shaded place 2 km, north of Antioquia, GutUrrez & DarMey
17C.036 (US). Open places in rich alluvial soil in the vicinity of IMedelUn,
Barkley 17C.345 (US). Along trail, 3 km. west of Santa F^ de Antioquia, Barkley,
Barros-N. & Alvarez-D, 381 (US); Rlos-C, Barkley & Beiancoitri-0 605 (US). .
Trail near the Rfo Ampurrumiad6, GutUrrez tfe Barkley 17C.174 (US).
AtlAntico: Hacienda El Parafso, on the bank of Rio Magdalena between
Palmar de Varela and Ponedcra, Dugand 4420 (US).
BoLfvAu: Hacienda Martinica in the vicinity of Sinii, 15 km, from Monteria,
Bcchara, Araque-M. & Barkley 19Bo.085 (US). Rich soil west of Monterfa, near
the Rio Sind, Cervantes, Araque-AL & Barkley 19Bo.054 (US),
El Valle: La Paila, Ilolton s.n. (NY). Near Queremal, Core 1482 (US).
Huila: Wet silt near river and rice fields, Rio Cabrera, 18 km. northeast of
Villavieja, S. Galen Smith 1203 (US),
Magdalena: Santa Marta, Bertero s.n, (Mo)*
n. PHAULOPSIS Willd.
1. Phaulopsis oppositifolia (Wendl.) Lindau. (p. 65).
Micranthus oppositifalius Wendl. Bot. Beob. 39. 1798.

Phaulopsis parviflora Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 342. 1800 (nom. illegit.).
Phaulopsis oppositifolia Lindau in Engler & Prantl, Nat, Pflanzenfara. Naclitr.
II-IV, Toil. 1: 305. 1S97 (as oppositifolius)
page 64 above, I adopted the original spelling "Phaylopsis";
On
however, wben this genus v/as added to tJxe list of nomina conservanda
the etyniologically correct spelling Phaulopsis was adopted. The
specific epithet parvijlora was superfluous when published, and must
be replaced by the earHer oppositi-folia. The fact that the genus
Micranthus Wendland has been rejected in favor of Phaulopsis does
not render specific names published unter Micranthus illegitimate.
Meta: Villavicencio, Bro. Apollinaire C (US), E (US), F (US). About 12

km. southeast of Villavicencio, 400 meters altitude, January 9, 1939, Haught
2532 (US).
12. RUELLIA Plum, ex L.
Dipteracanthus Nees ex WalL The species D, ciliatus mentioned as the type on

page 66 is a Icctotype rather tlian a type, Bremekamp (Verh. Kon. Ned.
Akad. Wetcnsch., Afd. Natuurk., sect. 2, 45: 15, 1948) chose another species,
D, prosUatus (Poiret) Nees, as lectotype in 1948, and his choice must be
followed.
Stemonacanthus. The species S. salvnfolius is a lectotype, the fourth of five
original species; it was chosen because it is the one illustrated by Nees.
Arrhostoxylum, laxum
Nees, but this was an error. There were 18 original species in the genus,
of which the third, A. glahrum Nees, was chosen as lectotype by Bremekamp
{loc. cit.) because it is the species illustrated by Nees. Bremekamp's choice
must be followed.
1. Ruellia fulgida Andr. var, angustissima (Hochr.) Leonard. (Page 69.)
Cuxdinamarca: Santandercito, Urihe-Urihe 22Q7 {\}S),
Cauca: Open forests about Popaydn, Lehmann 7850 (K). La Paila, Holton
23 (NY).
Norte de Santander: Ocafia, Schlim 136 (K),
2. Ruellia tolimensis Leonard. (Page 71.)
Cundinamarca: Fusagasugd, AndH 1445 (K),
3, Ruellia potamophila Leonard. (Page 73.)

El Valle: Forest at Cisneros, 300 to 500 meters altitude, Sept. 21, 1922,
Killip 11477 (GH, NY),
Meta: Dense humid forest in ravine, Cafio Cierno, Sierra de la
Macarena,
Philipson, Idrobo & Jaramillo 2046 (BM). Along path at Guapayita, between the
Rio Glicjar and Cafio Guapayita, Cordillera La Macarena, 500 to 600 meters
altitude, December 1950, Idrobo & Schulies 920 (US),
6. Ruellia paniculata L. (Page 76.)
Atl^ntico: Luruaco, Bro. ApoUnar-Angel 496 (US).

Bolivar: Desert scrub savanna, Caribbean coast, 7 km. east of Cartagena,
Grant 10700 (US).
Magdalena: Pantano, Rio Hacha, Schlim 894 (K).
7. Ruellia inundata H. B. K. (Page 77.)
AtlXntico; Hacienda El Parafso on the banks of the Rfo Magdalena between

Palmar de Varela and Ponedcra, Diigand 4427 (US).
8. Ruellia tuberosa L. (Page 79.)
Antioquia: Damp woods 2 km. north of Antioquia, GuiUrrez-V. & Barkley

17C,041 (US). Woods near Antioquia, Barkley, Klevens & GuiUrrez-V. 17C.380
(US). Dry rocky soil along road to soa 1 km. east of Puente de Occidente, Bark-
ley, Barros-N. & Alvarez-D. 393 (US); Scolnik, Araque-M. & Barkley
19An.317
(US). Damp place 3 km. west of Santa F6 de Antioquia, Scolnik, Rios-C. &
Betancourt-0. 624 (US).
BoLfvAR: Hacienda El Covao, Monterla, on the banks of the Rfo Simi, Garcia-
Barriga 13415 (US); Cervantes, Araque-M. & Barkley 19Bo.0GG (US).
Cundinamauca: Viotd to Toacima, Andr6 1713 (K).
—
Huila: Sand bar at Cabrera Lajas, about 11 km. east of Villavieja, on the road
to Baraya, upper Rfo Magdalena basin, S, Galen Smith 1137 (US). Road from
Villavieja to Colombia, upper Rfo Magdalena basin, Mason 13978 (UC).
Magdalena: Along weedy roadside in cultivated grounds of Prado de Magda-
lena, Santa Marta, Fosberg 22126 (US),
Norte de Santandeb: Cticuta, Miguel de Garganta-Fdbrega 902 (US). In
rather dry, sandy, rocky soil near the Rio Pamplonita, east of Ciicuta, Araque-M,
& Barkley 18NS.153 (US). In rather dry, rocky soil along the Rfo Peralonso in
the vicinity of Santiago, Araque-M. & Barkley 18NS.106. (US),
Tolima: Open bushwoods above Prado and near La Uni6n, Lehmann 6410 (K).
9. Ruellia macrophylla Vahl. (Page 80.)
Magdalena: Tucurinca, Romero 597 (Ch). Temperate forests 8 km. east-

northeast of Manaure and 44 km. east of Valledupar, Sierra de PerijA, Grant 10764
(US). Subtropical forest in the Espfritu Santo Valley, 15 km, east of Codazi,
Sierra Perijjl, Grant 11000 (US).
Department?: Valle de Caesar, Dawe 616 (K),
IL Ruellia ischnopoda Leonard, (Page 84.)
Antioquia: Loreto, Toro 859 (NY). El Boquer6n, along road to sea in vicin-
ity of Medellln, Uribe-Uribe 2273 (US).
Cundinamarca: Barroblanco, near Fusagasugd, AndrS 1439 (K). On bank of
the Rio Magdalena at Guataqui, AndrS 1881 (K).
NariRo: La Uni6n, in the Rfo Cauca valley, Andr6 2916 (K).
Tolima: Dry heaps of rubble around Guadelupe and Suaza, Lehmann 8692
(NY, K), Rfo Saldafia, Haught 6382 (US),
13. Ruellia rusbyi Leonard. (Page 88,)
Cauca: La Vlbora, LeAwann 4478 (K), Los Arboles,in the Rio Cauca Valley,
^ndr^ 2848 (K),
Tolima: Pitalito, Sprague 246 (K).
15. Ruellia humboldtiana (Nees) Lindau. (Page 89.)
Stemonacanthus humboldtianus Nces in Benth. London Journ. Bot. 4: 635.

1845 [humboltianus].
first
Nees 1847.
This brings up a peculiar nomenclatural difficulty. Bentham was

preparing bis list of the British Guiana collections of Schomburgk,
and Nees contributed a description of his proposed new species in
advance of its intended publication in the Prodromus. The Bentham

publication came out earlier, but it does not cite the intended type
(a Humboldt collection from the Aragua Valley, Venezuela), but only
a Schomburgk collection from British Guiana, which Nees was con-
sidering a new variety S. humholdtianus var. p. The short specific
description is however based on the Humboldt specimen, even though

this is not cited, and consequently it must be considered the type.
The Schomburgk specimen has not been examined; it very probably

renresents a different snecies.
In DC. Prodromiis, Nees under the typical yarictj^ (called

lists
vai\ a) a Linden collection (Linden 1526) from Cuba. This was an
error; Nees very likely intended to list this specimen under his var. /3.
In any case, tJiis collection, as sliown by a photograph of a specimen,
docs not represent It humboldtiana. On page 89 above, I stated that
it miglit be an undcscribcd species, but further study indicates that
it is E. macrox)hylla Vald, a species rather common in Cuba.
Cundinamarca: Subtropical forest in the Gazaunta Valley, 9 km. northwest

of Medina, Cordillera Oriental, Grmit 10388 (US).
Meta: Between Qnctame and Villavicencio, Lchmann 8822 (Iv). Rain forest,
Rfo Ocoa, 9 kn^. southeast of Villavicencio, Fosherg 20100 (US). Moist forest
just west of Servita in the canyon of Rfo Negro, 10 km. west-northwest of Villa-
viccncio, Fosherg 21445 (US). Between Servita and Villavicencio, 300-000
meters, Triana 4043-3 (K),
16, Ruellia lubiflora II. B, K. (Page 91.)
Cundinamarca: Between Rfo Seco and Parada, Province of Tequcndama,

Triana 4043-1 (Col, K),i Guadnas, Urihe-Urihe 2335 (US). San Antonio,
Ilaught G25G (US).
NoHTE DE Santandek: Aguachica, Ocana^ Schlim 779 (K).
Santander: Consuelo, Kalhreycr 2049 (K).
Tolima: Shaded forest near watercourse, Chicoral, Haught G3S5 (US), 6429
(US). Mariquita, Urihe-Urihe 2^Q7 (US).
IGa. RuelHa tubiflora TI. B. K. var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard. (Page 92.)
BoLfvAK; Forests between Las Dantes and Puerto Canoa, Pcnnell 4542 (NY).
Cundinamarca: Cordillera de Viota, on the road to Fusagasuga, Triana
4043-6 (K).
]\[eta: Susumuco, AndrS 900 (K), Villavicencio, Paul IL <fc Dorothy 0. Allen
3229 (:Mo); Pirez-Arbddez 5343 (Herbarium of P(5rez-Arbe]dez). Between
Susumuco and Vihavicencio, 300-1000 meters, Triana 32-4 (K).
1Gb. Ruellia tubiflora IT. B. K. var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard f. bicolor
Leonard. (Page 92.)
Cauca: La Costa, El Tambo, von Sncidern 864 (S).
Meta: In rich soil in damp rocky woods on the bank of Rio Guatiquia, in
the vicinity of Villavicencio, Araque-M. & Barkley 18M.058 (US). Guapayita,
on trail between the Rfo Gliejar and Cafio Guapayita, Cordillera de Macarena,
Idroho & Schidtes 916 (US). Dense humid forests on the Rio Giiejar south of
the El Mico Airstrip of Camp 1, Cordillera de Macarena, Philipson, Idroho &
Fcrn&ndcz 1364 (US). Los Micos, along the Rfo Giiejar, Sabanas de San Juan
de Arama, Cordillera de Macarena, Idroho & SchuUes 5G8 (US). Moist shady
place along stream, Villavicencio, Sandeman 6821 (K). Villavicencio, Andr6
1014 (K); Sprague s.n. (K); Pennell 1478 (NY).
16c. Rueliia tubiflora H. B, K. var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard forma
caesiolineata Leonard, f. nov. (Page 03.)
A forma typica corolla labio inferiore caesiolineato recodit.

A shrub 8 feet high; corolla white with lavender lines on the lower
lip, 7 cm. Ions:, the tube 5 mm, broad at baso.. nnrrowrd nt 9 pm
> The ICew specimen erroneously
Is numbered '*4041-1/' according to a copy of the Triaiia catalog in tho
possrsaion of Dr. Cuatrecasas^
above base to about 3 mm., thence rather abruptly enlarged to a

cylindrical throat 1.5 cm. broad, the limb about 4 cm. broad.
tropical forest atSan Mateo, Gazaguan Valley, 6 kilometers north-
west of Medina, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 800 meters
altitude, October 6, 1944, by Martin L. Grant (No. 10431). Iso-
type: US.
16f. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. parviflora Leonard forma alba Leonard.
(Page 94.)
Leaf blades lanceolate, 2.5 to 6 cm. long and 0.8 to 2 cm. wide.
Amazon as: Soratama, on the Rio Apaporis between Rio Pacoa and Rio
Kananarf, SchuUes & Cabrera 13570 (US).
17. Ruellia lorentziana Griseb. (Page 94.)
Tolima: Piedras, on the Rio Chipalo, Andrd 1865 (K).

17a. Ruellia auraiitiaca Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 95.) Figure 249a
Suffrutex, subquadrangularibus, subtomentosis; lamina
caulibus
foliorum ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata (apice ipso subobtuso),
basi rotundata vel acuta, aliquanto firma, crenata, supra glabra,
subtus puberula, pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, venis

utrinque obscuris, cystolithis prominentibus; pctioH puberuh, pilis
fere appressis; spicae terminales et subterminales, floribus in fasciculis
basi interrupts apice confluentibus bractcae fasciculas subtendentes
;
foHaccae; bractcae flores subtendentes oblongae, apice rotundatao,

ciliatae et utrinque parce pilosae, pilis patulis vel ascendentibus,
extus costa subtomentosa, pilis curvatis et appressis; calycis scgmenta
linearia pilosa et ciliata, pilis patulis vol ascendentibus; corolla pallide
atcriformis emfir-
stamma
filame
ascendentibus; rctinacula gracilia linearia recta et leviter curvata,
apice plana et fimbriata.
meter hidi; stems
mm
cm. lone* and 6 cm
tip moderately firm, crenate, the upper
surface glabrous, the lower pubcrulous, the hairs confined chiefly to
mm
prominent
mm. long; petioles up to 4 cm
mm. lonsr, mostly apprcsscd: these
sessile, forming up to three terminal and subterminal spikes, the

cm. long and all about 2 cm
—
QS8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
toward base of spikes and confluent toward tip; bracts subtending

the fascicles leaflike, mostly up to 2.5 cm. long and up to 8 mm.
wide; bracts subtending the flowers oblong, 8 to 10 mm. long and 2.5
to 4 mm. wide, rounded at tip, ciHate and loosely pilose, the hairs
spreading or ascending, up to 1.5 mm. long, dorsally the costa sub-
tomentose with appressed, curved hairs up to 0.25 mm. long; calyx
Figure 249a. Ruellia auranliaca Leonard {Andre 1203): a, Leaf; b, tip of inflorescence;
c, floral bract; d, calyx segment; e, corolla; /, capsule valve, {a, Half natural size;
h, e, natural size; c, 2}^ times natural size; d, lî times natural size; /, twice natural
size.)
seo;ments linear. 12 mm
from 1 mm
ciliate with spreading or ascending hairs up to mm
mm
corolla light orange, pubescent (the hairs variously curved, up to 0.5
mm. long) up to 3 cm. loner, the tube 2
, mm
larged to 2.5 at 2 cm. above base, thence expanded Into a funnelform

throat 7 broad at mouth, the lobes orbicular, about 7 mm. in di-
mm.
ameter, emarginate, the limb about 2 cm.broad, the longer pair of stamens
I
slightly exserted beyond the mouth of the mouth of the corolla, the
shorter pair more or less included, the anthers oblong, 4 mm. long, 1
mm, broad, rounded at both ends, the filaments glabrous, the style
about 2 cm, long, glabrous toward tip, minutely and sparingly puber-
ulous toward base; capsules clavate, about 12 mm. long, 5 mm. broad,
1,5 mm, thick, puberulous, the hairs ascending at tip, retrorse toward
base, up to 0.3 mm, long; retinacula slender, linear, slightly curved,
thin and fimbriate at tip, about 0.5 mm. wide; seeds not seen.
Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in the woods about Salitre,
Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 400 meters altitude,
January 5, 1876, by Edouard Andre (No, 1203).
There seem to be no close relatives of this species in Colombia.
The specific epithet was suggested by the color of the corolla.
18. Ruellia geminiflora H, B. K. (Page 95.)
d
iflora proposed by Nees under the name Dipt
iflorus
published except jS Of course, they wêre validly published;
and e.
I intended to say that they had not been validly transferred to the
genus Ruellia^ except for the two varieties mentioned.
Cundinamarca: Hacienda Tobia, Nocaima, Garcia-Barriga s.n. (Col).
Cauca: Woods in the District of Saladito^ 15 km, west of Cali, Alma Moldenhe^
Millard &
Barkley 18VC.000 (US).
El Valle: Upper Rfo Dagua^ 1400-1600 meters, Lehmann 5505 (K)*
Huila: Flats along stream in dissected plateau in the upper basin of the KIo
Magdalena about 5 km* north of Villavieja, Mason 13817 (US).
Magdalena: Poponte, Cyril Allen 934 (K),
Meta: La Poyata, Garcla-Barriga 5196 (Col),
Norte de Santander: Ocafia, Kalhreyer 1257 (K).
Tolima: Wooded bank of stream west of Chaparral, S, Galen Smith 1272
(UC), Near Piedras, Andr6 1859bis (K),
18a. Ruellia geminiflora H, B. K var. angustifolia (Nees) Griseb. (Page 96.)
Antioquia: Open woods on Cerro "El Volador/' east of Medellin, Araqiie-M.

<fc Barkley 18An.360 (US).
Meta: Cabuyaro, Sprague 52 (K).
19a. Ruellia obtusa Nees f. albiflora Leonard f. nov. (Page 97.)
A
forma typica corolla alba recedit.
near Sahagiin, on the road to Ccret6, Department of Bolivar, Colombia,
120 meters altitude, June 1, 1950, by H. Garcia-Barriga (No. 13454).
Ruellia ohtusa f. albiflora is an herb up to 1 meter high. It resem-
bles the typical form except for its white flowers/
690 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARnjM
20. Ruellia colorata Baill. (Page 98.)
Cauca: Popaydn, Lchmann 3164 (K).

22. Ruellia pennellii Leonard. (Page 101.)
Antioquia: Woods in the Quebrada d Barfgamo, between Pavurandocito
and Mutata, in the vicinity of Urab^l, Urihe-Uribe 2029 (US).
BoLfvAu: Forest at Tierra Alta
(in part) (GH).
CaquetX: Without locality, C. Uribe-P, (US).
Magdalena: Isla Brava, Andri 402 (K).
22a, Ruellia grantii Leonard, sp. nov, (Page 102.) Fig 250
Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus, angulis acutis, pilosis vol sub-
tomentosis, pilis apprcssis, albidis; lamina foliorum ovata vol oblongo-
ovataj brcvitcr acuminata (apice ipso obtuse), basi cuneata, aliquanto
Figure 2S0.~RuelHa grantii Leonard {Grant 10013): a, Inflorescence; i, stem node and
leaf; portion of under surface of leaf blade enlarged to show venation and cystoUths;
c,
d, bract and bractlets; e, calyx;

/, portion of capsule near its base enlarged to show
pubescence; g, tip of lowermost retinaculum; A, same of upper retinaculum, (a. b.
/,
g, hj 8 times natural size.)
firma, undulata vol crenato-so.rrata, supra glabra vel pilos paucos

ferens, subtus parce vel aliquanto dense pilosa, pilis praecipue in costa
et venis positis, appressis vel ascendentibus, costa et vents et vcnulis
prommen
terminales, bracteis et bracteolis prominen
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, m 691
subobtusis
menta
vel ascendeniibus, costa prominente; corolla alba, minute pubescens,
tubo hypocrateriformi, lobis siiborbicularibiis; stamina plus minusve
inclusa, filamentis sursum glabris, basi pubcrulis, antheris linearibus;
capsulae clavatac^ dense pubcrulae, apice pilis patulis vel ascendenti-
buSj basi pilis retrorsis retinacula suberccta, inferiora apicc rotundata,
;
laciniata^ superiora apice acuminata, minute laciniata ; semina

mucoso-toment
Herb ud to 0.5 meter
subtomentose
hairs apprcsscd, whitish, up to 0.5 mm, long; leaf blades ovate to
oblong'Ovate, up to 13 cm. long and 6 cm, wide, short-acuminate (the
tip itself obtuse), cuneate at base, rather firm, undulate or crenate-
serrate, the upper surface glabrous or bearing a few scattered hairs,
the lower surface sparingly to rather densely pilose, especially the

costa and lateral veins (about 10 pairs), the hairs appressed to ascend-
mm
mm
cm
cm. Ions: and 3 cm
moderately
mm
cm, long and 0.5 mm. \^
5 cm. Ions: and 2.25 mm

mm
ciliate and sparingly pilose, the hairs spreading or ascending, up to
1.25 mm, long, the costa prominent; corolla 3.5 cm. long, white, mi-
nutely pubescent, the tube 2,5 mm. in diameter, expanding from about
the middle to 8 mm. at throat, the lobes suborbicular, about 7 mm. in
diameter; stamens reaching or slightly exceeding the mouth of the
corolla, the filaments glabrous except toward the puberulous base,
the anthers linear, 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; capsules 14 mm, long,
clavate, 4 to 5 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, rather densely pubescent,
mm
mm
and 0.5 wide near base, acute to rounded and more or less fimbri-
mm.
ate at tip; seed brown, about 3 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide and 0.^
mm. thick, mucilaginous-tomentosc when moistened.
Tj^pe in the U. S. National Herbarium, No, 2045435, collected or
creek bank in subtropical forest in the Quebrada Play6n, in the RI(
Manzanares Valley, 20 km. west of La Esperanza and 42 km. west o
Villavlcencio. Cordillera Oriental, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia
1,200 meters altitude, August 29, 1944, by Martin L. Grant (No.

10013). Isotypo: US, 2107000.
Euellia grantii should be easy to recognize in the field by its stiff
habit, square stems and largish spikes with conspicuous narrow
bracts and bractlets, and by tlic wliite, puberuious corollas.
22b. Ruellia macarenensis Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 102.) Figure 251
Hcrba decumbcns, caulibus parce ramosis, subquadrangularibus,
glabris vcl parce bifariam pilosis, lineis stipularibus dense pilosis,
pilis albis, rectis, ascendentibus, cystolithis pluribus, parallelis;
lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, apice graciliter falcato-acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, utrinque
minute strigosa, pilis in costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto prominent-
ibus positis, cystolithis conspicuis; petioli aliquanto breves, subtus
glabri, supra et in marginibus canalis plus minusve dense pilosi; flores
axillares; bracteae oblongo-lanceolatae, foliaceae; pedunculi breves,
crassi; calycis scgmenta anguste lanceolata, subaequaHa, graciliter
acuminata, intus glabra, extus parce pilosa, in marginibus dense
ciliata; corolla magna, alba (?), parce pubescens, pilis in venis positis,
tubo basi angusto, supra magno, plus minusve ventricoso, lobis mag-
ilaribus: stamina inclusa. filamentis elabria. basi nubftr-
ulis exceptis.
Decumbent herbs up to 1.5 meters long; stems sparingly branched,
subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly pilose in two lines, the hairs
up to 0.38 mm. long, the stipular lines
between the bases of the
petioles densely pilose, the hairs white, straight, ascending, up to
0.7 mm. long, the cystoliths numerous, parallel, up to 0.16 mm. long,
obscure; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 14 cm. long and 4 cm. wide,
slenderly falcate-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed and
cuneate at base and dccurrent on the petiole, both surfaces minutely
strigose, the hairs confined to costa and lateral veins
(6 or 7 pairs),
up to 0.7 mm. long, the venation moderately prominent, the cystoliths
conspicuous, up to 0.16 mm. long; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long, glabrous
or sparingly pilose beneath, the channels and margins densely pilose;
flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, each subtended by a
pair of Icaflike bracts, these oblong-lanceolate, up to 2 cm. long and
5 mm. wide, acute; pedicels 1 mm. long, stout; calyx segments nar-
rowly lanceolate, subequal, 16 to 20 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, grad-
ually narrowed to a slender tip, the margins densely ciliate with white
spreading or ascending hairs up to 1.5 mm. long, the inner surface
glabrous, the outer rather sparingly pilose toward tip; corolla 6 cm.
long, white (?), sparingly pubescent, the hairs confined to the nerves,
spreading, up to 0.75 mm. long, the tube 3 mm. broad at base, grad-
ually narrowed to 2 mm. at 2 cm. above base, thence abruptly enlarged
to 16 mm. at throat, the enlarged portion about 2.5 cm. Ion? and
—
somewhat yentricose, the lobes suborbicular, about 12 mm. in diam-

eter; stamens included, the longer pair 2 cm^ long, the shorter 1.5
cm. long, the filaments glabrous except at base, here minutely puberu-
lous, the anthers 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad; style slightly exceeding
the stamens in length, glabrous except at base, here puberulous, the
stigma lobes very unequal, one linear, 2.25 mm. long and 0.3 mm.
ii"
'It,
\f^j
Figure 251. RuelUa macarenensis Leonard (S- Galen Smith 13 Idrobo 1486); a. Tip o
plant; i,portion of leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged to show pubescence and cystoliths
c, portion of stem enlarged to show cystoliths; d, node of stem; ey bract; /, calyx; g,
portion of calyx segment enlarged to show ciliatlon; A, anther; i, stigma, {a. Half
natural size; h, c, about 5 times natural size; i, f, !}{ times natural size; /, i, twice
natural size; g, lyi times natural size; A, 4J'^ times natural size.)
wide, the other ovate, rounded, about 0.75 mm. long and wide;
capsule not seen.
Type in the Herbarium of the University of California, No. 941780,
collected in dense forest Rio Giiejar near its
on north bank of the
junction with the Rio Zanza, at the northern end of the Cordillera
Marcarena. Intendencia of Meta meters August 20,
Smith and Jesiis ). M
Isotype:
US
Ruellia macarenensis resembles in a general way R. puri Mart.

Brazil, but that species has longer corollas with a mucli more slen-
r tube (lower narrow portion 1 mm. broad and as much as 5 cm. lomr
and 5 mm
mou
from which the type specimens were obtained were
from They were sparingly branched
s from 0.5 to 1.5 meters
25. Ruellia lasiostachya Leonard. (Page lOG.)
Caldas: Piedra dc Molcr, on the banks of the Rio de la Vioja, Andri 240G (K).
Meta: Servita, 900 meters, Triana 32-2 (K).
26a. Ruellia gorgonensis Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 107). Figure 252
Herba, caulibus simphcibus vcl parce ramosis, crectis vcl as-
cendentibus, subquadrangularibus, dense pilosis, pilis longis, rigidis,
brunneis, vitreis, plus minusve patuHs; lamina foliorum ovata vel
oblonga-ovata, subacuta vel brcvitor acuminata, basi acuta vel
obtusa, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, intcgro vel Icviter
dentata, utrinque pilosa, pilis rigidis, subbrunneis, asccndentibus,
costa et venis lateralibus supra obscuris, subtus prominentibus, pilis
longis rigidis et pilis parvis apprcssis intermixtis praeditis, cystolithis
prominentibus; pctioii pilis longis patulis et pilis parvis apprcssis
intermixtis pracditi; florcs plurcs sessiles in fasciculis parvis dispositi,
bracteis magnis foliiformibus sufFulti; bracteolac linearcs vel spathula-
tae, pilosae, pilis segmcnta lanccolata, acuminata,
rigidis; calycis
parce hirsuta; corolla dilute lilacina, minute pubescens, piHs patulis,
tubo deorsum anguste c^dindrico, sursum hj^pocratiformi et leviter
vcntricoso, iobis suborbicularibus; stamina inclusa, filamentis glabris;
ovarium hirtellum.
Simple or sparingly branched herbs up to 1.6 meters high; stems
erect or ascending, subquadrangular, densely pilose, the hairs rigid,
brownish, vitreous, more or less spreading, up to 3.5 mm. long;
leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 14 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide,
subacute to short-acuminate, acute to obtuse at base and dccurrcnt
on the petiole, moderately firm, entire or shallowly and obscurely
dentate, both surfaces rather densely pilose with rigid brownish
mm
promi
ncnt and in addition to the long rigid spreading liairs mostly bearing
numerous small (about O.IG mm
prominent, up to 0.2 mm. long; petioles 5 to 10 cm. long, bearing both
long rigid spreading hairs and smaller closely apprcssed ones; flowers
borne in small clusters, the calyces and bractlcts hidden by the ter-
minal leaves or, in mature plants, the flower clusters arranged in
terminal spikes usually about 6 cm. long, the clusters subtended by

small subsessile lanceolate leaves, these mostly 1.5 to 5 cm. long
and cm. wide, acuminate to acute (the tips often curved),
0.5 to 1.5
the pubescence that of the main stem leaves, each flower subtended
by a pair of linear or spatulate pilose bractlets up to 1 cm. long and
Figure 252. Longfield

of plant; J, tnchome from stem; c, portion of under surface of leaf blade enlarged to
show pubescence and cystoliths; d, same for marginal portion of leaf blade; e, bractlets;
^, calyx; g, tip of calyx segment, (a, Natural size; b, 12 times natural size; c, d, e, twice
natural size;/, 4 times natural size; gy 7 times natural size.)
m
2 mm. wide; mature calyx 6.5 mm. long, the segments lanceolate,
5 mm, long, 0,75 mm, wide near base, thence gradually narrowed into
a slender sparingly hirteUous, the hairs about 0.16 mm. long,
tip,
subappresscd or ascending, confined mostly to the costa and tips of
the segments; corolla pale pink or lavender, minutely pubescent, the
narrow portion of the corolla tube (except at base) densely so with
more or less mm. long, the lower half of the

spreading hairs up to 0.16
corolla tube narrowly cylindric, 1.5 mm. in diameter, the upper por-
tion funnelform, slightly ventricose, 12 mm. broad at mouth, the limb
2 cm. broad, the lobes suborbicular, about 7 mm. in diameter; stamens
included, attached near the summit narrow portion of the corolla
of the
tube, the filaments of the longer pair about 7 mm. in length. Miose of
mm. long
mm
ded
minute
Kew Herbarium
Colombia. Oct
Cheesman (N
No. 381, collected in a clearinsr formed
in an old wet jungle near seashore of Gorgona Island, "11-7-24," is
Ruellia gorgonensis probably related to R. putumayensis which
is , 4
it rather closely resembles. The leaf blades of R. putumayensis,

however, are elliptic rat^ and
striped with lilac.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES
Dipteracanthus leucanthus Nees in Benth. PI. Hartweg. 236. 1846. Type col-
lected at Guaduas, Province of Cundinamarca, Colombia. Represented in the
U. S. National Herbarium by a photograph (Field Mus. No. 26597). This
appears to be Ruellia tuhijlora 11. B. K.
14. TELIOSTACHYA Nees

The synonym Lepidagathis Willd., given on page 112, is to be
deleted. It is a valid genus. The intention above was Lepidagathis
sensu auctt. plur., non Willd.
2. Teliostachya lanceolata Nees. (Page 114.)

Meta: Rich soil of damp rocky woods on the banks of the Rio Guatiquia in
the vicinity of Villavicencio, Araque-M. & Barkley 18M.054 (US).
2a. Teliostachya lanceolata Nees var. crispa Nees. (Page 114.)
Meta: On stones on the bank of the Rio Guapaya, Sierra de la Macarcna,
Philipson, Idroho & Fern&ndez 1627a (BM).
3. Teliostachya pelraea Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 114.) Figure 253

Herba, cauhbus crcctis, basi decumbentibus, in nodis radicantibus,
quadrangularibus, glabris vcl aliquanto parce strigosis, intcrnodiis
foliorum
ma
Integra, glabra vel pilis paucis pracdita, supra obscure squamosa.
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, ;
III 697
cystolithis obscuris; spicae terminales cylindricae vel anguste ovoideae,

densae; bracteae lanceolatae vel oblanceolatae, acutae, glabrae vel
parce puberulae, pilis aliquis glandulosis; bracteolae lineari-lance-
puberulae lulosis, costaprominente; calycis
Dsterius anguste oblongo-ovatum,
puberulum, pilis glandulosis^ costa ct nervis lateral-
aristatunij parcc
ibus prominentibus, segmenta anteriora et lateralia lineari-oblonga,
costa et nervis prominentibus, parce puberulis, pilis panels glandulosis;
rhacbis hirtella, pilis acutis ct
glandulosis intermixtis; corolla parva,
alba, glabra, labio superiore oblongo, apice emarginato, labio inferiore
ft
Figure 253, — Tdiostachya Leonard {Schulus y Cabrera 15342): ^, Tip of plant;

petraea
b, portion of uppermost internode enlarged to show glandular pubescence; c, calyx;
rfj bract; e, bractlet. {a, Natural size; J, 40 times natural size; c~e^ 4 times natural
size.)
3-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina inclusa; capsulae cylindricae,

acutae, apice puberulae; scmina plana, subbrunnea, glabra*
Herbs up cm, high; stems erect from procumbent rooting
to 20
bascSj quadrangular, up to 1.25 mm. in diameter^ glabrous or sparingly
strigose (the hah's up to 0.4 mm.
long and upwardly appresscd)
except the internode immediately below the spike, this, in addition
to the appresscd acute hairs, more or less densely glandular-puberulent,
the glandular hairs spreading and up to 0,13 mm, long; leaf blades
lanceolate, up to 15 mm.
long and 8 mm. wide (averaging 5 mm. in
width), obtuse at tip, cuneate at the base and decurrent on the petiole,
rather firm, entire, glabrous or bearing a few scattered ascending
hairs, the upper surface obscurely squamose, the costa and lateral
388179—57- 25
698 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM TflE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
veins (4 or 6 paii's) barely prominent, the cystoliths obscure; spikes

terminal, up cm. long and 1 cm. broad, cylindric or narrowly
to 3.5
ovoid, usually rounded at tip^ dense, the flowers sohtary or in pairs,
the lowermost 1 or 2 nodes subtended by leaves, the others by bracts,
these lanceolate or oblanceolate, about 5 mm, long and 0.75 mm,
wide, firm, acute, glabrous or sparingly pnberulous, the costa and
lateral pair of nerves prominent; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 3.5 mm.
long, 0.25 mm. wide, acute, sparingly glandular-puberulent, the hairs
spreading or ascending, up to 0.11 mm. long; calyx segments unequal,
the posterior segment narrowly oblong-ovate, 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide, aristate, the awns about 1 mm. long, sparingly glandular-
puberulent, the hairs similar to those of the bracts and bractlets, the
costa and 2 pairs of lateral nerves prominent, the anterior and lateral
segments (the anterior segments connate at base) linear-oblong, 5 mm.
long, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide, acute and minutely aristate, the costa and
a pair of lateral nerves prominent, the pubescence similar to that of
the posterior segment, the rachis hirtellous with a mixture of glandular
and acute spreading or ascending hairs up to 0.16 mm. long; corolla
white, glabrous, 6 to 7 mm. long, the upper lip oblong, 4.5 mm. long,
1,25 mm. wide at base, minutely bilobed at tip, the lower lip 3.5 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide, 3-lobed, the lobes suborbicular, the middle lobe
L5 mm. in diameter, the lateral pair about 1 mm.; capsules cylindric,
acute, puberulous at tip, otherwise glabrous, 4 mm. long, 1 mm.
broad, about 0.5 mm. thick; retinacula 0.5 mm. long; seed lenticular,
light brown, glabrous, about 1 mm. broad and long.
quartzite rocks of falls at Randal Yayacopi (La Playa), Rio Apaporis,
Amazonas-Vaupes, '^800 feet" altitude, February 15, 1952, by Richard
Evans Schultes and Isidoro Cabrera (No. 15342).
Teliostachya petraea, when compared with other species of the
genus, can be easily separated by its glandular pubescence. The
specific epithet is from the Greek irerpalos, living on rocks.
PART II
15. NERIACANTHUS Benth.
S. Moore (Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 65: 221. 1927) reduced the genus
Neriacanthns to Salpinxantha'H-OokoT (Bot. Mag. Curtis j?^. 4158. 1845),
but I am inclined to regard the two as distinct, Neriacanthns has
dense spikes with largo, closely imbricated, ascending bracts, and
corollas with narrow tubes abruptly expanding into a rather con-
spicuous limb. These characters contrast strongly with those of
Salpinxantha, which has loose spikes with distant spreading flowers
subtended by minute bracts, and corollas with gradually expanded

tubes and relatively small lobes, whicb do not form a sharply dif-
ferentiated limb,
2. Neriacanthus lehmannianiis (Lindau) Lindau. (Page 124.)

In the note on page 123 regarding the type of Neriacanthus lehmannianus
Lindau, I quoted Lindau in saying that Lehmann 7852 came from Ecuador; this
type collection was actually from Colombia, from the Andes west of Cali, in the
Department of El Valle, as cited below.
Cauca: Headwaters of the Rio Pinche, west of Argelia, Core 1324 (US).
Timbiquf, upper Rfo Maiiglii, Lehmann B. T. 449 (K), In dense forest, no
further data. Core 1322*
El Valle: Forest above La Cumbre, Pennell & Killip 5789 (K). San Antonio,
Lehmann 2966 (K). Dense damp forest on the watershed of the west Andes of
Cali, Lehmann 7852 (K), Scmishade in rainforest above Cali, Sandeman 140
Without locality: Langlassi 44 (K).
16. STENANDRIUM Nees
3. Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Ness. (Page 127.)
Cundinamarca: La Boca del Monte, on the western edge of the highland of

Bogotd, Lehmann 6442 (K). Facatativ^, AndrS 665 (K),
4. Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees. (Page 127.) Figure 254

Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 284. 1847. Type collected
at '*Atures, Maypures" by Humboldt, Atures is on the east bank of the
Rfo Orinoco and in Territorio Federal of Amazonas, Venezuela, but Maypures
is located on the west bank several miles south of Atures in the Comisaria,
of Vichada in Colombia. Thus the exact type locality is uncertain.
Emended description: SufFrutescent herbs up to 30 cm- high;

stems woody at base, 5 mm. in diameter (the internodes 1 to 2.5 cm,
long), decumbent; pilose, the upper part densely so, the hairs spreading,
about 1.5 mm. long; leaf blades oblong, up to 20 cm, long and 6.6 cm.
wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself subacute), long-cuneate
at base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, both surfaces
rather densely pilose, the hairs ascending, up to 1.25 mm. long, the
costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs) moderately prominent beneath,
less so above, the cystoliths not apparent; petioles (unwinged portion)
up to 3 cm. long, pilose; flowers borne in axillary spikes 3 to 4 cm.
long, becoming 6 to 8 cm. long at maturity, the spikes solitary or in
3^s,the lateral pair branching from the lowermost node of the spike
and shorter than the central spike, the peduncles up to 25 cm. long,
somewhat flattened toward tip, the pubescence moderately dense,
consisting of a mixture of long acute hairs up to 1 mm. long, minute
acute hairs up to 0.13 mm,
long and slender gland-tipped ones up to
0.32 mm. long, all more or less spreading, the pubescence of the rachis
similar to that of the peduncles, the lowermost internode of the spike
—
up to 14 mm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tip of
the spike, the lowermost pair of bracts lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1,5
mm, wide, the others similar in size but progressively smaller toward
tip of spike, all entire, acute (the tip itself blunt), the pubescence
similar to that of the peduncle, but with a predominance of the longer
acute hairs on the costa of the lower surface, the costa flanked by
Figure 254» Stenandrium humholdtianum Nees {Exvan 15622): a, Node with a leaf and
flower branch; J, portion of peduncle enlarged to show pubescence; r, one of the lower-
most bracts; J, bractlet; e, calyx;/, corolla; g^ capsule valve; h, retinaculum; t, seed.
(^, Half natural size; J, about 30 times natural size; c~e^ about 3 times natural size;
/, V/i times natural size; g, about twice natural size; A, 10 times natural size; t, 5
times natural size-)
several pau's of promment parallel nerves, the bractlets lanceolate,

2.5 mm. long, 0,75 mm, wide, acute, entire, puberiilous; calyx regular,
about 4 mm. long, the segments lance-subulate, about 1.5 mm. -wade
near base, gradually narrowed to a sharp apex, rigid, erect, strongly
ciliolate near tip, conspicuously parallel-nerved dorsally; corolla
glabrous, bright pink (Ewan), up to 18 mm. long, the tube narrowly
cylindrical, 15 mm, long, 2.25 mm. broad at base, rather abruptly
narrowed to 1 mm. just above base, expanding at throat to about 2
mm., the lobes subequal, obcordate, 6 mm. long, 5.5 mm. wide,
rounded and emarginate at tip: stamens included; capsules ovoid

mm. lone:, 4 mm. broad. 2 mm
bearing several irregular purple spots near tip of each valve; retinacula
mm
base, 3 mm, lone:. 2.5 mm. wide, 075 mm
obscurely and minutely papillose.
Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees is definitely caulescent, even
though Nees starts his description with the word ''acaule/' The
photograph of Humboldt's specimen in the Berlin Herbarium, the
specimen cited by Nees, shows, in addition to a flowering tip of a
stem (about 6 cm, long) with a pair of attached
leaves.
Cundinamarca: On moist shaded slope beneath trees in the valley of Quebrada

Chiniata, 7 km. east of Hilo, 2,430 meters altitude, May 1, 1944, Ewan 15622
(Tulane University Herb., US). La Maria, between the Quebradas
and La Victoria, Garcla-Barriga 12595 (Col).
17. APHELANDRA R. Br.
L Aphelandra runcinata Klotzsch, (Pago 1350
Antioquia: vUto de Santa Elena, Medellln, Uribe-Uribe 1857 (US), Quebrada

Naranjal, tributary of the Rio Anres, Cordillera Central, Ewan 15732 (US).
Cundinamakca: Rocky massif east of Santandercito, Uribe-Uribe 2115 (US).
Without locality; Purdie (K).
3a. Aphelandra granger! Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 139.) Figure 255
Suffrutex spinosus, caulibus subteretibus, deorsum glabris, sursum

puberulis, pilis plus minusve appressis; lamina foliorum oblongo-
elliptica vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice acuta vel subacuta, basi obtusa
vel rotundata, glabra, supra nitida, coriacea, serrato-dentata, dentibus
triangularibus, spina acuta terminatis, subtus costa et venis promi-
nentibus, supra obscuris; petioli breves, parce puberuli; bracteae
interpetiolares parvae, rhombicae^ integrae vel dentatae, spinosae;
spicae terminates rhache dense puberula bracteae foliis
sessiles, ;
similes sed minores; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, costa spina

terminata, glabrae vel parce puberulae, ciliatae; calycis segmenta
lanceolata, acuminata, apice spina terminata, glabra vel parce pube-
rula, conspicue ciliata, costa prominente, nervis latcralibus pluribus;
corolla dense pubescens, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, leviter
ventricoso, labio superiore erecto, lincari, apice bilobato, lobis oblongis,
rotundatis et emarginatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis suborbicula-
ribus; stamina vix exserta, antheris glabris, apice arachnoideis, fila-
mentis basi minute pilosis^ sursum glabris; ovarium glabrum.
Shrubs; stems glabrous, subterete, their tips puberulous, the

mm
3blong-lanceolate, up to 9 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, acut(
B, rounded or obtuse at base, glabrous, nitid above, coria

marsîns serrate-dentate, the teeth triangular, 2 to 5 mm
high, terminating in sharp spmes up to 3 mm
lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs) prominent ben( obscure above;
petioles up to 3 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the
Figure 255. Leaf.
c, bract; J, bractlet; e^ one of the calyx segments;/, anther, (a, Natural size; J, two-
thirds natural size; r, V/z times natural size; i^ e, twice natural size;/, 5}^ times natural
size.)
bail's similar to those of the stems; interpctiolar bracts small, rhombic

or suborbicular, up to 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, tipped by a
spine about 1,25 mm.
sometimes bearing a pair of lateral spines
long,
about 0,5 mm. long; flowers borne in terminal spikes up to 3.5 cm.
long and 1.5 cm. broad (the corollas excluded), sessile, the rachis
densely puberulous, the hairs similar to those of the stems, the lower-
most internode up to 8 mm, long, the others successively shorter
toward the tip of the spike; bracts resembling the leaf blades but
smaller, the lowermost about 3 cm. long and 10 mm, wide, the other
successively smaller toward tip of spike; bractlets lanceolate, up to
9 mm. long and L5 mm. wide near the base, slenderly acuminate,
terminating in a spine about 1.5 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly
pubcrulous, except the margins, these ciliate, the hairs more or less
spreading, up to 0.5 mm. long; calyx segments lanceolate, 9 mm. long,
3 mm. wide near base, acuminate, terminated by a sharp spine about
0.5 to 1 mm. long, glabrous or bearing a few minute dorsal hairs, the
margins densely ciliate, the hairs more or less spreading, about 0.5
mm. long, the costa prominent, the lateral nerves numerous and rather
prominent; corolla 4 cm. long, rather densely pubescent, the hairs
spreading, up to 0.25 mm. long, the corolla tube 3 mm. broad at base,
enlarged to 4 mm. just above the base, then narrowed to 3 mm. at 1
cm. above base, thence enlarged to 7,5 mm. at throat, the upper lip
becoming about 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, bilobed at tip,
erect, linear,
the lobes oblong, about 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, rounded and
emarginate at tip, the lower lip divided to base into 3 suborbicular
lobes, these 4 mm, long and 3.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens reaching
the throat of the corolla, the anthers 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad,
glabrous, the filaments minutely pilose at base, glabrous above;
style 3.5 cm. long, glabrous, the stigma cupular and fimbriate; ovary
Type U. S. National Herbarium, No, 2045423, collected on
in the
the Tinea Las Mercedes, near Silvia, Department of Cauca, Colombia,
3,300 meters altitude, 1943, hy J. S. Granger and C. Rodriguez-A.
(No. 10). Isotype: US.
Aphelandra grangeri is related to A. euopla, which it closely re-
sembles, but from which it can, however, be readily separated by its
strongly ciliated calyx segments and bractlets. In A, euopla these
are at most only very sparingly ciliate. The color of the corolla is
not apparent in the dried material*
4, Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard. (Page 140.)
Emended description: Corolla yellow, densely pubescent (the
hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, more or less spreading), up to 5.5 cm. long
from base to tip of upper lip, the tube funnelform, slightly ventricose,
6 mm. broad at base, narrowed gradually to about 4 mm. near the
middle, thence enlarged to 1 cm. at mouth, the upper lip erect, 2 to
2,5 cm. long, 6 mm. Avide at base, 1 cm. wide at base of the 2 lobes,
these obovate, about 8 mm, long, 7 to 8 mm. wide near tip, rounded,
the lower lip more or less spreading, divided nearly to base into 3
obovate lobes 8 to 9 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, rounded, the longer
pair of stamens reaching nearly to tip of the upper lip, the anthers
of both pairs linear^ about 7 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, these and the
filaments glabrous.
Huila: Ravine temponito forest, between Hacienda Balsillitas, Meta, and Kl
in
Cedral, '^9000 ft/' altitude, June 16, 1944, Elbert L. Little 8030 (US). Moist wet
soil of temperate forest at Hacienda Pensilvdnica, 15 km. east of Baraya, Cordil-
lera Oriental, '^8100 ft/' altitude, June 24, 1944, Elbert L. Little No. 8135 (US)
4a. Aphelandra gilva Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 142.) Figure 250.
Frutcx, caulibus subquadrangularibuSj glabris vcl sursum sub-

strigosis, pilis fere appressis; lamina foliorum late oblongo-lanccohita,
apice acutaj basi angustata, incisa, lobis triangularibus, ascondontibus,
marginibus serratis, apicc spina acuta fulva armatis^ supra glabra
vel parce hirtella, pihs praecipue in costa et vcnis positisj subtus
aliquanto dense hirtellaj costa et vcnis latcralibus ct venulis crassc
reticulatis utrinque aliquanto promincntibus; petioli crassi, parco
hirtelli; bracteae interpetiolares flabelliformes, spinis 4-7, acutis
fulvis armatae, bracteis et spinis deorsum parco hirtellis, spinis
apice vcrnicosis spicae (maturac) longae tcrminales, solitariae,
;
angustae, deorsum plus minusvc laxae, rhache hirtella, pilis appressis

vel ascendentibus; bracteae lanceolatac, graciUter acutae, apice
recurvatae (maturae), marginibus serratae, dentibus ct apicc spinis
armatao, glabrae vel parce hirtellae; bracteolac lanceolatae, apice
graciliter acutae, apice spina terminatae, intcgrao, minute ciliatac,
glabrae vel parce hirtellae; calycis segmentalanceolata, acuta, gracili-
ter pubcrula et ciliolata, chartacca; corolla gilva, basi glabra vel
parce hirtella, sursum dense tomentosa, pilis fulvis, labio supcriore
erecto vel leviter recurvato, obovato, bilobato, lobis ovatis, rotund-
atis, labio inferiore ascendente vel rccurvato (maturo), profunde
trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus, rotundatis; stamina vix exscrta,
antheris glabris, filamentis glabris vel basi parce pilosis; ovarium
glabrum.
Shrubs; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or the upper portions
hirtellous, the hairs for the most part closely appresscd, up to 0.7
mm. long; leaf blades broadly oblong-lanceolate in outline, up to 30
cm. long and 10 cm. wide (from tip to tip of lobes) acute at apex, ^
terminating in a jêllowish spine 1.5 mm, long, gradually narrowed

from middle to a cuneate base, deeply incised, the lobes triangular,
ascending, up to 4 cm. long and 3,5 cm. wide at base, acute and ter*
minated by spines up to 5 mm. long, the entire margin irregularly
serrate, the teeth triangular, the larger ones about 4 mm, long and
6 mm. wide, all terminated by sliarp yellowish spines 1 to 4 mm. long,
the upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the hau's up to
0.5 mm. long, confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins (about
12 pairs), the lower surface drying light brownish, more densely
—
hirtellous, the hairs about 0.5 mm, long, confined mostly to the costa,
veins and veinlets, the latter coarsely reticulate, the hairs interspersed
with scattered small glandular particleSj the venation rather promi-
nent beneath, less so above; petioles up to 2.5 cm, long and 3 mm.
thick, sparingly hirtellous; interpetiolar bracts flabelliform, armed
with 4 to 7 sharp ascending yellowish spines, the lowermost 1.5 mm.
Figure 256. AphclandraLeonard {Ewan 16501) a, Lower half of leaf blade; h^ uppei
gilva r
half of same; c, lowermost node of spike; d, interpcUolar bract; e, bractlct; /, calyx

segment; g, corolla; A, upper lip of corolla; i, anther, {a, b. Half natural size; c, Ji
natural size; d, 6 times natural size; e, 3 times natural size;/, 3^ times natural size;
g, h, 1}^ times natural size; i, 3 times natural size.)
long, the others increasing in length to 13 mm. for the middle one,
the surface of the bracts sparingly hirtellous except the glabrous
varnished tip of the spines; spikes terminal, solitar}'", up to 30 cm.
long at maturit}^^ about 3 cm. broad, more or less lax toward base,
the rachis hirtellous with ascending or apprcssed hairs up to 0.5 mm<
long; bracts (mature) lanceolate, 2 cm. long, 4 mm, wide, slenderly
acute, terminated by a spine about 1 mm, long, the tip recurved at
maturity, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the margins armed with

spine-tipped teeth, the spines from 1 to 3 mm. long; bractlets lanceo- J
late, 8 mm, long, 2.5 mm,

wide near base, gradually narrowed to a
slender tip, terminated by a spine 0.5 mm, long, tlie margins entire
and minutely ciliolate, the surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous;
calyx segments lanceolate, 1 cm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, acute, finely
puberulous and ciliolate, chartaceous corolla pale cream-yellow
;
(Ewan), about 3 cm. long, the tube densely yellowish-tomentose ex-

cept the basal portion, this glabrous or sparingly hirtellous with ap-
pressed hairs, the base 5 mm. broad, the mouth 6 mm. broad, the
upper lip erect or slightly recurved, obovate, 1 cm. long, 5 mm, wide
at base, 8 mm. wide near tip, bilobed, the lobes ovate, rounded, the
lower lip ascending, or recurved at maturity, 5 mm. long, 3-lobed,
the lateral lobes 4 mm. long and broad, the middle one somewhat
smaller, all rounded; stamens reaching or slightly exceeding the upper
lip of the corolla, the anthers 7.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, rounded at
each end, glabrous; filaments glabrous except a few small hairs at base;
a heavy thicket near Rio Tellez, in the vicinity of Funes, Cordillera
Oriental, Department of Narino, Colombia, 2,600 meters altitude,
December 1, 1944, by Joseph A, Ewan (No, 1G501). Isotype: US
2144296,
Aphelandra A. porphyrocarpaj but distinct from
gilva is close to
this species in its acute calyx segments and incised leaf blades. In
A. porphyrocarpa the calyx segments are rounded, mucronate and
dentate at tip, and the leaf blades are shallowly incised. The specific
epithet gilva, pale yellow, alludes to the color of the corolla,
5. Aphelandra acanthus Nees. (Page 143.)

Cauca: Forests TumbOj von Sneidern 1512 (S).
of El
Nari^ô: Sparsely wooded brushy ravine, Quebrada Panacualj 8 kilometers
south of Piedrancha, Rio Guabo drainage, Fosherg 21113 (US),
Tolima: Quindio, Holton 592 (K, NY); Purdie (K), Rosahto to MuriUo, in
forest, Pennell 3132 (NY).
Without locality: Purdie (K).
7, Aphelandra huilensis Leonard. (Page 147.)
Tolima: Rfo Hereje, near Albania, 2,000 meters altitude, November 20, 1944,
Core 1619 (US).
11, Aphelandra crispata Leonard. (Page 152.)

PuTUMAYo: Mocoa and vicinity, Schultes & Cabrera 19093 bis.
15, Aphelandra botanodes Leonard. (Page 157.)

The type can be identified a little more definitely; it bears the
annotation "N. g. post 80 Lagochilium, no. 5/' which refers to the
Triana catalog, a typescript of which is in the possession of Dr.
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III /O/
Cuatrccasas. This annotation indicates that Triana considered this

plant to belong to a new genus to be inserted after Acanthaceae genus
No. 80 [Lagochilium]; the "no. 5" indicates the species, which is
actually in the catalog No. 5 of Lagochilium. The Triana specimen
from San Pablo cited above as possibl}^ the same species is Lagochilium
No. 6 of the catalog.
15a. Aphelandra andrei Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 157.) Fioxjre 257
Herba, caulibus ascendcntibus, basi in nodis radicantibus, aliquanto

dense hirsutis, pilis appressis vcl ascendcntibus; lamina foliorum
oblonga, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata,
aliauanto membranacea. intesra, utrinque pile
vel subapp pilosi; inflorescentia terminalis, trifurcata,
„^„_„ plus minusve

gracili, dense piloso, pUis sub-
^ ^ ^
appressis vel patulis, pedunculis secundariis quam spicis brevioribus,

dense pilosis, rhacho dense hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus, albidis;
bracteae oblongae, apice acutae, basi angustatae, membranaceae,
integrae, utrinque hirtellae, pilis ascendentibus, marginibus ciliatae,
costa et nervis lateralibus gracilibus; bracteolae anguste lineares,
apice acuminatae, acutae, extus sursum dense pilosae, iutus glabrae,
striato-nervatae; calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata, acuta, apice
minute puberula, deorsum glabra, striata-ncrvata; corolla deorsum
glabra, sursum aliquanto pubescens, pilis plus minusve curvatis,
infundibuliformi
lobis suborbicularibus emarginatis, labio inferiore 3-lobato, lobis
obcordatis; stamina vix exscrta; ovarium apice hirsutum, deorsum

glabrum.
Herbs up cm.
to 30 high, the stems ascending, rooting at the lower
nodes, rather densely hirsute, the hairs close and upwardly appresscd
or on the upper portions of the stem ascending, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong, up to 8 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base, rather thin, entire, both
surfaces moderately pilose, the hairs ascending to subappressed,
about 0.75 mm. long; petioles slender, up to 4 cm. long, more or less
pilose; spikes in 3's terminating a slender peduncle 7 cm. long, this
rather densely pilose with hairs 0.75 mm. long, some of them more or
less spreading, others appressed, each spike about 1.5 cm. long and
1 cm. broad, borne on secondary densely pilose peduncles up to 7 mm.
long, the three spikes subtended by a pair of small leaves 18 mm. long
and 8 mm. wide, subobtusc and narrowed at base to a winged petiole
mm. lona:. the pubescence that of the stem

mm
mm. Ions and 4 mm
rowed at base, thin, entire, both surfaces hirtellous, the hairs up to
—
0.5 mm. long, mostly ascending, the margins ciliate, the costa and
1 or 2 pairs of lateral nerves slender; bractlets narrowly linear, 5.5
mm. mm.
wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip,
long, 0.5
the outer surface pilose, densely so toward the tip, the inner surface
glabrous, striate-nerved calyx segments narrowly lanceolate, acute,
;
0.75 mm. wide, striate-nerved, minutely pubcrulous toward the tip;

corolla 18 mm. long, the lower half glabrous or nearly so, the upper
half rather densely pubescent, the hairs up to 0.28 mm. long, more or
less curved, ascending, the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, enlarged over
Figure 257. Aphelandra andrei Leonard {Andre 4661) a, Tip of plant; ft, bract; c, bractlet;
:
if, calyx segment; e, ovary; /, lower lip of corolla; g, upper lip of same, {a, Half
natural size; h-d, 2% times natural size; e, 6 times natural size;/, g, .1 times natural
size.)
ovary to 2 mm,, then narrowed to 1.25 mm., thence gradually enlarged

to 4 mm. at mouth, the upper lip about 3 mm. long and 4 mm. wide,
bilobed, the lobes 2 mm. long and wide, rounded and emarginate at
tip,the lower lip 4 mm. long, 3-lobed, the lobes obcordate, 2 mm. long
and wide, emarginate; stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla tube;
ovary glabrous except the hirsute tip; capsules not seen.
Type in the Kcw Herbarium, collected in shade of virgin forests at
San Ignacio, "Cordillera Orientalis Bogotensis," Colombia, January
1876 by Edouard Andre (No. 4661).
Aphelandra andrei belongs to the Lagochilium group of Nees, plants
midway between Stenandrium and Aphelandra. It is probabl}- near-
est to A. botanodes, as indicated by its small size, herbaceous habit,
and trifurcate inflorescences of 3 small spikes. It differs strikingly.
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBU, lU 709
however, from that species in its rather densely hirsute stems and
entire bracts.
16a. Aphelandra quadrifaria Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 158.) Figure 258
Herba, caiilibus erectis vel asccndcntibns, subteretibus, dense
antrorse strigosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice subobtiisa,
basi cuneata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, Integra vel
undulata, parce hirsuta, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus, praecipue
m
terminahs, pedunculis d
bracteae conspicuae, subchartaceae, ovatae, apice acutae
strigillosis;
et apiculatae, glabrae, deorsum integrae, sursum serratae, costa et

venis et venulosis crasse et conspicue reticulatis prominentibus;
bracteolae lanceolatae, subhyalinae, subchartaceae, acuminatae, car-
inatae, minute obscure striato-nervatae; calycis segmenta
ciliolatae,
lanceolata, subhyalina, subchartacea, acuta, apice spincscentia, glabra
vel inconspicuc ciliolata, graciliter striato-nervata; corolla flava, parce
et minute hirtella, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore cuneato,
bilobato, lobis rotundatis, labio inferioro 3-lobato, lobis rotundatis;
stamina vix cxserta, anthcris glabris, apice arachnoideis, filamentis
parce pilosis; ovarium glabrum.
Herbs up to 35 cm. long; stems suberect or ascending, subterete,
strigose, the haii^s upwardly directed, up to 0.25 mm. long, the
intcrnodes up to 5 cm, long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 10 cm.
long and 4.5 cm. wide, subobtuse at tip, cuneate at base and decurrent
m
mm
to costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs), these and the coarsely
reticulate veinlets moderately prominent beneath, obscure above;
petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, appressed-hirtellous, the hairs resembling
those on the stem; spikes teiminal, up to 3 cm. long and L5 to 2 cm.
broad (excluding spread of corollas), the peduncles about 2 mm. long,
rlpTisplv sprir.pniis^RtnVose. thp bracts auadrifarious. subchartaceous,
mm. loner and 10 mm

entire, theupper half serrate, the teeth (about 5) ascending, abruptly
acuminate from a broad base, about 1 mm. long, the tip of the bracts
acute and apiculate, the base broadly cuneate, both surfaces glabrous,
the costa and 1 or 2 pairs of lateral nerves prominent; veinlets coarsely
and prominently reticulate; bractlets lanceolate, subhyaline, sub-
chartaceous. 4.5 mm. loner. 0.75 mm, wide iust above base, acuminate,
minu
and bearing a few small hairs; calyx segments lanceolate, 7 mm
subchartaceous and subhyaline, acute and terminating in weak
about 1 mm. long, glabrous or inconspicuoudy ciliolate, deli
striate-nerved, the posterior segment about 2 mm, wide, the
—
segments 1 mm. wide, the anterior ones 1.5 mm. wide; corolla yellow,
sparingly and minutely hirtellous, 2 cm. long, the tube 2 mm. wide at
base, narrowed to 1.25 mm. at 2 mm. above base, the throat 4 to 5 mm.
broad, the lips ascending, about equal, 6 to 7 mm. long, the upper
lip cuncate, about 6 mm. wide near tip, bilobed, the lobes 3 mm. long,
3.5 mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes obovate, about
5 mm. long, the middle one 6 mm. wide, the lateral ones 3.5 mm. wide,
all rounded; stamens slightly exserted but not exceeding the lips,
Figure 258. Aphdandra quadrifaria Leonard [Grant 9811): a, Tip of plant; b, bract; c,
bractlct; d, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the anterior segmcntr.; one of the
/,
lateral segments; g, upper Up of the corolla; A, lower lip. -/.
3 times natural size; g, A, about twice natural size,)
achnoid cohering tips, the fdaments

sparingly pilose; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
m
subtropical forest in the San Antonio Valley, 15 km
Gutierrez and 60 km. south of Bogota, Cordillera Oriental, Depart-
ment of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1,575 meters altitude, August 2,
1944, by Martin L. Grant (No. 9811). Isot3^pe: US 2144013.
The nearest relative of Aphelandra q ^y- seems to be A.
silvicola, which it superficiallv resembles. That species has variegated
leaves and smaller bracts, these rather densely and softly appressed-
pubescent and with fewer teeth on their margins. The specific
epithet alludes to the 4-ranked bracts of the spikes.
Kalbreyer's No. 1849, collected in forest shade on the Rio Verde,
Department of Antioquia, 4,500-5,000 feet altitude, June 27, 1880, is
also of this species. The following notes are on the Kalbreyer sheet:
"4-12 inch stem, repent, If. glossy green, thin; fl. bright yellow with
purple veinlets."
16b. Aphelandra fosbergii Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 158.) Figure 259
Herba, caulibus subteretibus, ascendentibus, nodis infimis radicanti-
bus, hu-sutis, pilis ascendentibus vel appressis, subbrunneis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice brcviter acuminata (apice ipso
subacute), basi angustata in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma,
integra vel undulata, utrinque hirsuta, pilis subappressis vel as-
Figure 259. Leonard a, Tip of plant; i, bract;
f, bractlet; d, calyx segment; e, upper portion of corolla- (a, Half natural size; b-d,
twice natural size; r, slightly over natural size.)
prominenti
termiii
acumma
taCj intusglabrae vel basi parcc hirsutae, extus hirsutac, pilis praecipue
in costa et venis positis, ciliatae; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae,
striato-nervatao, intus glabrae, extus hirsutae, pilis ascendentibus;
calycis :menta anguste lanceolata, sursum hirsuta et ciliata,
deorsum glabra; corolla rosea, parce et minute pubescens, tube
anguste liypocratcriformi, labiis subaequalibus, ascendentibus, labio
superioro obcordato, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus,
rotundatis: stamina inclusa: ovarium glabrum.
Herbs up to 30cm. high; stems subtcretc, ascending, rooting at

tlie lower nodes, hirsute, the hairs ascending or spreading, light
mm
acuminate (the tip itself subacute)
rowed at base and decun-cnt on the petiole, moderately finn, entire
or undulate, both surfaces hirsute, the hairs up to 1.25 mm. long,
ascending or subappresscd, light brownish, the costa and lateral veins
beneath (hidden somewhat
pub
similar to those of the stem; spikes terminal, solitary, about
1,5 cm. long and broad, the rachis densely brownlsli pilose; bracts
mm
mm
and bearing about 4 slender ascending teeth up to (the lowermost)
4 mm. long, the upper or inner surface glabrous or sparingly hirsute
at base, the lower or outer surface hirsute, the hairs mostly borne
in the costal region but diminishing toMârd the margins; bractlets
narrowly lanceolate, 12.5 mm, long, 0.75 mm
mm
segments
the upper half hirsute and ciliate, the lower half glabrous, in other
mmu
form, the lower part
mm. broad, the mouth 2.5 mm
mm
mm
mm, wide, the lateral 3 mm
stamens
L5 mm. straiglit erect vvdiite
mm
Herb
temperate forest at San Isidro, 8 km. south of Gachala, Cordillera
Oriental, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,450 meters
altitude, May 20, 1944, by Martin L. Grant and F. R. Fosberg
(No. 9319),
Aphelandm fosbergli is nearest A. silvicola. In that species,
however, the leaf blades have colored veins and the teeth of the
bracts arc all low instead of sliarp and slender.
20a. Aphclandra phalacra Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 1G6.) Figure 2G0
Herba, caulibus ascendentil)us, subquadrangularibus; folia reflexa,
lamina foliorum oblonga, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso vel
rotundato), basi angustata, glabra; spica terminalis sessilis; rhachis
glabra; bractcac ereclac vel ascendentes, lanceolatae, glabrae vel
minute et inconspicue papilloso-puberulae, costa et nervis lateralibus
,tT V
consplcuis; Lracteolae paucae, subiilatae, carinatac, glabrae; calycis

segmenta lanceolata, aciiminataj apice tenuia, glabra, striato-nervata,
costa prominente; corolla pubescens, pilis plus minusve paten tibus;
stamina vix exserta; ovarium glabrum vel apice minute hirsutum*
Herbs; stems ascending, subquadrangular, glabrous; leaves reflex ed,
the blades oblong, up to 8 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, short-acuminate,
(the tip itself obtuse or rounded), narrowed at base, glabrous; petioles
up to 2 cm. long, glabrous; spike solitary, terminal, sessile, 5 cm.
FicuKE 260.— A pkelandr a fhalacra Leonard (Jervise s. n,): ^, Tip of plant; i, bract; c,
bractlet; d, calyx segment; f, ovary, (a, Half natural size, b-dy twice natural size; e, 3
mm
cm, lone:, 6.25 mm,
wide near the middle, 3 mm
at base, minutely dentate, glabrous or very mmu and mcon-
spicuously papillose, puberulous, the costa and a pair of lateral
nerves prominent, several additional pairs less so; bractlets subulate,
4 mm. long, 0,25 mm. wide at base, carinate, the costa prominent,
glabrous; calyx segments lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide
at base, narrowed to a fine slender tip, glabrous, the costa prominent^
388179—57 26
striate-ncrved; corolla pubescent, the hairs up to 0.2 mm, long, more

or less spreading, the tube about 2 mm.
broad at base, 5 mm. broad
at mouth; stamens slightly exserted, glabrous at least above; ovary
Type in the Kow Herbarium, collected in Antioquia, Colombia, by
W. Jcrvise.
Aphelandra phalacra is very closely related to A, lonchochlamys
and may be merely a form of that species. It differs in being strictly
glabrous in all parts except for a very minute and inconspicuous
papillar pubcrulonce sometimes present on the bracts. The leaf
blades are relatively shorter and broader.
The specific epithet is from the Greek âXa^pos, meaning smooth.
The flowers are too poorly preserved to describe the lips; their
color is not apparent in the dried material,
27. Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard. (Page 178.)
Meta: Dense humid forest of Plaza Bonita, Sierra de la Macarena, 400 meters
altitude, November 14, 1949, Philipsonj Idrobo & Fernandez 1419 (BM).
28. Aphelandra lasia Leonard. (Page 18L)

Cundinamarca: Woods east of Guaduas, 1,100 meters altitude, June 1952,
Uribe-Uribe 2337 (US).
30. Aphelandra deppeana Schlecht. & Cham. (Page 185.)

Meta: Woods along the Rfo Casanare, at Esmeralda, Cualrecams 3810 (Col).
Vaup^s: Calamar, on the Rfo Unilla, Cuatrecasas 7339 (Col).
34a. Aphelandra diachyla Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 191,) Figure 261
Herba, caulibus glabris subquadrangularibus ; lamina foliorum
oblanceolata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso rotundato), basi an-
gustata^ costa et venis aliqiianto obscuris, cystolithis obscuris vel
nullis ;
petioli racemi terminales vel subtcrminales, laxi,
glabri ;
pedunculo longo, glabro, rhachibus parce et minute hirtcllis, floribus

sessilibus; bractcac oblanceolataej acutae (apice ipso obtuso), glabrae,
venis obscuris; bracteolae anguste triangulares, parvae, glabrae,
venis obscuris; calycis segmenta lanceolata, apice acuta, striato-
nervata, apice minute et parcc hirtella ct ciliolata; corolla glabra,
tubo angusto, lobis obovatis, apice obtusis; stamina inclusa; ovarium
glabrum.
Herbs; stems glabrous, subquadrangular; leaf blades oblanceolate,
up to 21 cm. long and 5.8 cm, wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself
1 mm. wide and rounded), gradually narrowed from above middle to
base, moderately firm, entire, both sides glabrous, the costa and veins
(8 to 10 pairs) scarcely prominent, cystoliths obscure or lacking;
petioles up to 15 mm, long and 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous; panicles
terminal or subtcrminal, about 12 cm. long and 6 cm, broad, the inter-
node between the 2 pairs of branches 3.5 cm. long, the peduncle 8 cm.
long, L75 mm. thick, the flowers solitary and sessile in the axils of
the bracts, the lower internodes of the flower-bearing branches 5 to

19 mm. long, the peduncles glabrous, the rachises sparingly and
minutely pubescent, the hairs up to 0.06 mm. long, ascending;
bracts oblanceolate, up to 14 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, narrowed
from above the middle to a small obtuse tip, glabrous, the veins ob-
scure; bractlets narrowly triangular, 2.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm, wide at
base, gradually narrowed to tip, ciliolate, the hairs 0.06 mm. long,
Figure 26h—J phelandr a diachyla Leonard {Triana s. n.) : a, Node and leaf; b, inflorescence;
lyx (a. Half natural size; b, two-thirds

2M times natural size; <f, 7 times natural size;/
the glabrous, the costa and a pair of nerves conspicuous

flat sm'faces
through transmitted lierht; calyx 5 mm. lone, the segments lanceolate,
mm
mmu
transmitted
cm. ions: (irom
mm
716 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
larged over the ovary, narrowed to 0.75 mm. near tip, the mouth
2.5 mm. broad, the corolla lobes obovate, 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide,
obtuse at tip, delicately nerved; stamens included, 2 ram. long, the
filaments slender, 0.5 mm. long; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Type Kew
Herbarium, collected at San Pablo, Intendencia
in the
of Choc6, Colombia, 100 mctei'S altitude, March 1853, by J. Triana.
Isotj-pe: Col.
On page 1 57 above, I referred this collection to Aphelandra botanodes,
but it diflfers in the more open inflorescence and in the entire, more
distant bracts. The specific epithet is from the Greek Stdx^Xos,

meaning succulent.
36. Aphelandra lasiophylla. (Page 193.)
The type can be more definitely identified by the number "4074-10,"
which appears on the label.In the typescript of the Triana catalog
})
(by error?) as "4072-10.
36a. Aphelandra pinarotricha Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 193.) Figure 262
SufTrutex, cauhbus dense pilosis, pilis sordidis, patulis vel ascen-
dentibus; lamina foliorum oblonga, breviter acuminata (apicc ipso
subobtuso), basi angustata, firma, integra, pilosa, pilis sordidis, pat-
ulis vel ascendentibus, praccipue in costa et venis positis; petioli
dense pilosi; spicae 1 vel 3, terminales et laterales, pedunculis longis,
dense rhache aliquanto pilosa, excavata; brac-
pilosis, pilis sordidis,
teae lanceolatae, subacutae, deorsum et apice pilosae, pilis ascen-
dentibus, obscure nervatae; bracteolae lanceolatae, parce pilosae,
ciliatae, graciliter nervatae; calycis segmenta aequalia, acuta, glabra
vel apice parce et graciliter ciliolata, striato-nervata; corolla auran-
tiaca, deorsum glabra, sursum graciliter pubescens,
tubo aliquanto
angustc infundibuhformi, labio superiore erecto, ovato, subacuto,
labio inferiore erecto vel patulo, 3-lobato, lobis lanccolatis, acutis;
stamina exscrta, antheris et filamentis glabris; ovarii clabrum m
Shrubs; stems subquadrangular, densely pilose, the hau's sordid,
spreading or ascending, up to 2 mm. long; leaf blades oblong, up to
7 cm, long and 2.2 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself subobtuse),
narrowed at base, firm, entire, pilose, the hairs spreading or ascending,
sordid, confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins (about 10 pairs).
prommcnt
subterminal
cm. long and 2 cm. broa<
i
terminal spike about 1 cm

to 4 cm. long, all densely and sordidly pilose, the hairs spreading or
ascending, the rhachis moderately pilose, furrowed; bracts lanceolate,
mm. lon<r. 5 mm
mm. long, the upper half becoming
'
below the tip, ciliate, obscurely nerved; bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm.

long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute, sparingly pilose dorsally, ciliate, delicately
nerved; cal^^x 8 mm. long, the posterior segment 3 mm. wide, the
anterior segments 1.5 mm. wide, the lateral segments 1 mm. wide,
all acute, glabrous, finely ciliolate at tip, striate-nerved; corolla
orange, the lower part glabrous, the upper part finely pubescent (the
hairs mostly up to 0.5 mm. cm. long from base of tube to tip
long), 4
of upper lip, the tube narrowly funnelform, 2.5 mm. broad at base,
Figure 262. Leo

plant; t, bract; c, bractlet; d^ posterior calyx segment; (T, an anterior segment of the
calyx;/, a lateral segment; g^ corolla lips; A, anther, {a. Natural size; b-gy about twice
natural size; h, 3 times natural size,)
4 to 5 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 4 mm. wide at
base, 6 mm. wide at middle, subacute, the lower lip 17 mm. long,
5 mm. wide at base, erect to spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe lance-
olate, 12 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide just below middle, acute, the lateral
lobes linear, 10 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute; stamens exserted 12
mm, bejônd the mouth of the corolla, the anthers 4.5 mm. long^
0J5 mm* broad, acute at both ends, glabrous, the filaments glabrous;

in the
temperate forest between Sibat^ and Fusagasugd, 35 km. southwest
of Bogota, Cordillera Oriental, Department of Cundinamarca,
Colombia, 2,650 meters altitude, April 30, 1944, by Martin L, Grant,
E. P. Killip, and F. R. Fosberg (No. 9124).
Aphelandra pinarotricha is somewhat like A. phlogea from the De-
partment of Magdalena, but that species has a glandular pubescence,
and much larger leaves, flowers and bracts. Its stems are glabrous.
The specific epithet is from the Greek TnvapSs^ sordid, and dpi^^ hair.
37. Aphelandra conformis Leonard. (Page 195.)
Cundinamakca: Forest above El Colegio, La Mcsa^ 6,000 ft* altitude, April 8,
1917, Mrs. Tracey 152 (K),
41. Aphelandra arisema Leonard, (Page 202.)

The isotypc in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano bears the anno-
tation '^80. Lagochiliunij no, 2,'' which identifies it with the entry in
the Triana catalog.
Cauca: Marsliy jungle, Gorgona Island, Collenette 630 (K).
43, Aphelandra cuatrecasasii Leonard. (Page 205,)

El Valle: Quebrada La Brea, near C6rdoba, Core 1558 (US).
46. Aphelandra pilosa Leonard. (Page 211.)

Vaup^s: sandy savannah with quartzite base along the Rfo Vaup&,
Cireasia,
"about 800 feet" altitude, November 1951, SchuUes & Cabrera 19633 (US).
Savannah of Yapobodd, along the Rfo Kuduyarf (tributary to the Rfo Vaup6s),
"700-800 ft.'' altitude, Nov. 18, 1952, Schultes, Baker & Cabrera 18465 (US).
49a. Aphelandra grantii Leonard, sp. nov* (Page 218.) Figure 263
Frutex vcl arbor parva, caulibiis subterctibus, sursum pilosis, pilis
albidis appressis, doorsum glabratis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata
vel oblongo-obovata, breviter sod graciliter acuminata, basi cuneata
et in petiolum dccurrens, aliquanto firma, Integra vel leviter undulata,
glabra vel parco hirsuta, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus, nitida,
subtus costa et venis iateralibiis prominentibus, supra obscuris;
pctioli glabri vel parce hirsuti; spicae plures, terminales, pedunculis
ascendcntibus, apprcsso-liirsutis, pilis albidis; rhacbis dense albo-
floccosa; bracteae ovatae, subacutae, coriaceae, marginibus scariosis,
parce ciliatis, costa et nervis lateralibus aliquanto promincntibus;
ocelli plurcs, ellipticij nitidi, brunnei; bracteolae anguste ovatae,
acutac, plus minusve falcatae, carinatae, carina dense albo-floccosa,
in margine glabrae, ciliatae; calyx glaber vel apice parce puberulus,
graciliter striatus, scgmento postcriore ovato, subacute, segmentis
lateralibus oblongis, apice truncatis et apiculatis, parce ciliatis,
segmentis anterioribus oblongo-ovatis, acutis, parce ciliatis; corolla
cinnabarina, papilloso-puberula, base glabra, tubo hypocrateriformi,
leviter curvato et ventrlcoso, labio supcriore erecto, bilabiate, lebis
anguste triangularibus, acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo

leviter curvato et ventricoso, labio superiore erecto, bilabiato, lobis
lateralibus parvis, triangularibus, cum labio superiore basi connatis;
stamina vix exserta, antberis glabris vel apice aracbnoideis, jRlamentis
sursum glabris, deorsum hirtellis; ovarium glabrum.
Shrubs up to 5 meters high; stems subterete, pilose, the hairs
white, closely appressed, up to 0.5 mm, long, the lower portions of the
stems glabrate; leaf blades oblong-ovate to oblong-obovate, up to 23
Figure 263.—Jph^landra grantii Leonard {Grant 10363): a. Tip of plant; i, leaf; c, bract;
dy bractlet; e^ posterior segment of calyx;/, one of the anterior segments of the calyx;
gi tip of corolla; A, portion of corolla tube enlarged to show pubescence, (a, g, Natural
size; by half natural size; f-/, about 4 times natural size; A, about SO times natural size,)
cm. long and 6.5 cm, wide, somewhat abruptly but slenderly acumi-
nate, cuneate at base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm,
entire or slightly undulate, glabrous or very sparingly hirsute with
appressed or ascending hairs up to 0,5 mm. long, the costa and main
lateral nerves (about 12 pairs) prominent beneath, obscure above,
the upper surface more or less nitid; petiole (unwinged portion) up
to 3 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute, the hairs similar to those
of the blades; spikes several (5 or 7), borne in a terminal paniculate
inflorescence, up to 5 cm. long and 11 mm. broad, the ped

cm. lone:, appressed-liirsute, the hairs about
inflorescence
stem but somcw
bearing at tlicir tips a pair of lanceolate acuminate appressed-hirsute
bracts 5.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, and sometimes just below these a
pair of small narrow leaves about 12 mm. long and 2 mm. wide;
rachis densely whito-floccose; bracts subtending the flowers ovate,
6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide just below the middle, subacute, coria-
ceous, glabrous or essentially so, the margins scarious and sparingly
ciliate, the costa and 2 pairs of lateral nerves rather prominent;
ocelli usually 5, elliptic, up to 0.32 mm. loiisr and 0.16 mm. wide.
mm. loner. 1 mm
somewhat
mm
pubcrulous at tip, the posterior segment ovate, 2.5 mm. wide just
below the middle, subacute, essentially glabrous, finely striate, the
mm
Striate, glabrous, inconspicuously ciliate at tip, finely striate, the an-
mm
tip, finely striate; corolla cm. long, papillose-
orange-scarlet, 4.5
pubcrulous except base and the subscarious margins of the upper lip,
mm
mm
vcntricose, the upper lip erect, 14 mm. long, 2-lobed, the lobes narrowly
triangular, 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, acuminate, the lower
lip usually recurved or coiled, lanceolate, about 15 mm. long and 5
mm acuminate, the lateral lobes adnate
to the upper lip, the free portions triangular, about 0.5 mm. long and
broad; stamens exsertcd 5 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube,
the anthers 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near base, acute and minutely
arachnoid at tip, pubcrulous dorsally, the filaments hirtellous toward
the base, the upper portions glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsules
not scon.
Type in the U.
S.
subtropical forest at Cano do la Muerta, in the Gazaunta Valley,
15 km. northwest of Medina, Department of Cundinamarca, Colom-
bia, 1,950 meters altitude, October 4, 1944, by Martin L. Grant (No.
10363). Isotypc: US.
Aphelandra gmntii is closely related to A. imrvisj)ica. Its leaf
blades are larger than those of A. parvispica, reaching 23 cm. in
length and C.5 cm. in width, whereas those of A. parvispica do not
exceed 19 cm. in length or 5 cm. in width. The color of the corolla
is orange-scarlet, in contrast with the red flowers of A. parvispica,
and the stems, especially tKe upper portions, are noticeably pilose
instead of being essentially glabrous. Its spikes are broader and the
ocelli are relatively large and conspicuous under a lens; in A. jjarvispica
the ocelli are small or even lacking.
51. Aphelandra barkleyi Leonard. (Page 223.)
Meta: Between Acacfas and San Marttn, 430 meters, July 28, 1946, Uribe-
Uribe 1319 (Col).
Quindfo
55. Aphelandra trianae Leonard. (Page 232.)
The holotype bears only the notation "New

Granada, Dr.
J. Triana"; the data cited on page 232 come from the isotype specimen
in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano,
57. Aphelandra macrophylla Leonard. (Page 237)
Aphelandra tetragona Nees /3 grandis Nees (DC. Prodr. 11: 295.

1847), based on Moritz 1272 from Merida, Venezuela, is a synonym
of this species. A specimen m the Kew Herbarium, collected by
iSloritz (no data) is probably his No. 1272.
Norte de Santander: Ocafia, Schlim 258 (K).

Without locality: Triana (Ji).
57a. Aphelandra coccinantha Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 237.) Figure 264
Frutcx, caulibus subquadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis subbrunneis,
appressis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata,
basi acuta, firma, Integra vel undulata, supra parce hirsuta, subtus
aequaliter et aliquanto dense hirsuta, pilis asccndentibus vel ap-
pressis, subbrunneis, costa et venis lateralibus et veuulis crasso
reticulatis prominentibus, supra obscuris; petioli aliquanto longi et
crassi, hirtelli, pilis appressis; spicae multae, ternae, paniculam
magnam terminalem ferentes, pedunculis pubescentibus, pilis ap-
pressis vel subtomentosis, rhache floccosa, pilis brunneis; bracteae
ovatae, glabrae, basi et marginibus tomentosae, ciliatae; ocelli terni,
prominentes; bracteolae minutae, lineari-lanceolatae, glabrae, sub-
hyalinae; calycis segmenta striato-nervata, glabra vel apice parce
cUiolata, segmentumposterius ovatum, subobtusum, segmenta later-
alia et anteriora lanceolata, subacuta; corolla coccinea, papilloso-

puberula, basi glabra cxcepta, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, leviter
curvato et subventricosa, labio superiore erecto, ovato, bilobato, lobis
medio
acuminato
triangularibus, subobtusis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina
vix exserta, antheris utrinque acutis, glabris vel apice arachnoideis,
filamcntis basi hirtellis, sursum glabris; ovarium glabrum.
meters
mm
cm
moderately
sparingly hirsute, the hairs 0.5 mm. long, the lower surface rather
densely and evenly hirsute, the hairs ascending or appressed, about
mm
Figure 2(A.—Aphlandra coccmantha Leonard {Foslerg 19131): a, Node with basal portion
of leaf blade; h, tip of leaf blade; c, lowermost node of inflorescence showing a branch
with 3 spikes; d, bract; e, ocelli;/, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; h, one of a pair
of anterior calyx segments; i, one of a pair of lateral calyx segments; ;, tip of corolla;
i, upper lip of corolla spread to show detail, {a-c. Half natural size; d, f-i, 3 times
natural size; /, 10 times natural size; /, about 1}5 times natural size; k, twice natural
size.)
and coarsely reticulated veinlets prominent beneath, obscure above;

mm. ions: and 2 or 3 mm
of the stems; spikes numerous, in 3's, forming a terminal panicle about
25 cm. long and 12 cm. broad, the peduncles up to 4 cm. long, the
secondary peduncles 8 to 10 mm. long, all closely appressed-pubescent
LEONARD —THE ACANTSACEAE OF COLOMBIA, in 723
subtomentose
mm. lonp:, 4 mm
mamns tomentose-ciliate, the glands in groups of
three mm. lone:, 0.16 mm
mm. loner and 0.25 mm. wide, subobtuse
mm
mm
mm
terior segments lanceolate and 1.5 mm. wide, subacute, in other
respects resembling the posterior segment; corolla scarlet, 4 to 5 cm.
long, papillosc-puberulcnt except the glabrous base, the corolla tube
1.5 mm. broad at base, slightl}- enlarging over the ovary, 8 mm. broad
at mouth, the lips 12 mm. long, the upper lip erect with acuminatê
recurved tips, ovate, 7 mm. wide near base, the terminal lobes tri-
angular, finely pilose on inner surface, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide at
base, the middle lobe of the lower lip recurved, lanceolate, 4.5 mm.
wide at middle, slenderly acuminate, puberulous on the inner surface,
the lateral segments small, sub triangular, subobtuse, adnate to the

lowermost part of the upper lip; stamens nearly reaching the tip of
mm. lone:. 1 mm
filaments
at base, glabrous toward tip; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

forested hill east of the Rio Valegrd and south of Quebrada Valegra,
in the Municipio of Chitaga, Department of Norte de Santander,
Colombia, 2,000 meters altitude, November 16, 1942, by F. R. Fosberg
(No. 19131).
Alphelandra coccinantha would follow A. macrophylla in the key.
It differs, however, from that species in its relatively shorter leaf
blades, these evenly and rather densely hirsute beneath instead of
glabrous or subglabrous. In A. macrophylla, furthermore, the panicles
are smaller and the spikes are noticeably shorter and thicker, and,
lastly, the corollas are orange-rod instead of scarlet as in ^. coccinantha.
The specific epithet is from the Greek k6kklvos, scarlet, and avdos,
flower.
60. Aphelandra incarnata Leonard. (Page 243.)

Antioquia: Dense forests around Savaletas, 200-500 meters altitude, Lehmann
7845 (K).
Cundinamarca: San Antonio, 200 meters altitude, June 14, 1948, Haught
6243 (US).
60a. Aphelandra trichota Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 244.) Figure 265
SufTrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, dense hirsutis, pilis
patulis vel retrorse subappressis lamina foliorum

; oblongo-obovata,
apico brevitcr acuminata (apice ipso subobtuso), basi cuneata, in
petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, Integra vel undulata, supra

parce hirsuta, subtus dense hirsiita, pilis patulis vel ascendentibus,
costa et venis prominentibus petioli breves, dense hirsuti; spicae 1
;
vel 3, terminales, sessiles vel subsessiles, magnae et longae, rhacbe

glabra vel puberula; bracteae obovatae, apice obtusae et apiculatae,
bracteolae
subcarinatae
segmenta glabra
Figure 265.~Aphela>idra trichoia Leonard {Fosherg y Fassett 21809): a, Node with basal
portion of leaf; b, tip of leaf blade; reduced to show shape; d, bract; e, ocellus;
c, leaf,
/, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; h, an anterior segment; i, a lateral segment.

{a, h, Half natural size; c, about
Yi natural size; d, natural size; t, about 40 times natural
s\7j:;f-t, twice natural size.)
nervata, segmentum superlorus ovatum, segmenta subobtusum,

inferiora lanceolata; corolla ignota; capsulae obtusae,
glabrae, minute
punctatae, nitidae; retinacula linearia, apice rotundata et cucullata;
scmina brunnea, obovata, glabra vel apice minute ouberula.
meters tall stems ;
mm
cm
acuminate at tip (the tip itself subobtuse), cuneate at base and
decurrent on the petiole, rather firm, entire or undulate, the upper

surface sparingly hirsute, the lower rather densely so, the hairs spread-
ing or ascending, up to 1 .5 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (about
16 pairs) prominent on the lower surface, obscure on the upper;
petioles (unwinged portion) stout, 5 to 10 mm. long, densely hirsute;
spikes terminal, solitary or in 3's, sessile or subsessile, up to 45 cm.

long and 2.5 cm. broad, the rachis glabrous to puberulous with sub-
appressed hairs up to 0.28 mm. long; bracts obovate, up to 30 cm.
long and 13 mm. wide between middle and tip, obtuse and minutely
apiculate, chartaceous, orange-red (Fosberg & Fassett), glabrous,
striate-nerved, the nerves becoming reticulate toward margin; ocelli
numerous, minute mm. long and

! 0.25 mm
about 3 mm. lonar and l,t
mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, subcarinate, 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide
near base, thence gradually narrowed to an acute tip, appressed-
pilosc, striate-nerved; calyx 1 cm. long, the posterior segment ovate,
5 mm. wide near base, subobtuse, the anterior segments lanceolate,
3 mm. near base, acute, the lateral segments lanceolate, 2.5 mm.
wide near base, acute and apiculate, glabrous or sparingly puberul-
all
ous and ciliolate, striate-nerved; corollas not seen; capsules 13 mm.

long, 6 mm. broad, about 4 mm. thick, obtuse and minutely punctate,
glabrous, nitid; retinacula linear, 3.5 mm. long, rounded and cucullate
at tip; seeds brown, obovate, 4.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 1.75 mm.
thick, glabrous or the upper margin rather minutely puberulous.
thick forest on steep slope at Jordan, on the north side of the Cuchillo
de Los Micos, 20 km. north-northwest of Velez, 8 km. south-southeast

of Landazuri, Department of Santander, Colombia, 1,100 meters
altitude, April 17, 18, 1944, by F. R. Fosberg and N. C. Fassett (No.
21809). Isotype: US
recognized by its densely hirsute stems
large leaves, hirsute on the lower surface, and large spikes. The specifi
epithet is from the Greek TptxwT^j, meaning beset w" " "
61. Aphelandra sericantha Leonard. (Page 246.)
The type specimen can be identified a little more

number "4074-1" appearing on the label; ui the Tr
appears as "4072-1," perhaps by error.
62. Aphelandra hartwegiana Nees. (Page 248.)
Department (?): Playa, Lehmann 9047 (K).
66. Aphelandra sericophylla Leonard. (Page 255.)

The type can be identified a little more accurately by the number
appearing on tlic label, namely "4074-5"; in the Triana catalog this
appears (by error?) as "4072-5."
Cundinamaeca: Hacienda Cucharo, between Toeaima and Pubenza, 1,000
meters altitude, April 14, 1952, Uribe-Uribe 2308 (US).
68. Aphelandra crenata Leonard. (Page 261.)

Antioquia: Urab;!, 100 meters altitude, January 17, 1947, Unbe-Urihe 1502
(Col).
69. Aphelandra glabrata Willd. ex Nees. (Page 2G2.)

Tolima: Along stream east of Chaparral, about 38 km. on rofid to Coyaima,
Cordillera Central, S. Galen Sjnith 13 11 (US).
70a. Aphelandra atecmarta Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 265.) Figuke 266
Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis appressis,
albidis; lamina foliorum oblonga, apico brevitcr acuminata, basi
undulata
glabra
subtus aequahter puberula, pilis appressis, costa et venis aliquanto
proniinentibus; pctioli puberuh, pilis appressis; spicao solitariae,
terminales, rhachc glabra, pedunculo brevi; bracteae ovatae, acutae,
glabrae vel minute ciHolatae, striato-nervatae, areola elliptica opaca
pro occllis substituta; bractcolac falcato-lanceolatae, acutae, costa et
apice dense et molliter hirsutae, pilis plus minusve appressis, margin-
mmu
minute papillosa, segmentum
subobtusum
igmenta
tiaca, papillosa, basi glabra, tubo subcylindrico vel anguste hypo-
teriformi
triangularibus acuminatis,labio inferiorc trilobato, lobo medio ascen-
dente, ovato acuto, lobis lateralibus parvis, triangularibus, subacutis,
cumlabio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix cxscrta, glabra, antheris
utrinque acutis, apice arachnoidois; ovarium glabrum.
Shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, pubcrulous, the
hairs closely and upwardly apprcsscd, whitish, up to 0.2 mm. long;
cm. long and 10 cm. wide, short-acuminate
m
the petiole, rather thin, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous
or the costa sparingly and minutely pubcrulous, the lower surface
evenly hirtellous, the hairs approssed, resembling those of the stem
moderatelv nromin
cm
stem; spikes solitary, terminal, up to 23 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, the
rachis glabrous; peduncle 5 mm, long, appressed-puberulous bracts ;
orange (Grant), ovate, 13 mm. loner, 11 mm. wide, acute (the tip itself
minutely
mm, and
lonsr 1mm. wide; bractlets
lanceolate, 12 mm long, about 3 mm. wide middle, acute,
^
1
0! Im ^
Figure 266. Leonard

leaf; c, leaf reduced to show shape; d, tip of spike; e, base of spike; /, bract; g, bractlet;
h, posterior calyx segment; i, an anterior calyx segment;

a lateral calyx segment; ;,
k, tip of corolla; I, portion of corolla enlarged to show pubescence, (a, b, d, e. Half
natural size; c, Yt natural size; f-i, 2}i times natural size; k, natural size; /, about 30
the costal region and tip densely and softly hirsute, the hairs more or
less appressed, up to 0.25 mm. long, the marginal region (about 1 mm.
wide) glabrous and sparingly and minutely papillose; calyx 1.5 cm.
long, the segments glabrous, rather sparingly and minutely papillose
dorsally and tipped by a few minute hairs, the posterior segment
ovate, about 6 mm. wide, subobtuse, the anterior segments lanceolate,
about 4 mm.wide, acute, the lateral segments lanceolate, about 3.5
mm. wide, subobtuse and apiculate; corolla orange, up to 6 cm. long,
sub cylindrical
mm
7 mm.
wide at mouth, the upper hp erect, ovate, bilobed at tip, th(
lobes narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, acumi
nate, the middle lobe of lower lip ascending, oval, acute, about
1(
mm. wide at middle, the lateral lobes adnate to the unner Hd. th^ frf><
mm. lone: and 1 mm
ttachmont: stamens the anthers
mm
both ends, the style glabrous or sparingly pilose at base; ovary
temperate forest on the Caraucha Range, east of Ibama, 13 km.
east of Yacopi, near tlie Boyacd border, Department of Cundinamarca,
2,250 meters altitude, May 8, 1944, by Martin L. Grant (No. 9167).
Isotypc: US, 2144299.
Aphelandra atecmarta in the key would follow A. crenata, but it
differs in having entire instead of crenate leaves. The spikes of A.
and more compact.
from the Greek &TkKnapTos, meaning
mark
73. Aphelandra lingua-bovis Leonard. (Page 270.)
Choc6: Fairly common between La Oveja and Quibd6, April 1, 2, 1931, Archer
1731 (US).
76. Aphelandra pharangophila Leonard. (Page 277.)

El
22. PACHYSTACHYS Nees

1. Pachystachys riedeliana Nees, (Page 291.)
300-500
May 5, 1939, Killip 35590 (US).
23. PSEUDERANTHEMUM Radlk.

It appears that the citation given
above on page 292, i. e., Radlk.
in Sitzungsb. ]\Iath. Phys. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen
13: 282. 1883,
is incorrect, even though it is the one
usually given. At this place
name
description. Nor is any reference to a description of the genus
there
under anotlier name. Psenderanthemum is said to bo the Eranthemum
mention o:
in Eranth
Eranthemum
as Pseuderanthemum , and did not provide any description of the latter
as a group. mos
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, UI 729
ifly characterized i
palatiferum) from Radlkof or gave a

reference also to two papers by T. Anderson, but at these places
mere
give any generic description. Apparently, the first valid publication
must
will be:
Psender anthemum Radlkof er ex Lindau, in Engler & Prantlj Nat. Pflanzenfam.

IV. 3b: 330. 1895,
No one species seems to bave a particular claim as a lectotype, and

so tlie species illustrated by Lindau {op. ciL jig. 133), P. bicolor
Schrank) Radlkofer, may appropriately be chosen,
EMENDED KEY TO THE SPECIES (PAGE 292)
Tips and bases of the seeds bearing a spiny crest; panicles large and many-flowered,
1- P. ctenospermtivi
Tips and bases of the seed without a spiny crest {P, chilianthium bearing a single
spinelike projection at base of seed).
A. Leaves of each pair very unequal, t!ie larger alternating with the smaller
of the next succeeding pair.
Tips of the leaf blades slenderly acuminate 2. P. chilianthium
Tips of leaf blades short-acuminate, the tip itself blunt 3. P. diachylujn
A. Leaves of each pair equal or subequal.

B. Leaf blades ovate; corolla tube 2 cm. long or more, very slender.
Leaf blades sessile or subsessile, rounded at base, those subtending the
lowermost branches of the inflorescence similar to the main stem leaves
but somewhat smaller 4. P. dadodes
Leaf blades abruptly narrowed into long winged petioles, those subtending
the lowermost branches of the inflorescence orbicular or suborbicular
sessile or subsessile, differing noticeably from the main stem leaves
Flowers dark red; bracts subtending the flowers triangular, up to 2 mm
long 5. P. haughtii
Flowers purple; bracts subtending the flowers lanceolate or oblanceolate

up to 4 mm, long 6. P. idroboi
B. Leaf blades elliptic to oblong or lanceolate, rarely ovate, the petioles

short.
C. Calyx with some glandular hairs.
Leaf blades (lower surface) glabrous or bearing a few scattered minute
hairs; cystoliths black 7. P, leiophijllum
Leaf blades (lower surface) definitely puberulous or hirtellous; cysto-

liths whitish.
Lobes of the corolla conspicuously purple-dotted^- 8. P. poecilanthum
Lobes of the corolla uniformly colored.
Corollas greenish yellow 9. P. galhanum
Corollas not greenish yellow, usually violet, purple, pink, or white*

Base of the leaf blades (dried material) strongly recurved and
crisped making the blades apparently subpanduriform.
10, P, micranthum
388179—57 27
Bases of the leaf blades (dried material) flat, aot noticeably

recurved and crisped.
Corollas pure white 11, P. eUipticum
Corollas violet, purplcj or pink.
Corollas pale pink, the lobes up to 7 mm, long; leaf blades
gland-dotted beneath ewanii
12. P,
Corollas violet, the lobes up to 3.5 mm. long; leaf blades not
gland-dotted beneath 13. P. pemiellii
C. Calyx without gland-tipped hairs.
Leaf blades predominantly 2 cm. wide or less,
Calyx glabrous 14. P. lanceum

Calyx puberulous 15. P, sneidernii
Leaf blades, or at least some of them, 2.5 cm. wide or more,
Rachis glabrous; leaf blades predominantly obtuse or rounded at
tip 16. P. atropurpureum
Rachis pubescent; leaf blades acuminate.
D. Flowers borne in racemes, these simple or forked or 3-parted at
the lowermost node.
Leaf blades (dried material) flat at base 17. P. polomophilum
Leaf blades (dried material) recurved and crisped at base so as
to give the blades a subpanduriform appearance.
Flowers solitary or several at each node of the inflorescence;
leaves firm 18. P, hijlophilum
Flowers few to numerous at each node of the inflorescence;
leaves thin 10. P. micranihum
D. Flowers borne in panicles.
Corollas densely glandular-papillose.
Pedicels stout, 1 mm.
long or less 19. P, chaponensc
Pedicels slender, up to 4 mm. long 20. P. ihelothrix
Corollas sparingly puberulous or pubescent.
Tube of the corolla narrow, the throat 1.5 mm.
broad; branches
of the panicle few (2 or 3) 21. P. stenosiphon
Tube of the corolla relatively broad; branches of the panicle
several (3 or more).
Shrubs; margins of the basal part of the leaf blades recurved
and crisped to give the blade a subpanduriform appear-
ance 22. P. cuatrecasasii
Herbs; margins of the basal portions of the leaf blades flat,
not noticeably recurved and crisped.
Tips of the leaf blades slenderly acuminate; panicle open,
the branches straight and more or less spreading, up
up to 9 cm. long _-.23. P. dawei
Tips of the leaf blades abruptly and shortly acuminate;
panicles dense, the branches suberect, up to 4 cm. long.
24. P. chocoense
1. Pseuderanthemum ctenospermum Leonard, sp, nov. Figure 267

quadrangularibus, plus miDusve
Dills curvatis: lamina foliorum c
acuminata
petiolum decurrens (lamina foliorum summorum basi plus minusv
auriculata), firma et crassa, Integra vel undulata, supra glabra, c^^stc
lithis minutis, subtus glabra, costa et venis prominentibus, puberulis

vel strigosis, cystolithis minutis, venulis crasse reticulars; petioli
alati, glabri vel parce strigosi; paniculae tenniuales, in nodis ramis
pluribus et aliquando floribus sessilibus vel subsessilibus praeditae,

pedunculis et rachibus subquadrangularibus, striatis, hirtellis, pilis
curvatis, patulis vel ascendentibus, subbrunneis, soptatis; bracteae
ramos infimos subtendentes foliaceae; bracteae ramos supcriorcs sub-
tcndentes lineares; bracteae flores subtendentes triangulares, acutae
(apice ipso obtuso), parce hirtellae et ciliatae; bracteolae lineares,
apice subobtusae, parce hirtellae; pedicelli graciles, puberuli, pilis
patulis vel ascendentibus, subbrunneis; calycis segmenta anguste

triangularia, apice gracUiter acuta, parce hirtella, pilis ascendentibus;
corollae parvae, lilacinae, parce puberulae, pilis fere patulis aliquis
glandulosis, tubo cylindrico, lob is ovatis, subobtusis; stamina inclusa,
glabra, lobis antherarum basi leviter divergentibus; staminodia parva,
oblanceolata, glabra; capsulae clavatae, basi graciles, parce puberulae,
pilis fere patulis, glandulosis; rctinacula gracilia, curvata, apice rotun-
data; semina brunnea basi

minute
minutis
meter hidi; stems quadrangular, more
or less fleshy,glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the hairs variously
curved, up to 0.24 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 15 cm.
loner and 6 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed
ppermost leaves more
firm
mm
surface glabrous except the costa and lateral veins (12 to 16 pairs),
mm
the cystoliths similar to those of the upper surface, the venation
prominent
small
terminal, up to 15 cm
the nodes bearing 1 to several pairs of branches and sometimes
ditional sessile or subsessile flowers (flowering branches also occurring
in the axils of the upper stem leaves) peduncles
;
5 cm. long, the lower-
most internode 3 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the
tips of the branches, both peduncle and internodes of the inflorescence
sub quadrangular, striate, hu-tellous, the hau-s variously curved, spread-

ing or ascending, up to 0.28 mm. long, septate, brownish; bracts sub-
tending the lowermost branches of the inflorescence leaflike, about 2
cm. long and 5 wide, those subtending the upper branches of the
mm.
inflorescence linear, 10 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide or smaller; bracts
subtending the flowers triangular, 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide at
base, acute (the tip itself blunt), sparingly hirtellous and ciliate;
bractlets linear, about 2.5 mm
tip, sparingly hirtellous; pedicel mm. long, rather slend
ascending
mm. long, the segment ,r
triangular, 4 mm.
Figure 2G7. —Pseuderanthemum clenospermum Leonard {Cuatrecasas 16433); a, Stem node

showing leaves; lower node of panicle; c, portion of internode of panicle enlarged
b,
to show pubescence; d, node from near tip of panicle to show

bract and bractlets; e,
calyx segment;/, corolla; a portion of corolla tube enlarged to
g, show pubescence;
A, stamens; i, capsule valve;/, a portion of capsule valve from near Its tip enlarged to
show pubescence; k, seed, {a. Half natural size; h, natural size; c, 21 times natural
size; d, 3 times natural size; e, about 6/2 times natural size; /, h, 3 times natural size;
g, 45 times natural size; i, twice natural size;;, 23 times natural size; k, 7 times natural
size.)
long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip,
sparingly the hairs ascending, up to 0.13 mm. long;

liirtellous,
corollas up to 12 mm. long, lilac, rather sparingly puberulous, the

hairs mostly spreading, up to 0.1 mm. long, some of them gland-tipped,
the tube cylindric, 1.5 mm. in diameter, the lobes ovate, 4 to 5 mm.
long, 2.5 to 3 mm. wide, subobtuse; stamens included, 3.25 mm. long,
glabrous, the anthers 1.5 mm.mm. wide near base, the lobes
long, 0.75
slightly divergent; staminodes about 1 mm. long, oblanceolate,
glabrous; capsules clavate, about 18 mm. long, 4 mm. wide and 1.5 mm.
thick, sparingly puberulous, the hairs mostly spreading, 0.1 mm.
long, gland-tipped, the solid basal portion of the capsule slender,
12 mm. Ions:. 1.5 mm. broad. 2 mm. thick retinacula slender, 2.5 mm.
;
mm. lonar. 2.5 mm

mm
about 0.75 mm
m
basal edge a similar but shorter crest of 2 or 3 spines, all of the spines
striate, whitish, broad-based, retrorsely hirtellous with rigid hairs
mm
the Rio Calima at La Trojita, Department of El Valle, Colombia,
5-50 meters altitude, February 19 to March 10, 1944, by J. Cuatre-
casas (No. 16433).
Collected also in thesame general region are the following: In
dense forest along the Rio Dagua, about 20 kilometers east of Buena-
ventura, 40 meters altitude, February 15, 1939, E. P. Killip and
H,
Km. 100. 100 meters altitude, December 5, 1946, Haught
No. 5323 (US). Wet forests of Chuare, Cauca, 90 meters
Dccemb Mariquit
meters
Haught's No. 5390 was taken from
[oots 1 meter long: and havine: a sho
purple inflorescence, and his No. 5323 was taken from an erect
suffrutescent plant 1 meter high or less whicli possessed a showy
inflorescence with the axes and flowers light purple. Killip and Garcia
cm. nig
bearing distichous panicles, and with both flowers and inflorescence
branches pink. The type sheet bears the following note: "Sufrutex
ram as erguidas 1 m.; hoias rugosas, verde grisaceas; bracteas,
cdliz y corola lilas."
P sender anthemum ctenospermum can bo easily recognized by its
peculiar crested seed and rather large rugose leaves. This comblike
crest suggests the specific epithet taken from the Greek Kreh, comb,
and o-TTfpjua, seed.
Leonard Figure 268

Herba erecta vel interdum suffrutex scandens, caulibus apice
subquadrangularibus, glabris vel parce puberulis, pilis ascendentibus
vel subappressis, cystolithis paucis vel aliquando multis et contiguis
et parallelis, deorsum caulibus parce ramosis, teretibus, glabris,
cortice pannoso; folia per paria inaequalia; lamina foliorum oblongo-
oblanceolata vel oblougo-obovata, plus minusve pauduriformis,
tenuiter acriter acuminata (apice angusto gracili), basi angusta,
subcordata, aliquando firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra
vel parce puberula, nitida, pilis ascendentibus, subtus costa et vcnis
lateralibus et venulis crasse reticulatis promincntibus, supra obscuris,
cystolithis utrinque obscuris; petioli crassi, breves, glabri vel parce
liirtelli, cystolithis pluribus; flores plures in paniculis terminalibus
pyramidalibus magnis positi; pedunculi et rhaches parce hirtclli,
pilis ascendentibus; pedicelli graciles, hirtelli; bracteae parvae, subu-
latae, parce hirtellae; calycis segmenta parva, linearia, parce hirtella,

pilis ascendentibus; corolla lilacina, tubo basi glabro, siirsum parce
puberulo, glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis, lobis corollaruni

pilis
ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina inclusa; staminodia parva; capsulae
clavatae, glabrae vel pilos paucos minutos glandulosos papilliformes
ferentes; semina plana, ovata, glabra vel apice truncata, crcnata,
dense puberula, basi spina parva praedita.
Herbs or shrubs usually up to 2 meters high but sometimes becoming
scandent and reaching 10 meters in height, the upper portions of the
stems subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly puborulous, the liairs up
to 0.2 mm. long, subappressed or ascending, septate, the cystoliths
few or sometimes numerous and parallel, the lower portions of the
stems tough, woody, subterete, glabrous, sparingly branched, the bark
brown and becoming shredded; leaves of each pair unequal, the smaller
leaf of each pair alternating with the larger of the next pair, the blades
oblong-lanceolate or oblong-obovate, up to 30 cm. long and 9 cm.
wide, slightly panduriform, more or less slenderly acmninate, tlie
tip slender, narrowed rounded narrow subcordate base, rather
to a
firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces nitid, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous, the hairs ascending, the costa, lateral veins (14 to 16 pairs)
and the coarsely reticulated veinlets prominent beneath, obscure
above, the cystoliths obscure; petioles thick (un winged portions),
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the cystoliths sometimes numerous;
flowers numerous, borne in terminal pyramidal panicles up to 30
cm. long and 26 cm. wide, the nodes bearing 3 or 4 branches, the
branches of the ultimate nodes slender, 1 to 3 cm. long, several-
flowered, dichotomously branched, forming lax dichasia or the
flowers sometimes secund on the racemes; peduncles up to 6 cm. long,
these and the rachises sparingly to rather densely hirtellous, the hairs
;
ascending, up to 0.25 mm. long, septate, the pedicels slender, hir-

tellous, up to 5 mm. long; bracts subulate, cm. long, 1.5 mm.
up to 1
wide at the base, sparingly hirtellous, the lowermost often foliaceous
calyces up to 4.5 mm. long, the segments 4 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at
Kooo fY-i-QrliiQlli7 nnrmwArl in Jin flciite tin. snarine-lv hirtellous with
mm
10 to 17 mm. long, sparingly puberulous with a mixture of glandular
papilliform hairs (about 0.03 mm. long) and curved ascending
Figure 26S—Psiuderanthemum chilianthtum Leonard {Killip 3S270): a, Node of stem to
show pair of dissimilar leaves; J, portion of lower surface of leaf blade enlarged to
/:
3/2
/.
eglandular ones up to 0.13 mm. long, the corolla tube cylindric,

1 cm. long, 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 2 mm.
tube
about 7 mm. Ions:, 1.5 mm
and 1 mm the corolla lobes oval,
mm
mm
mm
mm. long with anthers mm, long, the
1 staminodes 1 mm. Ion to >
mm. long, 3 mm. broad, about 2 mm

stipe about 1 cm. long and 1.25 mm. broad,
the surface of the capsule
glabrous or bearing a few small papilliform glandular liairs near tip,
the retinacula curved, about 1.75 mm. long, the tip rounded, thin,
rmely striate and subfimbriate; seed ovate, flat, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide, the margin winged, the wing 1.5 mm. long at tip of seed, obtuse,
rather densely puborulous with wliitish hairs, the basal angle bearing
a small, spikelike projection.
the Corcovada Region of the upper Rio San Juan, in a dense forest
on
a ridge along the Yeraciii Valley, Intendencia of C]ioc6 ,Colombia, 200
to 275 meters, April 24, 25, 1939, by E. P. Killip (No. 35270).
Antioquia: Mariquita, 2,200 meters altitude, February 1852, Triana s.n. (K)"
Cauca: Damp forests at Cotoje, along the Rfo Timbiquf, to 500 meters
altitude, February 1898, Lehmann s.n. (K).
Ciioc6: Between Carmen dc Atrato and Tutunendo, 500-(300 Jiieters,
July
25, 2G, 1944, Garciu-Barriga La Concepcion, 15 km. east of Quibdd,
1112S (US).
75 meters altitude, April 20 to May 23, 1931, W. A. Archer 2097 (US). Be-
tween La Oveja and Quibd6, April K2, 1931, W. A. Archer 1G73
(US).
Tutunendo, 20 km. north of Quibd6, 80 meters altitude, May 19, 20, 1931, W.
A.
Archer 2120 (US). Damp woods along the Efo Huaneliirad.5 (Cucnca del
Atrato), June 2, 3, 1949, Rosa Scolnik 1636 (NY).
El Valle: Quebrada del Corosal, Rio Cajambrc, 0-5 meters altitude, May 17,
1944, Cuatrecasas 17736 (NY). San Isidro, Rfo Cajambrc, 5-100 meters altitude,
May 2-5, 1944, Cuatrecasas 17317 (NY).
Meta: Tiramena, Llano dc San Martin, 250 meters altitude, /. Triana s n
(Col).
Pseuderanthemum chilianthium must be an attractive plant with its

large dense panicles of lilac flowers. Archer states that the pedicels
are also colored like the corollas. Archer's No. 2120, representing
the small flowered form, has lavender coloUas with darker stripes
on
the lobes. The plant of the holotype had leaves deep purple beneath.
More material should be examined before any of these variations can
be used as characters on which to base varieties or closely related
species. from
avdtiov, blossom, in allusion to its numerous flowers.
3- Pseuderanthemum diachylum Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 269

Herba erecta, succulenta, caulibus subquadrangularibus, nitidis,
deorsum glabratis, sursum parce puberulis, pilis curvatis, septatis,
cystolithis parallelis, inconspicuis, raris; folia per paria inacqualia;
lamina foliorum oblongo-clliptica, breviter acuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi acuta vel obtusa, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto
firma^ Integra^ undulata, supra nitida, parce puberula, pilis appressis,
septatiSj cystolithis inconspicuis, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris,
subtus puberula^ pilis praecipue in costa et venis prominentibus positis,
venulis crasse reticulatis, cystolithis inconspicuis; petioli (pars non
alatus) breveSj parce hirtclli; paniculae terminales, floribus in nodis
4 vel 5 productis, pedicellis gracilibus sed aliquanto brevibus, dense
hirtelliSj pilis ascendentibus, pedunculo longo, subquadrangulari,
minute striate, aliquanto dense hirtcllo^ pilis retrorse curvatis, septatis;
bracteae triangulares, aliquanto parvae, acutae (apice ipso obtuso),

carinatae, hirtellae, pilis ascendentibus, septatis, ciliatae; bracteolae
parvae, triangulares, acutae, hirtellae; calycis scgmenta subulata,
nitida, minute et parce hirtella, pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis
intermixtis; corolla dilute purpurea, parce hirtella, pilis minutis,
glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis, tubo subcylindrico, lobis
coroilae ovatis apice rotundatis; stamina inclusa, filamentis glabris
vel basi pilis paucis praeditis, antheris glabris; staminodia parva,
linearia; ovarium glabrum.
Erect succulent herbs up to 60 cm. high, stems subquadrangular,
nitid, sparingly puberulous with curved septate hairs up to 0.24 mm.
long, the lower portions of the stem glabrate, the cystoiiths straight,
parallel, up to 0.11 mm. long, inconspicuous and scattered; leaves of
a pair noticeably unequal, the larger leaves alternate with the smaller
of the succeeding pair, the blades oblong-elliptic, up to 21 cm. long
and 7-5 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), acute to
obtuse at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather thick, entire or
undulate, the upper surface nitid, sparingly puberulous, the hairs up
to 0.19 mm, long, septate, appressed, the C3^stoliths inconspicuous,
up to 0.08 mm. long^ the costa and lateral veins (about 8 pairs) obscure,
the lower surface puberulous, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and
veins, these and the coarsely reticulated veinlets conspicuous, the
cystoiiths inconspicuous; petioles (unwinged portion) up to 4 mm.
long, with the winged portion up to 3.5 cm. long, the wings gradually
enlarged from base to 1 cm, wide at foot of blade, the petiole sparingly
hirtellous; panicles terminal, about 10 cm, long and 5 cm. broad, each
node producing a large and a small branch, these alternating through-
out the panicle, the flowers as many as 4 or 5 at each node, the peduncle
8.5 cm. long, subquadrangular, about 2 mm. thick, finely striate,
rather densely hirtellous, the hairs retrorsely curved, up to 0,2 mm.
—
long, septate, the lowermost internode of the panicle 3 cm. long, the
others successively shorter toward tip of the inflorescence, all hirtellous,
the hairs spreading or ascending, septate and up to 0.2 mm. long;

bracts triangular, up to 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at basci, gradually
narrowed to a blunt tip, carinate, hirtellous, the hairs ascending,
mostly marginal and dorsal, septate; bractlets triangular, up to 3 mm.
Figure 269* Pseuderanthemum diachylum Leonard {Haught 5489): a, Tip of plant; t,

a pair of stem leaves; c, portion of leaf blade, lower surface, to show venation; d^ portion
of inflorescence from node showing bract, bractlets and flowers; e^ portion of calyx
enlarged to show pubescence; /, stamen and staminode. (^-f, Half natural size;
dy natural size; e^ 30 times natural size;/, 6}^ times natural size.)
long, 1.25 mm-

wide at base, acute, hirtellous; pedicels slender, up to
3 mm. long, densely hirtellous with ascending hairs up to 0.13 mm,
long; calyx up to 4 mm, long, the segments subulate, 3 mm. long, 0.5
mm. wide near base, nitid, minutely and sparingly hirtellous, the hairs
about 0.06 mm. long, some of them gland-tipped; flowers showy,
light purple, 16 mm. long, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.1
mm. long, some them gland-tipped, the tube 1 mm. broad at base,
of
narrowed at 2 mm. above base to 0.75 mm., thence gradually enlarged
to 2 mm. at throat, the lobes ovate, 8 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, rounded
at tip; stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla tube, the filaments
0.75 mm. loner, dabrous or bearins: afew minute hairs at base, the
mm. lonsr. 0.5 ram. broad, dabrous: staminod
mm
Herbarium
a wet forest glade along the Eio Nuqui, Intendencia of Choc<5,
Colombia, about 300 meters altitude, January 25, 1947, by Oscar
Haught (No. 5489).
Pseuderanthemum diachylum is characterized by its large leaves,
attractive light purple flowers, and succulent texture. The plant
from which the type was taken was the only one seen by the collector.
The specific epithet is from the Greek, Siaxvôs, meanmg succulent.
4. Pseuderanthemum cladodes Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 270
Herba, caulibus gracilibus, profuse ramosis, striatis, aliquanto
pilosis, pilis patulis; lamina foliorum ovata, gracUiter acuminata,
basi rotundata, hirsuta, pUis saepe in costa et venis positis, cystolithis
sub lente conspicuis pyriformibus ; petioli breves vel nulli; spicae
laxae, paucae, paniciJam formantes; bracteae raraos panicularum
subtendentes foliaceae sed minores, sessiles; bracteae flores sub-
tendentes lanceolatae, parvae, acuminatae, parce hirtellae; rhachis
hirsuta; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, parce hirtella; corolla
tubo angustissimo, lobis plus minusve patulis, obovatis,
lilacino -rubra,
apice rotundatis; stamina inclusa; staminodia parva; capsulae
clavatae, parce puberulae, pilis minutis, glandulosis; semina muricata.
Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems slender and profusely branched,
furrowed, moderately pilose, the hairs spreading, up to 0.58 mm. long,
evenly or sometimes bifariously distributed, the lowermost internodes
10 cm. loner or more: leaf blades ovate, up to 6.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm.
acuminate, rounded at base, hirsute, the hairs m
mm
long, the upper surface bearing numerous crowded whitish cysto-
liths, these very conspicuous under a lens and up to 0.13 mm.
mm
spicuously marked by cystoliths; flowers borne in lax spikes, these
both terminal and axillary, up to 18 cm. long, forming loose terminal
panicles up cm. long, the lowermost pairs of bracts subtending
to 30
the axillary spikes resembling the stem leaves but slightly smaller
and sessile, the other pairs progressively smaller toward tip of panicle,
the lowermost pair of bracts subtending the flowers suborbicular,
about 5 mm. in diameter, sessile, long-apiculate, the succeeding
;
floral bracts lanceolate, up to 3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base,

acuminate, sparingly hirtellous, the lowermost internode of the
flowering spike 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the others successively shorter,
these and the internodes of the panicle hirsute, the hairs similar
to those of the stems, the flowers borne in pairs at thenodes of the
spike (sometimes accompanied by one or more rudimentary flowers)
calyx about 5 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
Figure 270.— Psfuderantkemum cladodes Leonard {Lehmann 7266) : a, A lower node showing
leaf blade; h, inflorescence; c, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) showing rystoliths;
d, bracts; e, calyx; /, stamen and staminodc. {a. Natural size; h, half natural size;
c, 20 times natural size; d, 4 times natural size; e, 5 times natural size; /, 10 times
natural size.)
wide at base, sparingly hirteUousj corolla lilac-red (Lehmann),

glabrous, the tube up
cm. long, very slender, 1.25 mm. in
to 2.5
diameter at base, gradually reduced to 0.75 mm. about the middle and
thence enlarged to 2 mm. at mouth, the lobes more or less spreading,
obovate, about 8 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens
included, 2.5 mm. long, glabrous; anthers 1.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm.
broad; staminodes 0.5 mm. long; capsules clavate, 1.8 cm. long, the
slender solid stipe 7 mm. long, 1 mm. in diameter, glabrous, the

seed-bearing portion 3 mm. broad and about 1 mm. tbick, sparingly
pnberulous, the hairs spreading, 0.11 mm, long, gland-tipped; seed
flat, whitish, muricate.
Type in the Kew
Herbarium, collected in a forest glade along the
Rio Sucio, between Dabeiba and Uramita, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, 400 to 800 meters altitude, October 1891, by F, C. Lehmann
(No, 7266).
According to Lehman's notes the plants of this species are "Weeds
up to 1 m. in height with profusely ramified and thin stems." The
leaves are "dark sap-green" and the flowers "lilac-red."
The specific epithet is from the Greek KXaSojdrjs, abounding in young
shoots, in allusion to the branching habit of the plant.
5. Pseuderanthemum haughtii Leonard
See page 293.

6. Pseuderanthemum idroboi Leonard
See page 295.

7. Pseuderanthemum leiophyllum Leonard
See page 297.
8. Pseuderanthemum poecilanthum Leonard
See page 299.
9. Pseuderanthemum galbanum Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 271
Frutex, caulibus deorsum glabris, sursum puberulis, pilis curvatis;
lamina foliorum aliquanto magna, apice breviter acuminata (apice
ipso rotundato), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto
firma. inteerra, utrinque glabra vel subtus in costa parce et minute
minute
is curvatis; racemi solitarii, terminales
minute nuberulis, pilis glandulosis et
(par infimum sterile) lanceolatae, graciliter acutae, minute hirtellae,
pilis glandulosis et acutis, plus minusve patulis intermixtis; bracteolae
ovatae vel lanceolatae, acutae, aliquanto parce et minute hirtellae;

pedicelli dense hirtellij pilis glandulosis et acutis intermixtis; calycis
segmenta anguste lanceolata, acuta, pilis glandulosis et acutis inter-
mixtis; corolla galbana; capsulae graciles, minute hirtellae, pilis patulis
vel ascendentibus, glandulosis et acutis intermixtis; semina brunneo-
purpurea, plana, suborbicularia, crasse rugosa.
Shrubs up to 3 meters high; stems glabrous below, the upper por-
tions puberulous, the hairs upwardly curved, up to 0.13 mm, long;
leaf blades oblong, up to 19 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself rounded), narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, moderately firm, entire, both surfaces glabrous or the lower
—
minutely and sparingly puberulous on cost a, cystoliths obscure and

scattered; petioles up to 1 cm. long (including the wing at the base
of the blade, this 6 to 7 mm. wide)
minutely puberulous with upwardly
,
curved hairs; racemes solitary, terminal, narrow and lax, the flower-
bearing portion about 9 cm. long and 8 mm. broad, the peduncle
4 cm. long, the lowermost internode of the raceme 2 cm, long, the
Figure 271. Pseuderanthemum galbanum Leonard {Garcia-BaTriga 14377): a, Tip of plant;

hy portion of rachis enlarged to show pubescence; r, leaf; d^ calyx, pedicel, bracts and
bractlets; e^ portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence;/, valve of capsule;
f, seed, (a, c^ Half natural size; i, r, about 50 times natural size; d, 3 times natural
size;/, natural size; g, 3}i times natural size,)
Others successively shorter toward tip of inflorescence^ both peduncle

mmu
mm
bracts (the lower pair without flowers) lanceolate, slenderly acute,
the larger ones 4 mm. long and about 0,75 mm. wide at base, minutely
hirtellous with a mixture of more or less snrcadinp^ dandnlar anH
mm
at base, acute, rather sparingly and minutely hirteflous; pedicels
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACBAE OF COLOMBU, ni 743
rather stout, up to 2.5 mm. long, rather densely hirtellous with

minute glandular and acute hairs; calyx segments narrowly lanceolate,
6.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a slender acute tip,
minutely and more or less densely hirtellous with glandular and acute
hairs; corolla not seen (greenish yellow, Garcla-Barriga) capsules ;
minutely hirtellous with glandular and acute, spreading or ascending

hahs (up to 0.16 mm. long), the solid stipe about 1.5 cm. long, 2 mm.
broad, curved after dehiscence, the seed-bearing tip (4-seeded) 12 mm.
long, 8 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, subacute; seed brownish-purple,
flattened, suborbicular, 4 broad and long, 2 mm. thick, coarsely
mm.
wrinkled, the wrinkles more pronounced toward margins of seed.
in Cano UnguyA, at Jino-Goje, between the Rios Phaparand and

Popeyakd, tributaries of Rio Apaporis, Amazonas-Vaupes, Colombia,
250 meters altitude, September 3-11, 1952, by H. Garcia-Barriga
(No. 14377).
In many respects galbanum
Pseuderanthemum resembles P.
poecUanthum the
; inflorescence, the shape and size of the bracts
and bractlets, and the pubescence of the two species arc practically
identical. There are, however, several striking differences. P.

cm
sm
ously purple-spotted lobes. In contrast, P. galbanum is a shrub or
smaU tree as much as 3 meters
greenish yellow. It is to the color of the corolla
ip ecific
micranthum Figure 272
Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel parce et minute

hhtellis, fere ascendentibus, cystolithis subpunctiformibus; lamina
foliorum oblanceolata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi
cuneata, marginibus recurvata et crlspata, siccitate subpanduriforniis

tenuis, Integra vel undulata, glabra, costa et venis minute hirtellis,
pilis ascendentibus excepta, subtus costa venis et venulis crasse
reticulars prominentibus, supra obscuris; racemi graciles, laxi,
terminalcs, solitarii vel terni, floribus in nodis paucis vel multis,
pedunculis glabris vel parce hirtellis, rhache aUquanto dense puberula,

pilis curvatis, pedicellis gracilibus, puberulis; bracteae triangulares,
glabrae vel parce puberulae, acutae; bractcolac triangulares, parvae;

calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, minute hirtella, pilis acutis,
ascendentibus, pilis minutis glandulosis intermixtis; corofla parya,

sursum puberula, basi glabra, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina
inclusa: ovarium minute hirtellum.
—
Herbs: stems subquadrangular, glabrous or SDarindv and minu

hairs up to 0.2 mm* long, m
ctiform; leaf blades oblanceol
and 5.5 cm vide slightly above middle,
acuminate (the tip
s
itself blunt), gradually narrowed to a crisped recurved apparently
subpanduriform glab s except the
ith ascend-
Figure 272. Pseuderanthemum micranthum Leonard (Triana s, n.): a, Leaf and node; b,
inflorescence; c, inflorescence (Col); d, node of inflorescence; e, a segment of the calyx;
/, portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence; g, corolla, {a-c, Half natural
size; d, 3 times natural sue; e, 15 times natural size;/, 40 times natural size;
g, 4 times
natural size*)
mm
prominent
upper, the cystoliths scattered and inconspicuous; flowers usually
numerous
cm
racemes, the peduncles up to 10 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirtel-
subsessile
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBUj III 745
mm. lonsr and 4 mm. wide, the lowermost internode of the raceme
cm
densely puberulous, the hairs upwardly curved, up to 0,3 mm, long;
pedicels slender^ up to 1.5 mm. long, puberulous; bracts subtending
the flowers triangular, 1.5 mm. long and 075 mm. wide, glabrous or
snarindv puberulous; bractlets similar but smaller; calyx segments
mm, lonp;. 0.5 mm
acute minutely hirtellous, the acute hairs up to 0.1 mm. long
tip,
ascending, these intermixed with a few shorter gland-tipped hairs

corolla 6 mm. long, puberulous toward tip, the tube 0.5 ram. broad
the mouth 1 mm. broad, the lobes ovate, 1.5 mm. long, about 1 mm
stamens included; ovarv mmu
capsules not seen.
Herbarium, collected in the ''Province of
Ventura," Department of El Valle, Colombia, 1,600 meters altitude,
July 1853, by J. Triana (No. 101-1). Isotype: Col.
The corollas of the type material were probably immature and thus
smaller than fully developed ones. The color of the flower was not
apparent in the dried materiah The specific epithet is from the Greek
iiiKpbsy small, and avdos^ flower,
11. Pseuderanthemum ellipticum Turrill
See page 301.

Caldas: Thicket along stream east of Balen, Pennell 10625 (GH).
Cundinamarca: Densely wooded mountain in the vicinity of Laguna de Pedro
Palo, 3 km. north of Tena, Municiplo of Tena, 2,080 meters, May 19, 1952,
Ferndnd€z& Mora 1442 (US).
12. Pseuderanthemum ewanii Leonard
See page 302.
Cundinamarca: Quebrada Chiniata, Ewan 15629 (US, isotype).
13. Pseuderanthemum pennellii Leonard

See page 304.
14. Pseuderanthemum lanceum (Nees) Radlk.
See page 305.
15. Pseuderanthemum sneidernii Leonard
See page 306.

16. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (Bull) Bailey
See page 307.

17. Pseuderanthemum potamophilum Leonard
See page 308-
PuTUMATo: San Jos6, Sprague s,n. (K).
388179—57 28
18. Fseuderanthemum hylophilum Leonard

See page 310.
19. Fseuderanthemum chaponense Leonard
See page 312.
20. Fseuderanthemum thelothrix Leonard, sp, nov. Figure 273
Herba caulibus basi plus minusve suffrutescentibus, erectis vel
asccndcntibus, subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum minute
pubcrulis, pilis apprcssis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblonga, plus
minusve abrupt e acuminata (apice ipso acuto, subinde curvato), basi
angustata vel rotundata, in pctiolum alatum decurrcns, aliquanto
firma, integra vel undulata, supra parce puberula, subtus minute et
aliquanto dense puberula, pilis brunneis, curvatis, subappressis;
petioliminute puberuli; florcs solitarii vel in cymas parvas positi,
paniculam plus minusve laxam terminalem formantes, pedunculo et
rhacbe et pedicellis gracilibus, minute hirtellis, pilis curvatis, asccn-
dentibus; bracteae subulatae vel lanceolato-subulatae, subglabrae vel
parce et minute hirtellae; calycis segmenta linearia parce hirtella;
corolla alba, tubo basi glabro excepto minute glanduloso-puberula,
datis
staminodia glabra, gracilia.
Herbs, sometimes suffrutescent at base: stems
cm
portions minutely puberulous, the hairs upwardly appressed, up to 0.2
mm long; leat blades ovate to oblong, up to 12 cm. long and 6 cm.
wide, more or less abruptly acuminate (the tip itself acute and some-
times curved), rounded or narrowed at base, passing into a winged
moderately
mm
mmu
subapprcssed, up to 0.2 mm. long, the cystohths obscure or lackmg;
petiolesup to 5 cm. wing 1 to 1.5 cm, wide at base of blade,
long, the
gradually narrowed to or below the middle of tlie petiole, the petiole
itself minutely brown-puberulous; flowers sohtary or in cymules up to
2 cm. long, several to each node forming a rather loose terminal

raceme up to 7 cm, long and 2 to 3 cm. broad at base, the lowermost
internode of the inflorescence about 2 cm. long, the others successively
shorter, the peduncles 3 to 4 cm. long, these and the branches of the
panicle including the pedicels (slender and up to 5 mm. long) minutely
mm
mm. loner and 1 mm
mm
long, 0,25 to 0.5 mm. wide at base, all subglabrous to sparingly and
mm
long, 0.5 mm<wide at base, rather sparingly and minutely hirtellous;

flowers white, the tube (8 mm, long and about 1 mm. in diameter)
densely covered without by minute glandular hairs up to 0.05 mm.
mm. loner, 2 mm
middle, rounded at tip, papill
stamens mm. 01 the mo
Figure 273.
node
and branchlet; node of inflorescence (second from base); d, calyx; e,
showing leaf c,
corollaj/, portion of corolla tube enlarged to show pubescence; g, stamen and staminode.
times natural size; d, 3>^ times natural size; e, 3 times
{a, h, Half natural size; c, V/i
natural size;/, about 70 times natural size; g, 5 times natural size.)
corolla tube, glabrous, the filaments 1.25 mm. long, the anthers
mm. Ions, 0.75 mm. broad; staminodes slender, 0.5 mm. long;

mm
moist thicket along road between Alto del Tigr
Colombia. 900 to L710 meters
Core
Pseuderanthemum thelothrix is near P. chaponen

and cha'ponense, however,
exceed 1 mm
slender and are usually as much as 5 mm
^
in allusion to the papillose puberulence of tlie corolla.
21. Pseuderanthemum stenosiphon Leonard

See page 314.
BoLfvAR: Edge of forest at Antizales, Pennell 4453 (NY).
22. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii Leonard
See page 316.

Cauca: Forest at La Gallora, Killip 7742 (GH); 7783 (GH). In primitive
forest of La Costa, vicinity of El Tambo, 800 to 1,000 meters altitude, von
Sneidern
493 (S); G12
G17 (S); 775 (S); 809 (S); 822 (S).
(S); xMunchique, vicinity of
Tambo, 2,500 meters altitude, von Sneidern 821 (S).
250-1
10-20
The specimens cited above are all large-leaved plants closely

resembhng Kilhp's No. 7742. The leaves of the type specimen,
Cuatrecasas* No. 21646, are atypical in size, being the smaller leaves
of terminal secondary branches. The leaf blades of Killip's No. 7742
are as much as 18 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide.
23. Pseuderanthemum dawei Turrill
See page 318.

El Valle: La Cumbre, Killip 5962 (GH, NY).
Without definite locality: "Andes de Mariquita i Antioquia," 2,200 meters
altitude, February 1852, Triana s.n. (Col).
24. Pseuderanthemum chocoense Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 274

Herba, cauhbus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel in nodis parcc
hirtellis, pilis ascendentibus; lamina foliorum obovata, brevitcr
acuminata, basi cuneata, submembranacea, Integra vel uudulata,
utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus parce hktcllis; petioli
parce hirtelli, aliquanto
panicula modice densa, angusto
breves;
ovoidea, apice acuta, rhachibus aliquanto dense pubescentibus, pills
septatis, pedunculo aliquanto longo, hirtello; bracteae infimac
lanceolatae, apice acutac, subobtusae, recurvatae, intus glabrae,
extus hirtellae; bracteae flores subtendcntes lanceolatae, carinatae,
hirtellae; pedicelli graciles, aliquanto parce hirtelli; calycis segmenta
anguste lanceolata, apice acuta, glabra vel apice parce hirtella;
corolla sursum puberula, basi glabra, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina
inclusa; staminodia parva, curvata; ovarium glabrum.
Herbs; stems sub quadrangular, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous

at and near the nodes, the hairs ascending, 0.28 mm. long; leaf
blades obovate, up to 16 cm. long and 5.8 cm. wide above middle,
short and rather abruptly acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed
at base, rather thin, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous except
costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs), these sparingly hirtellous, the
hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, subappressed, the venation of both sur-
faces scarcely prominent but more so beneath than above; petioles
Figure 274.— Pseud^ranihemum chocoense Leonard (Triana s. n. "Prov. del Choco"): a, Tip
of plant; b, a branch of the inflorescence; c, hairs from a portion of the rachis; d, calyx
segment; e, stamen and staminode;/, ovary, (a, Half natural size; b, 2>^ times natural
size; c, 70 times natural size; d, 4 times natural size; e,f, 10 times natural size.)
up to 6 mm.
long and 1.25 mm
similar to those on the stems; cm
cm
mostlv 3 to 4 cm
mm
conspicuously septate under a lens, the peduncle 4.5 cm. long,
1.75 mm. thick, hirtellous, the hairs similar to those of the rachises
linf Tint, so nimiproiis. the first internode of the panicle 2.5 cm, long,
the Others successively shorter; bracts subtending the branches

of the panicle lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide near base,
narrowed to an acute bluntish rprnrvftd
'ved ih
tip, the mner surface
similar to tliose of tho. mx

bracts subtending the flowers lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm.
wide at base, carinate, hirtellous; pedicels up to 5 mm. long, rather
mm
mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base, narrowed to an acute
cm
long, moderately puberulous except the glabrous base (the hairs a
0.08 mm. long), the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed above
ovary to 0.75 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 1.5 mm. at mouth,
the lobes ovate, about 2 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, rounded at
tip; stamens included, 2.5 mm. long, the anthers 1.5 mm. long, the
staminodes 1 mm. long, curved; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Type in the KewHerbarium, collected in the *'Prov. del Chocd,"
Colombia, 150 meters altitude, March 1853, by J. Triana (No. 101-5).
The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material.
APPENDIX
LIST OF NUMBERED SPECIMENS
Parts I-III
Alfaro-P., S. 1445. Ruellia tolimensis

1517. Justicia fusagasugana (type)
27, Hygrophilii guianensis 1658. Aphelandra conformis (type)
1713. Ruellia tuberosa
Allen, Cyril
I859bis. Ruellia geminiflora
25. Justicia laeviiinguis 1865. Ruellia lorentziana
368. Odontonema bracteolatum var. 1881. Ruellia ischnopoda
parviflorum 2047, Aphelandra acanthus
628. Justicia chaetocephala 2406. RueUia lasiostachya
839. Elvtraria imbricata 2848. Ruellia rusbyi
841. Blechuni brownei f. puberulum 2916. Ruellia ischnopoda
844, Justicia sciota (type) 406 L Aphelandra andrei (type)
845. Aphelandra pulcherrima
Antonio-Miguel, Brother
865. Ruellia macrophylia
866. Odontonema bracteolatum 121. Ruellia fulgida var. angustissima
876. Trichanthera gigantea
Apolinar-AngeLj Brother
912. Teliostachya alopecuroidea
913. Justicia pectoralis 488. Justicia bracteosa
934. Ruellia geminiflora 490. Justicia leucerythra
AlleNj Paul H., and Allen,
496. Ruellia paniculata
Dorothy O.
515. Ruellia macrophylia
3229. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich- 704. Hygrophila guianensis
antha 762. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum
Andr£; Edouard Apolinar-MarIa, Brother
266. Sauchezia pennellii 92. Justicia sanchezioides
287. Aphelandra glabrata 157. Justicia pectoralis

301, Justicia comata
Araque-M., Jorge, & Barkley,
402, Ruellia pennellii
Fred A.
447. Justicia pliytolaccoides
512. Sancliezia pennellii 18An.360. Ruellia geminiflora var. an-
513. Sancliezia pennellii guslifolia
665. Stenandrium dulce 19An.032. Aphelandra blandii

900. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastichan- 19At.08L Aphelandra pulcherrima
tha 19Bo.033. Aphelandra pulcherrima
1014, Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti- 19BoL83. Elytraria imbricata
chantha f. bicolor 19Ch.034. Thunbergia grandiflora
1055. Aphelandra lamprantha (type) 19Ch.058. Justicia comata
1094, Justicia ischnorachis I9Ch.ll2. Justicia comata
18M.015. Justicia filibracteolata var.
1203. RueUia aurantiaca (type)
1439 Ruellia ischnopoda leucantha
i 51
18M.018. Justicia ischnorhachis Ariste-Joseph, Brother

18M,026, Justicia filibracteolata var.
A224, Habracanthus raicrocalyx (type)
leucantha
A360. Aphelandra glabrata
ISM. 027. Justicia filibracteolata var.
A375. Pseuderanthemum atropur-
leucantha
pureum
18M.033. Aphelandra barkleyi (type)
A946. Ruellia paniculata
18M.041, Hygrophila guianensis
A973. Ruellia tubiflora
18M.054, Teliostachya lanceolata
1019. Aphelandra glabrata
I8M.058. Ruellia tubiflora var, tetras-
1055, Thunbergia alata
tichantha f. bicolor
lOGl, Trichanthera gigantea
18NS.106. Ruellia tuberosa
1081. Aphelandra grandis
18NS.153. Ruellia tuberosa
1082. Justicia filibracteolata
18S.212, Trichanthera corymbosa
1085. Kalbreyeriella rostellata
18S.247. Hygrophila guianensis
188*275. Justicia bracteosa Barkley, Fred A.
18S.316. Tetranierium nervosum
17C.345. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
18S.321. Tetramerium nervosum
18S.341. Habracanthus smithii Barkley, Fred A., & Araque-M.,
18Va.068. Sanchezia pennellii Jorge
18Vi.l28. Mendoncia hirsuta
Araque-M., Jorge; Otalora, An-

2L Ruellia tuberosa
tonio; & Barkley, Fred A. 22. RuelHa lorentziana
18NS.066, Aphelandra pulcherrima Barklet, Fred A.; Araque-Molina,

Jorge; & G6mez-J., Javier
Archer, W. A,
406. Justicia chlorostachya
14. Blechum brownei f. puberulum 424, Aphelandra runcinata
47. Thunbergia alata
88. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
Barkley, Fred A., & Arboleda-R.,
L. L.
460. Hygrophila guianensis
523. Trichanthera gigantea 3. Thunbergia fragrans
Barkley, Fred A.; Barros-N.,
818. Mendoncia gracilis
OviDio; & Alvarez-A,, Ricardo
871. Justicia filibracteolata 381. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
899. Hygrophila guianensis 393. Ruellia tuberosa
1093. Aphelandra runcinata
Barkley, Fred A.; Correa-V.,
1354, Dicliptera scandens (type)
Jairo; & P£rez-F,, C^sar A.
1640. Justicia archeri (type) 102, Justicia chlorostachya
1673. Pseuderantheraum chilianthiura
Barkley, Fred A.; Correa-V.,
1708. Mendoncia glabrescens
Jairo; & Posad a-S., Samuel
173L Aphelandra lingua-bovis
1803, Sanchezia pennellii 101. Aphelandra runcinata
1925. Justicia comata
2003. Aphelandra dolichantha Barkley, Fred A., & Gtjti£rrez-V.,
2012. Aphelandra lingua-bovis (type) Gabriel
2097. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium 1834. Ruellia paniculata
2120. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium 1835. Ruellia inundata
2174, Sanchezia lutea (type) 1830. Elytraria imbricata
2220. Justicia comata 1857. Dicliptera assurgens
Barklet, Fred A,; Klevens, Milton Collenette, C, L

Jon; & Guti£rrez-V., Gabriel
557, Sanchezia lutea
17C.380. Ruellia tuberosa 630. Aphelandra arisema
614. Justicia petraea (typo)
BarkleYj Fred A.; Rfos-C, Danilo; &
Betancourt-0., Alberto Core, Earl L,
618. Aphelandra scolnikae 591, Habracanthus pilosus

819. Ptseuderanthemum thelothrix
Barkley, Fred A.; Skolnik, Rosa;& (typ^)
G6mez, Javier 825. Mendoncia lindavii
413. Justicia comata 1200. Habracanthus corci (type)
1322. Neriacanthus lehmannianus
BarklkYj Fred A.; Scolnik, Rosa; & 1324. Neriacanthus lehmannianu3
Orozco, TomAs G, 1377. Kalbreyeriella rostellata
523. Aphelandra scolnikae (type)
1501, Trichanthera gigantea
Barkley, Fred A.; Scolnik, Rosa; & 1558. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii
RamIrez, Emilio 1619. Aphelandra huilensis
522. Justicia chlorostachya Cuatrecasas, J,
209. Habracanthus callianthus

BecharA'ZainuMj Juan; Araque-M.,
214, Dicliptera sciaphila (type)
Jorge; & Barkley, Fred A.
1088. RuelUa tuberosa
19Bo.085. Blechum brownei f. puber- 1119. Ruellia tuberosa
ulum 1924. Trichanthera gigantea
19Bo.094. Justicia comata 1985. Teliostachya lanceolata var. crispa
19Bo,218. Aphelandra pulcherrima 3577. Justicia comata
3810. Aphelandra deppeana
Billberg, Johan I, 3816. Aphelandra deppeana
1. Tetramerium nervosuni
113. Elytraria inibricata
4269. Justicia periplocifolia
Camilo, H. Antonio
78. Sanchezia lutea 4513. Justicia filibracteolata var, leu-
cantha (type)
Cardona-GonzXlez, Luis; Gutier-
4518, Justicia ischnorhachis
rez- V.j Gabriel; & Barkley, Fred A
4535. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
18C.049. Justicia pectoraUs antha
18C.077. Aphelandra dacraonia 4536. Ruellia humboldtiana
18C.089. OtJontonema bracteolatum 4538. Aphelandra barkleyi
4591. Ruellia tubiflora var. hirsuta
Cervantes, Julio; Araque-M., Jorge; (type)
& Barkley, Fred A. 4627, Sanchezia lutea
4631. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
19Bo.054. Blechum brownei f, puber-
antha
ulum
4701, Justicia filibracteolata var. auran-
19Bo.060. RuelHa tuberosa
tiaca
4709. Justicia ischnorhachis
Cheesman, L. E.
4727, Ruellia geminiflora
533. Ruellia gorgonensis (type) 6878. Aphelandra deppeana
7075- Ruellia humboldtiana 11631. Aphelandra phobora

7223. Aphelandra pilosa (type) 12873. Aphelandra macropliylla (type)
7317. Ruellia humboldtiana 12883. Aphelandra parvispica (type)
7339, Aphelandra deppeana 12897. Aphelandra macropliylla
7383. Justicia croceochlamys 12976, Ruellia humboldtiana
7442. Sanchezia pennellii 13061, Justicia stereostachya (type)
7456, Aphelandra impressa 13109, in part. Mendoncia coccinea
7478. Aphelandra pilosa var, elliptica
7536. Justicia hyperdasya (type) 13109, in part. Mendoncia sprucei
7542. Justicia hyperdasya 13198. Justicia unguiculata
7586. Teliostachya lanceolata 13374. Aphelandra impressa
7640. Ruellia geminiflora var, angusti- 13382. Justicia ischnorhachis
folia 13437. Trichanthera gigantea
8519, Habracanthus floriferus (type) 1373L Justicia chrysca (type)
8740. Habracanthus cuatrecasasii (type) 14111. Justicia comata
8859. Mendoncia coccinea 14236. Hygrophila guianonsis
9052. Aphelandra pilosa 14345. Justicia comata
9064. Mendoncia pilosa 14346. Hygrophila tyttha
9147, Justicia filibracteolata var. lila- 14461, Thunbergia alata
cina (type) 14510. Blechum brownei f. pubcrulum
10524. Justicia polygonoides 14530. Ruellia malacosperma
10529. Ruellia tubiflora 15035, Ruellia potamophila
10529a. Ruellia tolimensis (type) 15160. Kalbreyeriella rostellata
105G2. Aphelandra pilosa 15205. Mendoncia glabrescens
10581. Justicia sanchezioides (type) 15216. Mendoncia cordata (type)
10629. Pscuderanthemum potamophil- 15275. Jacobinia tinctoria
um (type) 15303. Justicia chlorostachya
10656. Aphelandra pilosa 15317, Pseuderanthemum hylophilum
1067 L Pseuderanthemum poecilanthum (type)
(type) 15388. Kalbreyeriella rostellata
10733. Trichanthera gigantea 15400. Aphelandra arborescens (type)
10757. Justicia idiogenes (type) 15436. Aphelandra Iciophylla (type)
10848. Justicia hygrobia (type) 15438, Justicia chlorostachya
10918, Sanchezia pennellii 15468. Dicliplera sarcochroma (type)
10919. Sanchezia putumayensis 1550G. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii
10933. Justicia chloanantha 15625. Neriacanthus grandiflorus (type)
11007. Aphelandra impressa 15916. Justicia comata
11027. Ruellia colorata 16003. Justicia comata
11044. Teliostachya lanceolata 10060. Justicia comata
11051. Sanchezia pennellii 16069. Aphelandra hartwcgiana
11086. Pseuderanthemum potamophiU 16322. Sanchezia pennellii
um 16334. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
11109. Sanchezia speciosa 16355. Aphelandra hartwcgiana
11134. Mendoncia cuatrecasasii (type) 16424. Ruellia colombiana (type)
11137. Justicia chloanantha (type) 16433. Pseuderanthemum ctenosper-
11157, Justicia pelianthia (type) mum (type)
11231. Sanchezia parvibracteata 16444. Justicia chlorostachya
11241. Hygrophila guianensis 16672. Hygrophila tyttha
11271. Kalbreyeriella gigas (type) 16705. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii (type)
11276. Ruellia tubiflora var. parviflora 16811. Justicia sterea (type)
f.alba (type) 16847. Mendoncia glabrescens
11352. Aphelandra crispata (type) 17093. Justicia comata
11435. Habracanthus agl (typo) 17101, Hygrophila tyttha
17182. Mendoncia glabrescens CURRAN, H. M.

17231. Aphelandra hartwegiana
17238. Mendoncia glabrescens (type) 99. Aphelandra deppeana
17317, Pseuderanthemum chilianthium
17529. Mendoncia litoralis (type)
222. Bravaisia integerrima
264a. Ruellia obtusa
17736. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium 308. Bravaisia integerrima
18484. Aphelandra phobera (type)
18515. Habracanthus pycnostachys 415. Ruellia tuberosa
(type)
18656. Blechum brownei f. puberulum Daniel, Brother
18716. Teliostachya lanceolata
18751. Aphelandra arborescens
1790. Justieia filibracteolata
18783. Dicliptera cuatrecasasii (type)
19710. Ruellia ischnopoda
2970. Dicliptera danielii (type)
20236. Aphelandra euopla (type)
20941. Justieia malacophylla (type)
20947, Dicliptera driophila (type)
4024. Aphelandra runcinata var. pilosa
21205. Sanchezia pennellii
21206. Aphelandra hartwegiana Daniel, Brother, & TomXs, Brother
21246. Hygrophila tyttha
2589. Aphelandra blandii
21428. Justieia killipii
21641. Mendoncia microchlamys
21646. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii Dawe, M. T.
(type)
201, Stenandrium dulce
22063. Justieia comata
229. Mendoncia lindavii
22210. Justieia chlorostachya
440. Justieia chaetocephala
22266. Justieia chlorostachya
616. Ruellia macrophylla
22283. Aphelandra porphyrolepijs (type)
22284. Aphelandra taborensis (type)
847. Pseuderanthemum dawei (type)
900. Aphelandra pilosa
22764. Thunbergia alata Dryander, E.
22770. Justieia polygonoides
23321. Aphelandra acanthus
Thunbergia fragrans
413.
23462. Aphelandra huilensis
681. Aphelandra arborescens
23467, Jacobinia amphibola (type)
23468. Habracanthus caucensis (type)
23848, Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii
2337. RueUia geminiflora
23929. Habracanthus pycnostachys DUGAND, A.
23947. Ruellia potamophila
CUATRECASAS, J., & GARcf A-BaRRIGA, H.
9820. Dichptera garciae (type) 168. Bravaisia integerrima
CuatrecasaSj J.; Sciiultes, R, E.; & 542. Bravaisia integerrima
Smith, E.
12419. Habracanthus trichotus (type) 1063. Ruellia paniculata
12511. Justieia fuchsiifolia (type) 3605. Pseuderanthemum atropurpure-
12516. Aphelandra parvispica um
3623. Elytraria imbricata 4153. Odontonema bracteolatum var.

3630. Ruellia inundata parviflorum
3633. Ruellia paniculata 4155. Ruellia macrophylla
3039. Elytraria imbricata 4160, Justicia leucerythra
4014. Ruellia inundata 4164. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
4420. Blcchum brownei f. puberulum
4427. Ruellia inundata DUQUE, J. M.

DUGAND, A., & GARCfA-BARRIGA, H. 1339, Justicia pectoralis var. steno-
phylla
2272. Justicia bracteosa
1396. Thunbcrgia fragrans
2273, Aphclandra pulchemma
1446. Ruellia lorcntziaua
2287. Justicia Icuccrythra
1570A. Jacobinia magnifica
2318. Elytraria imbricata
1660. Habracanthus pycnostachya
1701. Jacobinia tinctoria
2343. Justicia carthaginensis
1804. Thunbcrgia fragrans
2362. Ruellia paniculata EltaSj Brotuer
2369. Ruellia obtusa
2371. Dicliptera assurgens 143, Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum
2383. Ruellia obtusa 160. Elytraria imbricata
2384, Blechum brownei f. puberulum 234. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum

2436. Ruellia inundata 247, Ruellia obtusa
2445. Ruellia paniculata 287. Justicia laevilinguis
2493, Odontonema bracteolatum 351. Justicia carthaginensis
2535. Barlcria cristata 433. Ruellia paniculata
2539. Ruellia obtusa 440. Aphelandra pulcherrima
2545. Ruellia paniculata 444. Bravaisia integerrima
2549, Aplielandra pulcherrima 473. Nelsonia bruuelloides
496, Justicia bracteosa
DuGAND, A., & Jaramillo, R*
502. Barleria cristata
2701. Aphelandra pulcherrima 622. Asystasia gangetica
2725. Elytraria imbricata 670. Justicia bracteosa
2740. Ruellia paniculata 676. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
2767. Elytraria imbricata 681, Justicia leucerythra
2797, Ruellia inundata 695. Ruellia macrophylhi
2798. Dicliptera vahliana 705. Aphelandra pulcherrima
2800. Aphelandra pulcherrima 707. Ruellia inundata
2852. Odontonema bracteolatum 720. Ruellia paniculata
2920, Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti- 735. Barleria micans
chantha f. bicolor 742. Odontonema bracteolatum
3113. Ruellia humboldtiana 746. Ruellia inundata
3117. Aphelandra pilosa 753. Barleria cristata
3242. Ruellia obtusa 788. Ruellia macrophylla
3280. Ruellia obtusa 794. Thunbergia grandiflora f. alba
3871. Mendoncia gracilis (type)
4053. Aphelandra pulcherrima 82 L Ruellia paniculata
4061. Barleria micans 857. Ruellia inundata
4091. Ruellia paniculata 860. Aphelandra pulcherrima
4094. Bravaisia integerrima 915. Elytraria imbricata
4096. Justicia bracteosa 952. Bravaisia integerrima
4154. Barleria micans 974. Bravaisia integerrima
LEONARD —THE ACANTHACEAE OP COLOMBIA, III 757
980. Barleria cristata Foster, M. B.

988. Ruellia obtusa
1155. Ruellia inundata
FuNCK, Nicolas, & Schlim, Louis
1180, Justicia bracteosa
Joseph
12G5. Bravaisia integerrima
1375. Ruellia paniculata 694. Ruellia tuberosa
1408. Thunbergia grandiflora GabrieLj H. Antonino
1411. Justicia leucerythra
6. Stenandrium dulce
1507* Bravaisia integerrima GARCfA-BARRIGA, H.
EwANj Joseph A. 3067, Justicia filibracteolata

15622, Stenandrium humboldtianum
15628. Dicliptera ewanii (type)
15629. Pseuderanthemum ewanii (type)
4857. Habracanthus scolnikae
5107. Ruellia geminiflora
15833. Thunbergia grandiflora f. citrina
5126. Ruellia humboldtiana
(type)
5131. Ruellia geminiflora var. angusti-
16501. Aphelandra gilva (type)
folia
16785, Ruellia tubiflora var, parviflora
(type)
5177. Dicliptera ochrochlamys (type)
FernXndez, a. 5 181. Phaulopsis oppositifolia
ott^ 5196. Ruellia geminiflora
Aphelandra fernandezii (type)
350, Justicia filibracteolata
354, Aphelandra hartwegiana
FernXndez, a., & Mora, L. E 7720, Mendoncia odorata
1442, Pseuderanthemum ellipticum 8341. Justicia phytolaccoidcs
8346. Justicia phytolaccoides
FOSBERG, F. R. 10998. Ruellia longifilamentosa
19129. Mendoncia sprucei 11128. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium

19131. Aphelandra coccinantha (type)
19492, Justicia macarenensis
19791. Hansteinia charitopes (type)
12049. Pseuderanthemum atropurpur-
19941. Habracanthus caucensis

eum
20115, Jacobinia amphibola
12137. Ruelha tuberosa
20160, Ruellia humboldtiana
20901. Habracanthus ampelinus
12268, Aphelandra lasia
21244. Justicia atacta (type)
21438. Dicliptera assurgens
12322. Ruellia fulgida var. angustis-
sima
12323. Aphelandra lasia
12347. Dicliptera columbiana
FosBERG, F, R.J cfe Fassett, N. C.
21733. Habracanthus syscius (type) 12355. Dicliptera columbiana (type)
21809. Aphelandra trichota (type) 12358. Aphelandra glabrata
12381. Justicia polygonoides 9439. Habracanthus charien (type)

12390. Hygrophila guianensia 9647. Habracanthus ampelinus (type)
12394. Mendoncia lindavii 9811. Aphelandra quadrifaria (type)
12417. Justicia filibracteolata var. pub- 10013. Ruellia grantii (type)
escens 10278. Justicia aurantiaca
12467. Justicia filibracteolata var. pub- 10363. Aphelandra grantii (type)
escens 10388. Ruellia humboldtiana
12473. Odontonema ampelocaule (type) 10431. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti-
12478. Ruellia longifilamentosa chantha caesoUneata (type)

f.
12543* Trichanthera gigantea 10706. Ruellia paniculata

12589. Pseuderanthetnum ellipticum 10731. Habracanthus atitipharmacus
12595, Stenandrium humboldtianum (type)
12646. Justicia phytolaccoides 10764, Ruellia macrophjUa
13415. Ruellia tuberosa 10900. Justicia enarthrocoma (type)
13454. Ruellia obtusa f. albiflora (type) 11000. Ruellia macrophylla
13653. Justicia neurochlamys
13718. Justicia pectoralis Grant, Martin L., & Fosberg, F. R.
14096. Justicia neurochlamys (type)

9319, Aphelandra fosbergii (type)
14377. Pseuderanthemum galbanum
9326. Habracanthus xantholeucus(type)
(type)
9341. Justicia aurantiaca (type)
14399. Mendoncia garciae (type) 9343. Habracanthus pilosus (type)
14403. Mendoncia phalacra (type)
Grant, Martin L.; Killip, E. P.; &
GARcfA-BARHIGA, H., & HaWKES, J. G.
FOSBERG, F.. R.
12685. Jacobinia magnifica
9124. Aphelandra pinarotricha (type)
GarcIa-Barbiga, H.; Hawkes, J. G.; & Guevara-Am6ktegui, B,

ViLLARREAL, M.
260. Aphelandra grandis (type)
12945. Habracanthus hylobius
267. Pseuderanthemum eUipticum
315, Kalbreyeriella rostellata
Garganta-FXbrega, Miguel De Guti^rrez-V., Gabriel

410. Thunbergia grandi flora
comata
416. Justicia
1300. Justicia sciera (type)
GiACOMETTO, Juan
78. Odontonema bracteolatum var. GuTifiRREZ-V., Gabriel, & Barklky,

parviflorum Fred A.
80. Justicia chrysocoma
94. Odontonema bracteolatum
17C.04L Ruellia tuberosa
Granger, J. S., & Rodriguez-A., C.
Guti£rrez-V., Gabrieil, & SCHU 9,
10. Aphelandra granger] (type) Richard Evans
Grant, Martin L. 506. Aphelandra schultesii

606. Justicia gutierrezii (type)
9011, Habracanthus callianthus (type) 789. Mendoncia pcidunculata
9167. Aphelandra atectmarta (type) 936, Aphelandra schultesii (type)
Haught, Oscar 2596. RueUia geminifolia var. angusti-

folia
1315. Aphelandra incarnata (type) 2613. Aphelandra deppeana
1379. Odoutonema coccineuin 2812. Ruellia humboldtiana
1464. Aphelandra crenata (type) 2841. Odontonema coccineum
1496a. Ruellia aquatica 2853. Justicia phytolaccoides
1497* Aphelandra mollis 3632. Justicia aSthes (type)
1498. RueUia pennellii 3645. Justicia chaetocephala
1538. Sanchezia penneUii 3659. Ruellia macrophylla
1561, Ruellia pennellii 3716. Justicia chaetocephala
1580. Ruellia pennellii 3727. Odontonema bracteolatum
1581. Justicia daidalea (type) 3739. Justicia leucerythra
1603. Justicia daidalea 3746. Ruellia macrophylla var. puberula
1672. Jacobinia axiologa (type)
1750. Aphelandra straminea (type) 3759. Aphelandra pulcherrima
1754. Justicia helonoma (type) 3775. Chaetothylax haughtii (type)
1762. Ruellia aquatica (type) 3816. Justicia pharmacodes
1788. Justicia phytolaccoides 3864. Ruellia inundata
1799. Mendoncia gilva (type) 3865. Elytraria imbricata
1807- Justicia phytolaccoides 3928. Justicia bracteosa
182L Mendoncia lindavii 3929. Siphonoglossa calcarea (type)
1835. Sanchezia pennellii 3930. Ruellia inundata
1862. Justicia filibracteolata var. pubes- 3931. Tetramerium nervosum
cens 3944. Aphelandra phlogea (type)
1936. Aphelandra grandis 3945. Aphelandra lasia (type)
1948. Aphelandra haughtii (type) 3946. Odontonema bracteolatum
1986. Jacobinia axiologa (type) 3947. Justicia chrysocoma
2055. Odontonema coccineum (type) 3974. Pseuderanthemum haughtii (type)
2086. Aphelandra haughtii 3989. Bravaisia integerrima
2099. Ruellia pennellii 3999. Justicia pharmacodes
2098. Aphelandra incarnata 4021. Ruellia paniculata
2135. Justicia namatophylla (type) 4072, Justicia pharmacodes (type)
2138. Teliostachya lanceolata var. crispa 4282. Mendoncia speciosa
2186. Justicia helonoma 4384. Ruellia obtusa
2283. Justicia chaetocephala 4391. Justicia carthaginensis
2302. Justicia chaetocephala 4484. Odontonema bracteolatum
2360. Justicia chaetocephala 4510. Habracanthus antipharmacus
2364. Ruellia ischnopoda (type) 4545. Sanchezia pennellii
2388. Justicia comata 4649. Trichanthera gigantea
2396. Justicia erythrantha 4554. Justicia ephemera
2414. Chaetochlamys columbiensis 4564. Justicia phlebophylla (type)
(type) 45G5. Justicia homoea (type)
2449, Aphelandra glabrata 4699. Aphelandra hartwegiana
2458. Ruellia humboldtiana 4723. Kalbreyeric4la rostellata
2494, Mendoncia odorata (type) 4750. Justicia bracteosa
2501. Aphelandra deppeana 4751. Ruellia inundata
2528. Aphelandra barkleyi 4753. Justicia carthaginensis
4760. Tetramerium nervosum
2532. Phaulopsis opposilifoiia
47G3. Justicia leucerythra
2560. Justicia ischnorhachis 4772. Justicia filibracteolata
2569. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti- 4773, Justicia filibracteolata
chantha f. bicolor (type) 4775. Justicia ephemera (type)
4922. Mendoncia mirabilis (type) 10973. Aphelandra deppettna

4929. Ruellia chariessa (type) 11102. Ruellia geminiflora var. angusti-
4953. Justicia polygonoidea foHa
497C. Blechum haughtii (type) 11117- Ruellia tubiflora var. tetra-
5174, Aphelandra phobera stichantlia f. bicolor
5323. Pseuderanthemum ctenosper- 11156. Teliostachya alopecuroidea
mum 11198. Ruellia geminiflora
5337. Aphelandra craura (type) 11287. Justicia comata
5390, Pseuderanthemum ctenosper-
mum HernXndez-C, Jorge
5489, Pseuderanthemum diachylum 809. Dicliptera uribei
(type)
HiLARINO-AnGEL, T3ROTIiER
5528. Aphelandra incarnata
6013. llazisea spicata 50. Justicia bracteosa
C031- Habracanthus lamprus (type) 97. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
6108. Aphelandra runcinata var. stram- 109. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum
inea (type)
6179. Dicliptera haughtii (type)
Hodge, W, H
G242. Justicia phytolaccoidcs (type) G504. Justicia hodgei (type)
C243. Aphelandra incarnata 6511. Jacobinia axiologa
6256. Ruellia tubiflora 6513, Aphelandra hodgei (type)
6382. Ruellia ischnopoda 6585. Habracanthus hispidulus (type)
6383. Justicia infelix 6605. Aphelandra runcinata
6385. Ruellia tubiflora 6978. Justicia phlebophylla
6429. Ruellia tubiflora 7012. Aphelandra Ungua-bo^'is
6711. Elytraria imbricata 7034. Odontouema stenostachyum
6716. Justicia carthaginensis 7053. Aphelandra hartwegiana
6729. Justicia leucerythra (type)
6730. Aphelandra daemonia
HOLTON, I. F.

Hawkes, J. G, 23. Ruellia fulgida var. angustissima
587. Aphelandra mildbracdiana

25. RueUia ischnopoda
282. RueUia tubiflora
Hekiberto, Brother 592. Aphelandra acanthus
594. Justicia polygonoides
136. Elytraria imbricata 597. Ruellia geminiflora
188. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti- 598. RuelUa lorentziana
chantha 600. Ruellia ischnopoda
2G8. Aphelandra pulcherrima
276, Justicia bractcosa Ideobo, J. M.
303. Ruelha pauiculata Pseuderanthemum idroboi (type)
530.
304. Ruellia paniculata Mendoncia villosa
506.
357. Aph(^landra doppeana IdrobOj J. M., & Fernandez, A.
comata
367. Justicia
410, Thunbergia fragrans
460. Ruellia macrophylla IdrOBO; J. M., & SCHULTES, RiCHARD
Evans
Hermann, F. J.
568. RueUia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
10926. Trichanthcra gigantea antha f. bicolor
10942. Ruellia humboldtiana 631, Aphelandra pilosa
-t
682. Sanchezia pennellii 11584. Mendoncia gracilis

825. Justicia cystolithosa (type) 11635. Ruellia geminiflora
840. Aphelaiidra impressa 11788. Aplielandra dolichautha
885. Aphelandra crenata 34261. Justicia comata
916. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich- 34330- Ruellia geminiflora var. angusti-
antha f. bicolor folia
920. Ruellia potamophiia 34345. Trichanthera gigantea

959. Justicia ischnorhachis 34354. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
1079. Justicia charadrophiIa"{type) antha f. bicolor
1207. Aphelandra lamprantha 34355. Justicia fihbracteolata var. Icu-
1218* Justicia macarenensis cantha
1223. Aphelandra deppeana 34361. Ruellia humboldtiana
1283. Justicia cystolithosa 34377. Mendoncia lindavii
34489. Aphelandra barkleyi
Johnson, William, & Barkley, 34738. Aphelandra dolichantha
Fred A. 34738bis. Kalbreyeriella rostellata
18C,409, Aphelandra glabrata 34747. Ruellia potamopliila (type)
18C.448. Ruollia colombiana 34807. Kalbreyeriella rostellata
Kalbreyer, W. 34890. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
344, Aphelandra nana 34892. Fittonia argyroncura F
61 L Aphelandra mildbraedian a 34938. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii

794. Aphelandra lasia 35008. Sanchezia pennelHi
930. Justicia xanthostachya (type) 35198. Justicia fihbracteolata
1043. Justicia jacobinioides (type) 35270. Pseuderanthemum chilianthiura
1171. Justicia fuchsiifolia (type)
1252. Syringidiura atropurpureurn 35365. Thunbergia fragrans
(type) 35374. Aphelandra killipii (type)
1257. RueUia geminifiora 35383, Hygrophila tyttha (type)

1524. Kalbreyeriella rostellata 35386, Teliostachya lanccolata
1849. Aphelandra quadrifaria 35399. Sanchezia pennellii
2049. RuelUa tubiflora 35469. Justicia killipii (type)
35534. Fittonia argyroneura
KiLLip, E. p. 35574. Justicia infelix (type)
5078. Blechum brownei f. puberulum 35586. Aphelandra glabrata
5290. Blechum brownei f. puberulum 35589. Justicia fihbracteolata var, azu-
5294. Hygrophila guianensis rea (type)
6676. Aphelandra pharangophila (type) 35590, Pachystachys riedeliana
5692. Pseuderanthemum dawei 35666. Justicia chlorostachya
5699. Justicia chlorostachya 37107, RueUia macrophylla var. lutca
6147. Mendoncia gracihs (type, Venezuela)
6796, Aphelandra phobera 38086. Habracanthus hylobius
6818. Dicliptera killipii (type)
KiLLiPj E. P.; Bakkley, Fred A.;&
Daniel, Brother
7742. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii
7783. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii 39837. Aphelandra runcinata var. pilosa
7786. Justicia chlorostachya (type)
8335. Dicliptera pilosa
KiLLip, E, P., & Cuatrecasas, J.
11175. Mendoncia pennellii
11451. Blechum brownei f. puberulum 38856. Hygrophila tyttha
11477. Ruellia potamophiia 38857. Ruellia pennellii
11565. Justicia comata 39123. Aphelandra garciae
388179—57 29
L B
'^ -
r^h^- 3 q
V,,^
KiLLip, E. p.; DuGAND, A,;& Jara- 16816, Justicia filibracteolata var. pu-
AIILLO, R. bescens
38155. Aphelandra glabrata 17031. Justicia filibracteolata
38237. Aphelandra glabrata 17042. Justicia fihbracteolata var. pu-
38257, Ruellia lorcntziana Griseb, bescens
38284. Justicia erytlirantha (type) 19040. Justicia filibracteolata
38289. Cliaetochlamys eoluinbiensis 19257. Habracanthus smithii (type)
38346. Aphelandra longispica (type) 19262. Aphelandra runcinata
19359. Ruellia tubiflora var. tctrasti-
KiLLiPj E. P., & GarcIa, Hernando chantha
19391. Justicia chrysocoma
33318. Pseuderanthemum ctenosper-
19960. Habracanthus killipii (type)
mum
20080. Justicia fihbracteolata var. pu-
bescens
33444. Aphelandra dohchantha
20140. Trichanthera corymbosa (type)
33532, Aphelandra garciae (type)
20157, Habracanthus di versicolor
33559, Ruellia pennellii
20451. Habracanthus killipii
3357C. Aphelandra incarnata
35639, Aphelandra hartwegiana
20891. Trichantliera gigantea
33671. Justicia chlorostachya (type)
2093 L Aphelandra pulcherrima
20932. Odontonema bracteolatum
20978. RueUia tuberosa
KiLLip, E. P.J & Hazen, Tracy 21100. Justicia rohrii
E.
8795. Justicia chlorostachya KiLLip, E. P., & Varela, Guillbrmo

KiLLip, E. P., & Smith, Albert C.
Klug, G.
14148- Justicia carthaginensis
1053. Sanchezia putumaycnsis (type)
1693. Justicia sanchezioides
14212. Ruelha obtusa
1696, Ruellia putumayensis (type)
1710. Mendoncia glomerata (type)
14310, Aphelandra pulcherrima
1724. Justicia pampolystachys (type)
14516, Aphelandra pulcherrima
1742. Justicia martiana
1760. Mendoncia aspera
1768. Justicia filibracteolata var, lila-
14767, Blechum brownei f. puberulum cina
1813. Justicia idiogenes
1918. Mendoncia pedunculata
14979. Megaskepasma erythrochlamys
15368. Mendoncia rosea (type) K0IB, M.
4671, Habracanthus xanthothrix (type)
16091, Justicia anabasa (type)
5043. Mendoncia trichota (typo)
5056. Dicliptera koiei (type)
16283. Aphelandra albert-smithii (type)
16355. Barleria micans Langlasse, E.
16462. Justicia chrysocoma 44. Neriacanthus lehmannianus
16491. Justicia filibracteolata var. pu-
bescens
Laureano-Javiee, Brother
10797. Justicia chrysocoma (type) 17, Habracanthus hylobius
Lawrance, a. E. 5601, Justicia chlorostachya

18. Aphelandra chaponensis (type)
60. Justicia chaponensis (type)
6442. Stenandrium dulce
69, Mendoncia lindavii
198, Razisea spicata
7266. Pseuderanthemumcladodes (type)
7440. Aphelandra colombiensis (type)
201. Aphelandra parvifiora (type)
7845. Aphelandra incarnata
243. Aphelandra lawranceae
244. Aphelandra lawranceae (type)
7849. Dicliptera valihana
252. Aphelandra lawranceae
7850. Ruellia fulgida var. angustissima
258. Dicliptera batilliformis (type)
264. Mendoncia microchlamys (type)
291, Aphelandra parvifiora
(type)
363. Mendoncia odorata
8534. Pseuderanthemum dawei
8632. Aphelandra puberula
44 L Pseudoranthemum chaponense
Su92. Ruellia ischnopoda
(type)
8S22. Ruellia humboldtiana
49 L Ruellia viridiflora (type)
501. Pscudcranthcmum chaponense
9048. Encephalosphaera vitellina (type)
f. lilacinum (type)
502. Cyphacanthus atopa (type) Linden, J, J.
564< RueUia tubifiora var. tetrasti-
chantha f bicolor
.
703. Odontonema bracteolatum var.
parviflorum
565. Aphelandra boyacensis (type)
GOL Aphelandra alexandri (type)
LiTTLEj Elbert L.
680. Aphelandra adscendens (type)
694. Kalbreyeriella rostellata 7930. Trichanthera gigantea
761. Mendoncia penneUii 8030. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa
8135. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa
Lehman N*j F. C,
LONGFIELD, C.
B.T.428. Jacobinia tinctoria
B.T.435. Justicia filibracteolata 381. RueUia gorgonensis
B.T.438. Jacobinia tinctoria
B,T.449, Neriacanthus lehmannianus L6pez, F., & Sanchez, M. J.
B.T.654, Blechum brownei f. puberu-

41. Justicia phlebophylla
lum
53. Odontonema stenostachyum (type)
B.T*1165. Aphelandra pharangophila
1887. Pachystachys riedehana Mason, Herbert L.
3040, Trichanthera gigantea 13817. Ruellia geminiflora
3164. Ruellia colorata 13978. Ruellia tuberosa
Mesa-B., D.
4104. Odontonema coccineum 82. Hygrophila guianensis
4478. RueUia rusbyi
4739. RueUia fulgida var. angustissima Metcalf, R. D
4740. Jacobinia spicigera
4985. Fittonia argyroneura 30019. Ruellia tuberosa
MeTCALF, R. D., & CUATRECASAS, J
5506. Aphelandra scricophylla
6600. Fittonia argyroneura 30075. Ruellia penneUii
MoTiDENKE, Alma; Willakd, Luis; & 1397. Mendoncia lindavii

Barkley, Fred A. 1473. Justicia comata
18VC.000. Ruellia geminiflora
1478, Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti-
Molina, Felix chantha f. bicolor
35, Iliibracanthus heliopliilus (type)
MuTis, Jos^ Celestino 1714. Justicia filibracteolata var. leu-
cantha
440. Ruellia iscbnopoda
2191, Stenandrium dulce
2GC7. Habracanthus callianthus
725, Justicia polygonoides
2700. Pseuderanthemum ellipticum
81)2* Justicia phytolaccoidcs
S95. Mendoncia villosa
2812, Justicia carthaginensis
910. Mendoncia mutisii (type)
2831. Justicia erytlirantha
2842; Thunbergia alata
M88. Justicia comata
1489. Aphelandra dcppeana
1494, Aphelandra aurantiaca
3320. Aphelandra pharangophila
1500, rseuderanthcmum pennellii
3397, Justicia chlorostachya
1501. Aphelandra straminea
J502. Aphelandra longispica
3798. Sanchezia pennellii (type)
1508. Habracanthus hvlobius
1509. Aphelandra chaponensis
3948. Justicia laevilinguis
3958. Justicia laevilinguis
1943. Aphelandra mutisii (type)
3983. Staurogyne lepidagathoides
1944. Aphelandra phobera
(type)
3904. Justicia chaetocephala
3985. Chaetothylax leucanthus (type)
NiEMEYER, Ernestine H. 4021. Justicia bracteosa
Noval, Maria Di Palma, & Barkley, 4037. Dicliptera vahliana
Fred A. 4041, Justicia comata
18C.484. Aphelandra runcinata
Paul, Brother 4098. Justicia comata
R-7. Elytraria iinbricata
4104. Barleria micans
B-19. Justicia laevilinguis
B-26. Dicliptera vahliana
4115. RuelHa macrophylla
B-34. Ruellia paniculata
4178, in part. Ruellia macrophylla
B-30. Ruellia inundata
4178, in part. RucUia pennellii
C-11. Ruellia obtusa
4182. Ruellia colombiana
25. Pseudcranthcmuni atropurpureum 4206, in part. Justicia polygonoides
'12. Rut'hia paniculata
420G, in part. Justicia pectorahs
4236. Chaetothylax leucanthus
Pennell, Francis W.
443G, Pseuderanthemum stenosiphon
1384. Mendoncia sprucei (type)
4453. Pseuderanthemum stenosiphon 7436. Habracanthus oresbius

4499. Dicliptera megalochlamys (type) 8270. Hygrophfla guianensis
4500. Justicia graphophylla (type) 12131. Justicia chlorostachya
4526* Ruellia colombiana
Pennell, Francis W.; Killip, E. P.;
4529. Justicia leptochlamys (type)
tetrasti-
& Hazen, Tkaoy E,
4542. Ruellia tublflora var.
chantha 8414. Justicia polygonoides
4573. Sanchezia pcnnellii 8493. Hygrophila guianensis
4580. Aphelandra hartwegiana 8505, Justicia fihbractoolata
4581. Aphelandra incarnata 8572. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
4654. Justicia pectoralis 8630. Hygrophila guianensis
4657. Justicia comata 8630a. Pseuderanthemum elUpticum
4658. Ruellia pcnnellii (type) 8635. Thunbergia alata
4G97, Bravaisia integerrima 8637. Hygrophila guianensis
4728. Ruellia paniculata 8G95. Dicliptera hazenii (type)
4743. Ruellia paniculata 8897. Justicia filibracteolata
4750. Dicliptera vahliana
Pennell, Francis W., & Rusby, H. H.
4764, Ruellia obtusa
4779, Dicliptera vahliana 18. Ruelha obtusa
5475. Ruellia geminiflora 24. Justicia lacvilinguis
5676. Aphelandra glabrata 199a. Hygrophila guianensis
Perez-ArbelXez, E.
7556. Habracanthus oresbius (type)
7622. Justicia chlorostachya 35. Aphelandra barkleyi
9704. Aphelandra acanthus 50. Ruellia humboldtiana
10158. Aphelandra runcinata 379. Thunbergia grandiflora
10184. Ruellia pennellii 382. Thunbergia fragrans
10273. Justicia filibracteolata 385- Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum
10291, Thunbergia alata 399. Ruellia lorentziana
10320. Dicliptera hazenii 417. Aphelandra glabrata
10347. Justicia chlorostachya 576. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
10414. Habracanthus pennellii (type) antha

10593. Hygrophila guianensis 577. Thunbergia fragrans
10601. Mendoncia pennellii (type) 587. Justicia pleurolarynx
10624, Aphelandra arboresccns 733. Fittonia verschafl'eitii
10625. Pseuderanthemum eUipticum 746. Justicia sanchezioides
10684. Pseuderanthemum pennellii 2380. Hygrophila guumonsis
(type) 2471. RueUia tubcrosa
10798. Blechum brownei f. puberuhim 2518. Ruellia lorentziana
10802. Thunbergia alata 3031. Stenandrium dulce
10811. Justicia comata 3105. Chaetochlamys columbiensis
10940. Aphelandra runcinata 3106. Dicliptera nanodes (type)
10974. Blechum brownei f. puberulum 3148. Pseuderanthemum atropurpure-
12046. Justicia carthaginensis um
12047. Ruellia obtusa 4890. Ruellia tuberosa
12069. Elytraria imbricata 5343. Rueflia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
antlia
Pennell, Francis W., & Killip, E. P.
P£rez-Arbel1eZj E,, &
CuatrecasaSj J.
5970. Ruellia geminiflora 5320. Aphelandra runcinata
6193. Trichanthora gigantea 5346. Thunbergia alata var. bakcri
7392. Aphelandra phobera 5309. Hygrophila guianensis
6788. Dicliptera driopliila Rfos-C, Danilo; Barkley, Fred

5977. Dicliptera caucensis (type)
A.; &
Betancourt-0., Alberto
6200, ITabracanthus hylobius 605. Blechum brownei f. puberulurn
G267. Juriticia clilorostachya
Romero-CasteJJeda, R.
(5332. Trichantliera gigantea
6333. Thunbergia alata 34. Bravaisia integorrima
0372, Justicia infelix 257. Ruellia macrophylla
8132. Trichanthcra gigantea 557, Justicia leucerythra
8336. Ruellia grisea (type) 583. Aphelandra daemonia

PiTiLlPSON, W. R., & Idhobo, J. M. 608. Odontonema bracteolatum var.
1794, Justicia cystolitliosa parviflorum
1225. Mendoncia hirsuta
PiiiLTPsoN, W. U.; Idrobo, J. M.; &
Ruiz-L., Eduardo; Rivera, Rafael;
Fernandez, A.
& BarkleYj Fred A.
135L Aphelandra barkleyi
1304. Ruellia tubiflora var. tctrastich- 18C.316. Blechum brownei f. puberulurn
antha f, bicolor 18C.388. Aphelandra incarnata
1419. Aphelandra lamprantlia 18C.430. Justicia phlebophylla
RusBY, H. H,
1578. Justicia macarenensis (type)
1579. Justicia croceochlamys 4799. Ruellia obtusa
1580. Justicia filibracteolata var. leu- RusBY, H. H., & Pennell, Francis W.
cantlia
1627. Justicia 167, Ruellia tuberosa
filibracteolata var. lila-
cina 250. Ruellia tubiflora
lG27a. Tcliostachya 398. Ruellia geminiflora

lanceolata var.
crispa Aphelandra glabrata
409.
1G34. Justicia 470, Aphelandra anomala (type)

filibracteolata var. nia-
cin a 480. Chaetothylax huilensis (type)
1639. Trichanthcra gigantea 487. Dicliptera rhombochlamys (type)
1722. Sanchezia penncUii 510. Ruellia rusbyi

548. Ruellia rusbyi
Philipson, W. R.; IdrobO; J. M.; & 891. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa (type)
Jakamillo, R. 1000. Ruellia rusbyi (type)
204G, Ruellia potamophila 1060. Ruellia ischnopoda
2146. Justicia cywtolithosa 1104. Ruellia ischnopoda
2183. Justicia oreopola (type) 1163. Ruellia tuberosa
1178. Blechum brownei f. pubcrulum
PiTTlER, H.
Sandeman, Christopher
610. Neri acanthus lehmannianus
1506. Fittonia vcrschaffcltii 140. Neriacanthus lehmaxuiianus
5814. Justicia ischnorhachis
Pring, George H. 5821. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti-
36. Stenandrium dulee chantha f. bicolor
Record, S. J.
Sarmiento, A.
35, Justicia rohrii
36. Aphelandra daemonia 6. Justicia chlorostachya
ScHiEFEH, Helen 13570. Ruellia tubiflora var. parviflora

f. alba
757. Ruelliahumboldtiana
13710- Mendoncia aspera
14033. Justicia pectoralis
791, Aphelandra schieferae (type)
14079, Justicia pectoralis
813. Justicia unguiculata
145G8. Justicia pectoralis
813A* Justicia unguiculata (type)
14G19. Justicia pectoralis
828. Justicia filibractcolata var. leu-
14941A. Justicia pectoralis
cantha
15113. Mendoncia pedunculata
851. Aphelandra barklcyi
15244. Justicia pectoralis var. steno-
ScHLiM, Louis Joseph phylla
15342. Teliostachya petraea (type)
136. Ruellia f ulgida var. angustissima
258. Aphelandra macrophylla
17545. Justicia scytophylla (type)
17714. Sanchezia penneUii
537. Aphelandra mildbraediana
19093. Kalbreyeriella cabrerae (type)
779. Ruellia tubiflora
19093bis. Aphelandra crispata
780. Aphelandra nana (type)
19095. Kalbreyeriella cabrerae
887. Justicia pharmacodos
1093. Justicia sanchezioides Schultes, Richard Evans, & L6pez,
Francisco
SCHOTT, A,
10400K. IMendoncia lasiophyta (type)
Schultes, Richard Evans, & Villa-
ScHULTES, Richard Evans rreal, Mardoqueo
3480. Fittonia verscliafTeltii 7740, Habracanthus putumaycnsis (typ»e)
3507, Ruellia colorata

3538, Justicia idiogenes ScoLNiK, Rosa
6607. Sanchezia thinophila (type)
1636. Pseuderanthcinum chihanthiuni
6630. Aphelandra aurantiaca
6937. Sanchezia thinophila f. glabra ScoLNiK, Rosa; Araque-M,, Jorge; &
(type) Barkley, Fred A.
8248, Justicia comata
l9An.3l7. Ruellia tubcrosa
ScHULTES, Richard Evans; BakeRj 19An.439, Justicia filibractcolata
R, E. D.; & Cabrera, Tsidoro 19An,340, Habracanthus erythranthus
18455. Aphelandra pilosa (type)
18556. Justicia pectoralis 19An.47S. Mendoncia lindavii
Schultes, Richard Evans^ & Black, ScoLNiK, Rosa; Barkley, Fred A.; &
George A, Pe^Ja, Luis
8317- Justicia blackii (type) 554. Aphelandra scolnikae

8697. Justicia blackii
ScoLNiK, Rosa; Barkley, Fred A,; &
Schultes, Richard Evans, & Cabrera, Saiz-A., Luis E.
ISIDOKO
12679. Justicia cabrerae
ScOLNiK, Rosa; Barva L6pez, Nemesio ;
12701. Justicia cabrerae (type)

& Barkley, Fred A,
13322* Justicia schultesii (type) 19An.l99. Habracanthus scolnikae (typo)
ScoLNiK, Rosa; Rfos-C, Danilo; & Sneiderx, Kjell von

Betancourt-0., Alberto
624. Ruellia tuberosa 491, Habracautlius hylobius
SiLVANO'J*, Brother 494. Justicia comata
178. RuclIia fulgicia var. angustissima 612. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii
Smith, Herbert H. 621. Habracanthus hylobius
81. Bleclium brownei f, pubcrulum
647. Habracanthus hylobius (type)
90. Justicia rohrii {Beloperone san?)iar-
tc7isu^ type)
377, Justicia secunda
1137. Mendoncia spcciosa
804. RucUia tubiflora var. tetrastichan-
tha
1358. Justicia rhodoides (type)
808. Aphelandra sneidernii (type)
869. Aphelandra pubcrula (type)
1389, in part. Odontonema bracteo-
923. Aphelandra sih icola (type)
latum
1389, in part. Odontonema bractco-
971. Ruellia pennellii
latum var. parviflorum (type)
1012. Ruellia pennellii
1390. Odontonema rubrum
1032. Dicliptera caucensis
1061. Ruellia geminillora
1409. Bleclium brownei f. puberulum
1113. Aphelandra pharangophila
1240. Trichanthera gigantca
1411. Dicliptera sanctac-martac (type)
1413. Justicia secunda var. leucantha
(type)
1414. Aphelandra mildbraediana (type)
2646. Habracanthus congcstus (type)
1415. Aphelandra daemonia (type)
2647. RucUia caucensis (type)
2049. Aphelandra huilensis (type)
2650. Blechum brownei f, pubcrulum
1869. Bravaisia intcgerrima
2052, Trichanthera gigantca
Smith, S. Galen 5042. Pseuderanthemum sneidernii

(typo)
1137. Rucllia tuberosa 5075. RueJlia potamophila
1104. Chaetothylax huilensis 5080. Aphelandra lingua-bovis
comata
1199* Justicia 5293. Kalbreycriella rostellata
1272. Ruellia geminiflora Soto-IIerukra, Gentil
944, Aphelandra glabrata
Smith, S. Galen, & Iduobo, Jesus M. SrRAGUE, T. A.
1486. Ruellia macarenenais (type) 12. Justicia ischnorhachis
27. Staurogyne leptocaulis (type) Tracey, Mrs.

52. Ruellia gominiflora var. angustifolia 152. Aphelandra conformis
139. Justicia filibractoolata var. leu-
cantha Uuibe-Uribe, Lorenzo
246, Ruellia rusbyi
343. Dicliptera uribci (type)
387. Justicia saiichezioidcs
1319. Aphelandra barkleyi
394. Aphelandra lonchochlamys (type) filibracteolata var. leu*
1320. Justicia
396. Justicia chloanantha
cantha
402. Mendoncia spraguei (type)
601. Aphelandra ochrolarynx (type)
1437. Aphelandra uribci (type)
SteerEj William C. 1502. Aphelandra crenata

TarragoNj Hugo Dk; Araque-M.^ 1683. Justicia carthaginensis
Jorge; & Barkley, Fred A. 1754. Pseudteranthcmum ellipticum

ISCu.lOO, Stenandrium dulce
1862. Aphelandra xanthantha (type)
ToMAS, Brother 2029. Ruellia pennellii
770, Aphelandra runcinata
2207. Ruella fulgida var. angustissima
Toro, Rafael A. 2273. Ruellia ischnopoda
2308. Aphelandra sericophylla
2309. Justicia erythrantha
2335. Ruellia tubifiora
554. Thunbergia fragrans
2337. Aphelandra lasia
2496. Mendoncia villosa
943. Pscuderanthemum Iciophyllum
2567. Ruellia tubiflora
(type)
960. Mendoncia gracilis Walker, Fred
1260. Aphelandra runcinata var. pilosa
1282. Dicliptera assurgens
1369. Thunbergia fragrans
Torregroza, Manuel; Araque-M., Yepes-Agredo, Silvio

Jorge; & Barkley, Fred A, 202. Justicia chlorostachya
18At.502. Justicia carthaginensis Enrique; &
Yepes, Fmilio; Blair,
18At.504. Justicia carthaginensis
Barkley, Fred A.
18At.521. Elytraria imbricata
18At.522, Justicia carthaginensis 18C.300. Aphelandra incarnata
3881TD— 57 30
"
ERRATA
Parts I and II
Page iii (of Part I), line 14: For "72" read "73."
Page 5, line 20: For "Hcnrich" read "Heinricli."
Page 7, lino 2: For "Buena Vista" read "Buenavista."
Page 8, line 15: For "appressed-ovate" read "apprcssed, ovate."
Page 8, fifth line from bottom: Delete "Mare Caribe."
Page 8, second line from bottom: For "Sonto" read "Santo."
Page 10, line 11: Delete the line readiJig "Type species: Jusiicia
hruncUoidcs
Lam. Type locality: Java/' and substitute "There were two original species,
N. campcsiris R. Brown and N. rolundifolia R. Brown, of which the first may
be chosen as Icctotypc."
Page 12, line 14: For "1874" read "1847."
Page 12, line 16: For "Nees" read "Karsten ex Nees"; for "Engelio" read "Engel "
Page 12, line 26: For "Type" read "Lectotype."
Page 17, line 1; For "rotudatae" read "rotundatae."
Page 18, line 23: For "palidc" read "pallide."
Page 18, line 26: For "liisuta" read "hirsuta."
Page 22, line 11: After "Crucis" add "oppidum."
Page 22, line 12: For "Provincia" read "Provinciae".
Page 23, line 9 from bottom; For "dipositi" read "dispositi."
Page 26, line 14: For "Santurario" read "Santiiario."
Page 29, line 18 from bottom: For "1790" read "1825."
Page 30, line 25: For "Cubvij6n" read "Cubug6n."
Page 36, line 11: For "Bayaca" read "Boyaca."
Pago 44, line 17: For "species" read "series."
Page 44, line 18: For "at" read "in."
Page 44, line 19: For "at" read "in."
Page 44, line 5 from bottom: For "Phaylopsis" read "Phaulopsis."
Page 45, line 19: For "stamens 2 or 3" read "stamens 2 or 4."
Page 45, line 20 from bottom: For "Bignonaceae" read "Bignoniaceae."
Page 46, line 20: For "arhorea" read "arhorcus."
Pago 46, lino 20: For "pi. I40" read "pi. 150."
Page 49, last line: For "Freijito" read "Frejito."
Page 50, hne 16: For " lYicanihera" read " Trichanihera."
Page 50, line 18: For "March 4" read "March 3-8."
Page 52, line 19: Add "10" after "HoUon."
Page 52, line 21: For "Bermega" read "Bermcja."
Page 55, line 13: For "fasiculis" read "fasciculis.
Page 58, line from bottom: For "Porcesito" read "PorceciLo."
Page 58, line 5 from bottom: For "Killip & Hazen" read
"Pennell, Killip, &
Hazen."
Page 59, line 12 from bottom: For "Nouva" read "Nueva."
770
Page 60, line 18: For ^^PhaylopsW^ read ^^Phaulopsis"

Page 60, line 22: For "Type species Ruellia blechum L.'' read ^^hectoiypo: Blechu^n
brownei Jussieu."
Page 60, line 9 from bottom: For ''disseptiment" read ''dLsscpimcnt,"
Page 61, line 7 from bottom: For ''the type" read ''their types/'
Pago 62, line 6: For ^'Landa, Riveraj & Barkley^^ read ^^Ruiz-Landa, Rivera,
& Barkley,^^
Page 62, line 12: For ^^654'' read ''B. T. 654/'
Page 62, line 19: For "Gordona" read ''Gorgona."
Page 62, line 28: For "Playa Barba" read 'Tlaya Brava."
Page 62, line 16 from bottom: For ''hirellis" read ''hirtellis."
Page 65, line 7 from bottom: For ^'AppolUnaire^' read ^ÂpollinaireJ'
Page 66, line 9: For '^musilaginous" read ''mucilaginous."
Page 66, line 15: For '^WalL" read ^'Nees in Wall."
Page 66, line 23: For 'Terat." read ''Vratisl."
Page 69, line 9; For *'plubcscent" read ''pubescent,"
Page 69, line 5 from bottom: For "Santandorsito" read ^'Santandercito."
Pago 69, line 3 from bottom: For ''HoUon 599" read ''Holton 23."
Page 74, line 5: For '^Cauca" read 'Tl Valle;" for "Gordona" read ''Gorgona."
Page 74, line 16: For "puberulentes" read ''pubcrulentae/'
Page 74, line 13 from bottom: For '^mludate" read ''undulate."
Page 76, line 7-10: Delete these lines*
Page 76, line 19: For ^^Ruellia panicukUa H. B. K." read ^^Dipter acanthus tur-
hacensis Nces."
Page 77, line 22: After "Syst." add "ed. 2,"
Page 79, line 12: For ''Pennell & Rusby'' read ''Ruishy & PtnnelV
Page 79, line 23: Transfer the entry '^Tocaima, Pirez-Arbelaez 2471 (US)" from
the Department of Tolima up to the Department of Cundinamarca (line 13)*
Page 80, line 23: For "ApoKmar" read "Apohnar."
Page 81, line 8: For "pediceli" read "pediceUi."
Page 84, line 14: For '^Palmarrosa" read 'Talmarosa."
Page 84, line 21: For "1069" read '4060."
Page 88, line 9: For "Wein" read "Wicn."
Page 90, line 22: For "Guadas" read "Guaduas."
Page 91, line 18 from bottom: For "Susumoco" read "Susumuco."
Page 91, line 11 from bottom: Add "and SlvOoz^ flower."
Page 92, line 9: For ''ColleclGrV' read ''Heribertor
Page 92, line 13: For "foreibus" read "faucibus."
Page 93, line 18 from bottom: For "petiolun" read "petiolum."
Page 95, line 8 from bottom: For "Vergel" read "Verjel."
Page 97, line 17 from bottom: For "4348" read '4384,"
Page 98, line 19: For "pubescentia" read "pubescens."
Page 100, line 2 from bottom: For "Tierra Alba" read "Tierra Alta."
Page 100, last line: Add "March 7-10, 1918."
Page 102, line 10: For "dccumbentac" read "decumbentes."
Page 103, lino 12: For 'Vo/ms/on" read "/o/i?ison."
Page 103, last line; For "calvatae" read "clavatae."
Page 104, line 6 from bottom: Add "No. 1661618" after "Herbarium."
Page 104, line 5 from bottom: Add "Vicinity of Puerto Bcrrio" after "Camp VI."
Page 106, line 18 from bottom: For "orixt'y" read "otAxvs."
Page 106, line 12 from bottom: For "bracteoli" read "bracteolac."
Page 106, line 11 from bottom: For "angularis" read "angularibus,"
772 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARroM
Page 107, line 4 from bottom: For ''November'* read ^'October-November/'

Page 108, line 4: For "tcnuia" read "tenuis."
Pa^G 109, line G horn bottom: For ''Jaquea'' read ''Jacques.''
Page 109, line 5 from bottom: For ''1634'' read "1606."
Page 109, line 3 from bottom: For "Type" read "Lectotype."
Page HI, line 4 from bottom: For "oraxos" read "o^riix^^-"
Page 112, line 3: For "radically" read "radially."
Page 112, line 10: For "Type" read "Leetotype."
Page 112, line 12; For ^^Lepidagaihis Willd." read ^^Lcpidayathls sensu aucU. non
Willd."
Page 112, line 3 from bottom: For ^âlopccur aides'^ read ^âlopccuroidca,^'
Page 113, line 8 from bottom: For "Brass." read "Bras."
Page ii (of Part II), line 8: For ''l06" read **105."
Page 121j line 19: For "pendunculi" read "pedunculi."
Page 122, line 6 from bottom: For "bank" read "aide of the valley."
Page 124, line 9: For ''Hazen & Killip'' read ''Killip & Ilazenr
Page 125, line 22: For "Colombia" read "Columbia."
Page 125, line 23: Delete parenthesis after "Hooker" and insert parenthesis at end
of sentence.
Page 133, line 23: For "earmine" read "carmine,"
Page 135, line 7 from bottom: For "Subita" read "Subata."
Page 136, line 7: Insert "(US)" after "4024."
Page 130, line 8: Insert "(NY)" after "1260."
Page 136, line 7 from bottom: For "integrading" read "intergrading."
Page 137, line 4 from bottom: For "tooth-leaved" read "toothed-leaved."
Page 145, line 12 from bottom: For 'ûnde" read "under."
Page 145, line 11 from bottom: For "pos" read "pos-."
Page 145, line 3 from bottom: For "amarillo" read "amarilla."
Page 149, line 2 from bottom: For "Tabor" read "El Tabor."
Page 157, line 20: For "/3oTara)5»;y" read "j3ora^ci5T?s."
Page 160, line 6 from bottom; For *' Rhombochamys^^ read ^^Rho^nhochlamysJ'
Page 166, line 9: For '^Caquetd" read "Putumayo."
Page 170, line 10 from bottom: For "bank" read "side of the valley,"
Page 181, line 25: For "pleurumque" read "plerumque."
Page 183, line 21 from bottom: For "Scheide" read "Sehiede."
Page 191, line 18 from bottom: For "Riksmuseet, Stockholm" read "Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew."
Page 191, line 16 from bottom: For "Kew" read "Riksmuseet, Stockholm."
Page 197, line 1: For "aliquando" read "aliquanto."
Page 197, line 5 from bottom: For "these" read "this."
Page 202, line 7: For the garbled Greek word read "dpIsTjûo^-'*
Page 204, line 4; For "Department" read "Intendencia."
Page 204, line 5: For "27" read "20-30."
Page 212, line 17 from bottom: For "supper" read "upper."
Page 214, line from bottom: For "1.75" read "0.5-0.7."
Page 217, line 21; For "glaborous" read "glabrous."
Page 218, line 4 from bottom: Delete the word "et."
Page 219, line 2: For "lucenti" read "luccntes."
Page 220, line 6: Transfer parenthesis from after "Isotypes" to before the word.
Page 224, line 10 from bottom: For "ofter" read "often."
Page 234, line 12 from bottom: For ''pendunculis" read "pcdunculis/'

Page 242, line 12; For **pendunculatae" read "pedunculatac,"
Page 245, line 7: For "praeecipue'' read "praecipue."
Page 246, line 12 from bottom: For ''Cauca" road "Caldas/'
For read "Limba;" for *400'' read
Page 255, line 6 from bottom: ''Limbo''
''800/'
Page 256, first line of legend to figure 92: For ''Limbo'* read "Limba."
Page 258, bottom For ''Department" read "Intendencia."
line:
Page 261, line 24: For "Nees" read ''Willd, ex Nees."

Page 262, line 9 from bottom: For ''Herrera'' read ''Soto HerreraJ'
Page 203, line 16: For ''Suffretescent" read "Suffrutescent.
Page 269, line 2 from bottom: For ''April 30" read "April 20-May 23."
Page 272, line 6 from bottom: For "Department" read "Intendcncia."

Page 273, line 4: For "acutae" read "acuta,"
Page 279, line 24: For "bank" read "side of the valley," for "Sanguinini" read
"Sanquininf."
M
Page 283, line 11: For "bracetcolae" read "bracteolae.
Page 290, line 7: Add parenthesis after "1947"; for "îxo?" read ^'tt&xvs.
j>
Page 302, line 5: For "8630" read "8630a
Page 302, line 19: For "petoli" read "petioli,"
Page 307, line 7 from bottom: For "1: 619. 1875" read "n. ser. 3: 619. 1875."
Page 312, line 9: For "bank" read "side of the valley."
Page 312, line 17 from bottom: For "bractolae" read "bracteolae."

Page 314, line 13 from bottom: Before "fasciculis" add "floribus in."
Page 318, line 17: For "in the valleys of the Cali and Picliind6 rivers" read "on
J)
Rfo
J}
Page 318, line 15 from bottom: For "142565" read "1423505.
INDEX
[Synonyms in italics. Page numbers of principal entries in boldface.]
Abrojo 615 Aphelandra—Continued

Acanthaccae 1, 2, 4 diachyla 714, 715
Acanthoidcae 2, 4, 44, 119, 323 dolichantha 131,
Acanthus 1, 3, 5, 282 204, 205, 206, 207, 209
mollis 3 euopla 129, 138, 139, 703
spinosus 3 fascinator 131, 191
Adhatoda 487 fernandezii 133, 270, 272
carthaginensis 547 flava 230,279,280
hyssopifolia 487 fosbergii 711, 712
periflocifolia 584 garciae 133, 256, 258, 259, 270
rcjlexiflora 584 gilva 704, 705, 706
zeylanica 487 glabrata 133,
Afromendoncia 11 254,256, 261,262,268,726
Amasonia integerrima 4G glischrochlamys 130, 186,188
Anamd 8 grandis 132, 226,227,228
Ancylogyne 51 granger! 701, 702, 703
capiiata. 51 grantii 718, 719, 720
macrocnemis 51 haenkeana 183
munita 51 hartwegiana 133,
•peruviana 51 246,261,208, 725
Andrographidcae 285 haughtii 132, 234, 239,241
Aphanandrium 120, 123 hodgei 133,252, 262,264
lehmannianum 120, 123 huilcnsis 129, 146, 147, 706
Aphelandra 1, 2, 3, 119, 120, 127, impressa 130, 168, 175, 178, 179
128, 157, 280, 282, 280, 324, 701 incarnata 132, 242, 243, 244, 723
acanthus., 129, 141, 142, 144, 147, 706 killipii. _ - 131, 202, 203, 204, 205, 200
acutifolia 168 lamprantha 130, 176, 178, 714
adscendcns 129, 158,160 lasia 130, 179, 180, 181, 714
albert-smithii 132, 232,233,234 lasiophylla 131, 192, 193, 716
alexandri 131, 191, 192 lawranceac 131, 192, 195
andrei 707,708 leiophylla 130, 169, 170, 171
anomala 130, 185, 180, 190 lingua-bovis 133,
arboresccns 134, 277,278,279 223, 268, 270, 275, 728
ariscma 131, 200,201, 718 lonchochlamys 130, 165,166,714
aristei 132, 228, 229, 230, 232, 280 longispica 133, 252, 265, 266, 267
arnoldii 129, 153 lyrata 129, 150
atecmarta 726, 727, 728 lyrata var. arguta 150
aurantiaca 3, 130, lyrata var. latibractea 150
104, 160, 168, 169, 170, 173, 191 lyrata var. laxior 150
barkleyi 132, 221,222, 223, 721 macrophylla 132,
blandii 133,259, 267,268 218, 234, 236, 237, 239, 721, 723
botanodes 129, melgariensis 280
155,150, 157, 706,708,716 mildbraediana 132,218,220
boyacensis 131, 198,199,200 mollis 129,154,158
chaponensis 133, 273,274, 275 rautisii 129,136,137
cirsioides 139 nana 130, 171, 173
coccinantha 721,722, 723 ochrolarynx 129, 160,162
colombiensis 131, 196,197, 198 parviflora 129, 153
conformis 131, 194, 195, 718 parvispica 132,
craura 131,207,208,209 216, 218, 237, 720, 721
crenata. . 133, 259, 260, 261, 726, 728 pectinata 183
crispata 129, 151, 152, 706 phalacra... 712,713,714
cuatrecasasii 131, 204,205, 718 pharangophila 134,
daemonia 130, 132, 223, 225, 226 275, 276, 277, 728
deppeana 130, 181, 183,714 phlogea 130, 189, 190, 718
775
Aphelandrn — Continued Belovcrone — Continued

phobcra 129, 143, 144, 145 rohrii var. lalifolia 504
pilosa llil, 209,211,212, 718 samvartcnsis 5G5
pinarotricha 716, 717, 718 steyermarkii 523
porph vrocarj )a ] 29, Bignonia bibracicata 4G
140, 141, 703,706 Blechum 2,45, 60,683
porphyrolopis 129, 148, 119, 150 angustius 3, 63, 32G
prismat lea 200 brownei 60,61, 083, 771
puberula 130, 166, 107, 1G8, 175 brownei f. pubcrulum. 60, 61, 63, 683
pulcherrinia 128, costaricense 6.3
131, 212, 216, 218, 220, 22G,
18:?, haiightii 60, 62,63
228, 234, 259, 2G2, 272, 275. Bravaisia 2, 45, 679
qiiadrifaria 709, 710 floribunda 45, 46, 679
qnercifolia 129, 150 inti'gerrima 46,47, 679
repanda 1G6 Campanula morada 94
rimcinata 129, 134, 150, 701 Canchelahua dulce 125
rUTicina+a var. pilosa 129, 135 Canilla de golero 332
runcinata var. straminea 129, 135 Canilla de Laura „ 332
schiodcana 280 Chactochlannys 323, 487, 659
ydueferae 131, 213,215,216 cil lata 662
Rchullesii 132, 237, 238, 239 columbicnsis 660, 661, 662
Rcolnikae 133, 252,254 macr opiphon 659
scricantha 133, 245,246, 725 marginata 659
sericophvlla 133, 254,256, 726 rusbvi 65 9
silvicola 129, 157, 158, 710, 712 Chaetothylax 324,487, GG2
sinclairiana 243 haugWii 662, 665,666
sneidernii 130, 167, 174, 175 huilensis 662, 667,668
atraminea 133, leucanthus 662, 663,664
250, 252, 264, 205, 267 tocantinus 662
tftborcnsis 130, 181, 182, 183,277 umbrosus 662
tctrcgona 128, 234, 259, 272, 275 Cliu-ru-ko-j)U 624
ietrctgona var. grandis 721 Cilantro dc nionte 8
trianae 132, 230,231, 232, 721 Contortae 44
trichota 723,724, 725 Crcsta degallo 135,213,536
uribei 130, 162,164 Cryphiacanthus 66, 324
xanthantha 133, 248, 249, 250 barbadensis 66, 78
Aphclandreae 119, 120 Culantro 76
Aphrogwia GO Cyphacantlms 119, 120,282,324
hacakei 66, 77 atopus 283,284
Aro-blanco 48 Cyrtanthera 650
Arrhostoxyhini 084CO,magnifica 650, 651
fulgidum vor. angnstissimum^- 68 Dcscans^ 615
glahru ni 684 Dianthera 487
hfiriwegianmn 90 amcricana 487
laxuni 66, 684 comata 615
Asystasia 120, 287, 323 lacvilinguis 621
coromandeliana 288 pectoralis 613
gangetica 288 pleurolaryrix 512
intrusa 287 secunda var. hoUonii 577
Asystasieae 119, 287 Dicliptera 1, 60, 323, 325, 327
Aziil 658 assurgens 328, 330, 332
Babosa 207 balilliformis 329, 376,377, 378
Barleria 2,44, 109 bogotensis 328, 329, 339, 340
anomala 46 cauccnsis 328, 342
cristata 110, 111 chincnsis 327
discolor 110 Columbiana 330, 384, 386, 387
micans 110 compacta 330, 386,387
prionitis 109 conformis 328, 344
Barlerieae 44, 109 cuatrocasasii__ 328, 329, 348, 350, 368
Beloperone 488 danielii 329, 362,363
arnhersiiae 488 driophila 329, 352,353
bradcosa 535 ewanii 329, 356,357
brasiliana 488 garciae 329, 354,355
chactoccphala 531 haughtii 329,358,359
guttata 3 liazenii 329, 368,370
rohrii 564 inamoena 329, 371, 372
INDEX 777
Dicliptera — Continued Gilletiella 11

484
killipii 329, 350,351 Glockeria
koiei -.- 329, 360, 361 Graptophylleae 119, 289
megalochlamys 329, Graptophyllum . 289
373, 374, 378, 380 Gymnostachyuin verschaffeltii 407
nanodes 329,382,384 Habracanthus 324, 419,486
ochrochlamvs 328, 346, 347 aglaiis 419, 428,429
pilosa - 328, 341 ampelinus 420,458,459
rhombochlamys 329, 380,381 antipharmacus 420,
sanctae-martae 329, 378, 379, 380 462, 463, 464, 465
sarcochroma 329, 366, 3f>7, 3()8 cailianthus,,.^ 420, 443,444
scandens 329, 364, 365 cauccnsis 420, 4G0, 461
sciaphila 328, 334,335, 336 charien 420, 449, 450, 451
trianae 328, 332,333,334 congestus 421, 472,473
uribei 328,336,338 corei 420, 468, 469, 470
vahliana 328, 331,332 cuatrccasasii 419, 426, 427
Diclipterinae 325 cyaneus 419, 425, 426
Dipieracanthvs 66, 684 diversicolor 421, 464, 474
angustifoliiis 96 erythranthus 420, 436,438,439
ciliatus 66, 684 floriferus 420, 441,442
geminiflorus 95, 689 heliophilus 420, 434,435
geminiflorus var. angustifolius^ 95, 96 hispidulus 420, 432,433, 434
geminiflorus var. erectus 95 hvlobius 421, 479,480
geminiflorus var. hirsutior 95 killipii 420, 447,448,449
geminiflorus var. procumhcns^^ 95 lamprus-- 421, 470,471
geminiflorus var. subaeauUs 95 macrochilus 420, 465
haenkei 77 microcalyx 421, 477,478
leucanthus 696 oresbius 420, 465,467
paniculatus 76 pennellii 421, 475,477
prostratus 684 pilosus 420, 445,446
turhacensis 76, 771 putumayensis 420, 439, 440
Ebermaiera 5 pycnostachys 419, 430, 431, 432
humilis 6 scolnikae- 421, 438, 477, 481, 482, 483
Elytraria 2, 5, 7, 673 silvat icus 419
apargiifolia 8 smithii 420, 452,453,454
frondosa 7 svscius 419, 421, 422, 423
in^bricata 7, 9^ 673 trichotus 419, 423,424, 425
scorpioides 7 xantholeucus 420, 456, 457, 458
squamosa 8 xanthothrix 420, 454,455
tridentata 7 Hansteinia 324,419, 484,486
virgata 7 charitopes 484, 485
Encephalosphaera 119, gracilis 484
120, 280, 286, 324 Hemisandra 127
lasiandra 281 auraniiaca 127, 168
vitcUina 280, 281 Ilygrophila 2, 45, 58, 680
Engelia 12 angustif olia 58
tovarensis 12 conferta 58
villosa 12,21 guianensis 58, 59, 680
Enrcdadera blanca 42 rivularis 60
Eranl hemum 292, 728, 729 tyttha 681
alatum 292 Hygrophilcae 44, 57
airopurpureum 307, 308 Imbricatae 44, 119,323
lanceum 305 Isoglosseae 110, 323, 404
palatiferum 729 Isoglossinae 418
Eryihracanth us 5 Isopo rojizo 652
racemosus 5 Jacobinia 324, 487, 650
Escobilla de rat6n 77 amphibola 651, 655, 656
Fittonia 323, 404, 405 axiologa^ 541, 651, 052, 653, 655
argyoneura 405, 406, 407 carnea 3, 651, 770
gigantea 405, 407 lepida 650
verschafifeltu 405, 407 659
lindaviana
Galeottia 484
magnifica 3, 651, 770
grocilis 484
Bpicigcra 651, 657
Gallito 536
Gerardia 126 tinctoria 651, 658
dulcis 126 Jasmin 95
1 11
Justicia
adhntoda
127, 324, 487. 647, GIS Justicia Continued —
487 leuccrythra... 490, 568, 569, 570, 572
aethes 489, 524,525 lucida 388
anabasa 491, 594,595, 596 macarenensis 490, 555, 550, 557
arched 489, 505, 507, 508 malacophylla 491, 589, 590, 591
assurgens 330 martiana 492, 620, 62
atacta 491, 604,'605, 606 melgariensia 280
aurantiaca 491, 596, 597, 598 namatophila 492, 618, 619, 620
blackii 489, 508,509 neurochlamys 489, 517,518, 519
bradeolata 398 novogranatensis 491, 600,601
bracteosa 489, 535,536 ohfusifolia 621
brasiliana 488 oreopola 489, 503, 504, 505
breviflora 514 pampolystachys 490
hrunelloidcs 10, 770 538,541,542,545
cabrerae 490, 566^5()7 pcctoralis 492, 613, 014, 617
carnca 05 pectoralis var. stenophvl]a._ 492, 615
car Oiaginensis 490, pelianthia 491, 591,503,594
547, 548, 560, 646 periplocifolia 491, 584
chaetocephala 489, 531 pctraea 492, 633, 634, 635
chaponensis 489, 536, 537, 538 pharmacodcs 490, 557,559
charadrophila 489, 501,502, 503 phlebophylla 491
chincnsis 327 577, 587, 588, 589, 033
chloanantha 491, 608, 609, 611 phytolaccoides 490, 560,561
chlorostachya 488, 495, 496, 519 pilosa 541
chrysea 489, 529,530,531 pleurolarynx 489, 512
chrysocoma... 489, 525, 527, 528, 529 polygonoides__ 489, 512, 513, 514, 525
coccinea 388 porphyrocoma 490, 582,583
comata... 488, 492, 014, 615, 017, 647 pulcherrima 127, 212
cristata 127 rcjlexijlora 584
crocoochlamys 489, 532,' 533, 534 rhodoides 489, 519,520,521
cuzcoensis 611 rohrii 490, 527, 528, 529, 564
cystolithosa,.. 488, 492, 494, 495, 503 rubra 395
daidalea 489, 521, 522, 523, 524 sanchezioides 490, 572, 574, 575
enarthrocoma 490, 570, 571, 572 sanctao-martae 646
ephemera 491, 606, 607, 608 scahra 127
crythrantha 400, 549, 550, 551 schultesii 490, 545,546
filibracteolata 490, 491, 577, 603 sclera 492, 637,638
filibracteolata var. aurantiaca ^ 579 sciota 491, 585, 586
581 scytophylla 492, 626,627
filibracteolata var. azurea 579 secunda 491, 602,603
filibracteolata var. Icucantha. 579, sccunda var. leucantha 491, 604
580,581 sessilis 52
filibracteolata var. lilacina_ 579, 581 spicrgera.. 1 657
filibracteolata var. pubcHcens 579, 580 sterea 492, 630, 635, 636, 637, 644
fuchsiifolia 489, 514,516, 517 stcrcostachya 492, 639, 640, 641
furcata 026 steycrmarkii 523
fusagasui,'aiia 492, 624, 625, 626 unguiculata 489, 538, 539, 541
gangetica 288 xanthostachya 490, 562,563
Rlabribracteata 570 Justicieae 119, 323, 487
graphophylla 492, 631, 632, 633 Kalbreyeriella 324, 404, 408
gutierrezii 490, 553, 554 cabrerae 408,400,411
helonoma 491, 611, 612, 613 gigas 408, 412,414,415
hodgei 492, 642, 643, 644 rostcllata 408, 411, 415
homooa 490, 575, 576, 577 Lagochilhim 127
hygrobia 492, 644,6-15 157, 202, 280, 707, 708, 718
hyperdn,sya... 490, 538, 543, 544, 545 maximilianum 127
hyssopifolia 487 ni oUe 154
idiogoncs 492, 622,623 Lepidagathis 7, HI, 112, 696, 772
imhricata 7 alopecuroidea 112, 772
infelix 489, 5io,'511, 512 cristata 112
interrwpta 397 Leptostadnja
_ 488
ischnorhachis. 489, 498, 499, 501, 505 comata 615
jacobinioidcs 491, 598, 599, 600 crinita 647
killipii 492, 628,029,630 martiana G20
laevilinguis 492, 621,622 martiana var. hispida 021
leptochlamys 490, 551,552 virgata 488
Icptophylla 508 wallichii 488
1
INDEX 779
Lila- 111 Neriacanthus... 119, 120, 123, 324, 698

Mee-n d-ku-ru 407 grandiflorus 121, 122
Megaskepasma 324, 404, 417 lehmannianus 121, 122, 123, 699
ervthrochlamys 417, 418 purdieanus 120, 121, 123
Mendoncia 1, 2,4, 11, 12, 673 Odontonema 323, 387, 388
albida 38
12, ampclocaule 388, 393, 394, 396
aspera 12, 14,673 amplcxicaule 39
coccinca 12, 13, 29 bracteolatum 388, 397, 398, 399
coccinea var. elliptica 13, 30 bracteolatum var. parviflorum_ 388,
coccinea var. sparatteria 13, 30 399, 400
cordata 13, 16, 17, 18, 675 coccineum 388, 389, 391
cuatrecasasii 14, 37, 38 interruptum 388, 397
fulva 30 lucidum 388
garciae 677, 678 rubrum 388, 396
gigas 674 schomburgkianum 396, 397
gilva 14, 33, 34 stenostachyum 388, 391, 392, 393
glabrescens 13, 23,24,26 strictum 388
glomeruta 13, 27, 28, 38 Odontonemeae 119, 323, 325
gracilis 13,32,36, 678 Odontoneminae 387
hirsuta . 13, 21, 674 Onychacanthus 45
kisiophy ta 673 arboreus 46
lindavii 12, 15,673 herlandierianus 45, 46
litoralis 13, 31,32 cumingii 45, 46
microchlamys 14, 39, 40 speciosus 46
mirabilis 13, 18,19 Ore] a de mula 97
mutisii 14, 36,37,38 OrtJwtactus 488
odorata 14, 34,35,36 oblongus 647
pedunculata 13, 16,674 venosus 488
penncUii 13, 25, 26 Pachystachys... 120, 289, 290, 323, 728
phalacra 676, 677 albiflora 290
piiosa 12, 14 coccinca 291
puberula 13,22 riedeliana 290,291, 728
rosea 13, 28,29 Palo de agua 46
selloviana 22 Pinciga 658
speciosa 13, 18, 19 Pelecostemon _, 324,487, 648
splUgerberiana 22 trianae 648, 649
spraguei 20
13, Petalidieae 44, 60
sprucei 13, 23, 676 Petalidium 60
trichota 674, 675 Phaulopsis 683,770,771
veUoziana 29 oppositif olia 683
veUoztana var. sparatteria 30 parviflora 683
villosa 13, 21,22, 676 Phaylopsis.^. 2, 44, 60, G4, 083, 770, 771
Mcndoncioideac 2,4, 10 parviflora 64, 65
Mendozia 12 Picigallo 213
aspera 12, 14 Pico de ave 42
hirsuta 21 Pid de gallo 213
piiosa 14 Pisigallo 213
puberula 22 Porphyrocoma 415
puberida var* micropiis 22 Porphyrocominae 404
pubescens 22 Psacadocalymma 488
racemosa 12 comatum 615
selloviana 22 pectorale 613
veUoziana 29 Pseuderanthcmeae 119, 291
veUoziana var. sparatteria 30 Pseuderanthemum 120, 291,
Mentha pulegium 60 292, 323, 388, 606, 608, 728
Meyenia 40 alatum 295
Micranthus 683 atropurpureum 293,
oppositifolius 683 307, 308; 730, 745
Monochlamy s 11 bicolor 729
Nacedero 48 chaponense 293, 312,
Nelsonia 2, 5, 10 313,314,730, 746,748
albicans 10 chaponense f. lilacinum 313, 314
brunelloides 10, 11 chilianthium 729, 734, 735, 736
campestris 770 chocoense 730, 748,749
rotundifolia 770 cladodes 729, 739,740
Nelsonioideae 2, 4 cordat um 319
1
Pseudcranthemum — Continued —
Ruellia Continued
ctciiospermum 729, 730, 732, 733 geminiflora var. hirsutior 95
cuatrccasasii 293, giganiea 47, 48
316,317,318,730,748 gorgonensis 694, 695, 696
cuspidat um 295 grantii 690,692
diuvei 293, 318,730, 748 grisea 67, 81,82
diachylum 729, 737, 738, 739 humboldtiana 67, 89, 685, 686
ellipticmn 202, 301, 305, 730, 745 inundata 67, 77, 684
ewanii 292, 302, 303, 730, 745 isclinopoda 67, 82, 83, 84, 86, 685
galbanum 729, 741,742, 743 laîostachya 68, 105, 106, 694
haughtily 292, 293, 294, 295, 729, 741 longifilamentosa 67, 88
hylophilum 293, lorcntziana 08, 94, 687
310,311,312,730,746 macarcncnsis 692, 693, 694
idroboi„_ 292, 295, 29(>, 297, 729, 741 macrophylla 67,
lanccuni 293, 305,730, 7'5 73, 79,81, 685,686
leiophy Hum 292, macrophylla var. lutea 81
297,298,299,720, 741 macrophylla var. puberula 07, 80
micranthum 729, 730, 743,744 macrophylla var. i)ubesccng___ 80
IK^nucllii 292, 304, 305, 730, 745 malacosperma 07,08, 73
poecilanthuin 202, nudiflora 78
299,300,301,720,741,743 obtusa 68, 94, 96
potamoi)liilum 293, obtusa f. albiflora 689
308,309,310,730, 745 paniculata 67, 76,684,771
snoidernii 293, 306, 307, 730, 745 pcnriellii___ 68, 100, 101, 102, 103, 690
steiiosiphon 293, potamophila 67, 71,72, 73, 684
314,315,316, 730, 748 purdieana 90
thdothrix 730, 746, 747, 748 puri 694
Pscudocaly X 40 putumayonsis 68, 106, 107,696
Raiz preta 30 ruiziana 84
Razisoa 324, 387, 400, 408 rusbyi 67, 86,87, 88, 685
spicata 400, 401 spnicei 109
Rhacodiscus secuiidiis 602 shiebelii 00
Rliombochlamydeae 119, 285 tetrastichan tha 91
Rhombochlamys 119, tolimensis 67, 70,71, 684
285, 286, 324, 772 tuborosa 66, 67, 78,94, 684
data 285, 280, 287 tubiflora 68, 89, 90, 91, 686, 696
rosulata IGO, 285, 286, 287, 772 tubiflora var. hirsuta 67, 93
RhyligJossa 488 tubiflora var. parviflora__ 68, 93, 687
ciliaia 488 tubiflora var. parvifiora f . alba, 68,
eckloniana 488 93, G87
laevilinguis 021 tubiflora var. tctrastichantha_, 68,
oblonga 647 91, 686
oht usifolia 62 tubiflora var. teirastichantha
origanoidcs 488 f. bicolor 67,92,686
pohjgonoidcs 513, 514 tubiflora var. tetrastichantha
secunda 602 f caesiolineata
. 686
Rojizo 615 tubiflora var, tetrastichantha
Rompebarringa 48 f flava
. 68,92,93
Ruellia 1, 2, 3, 45, 48, 49, 60, 66, 684 iurhacensis 76
alhicauHs 77 uribci 68, 106, 108, 109
alopecuroidea 111, 112 viridiflora 68, 98,09
aquatica 68, 103, 104, 105 viscosa 76
auranliaca 687, 688 RuelHeae 44, 65,292
hlechuvi ,
00, 771 Salpinxantha 098
caucensis 67, 84, 85, 86, 88 Sancarano 46
chariessa 67, 74,75 Sanchezia 2, 3, 45, 51, 680
clandesiina 78 lutea 51, 53, 54, 680
colombiana 68, 102,103 oblonga 51
colorata 68, 97, 690 ovata 680
dulcis 125, 126 parvibracteata 51,56, 57
fulgida 68,69, 684 parviflora 55
fulgida var. anguslissima 67, pennellii 51,680
68, 69, 684 putumayensis 51, 55,56
gemininora 95,96, 689
68, speciosa 3, 51, 52
gcminiflora var. angustifo]ia_ 08, .. sprucei var. salvadorensis 56
95, 90, 689 sylvestris 56
INDEX 781
Sanchezia — Continued —
Teliostachya Continued
thinophila 680 cataractae 111,112
thinophyia f glabra
, 680 diffusa 111
Sancho araiia -- 46 lanceolata 112, 113, 696
San Joaqufn ._ 308 lanccolata var. crispa_ . 112, 114, 696
San Jos6 308 petraea 696,697,098
Scorodoxyluni 66 Tetramcrium 3,64,324, 325
hartwegianuin 66, 90 nervosum 325, 320
Sericographis 650 polystachyum 325
rigida 650 Thunbergia 2, 3, 40, 678
iindoria 658 alata 40, 41,42, 678
Siphonoglossa 323, 387, 402 alata var. alba 42
calcarea 402,403 alata var. baked 41, 42
ramosa 402 aurantiaca 42
Soldado parado 8 aurantiaca subvar. doddsii 42
Staurogyne % 5, 671 capensis 41
agrestis 7 cordifolia 43
argentea 5 fragrans 41, 42,43, 678
lepidagathoides 5, 6, 7, 673 f ryeri 42
leptocaulis 671, 672, 673 grandiflora 41, 43, 678
Stemonacanthiis 66, 684 grandiflora f, alba 679
hu7nholdUanus 89, 685 grandiflora f, citrina 679
jnacrophyllus 79 lutea 42
salviifolius 66, 684 sulphurea 42
Stenandrium 119, 120, 124, 127, vohibilis 42
157,286,324, 699,708 Thunbergioideae 2, 4, 40
corymbosum 124, 125 Thyrsacanthus 388
dulce 125, 126, 699 barlertoides 388
humboldtianum 125, bracteolatus 400
127, 699, 700, 701 interruptus 397
mandioccanum 124 ruber 390, 397
radicosum 124, 125 Titirigallo 213
Stenostephanus 324, 415, 419, 486 Trichanthera 2, 44, 45, 47, 48, 679
lobeliaef ormis 486 corymbosa 48, 50, 679
puberulus 486 gigantea 48,49, 679
Steihoma pectoralis 613 Trichanthereae 44, 45
Syringidium 324,404,415 Verbena squamosa 7, 8
atropurpureum 415, 416 Yerbabuenilla.- 647
Tango rojizo 652 Yuca de puerco 78
Teliostachya.__ 2, 44, 109, 111, 112, 696 Yuca-e-puerco- 78
alopccuroidea 111,112 Yuquilla 95

ACANTHACEAE - The Acanthaceae of Colombia

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UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Contributions from the United States National Herbarium

Associate Curator of Phanerogams

United States National Museum

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D. C. • 1958

The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the

department untU July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official

custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-

however. continued to publish the series of

where issued by the Department of Agriculture.

Page 426, line 9 from bottom For "ultimal" read "ultimae."

Page 487, line 9 from bottom For "adhatoda" read "hyssopifolia."

Page 770, after line 1 insert the following line

Page 776, Index For "Cyphaeanthus" read "Cyphacanthus."

Part 1, The Acanthaceae of Colombia, I: Subfamilies Nel-

Part 2. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, II: Subfamily

Part 3. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, III: Subfamily

The Acanthaceae of Colombia

United States National Herbarium

United States National Herbarium

Volume 31, Part 1

For Bale by the Superintendent of Documeute, U. S. GoYernmcnt Printing O lllk'>

Washington 25, D.C - Price 50 cents

C. Leonard, associate curator of the De

endemism. Fourteen genera, including 72 species, of which 30 are

THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I

were described by Lindau and other botanists, butno general work

produce undescribed material, especially in the genera Mendoncia,

consider the phylogeny of the family. A thorough treatment of this

In tropical and subtropical regions, the family as a whole is cosmo-

will show in a general way the distribution of the genera treated in

Btauroffyne: Both hemispheres.

collection, and the range of others is limited to a single

neriaceae. Because of a superficial resemblance, confusion sometimes

subulate hook-sliaped extension of the

posed to have been derived from A. spinosus L.^

Harms' Genera Siphonogamarum.

A considerable number of the specimens procured by

oldest (1825-182G) plant material

Macbride and distributed by the Chicago Natural History Museum

4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

R. Swallen, and C. V. Morton, for their valuable suggestions and the

Bog, Institute de la Salle, Bogota, Colombia.

Herbs, shrubs, or small trees; leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate;

only staminodes often present in the 2-stamened flowers anther

each cavity; style filiform, simple; stigmas 1 or 2; fruit a capsule

KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES

Herbs without cystoliths

leaves or bracts, mostly disposed in spikes; calyx more or less

5-parted; corolla 2-lipped or equally 5-lobed, the lobes imbricate;

KEY TO THE GENERA

Wall The genus consists of

allusion to the 3-lobed cross-shaped stiyma. Type species: S. argentea

Nees. Type locality : Penang.

Herbs or shrubs; stems (plants rarely acaulescent) erect, ascend-

some of them often glandular leaves opposite, usually

tire; flowers sessile or short-pediceled, few or numerous, borne in

terminal or axillary loose or compact spikes or racemes calyx deeply ;