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    Coding

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    Maxpein Del Valle
    The document discusses binary codes and how to convert between binary and decimal numbers. It defines binary code and how each digit in a binary number represents a power of 2 in decimal. It provides examples of converting binary numbers to decimal and vice versa. It also discusses how computers use binary codes and ASCII codes to represent text and characters.

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    Coding

    Uploaded by

    Maxpein Del Valle
    40 views21 pages
    The document discusses binary codes and how to convert between binary and decimal numbers. It defines binary code and how each digit in a binary number represents a power of 2 in decimal. It provides examples of converting binary numbers to decimal and vice versa. It also discusses how computers use binary codes and ASCII codes to represent text and characters.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses binary codes and how to convert between binary and decimal numbers. It defines binary code and how each digit in a binary number represents a power of 2 in decimal. It provides examples of converting binary numbers to decimal and vice versa. It also discusses how computers use binary codes and ASCII codes to represent text and characters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views21 pages

    Coding

    Uploaded by

    Maxpein Del Valle
    The document discusses binary codes and how to convert between binary and decimal numbers. It defines binary code and how each digit in a binary number represents a power of 2 in decimal. It provides examples of converting binary numbers to decimal and vice versa. It also discusses how computers use binary codes and ASCII codes to represent text and characters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    Binary Codes

    Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 1


    An understanding of binary numbers, the binary system,
    and how to convert between binary and decimal is
    essential for anyone involved in computers, coding, and
    networking.
    At the end of this section, you are expected to:
    1 Use coding schemes to encode and decode different
    types of information for identification, privacy, and
    security purposes.
    2 Exemplify honesty and integrity when using codes
    for security purposes.

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 2


    Definition
    A binary code represents text, computer processor
    intructions, or any other data using a two-symbol system.

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 3


    Conversion Binary to Decimal
    In a binary system, each digit represents an increasing
    power of 2, with the rightmost digit representing 20 , the
    next 21 , then 22 , and so on. A binary number can be
    converted into its equivalent decimal reprsentation by
    summing up the power of 2 which each digit represents.
    Example
    Convert the binary number 10011010 into decimal.

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 4


    Conversion Binary to Decimal
    The symbols 0’s and 1’s will serve as the coefficient/factors of
    power of 2’s.
    Start counting the power from the rightmost digit; for the
    binary number 10011010, there are 8 digits, thus the highest
    power of 2 is 7.
    We have now the conversion:
    100110102 = 1 × 27 + 0 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 1 × 24 + 1 × 23
    + 0 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20
    = 128 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
    = 154

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 5


    Conversion Binary to Decimal
    PRACTICE 1
    Convert the given binary numbers into decimal.
    1 1100111

    2 100000001

    3 11111101

    Note: For answers please refer to the last part of this presentation.

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 6


    Conversion Decimal to Binary
    An easy method of converting decimal to binary number
    equivalents is write down the decimal number and to
    continually divide by 2 to give a quotient and a
    remainder of either 1 or 0 until the final quotient is 0.
    Example
    Convert the decimal 45 into binary equivalent.

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 7


    Conversion Decimal to Binary

    45 ÷ 2 = 22 remainder = 1
    22 ÷ 2 = 11 remainder = 0
    11 ÷ 2 = 5 remainder = 1
    5÷2=2 remainder = 1
    2÷2=1 remainder = 0
    1÷2=0 remainder = 1

    Then right down the remainders from bottom to top.

    Answer: 101101

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 8


    Conversion Decimal to Binary
    PRACTICE 2
    Convert the given binary numbers into decimal.
    1 107

    2 68

    3 205

    Note: For answers please refer to the last part of this presentation.

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 9


    Remark
    Conversion from bnary to decimal and from decimal to binary can be
    done using your scientific calculator. All you have to do is set the
    mode of your calculator to ”Base N”.
    Decimal to Binary
    Press ”Dec” and input the number/given
    Press ”Bin” and you will the binary equivalent of the given
    decimal number
    Binary to Decimal
    Press ”Bin” and input the number/given
    Press ”Dec” and you will the decimal equivalent of the given
    binary number

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 10


    Integers in Computer

    1 Bit - consists of 2 bits


    2 Nibble or Quad - consists of 4 bits
    3 Byte - consists of 8 bits
    4 Word - consists of 16 bits

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 11


    ASCII Code
    The most widely accepted code is called the American Standard
    Code for Informaation Interchange (ASCII). The ASCII code
    associates an integer value for each symbol in the character set,
    such as letters, digits, punctuation marks, special characters, and
    control characters. Computers convert text and other data into
    binary by using an assigned ASCII value. Once the ASCII value is
    known, that value can be converted into binary.
    The following ASCII code of CAPITAL letters from A to Z
    ASCII 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77
    Character A B C D E F G H I J K L M

    ASCII 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
    Character N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 12


    ASCII Code
    Example
    To print the word ”HELLO” what is the required binary digits that
    the computer can understand?
    Solution
    Use the ASCII code for each letter. Convert each ASCII to
    binary digits. It will be our convention to use Byte or 8 bits in
    each letter.
    The word ”HELLO” has four distinct letters ”H” ”E” ”L” and
    ”O”

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 13


    ASCII Code
    Example
    To print the word ”HELLO” what is the required binary digits that
    the computer can understand?
    Solution

    LETTER H E L O
    ASCII 72 69 76 79
    Binary Equivalent 01001000 01000101 01001100 01001111
    Note: A 0 is added to the left in order to have an 8-digit binary
    equivalent for each letter and binary equivalent of ”L” must be
    written twice.
    Final Answer: 0100100001000101010011000100110001001111

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 14


    ASCII Code
    Example
    A certain binary digits 010000010100101001000001 are
    detected after an input in the keyboard. What will be
    the expected letters that will appear in the text editor?
    Solution
    Group the binary digits by 8 or in Bytes.
    Convert each group to its corresponding decimal
    equivalent to get the ASCII value.
    Withe given ASCII values above write its
    corresponding letters.

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 15


    ASCII Code
    Example
    A certain binary digits 01000001 01001010 01000001 are detected
    after an input in the keyboard. What will be the expected letters
    that will appear in the text editor?
    Solution

    Binary Equivalent 01000001 01001010 01000001


    ASCII 65 74 65
    LETTER A J A
    Note: ASCII values that we have are for CAPITAL letters only.
    Final Answer: AJA

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 16


    ASCII Code
    PRACTICE 3
    Translate the following binary codes into english words:
    1 0101010001001000010000010100111001001011

    2 010110010100111101010101

    3 010000100101100101000101

    Note: For answers please refer to the last part of this presentation.

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 17


    ASCII Code

    ACTIVITY 3

    Translate the following binary codes into english words:


    1 0100101101000101010001010101 0000

    2 01010011010000010100011001000101

    3 0100101101001001 01000100 01010011

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 18


    Answers to Practice 1

    1 103
    2 257
    3 253

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 19


    Answers to Practice 2

    1 1101011
    2 1000100
    3 11001101

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 20


    Answers to Practice 3

    1 THANK
    2 YOU
    3 BYE

    Math 031- Mathematics in the Modern World 21

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