Science 9
Science 9
Science 9
_____3. What do you call a facility that produces electricity from energy sources?
A. generator C. power plant
B. national grid D. transformer
_____4. Which of the following is produced by the solar panels in a solar power plant?
A. AC electricity C. steam
B. radioactive material D. DC electricity
______5. Which of the following is the correct sequence in the process of generating electrical
energy in power plants?
A. turbine source generator electrical energy
B. source turbine generator electrical energy
C. turbine source generator electrical energy
D. source generator turbine electrical energy
_____ 7. Which of the following devices raises voltage so that it can travel to long distances?
A. power plant B. pole transformer
C. step-up transformer D. step-down transformer
_____ 8. Which of the following is the correct order of steps for the transmission and distribution
of electricity to the consumers?
1 Distribution Substation
2 Power Plant
3 Transmission Station
4 Consumers
A. 1 2 3 4 B. 4321 C. 2 3 1 4 D. 3 2 1 4
_____ 9. What happens to the voltage that travels from the power plant to households?
A. The voltage is stepped-up before being distributed to consumers.
B. The voltage is lowered during transmission.
C. The voltage is stepped-up for transmission and step-down before being distributed.
D. The voltage is stepped-down for transmission and stepped-up before being
distributed
_____10. Cathy switched on a lamp in her room. Which of the following is the correct path of
electricity from the power plant to Cathy’s home?
A.power plant transmission substations distribution substations residences
B. power plants distribution substations transmission substations residences
C.power plants electric meter national grid residences
D.power plants distribution substations national grid residences
In our homes, there are many appliances that operate with the use of electricity.
These electrically-powered appliances provide us comfort and facilitate the performance of
certain tasks. This is made possible because electrical energy is brought to our homes and
to the different parts of our houses. Television, electric fans and refrigerator are some
examples of the appliances that use electricity in our households.
Apart from the examples above, can you still think of other appliances that use electrical
energy? Write as many as you can.
______________________ _________________________
______________________ _________________________
______________________ _________________________
______________________ _________________________
______________________ _________________________
Can you describe the function of each appliance you listed above? Example:
oven toaster – heating bread
Appliance Function
Question?
Which appliance do you think consumes most electricity?
______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What’s New
How can you describe each of them? Below are phrases or sentences that describe
the words in the word bank. Identify the word that matches with the correct description
below.
____________1. Is a rotary engine that converts energy of moving stream of water, steam or gas
into mechanical energy.
____________2. The raw material used in generating electrical energy.
____________3. A device that converts direct current (DC) electricity, which is what a solar
panel generates, to alternating current (AC) electricity, which the electrical
grid uses.
____________4. A device that converts mechanical energy to electrical.
What is It
Various sources of energy are utilized to produce electricity to power our
households. A power plant or power station is a facility where electricity is generated
from energy sources. The source of energy which turns a turbine determine the type of
power plant. There are various types of power plants. The Philippine Energy Plan 2018-
2040 aims to increase the production of clean and indigenous energy resources for
power generation to make our country self-reliant and less dependent on imported fuel
while at the same time reducing dollar expenditures.
Hydroelectric power was among the first indigenous sources tapped. It is the
least expensive among other types of power plants in terms of operating cost. Late last
year, the Department of Energy reported that it is evaluating several large-scale power
projects that could receive certification as being energy projects of national significance
under Executive Order No. 30 that streamlines the procedures for major projects.
The projects being considered include the Wawa pumped-storage hydro project;
the 500 MW Kibungan Badeo pumped storage hydro scheme; and the 100.8 MW solar
farm by Total Power Inc.
Other projects that filed applications and under evaluation with the Department
of Energy are the 10 MW Pulangi IV hydropower project in Pangasinan; hydro projects
in Pampanga and Batangas; the 70-MW Camarines Sur wind power project; the 1.7
MW Tagpangi river hydro scheme and the 20 MW Sablan 1 hydro power project.
The Philippines has developed large scale solar power farms. They can be found
in Cavite, Pampanga, Ilocos Norte and Cagayan de Oro. The Calatagan Solar Farm is a
63.3 MW solar power plant in Calatagan, Batangas owned by Solar Philippines.
It was reported that the groundbreaking for the solar facility was done as early
as March 2015. Solar Philippines, a local company, developed the project which cost
₱5.7 billion. The facility was built by 2,500 people in a 160 hectares (400 acres) land
near the foot of Mount San Piro. Upon its completion, the solar farm has 200,000
panels.
Have you seen a hydroelectric power plant? What about a solar farm? Can you
describe how they generate electrical energy? Study the figures below:
What’s inside?
Powerhouse
Powerlines
Reservoir Dam Transformer
Generator
Penstock Outflow
Turbine
Intake Control
r Gate
Figure 1.2. Parts of a Hydropower Plant
A dam is a barrier that stops or prevents the flow of water or underground streams. Water
is then regulated to fall or flow into a turbine. As the water falls from the reservoir, gravitational
potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. Its kinetic energy increases and it flows very fast.
The falling stream of water turns a fan-like device called a turbine, which is connected to a large
generator’s shaft as shown in Figure 1.3 below
The rotation of the shaft turns powerful electromagnets that are surrounded by
a coil of copper wires. This device is called a generator which converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A
conductor coil is rotated rapidly between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. The
magnetic field will interfere with the electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of
electric current inside it. Electric current is generated as a result.
Illustrated by:
On-Grid Inverter
Solar Panels
External
Powergrid
Input
ormer
Own
Consumption
System
What’s More
A. Hydropower Plant
Rotation of Production of
blades of electrical
turbines energy
B.Solar Power Plant
Solar Utility
Switch board meter
Panels
In the previous lesson, you learned how electrical energy is generated in power
plant. Before the electricity can be delivered to consumers, can you identify the
different stages of power transmission and distribution?
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you learned how electrical energy is generated in power
plant. Before the electricity can be delivered to consumers, can you identify the
different stages of power transmission and distribution?
Activity 1: GUESS What Step?
Try to guess the correct step in transmitting and distributing electrical energy. Choose
your answer on the word box.
WORD BOX
Distribution Substation Power Plant T ransmission Substation
Co nsumer Transmission Station Distribution Pole
Did you get the right answer? The electrical energy is generated at the power
station. Electricity is then passed through the transmission station which uses a large
transformer. Then electricity will then move to the distribution substation which uses a
smaller transformer mounted on a distribution pole and finally it will be distributed to
the consumers. A service drop wire provides a path for the power from the distribution
pole to your house.
What’s New
Electrical energy is produced from various sources in power plants. Providing
electrical energy to the households consists of three processes: generation,
transmission and distribution. Lesson 1 discussed how electricity is generated in
power plants. Before studying the different stages on how electricity is transmitted and
distributed to your home, first you need to do Activity 2 - Connect Me. Draw a line to
connect the equipment (Column A) used in electricity transmission and distribution to
its corresponding functions (Column B).
Do Activity 4. Arrange Me. Pictures shown are the different stages of electricity when
transmitted and distributed, rank the pictures from 1-6, 1 is the initial step and 6 as
the final step.
Electrical power transmission involves massive movement of electrical energy from power
plants to an electrical substation where voltage is transformed and distributed to
consumer.
A service drop wire provides path for the power from the
distribution pole to the house.
G
A B C D E F H I J K L M
19 18 16 8 23 11 22 1 15 25 4 2 6
T
N O P Q R S U V W X Y Z
21 9 13 26 3 14 10 24 17 5 20 12 7
A)___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
13 9 5 23 3 13 2 19 21 10
B) ___ ___ ___ ___ - ___ ___ C)___ ___ ___ ___ - ___ ___ ___ ___
14 10 23 13 24 13 14 10 23 13 8 9 5 21
D)___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
. 10 3 1 9 21 14 6 15 14 14 15 9 21 2 15 21 23 14
E)___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ F) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
16 9 21 14 24 6 3 14 14 24 18 14 1 0 19 10 15 9 21
G) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
8 15 14 10 3 15 18 24 10 15 9 21 2 15 21 23 14
Activity 6.
Identify the following statement as FACT or BLUFF. If the statement is true, write FACT
and if the statement is false write BLUFF on the space before the number.
_____ 6. Pole step-up transformers further reduce the voltage before it enters your
home.
_____ 7. Electric meter measures the amount of electrical energy used.
_____ 8. In the house, the control panel distributes power through wires on the wall.
_____ 9. A big transformer is mounted on a distribution pole.
_____ 10. Distribution substation uses big transformer to step up voltage.
Activity 7. Crossword Puzzle. In the previous lesson, you learned how electrical
energy is generated in a power plant. Before the electricity can be delivered to
consumers, can you identify the different stages of power transmission and
distribution? Do the activity Crossword Puzzle. Direction: Complete the crossword
puzzle by filling in the correct word that describe the given clue.
Across: Down:
WORD BANK
Activity 8. Fill in the blank. Study the paragraph below which contains missing terms.
Use the words in the WORD BOX to fill in the blanks. Write your answer on your
notebooks.
WORD BOX
After electrical power is (1) _______, it is transmitted over long distances using (2)
_________ lines. Transmission lines are connected between transmission
(3) _____ located at electric generating stations. This (4) ____ is then carried through
lines to the distribution system located in the local service (5) ______. The generation of
electric power are from different sources. The generation of electric power are from
different sources. These are; (6) _____, (7) _____, (8) ______, (9) __________ and are
transmitted and distributed to different (10) _______
Assessment
I. Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Choose the BEST answer. Write the
letter of your answers on the space provided before each number.
_____3. What do you call a facility of producing electricity from energy sources?
C. generator C. power plant
D. national grid D. transformer
_____4. Which of the following is produced by the solar panels in a solar power
plant?
A. AC electricity C. steam
B. radioactive material D. DC electricity
______5. Which of the following is the correct sequence in the process of generating
electrical energy in power plants?
A. turbine source generator electrical
energy
B. source turbine generator electrical energy
C. turbine source generator electrical energy
D. source generator turbine electrical energy
_____ 8. Give the correct order of transmission and distribution of electrical energy
to consumers.
_____ 9. What happens to the voltage that travels from the source to household?
A. The voltage is stepped-up before being distributed to consumers.
B. The voltage is lowered during transmission.
C. The voltage is stepped-up for transmission and step-down before being
distributed.
D. The voltage is stepped-down for transmission and stepped-up before
being distributed.
_____10. Cathy turned on a lamp switch on her room. Which of the following is the
correct path of electrical power that can be traced back to the source?