BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

CONTENTS

1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE 2

1.1 LIQUID HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE INTRODUCTION 2
1.1.1 Specific Gravity 7
1.1.2 API Gravity 8
1.1.3 Example Application of Hydrostatic Equations to Liquid Wells 9
1.2 GAS HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE INTRODUCTION 12
1.2.1 Hydrostatic Pressure Due To A Gas Column 12
1.3 GAS/LIQUID HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE INTRODUCTION 15
1.3.1 Example Hydrostatic Pressure Due To Combined Gas and Liquid Columns 15
1.4 WELL VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS 19

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

1.1 LIQUID HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE INTRODUCTION
The basic principles of pressure control may be found in the science of hydrostatics, which
deals with the forces generated by fluid columns under static conditions. These forces are
produced by the effects of gravity. If well engineers can determine the magnitude of these
forces, then they can predict the effects of such forces on the various components installed in
a well at various depths.
The weight of a fluid is referred to as its density. A column of fluid exerts a pressure on the
walls and on the bottom of a well bore. If this fluid is stationary and not being circulated
around, it will exert a pressure that is commonly referred to a hydrostatic pressure.
The hydrostatic pressure of a fluid is a direct function of depth and density.
The units of density will be expressed as:
US pounds per gallon (ppg)
or
Pounds per Cubic feet (lbf/ft3)
or
Specific gravity (SG)
or
API gravity (American Petroleum Institute) degrees API

The unit of pressure will be in Pounds Per Square Inch (psi).

The unit of depth will be in Feet (ft)

NOTE: When calculating hydrostatic pressure the true vertical depth (TVD) is
used. Measured depth (MD) is used only to calculate capacities and
volumes. Figure 1 shows that measured depths will be greater than true
vertical depths if the hole is deviated.

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Figure 1 - TVD v MD

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Figure 2 - 1ft Cubed Container

A cubic foot contains 7.48 US gallons.

Therefore, a fluid weighing 1 ppg would weigh 7.48 lbs.
The pressure exerted on the base (area) is:
7.48 lbs
= 7.48 lbs/ft2
1 ft 2
1 ft2 = 12 ins × 12 ins area = 144 ins2, therefore the pressure per ins2 is:
7.48 lbs
= 0.052 psi
144 ins 2
This relationship between a fluid weight in ppg and gradient pressure in psi/ft is
always the same therefore, 0.052 is a constant.

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Examples:
Fresh water has a density of 8.33 ppg
To convert the density of fresh water 8.33 ppg into a pressure gradient:
8.33 ppg × 0.052 = 0.433 psi/ft.
So the gradient of fresh water is 0.433 psi/ft.
To convert a fluid density of 10 ppg into a pressure gradient:
10 ppg × 0.052 = 0.52 psi/ft.
So the gradient of a fluid density of 10 ppg is 0.52 psi/ft.

NOTE: The reference fluid for all liquid pressure calculations is fresh water.

It there for follows that to convert a gradient of fresh water back to a density in ppg the
calculation below should be used.
To convert the gradient of fresh water into a density:
0.433 psi / ft
= 8.33 ppg
0.052

NOTE: The constant 0.052 is probably the most useful constant used in pressure
calculations.

In the container shown in Figure 2 the weight of the water may be expressed as a pound force
(lbf). The water in this container weighs 62.4 lbf. This force, however, is distributed over a
square area of 144 square inches. The force per square inch is given by the formula below:
Where
F = lbf
A = Area
F 62.4 lbf
 2
 0.433 lbf / ins 2 or psi
A 144 ins
Now consider another container with the same volume but with a base of 6 inches by 24
inches and a height of 12, again filled with fresh water. The force per square inch is given by:
F 62.4 lbf
  0.433 lbf / ins 2 or psi
A 144 ins 2
In fact, provided we keep the height of each container the same then the force per square inch
on the base remains 0.433 psi regardless of the dimensions of the sides of the base.

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Now consider another container of the same volume but with a base of 12 inches by 48 inches
and a height of 3 inches, again filled with fresh water. The weight of water in such a container
is still 62.4 lbf. The force per square inch is given by:
F 62.4 lbf
 2
 0.108 lbf / ins 2 or psi
A 576 ins
Clearly, the force per square inch is less because the containers height is less than that of the
previous containers.
Since the (imperial) unit of depth in the oilfield is the foot, we will re-consider the container of
1 foot cubed to generate important quantities relating to fluids at rest.
For fresh water of density 62.4 lbf/ft3:
 The hydrostatic pressure exerted at on the base of a container 1 foot in height is
0.433 psi
 The hydrostatic pressure exerted at on the base of a container 2 feet in height is
0.866 psi
 The hydrostatic pressure exerted at on the base a container 3 feet in height is
1.299 psi.
Thus, for every 1ft increase in TVD the pressure increases by 0.433 psi. This increase in
pressure per unit increase in depth is called the pressure gradient, and as shown for fresh
water is 0.433 psi/ft.
The hydrostatic pressure for a well will be its gradient multiplied by the TVD, i.e. Thus for a
10,000 ft well filled with fresh water the hydrostatic pressure would be:
Hydrostatic pressure  Gradient  Depth
 0.433 10,000
 4,330 psi
For a liquid of density 77 lbf/ft3:
 The hydrostatic pressure exerted at on the base of a container 1 foot in height is
0.535 psi (77/144)
 The hydrostatic pressure exerted on the base of a container 2 feet in height is
1.069 psi
 The hydrostatic pressure exerted on the base a container 3 feet in height is 1.604
psi.
Thus, for every 1 ft increase in depth the pressure increases by 0.534 psi. This increase in
pressure per unit increase in depth is called the pressure gradient, and is 0.534 psi/ft for
this liquid of density 77 lbf/ft3.
The hydrostatic pressure for a well will be its gradient multiplied by the TVD, i.e. Thus for a
10,000 ft well filled with a liquid of density 77 lbf/ft3 the hydrostatic pressure would be:
P  Fluid gradient  TVD
 0.534  10,000
 5,340 psi

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

1.1.1 Specific Gravity

Fresh water may be used as a universal standard since it may be obtained relatively easily in
any part of the world. In the oilfield it is common practice to used the density of fresh water
as the standard and compare all other liquids densities to this standard, (as shown for ppg and
lbf3) The specific gravity of a liquid is defined as the ratio of the density of the liquid to the
density of fresh water and is therefore a unit-less quantity. The SG of fresh water is 1.
Density of Liquid
SG of Liquid 
Density of Fresh Water
Example
The SG of a liquid with a density of 77 lbf/ft3 is
Density of Liquid 77 lbf / ft 3
SG of Liquid    1.234
Density of Fresh Water 62.4 lbf / ft 3
The quantity SG = 1.234 means that the liquid in question is 1.234 times more dense (and
thus heavier) than fresh water. Similarly a liquid with an SG = 0.76 is less dense (and less
heavy) than fresh water.
If the SG of a liquid is quoted rather than its density then the increase in hydrostatic pressure
per unit increase in depth (i.e. its gradient) must be its SG multiplied by the gradient of fresh
water. That is:
Gradient of Liquid  Liquid Specific Gravity  Gradient of Fresh Water
 Liquid Specific Gravity  0.433
Example
The density of an oil field brine is 68.4 lbf/ft3. Calculate the specific gravity, pressure gradient,
and the hydrostatic pressure due to an 11,375 ft true vertical column of this brine.
1. Specific gravity
Fluid lbf / ft 3 68.4
3
  1.096 SG
Fresh Water lbf / ft 62.4
2. Pressure gradient
SG  Gradient of Fresh Water
 1.096  0.433  0.475 psi / ft
3. Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure Gradient  TVD
 0.475  11,375  5,403 psi

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

1.1.2 API Gravity

The American Petroleum Institute (API) system for expressing fluid density was introduced to
standardise the weight of oilfield fluids at a base temperature of 60°F. Fresh water is again
used as the standard reference fluid, and has an API gravity of 10°.
For wells that produce oil or condensate the API gravity of such liquids may be given rather
than the density (ppg or lbs/ft3), pressure gradient (psi/ft), or the specific gravity (SG). The
API gravity of an oil or condensate can be related to its specific gravity by the empirical
equation:
141.5
SG 
131.5  API
or, to find an API,
141.5
API   131.5
SG
The API gravity of an oil or condensate is measured using a hydrometer in conjunction with a
thermometer to convert the observed API at the observed temperature to the corrected API
at 60° f.

NOTE: API gravity is a term commonly used by production personnel.

H2O Black/Green Oils Diesel Condensate

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

High viscosity Low viscosity

Table 1 - API Gravity Scale

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

1.1.3 Example Application of Hydrostatic Equations to Liquid Wells

Consider the well shown in Figure 3. The following data is pertinent:
 Full column of fluid to surface
 Surface pressure 0 psi
 Oil from surface to 5,500 ft, API Gravity 38
 Fresh water from 5,500 ft to 6,750 ft, 8.33 ppg
 Formation water from 6,750 ft to 9,200 ft, 9.6 ppg
 Top of perforations at 9,200 ft.
Calculate the reservoir pressure.
The process is as follows:
Step 1 Draw a diagram
Step 2 Calculate hydrostatic pressure due to oil column
Step 3 Calculate hydrostatic pressure due to fresh water column
Step 4 Calculate hydrostatic pressure due to formation water column
Step 5 Calculate total hydrostatic pressure at the perforations.
The calculations are as follows:
Step 1 Refer to Figure 3.
Step 2 Calculate hydrostatic pressure due to oil column

141.5 141.5
SG    0.835
131.5  API 131.5  38.0
Hydrostatic pressure  SG  0.433 TVD
 0.835 0.433 5,500  1,989 psi
Step 3 Calculate hydrostatic pressure due to fresh water column

Hydrostatic pressure  Fresh water (ppg)  0.052  TVD

 8.33  0.052  1,250  541 psi

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Figure 3 - Well Schematic For Calculation

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Step 4 Calculate hydrostatic pressure due to formation water column

P  Formation water ( ppg )  0.052  TVD

 9.60  0.052  2,450  1,223 psi
Step 5 Calculate the total hydrostatic pressure at the top of the perforations by
adding the hydrostatic pressures of the three columns together

1,989  541  1,223  3,753 psi

Addition Of Surface Pressure To Above Example

The previous calculation was performed for a shut in tubing head pressure (SITHP) also
known as closed in tubing head pressure (CITHP) of 0 psi. If a SITHP were present, it would
be directly added to the total hydrostatic pressure of the individual columns in the well. Thus
if the SITHP was 2,000 psi, then the hydrostatic pressure at the top of the perforations would
be:
 1,989  541  1,223  2,000  5,753 psi

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

1.2 GAS HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE INTRODUCTION

1.2.1 Hydrostatic Pressure Due To A Gas Column
There are 3 ways to calculate the pressure exerted at the base of a gas column.
Method 1 By using the gas correction factor table
Method 2 By calculation using a formula
Method 3 If the gas gradient is known, by multiplying by the TVD
The specific gravity (SG) of a gas (also referred to as the gas gravity, or relative density) is
measured when the gas is under standard reference conditions that are taken to be 60°F at one
atmosphere pressure. The device used for this measurement in the field is the gas
gravitometer, more commonly known as a Ranarex. Up till now we have been using fresh
water as our reference point. For gas calculations, the reference substance is air, which is given
as 1.0. Hydrocarbon gasses are normally lighter than air, typically 0.6 to 0.9 relative to air. The
formula shown in example 2 is useful when the gas being investigated is outside of the table
range.

Method 1
If the SITHP, gas SG and TVD are known, the gas correction factor table can be used.
Example:
A gas well has a TVD of 5,000 ft, a shut-in surface pressure of 2,000 psi and has a SG of 0.6.
Calculate the pressure at the base of the column (BHP):
1. Find the depth in the left hand column of the correction factor table (Refer to Table 2)
2. Find the gas gravity column corresponding to 0.6 SG along the top of the table
3. Where the two converge this is the correction factor required.
Gas correction factor from the table = 1.1098 × SITHP (2,000psi) = 2,220 psi

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Depth Gas Specific Gravity (SG)

(ft) 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90
1,000 1.0210 1.0228 1.0246 1.0264 1.0282 1.0299 1.0317
1,500 1.0371 1.0344 1.0371 1.0398 1.0425 1.0453 1.0480
2,000 1.0425 1.0462 1.0498 1.0535 1.0571 1.0608 1.0645
2,500 1.0535 1.0580 1.0626 1.0673 1.0719 1.0766 1.0812
3,000 1.0645 1.0700 1.0750 1.0812 1.0869 1.0926 1.0993
3,500 1.0756 1.0822 1.0888 1.0954 1.1021 1.1088 1.1156
4,000 1.0869 1.0945 1.1021 1.1098 1.1175 1.1253 1.1331
4,500 1.0983 1.1069 1.1156 1.1243 1.1331 1.1420 1.1510
5,000 1.1098 1.1194 1.1292 1.1390 1.1490 1.1590 1.1691
5,500 1.1214 1.1312 1.1430 1.1540 1.650 1.1762 1.1875
6,000 1.1331 1.450 1.1570 1.691 1.813 1.1937 1.2062
6,500 1.1450 1.1580 1.1711 1.1844 1.979 1.2114 1.2252
7,000 1.1570 1.1711 1.1854 1.1999 1.2146 1.2295 1.2554
7,500 1.1691 1.1844 1.1999 1.2157 1.2316 1.2477 1.2641
8,000 1.1813 1.979 1.2146 1.2316 1.2488 1.2663 1.2840
8,500 1.1937 1.2114 1.2295 1.2477 1.2663 1.2851 1.3042
9,000 1.2062 1.2252 1.2445 1.2641 1.2840 1.3042 1.3247
9,500 1.2188 1.2391 1.2597 1.2806 1.3019 1.3236 1.3456
10,000 1.2316 1.2532 1.2751 1.2974 1.3201 1.3433 1.3668
10,500 1.2445 1.2674 1.2907 1.3144 1.3386 1.3632 1.3883
11,000 1.2575 1.2818 1.3065 1.3317 1.3573 1.3835 1.4102
11,500 1.2707 1.2963 0.3224 1.3491 1.3763 1.4041 1.4324
12,000 1.2840 1.3110 0.3386 1.3688 1.3956 1.4249 1.4549
12,500 1.2974 1.3259 1.3550 1.3847 1.4151 1.4461 1.4778
13,000 1.3110 1.3409 1.3715 1.4028 1.4349 1.4676 1.5011
13,500 1.3247 1.3561 1.3883 1.4212 1.4549 1.4894 1.5247
14,000 1.3386 1.3715 1.4053 1.4398 1.4753 1.5116 1.5487
14,500 1.3526 1.3871 1.4225 1.4587 1.4959 1.5340 1.5731
15,000 1.3668 1.4028 1.4398 1.4778 1.5168 1.5568 1.5979
15,5,00 1.3811 1.4188 1.4575 1.4972 1.5380 1.5800 1.6231
16,000 1.3956 1.4349 1.4753 1.5168 1.5595 1.6035 1.6486
16,500 1.4102 1.4511 1.4933 1.5367 1.5813 1.6273 1.6746
17,000 1.4249 1.4676 1.5116 1.5568 1.6035 1.6515 1.7009
17,500 1.4398 1.4843 1.5300 1.5772 1.6259 1.6760 1.7277
18,000 1.4549 1.5011 1.5487 1.5979 1.6486 1.7009 1.7549
Table 2 - Gas Correction Factors

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Method 2
If the correction factor table is not available the following equations can be used. The first
equation is an accurate alternative to the correction factor table. The second is a drilling
estimation which has a built in over balance of approximately 30 psi in this case:
1.
Surface Pr essure 1
Ratio  0.000034  SG  D
BHP 2.718
 0.000034 0.6  5,000  0.102
 2.7180.102  1.107
1
Which Gives   0.903
1.107
2000
  2, 214psi
0.903
2.
 2,000  5,000 
BHP  Surface Pr essure  2.5  
 100  1,000 
 2,000  2.5  20  5
 2,250

NOTE: These equations are useful where the gas in question has an SG out-with
the scale of the correction factor table

Method 3

If the SITHP, gas gradient and TVD are known, we can simply multiply the gas gradient by
the TVD and add the SITHP to find the pressure at the base of the column
Using the well example above, the difference between the pressure at the base of the column,
and the SITHP is:
2,220 psi – 2,000 psi = 220 psi. The pressure difference between the two values, must be the
pressure exerted by the gas itself. We can therefore calculate the gas gradient in psi/ft.
Gas gradient = 220 psi divided by the length of the column (5,000 ft) = 0.044 psi/ft.
Once the gradient is known, we simply multiply by the depth, and add the SITHP to find the
total pressure exerted at the base of the column. For the above example:
0.044 (gas gradient) × 5,000 ft + 2,000 psi = 2,220 psi

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

1.3 GAS/LIQUID HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE INTRODUCTION

1.3.1 Example Hydrostatic Pressure Due To Combined Gas and Liquid Columns
A well is to be killed and has been shut in. Bottom hole pressure gauges were run to identify
fluid interfaces, fluid gradients and bottom hole pressure. The following data is pertinent:
 CITHP 2,480 psi
 Gas from surface to 3,560 ft, SG = 0.75
 Oil from 3,560 to 7,840 ft, 32.6API
 Formation water from 7,840 ft to top of perforations at 10,280 ft, 9.6 ppg
 CIAHP 0 psi
 Annulus full of 9.85 ppg brine
 Side pocket mandrel c/w dummy valve at 10,230 ft
 Packer at 10,300 ft
 Formation fracture pressure 7,000 psi
The status of this well is illustrated in Figure 4.
Calculate:
1. The reservoir (or formation) pressure
2. The differential pressure between tubing and annulus at the depth of the SPM.
3. The formation gradient
Reservoir pressure / TVD
4. The kill fluid gradient with an over balance of 200 psi
Reservoir pressure + 200 psi / TVD
5. The formation fracture gradient
Reservoir fracture pressure /TVD
6. Suggest how you would equalise pressures prior to pulling the dummy valve.

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Figure 4 - Well Schematic for Calculation

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Solution for 1
1. Calculate the pressure exerted at the bottom of the gas column:
 2,480  1.0954  2,717 psi
2. Calculate hydrostatic pressure due to the oil column:
141.5 141.5
SG    0.862
131.5  API 131.5  32.6
Oil gradient = 0.862 × 0.433 = 0.373 psi/ft
P  Gradient  TVD
 0.373  4280  1,597 psi
3. Calculate the hydrostatic pressure due to the formation water column to the top of the
perforations:
P  9.6  0.052  TVD
 9.6  0.052  2,440  1,218 psi
4. Total pressure exerted at the top of the perforations (reservoir pressure):
BHP  2,717 gas  1,597 oil  1,218 water  5,532 psi
Solution for 2
Calculate hydrostatic pressure in tubing at SPM:
The hydrostatic pressures for the gas and oil columns have already been calculated.
1. The formation water hydrostatic pressure inside the tubing, down to the ports on the
SPM is:
 9.6  0.052  2,390  1,193 psi
 2,717  1,597  1,193  5,508 psi
2. Calculate the hydrostatic pressure to SPM ports in the annulus:
9.85  0.052  10230  5,240psi
3. Calculate differential pressure from tubing to annulus.
5,508  5,240  268 psi

Solution for 3
Calculate the formation gradient
5,532 psi /10,280 ft TVD = 0.54 psi/ft (or 10.38 ppg)

Solution for 4
Calculate the kill fluid gradient
5,532 psi + 200 psi = 5,732 psi / 10,280 ft TVD = 0.56 psi/ft (or 10.77 ppg)

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Solution for 5
Calculate the formation fracture gradient
7,000 psi / 10,280 ft TVD = 0.68 psi/ft (or 13.08 ppg)
Solution for 6
Equalisation of pressures may be achieved by applying approx. 268 psi to the annulus.

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

1.4 WELL VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS

To calculate well volumes, the inside and outside diameters of the tubular goods in the well
must be known. Consider the well of Figure 5 the following data is pertinent:
 Casing ID 6.154 ins
 Tubing OD 2.875 ins
 Tubing ID 2.441 ins
 Tubing Weight 6.4 lbf/ft
 Depth of SSD 8,210 ft
 Depth of packer 8,260 ft
 Depth of perforations 8,310 ft
Calculate:
1. The volume of the annulus.
2. The tubing volume above the SSD.
3. Total well volume to the circulating device with the tubing in the well.
4. The time to circulate kill fluid in the well at 0.75 bbl/minute.

NOTE: To calculate circulating volumes and times the circulating device is the
datum.

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Figure 5 - Schematic For Volumetric Calculations

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Solution For 1
We can calculate the annulus volume in two ways, either by equation or table
Method - By Calculation:(XSA cross sectional area)

XSA of annulus 

 ID ca sing 
2



 OD tubing  2

4 4


4
  
ID ca sing 2  OD tubing 
2


3.141
4

6.154 2  2.8752 
 23.25 ins 2
Annulus volume  Annulus area  SSD depth ( MD )
23.25
  8,210
144
 1,325.57 ft 3
1,325.57
Annulus volume   236 bbl
5.615

Note: 5.615 is a constant to convert cubic feet to barrels.

Method - By Table
Table 3 shows data on outside tubing diameter, inside casing diameters and annular volumes.
Locate for 7 inch casing that with an inside diameter of 6.154 inches. The annular volume in
barrels per linear foot is 0.0288 bbl/linear ft.
Annulus Volume  0.0288  8,210  236 bbls

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Solution For 2
Method - By Calculation:
The area corresponding to the inside of the tubing is given by:

XSA 

 ID tubing 
2


3.141 2.4412
4 4
4.68
  8, 210
144
 266.8 ft 3
266.8
Tubing volume   47.5 bbl
5.615
Method - By Tables:
Table 4 shows data outside tubing diameters and tubing capacities. Locate the tubing capacity
in barrels per linear foot for 2,875 inch tubing with a weight per foot of 6.4 lbf/ft. This is
0.0058 bbl/linear foot.
Tubing Volume to SSD  0.0058  8,210
 47.6 bbl
Solution For 3
Method - By Tables
Total volume  Annulus cap lin / ft  Tubing Cap lin / ft   depth to SSD
 0.0288  0.0058  8,210
 284 bbl
Solution For 4
Calculate the pumping time
Pump Rate = 0.75 bbl/min
284
Pump time   379 minutes or 6.3 hours
0.75

REMEMBER: Always use measured depths for volume calculations.

REMEMBER: Always use true vertical depths for hydrostatic calculations.

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

INSIDE TUBING ENGLISH UNITS

OD 2.875”
ONE STRING VOLUME & HEIGHT
Outside Casing
Size OD Wight with Inside Diameter Drift Diameter Barrels for Lin ft
(ins) Coupling (lbs/ft) (ins) (ins) Lin ft per Barrel
4.500 9.50 4.090 3.965 0.0062 121.64
10.50 4.052 3.927 0.0079 126.26
11.60 4.0000 3.875 0.0075 133.10
13.50 3.920 3.795 0.0069 144.97
15.10 3.826 3.701 0.0062 161.54
16.60 3.754 3.629 0.0057 176.67
18.80 3.640 3.515 0.0048 206.54
4.750 16.00 4.082 3.957 0.0082 122.59
5.000 11.50 4.560 4.435 0.0122 82.17
13.00 4.494 4.369 0.0116 86.28
15.00 4.408 4.283 0.0108 92.20
18.00 4.276 4.151 0.0097 102.75
20.30 40184 4.059 0.0090 111.41
20.80 4.156 4.031 0.0087 114.29
23.20 4.044 3.919 0.0079 127.27
24.20 4.000 3.875 0.0075 133.10
5.500 13.00 5.044 4.919 0.0167 59.93
14.00 5.012 4.887 0.0164 61.08
15.00 4.974 4.849 0.0160 62.48
15.50 4.950 4.825 0.0158 63.40
17.00 4.892 4.767 0.0152 65.71
20.00 4.778 4.653 0.0141 70.68
23.00 4.670 4.545 0.0132 76.01
26.00 4.548 4.423 0.0121 82.89
5.750 14.00 5.290 5.165 0.0192 52.21
17.00 5.190 5.065 0.0181 55.14
19.50 5.090 4.965 0.0171 58.35
22.50 4.990 4.865 0.0162 61.88
6.000 15.00 5.524 5.399 0.216 46.27
16.00 5.500 5.375 0.0214 46.82
17.00 5.450 5.325 0.0208 48.02
18.00 5.424 5.299 0.0205 48.66
20.00 5.352 5.227 0.0198 50.52
23.00 5.240 5.115 0.186 53.64
26.00 5.140 5.015 0.0176 56.70
6.625 17.00 6.135 6.010 0.285 35.05
20.00 6.049 5.924 0.0275 36.34
22.00 5.989 5.864 0.0268 37.29
24.00 5.921 5.796 0.0260 38.42
26.00 5.855 5.730 0.0253 39.57
28.00 5.791 5.666 0.0245 40.74
29.00 5.761 5.636 0.0242 41.30
32.00 5.675 5.550 0.0233 43.00
7.000 17.00 6.538 6.413 0.0335 29.86
20.00 6.456 6.331 0.0325 30.81
22.00 6.398 6.273 0.0317 31.51
23.00 6.366 6.241 0.0313 31.91
24.00 6.336 6.211 0.0310 32.29
26.00 6.276 6.151 0.0302 33.08
28.00 6.214 6.089 0.0295 33.92
29.00 6.184 6.059 0.0291 34.34
30.00 6.154 6.029 0.0288 34.77
32.00 6.094 5.969 0.0280 35.66
33.70 6.048 5.923 0.0275 36.36
35.00 6.004 5.879 0.0270 37.05
38.00 5.920 5.795 0.0260 38.44
40.00 5.836 5.711 0.0251 39.91
Table 3 - Annular Volumes

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 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

Weight With Coupling

Inside Drift Barrels
Size OD lbs/ft lin ft per
diameter diameter per
(ins) Non Integral Barrel
Upset (ins) (ins) lin ft
upset joint
1.050 1.14 1.20 1.20 0.824 0.730 0.0007 1516.13
1.315 1.30 1.125 0.955 0.0012 813.36
1.43 1.097 0.955 0.0012 855.42
1.63 1.065 0.955 0.0011 907.59
1.70 1.80 1.70 1.049 0.955 0.0011 935.49
2.25 0.957 0.848 0.0009 1124.00
1.660 2.10 1.140 1.286 0.0019 517.79
2.30 2.40 2.33 1.380 1.286 0.0018 540.55
3.02 1.278 1.184 0.0016 630.27
1.900 2.40 1.650 1.516 0.0026 378.11
2.75 2.90 2.75 1.610 1.516 0.0025 397.14
3.64 1.500 1.406 0.0022 457.52
2.000 3.30 1.670 1.576 0.0027 369.11
2.063 2.66 1.813 1.656 0.0032 313.18
3.20 3.25 1.751 1.656 0.0030 335.75
2.375 3.10 2.125 1.901 0.0044 227.97
3.32 2.107 1.901 0.0043 231.88
4.00 2.041 1.947 0.0040 247.12
4.60 4.70 4.70 1.995 1.901 0.0039 258.65
5.30 5.30 1.939 1.845 0.0037 273.80
5.80 5.95 5.95 1.867 1.773 0.0034 295.53
6.20 1.853 1.759 0.0033 299.81
7.70 1.703 1.609 0.0028 354.94
2.875 4.36 2.579 2.485 0.0065 154.77
4.64 2.563 2.347 0.0064 156.71
6.40 6.50 6.50 2.441 2.347 0.0058 172.76
7.90 7.90 2.323 2.229 0.0052 190.76
8.60 8.70 8.70 2.259 2.165 0.0050 201.72
8.90 2.243 2.149 0.0049 204.61
9.50 9.50 2.195 2.101 0.0047 213.66
10.40 2.151 2.057 0.0045 222.49
10.70 2.091 1.997 0.0042 235.44
11.00 11.00 2.065 1.971 0.0041 241.41
11.65 1.995 1.901 0.0039 258.65
3.500 5.63 3.188 3.3063 0.0099 101.29
7.70 7.70 3.068 2.943 0.0091 109.37
9.20 9.30 9.30 2.992 2.867 0.0087 114.99
10.20 10.30 10.30 2.922 2.797 0.0083 120.57
12.80 2.764 2.639 0.0074 134.75
12.70 12.95 12.95 2.750 2.625 0.0073 136.12
13.30 2.764 2.639 0.0074 134.75
15.80 15.80 2.548 2.423 0.0063 158.56
16.70 16.70 2.480 2.355 0.0060 167.37
17.05 2.440 2.315 0.0058 172.91
4.000 9.50 9.40 3.548 3.423 0.0122 81.78
11.00 11.00 3.476 3.351 0.0117 85.20
11.60 3.428 3.303 0.0114 87.60
13.40 13.40 3.340 3.215 0.0108 92.28
22.80 2.780 2.655 0.0075 133.20
4.500 12.60 12.75 12.75 3.958 3.833 0.0152 65.71
13.50 13.50 3.920 3.795 0.0149 66.99
15.50 15.50 3.826 3.701 0.0142 70.32
16.90 3.754 3.629 0.0137 73.05
19.20 19.20 3.640 3.515 0.0129 77.69
21.60 3.500 3.375 0.0119 84.03

Table 4 - Tubing Capacity

24