METHODS OF DATA GATHERING Health observation and assessment

1) Knowledge about Data gathering and health  is a systematic process to collect data
assessment of each family member by means of about a patient. This data provides
observation, interview and review of records. information about the patient's
condition, and is used to inform the
2) Assessment of home & environment a. Tools
Care which is appropriate for that
used in family assessment: genogram ram, eco-
patient.
map, initial database, family assessment guide
 Nurses undertake health observation
Family Health Assessment and assessment constantly, in all clinical
settings.
 This involves a set of actions by which
the status of a family as client, its ability
to maintain itself as a system and
functioning unit, and its ability to
maintain wellness. prevent, control, or
resolve problems in order to achieve
health and well-being among its
members are measured.

Types of Data Needed (1)

Family Structure, Characteristics, and Dynamics

 Members of the household and

relationship to the head of the family
 Demographic data
 Place of residence of each member
 Type of family structure - matriarchal or
patriarchal, nuclear or extended
 Dominant family members in terms of
decision making
 General family relationships or
dynamics
When should OSERVATION be used? 3) Have a sequence to your questions I topics by
grouping them in themes.
 Observation, conducted with due care
and attention can be particularly useful Review of records/reports & laboratory results
in working with those who might be
What is a record and review?
excluded from studies due to perceived
research burden (i.e. those who are  It is a useful method when data has
dying), communication issues (i.e. been recorded in case notes or a
hearing impairment, dementia), issues structured database and an analysis of
of age or maturity (the very young and the data elements needs to be done. It
the very old), and entails studying data that has already
been recorded and involves
INTERVIEW
summarizing the data, subjecting it to
What is an Interview method? appropriate statistical analysis and
drawing inferences.
 ln interview the investigator and the
respondents set together and they exist Purposes of Medical Records
a face to face conversation between the
1. Patient Care. Patient records provide the
two for a specific purpose. Interview is a
documented basis for planning patient care and
process of meet with interviewee either
treatment.
by telephone or face to face
conversation to discuss some 2. Communication.
purposeful thing.
3. Legal documentation.
Interviews are used to collect data from a
small group of subjects on a broad range of 4. Billing and reimbursement.
topics.
5. Research and quality management.
1) structured or unstructured interviews.
REVIEW OF RECORDS/REPORTS &
 Structured interviews are comparable LABORATORY RESULTS
to a questionnaire, with the same
 Request the Relevant Medical Records.
questions in the same order for each
 Organize the Medical Records.
subject and with multiple choice
 Critically Analyze the Medical Records
answers
 Identify Medical Experts and Assist
Important steps involve in interviews Legal
 Counsel in retaining Qualified Experts.
1) Introduce yourself and explain the aim of the
 Re-evaluate Medical Record Requests.
interview.

2) Devise your questions so interviewees can

help answer your research question.
The process of medical record review and 3. Data collected (family interests, priorities,
Analysis includes concerns, routines, traditions, resources and
activities)
 Identifying factors that cause alleged
damages or injuries. The Eco-map.
 Preparing brief written reports.
The family genogram is a tool used by
 Analyzing and comparing witness
physicians to summarize on one page a large.
reports.
 Preparing a chronology of events. How Genograms and Ecomaps are used in
Nursing
How to maintain Laboratory Record?
The genogram and ecomap both framed as an
 All observations should be made using
analytical tool in relation while performing
pens and pencils should never be used.
family nursing assessment, which aims to
Support documents such as spectra,
understand how the family of a young person
chromatograms, etc should be stored
with chronic disease and new addition to the
separately. Weight slips should also be
family, faces the disease and its implications,
initiated with date and preserved in a
forming care, and creating support networks to
likewise manner.
help
Assessment of home & environment Tools
What is Genogram
used in family assessment: genogram, eco-
map, initial database, family assessment guide A genogram depicts inter-generational family
maps to provide a picture of what is occurring
What is a Family Assessment?
across families and across generations,
The Family Assessment is a systematic, multi- providing a broad framework with which to
dimensional approach to assessing families. view family, emotional and social relationships.
(Keneddy.V.2010)
It includes a range of tools and methods for
engaging families in assessment work and A genogram is a graphic portrayal of the
promoting family interaction. composition and structure of one’s family

It is particularly useful with more complex What is Ecomaps

families to plan support and other
Eco-maps are a visual map of a family’s
interventions.
connections to the external world.
Family Assessment Tools
They provide a useful tool for assessment of
1. Timing (before or at the beginning of service family, social and community relationships and
delivery to design strategies, during highlight the quality of these connections.
intervention to assess effectiveness)
Ecomap is a graphic portrayal of personal and
2. Method (conversation, checklist, or family social relationships.
questionnaire)
How do you explain Ecomap? communication/interaction patterns among
members.
Understanding the Ecomap:
B. Socio-economic and Cultural Characteristics
An ecomap is a structural diagram of a client's
most important relationships with people, 1) Income and expenses
groups, and organizations; and identifies
resources available in clients' community.  Occupation, place of work and income
of each working member
Tools: Initial Data Base  Adequacy to meet basic necessities
(food, clothing, shelter)
What is IDB/ Initial Data Base
 Who makes decision about money and
TYPOLOGY OF NURSING PROBLEMS how it is spent

A. First Level Assessment: to determine 2) Educational Attainment of each Member

problems of family sources of Problems
3) Ethnic Background and Religious Affiliation
using IDBF famjly: use of Initial Data
Base (lDB)Nature: Health Deficit (HD), 4) Significant others-role (3) they play in family’s
Health Threat (HT), Foreseeable Crisis life
(FC)
5) Relationship of the family to larger
Initial Data Base for Family Nursing community-nature and extent of participation
of the family in community activities
A. Family Structure Characteristics and
Dynamics f. Assessment of the Family

1. Members of the household and relationship Capability to perform health tasks

to the head of the family.
a. 1st level assessment— identify
2. Demographic data-age, sex, civil status,
position in the family. b. health threats,

3. Place of residence of each member-whether c. foreseeable crisis,

living with the family or elsewhere
d. health deficits
4. Type of family structure-e.g. patriarchal,
e. wellness/potential state
matriarchal, nuclear or extended
Health Threats in Life
5. Dominant family members in terms of
decision making especially on matters of health The Top 10 Threats to Your Health and Life
care
1. Coronary heart disease (by far the largest
6. General family relationship/dynamics- single cause)
presence of any obvious/readily observable
conflict between members; characteristics,
2. Anxiety and depression (1 in 5 adults olt relates what health problems exist and will
expected to have an episode of one of these exist.
this year)
oCategories:
3. Type 2 diabetes (fastest growing chronic
health problem in Australia) 0 Wellness State

0 Health Threats
4. Dementia.

5. Stroke. 0 Health Deficits

o Foreseeable Crisis
6. Lung cancer (90% smoking related)

Prostate/ breast cancer

7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) (Lung disease - primarily smoking
related)

8. Adult-onset hearing loss

9. Bowel cancer

10. Asthma

What is Foreseeable Crisis?

FORESEEABLE CRISIS- anticipated periods of

unusual demand on the individual or family in
terms of adjustment/family resources.

What is Health Deficit?

HEALTH DEFICIT- this refers to conditions of

health breakdowns or advent of illness in the
family.

HEALTHTHREAT— these are the conditions that

make it more likely for accidents, disease or
failure to thrive or develop to occur.

First Level Assessment (1)

0The process whereby existing and potential

health conditions or problems of the family are

determined.