Notes On Reading Strategies-1
Notes On Reading Strategies-1
Notes On Reading Strategies-1
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What is meant by intensive reading?
Intensive reading involves learners reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks. It
can be compared with extensive reading, which involves learners reading texts for enjoyment
and to develop general reading skills.
What is extensive and intensive reading with example?
Extensive reading involves a reading of novels, journals, newspaper and magazines. As against,
intensive reading is all about textbook reading.1
CHARACTERISTICS OF INTENSIVEREADING:
Reader is intensively involved in looking inside the text.
Focus on linguistic or semantic details of a reading.
Focus on surface structure details such as grammar and discourse markers.
Identify key vocabulary.
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According to Grabe (2009) reading extensively usually requires that a reader know 98-99% of
the words in a text, some level of fluency processing words and sentences, the knowledge about
text structure, applying of particular strategies and skills as inferencing, monitoring, and
evaluation.
Reading aloud:
Reading aloud means just that-reading aloud. ... When we read aloud to students, we engage
them in texts that they might not be able to read. In the process, we expand their imaginations,
provide new knowledge, support language acquisition, build vocabulary, and promote reading as
a worthwhile, enjoyable activity. Read-aloud is an instructional practice where teachers,
parents, and caregivers read texts aloud to children. The reader incorporates variations in
pitch, tone, pace, volume, pauses, eye contact, questions, and comments to produce a fluent and
enjoyable delivery.
Reading aloud helps children acquire early language skills. Reading aloud is widely recognized
as the single most important activity leading to language development. Among other
things, reading aloud builds word-sound awareness in children, a potent predictor
of reading success.
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Sharpened focus.
Improved vocabulary.
Increased comprehension.
Strengthened listening skills.
Intrigued young minds.
Reading Silent:
Silent reading is a reading skill which allows one to read without voicing the words. ... This is
a natural process when reading and helps to reduce cognitive load, and it helps the mind to
access meanings to enable it to comprehend and remember what is read.
When teachers or parents offer sustained silent reading time, children reap the benefits.
Enhances Reading Enjoyment. Readers choose their own materials for sustained silent
reading, so children can pick books of interest. ...
Increases Comprehension. ...
Builds Vocabulary. ...
Improves Writing Skills.
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What is meaning of silent reading?
Silent reading is a reading skill which allows one to read without voicing the words. This
may involve subvocalization or silent speech, is defined as the internal speech made when
reading a word, thus allowing the reader to imagine the sound of the word as it is read.
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Reading Devices / Strategies
Skimming and Scanning are two specific speed-reading techniques, which enable you to cover
a vast amount of material very rapidly. These techniques are similar in process but different in
purpose.
Definition of Skimming:
Skimming is reading a text quickly to get a general idea of meaning.
Or
How to Skim:
Definition of Scanning:
Scanning is reading a text carefully in order to find the specific information.
How to Scan:
Previewing:
Previewing a Reading Passage. The first step in effectively reading any piece of material is
previewing. Previewing simply means looking over your reading material in order to become
familiar with its content before you actually begin reading it. Previewing is a strategy that
readers use to recall prior knowledge and set a purpose for reading. It calls for readers to
skim a text before reading, looking for various features and information that will help as they
return to read it in detail later.
Previewing is a preparation strategy to improve our ability to focus on and remember our
assignments. Benefits of Previewing: Better concentration: Because you understand what you
are reading about you can concentrate more fully.
Previewing and predicting are pre-reading activities that prepare readers to anticipate the
content of the article. They give students a glimpse into the content of the article without
reading the entire article.
Predicting:
Predicting is an essential reading strategy. It allows learners to utilize info from the text to
anticipate what will happen in the story. When making predictions, learners envision what
will come next in the text, based on their prior knowledge. Predicting encourages kids to think
ahead and ask questions actively. Predicting. This strategy involves the ability of readers to get
meaning from a text by making informed predictions. Good readers use predicting as a way
to connect their existing knowledge to new information from a text to get meaning from what
they read.
Predicting is a before reading comprehension strategy in which readers think about what
they are going to read based on clues from the text. Predicting helps readers to organize their
thinking as they encounter new material. A prediction is what someone thinks will happen. A
prediction is a forecast, but not only about the weather. Pre means “before” and diction has to do
with talking. So a prediction is a statement about the future. It's a guess, sometimes based on
facts or evidence, but not always.
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Reading in chunks:
A Chunking activity involves breaking down a difficult text into more manageable pieces
and having students rewrite these “chunks” in their own words. You can use this strategy
with challenging texts of any length. This strategy helps students breakdown difficult text
into. more manageable pieces. Dividing content into smaller parts helps students identify key.
words and ideas, develops students' ability to paraphrase, and makes it easier for. students to
organize and synthesize information.
Reading in Chunks helps students identify key words and ideas, develops their ability to
paraphrase, and makes it easier for them to organize and synthesize information. The
primary goal of chunking is to help in situations where the commitment of information to
working memory is required. Chunking helps in this process by breaking long strings of
information into bit size chunks that are easier to remember, especially when the memory is
faced with competing stimuli.
Paraphrasing:
Paraphrasing means 'to state something written or spoken in different words, especially in a
shorter and simpler form to make the meaning clearer' (Cambridge Online Dictionary,
2022). Paraphrasing is 'a restating of someone else's thoughts or ideas in your own words.
Paraphrasing is a way of using different words and phrasing to present the same ideas.
Paraphrasing is used with short sections of text, such as phrases and sentences. A paraphrase
offers an alternative to using direct quotations and allows you to integrate evidence/source
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material into assignments. The purpose of a paraphrase is to convey the meaning of the original
message and, in doing so, to prove that you understand the passage well enough to restate
it. The paraphrase should give the reader an accurate understanding of the author's position on
the topic.
1. Reformulating the sentence (e.g., change active to passive, or start from a different point)
2. Combining information from multiple sentences into one.
3. Change word order
4. Using synonyms
5. Expansion of ideas
6. Using words categories & classes
Steps to Paraphrasing
Read the original text until you grasp its meaning; then set it aside.
Précis Writing:
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Precis writing is a summary or a gist of a comprehensive passage that is supposed to cover all the
details and important aspects of the passage and convey the summary with the use of minimal
words.
To present a shortened version of a source, while maintaining key words, data, or concepts from
the original. Note: Some kinds of précis, such as rhetorical précis, follow specific conventions
not described here. Be sure to read your assignment carefully for specific requirements.
A precis writing is a formal way of writing a shorter form of the given paragraph. So, even
though you have read and understood the Precis well, do not form your own opinions. You
cannot insert your own remarks and criticism in a precis. Always take the fact and data that is
given in the paragraph only.
A précis is a brief summary of a book, article, speech, or other text. The basic characteristics of
an effective précis are conciseness, clarity, completeness, unity, and coherence.
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Summary Writing:
A summary is a brief summarization of a larger work that gives the reader a comprehensive
understanding. To write a summary, a writer will gather the main ideas of an article, essay,
television show, or film they've read or watched and condense the central ideas into a brief
overview. A summary begins with an introductory sentence that states the text's title,
author and main point of the text as you see it. A summary is written in your own words. A
summary contains only the ideas of the original text. Do not insert any of your own opinions,
interpretations, deductions or comments into a summary.
A summary is a short overview of the main points of a text. The purpose of a summary is to
quickly give the reader or listener an idea of what this material is saying. You may create
summaries of material by other authors, such as articles, plays, films, lectures, stories, or
presentations. A good summary should be comprehensive, concise, coherent, and
independent. These qualities are explained below: A summary must be comprehensive: You
should isolate all the important points in the original passage and note them down in a list.
Plagiarism:
Plagiarism is the representation of another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as
one's own original work. In educational contexts, there are differing definitions of plagiarism
depending on the institution.
Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own, with or without their
consent, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement. All published
and unpublished material, whether in manuscript, printed or electronic form, is covered under
this definition.
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According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "plagiarize" means: to steal and
pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own. to use (another's production) without
crediting the source. to commit literary theft.
Types of plagiarism:
Complete Plagiarism.
1. Source-based Plagiarism.
2. Direct Plagiarism.
3. Self or Auto Plagiarism.
4. Paraphrasing plagiarism.
5. Inaccurate Authorship / Misleading Attribution.
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6. Mosaic Plagiarism.
7. Accidental Plagiarism.
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