PROPOSED FOOTBALL ACADEMY BUILDING, AUCHI, EDO

STATE.

BY

JOJOBU ODION PETER

MAT. NO. ENV/2291960057

BEING A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY,

SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.

AUCHI POLYTECNIC, AUCHI.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY.

MARCH, 2022

i
 CERTIFICATION

We the undersigned hereby certify that this research work (project) was carried out in

partial fulfillment of the award of higher national diploma (HND) in architectural

technology by JOJOBU ODION PETER with Matriculation Number

ENV/2291960057

….………………………………………… …………………………
ARC. (MRS) AKHARIA O. O. DATE: 3/28/2022
(Supervisor)

….………………………………………… …………………………
ARC. (MRS) AKHARIA O. O. DATE: 3/28/2022
(Head Of Department)

….………………………………………… …………………………
EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR DATE: 3/28/2022

ii
 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his inspiration, hope, guidance,

protection and provision.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hereby acknowledge my greatest source of inspiration to the Almighty God for his

mercies, grace and strength to continue throughout my studies. A special thanks goes

to my loving parents Mr and Mrs JOJOBU BENSON and my loving siblings, friends

and families for their support.

My appreciation goes to my project supervisor. Arc. (Mrs.) O.O. Akharia for her

support and guidance throughout this project.

I would also appreciate everyone that helped me in this project in any way or the

other.

iv
 ABSTRACT

This study is on suitable and adequate academic facilities for learning football in

Auchi, Edo State with Case studies on Manchester city football academy and others.

Objectives were set to guide the case studies. in order to carry out a study of football

learning facilities in the State, to identify and analyze spaces and facilities for

training footballers and producing a design that will respond to the problem of Auchi

youths travelling far away to learn the game of football properly. The literature

review and descriptive studies research methodology was employed. Related

literature were reviewed to find out best forms of football academies; Observations

from the case studies showed that most football schools in Nigeria especially, are not

adequately designed to accommodate the peculiarities of what they are meant for. The

proposed football academy will provide for the youths of Auchi, extra curricular

activities in an organized setup while obtaining formal learning and education.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page ………………………………………………………………………………i

Certification……………………………………………………...…………………….ii

Dedication .…………………………………………………………….……………..iii

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………….…..…..iv

Abstract………………………………………………………………………..………v

Table Of Content…………………………………………………………….…….vi-ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction……………………..………………………………...……..……….1

1.2 Background Of The Study……………………………………………...……….3

1.3 Statement Of Research Problem………………………………………..……….4

1.4 Justification For The Study……………………………….……………………..4

1.5 Aim And Objectives Of Research…………………………….…………………4

1.6 Scope Of The Study………………………………………………...…….………5

1.7 The Study Area………………………………………………...…………………5

1.8 Beneficiaries……………………………………………...………………..…….5

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAME- WORK

2.1 Historical Preview……………………………..…………………………….….7

2.1.1Historyof academies……………………………………………………...……..13

2.1.2 Origin…….…………………………………………………………………….14

2.1.3Neoplatonic academy of late antiquity

…………………………………………….………….15

2.2 Football academy …………………………...……………….15

vi
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND CASE STUDY………...……………….25

3.1 Introduction…………………..…………………………………………...…….25

3.2 Data Types And Sources…………..……………………………………………25

3.2.1 The Primary Source………………………………………………….…………25

3.2.2 The Secondary Sources………………………………………………..……….25

3.3 Research Population………………..……………………………...……………

26

3.4 Sampling Frame……………………………..…………………….……………26

3.5 Sampling Size…………………………………..…….………………..………..26

3.6 Sampling Techniques…………………………..…………………...…………..27

3.7 Case Study ………………………………………………………….……..…….27

3.7.1Case Study One …………………………………………………….………….27

3.7.2 Case Study Two ……………………………………………..………..……….31

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

4.1 Introduction: tropics ……………………….………………….……………….39

4.2 Site Analysis ………………………...………………………………….……….39

4.2.1 Topography Of The Site ……………………………………………………….39

4.2.2 Vegetation ……………………………………………………………….…….39

4.2.3 Temperature …………………………………………………...……………….39

4.2.4 Relative Humidity ………………………………………………….………….39

vii
4.2.5 Rain Fall ……………………………………………………………………….40

4.2.6 Wind Direction …………………………………………………..…………….40

4.3 Space Identification/ Programme …………………………….………………….40

4.4 Functional Analysis …………………………………………………..………….41

4.5 Circulation ……………………………………………………………………….44

4.6 Spaces ……………………………………………………………………...…….44

4.7 Entrance ………………………………………………………………………….45

4.8 Circulation Systems ……………………………………………..……………….45

4.9 Landscape and Parking ………………………………………………………….46

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT ………………………………………….….47

5.2 Design Considerations …………..……………………………….………….….48

5.2.1 Electricity System ……………………………………………….…….……….48

5.2.2 Ventilation ………………………………………………………….………….48

5.2.3 Acoustics …………………………………………………………...………….48

5.2.4 Drainage ……………………………………………………………………….48

5.2.5 Security ……………………………………………………………………….48

5.2.6 Landscape and External work ………………………………….…………….49

5.2.7 Refuse Disposer …………………………………………………………...….49

5.2.8 Fire Protection Control Planning ……………………………..……………….49

5.3 Finishes ………………………………………………………………………….49

5.3.1 Floor Finishes ………………………………………………………………….49

5.3.2 Wall Finishes …………………………………………………….…………….49

5.3.3 Ceiling Finishes ………………………………………….…………………….50

viii
5.3.4 Roof Finishes ………………………………………………….……………….50

CHAPTER SIX

6.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1 Summary Of Findings ………………………………………………………….51

6.2 Conclusion ………………………………………………….……………..…….51

6.3 Recommendations …………………………...……………...………………….52

References

Appendices

ix
CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Sport is generally recognized as system of activities based in physical athleticism or physical dexterity, with
major competitions such as the Olympic Games admitting only sports meeting this definition. Other
organizations, such as the Council of Europe, preclude activities without a physical element from classification
as sports. However, a number of competitive, but non-physical, activities claim recognition as mind sports.

Sport is usually governed by a set of rules or customs, which serve to ensure fair competition, and allow
consistent adjudication of the winner. Winning can be determined by physical events such as scoring goals or
crossing a line first. It can also be determined by judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance,
including objective or subjective measures such as technical performance or artistic impression.

Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified,
the word “football” normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports
commonly called football include association football (known as soccer in North America and Oceania);
gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby union
and rugby league; and Gaelic football. These various forms of football share to varying extent common origins
and are known as football codes.

There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games played in many different parts
of the world. Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English
public schools during the 19th century. The expansion and cultural influence of the British Empire allowed
these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire. By the end
of the 19th century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately
incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage. In 1888, The
Football League was founded in England, becoming the first of many professional football associations. During
the 20th century, several of the various kinds of football grew to become some of the most popular team sports
in the world.

The various codes of football share certain common elements and can be grouped into two main classes of
football: carrying codes like American football, Canadian football, Australian football, rugby union and rugby
league, where the ball is moved about the field while being held in the hands or thrown, and kicking codes such

1
as Association football and Gaelic football, where the ball is moved primarily with the feet, and where handling
is strictly limited.

Common rules among the sports include:

 Two teams of usually between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players (five or more per
team) are also popular.
 A clearly defined area in which to play the game.
 Scoring goals or points by moving the ball to an opposing team's end of the field and either into a goal area,
or over a line.
 Goals or points resulting from players putting the ball between two goalposts.
 The goal or line being defended by the opposing team.
 Players using only their body to move the ball.
 In all codes, common skills include passing, tackling, evasion of tackles, catching and kicking. In most
codes, there are rules restricting the movement of players offside, and players scoring a goal must put the
ball either under or over a crossbar between the goalposts.

A football academy is a facility set up to develop young footballers. It’s most often thought of as a training
school to teach young players how to play football, to meet the club’s specific standard.

Most elite level football clubs in Europe and Latin America has an academy to produce players to:
 Develop into first team players
 Become a reserve or squad players
 Make money for the club from a potential transfer (or through the EPPP compensation scheme).
The youth development system in America is different to other major footballing nations, with players joining
pro clubs after graduating from the various collegiate sports program.

As youth development is so important, clubs ensure that when a player reaches under 9’s, they must play only
for their academy.

These academies sign several young players hoping to find a future star. Previously, clubs were restricted to
locally based players, however as more money is pumped into the game, the larger clubs now have the freedom
to recruit nationwide (and sometimes internationally).

2
The number of academy players moving abroad has become so popular that companies like La Liga Brokerage
form in 2016 to cater to the demand.

The minimum age for any child to join a football academy is 9 years old. This is a legal regulation, which all
football clubs must adhere to. To get around this richer clubs, create a set of development programs which cater
for younger groups of children. These are less pressured and more focused on fun learning and play. Many
coaches believe these sessions can prepare a young player for Academy life, however, it is also argued that
children should emphasize more of playing and enjoying football at this age.

Football academies develop players by providing professional training, facilities and experts committed to the
individual’s development. From day one you learn the basic competencies required of a professional football
player. Concentration on:
 Development of individual technique
 Football skills based on the Ajax system
 Strategies tactics and technique
 Specialist training methods for outfield players
 Specialist training for goalkeepers

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Academy of football or just The academy is a nickname of English football club west-ham United. The
pays homage to the success of the club in coaching talented younger players. The title, originally attributed to
the club by the club and is displayed in several prominent place around the stadium such as being printed beside
the club crest on the artificial surface surround the pitch at Upton park.

The original tribute intended to reference the entire culture of the club, in much the same way as the Liverpool
“boot boot” it was not solely reserved for the education of young players, but also for the development of a
modern approach to football from the root up as inspired by the success of the Hungarian national term
featuring fence puskas that had humiliated England 6-3 and the great real Madrid side cup of the lates 1950s
that dominated European cup.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

 Due to the complaint from both staffs and students regarding to football academy there is need to build
football academy building.

3
 To determine proper location for easily accesses.
 To provide adequate space that will accommodate both staffs, football and some necessary facilities.

1.4 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STUDY

Academies are special training schemes set up by clubs to help them develop young players. All Premiership
clubs have them. Other League clubs run either Academies or Centre of Excellence, which are run along the
same lines. Many non-league clubs also run their own development schemes or community projects.

There is need for the training of young footballers in Auchi to enable them achieve their dreams of becoming
great footballers and this will also establish development in the town of Auchi as many trainees would come
from other parts of the country as the football academies in Nigeria aren’t much.

Auchi is a very large community compared to other several neighboring communities in Etsako. The football
talents in young Auchi citizens demands a center where people can gather conveniently and learn football
properly as mentioned above earlier.

1.5 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

1.5.1 AIM
The aim of this project is to design a functional football academy for the preservation, performance, propagating
and promotion of football sport in Auchi community.

1.5.2 OBJECTIVE
In order to achieve the aim of this study, the following objectives were set to;

i. To determine a suitable location for football academy building.

ii. To design the football academy building.
iii. To establish comfortable spaces in Federal Polytechnic football academy building.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is made to evaluate the location, design and space of football academy in
Auchi community. It is to cover learning of football activities only.

4
This research is centered on promoting football activities in Auchi, Edo State. This is as a result of the fact that
Auchi community is a very large community that practice and allows football and as such, it’s citizens are
required to undergo proper training.

1.7 THE STUDY AREA

Auchi is one of the city in Edo State, Nigeria. Auchi, which is part of Etsako West Local Government Area of
Edo State, serves as the Local Government headquarters. Other towns in Etsako West local government area
includes; Uzairue, South Ibie, Agbede and The Anwain Clan. During the British colonial rule, it was the
headquarters of the Kukuruku Division, the administrative headquarters of five districts. It is the home of Auchi
Polytechnic.

There are varied historical accounts relating to the origins of the Auchi people. The most popular of these
legends asserts that a mass migration from Udo in present-day Benin City led by a man called Uchi
accompanied by his family and followers headed north and finally settled for the relative calm of the Guinea
Savannah belt known today as Etsako land. This migration is believed to have taken place in the mid-15th
century, during the reign of Oba Ewuare of the Benin Kingdom. This period in the Benin empire was
characterised by constant wars and incessant strife.

The population grew to 42,638 by 1952, including people from many Nigerian tribes. As of 1995, its population
was 140,612. As of 2005–2006, currently, the population is about 150,000 persons. Auchi has in recent years
been amongst the fastest growing cities in Nigeria.

The town practices and allows the growth of football activities and it has produced footballers like Greg Etafia
and others who played and plays for the national team and some international football clubs

1.8 BENEFICIARIES
This research will benefit the following people

 Auchi: Auchi is a large community with vibrant talented youths as far as football is concerned. This
academy will boost the football sector of Auchi community. The community will be exposed and
development growth will be enhanced as more income will be generated and this will change the
standard of living of people in the community.

5
  The Government: This center is proposed to be a government investment and this will be a very good
source of income for the body governing Auchi community most especially when the academy has
become a standard for trainees all over the country travel down to Auchi to learn football.
 The Individual: This is not centered on indigenes alone because it is also set to help the young
footballer become a great footballer through proper training with the right facilities.
 The Indigenes: As Nigerian sentiment demand, the indigenes will be employed more than any tribe and
occupies the top offices “because it is located in our land” as they will quote, even though the indigenes
might not be among the most qualified to work in such academy.
 Construction Industries: Advance construction is required in the site and it’s environment. To erect
this structure, certain technicality and pre- construction service will be needed like the motorable access
road must be constructed. The service of quarry that will supply materials for construction. The service
of cement industry to supply the needed quantities, the electrical and mechanical engineer, the iron
benders, and the services of heavy duty machine will be needed and many contracts will be awarded to
both small and big construction companies.
 Researchers And Educationist: The research and learning center make it easy to obtain good
knowledge and make research, discoveries and documentation is easy as concrete information can be
obtained by researchers and this aid learning. This project and research has enabled the researcher to
gain knowledge on football academy and what is required to set up a football academy.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAME- WORK

2.1 HISTORICAL PREVIEW

HISTORY OF ACADEMIES

6
The word comes from the Academy in ancient Greece, which derives from the Athenian hero, Akademos.
Outside the city walls of Athens, the gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred
space, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, had formerly been an olive grove, hence the expression "the
groves of Academe".[1]

In these gardens, the philosopher Plato conversed with followers. Plato developed his sessions into a method of
teaching philosophy and in 387 BC, established what is known today as the Old Academy.

By extension, academia has come to mean the cultural accumulation of knowledge, its development and
transmission across generations as well as its practitioners and transmitters. In the 17th century, British, Italian
and French scholars used the term to describe types of institutions of higher learning.
2.1.1 ORIGIN
Before Akademia was a school, and even before Cimon enclosed its precincts with a wall,[2] it contained a
sacred grove of olive trees dedicated to Athena, the goddess of wisdom, outside the city walls of ancient
Athens.[3] The archaic name for the site was Hekademia, which by classical times evolved into Akademia and
was explained, at least as early as the beginning of the 6th century BC, by linking it to an Athenian hero, a
legendary "Akademos". The site of Akademia was sacred to Athena and other immortals.

Plato's immediate successors as "scholarch" of Akademia were Speusippus (347–339 BC), Xenocrates (339–
314 BC), Polemon (314–269 BC), Crates (ca. 269–266 BC), and Arcesilaus (ca. 266–240 BC). Later scholarchs
include Lacydes of Cyrene, Carneades, Clitomachus, and Philo of Larissa ("the last undisputed head of the
Academy").[4][5] Other notable members of Akademia include Aristotle, Heraclides Ponticus, Eudoxus of
Cnidus, Philip of Opus, Crantor, and Antiochus of Ascalon.

2.1.2 NEOPLATONIC ACADEMY OF LATE ANTIQUITY

After a lapse during the early Roman occupation, Akademia was refounded[6] as a new institution of some
outstanding Platonists of late antiquity who called themselves "successors" (diadochoi, but of Plato) and
presented themselves as an uninterrupted tradition reaching back to Plato. However, there cannot have actually
been any geographical, institutional, economic or personal continuity with the original Academy in the new
organizational entity.[7]

The last "Greek" philosophers of the revived Akademia in the 6th century were drawn from various parts of the
Hellenistic cultural world and suggest the broad syncretism of the common culture (see koine): Five of the

7
seven Akademia philosophers mentioned by Agathias were Syriac in their cultural origin: Hermias and
Diogenes (both from Phoenicia), Isidorus of Gaza, Damascius of Syria, Iamblichus of Coele-Syria and perhaps
even Simplicius of Cilicia.[7]

The emperor Justinian ceased the school's funding in AD 529, a date that is often cited as the end of Antiquity.
According to the sole witness, the historian Agathias, its remaining members looked for protection under the
rule of Sassanid king Khosrau I in his capital at Ctesiphon, carrying with them precious scrolls of literature and
philosophy, and to a lesser degree of science. After a peace treaty between the Persian and the Byzantine empire
in 532 guaranteed their personal security (an early document in the history of freedom of religion), some
members found sanctuary in the pagan stronghold of Harran, near Edessa. One of the last leading figures of this
group was Simplicius, a pupil of Damascius, the last head of the Athenian school.

It has been speculated that Akademia did not altogether disappear.[7][8] After his exile, Simplicius (and
perhaps some others), may have travelled to Harran, near Edessa. From there, the students of an Academy-in-
exile could have survived into the 9th century, long enough to facilitate the Arabic revival of the Neoplatonist
commentary tradition in Baghdad.[8]

2.2 FOOTBALL ACADEMY

Football Academy is a mix of a football trivia game and a card game. In it the player gets to enter the academy
where he under the supervision of former Chelsea and Portugal manager Luiz Felipe Scolari gets to create his
own team and test his knowledge about the sport. When starting out at the academy the player gets two packs of
cards with footballers. Once the player has picked his starting eleven out of these he will be able to go to the
stadium and compete against unlocked teams. Victory in matches and the player is awarded badges, trophies
and better card packs that allows him to improve his team.

The player can't go directly to the stadium however. First he must prove his knowledge about game at the
classroom. Here the player gets to take a Football IQ test consisting of three mini games. The accumulated
points from the mini games is the player's football IQ which determines how good footballers the player can
acquire. Early on the player only has access to bronze packs but by defeating teams in the stadium silver and
gold packs will be unlocked. The test can be redone at any time but first it might be wise for the player to
practice the mini games on the training pitch.

8
Once the player has a team it is time to go to the changing room and manage it. Here the player gets to pick a
formation and a starting eleven. Each footballer has a number of attributes such as position, nation and skill
rating. The team also has a chemistry rating which is based on the footballers' home country as well as their
preferred position and formation. Therefore it's important not only to pick the best ones, but also makes sure
that they fit with their team mates.

The actual matches of the game are played similarly to manager games such as Championship Manager where
the player only gets to see an overview of the action. The tactical possibilities available are more limited here as
the only options available are where to attack (left, right or center) and the mentality of the team (push up, sit
back or balanced). What special however is that at different times throughout the matches the player will face
dribbling, passing and shooting battles. Here one of the footballers will face one of the opponents. Before the
battle the footballers' ratings are recalculated based on their mentality, chemistry and energy. Then each player
gets to choose one of two actions and depending on if he is successful or not the footballer's rating increases or
decreases. The footballer with the highest rating wins the battle. Being successful leads to more and more
battles until a goal scoring opportunity appears.

Football Academy has support for two player multi-card play. The players can test out their teams against each
other but it is also possible to trade footballers.
2.3 FOOTBALL ACADEMY TYPES:
There are different kinds of football academies, but I'll like to share perhaps, the more popular ones in Nigeria
today. Starting from Neighborhood Youth Clubs, Recreational football Academies, Career Academies (School
of football), Professional football club's Youth Academies (Feeder teams), then the most recent, Football
Business Academies:

Neighbourhood Youth Clubs are unstructured kind of recreational academies, they are usually not licensed
and may or may not have a coach. The players organize themselves...or a volunteer may decide to organize,
fund and train the kids. You don't need to look far to find a neighborhood club around you Royal boys at
Ajegunle Lagos, Shiubi Olympics Akure, Star Strikers Abuja, are some of the popular neighbourhood club
around.

Neighborhood clubs admits interested kids within the neighborhood but will choose the talented ones during
competitive matches. The kids make financial contributions to keep the club going or sometimes sometime a
philanthropist in the neighborhood will take up the financing.

9
The goal of the club is to represent the neighborhood in tournaments...training for these purpose as well as the
actual participation helps the kids improve in their football.

Most of the last genetation footballers in Nigeria are products of Neighborhood clubs or School football teams.
Quite a few of them went on to become accomplished professional players and some were called to the national
team.

Recreational Football Academies are usually a pool of 6 to about 10 years old kids that train under qualified
developmental coaches. There's usually no tryout, every interested kid of both gender can be admitted for a fee.

Super Kids Football Academy Gbaghalada Abuja, Greensprings football acadeny Lekki Lagos, Nike Kiddies
Football Project Port Harcourt are some of the examples of Recreational Football Academies in Nigeria.

This kind of academy train either once or twice a week after school or perhaps, at weekends or during holiday.
The purpose is to exercise the kids, let them have fun and probably learn the fundermentals of the game -
shooting, trapping, passing, positioning, ball control...

The recreational academies doesn't play competitive games. Kids are allow to play at their own pace, strength
and only minor techniques are introduced to the kids at this level.

Career Football Academy (School of Football) is a fulltime academy for talented kids between 11 and 18
years olds, who are being trained to become professional footballers. Career academies are licensed by Nigeria
football federation (NFF)... well structured with approved curriculum as well as qualified coaches and
instructors (before accreditation).

Kids come for tryouts and only the talented ones are selected for admission. The full course last for about 3 to 5
years or so... and players are expected to graduate and quickly sign into a professional club both locally or

10
internationally. Therefore, during the course of their stay in the academy, they are made to play tournaments
where agents and scouts are present to see their game.

Kwara State football Academy in Ilorin, Pepsi football Academy in Agege Lagos, International football
academy in Abuja, are some of the examples of Career academies in Nigeria structured as a school of football

In recent years, players from such career academies are favorably positioned for selection into Nigeria U17
national team - Golden Eaglets.

Professional club's Youth Academies (feeder teams) are almost like career academies, the difference being
that these kind are owned and operated by a professional club rather than a business entrepreneur.

The purpose being to teach these young talented lads the culture and the playing style of such professional club,
with the intention to promote the high performing kids among them into the feeder team or sell them off to other
professional clubs locally or internationally.

Apart from kids coming for tryouts to get into these academies, the club's scouts also introduces from time to
time, some quality raw talents they discovered in some remote places across the globe. In most cases, some of
the kids graduate to the feeders or B team... and the professional club begin to pay them some kind of
remunerations.

Some international clubs like Barcelona has started Bescola Football Academy in Lagos; Midaajiti has FC
Abiede Academy in Abeokuta; Paris Saint Germain (PSG) is about to start Iruka Football Academy in
Onitsha...

Perhaps, the best example of professional club's youth academy in Nigeria is the City Of David (COD) Lagos...
that has a professional team and various strata of football academies in its stable.

Most ambitious young lads prefer to join club's youth academies than school of football. The reason being that
the kids feel a step closer to signing for the professional club in future.

11
Football Business Academies are like a post graduate institution of the formal academies. They teach advance
football playing techniques - football intelligence and other competitive edges. Beyond the field of play, they
provide football business education and teach the kids how to covert a role model personality for commercial
benefits.

Football Business Academies are quite new in Nigeria and remain exclusive for outstanding talents expected to
become instant super star at top flight football in Europe or China.

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 RESERCH METHODOLOGY AND CASE STUDY

3.1 INTRODUCTION
To have adequate and appreciate knowledge of the research that will be responsive to human welfare, there is
need to adopt an appropriate research methodology that will aid precision and resolve the problem under
investigation. For the purpose of this study therefore, various techniques, and procedure of gathering data and
statistical methods applied are discussed below

3.2 DATA TYPES AND SOURCES

This study focuses on the building a football academy for the Auchi community and providing inclusively an
open space were football can be learnt adequately and practiced. The scope of this research therefore, demand
an extensive data set that require variable on number of people that involve in this arts, quarter and the largeness
of the various quarter, the other activities that goes on in the cultural center which are social-economic. To

12
therefore elicit relevant information for this research, two sources of data gathering were exploited; (i) primary
sources and (ii) secondary sources

3.2.1 THE PRIMARY SOURCE:

Oral discussions were carried out. This interview was done by meeting the footballers in the village and
the elders who give their point of view on various issues that were discussed. But never the less, information
were elicited from both old and young, male and female and also spread outward information from nearby
villages.

3.2.2 THE SECONDARY SOURCES:

Studies selected as secondary sources included published and unpublished works in reputable journal,
text, dissertation, these, mimeograph and seminar papers, internet google, which dealt directly and were related
to the research which were used for this study.

3.3 RESEARCH POPULATION

Research population is the audience to which a research question is administered (Adetoro 1999). The research
population for this study was the total population of the inhabitants of Auchi community. (Utsogun, Akpekpe,
Aibotse, Igbhei and Iyekhei). According to the 2005-2006 census count, by the National Population
Commission, the community population was about 150,000 persons. The target populations for the study are the
adult (male and female), youth (male and female). But the most football activities in the community are done by
the male predominantly.

3.4 SAMPLE FRAME

This is the list containing records of the numbers of the population of study from which sample can be drawn
(Morenikeji, 2006). For the purpose of this study, two thousand (2000) male and a thousand female (1000) have
been carefully identified.

3.5 SAMPLE SIZE

Research sample is the representation of the population audience enabling generalization to be made on the
result obtained. Kitchen and Tate (2000) emphasize that sample size depends on the variability of the sampling
population. In this regards, the quarters would be analyzed base on the population density they entails

QUARTERS NUMBER OF PEOPLE

13
UTSOGUN 3000
AKPEKPE 2000
AIBOTSE 1000
IGBHEI 2500
IYEKHEI 4000

3.6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Sampling technique helps in the selection of element in the population (Morenikeji, 2006). The random
systematic sampling techniques will be adopted for this study. The random systematic sampling technique will
be used to select the people who participate in joining the football academy of this community and people who
usually uses the center. This is going to be done by a countdown of various people in each quarter that are
indigenes of the community.

3.7 CASE STUDY

Case study may refer to both research method and unit of analysis. In architecture, it is the main source of
tangible or physical example that provide practical interpretation of what has been done or studied in the
literature as they provide the in-depth overview of units of study. Case study is a dominant factor or
architectural research that addresses the importance of learning (Johansson 2003). For the purpose of this
research, multiple case studies are conducted on different structures based on purposive sampling of football
academies in Nigeria and overseas. The majority of the data is obtained from interviews and drawings such as
plans, elevations, sections, layout and the identification of vernacular strategies of the case peculiar to the
region both foreign and local.
The multiple styles of data collected in order to capture the complexity of case is one of the defining
characteristic of case study methodology. The research employed visual survey an interview of the designers or
representative thereby analyzing the reflectance of cultural identity on the case selected.

14
3.7.1 CASE STUDY ONE

PEPSI FOOTBALL ACADEMY, BENIN CITY

LOCATION
Western Boys High School Ikpoba Hill, Benin City

ABOUT
Established in November 1992 by Kashimawo Laloko as a football school and originally based at the Agege
Stadium (courtesy of the Lagos State Sports Council) the initiative secured the total backing of Pepsi in 1994
and has, since then, been titled the Pepsi Football Academy. The Pepsi Football Academy, over the years has
developed and grown into one of the most prestigious football academies in Nigeria.

Today, the Pepsi Football Academy comprises over 3,000 registered students aged between 6-18 years and
operates throughout the year from 14 separate training centres and 54 coaches across Nigeria.

CRITICAL APPRAISAL

MERIT

 There is a good road network within the center for adequate circulation in movement.

15
  The structure is build on a high solid foundation which would make the structure last longer.
 There is good lighting system within and outside the center.
 There are lots of solid structural members in the structure.

DEMERIT

 No good access road to the center, there by frustrating most people from going there most especially
during the raining season.
 The parking lots are not well organized thereby causing parking of vehicles done zig-zagly.
 Poor aesthetics
 Poor landscaping

PREFERRED POSSIBLE SOLUTION

 The access road to the center should be re-graded and maintained.

 The parking lots should be reconstructed and organized
 The external walls should be painted and should always be maintained at regular basis.

3.7.2 CASE STUDY TWO

MANCHESTER CITY FC AND FOOTBALL ACADEMY

Location
Manchester City, England

ABOUT:
The City Football Academy (CFA), Manchester City’s youth development and first team Grade 1 Academy and
Elite training centre is situated in the heart of Manchester, adjacent to the Etihad Stadium and forms part of the
wider Etihad Campus – a truly inspirational environment for young players to train and play.

The CFA is home to all of Manchester City’s soccer teams of all age groups. Two thirds of the 16½ pitches on
site are dedicated to youth development, supported by high quality coaching and education facilities, as well as
medical and sports science services.

16
The CFA is also a global headquarters for those in the wider City Football family, which now includes sister
clubs New York City FC, Melbourne City FC and Yokohama F. Marinos. It also boasts the 7,000 capacity
Academy Stadium, home to Manchester City Women’s FC and also Manchester City’s EDS side.

APPRAISALS
MERITS

 The spaces are properly articulated and zoned according to functions relevance to the visitors.
 Circulation systems are adequate and appropriately integrated.
 The building has become a cultural ICOM and can be seen widely throughout
Popular culture.

DEMERITS

 Its appearance is in sharp contrast to the more typically boxy Manhattan buildings that surround it.
 Most of the criticism of the building has focused on the idea that it overshadows the Art works
displayed within.
 It is particularly difficult to properly hang paintings in the shallow windowless exhibition niches that
surround the central spiral.

17
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

4.1 INTRODUCTION: TROPICS
Nigeria lies within the part of the world described as the tropics. This is the region that lies between latitude
23°27' north to 23°27' south of the earth’s surface. Within this area the sun is perpendicular at noon on at least
one day of each year. For all the points in this region, the sun is almost vertically overhead during the entire
year. The peculiar characteristics of the tropics include high amounts of sunshine, high amount of rainfall, high
humidity levels, almost uniform weather throughout the year and high temperatures. Architectural design in the
tropics must take into consideration the peculiar climatic features of this region.

4.2 SITE ANALYSIS

18
4.2.1TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SITE
The site is generally considered a steep slope topography with maximum slope at 5 degrees. The site drains
from point AB down to CD with the minimum point measuring up to 208m and maximum point up to 211m.
Hence, leveling is required. It is stony and hard, very compacted, suitable for massive construction and public
building, it is termite free.

4.2.2 VEGETATION
The land is covered with different kind of plant, ranging from grasses, shrubs, climbers, small and tall trees. The
nourished green plants on the site is an evidence of a good landscape on the proposed site, this plants helps to
control erosion and the effect of direct wind and sun rays on the building.

4.2.3 TEMPERATURE: The temperature of Auchi community is relatively average, it not too cold nor too
hot, but never the less, certain steps are put into consideration to regulate this conditioning of the place.

4.2.4 RELATIVE HUMIDITY

This is the actual amount of water vapour in the air compare to the amount of water vapour the air could hold if
it saturates. It is expressed in percentage. Therefore the relative humidity of this area is 45% to 50% high.

4.2.5 RAIN FALL

The rain fall of this area starts in March to late October. But the amount of rain fall in this place is very high in
the month of June, July and August.

4.2.6 WIND DIRECTION

The most prevailing wind in the south-east known as the monsoon wind comes into the site but in the hamattan
period, it is highly subdue by the north-west trade wind which is accompanied by dust, and dryness.

4.3 SPACE IDENTIFICATION/ PROGRAMME

Floor S/N Space/Facility Dimension Area Total Remark

(M) (M2) area
19
 (m2)
Ground 5 Classrooms 40 x 30 1200 1200
Floor 4 Stair halls 30 x 30 900 900
1 Swimming complex 21 x 18 378 378
1 Relaxation lounge 4.2 x 4.2 17.64 141.12
1 Entrance 25 x 6 150 150
1 Circulation area 25 x 18 450 450
1 Players recovery centre 30 x 14 420 840
2 Gym 8 x 5.1 40.8 40.8
4 Conveniences 5.1 x 3.9 19.89 19.89
First 6 Classrooms 6.6 x 5.1 33.66 33.66
Floor 4 Stair halls 6.6 x 5.1 33.66 33.66
4 Offices 2.1 x 1.5 3.15 166.95
1 Boot room
1 Health/physio therapy
1 Library
1 Common room
1 Gym
10 Conveniences
Second Lounge
Floor 1 Rector’s office
3 Offices
1 Board meeting
1 Sec. office
1 Theatre hall
2 Stair halls

4.4 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

20
 For the academy to function efficiently, the various component parts would individually need to
function optimally as well as function together as a whole. An understanding of the functional requirements of
the component parts should therefore be obtained together with an understanding of their mutual relationships.
Below are brief statements of the functions of the different spaces:

 RECEPTION DESK/COUNTER: This space shall accommodate the receptionists and shall be located
in the main entrance hall/lobby. It should be large enough to accommodate about 2 receptionists and
their working equipment such as computers, desks, drawers and a large reception desk/counter.
 CLASSROOMS: These should be large enough to provide space for adequate learning because this is a
school environment even though most of the activities might be done outside (on field).
 OUTDOOR PITCHES: Self-explanatory really. The academy would have a number of pitches to use
for things such as training, practice matches and inter-squad games. Not all football pitches are the same
size. This has to be built to an adequate size that will accommodate it’s students
 INDOOR PITCH: From time to time it is necessary for a club to move their matches or training
indoors. More often than not this is due to severe weather problems, though it’s also not unheard of for a
club to do so in order to try and keep their tactics and formations a secret. Essentially everything that
applies to the outdoor pitches can also be thought of as being relevant to indoor pitches, including
having both full-size and five-a-side variations.
 SWIMMING COMPLEX: One of the best types of exercise people with injuries can do is swimming.
It is an excellent cardiovascular workout but also relieves weight from joints and muscles that have
suffered damage. That’s why plenty of football club’s have large swimming complexes. It’s where
players returning from injury can do some work in order to ensure they stay in as good a condition as
possible without risking damaging an injury any further.
 BOOT ROOM: Anfield had arguably the most famous boot room in world football, though ironically
few boots were actually kept in their. It’s where the most important piece of equipment a player wears is
looked after and maintained
 MEETING ROOM: An obvious one, but this is where teams will meet to discuss any pressing matters,
bringing together the tactical work of the manager and the research of the opposition prep team.
 GYM: As important as the ability to play with the ball is, it’s also crucial for players and students to be
at peak physical condition. Of course this would invite the use of a gym centre to help them strengthen
their muscles and keep fit.

21
  PLAYERS RECOVERY CENTRE: The snacks bar would be a relaxation place for visitors to the
museum. It should also serve as an exhibition space. It should be close to or have a direct link to the
kitchen section.
 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES: There should be sufficient provision within the center for the
accommodation of the academy administrative officers. This should be easily accessible from the main
entrance but should also have its own access to the exterior. They should also be positioned such that
they could easily have an oversight of the building.
 LIBRARY
The library would serve as the research arm of the academy providing study materials and facilities for
researchers, students and other curious minds. It should have a large collection of books and therefore
large space for the display. The reading areas should be large enough to accommodate a minimum of
100 readers and there should be sufficient office space for staff assigned to the museum.
 CONVENIENCES FOR MALE AND FEMALES
Toilets should be located at different corners of the building to serve the needs of the students, visitors
and staffs.

4.5 ENTRANCE:
The entrance to the football academy should be obvious to the visitor approaching the building so as to attract
him in. The entrance should be large, allowing for the passage of a large number of people and the movement of
large objects such as furniture and equipment. The entrance has a ball-like shape and texture

4.6 LANDSCAPE AND PARKING

The landscaping of the academy premises would not only enhance the beauty of the immediate environment,
but also reduce if not completely eliminate the harsh extreme climatic conditions associated with the tropical
region. The access roads should be paved with asphalt, the pedestrian walkways with burnt clay paving stones,
while the buffer zones should be properly delineated with expanse of carpet grass with subtle juxtaposition of
trees, shrubs and flower beds, to create an inviting and friendly environment. Adequate parking lots are
provided for to accommodate the users. Parking spaces for the staff should be segregated from that of the
public.

22
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT

The building form would be derived from some attributes of football playing as a tribute to football culture. The
shape of the building would be made to be an ‘S’ signifying SPORTS while the Hostel or dorm area would be
an ‘O’ shape signifying the round football shape. One major attribute that shall be portrayed would be the
entrance of the academy and gatehouse as they shall have ball-like shapes and texture.
Therefore putting this in mind, the concept would remind everyone that visits the academy of what it stands for.

23
5.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

5.2.1 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

Electric power supply to the proposed academy will be very easy because the site is located in an area with
already installed cables and poles.

5.2.2 VENTILATION
Considering the nature of our environment, it is always necessary to have good natural ventilation in any design
except dark areas. To achieve this in the design, numerous windows and openings were created to foster
ventilation in the building. this was also achieved by creating soft-scape around.

5.2.3 ACOUSTIC
Sound production and control within a limited space and how it reaches the listeners is the major factor to
consider in any design of classroom. To achieve this, anti-vibration and sound isolating structural designs were
used in both the classrooms and the library. From the interior of these spaces, all the fenestration in wall and
ceilings will be covered with 1.5mm thick thin sound- absorbing aluminum fiber panels which will help to
achieve the architect’s acoustical objective.

5.2.4 DRAINAGE
Professionally, drainages would be established in all area where rain runoff water can be dismissed from the
environment.

5.2.5SECURITY
One major goal of the modern world is to advert crime and impending danger, therefore to achieve this in the
proposed football academy, security cameras will be installed everywhere. Also, security personnel standby
post would be created to check any suspicious movement. This also includes the use of the town’s vigilantes.

5.2.6 LANDSCAPE AND EXTERNAL WORKS

The external features of any modern building must be given an optimum consideration because it creates certain
impression to visitors. Therefore this project must have that sufficient natural features like grass, tress of
different sizes, kebs and paved area since the area will accommodate a large numbers of visitors.

24
5.2.7 REFUSE DISPOSER
The use of waste basket bins would be used. This would be done by planting these baskets in all reachable
angles of the academy where students and staffs can always drop their wastes. These refuse would now be
dump by agencies in charge.

5.2.8 FIRE PROTECTION CONTROL PLANNING

The installation of firefighting equipment like fire alarm, fire extinguisher, water sprinklers, heat, smoke and
fire detectors, standby water reserve and many more firefighting equipments will be made available.

5.3 FINISHES

5.3.1 FLOOR FINISHES

The floor of this building shall follow due process of erecting a foundation. The application of epoxy floor
finishes would be adopted.

5.3.2 WALL FINISHES

The wall shall be 225mm thick block wall and concrete were needed. The wall shall be plastered with 16mm
thick mortal and painted with quality paints.
5.3.3 CEILING FINISHES
Suspended acoustic ceilings would be used in the building to provide conduit for installation and reduce the
effect of acoustic and sound reflection during a class or reading session.

5.3.4 ROOF FINISHES

Reinforced and damp-proofed concrete roofing deck would be used to cover the academy and dorm area while a
Long span aluminum roofing sheet would be used to cover the indoor football pitch

25
 CHAPTER SIX

6.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1 SUMMARY
This research started by reviewing several related literatures on the concept of sports and its elements, football
academies, football activities, and football activity building expression in architecture. The study area (Auchi
community) was also studied, its people, its culture and also their football/sports practices through case studies
presentations. Studies show that football academies are the best form of buildings to develop football activities
in a place. The research seeks to identify the different elements of football academies employed in
contemporary designs and the philosophy behind their incorporation and also to determine the impression
football training elements gives to the designs when incorporated. The major interest of the research is to
investigate how football training is being carried out in a football academy design, as football academies are
said to be the venues for the training young footballers. This research shows that identity in architecture is a key
issue that needs to be addressed as a result of the universal language of architecture created by modern
movement. Several case studies of football academies were surveyed so as to understand the concept of cultural
identity, expression and order of design.

6.2 CONCLUSION

Architecture in itself marks the history of civilizations and the development of people. This work is therefore a
contribution to the development of the Auchi community. The football academy as a building type, allows
young stars to be trained into becoming great. It would therefore lend itself easily to this purpose. The Auchi
football academy, Auchi shall be a landmark in the State. It shall represent the movement of the State in a new
26
direction and the birth of a new dispensation of sports. It shall call to the youth of Auchi community, a
generation that regards football as a sport for our own development. These youths represent the leaders of
Nigeria’s tomorrow, and unless they respond to this call and accept the challenges to build a better Nigeria, the
story of Auchi community may be cut short and the labors of our forefathers /heroes past would have been in
vain.

6.3 RECOMMENDATION

On this ground, I recommend that Auchi community should not put away their football playing activities away.
I recommend that this project be done with the contribution from all the quarters in Auchi without dispute from
any one on the location to execute the project.
The roads leading to the site (Otaru road) should be maintained properly.

27
 REFERENCES

Don Nardo, Greek and Roman Sport, Greenhaven Press, 1999, p. 83

https://Fifa.com (8 March 2013). "A gripping Greek derby". Archived from the original on 1 July 2015.
Retrieved 1 November 2017.

"Football". Etymology Online. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December
2015.

The truth about football academy (2011). Player scout: https://playerscout.co.uk/football-academies/about-

football-academies/

Derek Birley (Sport and The Making of Britain). 1993. Manchester University Press. p. 32. 978-0719037597

FUTA (2008). Research methods in architecture

Johansson, R. (2003). Case study methodology. International conference, royal institute of technology

Kabir, U. (2004). Art and craft in past and present

Oluigbo S. N (2010). Context and application of case studies in architectural research. Department of
architecture, ahmadu bello university, zaria Kaduna

28
 Site Plan

Ground Floor Plan

29
 First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

30
31
 Elevations

Elevations

32
 Sections

3D

33
3D 3D

3D 3D

34