CASE STUDY PASSAGE 3

(Case Study)

The idea that coffee is bad for the heart pops up periodically. It was found that regularly drinking very

strong coffee could sharply increase cholesterol levels. Researchers find that isolated fat like chemicals,

cafestol and kahweol are responsible for the rise.

It turned out that the European brewing method- boiling water sits on the coffee grounds for several

minutes before straining- produces high concentrations of cafestol and kahweol. By contrast, the filter

and percolation methods remove all but a trace of these chemicals. Moreover, the studies involved

large amounts of coffee-5-6 cups a day. Research also shows that regular moderate coffee drinking

does not dangerously raise blood pressure.

“For heart disease, I think, the issue is closed.” -says Meir Stampfer an epidemiologist at Harward who

has studied many aspects of coffee and health. “Coffee drinking at reasonable levels is unrelated to

heart risk.” Evidence suggests that coffee may help fend off Parkinson’s disease.

Scientists at Massachusetts general hospital, USA, found indirect evidence that caffeine may actually

combat Parkinson’s. The caffeine seemed to protect mice brain cells from depletion of the nerve

chemical dopamine- the problem underlying Parkinson’s in humans. However, these are preliminary

findings, human studies havenot consistently supported caffeines protective role.

The studies on coffee and cancer are also reassuring. You may remember a brief coffee scare in the

early 1980’s when a single study linked coffee with pancreatic cancer. Many studies since then have

shown that the association is either extremely weak or non-existent. If there is a connection between

coffee and bladder cancer, it possibly just applies to coffee junkies. Studies show that coffee seems to

have no adverse influence on the risk of colon cancer.

Caffeine is such a powerful stimulant that the international Olympic committee and the National

Collegiate Athletic Association set limits on how much can remain in theblood during competition. In

addition to boosting physical endurance, caffeine increases alertness and improves mood. The buzz

come at a price though.

People who drink more than they are used to may become restless and unable tosleep.

The question now arises; how much to drink? For most people, however, there is virtually no risk in

consuming upto 3 normal cups a day. For healthy adults, the FDAhas cited 400 mg a day- that's about
4 or 5 cups of coffee- as an amount not generally associated with dangerous negative effects. The FDA

has not set consumption of caffeine by children and adolescents.

The amount of caffeine included in some common food and beverages are

Based on your understanding of the passage answer any 4 out of the 6 questions by choosing the

correct option

1. Select the correct inference with reference to the following

“ for heart disease, I think, the issue is closed,” says Meir Stampfer

a. Considerable research had been done to set a relationship between coffee and heart issues

b. No link was found between coffee and heart issues

c. Heart issues are not the central concern for researches related to coffee

d. Heart diseases and coffee seems to have no relation to each other

2. The international Olympic Committee and The National Collegiate Athletic Association stand

on the assumption that

a. Drinking coffee is absolutely detrimental

b. Drinking coffee may be consumed to a monitored extent

c. Drinking coffee is favourable to the players in every way possible

d. Showering on rival teams cups of coffee so that they become restless and cannot sleep

3. Based on the data given in the box above choose the option that lists the statements that are true

with respect to the amount of caffeine in food.

1. An 8-ounce cup of tea has more caffeine than an 8-ounce cup of coffee

2. An energy drink like red bull has about 70-150 mg of caffeine

3. A 12-ounce can of cola has less caffeine than an 8-ounce cup of coffee

4. A latte at Starbucks has about 14-60 mg of caffeine

a. 2 & 3

b. 1 & 3

c. 2 & 4
d. 1 & 4

4. Select the appropriate counter argument to the given argument

Argument : Coffee is related to cancer

a. No research is able to establish a link between coffee and cancer

b. Coffee does not produce any element that is related to cancer

c. The scare talked off is baseless and there is no proof of such a relation

d. Only coffee junkies are prone to cancer

5. Choose the option that lists the statements that are not true with respect to coffee intake in human

beings

a. The premise that coffee helps fend off Parkinson’s disease is still a disputable issue

b. Some studies indicate that coffee has an adverse influence on the risk of colon

cancer

c. People who drink much more coffee than they are used to may have difficulty in

sleeping

d. Drinking coffee at reasonable levels does not leads to heart diseases

6. Select the option that displays the correct cause-effect relationship.

(a)

Cause Effect

Drinking coffee Sleep

(b)

Cause Effect

Drinking coffee Pleasant behaviour

(c)

Cause Effect

Drinking coffee Cognitive functioning

(d)
Cause Effect

Drinking coffee Anxiety

Answer the following in one or two sentences

7. How can we combat Parkinson’s disease through coffee intake?

8. How does the filter and percolation methods of brewing coffee help the intake of coffee?

2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.

1. Diabetes is a metabolism abnormality that affects the way your body uses blood sugar (glucose), your
main source of energy. To understand diabetes, you have to start from the beginning – with food. Your
body converts a portion of the food you eat and digest into glucose. Glucose is then absorbed into your
bloodstream, where it can enter the individual cells of tissue throughout your body to be used as
energy. Before your cells will let glucose in, however, they need the help of insulin.

2. Insulin is a hormone produced by your pancreas – a gland located just behind your stomach.
Normally, insulin acts like a master key, unlocking the doors of your cells and allowing glucose inside. To
simply maintain this process, such as at night when you’re asleep, the pancreas releases a low level of
insulin on a constant basis. When necessary, such as after a meal, your pancreas increases insulin supply
to meet demand.

3. After you eat a meal or a snack, your pancreas releases more insulin to make sure the extra glucose in
your bloodstream can enter your cells. If you have more glucose than you need, your body can remove
the excess from your blood and store it in your liver and muscles or convert it to fat. Then, when you run
low on fuel, your body can release this stored energy back into your bloodstream, where insulin is
waiting to usher it into your cells.

4. If you have diabetes, this whole process goes awry. Instead of entering cells throughout your body,
excess glucose builds up in your bloodstream and some of it may eventually be excreted in your urine.
This can happen when your pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes), when your cells
have become resistant to the effects of insulin (Type 2 diabetes) or, more commonly, when both of
these problems occur.

On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer any FIVE of the following questions (5x1=5)

(i) Diabetes is defined best as ________

(a) A family of blood infection

(b) A metabolic disease characterized by low blood sugar.

c) Throat disorder

(d) physical disorder

(a) type 2 diabetes

(b) jaundice

(c) type 1 diabetes

(d) iron deficiency

(iii) CORRECT STATEMENT(S)

I. Diabetes is related to the sugar intake of your food.

II. Secretions of pancreas decrease during the night.

a) Only I is correct

b)Both I and II correct

c) Only II correct

d) Both I and II incorrect

(iv) Glucose from food gets absorbed in our ____________

a) liver

b) Kidney

c) Stomach

d) bloodstream

(v) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “change from one form to another”. (Para
1)

a)invert:

b) convert

c) Divert

d) Advert

vi) Some of the most common symptoms are _________

1.Dry skin 2.High fever

3, Thirst 4. Frequent urination

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5, Frequent fainting 6. Gain wait

i) 1,3,4
ii)1,23

iii)2,5,6

iv)2,4,6