REASONING

Name: Rhanah Mae K.
Collano
Subject: GE 102 - Ethics
Course/Session: BPA/Morning
FINAL OUTPUT
FEELINGS, REASONS, AND MORAL DECISIONS
I. PERSUASIVE ESSAY
Instructions: Write a short essay regarding this:
One sticker in a truck says: “If it feels good, do it.”
What does it mean? Is this always right? What can you say? What’s wrong with belief?
The message on the truck's bumper sticker is to "go for it" if you believe something positive will occur that
day or right now in your life. It's similar to seizing the moment and acting on your gut feeling. For instance, if
there are 2.3 seconds left in a 50-50 game and you are in possession of the ball, you have two options:
pass the ball to someone who is close to the hoop or attempt a 3-point shot. There are two possible
outcomes when you make your choice: either he won't make it due to the opponent's strong defense or
you'll shoot it based on your strong instinct.
The adage "If it feels good, do it" is not always completely accurate, especially when choosing between
good and bad options. Will you listen to your gut if it tells you to kill because it feels good? Even if it doesn't
meet moral standards? What happens if a child tries to reach something but you choose not to assist them
because it makes you feel good to watch the child struggle? Are you still morally upstanding and a believer
in the adage "If it feels good, do it"? Alternately, evaluate your actions in light of morality and choose the
right course of action.
I think that as long as someone acts on their beliefs, everything else is fine. The belief will turn out to be
incorrect if the act-taker applies his or her beliefs in a way that violates morality. However, if the doer uses
the conviction that helping themselves into something good and in line with morality will result in something
good.
Finally, beliefs are used in our lives to influence our decisions, inspire us, and more. However, we must
never forget that in the end, we will be the ones to evaluate and make the decision. By doing so, we can
internalize the belief and guide ourselves toward something just.
II. FALLACIOUS REASONING
Note: Fallacious reasoning have no place in moral decisions.
Instructions: Provide the translation and definition of the following fallacious reasoning and give your own
real-life experience or example with these fallacies.
1. Argumentum ad hominem
ENGLISH TRANSLATION: argument against the person
DEFINITION: a valid method of persuasion by which one took advantage of an opponent's interests or
feelings in a debate, instead of just sticking to general principles.
EXAMPLE / EXPERIENCE: Once, me and my friend had an argument between something, instead of
sticking into our main topic she attacked me using my physical appearance, and it hurts in me a
lot specially that it came from a friends mouth.
2. Argumentum ad misericordiam
ENGLISH TRANSLATION: argument from pity or misery
DEFINITION: appealing to a person's unfortunate circumstance as a way of getting someone to accept
a conclusion.
EXAMPLE / EXPERIENCE: “The only wish of my grandfather before he died is for me to pass college
with the degree in English, so you have to pass me in order to fulfil his last will”
3. Argumentum ad verecundiam
ENGLISH TRANSLATION: an argument from authority, or an appeal to authority
DEFINITION: is a form of argument in which the opinion of an authority on a topic is used as evidence
to support an argument
EXAMPLE / EXPERIENCE: My aunt once told me that I should use a slimming pills because her friend
is using it too and turns out very effective.
4. Argumentum ad populum
ENGLISH TRANSLATION: an appeal to popularity, public opinion or to the majority
DEFINITION: is a fallacious argument which is based on claiming a truth or affirming something is
good because the majority thinks so.
EXAMPLE / EXPERIENCE: One of my classmate think that I look like a very strict person because a
girl from the other class to her so.
5. Argumentum ad baculum
ENGLISH TRANSLATION: argument to the stick
DEFINITION: the fallacy committed when one appeals to force or the threat of force to bring about the
acceptance of a conclusion.
EXAMPLE / EXPERIENCE: ” send me a copy of your homework or else I will punch you after class”
6. Argumentum falsum dilemma
ENGLISH TRANSLATION: false dilemma fallacy
DEFINITION: a logical fallacy that presents only two options or sides when there are many options or
sides.
EXAMPLE / EXPERIENCE: “If you put cockroach or worms inside that girls bag, I will let you join our
group.
7. Ignoratio elenchi
ENGLISH TRANSLATION: irrelevant conclusion
DEFINITION: a logical fallacy which consists in apparently refuting an opponent while actually
disproving something not asserted.
EXAMPLE / EXPERIENCE: “She is has the most angelic face in the campus, but little did they know
her attitude is as evil like Lucifer.”
8. Dicto simpliciter
ENGLISH TRANSLATION: sweeping generalization
DEFINITION: a fallacy in which a general rule or observation is treated as universally true regardless
of the circumstances or the individuals concerned.
EXAMPLE / EXPERIENCE: “She must be a respected person in their area because her mother is a
Barangay official”
9. Circulus in probando
ENGLISH TRANSLATION: circle in proving
DEFINITION: a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with.
EXAMPLE / EXPERIENCE: “ Davao City is the most safe place to live, because it has law crime rate.”
10. Post hoc ergo propter hoc

ENGLISH TRANSLATION: after this, therefore because of this
DEFINITION: used to indicate that a causal relationship has erroneously been assumed from a merely
sequential one.
EXAMPLE / EXPERIENCE: “ Her mother is a famous architect, now wonder if she became one too.”

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Name: Rhanah Mae K.

10. Post hoc ergo propter hoc

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