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    DNA Replication

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    Nishita Gupta
    DNA replication occurs through a semi-conservative process where the parental double-stranded DNA unwinds and each strand acts as a template for new complementary strands to be synthesized. This involves DNA polymerases that add nucleotides to the 3' end of the primer in the 5' to 3' direction. The key steps are initiation at the origin of replication followed by elongation of the replication forks bidirectionally until termination is reached.

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    DNA Replication

    Uploaded by

    Nishita Gupta
    29 views67 pages
    DNA replication occurs through a semi-conservative process where the parental double-stranded DNA unwinds and each strand acts as a template for new complementary strands to be synthesized. This involves DNA polymerases that add nucleotides to the 3' end of the primer in the 5' to 3' direction. The key steps are initiation at the origin of replication followed by elongation of the replication forks bidirectionally until termination is reached.

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    DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes explained via a PowerPoint presentation

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    DNA replication occurs through a semi-conservative process where the parental double-stranded DNA unwinds and each strand acts as a template for new complementary strands to be synthesized. This involves DNA polymerases that add nucleotides to the 3' end of the primer in the 5' to 3' direction. The key steps are initiation at the origin of replication followed by elongation of the replication forks bidirectionally until termination is reached.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views67 pages

    DNA Replication

    Uploaded by

    Nishita Gupta
    DNA replication occurs through a semi-conservative process where the parental double-stranded DNA unwinds and each strand acts as a template for new complementary strands to be synthesized. This involves DNA polymerases that add nucleotides to the 3' end of the primer in the 5' to 3' direction. The key steps are initiation at the origin of replication followed by elongation of the replication forks bidirectionally until termination is reached.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 67

    DNA Replication

    Modes of DNA Replication

    Conservative Semi conservative Dispersive


    Meselson & Stahl Experiment
    General Properties
    • DNA synthesis requires primer template junction. (all 4 dNTPs, alpha, beta
    and gamma phosphate, template & primer).

    • DNA is synthesized by extending 3’OH of the primer. (SN2 reaction). OH at


    3’end attacks alpha phosphate releasing PPi.

    • Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate provides energy for this reaction.


    DNA Replication
    DNA Polymerases

    • Key enzyme

    • 3 different properties polymerase and exonuclease.

    • Various enzymes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.


    Enzymes and Proteins
    Key features of DNA replication

    Kinetic selectivity
    Steric constraints of rNTP incorporation
    1. Palm – Mg and Zn
    Palm model of DNA Pol
    divalent ions (to reduce
    affinity of O for its H atom
    and to stabilize the negative
    charge of beta and gamma
    phosphates). Also ensures
    correct base pairing.

    2. Fingers – after correct bp


    is formed, they enclose the
    dNTP in chain for
    phosphodiester bond
    formation.

    3. Thumb – interacts with


    recently synthesized DNA
    for correct positioning of
    primer and active site and
    strong association between
    Pol and substrate.
    Origin of replication
    Factors involved in initiation
    Steps involved in initiation
    Origin of replication
    Steps involved in initiation
    Energy requirement
    Elongation
    DNA Polymerase

    Polymerase switching
    DNA Pol III
    DNA Pol III subunits
    Elongation
    Elongation

    Replisome complex
    Leading and lagging strand synthesis
    Leading and lagging strand synthesis
    Chain extension and proofreading activity
    Trombone model
    Termination
    Summary
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIk6IxLC3dY
    Complexity in eukaryotes

    • Complex genomes
    • Larger DNA
    • Organized into complex nucleoprotein structure

    Replication Rate
    Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
    Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
    Proteins involved

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