READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Examples of these are the:

HISTORY 1. Eyewitness accounts

2. Diaries
The word derived from the Greek word istoia
3. Letters
which means learning.
4. Legal documents
Accounts of the phenomena (especially o 5. Official documents (government or
human affairs) in chronological order. private)

It could also mean “the past of mankind.” 6. Photographs

7. Old sketches or old maps
Historian- they draw insights from the ideas
8. Oral history or recordings
and facts from the past that shaped our lives
9. Material evidence like cave drawings,
and the society. By understanding these
old syllabaries, and ancient writing
things, a historian can now use those
10. Statistical graphs and charts
learnings in applying them in solving today’s
11. Published and unpublished primary
predicament and help plan the future.
documents and other written sources

Secondary Sources
Studying history, can tell us how we came to
“The testimony of anyone who is not an
be who we are. It allows us to gain valuable
eyewitness. One who was not present at the
learnings that can be applied in our life today
event of which he tells.” Gottschalk
and look past the differences of the people
and be appreciative of each other’s different
It had been interpreted or had used a certain
perceptions.
subjects or topic at history to discuss.
SOURCES Examples
Sources are divided into two: Primary 1. Books
Sources and Secondary Sources. 2. Scholarly Journals
3. Articles
Primary Sources

These are the materials produced by people

or groups that are either participant or
eyewitness to the event.
 MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE AROUND they returned to Cebu after the war, they are
THE WORLD treacherously attacked by their former allies.

They leave the island by this point by sailing

Historical context
the Victoria with Elcano as the captain and
Benefits of crusade for the Europeans are
the Trinidad ships. Later on, they were
the silks, spices, incense, herbs, and other
capture by the Portuguese on their journey
oriental products.
back from the Spice Islands.

Silk Road- it was used as the trade route for On September 7, 1522, out of 270 men only

the goods coming from Asian countries. It Elcano and 17 survivors arrived in Spain

was also as the Arabian-Italian trade route. aboard the ship Victoria. Magellan’s
assistant, Antonio Pigafetta, was one of the

In 1453, the Spice Trade route was conquest survivors who kept the journal about the first

by the Ottoman Empire of Constantinople in encounter of the Spaniard and the Filipinos.

which the Europeans are forced to look for Antonio Pigafetta

other ways to purchase spices directly from
A well-educated man who survived the
the source.
challenges and catastrophes that the
expedition encountered.
In 1492-1502, the Spanish monarch financed
He reported to his Majesty King Carlos V and
the trans-Atlantic voyages of Christopher
gave the hand written journal he kept. He
Columbus that lead to discoveries of the other
died sometime in 1534.
side of the Atlantic Ocean.
About the book
August 20, 1519 – Magellan-Elcano
expedition left the Sanlucar de Barrameda in It was never printed by when Antonio was
Seville with 270 men and 5 ships. But due to still alive. The financial support from the
the natural disasters and man-made expedition dwindled and the interest from
challenges only 3 out of 5 ships reached the their expedition had died down.
Philippines.
1n 1819, an English version was published by
When the Spaniards lost the battle in Mactan James Alexander Robertson.
where Magellan was killed by Lapu-Lapu. As
Pigafetta’s account is the longest and most As the captain-general were wounded in his
comprehensive about the Magellan arm by the bamboo spear, the natives focus
expedition. on him and later on the captain fall on his face
downward and then the captain-general died
The book contains maps, glossaries of native
on the hands of the natives while the other
words, and geographic information and
Spaniards retreated by their boats.
description of the flora and fauna of the
places they visited. The culture, social
beliefs, physical appearance and religious
CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS
beliefs.
During the Spanish rule, they allow the
Enrique Malacca - Magellan’s slave and
Filipinos to hold the position of
interpreter who helped Antonio in his
gobernadorcillo and to make sure that they
writings.
remain loyal to the Crown, they assigned the
March 15, 1521 - the day they land on the friars to make a report and supervise the
island of Zamal (i.e. Samar) activites of the gobernadorcillo.

March 22 – the Filipinos barter their goods Friars – they are involved the election of the
with the products from the Spaniards. local executives, helped in collection of
taxes, educating the youth and performed the
April 27, 1521 – the battle at the Mactan
civic duties.
happened.
Relacion de las Costumbres de los Tagalogs
Spaniards burned twenty or thirty houses in
is an example of a report of Fray Juan De
order to terrify the natives but that only
Plancencia.
roused to greater fury. Arrows and bamboo
sticks are hurled towards the Spaniards Fray Juan De Plancencia
together with rocks and mud.
He came here in the Philippines in 1578
As the battle raged on, the captain-general together with the first batch of missionaries.
was shot at the leg. The natives saw this as a
He was assigned to do works at the Southern
chance to kill him. They continued their
Tagalog area. He helped in the foundation
advances and hurled their spears again and
and organization of numerous towns like
again.
Quezon, Laguna, Rizal, and Bulacan.
He wrote the Doctrina Christiana en - They cannot move from one barangay
Lengua Española y Tagala which become to another without paying a certain
the first printed book in the Philippines in fine of gold.
1593.
Commoners – aliping namamahay
Customs of the Tagalogs
- They are married, and served their
- It was written in 1589 master, whether a dato or not
- The original document is kept at the - They lived in their own houses and
Archivo General de Indias (A.G.I.) in owned a property and gold.
Seville, Spain. - The children can inherit the property
- The duplicate copy was kept in and lands and they can’t be made
Madrid, Spain. slaves.
- The English translation was part of
Slaves – aliping sa guiguilir
the volume for precolonial
Philippines in the second series of the - They served their master in his house

Filipiniana Book Guild. and on his cultivated lands.

- They can be sold
Excerpts from the Customs of Tagalogs
Dowry – given by men to the women’s
Thorn Datos – chief, captain of wars and
parents
whom the people obeyed and reverenced.
- The dowry will be equally divided to
Barangay – the tribal gathering in where a
the children if the parents died.
certain datos ruled. Barangay also means
- Unmarried women can own no
boat in a Malay language. The captain of the
property, in land or dowry, for the
barangay (the boat) became the datos when
result of all their labors accrues to
they settled at the island for the first time,
their parents.
they landed on it.
Most of what we know about Philippine
Nobles – the freeborn or the maharlica history during the first century of the
Spanish period were derived from the
- They did not pay taxes or tribute to a
accounts of the Spanish friars
dato but must accompany him in a
war, at their own expense.
MODULE 5: THE KARTILYA OF  Kartilya is the best known of
THE KATIPUNAN all katipunan context
 Printed as a small pamphlet
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
and served as primary lessons
Kataastaasang Kagalang- for the members of the
galangang Katipunan ng mga Katipunan
Anak ng Bayan (KKK)
MODULE 6: The Act of
 Aims to separate Philippines Proclamation of Independence of
from Spain the Filipino People
 Established by Andres
 a sixteen-page document that
Bonifacio
contained the aspirations of
 First move towards
freedom from Spanish rule,
independence began on July
the sacrifices made, and the
7,1892
revolution that resulted from
Masonic initiation rites – it.
recruitment process of the  December 1897 – truce
Katipunan based from Rizal’s between Gen. Emilio
aborted reformist organization “‘La Aguinaldo and Spaniards
Liga Filipina”  1898 Spanish-American
War ; American became the
EMILIO JACINTO
new colonizer to the
 Wrote “Kartilya ng Katipunan” Philippines
which contains 13 teachings  Gen. Rounseville Wildman
that the members of the KKK sell rifles and ammunition to
were required to adhere to Aguinaldo in Hong Kong
 Born on Dec. 15,1875 in  May 19, 1898 – Emilio
Trozo, Tondo, Manila Aguinaldo returned to the
 Son of Mariano Jacinto and Philippines on board the U.S.
Josefa Dizon cruiser McCulloh conferring
 Took up secondary education with Dewey
at the Colegio de San Juan de  May 24, 1898 – Aguinaldo
Letran announced the creation of
 Studied law at the University dictatorial government
of Santo Tomas  May 28, 1898 – Filipino won
 Joined KKK at 1894 at the age first victory and hoisted the
of 18 with symbolic name newly-made Filipino flag was
“Pingkian” hoisted in AlaPan, Cavite City
 Used pen-name “Dimas Ilaw”  June 12, 1898 – Philippine
Independence Declaration
ABOUT THE TEXT from Spanish rule at
According to Jim Richardson:
 Aguinaldo’s house in Kawit,  1986 Snap Presidential
Cavite Election – Marcos won
 Ambrosio Rianzares  February 22, 1986 – EDSA
Bautista – read the People’s power revolution;
declaration Corazon Aquino became
 “Marcha Nacional Filipina” the President of the
– PH National Anthem Philippines.
composed by Julian Felipe  September 1986 – Corazon
 Banda de San Francisco de went on U.S., conferred
Malabon – played the with President Ronald
National Anthem Reagan which lead to the
financial aid of the states
EMILIO AGUINALDO
to the Philippines
 Born on March 22, 1869 in
MARIA CORAZON “CORY”
Kawit Cavite
COJUANGCO-AQUINO
 Second to the youngest
children of Carlos  Born on January 25, 1933
Aguinaldo and Trinidad and died on August 1,
Famy 2009
 Joined the Katipunan with  Served as 11th president of
the name “Magdalo” the Philippines
 March 22, 1897  “Woman of the Year” in
- Elections for 1986
a pamahalaang  One of the most influenced
panghihimagsik were held Asians of 20th century –
in Barrio Tejeros, San 1999
Francisco de Malabon (now
SPEECH statements (1986)
General Trias)
 Aguinaldo – president;  Ninoy as a loving husband
Mariano Trias (vice and father
president); Artemio Ricarte  Marcos shut down the
(Captain-General); congress; and a dictator
Emiliano Riego de Dios  Ninoy’s death is
(Director of War), and Philippines’ courage and
Andres Bonifacio (Director resurrection
of Interior)  The congress of the U.S. –
 Became an alliance with democracy’s famous home
the Americans in 1901  Continue democratic
government for the
MODULE 7: Speech of President
Philippines
Corazon C. Aquino Before the
 We completed the
Joint Session of the United States
democracy by Bill of Rights
Congress, September 18, 1986
Module 8: Artworks
 Illustrations, drawings,
and photographs – sources
of the stories to tell, record
of the past useful for
historians