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Santiago City, Philippines

Physical Education
Volleyball Presentation
Presented By:
Alexander Orcales,
Angel Duguilan,
Velinda Cagas,
Joshua Ramiro,
Ace Manuel,
Marwinjhay Pasion,
Krizhelle De Guzman,
Arvin Alba,
Nel Andre Blanco,
Christian San Gil, Melody
Acdal, Bless Kimmayong,
Jenelyn Tecson,
Lorna Felix, and
Maybellene Javier
Presented To:
Ms. Melanie Soliven
Presentation Discussion
The group will present the volleyball history, terminologies, facilities and equipment,
basic skills, and rules.

Objectives of Discussion
At the end of the discussion the students are expected to:
 Learn the history of volleyball.
 Remember different terminologies in volleyball.
 To know important facilities and equipment in volleyball.
 Familiarize with the basic skills of volleyball.
 Follow the rules and regulations of volleyball.

Introduction of Volleyball
Volleyball Definition
Volleyball is a game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which the
players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball touch
the court within the opponents’ playing area before it can be returned. To prevent this a player on
the opposing team bats the ball up and toward a teammate before it touches the court surface—
that teammate may then volley it back across the net or bat it to a third teammate who volleys it
across the net. A team is allowed only three touches of the ball before it must be returned over
the net.

Beach Volleyball
Beach volleyball is a sport played by two teams of two players on a sand court divided by
the net. The ball can be played by any part of the body. The game aims to drive the ball in an
allowed way over the net toward the ground in the opponent team’s field and prevent the
opponent from doing the same thing.
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Purpose of Volleyball
The objective of volleyball is to score more points than the opposing team. This is done
by sending the ball over the net and grounding it inside the opposing team's court before its
players can hit it back over the net and ground it inside their opposition's court. However,
whether one wins or loses, each player's strenuous and constant activities during the play of
volleyball result in a physically fit body and good cardiovascular health.

Volleyball History
The game of volleyball, originally called “mintonette,” a name derived from the game of
badminton change to better reflect the nature of the sport and was invented in 1895 by William
G. Morgan. A physical director of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in
Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was designed as an indoor sport for businessmen who found the
new game of basketball too vigorous. William G. Morgan may have invented volleyball in 1895,
but Alfred T. Halstead is responsible for naming it. After watching one of the first
demonstration games, Halstead commented that teams seemed to be ‘volley-ing’ the ball back
and forth and proposed the new name ‘Volley-Ball’.

The Net in the History of Volleyball

William Morgan got his inspiration from tennis regarding the idea of a net sport however
with the net positioned higher than the tennis net. The first volleyball net, borrowed from tennis,
was only 6’6″ high (though you need to remember that the average American was shorter in the
nineteenth century).

History of the Volleyball (Ball)

The volleyball had to be somewhat bigger than a tennis ball but lighter than a basketball a
light leather ball that could be easily thrown over the net was then created. After reaching Japan
and Asia through the YMCA network by 1896, a specially designed ball came to be by 1900, and
over the next 20 years, rules were set into place.

History of the Volleyball Rules

The first rules, written down by William G. Morgan, called for a net 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)
high, a 25 ft × 50 ft (7.6 m × 15.2 m) court, and any number of players. A match was composed
of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the number of ball
contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponent’s court. In case of a serving error,
a second try was allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul (with loss of the
point or a side-out)—except in the case of the first-try serve. In the volleyball rules in 1912 the
number of players in a volleyball team was six which is the same as the current number the
rotation system of the servers was also implemented concurrently.

History of the Volleyball Scoring System

In 1916 the scoring system changed to a format that resembles today's scoring system.
The maximum number of points changed from 21 to 15, and the sets were first introduced. The
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winner was determined as the best of three, meaning that two sets were required in order to win a
match.

Limit on the Number of Hits and Blocking Rules

In 1920 there was a great modification in the rules of volleyball it was established that
each team was allowed to touch the ball a maximum of three times. The first attempts at blocking
happened
even before they were identified and recognized by the rules. Only in 1948, blocking was
codified into the rules.

The History of Volleyball in the Philippines

The history of volleyball in the Philippines dates back to 1910. The Physical Director of
the YMCA, Elwood S. Brown, first introduced volleyball to the Philippines that year. Philippine
people began to play volleyball as a backyard sport and games of beach volleyball soon
followed, according to information from the Philippine Volleyball Federation, or PVF. Players
hung the net between two trees. They made up their own rules regarding how many players were
on each side and how many times you could hit the ball before sending it over the net.

Timeline of Significant Volleyball Events

1915-Volleyball reached the French beaches brought by American soldiers who fought in the
first world war, volleyball spread especially through eastern Europe where indoor games are
popular due to the very cold climate.
1916-In the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by
another player (the set and spike) was introduced.
1920-Three hits per side and back-row attack rules were instituted. Japan, Russia, and the United
States each started national volleyball associations during the 1920s.
1922, The first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. Twenty-seven teams
from 11 states were represented.
1928-It became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, so the United States Volleyball
Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the
field was open to non-YMCA squads.
1930-The first two-man beach game was played.
1934-National volleyball referees were approved and recognized.
1937-At the Association of American Universities (AAU) convention in Boston, action was
taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing body in the
U.S.
1947-The Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded.
1948-The first two-man beach tournament was held.
1949-The initial World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
1964-Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
1965-The California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.
1974-The World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.
1975-The U.S. National Women’s team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas
(moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA, in 1980, and San
Diego, CA, in 1985).
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1977-The U.S. National Men’s Team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio
(moved to San Diego, CA, in 1981).
1983-The Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.
1984-The U.S. won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The men won the gold,
and the women the silver.
1986-The Women’s Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
1988-The U.S. men repeated the gold in the Olympics in Korea.
1990-The World League was created.
1995-The sport of volleyball was 100 years old!
1996-Two-person beach volleyball became an Olympic sport.
2000-Olympics held in Sydney, Australia. Points were now at stake for every rally and a “libero”
player was added. The “libero” is free to substitute in back-row defense at almost every turn.
2001-Beach Volleyball is confirmed as a full Olympic program sport
2002-The International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) World Congress in Buenos Aires adopts a
Code of Conduct and rules against conflicts of interest and introduces height limit competitions
(185 cm for men, 175 cm for women). Italy win the FIVB Women’s World Championship for
the first time in Berlin
2003-Brazil’s Men win all 11 games in Japan to claim the FIVB World Cup for the first time.
China Women do likewise to win their first World Cup title
2004-Olympics will be held in Athens, Greece and China’s Women win the Olympic Volleyball
title in Athens for the second time following their victory 20 years earlier in Los Angeles.
2006-Dr. Rubén Acosta is unanimously reelected as President of the FIVB by delegates
representing 196 of the FIVB’s 219 National Federations at the 30th FIVB World Congress in
Tokyo, Japan.
2007-Brazil’s Men defend their FIVB World Cup title in Japan, while the Italian Women win
their first World Cup title. Brazil claims the World League for the fifth straight year and the sixth
time overall.
2008-The FIVB opens its new premises of “Château Les Tourelles” in May, a gorgeous building
by Lake Geneva in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Volleyball Organizations
 European Volleyball Confederation
 FIVB Volleyball Men’s World Cup
 Asian Volleyball Confederation
 PlusLiga
 Turkish Volleyball Federation
 African Volleyball Confederation
 Peruvian Volleyball Federation
 Philippine National Volleyball Federation

Volleyball Facilities and Equipment

Volleyball Court
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 The playing court is 18m long and 9m wide and is surrounded by a free zone 3m wide on
all sides. The space above the playing area is known as the free playing space and is a
minimum of 7m high from the playing surface.
 For The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, or FIVB, world, and official
competitions, the free zone measures a minimum of 5m from the sidelines and 8m from
the end’s lines. The free playing space is a minimum of 7m high from the playing
surface.
 The length of a volleyball court depends largely on the number of players participating. A
beach volleyball doubles match, for instance, will have a smaller court than a standard
match involving six players on each side. Matches set up by USA Volleyball, the NCAA
and other official volleyball leagues will have small, likely unnoticeable differences in
dimensions compared with a recreational volleyball court, which is used more for
intramural and less-competitive matches.
 The NCAA recommends that the space above an indoor court by 41 feet, which is
measured from the playing surface. The rules also state that the playing space above the
court must be free of any obstruction to a minimum of 25 feet for facilities that were built
after 2006.

Playing Surface
 The playing surface is flat and a light color. For FIVB, world, and official competitions,
only a wooden or synthetic surface is allowed.
 White colors are required for the lines. Other different colors are required for the playing
court and free zone.

Line Markings
 All lines on the court are 5cm wide and are a light color different from the color of the
floor.
 The boundary lines are the two sidelines and end lines. The center line divides the
playing court into two equal courts, 9m x 9m each. This line extends from beneath the net
from sideline to sideline.
 On each court, the rear edge of the attack line is drawn 3m back from the middle of the
center line and marks the front zone.

Zone and Areas

 The front zone on each court is limited by the axis of the center line and the rear edge of
the attack line. The front zone extends beyond the sidelines to the end of the free zone.
 The service zone is a 9m wide area behind each end line and extends to the end of the
free zone. It is 15cm long and drawn 20cm behind the end line as an extension of the
sidelines.
 The substitution zone extends from both attack lines to the scorer’s table.
 The Libero Replacement zone is part of the free zone on the same side as the team
benches, extending from the attack line up to the end line.
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 A penalty area, 1m x 1m, is located in the control area outside of the endlines.

Net and Post

 The net is 2.43m high for men and 2.24m high for women. It is placed vertically over the
center line. It is 1m wide and 9.5m-10m long and is 10cm square black mesh.
 The height of the net is measured from the center of the playing court.
 The antenna is a flexible rod, 1.8m long and 10mm in diameter, and made of fiberglass or
similar material. It is fastened on opposite sides of the net. The top of the antenna extends
80cm above the net and is marked with 10cm stripes of contrasting color, usually red and
white.
 The 2.55m high posts are placed 0.50m-1.0m outside the sidelines. The posts are rounded
and fixed to the ground without wires.

Centerline
 A center line is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet squares,
above which the net is placed.

Attack Line
 An attack line is marked 10 feet from each side of the center line.

Service Line
 A service line, the area from which the server may serve the volleyball, is marked 10 feet
inside the right sideline on each back line.

Poles
 Volleyball poles should be set at 36 feet apart, 3 feet further out from the sidelines.

Ball
 The ball used for volleyball is smaller than the basketball bladder that was used
originally. For indoor volleyball, it should have a circumference between 65 and 67 cm
when fully inflated to an inner pressure between 4.3 and 4.6 lbs. psi. Once inflated, the
ball must weigh between 260 and 280 g. During FIVB competitions and world events,
three balls are used and must meet the same standards as the other balls before being
approved for play.
Early Ball: Because the ball needs to be kept airborne, it needs to be fairly light but not so light
that it can only move slowly. Originally the game was played with a bladder from a basketball
but this was too slow as it was not heavy enough. Early players attempted to use basketballs but
they were too heavy.
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Spalding Ball: Morgan asked the factory of A.G. Spalding & Bros. near Chicopee,
Massachusetts to make him a special ball for the game. They created a ball in 1900 consisting of
three layers. The first was a latex bladder made from material like a bicycle tire, the second was
a cheesecloth material around the bladder, and the third was a leather outer layer. This was
satisfactory and modern volleyballs have not changed significantly since the first design.

Official Ball for the 2008 Olympics: For decades the volleyball was stitched with an 18-panel
construction. For the Olympic indoor volleyball competition in 2008 the company Mikasa
developed and manufactured a new design. This new ball has an eight-panel design to allow
more hand contact on the ball for improved accuracy. The ball has dimples that are meant to
create a truer flight pattern. This was the first major design change in over 100 years.

Modern Volleyballs: Have a circumference of between 25 and 27 inches and weigh from 9 to 12
ounces.

Beach Volleyball
 The beach variant of volleyball began in the 1940s. While many of the rules and
specifications of this format are the same as indoor volleyball, there are some differences.
The court used in beach volleyball is slightly smaller, measuring 16 meters by 8 meters.
The ball also is increased in size to a circumference between 66 and 68 cm. The average
net height for men and women stays the same.
 The Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) and the Olympics feature doubles
beach volleyball, consisting of two players on each side of the net. Since there are fewer
players on the court, the dimensions are smaller: A doubles beach volleyball court is 52
feet 6 inches long and 26 feet 3 inches wide.

Volleyball Basic Skills

There are 6 volleyball basic skills which following:
1. Serving
A good serve is very important in a game, it can score a point, begins the game, and can
set you up for a good counter-offensive. If you have a bad serve you can make it too easy for the
opposition to attack. More importantly, when a serve is hit into the net or out, it is a lost point,
also known as an unforced error. Great serves put the opposition at an immediate disadvantage
for the point.

5 Types of Serves in Volleyball

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1. The Underhand Serve

One foot back, the ball is held in the non-dominant hand. The dominant hand makes a
fist, the weight moves to the forward foot and the ball is contacted by the fist just behind the
center of the ball. This serve is often lumped into the same category as the “granny” free throw
shooting style in basketball. Some call it “cheating” or for amateurs outside of competition.
The underhand serve can be useful to someone who cannot yet generate the power
required to get the overhand serve across the net. It’s also valuable to those who have trouble
coordinating the timing between the toss and contact with the ball.
2. The Overhand Serve
The non-dominant hand holds the ball and is extended forward from the shoulder. The
ball is tossed up and contacted with the dominant hand moving from over the head down and
through to the waist. This serve is popular due to its ability to accommodate power, precision,
and a variety of spins.
3. The Floater
The steps for an overhand serve take place and then hand contact should be made directly
behind the middle part of the volleyball. The arm will follow through but should be stopped
before descending toward the waist. The aim is to produce no spin while generating power. A
float serve can be devastating to an unsuspecting or unreliable passer. The ball has very little
spin, making it susceptible to the forces of air. Floaters often move left or right unexpectedly and
quickly drop once they lose momentum.
4. The Topspin
The steps for an overhand serve with a high toss take place then the player should move
under the toss and strike the ball from below. The follow-through should be down with a good
wrist snap and then toward the outside of the shoulder. Topspin serves to get on defensive
players quickly and can drop just over the net, putting serve receivers in a bind. Adding topspin
can be a good way for players who are not as strong as others to put quality power behind the
ball.
5. Jump Serves
The ball is tossed with the non-dominant hand very high and several feet in front of the
player. An approach is made and the player jumps to attack the ball. A firm wrist and
abbreviated follow-through help keep control throughout the serve. You can implement both
topspin and float techniques during a jump serve. The jump serve is difficult to execute and
comes with lower accuracy. However, when done well, it is devastating to try and return.
Serving Location/Tips
a. Hit it hard to the soft spot in the middle -The idea here is to take advantage of indecision. If
the ball is between two players and has pace on it, it will be hard for them to communicate fast
enough to pass effectively.
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b. Take it down the line -The key to a good serve down the line is deception. Coach players use
their eyes to indicate serving toward the middle and use their hand placement to guide the ball
toward the line.
c. Cross-court misdirection -Guide the ball to the opposite side of the court from the server by
contacting the ball and following through slightly outside of the center.
d. Slow it down -Almost every serve receiver is anticipating a hard serve. It is effective to serve
several hard serves in a row followed by a slow version, like a floater.
e. The jump float serve is as effective as it is challenging -This serve is a lot to watch as the
player jumps, seemingly preparing to send a fast-paced serve over the net. Taking the speed off a
jump serve tends to confuse serve receivers and makes a return attack less likely.
f. Send it high in the sky -The “sky ball” as it is known to some, is a disorienting serve that
comes down like a meteor from space. This serve can be effective against teams that have been
successful in returning serves throughout the match.

2. Passing (Forearm Underhand)

The forearm pass or bump is the most basic skill in volleyball but also the most important
as it forms the core action of the game. It is very important that a player has a bulletproof
forearm pass from a solid platform. The idea of a pass is to use one’s forearms to play the ball to
one of your teammates. It is used when receiving a serve or reacting to an opponent’s attack.
The player should be holding his arms away from the body at a 90-degree angle with his
hands together. The knees should be bent. The ball comes in contact with the lower forearms just
above the wrist. After contact, the arms should point toward the target. Over-swinging the arms
is a common mistake when perfecting the bump, as is contacting the ball with the wrists or
hands. The first bump of a volley should be aimed at a setter so he can set up the volleyball for
the spike.

3. Setting
A set is typically a front-line pass or a move done by players who are positioned near the
net. Knees should be bent and hands extended 4 to 6 inches above the head. The fingers should
be spread to imitate the shape of the ball; make a triangle with the thumbs and first fingers. The
ball will make contact with the fingers right above the hairline. Then the arms are extended in the
direction the player wishes the ball to go. Freeze the motion when the arms are fully extended.
The goal of a set, which is typically the second hit, is to position one of your teammates
for an attack. Aim and location are vital during setting as a good set help your teammate to hit
the ball efficiently, while a bad set will make it impossible for your teammate to execute the hit
well.

4. Blocking
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A block is a defensive move used when the other team attempts to spike the ball. The
player must be right next to the net and jump at the same or moments after the opposing player,
to successfully block a spike. Hands are used to extend the height of the net, and fingers should
be spread about the width of the ball. Arms are locked and when possible, players should try to
reach slightly over the net with their hands to send the ball back to the opponent’s side. Touching
the net is illegal and will end the volley.
A block is an excellent strategy to weaken the opposition's attack. Additionally, because
it limits their alternatives for the decisive shot, it puts pressure on the enemy during play. When
blocking, keep your eyes on the ball and jump as high as you can. Keep both arms lifted above
your head with your hands close together and your fingers extended wide. Try to extend your
arms and hands a little bit.

5. Digging
This refers to when a player prevents the ball from hitting the ground on the side of the
net after an opponent has spiked or served the ball toward them. It is a crucial volleyball
defensive technique. In volleyball, digging is a form of passing, but not all passes are digs. Digs
occur after an opponent serves or spikes the ball. Digs may not always be perfect passes to a
teammate, as the goal of a dig is to keep the ball playable and continue the rally, whereas passes
prioritize setting up a teammate to score an opponent's team's hard-driven shot or spike must
frequently be recovered during a dig.

6. Diving
Often called the swan dive, or sometimes the volleyball dolphin dive, this is a technique
used in volleyball to keep the ball alive in difficult situations. The volleyball dive is a technique
used to quickly get part of your body–your hand or forearm–under the ball to continue the rally.
Our volleyball ancestors realized that when you play a ball that’s already close to the floor
you’re probably going to fall to the floor, too. In this way, the volleyball dive can be thought of
as a technique to control how you fall to the floor, while still playing the ball.

7. Spiking
A volleyball spike or attack is the strategy used to send the ball over the net to the
opponent in such a manner that the ball is not returnable. A spike or hit occurs when a player
leaps and swings one arm above while striking the ball over the net. The player makes what
appears to be a downward slap contact with the ball with an open hand. The goal is to spike the
ball hard such that it is challenging for the opposing team to receive it. Jumping during spiking
gives the strike more force and momentum and gives the player more height to aim the ball with.
High-level players will be able to direct the ball toward various areas of the court where they
believe the defense may be vulnerable at that precise moment.
Which players on the team perform the volleyball attack?
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To legally spike the ball when positioned at the net, you must be a front-row player. So usually,
it's just the front-row players on the team that spike the ball. Back-row players can legally spike
the ball from behind the 10-foot (3-meter) line. This is a much more difficult type of volleyball
attack and is used only by more experienced volleyball players.

Volleyball Rules
1. Gameplay
 The height of the net measured from the center of the court is 7 feet 4 inches (Girls High
School), 7 feet (Girls Middle School), and 8 feet (Boys High School).
 The serving line must be 30 feet from the net on each side.
 The Attack line must be 10 feet from the net on each side.
 During the match and while on the court, the team captain is the game captain and is the
only player authorized to speak to the referees. If the team captain is not on the court, the
coach must assign another player on the court to assume the role of game captain.
 Each team is allowed two time-outs per set.
 There are no line judges during any match.
2. Coin Toss
 Before the match, the referee will carry out a coin toss to decide upon the first service and
the sides of the court in the first set.
 If a deciding set is to be played, a new coin toss will be carried out.
 The coin toss is taken place with the referee and two team captains.
 The winner of the coin toss chooses the right to serve or to receive the service or the side
of the court. The loser takes the remaining choice.
 The warm-up for all games will consist of the following layout:
Each team shares the court for 3 minutes.
One team gets the full court for 3 minutes.
The opposing team gets the full court for 3 minutes.
3. Serving
 Server must contact from behind the end line.
 Server must contact the ball within 8 seconds after the referee whistles for service.
 The ball may be served overhand with a ball in motion, underhand with a ball in motion,
or underhand with the ball in a non-motion position.
 The ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve.
 Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for a point.
 Serve must be returned by a bump or a set only. No attacking, spiking or blocking a
serve.
 The serve cannot hit the ceiling or any other hanging object.
4. Scoring
 Rally scoring will be used.
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 A team scores a point:

a. by successfully landing the ball on the opponent’s court.
b. when the opposing team commits a fault.
c. when the opponent team receives a penalty.
 Game will be played to 25 pts.
 The team must win by 2 points.
 The winner of the match is determined by the best 2 out of 3 sets.
 All Championship matches will be determined by the best 3 out of 5 sets.
 All third and fifth sets will be played to 15 points (MUST WIN BY 2 POINTS).
5. Rotation
 When the receiving team wins a volley, that team will rotate.
 Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner.
 After the service hit, the players may move around and occupy any position on their
court.
 After each set, the teams switch sides.
 In the deciding set, once the leading team reaches 8 points, the teams switch sides.
6. Volley
 Maximum of three contacts per side.
 Players may not contact the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a contact).
 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.
 A ball touching a boundary line is in bounds.
 A legal contact is contact with the ball by any part of the player’s body.
 If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one contact and
the players involved may not participate in the next touch.
 A player must not block or attack a serve.
 Only front-row players are allowed to block at the net.
 A ball is considered out when all parts of the ball, which contact the floor, are completely
outside the boundary lines.
 A ball is considered out when it touches an object outside the court based on the referee’s
discretion.
 A ball is out of play if it contacts the ceiling or overhead objects, regardless of height,
above the opponent’s area.
 A ball that hits the ceiling or overhead object on the side of possession is a playable ball
if it is not the third contact.
7. Substitution
 Players can be substituted during any dead ball and time out.
 Teams cannot substitute more than 18 times in one set.
 A player in the starting lineup may leave the game and may re-enter, but only to their
previous position in the lineup.
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 Multiple substitutes may enter the game at the same time.

 Substitution only takes place in between volleys or during time-outs.
8. Violations
 Stepping on or over the line on a serve.
 Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
 Contacting the ball illegally (Carrying, Palming, Throwing, Double Touch, etc.).
 Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven
into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul
will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.
 Back-row players blocking or hitting in front of the attack line.
 Players cannot switch positions before the serve.
 Players cannot go under the net and over the center line.
 A team commits a positional fault if any player is not in their correct
 position at the moment the ball is hit by the server.
 A rotational fault is committed when the service is not made in the correct order.
 All coaches and players on the bench must stay behind the 10-foot line unless a specific
player is in the process of substitution.

Volleyball Terminologies
Like all sports, volleyball has some unique terminology that only people in the sport
would understand. Understanding simple sayings and game terms is a great way to familiarize on
the world of volleyball. Here is a quick guide to some of the common words used in volleyball
games and practices.
Attack Block: Receiving players’ aggressive attempt to block a spiked ball before it crosses the
net.
Attacker: Also “hitter” or “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the
purpose of terminating play in his or her team’s favor.
Ace: A serve that is not returned and results in a point.
Assist: Passing or setting the ball to a player who attacks the ball for a point.
Block: A defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to the hitter’s
court. It may be a combination of one, two or three players jumping in front of the opposing
spiker and contacting the spiked ball with the hands.
Campfire: A ball that falls on the floor and is surrounded by two or more players. The moment
it hits the floor it looks like the players are encircling the ball and starting a campfire.
Cut Shot: An attack with an angle, almost parallel to the net.
Decoy: An offensive play meant to disguise the spiker who will receive the set.
Dig: Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball.
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Santiago City, Philippines

Dink: A legal pushing of the ball over the blockers.

Double Hit: When a player makes contact with the ball twice in a row. This is considered an
illegal hit.
Double Block: Two players working in unison to deflect an attacked ball at the net back to the
hitter’s side.
Floater: A non-spinning serve it can sometimes have erratic movement during flight.
Foul: A violation of the rules.
Foot-fault: When a player steps over the line while serving, which results in a point for the
opposing team.
Hitter: Also “spiker” or “attacker”
Jump Serve A type of serve that is done by tossing the ball into the air, jumping, and hitting the
ball when it is in its downward motion.
Joust: When the ball is falling directly on top of the net, two opposing players will jump and
attempt to push the ball to the other side.
Kill: A successful hit that results in an immediate point.
Let: When a serve hits the top of the net and rolls onto the other side, resulting in a point.
Line shot: A ball that is spiked right down the opposing sideline
Off-speed hit: A ball spiked with less force and spin.
Power alley: A cross-court spike that reaches the furthest end of the court.
Reception error: When a player is unable to return a serve that should have been returned, and
it results in an ace.
Ready Position: The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes before moving to contact
the ball.
Rotation: The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the serving position
following a side out.
Roll shot: An offensive play like a spike, but a hitter will make contact underneath the ball and
move their arm upwards instead of swinging down. This type of shot is meant to go high enough
to avoid a block and is typically aimed around 10 feet away from the net.
Pancake: A type of dig that occurs when a player extends his or her hand flat on the floor and
lets the ball bounce off the back of his or her hand.
Serve: One of the six basic skills; used to put the ball into play. It is the only skill controlled
exclusively by one player.
Service error: An unsuccessful serve that occurs by the ball landing out of bounds, failing to
clear the net, or a foot fault from the server.
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Santiago City, Philippines

Shank: A wild and unplayable pass.

Shot: An offensive play in which a ball is set and directed into an open area on the court.
Side out: When the serving team loses the rally causing the other team to serve for the next
point. Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away against the serving team,
or when the serving team commits an unforced error, and the receiving team thus gains the right
to serve.
Spike: When the hitter attacks the ball with a swinging motion. This is to get a kill. Also hit or
attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team who intends to terminate the
ball on the opponent’s floor or off the opponent’s blocker.
Strong side: Left side of the court for right-handed hitters.
Setter: The player who has the 2nd of 3 contacts of the ball who “sets” the ball with an
“Overhand Pass” for a teammate to hit. The setter normally runs the offense.
Sett: The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can spike it into the
opponent’s court.
Tip: A soft and off-speed attack is done with the fingertips.
Weak side: Right side of the court.

References:
History
The History of Volleyball. Where Volleyball Started. (n.d.). Retrieved October 3, 2022, from
https://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-volleyball.html
https://www.athleticscholarships.net/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://www.britannica.com/sports/handicap-sports
https://www.sportsrec.com/history-development-volleyball-6552454.html
https://www.pakmen.com/volleyball-organizations/
Terminologies
https://www.ussportscamps.com/tips/volleyball/parents-guide-basic-volleyball-terminology
Basic Skills
https://volleyballexpert.com/types-of-serves-in-volleyball/#:~:text=There%20are%20five
%20primary%20serves,%2C%20topspin%2C%20and%20jump%20serves.
https://www.strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com/volleyball-spike.html
 www.northeasterncollege.edu.ph
Santiago City, Philippines

https://www.stpaul.gov/sites/default/files/Media%20Root/Parks%20%26%20Recreation/Muni
%208_week_training_-_Volleyball.pdf
https://www.sportslingo.com/sports-glossary/d/dig/
https://volley-pedia.com/post/how-to-dive/

Rules
https://cdn1.sportngin.com/attachments/document/fd90
2161865/CSSA_Volleyball_Rules___Regulations.pdf