LTE Training Session 4:

Mobility Optimization
Agenda

eNB Mobility Procedure

KPI and Parameters

Solution and Case Study

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Enb Mobility Procedure
(incl. KPI AND PARAMETER)
Scope and objectives
Scope
› LTE idle mode mobility (selection
and reselection)
› Connected mode intra-LTE & inter-
LTE mobility
› CSFB
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you
will be able to:
› Describe Cell selection and
Reselection;
› Describe various eNB mobility
procedure (intra-LTE, inter-LTE);
› Describe typical handover flow;
› Describe CSFB procedure;

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agenda
› eNB Mobility Overview

› Intra-LTE Mobility

› Inter-LTE Mobility

› CS Fallback

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Enb Mobility Overview

Intra-LTE
Mobility
• RRC_Connected
• RRC_Idle

eNB Mobility

CSFB Inter-LTE
Mobility
• MO
• RRC_Connected
• MT • RRC_Idle

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LTE/SAE States
› UE states’ transitions

* EPS Mobility Management

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agenda
› eNB Mobility Overview

› Intra-LTE Mobility

› Inter-LTE Mobility

› CS Fallback

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Intra-LTE Mobility
Intra-LTE
Mobility

RRC_Idle RRC_Connected

PLMN Selection Intra-eNB HO Inter-eNB HO

Cell Selection &

X2 HO S1HO
Reselection

Location
Intra frequency HO√
Registration
Inter frequency HO ×
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 RRC_Idle
PLMN selection
› PLMN selection is the first step in the registration process that allow a
UE to carry out or receive services from an operator. A UE successful
registers on a PLMN if it find a suitable cell to camp on within the
selected PLMN and obtains a location or routing registration.

PLMN selection
Automatic Mode Manual Mode

Find a Find an No available

Suitable cell acceptable cell PLMN

Camped Camped No
UE State Normally On Any Cell Service
 A suitable cell – cell selection criteria are fulfilled, the cell is not barred, and the UE obtains
normal service.
 An acceptable cell – cell selection criteria are fulfilled, and UE obtains limited service and
periodically searches for a suitable cell in the selected PLMN.
A category called ‘operator service’ is also supported in LTE, which provides
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normal service but is applicable only for UEs with special access rights.
RRC_Idle – Cell selection &
reselection
› Case 1: Initial Cell Selection
› Case 2: Stored Cell Selection
› Case 3: Cell Reselection

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 RRC_Idle
Cell selection & reselection
Parameter Configurations
Parameter MOC Name Description
qRxLevMin= -128dBm EUtranCellFDD /EUtranFreqRelation Required minimum RSRP level in the E-UTRA cell
Offset to Qrxlevmin taken into account at periodic search for a higher priority
qRxLevMinOffset=1000 (i.e. 0 dB) EUtranCellFDD
PLMN
Maximum UE power to be used in the cell
pMaxServingCell=1000 (i.e. absent) EUtranCellFDD
If absent, the UE applies the maximum power based on UE capability.
sIntraSearch = 58dB EUtranCellFDD.SIB3 RSRP based threshold for intra-frequency measurements
RSRP based threshold for inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements on
sNonIntraSearch=26dB EUtranCellFDD.SIB3 frequencies of equal or lower priority
Corresponds to parameter SNonIntraSearchP in 3GPP TS 36.304
Cell reselection parameter that defines the hysteresis value in the cell ranking
qHyst=4dB EUtranCellFDD.SIB3
criteria
Cell individual offset in the intra-frequency and equal priority inter-frequency
qOffsetCellEUtran=0dB EUtranCellRelation
cell ranking criteria
Frequency specific offset in the equal priority inter-frequency cell ranking
qOffsetFreq=0dB EUtranFreqRelation
criteria
tReselectionEutra=2s EUtranFreqRelation Cell reselection timer value for an E-UTRA frequency
pMax=1000 (i.e. absent) EUtranFreqRelation Maximum UE power to be used in neighbor cells on the E-UTRA frequency
cellReselectionPriority=6 EUtranFreqRelation Absolute cell reselection priority for the E-UTRA frequency or inter-RAT
Threshold for the Srxlev value of the target cell for cell reselection towards a
threshXHigh=4dB EUtranFreqRelation
higher priority inter-frequency or inter-RAT frequency
Threshold for the Srxlev value of the target cell for cell reselection towards a
threshXLow=8dB EUtranFreqRelation
lower priority inter-frequency or inter-RAT frequency
Threshold for the Srxlev value of the serving cell, below which to UE performs
threshServingLow=22dB EUtranCellFDD
cell reselection towards a lower priority inter-frequency or inter-RAT frequency
tEvaluation=240s EUtranCellFDD.SIB3 Duration for the evaluation of the entering criteria to the mobility states
Additional duration for the evaluation of the reentering criteria to the normal
tHystNormal=240s EUtranCellFDD.SIB3
mobility state
Number of cell reselections during tEvaluation to enter the Medium-mobility
nCellChangeMedium=16 EUtranCellFDD.SIB3
state
nCellChangeHigh=16 EUtranCellFDD.SIB3 Number of cell reselections during tEvaluation to enter the High-mobility state Speed
dependent
qHystSfMedium=0 EUtranCellFDD.SIB3 Addition to the Qhyst parameter applied in medium mobility state
qHystSfHigh=0 EUtranCellFDD.SIB3 Addition to the Qhyst parameter applied in high mobility state
tReselectionEutraSfMedium=100 EUtranFreqRelation Scaling of the TreselectionEUTRA parameter in medium mobility state
tReselectionEutraSfHigh=100 EUtranFreqRelation
LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 12 (47) Scaling of the TreselectionEUTRA parameter in high- mobility state
 RRC_Idle – Cell selection &
reselection
› Case 1: Initial Cell Selection
› Case 2: Stored Cell Selection
› Case 3: Cell Reselection

S criterion:
Srxlev = [Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin(-
128dBm) + Qrxlevminoffset(0)) –
Pcompensation(0)]
= Qrxlevmeas – (-128)

Srxlev should >0 in order to camp.

› Measurements condition:
Srxlev < Sintrasearch(58dB)
› Reselection condition:
R(neighbor) > R(serving)
Qmeas(n) – qOffset(n)(0)>
Qmeas(s) + qHyst(4dB)
Legacy based
› Measurements condition:
Srxlev < SNonIntrasearch(26dB)
› Reselection condition:
Priority based
1. to lower priority:
Srxlev (source) < ThreshServingLow(22dB)
Srxlev (target) > ThreshXLow
2. to higher priority:
Srxlev (target) > ThreshXHigh
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 RRC_Idle – Cell selection &
reselection
› Case 1: Initial Cell Selection
› Case 2: Stored Cell Selection
› Case 3: Cell Reselection

S criterion:
Srxlev = [Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin(-
128dBm) + Qrxlevminoffset(0)) –
Pcompensation(0)]
= Qrxlevmeas – (-128)

Srxlev should >0 in order to camp.

› Measurements condition:
Srxlev < Sintrasearch(58dB)
› Reselection condition:
R(neighbor) > R(serving)
Qmeas(n) – qOffset(n)(0)>
Qmeas(s) + qHyst(4dB)
Legacy based
› Measurements condition:
Srxlev < SNonIntrasearch(26dB)
› Reselection condition:
Priority based
1. to lower priority:
Srxlev (source) < ThreshServingLow(22dB)
Srxlev (target) > ThreshXLow
2. to higher priority:
Srxlev (target) > ThreshXHigh
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 RRC_Idle – Cell selection &
reselection
› Case 1: Initial Cell Selection
› Case 2: Stored Cell Selection
› Case 3: Cell Reselection

S criterion:
Srxlev = [Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin(-
128dBm) + Qrxlevminoffset(0)) –
Pcompensation(0)]
= Qrxlevmeas – (-128)

Srxlev should >0 in order to camp.

› Measurements condition:
Srxlev < Sintrasearch(58dB)
› Reselection condition:
R(neighbor) > R(serving)
Qmeas(n) – qOffset(n)(0)>
Qmeas(s) + qHyst(4dB)
Legacy based
› Measurements condition:
Srxlev < SNonIntrasearch(26dB)
› Reselection condition:
Priority based
1. to lower priority:
Srxlev (source) < ThreshServingLow(22dB)
Srxlev (target) > ThreshXLow
2. to higher priority:
Srxlev (target) > ThreshXHigh
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RRC_Idle
Location registration
› The location registration is used by UE to update the registration of its
actual position in the network.
› Two different types of location registration
1. Normal Registration
A Normal Registration update is done when
• The UE is switched on
• The UE is moving into a new TA(-list) Valid in both connected and idle mode

2. Periodic Registration
Periodic Registration is used to locate the UE to avoid unnecessary paging
attempts for a UE that has lost overage, or not able to inform the CN that it’s
inactive.

A timer T3412 controls the periodic TA update procedure.

T3412 is stopped when entering EMM-connected mode and reset and
started when going from EMM-connected to idle mode.

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Intra-LTE Mobility
Intra-LTE
Mobility

RRC_Idle RRC_Connected

PLMN Selection Intra-eNB HO Inter-eNB HO

Cell Selection &

X2 HO S1HO
Reselection

Location
Intra frequency HO√
Registration
Inter frequency HO ×
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 Intra frequency HO
Parameter Configuration

Parameter MO Description
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran=0dB EUtranCellRelation Offset value specific to the neighbor cell relationship.

isHoAllowed=TRUE EUtranCellRelation Specifies if handover between the cells in this relation is allowed.

Number of attempts for handover to a cell better than the serving

cell, before handover is attempted to the next best cell. If there is
no next best cell in the report, then the RBS continues with a
handover attempt to the best cell for every received measurement
report.
minBestCellHoAttempts=1 EUtranCellFDD
A3offset=1dB ReportConfigEUtraBestCell The offset value for EventA3.
triggerQuantitya3=0(RSRP) ReportConfigEUtraBestCell The quantity that triggers the EventA3.
Hysteresisa3=1dB ReportConfigEUtraBestCell The hysteresis value for EventA3.
The time the EventA3 criterion has to be fulfilled before the first
timeToTriggera3=320ms ReportConfigEUtraBestCell measurement report is sent.
The filtering Coefficient for EUTRA using measured quantity RSRP.
filterCoefficientEUtraRsrp=4 UeMeasControl Used to filter measurements before the event evaluation.
The filtering Coefficient for EUTRA using measured quantity RSRQ.
filterCoefficientEUtraRsrq=11 UeMeasControl Used to filter measurements before the event evaluation.
Serving cell quality threshold controlling whether or not the UE is
required to perform measurements of intra-frequency, inter-
frequency and inter-RAT neighbouring cells.
sMeasure=0 UeMeasControl Value "0" indicates to disable s-Measure.

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Intra Frequency HO
intra-enb HO

pmBestCellEvalReport+

pmHoPrepAttLteIntraF+

pmHoPrepSuccLteIntraF+
pmHoExeAttLteIntraF+

pmHoExeSuccLteIntraF+

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Intra Frequency HO
X2 ho
The X2 interface supports :
› Inter-connection of eNodeBs supplied by different manufacturers;
› Support of continuation between eNodeBs of the E-UTRAN services offered
via the S1 interface;
› Separation of X2 interface Radio Network functionality and Transport Network
functionality to facilitate introduction of future technology

The main purpose for X2 is to support the active mode UE mobility (Packet
Forwarding).

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 S-GW MME
Source eNB Target eNB
RRC 1. RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION
CONNECTED (Bearer Setup,Measurement conf))

2. RRC Measurement Report

(Event A3) pmBestCellEvalReport+
3. HO
Decision

pmHoPrepAttLteIntraF+
4. X2 HANDOVER REQUEST Handover Preparation
5.Admission
TRELOCprep Control
X2 HO

6. X2 HANDOVER REQUEST
pmHoPrepSuccLteIntraF+ ACKNOWLEDGE
8. Start Data
forwarding 7. X2 SN STATUS TRANSFER

T304
10. RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION 9. Buffer
(Handover Command,Measurement conf) pmHoExeAttLteIntraF+ Forwarded Handover Execution
Data
Regenerate
11 MAC: CFRA Random Access Preamble
Security Keys
12. MAC Random Access Response (UL allocation + TA)

13. RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE

(Handover Complete)
14.Data Transfer in Target
15. S1 PATH SWITCH REQUEST
16. S5 USER PLANE
17.Data Transfer in Target UPDATE REQ
18. S5 USER PLANE
UPDATE RSPONSE
19. S1 PATH SWITCH RESPONSE

RRC 20. X2 UE CONTEXT RELEASE

pmHoExeSuccLteIntraF+
CONNECTED 21. Forward if any
Data in transition
and release
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Intra Frequency HO
X2 ho - Counters

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 S-GW S-GW MME MME
Source
Source eNB
eNB Target
Target eNB
eNB Source Target Source Target
RRC 1. RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION
CONNECTED (Bearer Setup,Measurement conf))

2. RRC Measurement Report

(Event A3) pmBestCellEvalReport+
3. HO
Decision Handover Preparation
4. S1 HANDOVER REQIRED
pmHoPrepAttLteIntraF+ (Source to Target Transparent Container ) 5. S10 FORWARD RELOCATION
TS1RELOCprep REQUEST
6. S11 CREATE BEARER REQ/RES
7. S1 HANDOVER REQUEST
S1 HO

8. Admission
Control
9. S1 HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE
10. S10 FORWARD RELOCATION
RESPONSE
11. S11 CREATE BEARER REQ/RES
UP Forwarding
pmHoPrepSuccLteIntraF+ 12. S1 HANDOVER COMMAND
T304 12. RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION
(Handover Command,Measurement conf)
pmHoExeAttLteIntraF+ Handover Execution
13 MAC: CFRA Random Access Preamble
Regenerate 14. MAC Random Access Response (UL allocation + TA)
Security Keys
15. RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
(Handover Confirm) 16. S1 HANDOVER NOTIFY

17.Data Transfer in Target

18.S10 FORWARD RELOCATION

RRC COMPLETE/ ACK
CONNECTED 19. S1 UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND
pmHoExeSuccLteIntraF+ (Cause: Successful Handover)

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Intra Frequency HO
S1 ho - Counters

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Intra-frequency HO
KPI

pmHoPrepSuccLteIntraF pmHoExeSuccLteIntraF
𝐻𝑂𝑆𝑅 % =
pmHoPrepAttLteIntraF ∗
pmHoExeAttLteIntraF *100

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Intra-LTE Mobility
Intra-LTE
Mobility

RRC_Idle RRC_Connected

PLMN Selection Intra-eNB HO Inter-eNB HO

Cell Selection &

X2 HO S1HO
Reselection

Location
Intra frequency HO√
Registration
Inter frequency HO ×
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Inter-frequency Handover (IFHO)
› Handover between two cells with different LTE center frequency (earfcn).
› Three Inter-Frequency Handover preparation methods:
– blind inter-frequency handover: . eNodeB configures event A2 based on UE report.
after A2 measurement report from UE, RBS identifies coverage of selected cell, and
start a Blind IFHO handover process, if prerequisites are followed.
– measurement based inter-frequency handover: If no cell available for blind handover,
A5 measurement will be assigned on the UE, UE starts measurements on reported
cells and triggers A5 event. Once UE triggers the event, RBS will start IFHO if
prerequisites are followed.
– Another inter-frequency handover is based on inter-frequency A3 measurement. The
procedure is the same with A5
If none of above procedures is successful, UE will be released and redirected to
the A5/A3 event selected cell according to Inter-Frequency Session Continuity
feature configuration.

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IFHO
Event A2 A5

RwR or
A5 LTE IFHO
< a5B2MobilityTimer

LTE
RSRP A2 A1 A2 Waiting for
(dBm) A5
LTE RSRP
a1ThresholdRsrpPrim - timeToTriggerA5
(dBm)
hysteresisA1Prim/10
a2ThresholdRsrpPrim A5Threshold2Rsrp
+hysteresisA2Prim/10 -hysteresisA5/10

A5Threshold1Rsrp
+hysteresisA5/10

A3 is not included here, as it is the

same with intra-frequency A3, only
needs to be triggered after A2.

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 Inter-Frequency Mobility
• License
• featureStateInterFrequencySessionContinuity Session continuity
• featureStateInterFrequencyHandover Blind release
• Redirection Info with redirect (to
• Redirect prio (connectedModeMobilityPrio) FALSE
one of the candidate freq)
• arfcnValueEUtranDl
Only if QCI≠/1

ueMeasurementActive=? Release with

Bad Coverage NO redirect (to freq
a5B2MobilityTimer
RBS determines a
reported by A5/A3)
Event A2 set of candidate
frequencies* Is there an Event
inter frequency cell that
TRUE
Serving cell
A5/A3 REDIRECT
worse than fully covers the source
threshold cell? Selected by
Event A1 interFreqMeasT
mobilityAction=
ype
Good coverage ?
detected
YES
EUtranCellRelation
isHoAllowed=true
HANDOVER

covTriggeredBlindHoAllowed=true
mobilityAction=HANDOVER Handover IFHO
coverageIndicator=covers
isHoAllowed=true
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IF Blind HO
IFHO
Event A5
Parameters in MO ReportConfigA5
Parameter Description

RSRP threshold value (for the serving cell) for the Event A5 measurement
a5Threshold1Rsrp Used only when triggerQuantityA5 is set to RSRP.

RSRP threshold2 value (for the target cell) for the Event A5 measurement
a5Threshold2Rsrp Used only when triggerQuantityA5 is set to RSRP.

RSRQ threshold value (for the serving cell) for the Event A5 measurement
a5Threshold1Rsrq Used only when triggerQuantityA5 is set to RSRQ.

RSRQ threshold2 value (for the target cell) for the Event A5 measurement
a5Threshold2Rsrq Used only when triggerQuantityA5 is set to RSRQ.
hysteresisA5 Hysteresis value for the Event A5 measurement

timeToTriggerA5 Time by which the Event A5 criterion must be fulfilled before the first measurement report is sent

Quantity that triggers the Event A5 measurement

triggerQuantityA5 The trigger can be set for either RSRP or RSRQ.

Parameters in MO EUtranFreqRelation
Parameter Description
Indicates a frequency-specific offset to apply when evaluating triggering conditions for
qOffsetFreq=0 measurement reporting
The length of time the eNodeB waits for reports from A3/A5/B2 measurements configured in the
a5B2MobilityTimer=5s UE for mobility reasons. If the value 0 is given, the timer will not be started.

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IFHO
Event A3
Parameters in MO ReportConfigEUtraIFBestCell
Parameter Description

a3offset The offset value for Event A3.

hysteresisA3 The hysteresis value for Event A3.

timeToTriggerA3 The time-to-trigger value for Event A3.

triggerQuantityA3 The quantity that triggers the event, RSRP or RSRQ.

Parameters in MO EUtranFreqRelation
Parameter Description
Indicates a frequency-specific offset to apply when evaluating triggering conditions for
qOffsetFreq=0 measurement reporting
The length of time the eNodeB waits for reports from A3/A5/B2 measurements configured in the
a5B2MobilityTimer=5s UE for mobility reasons. If the value 0 is given, the timer will not be started.

For event A2 related parameters, please refer to topic 2.3 Connected Mode Behavior

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Ifho
Blind HO
Parameter Configurations (exclude A2 A3 A5)
Parameter MOC Name Description Value
The preferred way to transfer a UE in connected mode to this
mobilityAction EUtranFreqRelation
EUTRA frequency
HANDOVER
Specifies if handover between the cells in this relation are
isHoAllowed EUtranCellRelation
allowed.
TRUE
Says whether a blind Handover from this cell can be initiated
when a UE reports bad coverage, or not. Note that even if
covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed EUtranCellFDD
the value is True, the eNB will only initiate a blind handover if
TRUE
it finds a suitable cell.
Indicates whether the coverage area of the cell indicated by
the relation has approximately the same coverage area
coverageIndicator EUtranCellRelation
(overlap) as this cell, or whether it fully covers this cell, or if it
COVERS
is fully contained in this cell, or no relation.
Activates or deactivates A5/B2 measurements on EUTRAN
ueMeasurementsActive UeMeasControl inter-frequencies, GERAN, UTRA and CDMA2000 X
frequencies for mobility purposes.
Activates or deactivates the licensed feature Inter Frequency
featureStateInterFrequencyLTEHandover InterFrequencyLTEHandover LTE Handover. The value of the attribute is irrelevant when ACTIVATED
no valid license key is installed.
Activates or deactivates the licensed featureCoverage-
Triggered Inter-Frequency Session Continuity. The value of
featureStateInterFrequencySessionContinuity InterFrequencySessionContinuity
the attribute is irrelevant when no valid license key is
ACTIVATED
installed.
Prioritizes the frequencies among all frequencies related to
the cell for UE in connected mode (0 means the lowest
connectedModeMobilityPrio EUtranFreqRelation
priority. -1 means the frequency cannot be used as a target
Depend*
for transferring the UE when it is in poor coverage.)
Number of measurements that can be concurrently
maxMeasInterFreqEUtra UeMeasControl performed by the UE on E-UTRA frequencies other than the Depend*
serving cell frequency.
Number of measurements that can be concurrently
maxMeasEUtraOther performed by the UE on E-UTRA frequencies of the
UeMeasControl
duplexing type (TDD or FDD) not used by the serving cell
Depend*
frequency

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*: this parameter needs to be set according to operator strategy.
Ifho
blind ho
MME
Source
UE Target
eNodeB
eNodeB

RRC MEASUREMENT REPORT

(Event A2) pmBadCovEvalReport+
F2 LTE cell fully
covers f1 LTE cell

HANDOVER REQUEST
pmHoPrepAttLteInterF+ (HO PREPARATION INFORMATION)

HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE

pmHoPrepSuccLteInterF+ (Handover Command)

RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION

pmHoExeAttLteInterF+
(Handover Command)
SN STATUS TRANSFER

RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE

PATH SWITCH REQUEST

PATH SWITCH ACKNOWLEDGE

UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND
pmHoExeSuccLteInterF+
UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE
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Ifho
a5 TRIGGERED
Parameter Configurations (exclude A2 A3 A5)
Parameter MOC Name Description Value
The preferred way to transfer a UE in connected mode to this
mobilityAction EUtranFreqRelation
EUTRA frequency
HANDOVER
Specifies if handover between the cells in this relation are
isHoAllowed EUtranCellRelation
allowed.
TRUE
Says whether a blind Handover from this cell can be initiated
when a UE reports bad coverage, or not. Note that even if
covTriggerdBlindHoAllowed EUtranCellFDD
the value is True, the eNB will only initiate a blind handover if
FALSE
it finds a suitable cell.
Indicates whether the coverage area of the cell indicated by
the relation has approximately the same coverage area
coverageIndicator EUtranCellRelation
(overlap) as this cell, or whether it fully covers this cell, or if it
NONE
is fully contained in this cell, or no relation.
Activates or deactivates A5/B2 measurements on EUTRAN
ueMeasurementsActive UeMeasControl inter-frequencies, GERAN, UTRA and CDMA2000 TRUE
frequencies for mobility purposes.
Activates or deactivates the licensed feature Inter Frequency
featureStateInterFrequencyLTEHandover InterFrequencyLTEHandover LTE Handover. The value of the attribute is irrelevant when ACTIVATED
no valid license key is installed.
Activates or deactivates the licensed featureCoverage-
Triggered Inter-Frequency Session Continuity. The value of
featureStateInterFrequencySessionContinuity InterFrequencySessionContinuity
the attribute is irrelevant when no valid license key is
ACTIVATED
installed.
Prioritizes the frequencies among all frequencies related to
the cell for UE in connected mode (0 means the lowest
connectedModeMobilityPrio EUtranFreqRelation
priority. -1 means the frequency cannot be used as a target
Depend*
for transferring the UE when it is in poor coverage.)
Number of measurements that can be concurrently
maxMeasInterFreqEUtra UeMeasControl performed by the UE on E-UTRA frequencies other than the Depend*
serving cell frequency.
Number of measurements that can be concurrently
maxMeasEUtraOther performed by the UE on E-UTRA frequencies of the
UeMeasControl
duplexing type (TDD or FDD) not used by the serving cell
Depend*
frequency
The type of event based measurements on other LTE 0(EVENT_A5
interFreqMeasType EUtranFreqRelation
frequencies. )
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*: this parameter needs to be set according to operator strategy.
IFHO
A5 TRIGGERED
MME
UE Source Target
eNodeB eNodeB

RRC MEASUREMENT REPORT

(Event A2) pmBadCovEvalReport+

RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION

(Measurement configuration–event A5)
Timer started –
expect eA5
RRC MEASUREMENT REPORT
(Event A5)
Measurement Report received,
or Timer expired

HANDOVER REQUEST
pmHoPrepAttLteInterF+ (HO PREPARATION INFORMATION)

HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE

pmHoPrepSuccLteInterF+ (Handover Command)

RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION

(Handover Command) pmHoExeAttLteInterF+
SN STATUS TRANSFER

RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE

PATH SWITCH REQUEST

UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND PATH SWITCH ACKNOWLEDGE

pmHoExeSuccLteInterF+
UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE
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Ifho
a3 TRIGGERED
› The only difference with A5 triggered IFHO is that the
trigger event changed:
Parameter MOC Name Description Value
interFreqMeasType EUtranFreqRelation The type of event based measurements on other LTE frequencies. 1(EVENT_A3)

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 36 (47)

Ifho
Counters

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 37 (47)

IfHO
KPI

pmHoPrepSuccLteInterF pmHoExeSuccLteInterF
𝐻𝑂𝑆𝑅 % =
pmHoPrepAttLteInterF ∗
pmHoExeAttLteInterF *100

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 38 (47)

agenda
› eNB Mobility Overview

› Intra-LTE Mobility

› Inter-LTE Mobility

› CS Fallback

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 39 (47)

Inter-LTE Mobility
LTE-> UMTS State transition (IRAT)

› Release with Redirect › Handover

LTE LTE
Bad coverage detection triggers
Connected Release with Redirect:
Connected Handover Command
Redirect Information Move to reserved resources
Frequency

WCDMA CellReselection according WCDMA WCDMA

to redirect information requires
IDLE
W13B
Session setup
on WCDMA as
per normal PS
Connected Connected

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 40 (47)

 Inter-lte Mobility
Coverage triggered mobility
• License
• featureStateInterFrequencySessionContinuity Session continuity
• featureStateInterFrequencyHandover Blind release
• Redirection Info with redirect (to
• Redirect prio (connectedModeMobilityPrio) FALSE
one of the candidate freq)
• arfcnValueEUtranDl
Only if QCI≠/1
• Cell Reselection Info
• SIB6 ueMeasurementActive=? Release with
Bad Coverage NO redirect (to freq
a5B2MobilityTimer
RBS determines a
reported by A5/B2)
Event A2 set of candidate
frequencies* Is there an Event B2
IRAT cell that fully covers
TRUE
Serving cell Serving worse REDIRECT
worse than the source cell? than threshold1
threshold AND neighbor
Event A1 better than mobilityAction=
threshold2 ?
Good coverage
detected
YES UtranCellRelation
isHoAllowed=true
externalUtranCellFDD HANDOVER
lac≠0 and rac≠-1

covTriggeredBlindHoAllowed=true
mobilityAction=HANDOVER Handover IRAT HO
coverageIndicator=covers
isHoAllowed=true
LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 41 (47)
IRAT Blind HO
Inter-LTE Mobility
Release with Redirect to WCDMA

Parameter Configurations (exclude A2 B2)

Parameter MOC Name Description Value

Preferred way to transfer UE in connected mode to a specific 0(RELEASE
mobilityAction UtranFreqRelation WCDMA frequency WITH REDIRECT)
Activates or deactivates A5/B2 measurements on EUTRAN
ueMeasurementsActive UeMeasControl inter-frequencies, GERAN, UTRA and CDMA2000 TRUE
frequencies for mobility purposes.
Activates or deactivates the licensed feature Coverage-
Triggered WCDMA Session Continuity. The attribute value is
featureStateWcdmaSessionContinuity WcdmaSessionContinuity irrelevant when a valid license key is not installed for the
ACTIVATED
feature.
Prioritizes UTRA frequencies among all frequencies related
to the cell for UEs in connected mode.
connectedModeMobilityPrio UtranFreqRelation (0 means the lowest priority. -1 means the frequency is
Depend*
excluded.)
Indicates a frequency-specific offset to apply when
qOffsetFreq UtranFreqRelation evaluating triggering conditions for measurement reporting.
Depend*

Number of measurements that can be concurrently

maxMeasUtraFdd UeMeasControl performed by the UE on UTRA FDD measurement objects.
Depend*

*: this parameter needs to be set according to operator strategy.

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 42 (47)

 Inter-LTE Mobility
Release with Redirect to WCDMA
MME MME
eNodeB eNodeB

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

RRC Connection Reconfiguration
(Measurement conf)
(Measurement conf)
RRC Measurement Report
RRC Measurement Report (Event A2)
pmBadCovEvalReport+ pmBadCovEvalReport+
(Event A2)
Parameter
Parameter
ueMeasurementsActive
ueMeasurementsActive
= True
= False

RRC Connection Release pmUeCtxtRelSCWcdma+ RRC Connection Reconfiguration

UE Context Release
(redirection information) (Measurement conf – event B2)
Request
RRC Measurement Report (Event B2)
UE Context Release pmUeCtxtRelSCWcdma+
Command RRC Connection Release UE Context Release
UE context Release (redirection information) Request
complete
UE Context Release
SGSN Com mand
RNC
UE context Release
complete
SGSN
RRC CONNECTIONESTABLISHMENT RNC
RRC
ROUTING AREA UPDATE & SERVICE REQUEST CONNECTIONESTABLISHMENT

ROUTING AREA UPDATE & SERVICE REQUEST

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 43 (47)
Inter-LTE Mobility
Handover to WCDMA
Parameter Configurations (exclude A2 B2)

Parameter MOC Name Description Value

Preferred way to transfer UE in connected mode to a specific
mobilityAction UtranFreqRelation WCDMA frequency
2(HANDOVER)
Activates or deactivates A5/B2 measurements on EUTRAN
ueMeasurementsActive UeMeasControl inter-frequencies, GERAN, UTRA and CDMA2000 TRUE
frequencies for mobility purposes.
Activates or deactivates the licensed feature Coverage-
Triggered WCDMA Session Continuity. The attribute value is
featureStateWcdmaSessionContinuity WcdmaSessionContinuity irrelevant when a valid license key is not installed for the
ACTIVATED
feature.
Activates or deactivates the licensed feature WCDMA
featureStateWcdmaHandover WcdmaHandover Handover. The value of the attribute is irrelevant when no ACTIVATED
valid license key is installed.
Prioritizes UTRA frequencies among all frequencies related
to the cell for UEs in connected mode.
connectedModeMobilityPrio UtranFreqRelation (0 means the lowest priority. -1 means the frequency is
Depend*
excluded.)
Indicates a frequency-specific offset to apply when
qOffsetFreq UtranFreqRelation evaluating triggering conditions for measurement reporting.
Depend*

Number of measurements that can be concurrently

maxMeasUtraFdd UeMeasControl performed by the UE on UTRA FDD measurement objects.
Depend*

*: this parameter needs to be set according to operator strategy.

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 44 (47)

 Inter-LTE Mobility
HO TO WCDMA - preparation phase

Source Target Source Target

SGSN SGW SGW PDN GW
MME
Source Target
eNodeB RNC

1. Measurement Report
(A2 or B2)
2. Handover Required
pmHoPrepAttWcdma+ 3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Create Session Request

4a. Create Session Response

5. Relocation Request
5a. Relocation Request Acknowledge
6. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request

6a. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response

7. Forward Relocation Response

8. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request

8a. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 45 (47)

 Inter-lte Mobility
ho to WCDMA – execution phase
Target SGSN Source SGW Target SGW PDN GW
Source MME
Source Target
eNodeB RNC

pmHoPrepSuccWcdma+ 1. Handover Command

2. HO from EUTRAN Command
pmHoExeAttWcdma+
4. Utran Iu Access Procedure
4a. Handover to UTRAN Complete
5. Relocation Complete
6. Forward Relocation Complete Notification

6a. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge

7. Modify Bearer Request

8. Modify Bearer Request

9. Modify Bearer Response 8a.Modify Bearer Response

10. Routing Area Update procedure

11. Delete Session Request

11b. Release Resources
pmHoExeSuccWcdma+
11a. Delete Session Response

12. Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request

12a. Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response

13. Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request

13a. Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 46 (47)

Inter-lte Mobility
Counters

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 47 (47)

Inter-LTE Mobility
KPI

pmHoPrepSuccWcdma pmHoExeSuccWcdma
𝐻𝑂𝑆𝑅 % =
pmHoPrepAttWcdma ∗
pmHoExeAttWcdma *100

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 48 (47)

agenda
› eNB Mobility Overview

› Intra-LTE Mobility

› Inter-LTE Mobility

› CS Fallback

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 49 (47)

 CS Fallback
Parameter configuration

Parameter MOC Name Description Value

Activates or deactivates the licensed feature Coverage-
Triggered WCDMA Session Continuity. The attribute value is
featureStateWcdmaSessionContinuity WcdmaSessionContinuity irrelevant when a valid license key is not installed for the
1 (ACTIVATED)
feature.
Indicates whether the licensed feature CS Fallback to
GSM,WCDMA and TD-SCDMA is ACTIVATED or
featureStateCsfbToGeranUtran CsfbToGeranUtran DEACTIVATED. Note that the value of the attribute is 1 (ACTIVATED)
irrelevant in case no valid license key is installed for the CS
Fallback to GSM, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA feature.
Prioritizes UTRAN frequencies among all frequencies related
to the cell for UEs in connected mode.
Sets the priority to which frequency/frequency group to make
csFallbackPrio=4(U2100), 3(U850) UtranFreqRelation CS Falback to. Depend
The value -1 means the the frequency is excluded.
The value 0 means the lowest priority.
The value 7 means the highest priority.
0
The preferred way to transfer a UE in connected mode to a
mobilityActionCsfb UtranFreqRelation UTRAN FDD frequency in case of CS Fallback.
(RELEASE_WITH
_REDIRECT)

The above configurations only apply for TrueMove’s current network. For
more information, please refer to topic 2.3: Connected Mode Behavior

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 50 (47)

CS Fallback
Attach Procedure MME
MSC Server
/VLR

HSS

RRC Connection Set up Procedure

RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE

(Attach Request)

EPS attach type IE:

001 EPS attach
010 combined EPS/IMSI attach
110 EPS emergency attach
111 reserved

Attach Procedure according to 23.401

Derive VLR number;

Allocate default LAI
LOCATION UPDATE REQ

Update Location in CS domain

LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT

Attach Procedure according to 23.401

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 51 (47)

CSFB to UTRAN call flow - UE Idle mode – Mobile Originating

pmUeCtxtRelCsfbWcdma+

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 52 (47)

CSFB to UTRAN call flow - UE Idle mode – Mobile terminating

pmUeCtxtRelCsfbWcdma+

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 53 (47)

Agenda

eNB Mobility Procedure

KPI and Parameters

Solution and Case Study

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 54 (47)

Solution and case study
Scope and objectives
Scope
› Mobility analysis mothods;
› Mobility related features introduction
› Mobility case study

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you
will be able to:
› Have an understanding of mobility
troubleshooting process;
› Describe mobility related features
which can be used to improve
mobility performance;
› Build up troubleshooting skills based
on other markets’ case study;
LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 56 (47)
agenda
› Mobility Analysis;

› Mobility Related Features Introduction;

› Case Study;

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 57 (47)

Mobility analysis
› In most cases mobility is suffering due to execution problems.

› Preparation issues are more random and have devastating affect on mobility if
not taken care of.

› Overshooting and coverage problems are still the major contributors to

degradation of mobility KPI

› For IRAT/CSFB mobility, joint 3G/4G/EPC analysis is needed;

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 58 (47)

Mobility analysis PCI Change

intra-frequency PCI Conflict

Long Distance
Ncell Removal

A3 Offset
timeToTriggera3
Hysteresisa3
Timing Issue
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran
(too fast or too
slow) filterCoefficientEUtraRsrp

HO Exec Fail Ping-Pang HO

pmHoOscIntraF

High UL Locate
Interference on Interference
Target Cell Source

Block HO
Target Cell
Overshooting (ishoallowed=FAL
SE )

intraF HOSR
Trouble Shooting Target
Target Cell RACH
Cell (refer to Accessibility
Issue
Optimization)
HO Prep Fail

Check Alarms

Target Cell License pmHoPrepRejInLicConn

Issue Users

Check Target Cell

Availability

Recreate Neighbor
Relation

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 59 (47)

Mobility analysis PCI Change

inter-frequency PCI Conflict

Long Distance
Ncell Removal

A3 Offset/A5Threshold2Rsrp
timeToTriggera3/timeToTrigerA5
Timing Issue Hysteresisa3/hysteresisA5
(too fast or too a5B2MobilityTimer
slow)
Ping-Pang HO
HO Exec Fail
pmHoOscInterF

High UL
Locate Interference
Interference on
Source
Target Cell

Block HO
Target Cell
Overshooting (ishoallowed=FALS
E)

interF HOSR
Trouble Shooting Target Cell
Target Cell RACH
(refer to Accessibility
Issue
Optimization)
HO Prep Fail

Check Alarms

Target Cell License pmHoPrepRejInLicConn

Issue Users

Check Target Cell

Availability

Recreate Neighbor
Relation

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 60 (47)

Mobility analysis
irat A5/B2 Timer

Target Cell Disable

HO Prep Fail
Neighbor Relation
Issue

EPC Configuration
IRAT HOSR Issue

Target Cell High

UL Interference

HO Exec Fail Wrong Neighbor

Poor Coverage

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 61 (47)

Mobility analysis TAC/LAC Issue
TA-LA Mapping
Wrong

CSFB Cross TAC/LAC

Border, no Pool

Poor EcNo

UL Interference
WCDMA Issue
CSFB Failure HW Fault

High Load

Missing WCDMA
Frequency
eNB Issue
CSFB Incorrect
Parameter Setting
MME Issue

Poor EcNo in
WCDMA

CSFB Latency UE Issue

Paging High Load
Paging Delay
LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 62 (47) Poor RF Condition
agenda
› Mobility Analysis;

› Mobility Related Features Introduction;

› Case Study;

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 63 (47)

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 64 (47)
Feature introduction
BACKGROUND

› RBS is suffering from Too Early Handover, Too Late

Handover, Handover to Wrong Cell, and Ping-pong
Handover

› The feature “Automated Mobility Optimization” is to help

RBS
– Adjust HOM (Handover Margin)
– Calibrate the mobility parameters automatically

› It is new in L14A.

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 65 (47)

Feature introduction
FUNCTION

› This feature provides RBS capability to set the cellIndividualOffset

value per cell relation automatically via the following steps
– 1) Handover Failure/Oscillation Detecting
– 2) Evaluate mobility quality
– 3) Update configuration of mobility parameters

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 66 (47)

 Feature introduction
step 1) handover Failure/Oscillation Detecting

› Four types of error cases

– Too Early HO
› The UE has a connection failure during a HO procedure or soon (less than one
New types introduced

second) after a successful HO and if the UE re-establishes in the source cell.

– Too Late HO
› The UE has a connection failure during a HO procedure or after a long stay (more than
one second) in the same cell and if the UE re-establishes in a different cell.

– HO to wrong cell
› The UE has a connection failure during a HO procedure or soon (less than one
second) after a successful HO and if the UE re-establishes in a cell which was
neither the original source or the target cell.

– Oscillating HO
› A UE comes back successfully to the same cell within one second after a completion
of the HO.

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 67 (47)

Feature introduction
step 2) Evaluate mobility quality

› Algorithm Description

– The algorithm is run over a certain evaluation time, where statistics is

collected on each cell border

– Parameter changes may only happen if enough statistics is gathered

during that time period.

– The statistics is the number of occurrences of the four different types of

failures during that time period.

– These are weighted, depending on the cost of the failure and added up
per relation.

– Then the total sum and the individual values is analyzed

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 68 (47)

Feature introduction
step 2) Evaluate mobility quality

› Algorithm Flow

and

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 69 (47)

Feature introduction
step 2) Evaluate mobility quality

› Configurable Parameters
Parameter MOM / SC Range Unit Default Description
The operational cycle of the handover optimization
hoOptStatTime MOM 1..32767 1 hour 24
function
The minimal number of handovers required by the
hoOptStatNum (Tho*) MOM 1..32767 200 handover optimization function before adjusting
handover parameters
hoOptAdjThresholdAbs The absolute threshold value for adjusted handover
MOM 0..32767 5
(Tabs*) failure rate required to adjust handover parameters
hoOptAdjThresholdPerc The percentage threshold value for adjusted handover
MOM 0..1000 0.1% 50
(Tperc*) failure rate required to adjust handover parameters
Indicates the upper limit value of
cioUpperLimitAdjBySon MOM 0..24 1 dB 4 cellIndividualOffsetEUtran range that the SON function
is allowed to adjust
Indicates the lower limit value of
cioLowerLimitAdjBySon MOM -24..0 1 dB -3 cellIndividualOffsetEUtran range that the SON function
is allowed to adjust

* Used in the previous algorithm flow

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 70 (47)

Feature introduction
step 3) Update configuration of mobility parameters

› Mobility parameters to be optimized by eNB based on step 2)

Parameter MOM / SC Range Unit Default Description

-24, -22, -20, -18, -16, -14, -12, -10, Offset value for the
1
cellIndividualOffsetEUtran MOM -8, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 0 neighbour cell. Used when
dB
5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 UE is in connected mode
-24, -22, -20, -18, -16, -14, -12, -10, Offset value applied to a
1
qOffsetCellEUtran MOM -8, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 0 specific cell in idle mode
dB
5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 mobility state

The change of cellIndividualOffset or

qOffset is 1db, after 6 and -6, it becomes
2db each step

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 71 (47)

Feature introduction
benefit

› Performance

– This feature reduces number of radio connection failure and

unnecessary handover

– Maximizing the reduction of HO failure rate is not the main objective

of this feature; instead this feature tries to find the best balance
between HO failures and unnecessary HO

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LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 73 (47)
Overview

› Feature:
– FAJ 121 1885, UE Level Oscillating Handover Minimization
› Benefits:
– Decreases the number of unnecessary handover, and thus
decrease the signaling load and potentially increase throughput.
– Allows of decreasing the configured handover margin without
increasing the number of handovers.
› This will cause the UE to make handover to the best cell earlier
for better performance.

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 74 (47)

Steps

› For every UE, the RBS measures the time in current cell
(TC), and keeps a record of the time in last cell (TL). Used
to detect and prevent handover oscillation.
– The time in current cell (TC) is measured from the time when the
Radio Link Control (RLC)/Media Access Control (MAC) layers of the
Uu link is established between the UE and the RBS. The time is
measured to the handover attempt decision by the RBS, when it has
received the Radio Resource Control (RRC) measurement report.
– The time in last cell (TL) is fetched from the UE History information
element provided in the X2 Application Protocol (X2-AP) or S1
Application Protocol (S1-AP) HANDOVER REQUEST message,
from the last cell.

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 75 (47)

Flow

TC

Signal quality improvement Signal quality improvement

< handover margin + offset >= handover margin + offset

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 76 (47)

 Oscillation Prevention Rules

(1) Time in current cell (4) Time limit 2 = 2,000 ms offset1 Handover margin offset 1 = 1 dB
(2) Time in last cell (5) Time limit 3 = 5,000 ms offset2 Handover margin offset 2 = 2 dB
(3) Time limit 1 = 200 ms TL = Time in Last Cell
TC = Time in Current Cell
LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 77 (47)
Prevention of Very Fast
handovers

› The RBS never performs a very fast handover of UE. The

limit for very fast handover is T1.
– If TC for the UE is less than T1, and the UE sends a RRC mobility
measurement report that normally triggers a handover, the RBS will
not attempt handover.

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 78 (47)

Prevention of Fast
Intra-frequency Handovers

› The RBS uses an increased handover margin (HOM) for fast HOs,
done by the RBS, without reconfiguration of the measurements in the
UE.
– Without this feature, the RBS configures the UE to send an Event A3
measurement report if the signal strength of a target cell is higher than the
signal cell of the serving cell with a specified handover margin (HOM).
HOM = a3offset – cellIndividualOffsetEUtran + hysteresisA3
› The reception of an Event A3 measurement report causes the RBS to attempt
handover of the UE to the target cell.
› With this feature enabled, if TC is less than limit T2 and the last cell is
the same as the target cell, the RBS applies an extra offset, Offset1, to
the HOM.
– The extra offset is applied by the RBS by calculating the HOM and checking
whether the condition valid:
SN > SC + HOM + Offset 1
– If it is, the handover is attempted, otherwise the handover is prevented. SN and
SC are retrieved from the Event A3 measurement report.

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 79 (47)

Prevention of Fast Inter-
frequency Handovers
› For fast handovers, the RBS increases the inter-frequency handover
threshold (HOT) with offset1, where offset1 is the same offset as for
prevention of fast intra-frequency handover. The HOT is calculated
depending on whether RSRP or RSRQ is used as trigger quantity for
the Event A5 measurement reports.
HOT = a5Threshold2RSRP - cellIndividualOffsetEUtran + hysteresisA5
HOT = a5Threshold2RSRQ - cellIndividualOffsetEUtran + hysteresisA5
› Under certain conditions, the RBS configures the UE to send an Event
A5 measurement report if the signal strength of a target cell is higher
than the HOT.
– The reception of an Event A5 measurement report normally causes the RBS to
attempt handover of the UE to the target cell.
› With this feature enabled, if TC is less than limit T2 and the last cell is
the same as the target cell, the RBS applies an extra offset,offset1, to
the HOT.
– The extra offset is applied by the RBS by calculating TO and checking whether
the condition is valid.
SN > HOT + Offset1
– If it is valid, handover is attempted, otherwise handover is prevented. SN is
retrieved from the Event A5 measurement report.
LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 80 (47)
Prevention of Repeated Oscillating
Handover to a Neighbor

› The RBS prevents repeated fast handover to a neighbor

using a higher offset, offset2, under certain conditions.
› If the following conditions apply, offset2 will be used:
– TL is less than T2.
– TS is less than T3.
› In this case, offset2 will be used as extra offset for inter-
frequency and intra-frequency handover in the same way
as described previously for offset1.

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LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 82 (47)
Benefits of the Feature
› The feature “Mobility Control at Poor Coverage” enhances the current mobility
control functionality to increase flexibility of mobility handling at poor
coverage.

› Possibility to measure on several inter frequency and/or IRAT target

frequencies at poor coverage

› Possibility to disable measurements per RAT but still keep the possibility to
perform blind HO or Release with Redirect to that RAT at critical threshold.

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 83 (47)

Mobility control at poor coverage

Search zone introduced: A2  Blind RwR/HO

› At search threshold: search zone

– Start IF and IRAT measurements

– Event A3 for inter-frequency A2  Search activity
A1  A2Search

added as possible event

› At critical threshold:
– Blind HO/RwR
– Searched and not found
frequencies are excluded

Search for other

Freqs/RATs. If found, do
HO or RwR.
Based on A3/A5 /B2

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 84 (47)

Start of search
› UE enters the search zone when UE reaches and reports on at least
one of the following;
– A2RsrpSearch
– A2RsrqSearch
› If A2RsrpSearch fulfilled -> A1RsrpSearch , A2RsrpCritical configured
› If A2RsrqSearch fulfilled -> A1RsrqSearch , A2RsrqCritical configured
› In both cases, IF/IRAT measurement are also configured
search zone
critical

search

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 85 (47)

Search for IF/IRAT
› When the UE enters the search zone, it is configured to measure on
inter-frequency (A3/A5) and/or IRAT B2 measurements
– A list of candidate frequencies for measurements is built based on the
connectedModeMobilityPrio/voicePrio.
– List includes all frequencies/RATs that the UE supports.
– Measurements on that RAT must be activated in the eNB.
– If the number of frequency relations configured is higher than the max number of
measurements that can be started in the UE; the eNB will skip the least prioritized
frequencies. search zone
critical

search

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 86 (47)

 Measurement report received
› If an A5/A3 measurement report is received by the eNB;
– Handover to target cell or RwR to frequency depending on
MobilityAction and license
› If a B2 measurement report is received by the eNB;
– Handover to target cell or RwR to frequency or RwR with NACC
information depending on MobilityAction and license
search zone
critical

› No RwR if UE has QCI1 search

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stop of search
› Searching for IF/IRAT target may stop when any of the
following happens:
– UE is back to good coverage
– UE reaches the critical threshold
– a5b2MobilityTimer expires

LTE Training For True Optimization Team | 2014-09-22 | Page 88 (47)

Back to good coverage
› The UE is considered to be back in good coverage when A1RsrpSearch or
A1RsrqSearch are fulfilled. (Depend on trigger quantity of A2Search).
– All IF/IRAT measurement are removed.

search zone
critical

search

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a5B2MobilityTimer expires
› UE has no QCI1 bearer and a5B2MobilityTimer expires:
– Stop IF/IRAT measurements
› UE has a QCI1 bearer and a5B2MobilityTimer expires:
– Timer is restarted.

search zone
critical

search

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A2 critical is fulfilled
› If UE has at least one bearer with QCI1
– No RwR (blind HO if coverage relation exists)
– Continue to wait for measurement report
› If UE has no bearer with QCI1
– Blind HO if Coverage relation exists
– RwR to the highest prio freq not yet
measured
› Note: The UE must have performed search zone
critical
IF/IRAT measurements for at least 4 sec for
search
the frequencies to be considered to be
measured.

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agenda
› Mobility Analysis;

› Mobility Related Features Introduction;

› Case Study;

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Case1 : HO Preparation Failures:
Disabled termpointtoMME
BEFORE

AFTER

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 Case2 : Ho Exe. Failures
PCI Collision

•100% failure rate observed on certain neighbor pairs

•Target eNB has same PCIs as another eNB much closer to the source. If there isn’t another eNb
closer to the source, then this could indicate that the target eNb is an overshooter. You will then
have to downtilt the target.
•Handovers intended for closer eNB were prepared and executed to eNBs miles away
• To resolve ANR-PCI clashes. Delete externalenodebfunction, externaleutrancellfdd, termpttoenb
and eutrancellrelation.
•ANR added cells from the closer eNB as neighbors in every case, resulting in a substantial increase
in Handover Success Rate
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Case3: HO EXE. FAILURE
Preamble
› We have recently came across several cases of HO Execution Failures in Oklahoma
Market. While the HO Preparation Failures were zero in those cells.
› Since the HO Preparation Success Rate was ok so it ruled out any issues related to
ipAddress on the Term Points.
› The point of troubleshooting was when the source and target eNB communicate
without any issues then why HO is not executed on X2 interface.
› MME was not considered in the troubleshooting as if there is some problem on S1
interface it will affect all the relations not just only few of them and will have affect
on accessibility KPI. But here it shows that particular handover pairs are failing to
execute HO on X2.

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Case3: HO EXE. FAILURE
The X2 HO Execution Part
There are two possible reasons for X2 HO execution failure:
1. Data forwarding fails: Might be X2 UP bandwidth issue, X2 UP link down.
2. Synchronization to target fails: Might be due to weak coverage, high UL RSSI on
the source / target sites.

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Case3: HO EXE. FAILURE
Troubleshooting / Findings
› What we found: This execution failures were found high due to synchronization
failures during HO execution part.

› Why Not Data Forwarding:

– We found that when HO fails on particular X2, this phenomena is quite abrupt.
Sometimes HOs are high but they succeed while sometimes HOs are less but they
fail. So if it’s a bandwidth or link down issue we wont have success in case of high
attempts else had 100% failures.

› Why Its Synchronization Issue:

– Most of the X2 HO Pairs failing belong to the border sites or where target site is in
the third tier and > 5 miles apart. These sites have big coverage gaps in between
due to locked sectors or no LTE sites nearby.
– Remaining of the X2 HO Pairs failing belong to the core area where there is high
UL RSSI on either source or target sites. We have seen that when the RSSI goes
high the X2 HO Exec failures increase decrease sharply.

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 Case3: HO EXE. FAILURE
Geographical Location of Exec Failures
Solid Lines: Interference Related Failures
Dotted Lines: Coverage Related Failures
More Severe Cases: Red, Orange, Yellow

HO Execution Failures
Due to Interference
Issues

HO Execution
Failures Due to
Coverage Issues

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Case4: HO EXE. FAILURE
Overshooting

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Case4: HO EXE. FAILURE
Overshooting

Electric Tilt Changed from

20 to 40 on 22 Oct

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 Q&A

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