Tavi I

inkluziuri ganaTleba

swavlis unaris darRvevis

mqone
moswavleTa swavleba

2010
 sarCevi

Sesavali

visTvis aris saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnili ........................... 5

ra Temebs moicavs saxelmZRvanelo ............................................ 5

rogor aris saxelmZRvanelo agebuli ....................................... 6

winaTqma

Tavi I.
swavlis unaris darRveva
1.1 ganviTarebis ZiriTadi kanonzomierebebi .............................. 8
1.2 umaRlesi fsiqikuri funqciebis ganviTareba ................... 16
1.3 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis
ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi .................................................................... 34
1.4 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis
swavlebisa da swavlis ZiriTadi Taviseburebebi ......... 43

Tavi II.
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis
swavleba erovnul saswavlo gegmaze dayrdnobiT
2.1 erovnuli saswavlo gegmis arsi ..................................................... 48
2.2 swavlis sirTuleebis mqone moswavleTa
ganaTleba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi ......... 49
2.3 specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavleTa swavlebis tradiciuli modeli ....... 52
2.4 erovnuli sawavlo gegmis moqniloba ....................................... 53
2.5 erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi
diferencirebis SesaZleblobebi ................................................. 56


 Tavi III.
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa
swavlebis strategiebi erovnuli saswavlo
gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

3.1 ZiriTadi principebi swavlis unaris

darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis procesSi ......... 59
3.2 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa
diferencirebuli swavleba .............................................................. 62
3.3 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa
swavlebisas rekomendirebuli saxelmZRvaneloebi ..... 65
3.4 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa
swavlebis strategiebi ......................................................................... 67
3.5 modifikaciebisa da mxardamWeri instrumentebis
gamoyeneba swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone
moswavleTa swavlebis procesSi ................................................... 91
3.6 klasis marTva da pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris
strategia ...................................................................................................... 101

Tavi IV.
SemTxvevebis ganxilva ................................................................................... 123

gamoyenebuli literatura ................................................. 183

saqarTveloSi moqmedi NarasamTavrobo

da saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa sia .................... 184

inkluziur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli

veb-gverdebis mokle sia ...................................................... 198


 S e s a v a l i
1. visTvis aris saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnili: mocemuli sax­
elmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia zogadsaganmanaTleblo da spe­
cializirebuli skolis yvela maswavleblisTvis, vinc aswavlis
swavlis unaris ama Tu im xarisxis darRvevis mqone moswavles.
saxelmZRvanelo saintereso iqneba, aseve, dRis movlis cen­
trebisa da instituciebSi myofi bavSvebis pedagogebisa da
aRmzrdelebisTvis, vinaidan saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia
bevri iseTi sakiTxi, romelic gansxvavebuli Se­­saZleblobebis
mqone moswavleebis erT sivrceSi swavlebas gulusxmobs. vime­
dovnebT, rom wigni saintereso iqneba zo­gadad yvela maswavleb­
lisTvis.
2. ra Temebs moicavs saxelmZRvanelo: saxelmZRvaneloSi gan­xi­
lulia:
• swavlis unaris darRvevis tipebi (aqcenti gakeTdeba gon­
ebriv CamorCenilobaze xarisxebis mixedviT);
• swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis swavlisa da swav­
lebis Taviseburebebi, maTi swavlebis strategiebi (saxel­
mZRvaneloebis, damxmare vizualuri masalis, TvalsaCinoe­
bis, klasis fizikuri garemos gamoyenebis Taviseburebebi da
wesebi am moswavleTa swavlebisas);
• erovnuli saswavlo gegmis raoba da misi modifikaciis Ses­
aZlebloba moswavlis individualuri Taviseburebebisa da
SesaZleblobebis, saswavlo saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
• saswavlo gegmis modifikaciis xerxebi, sxva­dasxva saswavlo
miznebidan gamomdinare, rogorc ink­luziur klasSi, aseve
specializirebul skolaSi;
• diferenciaciis sakiTxebi (diferenciacia niSnavs TiTo­
euli davalebisa da savarjiSos Sesatyvisobas moswavleTa
saWiroebebTan da SesaZleblobebTan, e.i. davalebis morgeba
garkveuli jgufis moswavleTa SesaZleblobebze da saswav­
lo saWiroebebze);
• swavlebis, swavlisa da qcevis marTvis strategiebi swav­
lis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebisas. gansa­


 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

kuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris

strategias, romelic xels uwyobs moswavleTaTvis social­
urad misaRebi qcevis swavlebas.
3. rogor aris saxelmZRvanelo agebuli: saxelmZRvanelo Sedge­
ba oTxi Tavisgan. boloSi moyveba danarTi da im veb-gverdebis
CamonaTvali, sadac dainteresebul pirebs SeuZliaT moiZion
damatebiTi masala da TvalsaCinoebebi swavlis unaris darRve­
vis mqone moswavleTa swavlebisaTvis.


 winaTqma

wignSi ganxilulia is sakiTxebi, romelic gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas iZens swavlis sirTuleebis mqone moswavleebis
ganaTlebisa da maTi socialuri integraciis procesSi. wig­
nis umTavres nawils warmoadgens specialuri saganmanaTle­
blo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebis ganaTlebis sakiTxebi,
rac maswavleblebisTvis inkluziuri ganaTlebis princi­
pebisa da saswavlo strategiebis gacnobasa da gaazrebas em­
saxureba.
wigni gankuTvnilia zogadsaganmanaTleblo da speciali­
zi­rebuli skolis yvela maswavleblisTvis, visac swavlis un­
aris darRvevis mqone moswavle yavs klasSi. saxelmZRvanelo
saintereso iqneba, agreTve, dRis movlis centrebis da in­
stituciebSi myofi bavSvebis pedagogebisa da aRmzrdelebi­
sTvis, vinaidan saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia bevri iseTi
sakiTxi, romelic gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebis mqone mo­
swavleebis erT sivrceSi swavlebas gulisxmobs.


Tavi I swavlis unaris darRveva

1.1 ganviTarebis ZiriTadi kanonzomierebebi

bavSvis gonebrivi ganviTareba

bavSvis ganviTareba rTuli da xangrZlivi procesia, ro­melzec
mravali genetikuri da garemo faqtori axdens zegavlenas.
Teoriebis umravlesoba ganviTarebas ganixilavs etapobriv
procesad, romelic winaswar gansazRvruli safexurebis mixedviT
mimdinareobs. yovel momdevno safexurze gadasvla damokidebu­
lia misi winmswrebi safexurisTvis Sesabamisi unarebis aTvisebaze.
MmagaliTad: sanam bavSvi sirbils iswavlides, igi jer xoxvas, xolo
Semdgom siaruls swavlobs; mxolod am ori unaris aTvisebis Sem­
deg xdeba SesaZlebeli sirbilis swavla.
konkretuli Cvevisa da unarebis aTvisebis safuZvelze, Cven
SegviZlia vimsjeloT bavSvis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. imis mixedviT,
Tu rodis Cndeba garkveuli unarebi, magaliTad, rodis iwyebs
bavSvi siaruls, laparaks da. a.S. Cven vakeTebT daskvnas bavSvis
ganviTarebis donis Sesaxeb. anu CvenTvis mniSvnelovania ganviTa­
rebis indikatorebis codna da dro (asaki), rodesac mosalodne­
lia mocemuli Cvevis aTviseba.
mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswineba, rom ama Tu im Cvevis Tu un­
aris aTviseba yvela bavSvTan erTi da igive dros ar xdeba. magali­
Tad: zogierTi bavSvi wlis asakSi ukve winadadebebiT la­parakobs,
zogierTi ki mxolod calkeul sityvebs ambobs. ra Tqma unda, es
ar niSnavs, rom bavSvis ganviTareba normas ar Seesabameba. bavSvTa
populacia ganviTarebis individuri variabelobiT xasiaTdeba,
Tumca TiToeuli indikatorisTvis (CvevisTvis, unarisTvis) ar­
sebobs droiTi sazRvrebi, romlis ganmavlobaSic mosalodnelia
mocemuli unaris ganviTareba.
bavSvis ganviTarebis donis Sesaxeb msjelobisas, xSir SemTx­
vevaSi gadamwyvetia bavSvis garemos gaTvaliswineba: garda imisa,
rom sxvadasxva kulturaSi gansxvavebuli normebi arsebobs, bavS­
vebi sxvadasxva ojaxebSi izrdebian da maTi garemo met-naklebad
gansxvavebulia. CvenTvis mniSvnelovania gansazRvra, bavSvis qceva


 Tavi I
misi pirovnuli, individuri TaviseburebebiT aris ganpirobebu­
li, Tu igi raime problemis asaxvaa.
arsebobs e.w. universaluri cvlilebebi, romelic bavSveb­
Si maTi kulturuli, eTnikuri, religiuri Tu socialuri kuT­
vnilebisagan damoukideblad mimdinareobs. magaliTad, ori-sami
Tvis asakSi yvela bavSvi iwyebs gaRimebas nacnobi saxeebis danax­
visas; erTi wlisTvis ambobs pirvel sityvebs, cameti TvisTvis
iwyebs siaruls.
universaluri cvlilebebis gverdiT arsebobs ganviTarebis
individualuri gansxvavebebi. ori wlis asakSi zogi bavSvi iwyebs
tirils, roca deda gadis oTaxidan, zogi _ agrZelebs TamaSs.
erTni advilad swavloben maTematikas, meoreni _ xatvas da a.S.
es cvlilebebi progresirdeba, iwvevs organizmis ganviTare­
bas da funqcionirebis gamravalferovnebas. magaliTad, bavSvis

swavlis unaris darRveva

metyvelebis ganviTareba iwyeba RuRuniT, Semdeg erT-or sityvi­
ani winadadebebis warmoTqmiT, bolos ki sruldeba rTuli wina­
dadebis, azrebis gadmocemiT.

ganviTarebis uwyvetoba/ diskretuloba

ganviTareba mimdinareobs rogorc uwyvetad, aseve naxtomise­
burad (diskretulad). ganvixiloT uwyveti da diskretuli gan­
viTareba motoruli ganviTarebis magaliTze: eqvsi Tvis asakidan
bavSvi iwyebs cocvas. droTa ganmavlobaSi bavSvs uumjobesdeba
koordinaciis unari, Sesabamisad igi cocavs ufro swrafad da mo­
qnilad vidre dasawyisSi e.i. cocvis unari viTardeba uwyvetad.
daaxloebiT 13 Tvis asakSi bavSvebi iwyeben damoukideblad
siaruls. siaruli, romelic moiTxovs absoluturad gansxvave­
bul moZraobaTa erTobliobas, vidre moiTxovda cocva, Aar aris
cocvis unaris gaumjobeseba Tu srulyofa. is aris qcevis Tviso­
brivad gansxvavebuli forma, naxtomi ganviTarebaSi. Sesabamisad
siarulis funqcia naxtomiseburia (diskretulia) Tavisi ganvi­
TarebiT.
diskretuloba xasiaTdeba ganviTarebis stadiebiT. es stadie­
bi Tvisobrivad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan. gadadis ra bavSvi
erTi stadiidan meoreSi, ecvleba qcevis da azrovnebis bazisuri
struqtura.


 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

stadiebi erTmaneTs cvlian garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT. maga­

liTad, xoxvis stadia yovelTvis win uswrebs siaruls. SesaZloa
bavSvebma zemoxsenebuli stadiebi gaiaron sxvadasxva asakSi, ma­
gram _ mkacrad gansazRvruli rigiT.
mniSvnelovania gavamaxviloT yuradReba ganviTarebis sta­
diebis gansazRvrul Tanmimdevrobaze, rameTu es janmrTeli gan­
viTarebis aucilebeli pirobaa. im SemTxvevaSi Tu bavSvi gamoto­
vebs cocvis stadias da pirdapir siaruls daiwyebs, sasurvelia
bavSvi TamaSis formiT mainc wavaxalisoT icocos xaliCaze.

ganviTarebis sferoebi:
1. fizikuri _ bavSvis sxeulis zrda da cvlileba. igulisxmeba
rogorc garegnuli cvlilebebi, magaliTad, zomis da wonis
dinamika, aseve Sinagani _ Zval-kunTovani sistemis, jirkvle­
bis, tvinis da grZnobaTa organoebis cvlilebebi.
2. kognituri sfero _ moicavs im fsiqikur procesebs, romle­
bic azrovnebas da amocanis gadaWras ukavSirdeba. aseve moicavs
cvlilebebs, romlebic aRqmaSi, gansjis unarSi, mexsierebaSi,
SemoqmedebiT warmosaxvaSi da metyvelebaSi xdeba.
3. fsiqo-socialuri sfero _ moicavs pirovnebis da pirovne­
baTSorisi urTierTobebis ganviTarebas. ganviTarebis es ori
sfero urTierTkavSirSia da gulisxmobs, erTis mxriv me –kon­
cefciis, emociebis da grZnobebis cvlilebas, meores mxriv _
socialuri Cvevebis da qcevis modelebis formirebas.

garemos gavlena bavSvis ganviTarebaze

sicocxlis bolomde garemo faqtorebi zemoqmedeben adamia­
nis ganviTarebaze. arsebobs aseT faqtorTa ramdenime tipi:
1. faqtorebi, romelTa zemoqmedebas droebiTi xasiaTi aqvs da
Semoifarglebian erTi konkretuli situaciiT. mag. bebiis gar­
dacvaleba 10 wlis asakSi
2. faqtorebi, romlebic mudmivad zemoqmedeben adamianze da es
zemoqmedeba SeiZleba iyos uwyveti (mSoblebis faqtori) an
perioduli vizitebi bebia-babuasTan.

10
 Tavi I
yvela am garemo faqtorTa zemoqmedeba adamianis ganviTarebaze
gaSualebulia swavlisa da socializaciis procesiT, anu bavSvs
garemosTan urTierTobis sakuTari gamocdilebis safuZvelze
uyalibdeba garkveuli warmodgenebi, Cvevebi da qcevis normebi.
swavla _ pirovnuli gamocdilebis SeZenis da varjiSis Se­de­
gad individis cvlilebebis procesi, romelic dakavSirebulia
ganviTarebasTan. anu swavla aris ZiriTadi procesi, romlis saSu­
alebiTac garemo iwvevs mdgrad cvlilebas adamianis qcevaSi. das­
wavla xorcieldeba calkeuli pirovnuli gamocdilebis miRebis
da varjiSis Sedegad.

socializacia

swavlis unaris darRveva

socializacia aris procesi, romlis saSualebiTac bavSvi xde­
ba ama Tu im socialuri jgufis wevri. igi moicavs yvela im ganwyo­
bis, azris, wesis, Rirebulebebis, rolis da molodinis SeTvise­
bas, romelic mocemul konkretul socialur jgufs axasiaTebs.
es procesi grZeldeba sicocxlis bolomde da exmareba adamians
Tavi igrZnos jgufis wevrad. bavSvi socializaciis procesSi im­
TaviTve iRebs garkveul rolebs. garkveuli rolis gaTaviseba
ki dros moiTxovs. bavSvis zrdasTan erTad, izrdeba socialuri
rolebis raodenobac.
socializaciis procesi ormxrivia, rac gulisxmobs, rom ara
mxolod garemo (mSoblebi da sxva ufrosebi) cvlis bavSvis qcevas,
aramed bavSvic cvlis garemos.

ganviTarebis procesebis urTierTqmedeba

biologiuri momwifebisa da swavlis procesebis urTierTq­
medebis produqti aris qceva. swavlisa da momwifebis urTierTq­
medeba damokidebulia imaze, Tu sicocxlis romel monakveTSi
ganicdis adamiani garemos zemoqmedebas. momwifebis da garemos
zemoqmedebis Tanxvedris gadamwyveti mniSvneloba gamoixateba
terminiT _ kritikuli periodi.
kritikuli periodi aris drois is monakveTi, romelSic (da
mxolod romelSic) garkveuli garemo faqtoris organizmze ze­

11
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

moqmedeba iwvevs Sedegs. es aris periodi, roca organizmi gansa­

kuTrebiT mgrZnobiarea garemos zemoqmedebis mimarT. sxvagvarad
mas sensitiur periodsac uwodeben.
aseTi kritikuli periodebi arsebobs bavSvis prenatalur (mu­
clad yofnis) ganviTarebaSic, roca garkveul garemo faqtorebs
SeuZliaT gavlena iqonion nayofis an misi calkeuli organos gan­
viTarebaze. magaliTad, ori Tvis fexmZime dedis daavadeba wiTu­
riT iwvevs nayofis ganviTarebis seriozul garTulebebs (siyrue,
centraluri nervuli sistemis dazianeba an muclis moSla) maSin,
roca 7 Tvis fexmZimobis SemTxvevaSi, igive daavadeba nayofze ara­
viTar kvals ar tovebs.
arsebobs sxva tipis periodic, roca individi met-naklebi
xarisxiT mgrZnobiarea garemo zemoqmedebisadmi. es aris optim­
aluri periodi da igi hgavs kritikul periods. optimaluri pe­
riodi aris drois garkveuli monakveTi, romelSic momwifebis da
garemo faqtorebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad, romelime konkretuli
qceva viTardeba. Tumca optimalur periods ar axasiaTebs kriti­
kuli periodebisTvis Cveuli radikalizmi. yoveli unaris ganvi­
TarebisTvis arsebobs optimaluri dro. miuxedavad amisa, am una­
ris daswavla SesaZlebelia optimaluri periodis dadgomamde an
mis Semdeg.
cneba `mzaoba~ (mzadyofna) gamoxatavs ganviTarebis procesis
im moments, romelSic bavSvi momwifebulia romelime konkretu­
li qcevis dasaswavlad. Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom mocemuli qceva
aucileblad mzaobis periodSi unda iqnas daswavlili.

ganviTarebaze moqmedi faqtorebi

bavSvis normalur ganviTarebaze SeiZleba mravalma geneti­
kurma da garemo faqtorma moaxdinos uaryofiTi gavlena.
genetikuri faqtorebi
kvlevebma dadgina, rom mraval fsiqologiur maxasiaTebels,
maT Soris inteleqtsa da temperaments, nawilobriv, genetikuri
faqtorebi ganapirobeben. specifikuri fsiqologiuri prob­
lemebis aRmocenebaSi am faqtorebs erT-erTi mniSvne­lovani

12
 Tavi I
roli eniWeba. Tumca, autizmis, daunis sindromis, bipolaruli
afeqturi darRvevebisa da sxvadasxva genetikuri mdgomareobis
garda, bavSvis fsiqologiuri problemebi mxolod genetikuri
faqtorebiT rodia gamowveuli.

prenataluri faqtorebi
ganviTarebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan xanas warmoadgens mu­
clad yofnis periodi. am periodSi nayofis normaluri ganviTare­
ba mravali faqtoris zemoqmedebazea damokidebuli: de­dis asaki,
nayofisa da dedis sisxlis jgufebis SeuTavseb­loba, dedis aras­
rulfasovani kveba, Tambaqos, alkoholis, narkotikebisa Tu sxva
wamlebis borotad gamoyenebis Cveva, da­binZurebuli garemo piro­
bebi (haeris, wylis, niadagisa da sakvebi produqtebis dabinZureba

swavlis unaris darRveva

radioaqtiuri nivTierebebiT, tyviiT, vercxliswyliT da sxv.), in­
feqciuri daavadebebi da sxva mravali.

perinataluri faqtorebi
mSobiarobis dros nayofis Tavis tvinis dazianeba, mog­vianebiT
asakSi iwvevs SemecnebiTi funqciebis darRvevebs. cen­­traluri ner­
vuli sistemis adreuli nevrologiuri da­r­Rveve­bis Camoyalibeba­
Si mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs mSo­bia­robis iseTi garTulebebi,
rogoricaa maSebiT an va­kuumeqstraqto­riT mSobiaroba, nayofis
jdomiTi mdebareoba an mSobiarobisas fexebis winamdebare pozi­
cia, asfiqsia da a.S. dRenakluli bavSvebi centraluri nervuli
sistemis dazianebis maRali riskis qveS imyofebian, rac mniSvnelo­
van gavlenas axdens bavSvis Semdgom ganviTarebaze.

fizikuri darRvevebi da daavadebebi:

fizikuri dazianebebidan yvelaze mniSvnelovan problemas
warmoadgens qala-tvinis travma, romelic mogvianebiT iwvevs
kognituri ganviTarebisa da qcevis problemebs. am fsiqologiuri
problemebis xarisxi damokidebulia travmis siZlieresa da loka­
lizaciaze.
qronikuli daavadebebi _ asTma, diabeti, gulsisxlZarRv­
Ta paTologiebi da am daavadebebiT gamowveuli mudmivi stresi,

13
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens rogorc bavSvis emociuri sferos

ganviTarebaze, iseve garemosTan mis damokidebulebaze.
bevri baqteriuli daavadeba gavlenas ar axdens embrionze an
nayofze, vinaidan ver aRweven placentaSi. Tumca aris rigi vi­
rusebisa, gansakuTrebiT wiTura, sifilisi, herpesi, poliomeli­
ti da gripis sxvadasxva virusi, romlebic azianeben nayofs. wiTu­
ras zemoqmedeba SedarebiT kargadaa Seswavlili da aRmoCnda, rom
man SeiZleba gamoiwvios sibrmave, siyrue, gulis defeqtebi an daa­
zianos tvini. yvelaferi es damokidebulia imaze, Tu orsulobis
romel periodSi iqna virusi gadatanili.
dedis faqtorebi:
nayofze moqmedi faqtorebi Tavisi bunebiT SeiZleba iyos, ro­
gorc garegani, aseve Sinagani (magaliTad, dedis organizmis me­
tabolizmiT gamowveuli _ Tu dedas diabeti aqvs, savaraudod
Svilsac SeiZleba hqondes insulinis nakleboba).
dedis faqtorTagan ZiriTadia sisxlis rezusi da asaki. zogjer
dedis organizmisa da nayofis sisxli erTmaneTs ver egueba. rac
Seexeba asaks, kvlevebiT dadginda, rom paTologiebi da anoma­
liebi yvelaze xSirad 35 wels gadacilebuli qalebis mier pirvel
bavSvze mSobiarobis SemTxvevaSi aRiniSneba.

ojaxi, rogorc usafrTxoebis grZnobis safuZveli

zemoT aRwerili bavSvis ganviTarebaze moqmedi genetikuri
da biologiuri faqtorebis Semdeg, yvelaze mniSvnelovan gavle­
nas bavSvis Semdgom ganviTarebaze axdens is socialuri garemo,
romelSic bavSvi cxovrobs, izrdeba, swavlobs da viTardeba. so­
cialuri faqtorebi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens im bavS­
vebisaTvis, romelTac ganviTarebis garkveuli darRvevebi aRe­
niSnebaT da SezRuduli SesaZleblobiT xasiaTdebian.
ojaxi uzrunvelyofs bavSvis bazisuri usafrTxoebis gancdas,
rac TavisTavad garantiaa bavSvis usafrTxo urTierTobisa gare
samyarosTan. garda amisa, ojaxis wevrebi warmoadgenen bavSvisT­
vis damSvidebis wyaros nerviulobis da gancdebis dros. ojaxis am
funqciebs advilad davinaxavT sxvadasxva cxovrebiseul situa­
ciaze dakvirvebis dros.

14
 Tavi I
magaliTad bavSvi, romelsac axali naswavli aqvs siaruli, de­
das mxolod ramdenime nabijiT Sordeba da maSinve ukan brundeba,
imaSi dasarwmuneblad, rom deda arsad wasula. dedis gverdiT
yofna aniWebs mas usafrTxoebis SegrZnebas.

ojaxuri urTierTobebi
ojaxuri urTierTobebi bavSvs aZlevs saSualebas SeimuSaos
sakuTari Sexedulebebi, normebi, ganwyoba da ideebi. bavSvis mSo­
blebTan, da-ZmebTan saubari, pirovnul ganviTarebaSi misTvis um­
niSvnelovanes fazas warmoadgens. am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania
ara mxolod verbaluri (sityvieri) urTierTobebi, aramed emo­
ciebis gacvla _ mimikis, Jestebis meSveobiT. bavSvis ganviTareba
damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad kargi pirobebi aqvs urTier­

swavlis unaris darRveva

TobisaTvis ojaxSi.
im ojaxebSi, sadac mSoblebis qceva ar aris Tanmimdevruli da
urTierTgamomricxavia, bavSvs uWirs qcevis normebis Camoyali­
beba. ojaxebi, sadac erTmaneTis mimarT upativcemulo da araja­
nsaRi damokidebulebaa ver uzrunvelyofen bavSvs saTanado mz­
runvelobiTa da mxardaWeriT. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, mSoblebis
erTmaneTTan konfliqturi urTierTobis gamo, bavSvze gadame­
tebul mzrunvelobas iCenen, rac TavisTavad zRudavs bavSvis da­
moukideblobis xarisxs da uaryofiT gavlenas axdens mis ganviTa­
rebaze.
swavlis siZneleebis mqone bavSvebs aucileblad WirdebaT
garkveuli damoukideblobis xarisxi. isini izrdebian da zrdasTan
erTad unda xdebodes maTi momzadeba damoukidebeli cxovrebi­
saTvis. ojaxebs xSirad uWirT swori balansis moZebna. isini dax­
marebis survilis mizeziT, gadametebul mzrunvelobas iCenen,
riTac bavSvis damoukideblobis ganviTarebas zRudaven. es prob­
lema gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT Tavs iCens mozrdilobis asakSi.
mozardebi cdiloben ojaxTan arsebuli zogierTi kavSiris gaw­
yvetas. aseTi swrafva damoukideblobisken absoluturad bune­
brivia. aucilebelia, rom bavSvebi pataraobidanve asrulebdnen
garkveul sapasuxismgeblo funqciebs ojaxSi da grZnobdnen, rom
isini saWironi arian da rom maT garkveuli wvlilis Setana SeuZ­
liaT ojaxur cxovrebaSi.

15
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

1.2 umaRlesi fsiqikuri funqciebis ganviTareba

umaRlesi fsiqikuri funqcia (motorika, aRqma, azrovneba, me­
tyveleba, yuradReba, mexsiereba) aris rTulad organizebuli
funqciuri sistema, romelic, Tavisi warmoSobiT, socialuria.

motorika

motorika warmoadgens moZraobaTa erTobliobas, romelic

mimarTulia konkretuli miznis Sesrulebisken, gamoxatulia sxe­
ulis moZraobebSi da xorcieldeba mamoZravebeli kunTebis sa­
SualebiT. motoruli aqti Sedgeba, rogorc erTi konkretuli
moZraobisgan, aseve moZraobaTa seriisgan. igi droSi mimdinare
da dinamiuri procesia, rasac warmarTavs tvinis mamoZravebeli
ubnebi da Sesabamisi motoneironebi. imisaTvis, rom moZraoba
ganxorcieldes, aucilebelia ara mxolod eferentuli (daRma­
vali) impulsebis gagzavna tvinidan kunTisaken, aramed isic, rom
tvins ganuwyvetliv hqondes informacia mamoZravebeli organos
sivrceSi mdebareobis Sesaxeb, raTa akontrolos motoruli aqti.
ganasxvaveben msxvil da natif motorikas.
msxvili motorika aris didi amplitudis moZraobebi, romelT­
ac axorcielebs didi zomis kunTebi, anu es aris unari gamoiyeno
mTliani sxeulis an didi kunTebis SesaZleblobebi. magaliTad,
siaruli, sirbili, xtunva msxvili motoruli aqtebia.

16
 Tavi I
natifi motorika aris mcire amplitudis moZraobebi, ro­
melTa SesrulebaSi monawileoben TiTebi, anu es aris adamianis un­
ari, gamoiyenos xelis da gansakuTrebiT, TiTebis Se­saZleblobebi
(wera, Wra, mozaikis awyoba da a.S). sxvadasxva mo­toruli unarebis
ganviTareba moiTxovs garkveul etapebis ganviTarebas. magali­
Tad, xelebis gamoyeneba moicavs Cvilis tacebiTi refleqsidan
nebismieri tacebis aqtSi gadasvlas, es ukanaskneli ki _ Semdeg
xelis pincetiseburi gamoyenebis unarSi gadaizrdeba. sami wlis
bolosTvis manualuri (xelis) sqemebi erTiandeba sxva motorul,
perceptul da verbalur sqemebSi. magaliTad, bavSvs SeuZlia
ilaparakos da amavdroulad gamoiyenos Cangali.
motoruli unarebis saboloo srulyofa xdeba aTi-Tormeti
wlisaTvis.

swavlis unaris darRveva

natifi motoruli unarebis mniSvneloba
natif motorikas gadamwyveti roli aqvs garemosTan adapta­
ciis procesSi. xelebi aris is iaraRi, romelsac Cven ganuwyvet­
lad viyenebT. es unari ganviTarebas iwyebs adreuli bavSvobidan
da damokidebulia rig faqtorebze, romlebic moicaven mzaobas
da sensorul gamocdilebas.
bavSvs, romelsac ama Tu im mizezis gamo uWirs xelebis gamoye­
neba, naklebi SesaZlebloba aqvs garemodan miiRos sensoruli
informacia. imisTvis, rom bavSvs aqtiuri urTierToba hqondes
garemosTan da gadawyvitos iseTi amocanebi, rogoricaa Cacma, da­
bana, megobrebTan an saTamaSoebiT TamaSi, makratlis da fanqris
gamoyeneba, bevr sxva faqtorebTan erTad, aucilebelia mas gare­
modan hqondes sensoruli informacia. Svid wlamde bavSvis tvini
pirvel rigSi warmoadgens sensoruli informaciis gadamuSavebis
organos. dasawyisSi bavSvebi swavloben sa­kuTar sxeuls Sexebis,
moZraobis, ynosvis da gemos SegrZnebebis saSualebiT, Semdeg
Seimecneben garemos da masSi arsebul obieqtebs mxedvelobis da
smenis saSualebiT.
moZraobis procesSi Tavis tvini ganuwyvetliv iRebs informa­
cias sxeulis da misi nawilebis sivrceSi mdebareobis da gadaadg­
ilebis Sesaxeb. es saSualebas aZlevs bavSvs akontrolos da dax­

17
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

vewos moZraoba. analogiurad, Sexeba da taqtiluri SegrZnebebi

exmareba bavSvs Seicnos sakuTari sxeuli da akontrolos motoru­
li aqti, magaliTad, mozomos Zala da siswrafe fanqris an makrat­
lis gamoyenebisas Tu nebismieri sxva saxis aqtivobisas.
moZraobaTa organizaciasa da daxvewaSi didi roli aqvs mxed­
velobas. mxedvelobis aseTi roli gansakuTrebiT mniSvne­lovania
adreul asakSi, roca moZraobebi (amaTgan isinic, romlebic Sem­
deg avtomatizirebulia, magaliTad, siaruli), aqtiurad kontro­
ldeba mxedvelobis mier.
Zalian mniSvnelovania mxedvelobis roli Tvalis da xelis
koordinaciis CamoyalibebaSi, ris gareSec SeuZlebelia wera da
sxva aranakleb mniSvnelovani motoruli aqtebis ganxorcieleba.
aseve, Zalian mniSvnelovania sxeulis sxvadasxva nawilebis
moZraobaTa reciprokulobis anu SeTanxmebulobis, erTdrou­
lobis Camoyalibeba. aseTi SeTanxmebulobis gareSe SeuZlebelia
mizanmimarTuli motoruli aqtis ganxorcieleba. moZraobaTa
SeTanxmebulobis ganviTarebaSi didi roli akisria xoxvis sta­
dias. xoxvis procesSi bavSvi swavlobs rogor SeaTanxmos sxeulis
nawilebis moZraobebi erTmaneTTan, rac safuZvlad udevs Semdeg­
Si reciprokuli motoruli aqtebis arsebobas.

motoruli unarebis ganviTarebis principebi:

1. bavSvebi moZraobaTa kontrols iwyeben Tavidan da gadadian
fexis TiTebze. Tavis da mxrebis kontrolis unari ontoge­
neturad win uswrebs siarulis an natifi motorikis Camoya­
libebas.
2. dasawyisSi bavSvebi swavloben sxeulTan axlo myofi saxsrebis
(proqsimaluri), mogvianebiT _ Sors myofi saxsrebis (distal­
uri) kontrols. e.i. bavSvi jer axerxebs mxrebis gakontrole­
bas, mogvianebiT ki idayvebis, majebis da TiTebis.
3. pirveli moZraoba aris mTlian sxeulebrivi moZraoba. mogvi­
anebiT bavSvebi swavloben sxeulis konkretuli nawilis moZ­
raobaTa marTvas.
dasawyisSi bavSvis moZraobebi nakleb diferencirebuli da
difuziuria. oTxi Tvis asakSi misi miRweva motorul SesaZleblo­

18
 Tavi I
bebSi aris muclidan zurgze gadatrialeba (an piriqiT) da rkali­
viT moxra. aseve oTxi Tvis bavSvebi aRmoaCenen, rom aqvT xelebi
da fexebi.
xuTi _ rva Tvis asakSi xorcieldeba vizualurad mimarTu­
li taceba, anu bavSvebs SeuZliaT moipovon sagani mxedvelobiT
gaSualebuli moZraobiT da gadaitanon igi xelidan xelSi. aseve
rva Tvis bavSvs SeuZlia damoukideblad wamojdoma da jdoma;
gadaadgileba cocviT.
cxra Tvis asakSi bavSvi iwyebs Zalebis mosinjvas pirveli nabi­
jebis gadasadgmelad. erTi wlis bavSvi aqtiurad manipulirebs
sagnebiT, iwyebs TiTebis pincetiseburad gamoyenebas. bevri maT­
gani iwyebs kovziT damoukideblad Wamas.
Tvrameti Tvis asakSi TiTqmis yvela bavSvi dadis damoukide­

swavlis unaris darRveva

blad. wlinaxevris bavSvebs SeuZliaT aagon koSki ori-oTxi kubis­
agan. mocemul asakSi aqtiurad viTardeba mibaZvis unari.
oridan eqvs wlamde ufro swrafad da intensiurad viTardeba
msxvili motorika. natifi motorika viTardeba nela.
sami wlis bavSvebs aramarto siaruli da sirbili SeuZliaT,
aramed, samTvliani velosipedis tareba da koSkis ageba eqvsi-rva
kubisagan.

aRqma da SegrZneba
informacias gare samyaros Sesaxeb viRebT SegrZnebebis saSu­
alebiT. Cven SevigrZnobT mxedvelobiT, smeniT, taqtiluri Seg­
rZnebiT, ynosviT, gemoTi da proprioceptuli gamRizianeblebiT.
Tumca es SegrZnebebi CvenSi Semodian ara rogorc calkeuli, erT­
maneTisagan damoukideblad arsebuli gamRizianeblebi, aramed
erTiandebian aRqmaSi.
aRqma (percefcia) warmoadgens saganTa TvalsaCino gancdas. is
sensoruli informaciis interpretaciisa da gaazrebis aqtiuri
procesia. mxedvelobiTi aRqma ar daiyvaneba ubralod xedvis un­
arze, is moicavs imis gaazrebasac, rasac vxedavT.
aRqmisgan gansxvavebiT _ SegrZneba aris grZnobaTa organoe­
bis mier stimulis martivi registraciis procesi. Cven SeiZleba
mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi SevigrZnobdeT temperaturas an guguns.

19
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

Tu Cven yuradRebas mivaqcevT, rom oTaxSi civa an Semomavali gu­

guni aris quCaSi moZravi manqanebis xmauri, es niSnavs, rom Cven aq­
tiurad gadavamuSavebT sensorul signals da viwyebT mis aRqmas.
aRqma aris azrovnebis da Semecnebis Semadgeneli nawili.

mxedvelobiTi aRqma
miuxedavad imisa, rom bavSvebi ibadebian mxedvelobiT aRqmis
unaris garkveuli SezRudvebiT, isini dabadebis pirvelive dRee­
bidan reagireben Suqze da SeuZliaT Tvali gaayolon moZrav obi­
eqts, Tumca maTi Tvalebis moZraoba dasawyisSi moklea, naxtomise­
buria da Semoifargleba mokle manZiliT. aseve, axalSobilebs
zogjer ara aqvT konvergencia, anu maT ar SeuZliaT orive gugis
erT obieqtze fokusireba, rac mniSvnelovnad arTulebs sivrcis
aRqmas. konvergenciis unari yalibdeba meore Tvis bolos.
4-6 Tvemde Cvilis mxedvelobiTi unarebi swrafad viTardeba.
bavSvebi samyaros vizualur Semecnebas iwyeben ufro adre, vidre
gaivlian an sagnebiT manipulirebas iswavlian.
ferebis garCevis unari, pirveli wlis manZilze, uwyvetad vi­
Tardeba. pirveli ori Tvis manZilze bavSvebs Sav-TeTri gamo­
saxulebebi urCevniaT ferads. 4 TvisTvis isini arCeven ferebis
umetesobas, xolo 6 TvisTvis maTi ferTa garCevis unari iseTivea,
rogorc zrdasrulebSi.
Cvilis aRqma Zalian Taviseburia. Tavidan isini afiqsireben
saxis konturs, meore Tvis bolosTvis iwyeben mzeris fiqsirebas
Tvalebze, mexuTe Tvis bolosTvis isini uyureben tuCebis moZrao­
bas, meSvide TvisTvis bavSvebi reagireben mTlian saxeze da saxis
eqspresiaze; meeqvse Tvis bolosTvis umjobesdeba Tvalis fiqsa­
ciis unari. am asakis bavSvebs SeuZliaT moZrav obieqtebs yuradRe­
biT uyuron da xangrZlivi drois manZilze adevnon Tvalyuri.
axalSobili finjans da lambaqs (Tu finjani dgas lambaqze)
aRiqvams erT obieqtad, Tumca mas SeuZlia gamoyos erTmaneTisgan
figura da foni. 3-4 Tvis bavSvma icis, rom boTli, ra fonzec ar
unda idges _ magidaze Tu oTaxis kuTxeSi _ boTlia da ara rome­
lime sxva sagani. siRrmis aRqma SesaZlebelia 6 kviris asakidan da
es unari Zalian swrafad viTardeba.

20
 Tavi I
smena
miuxedavad axalSobilis
ne­r­vuli sistemis moumwifeb­
lobisa, isini smeniT gamRiz­
ianeblebs SeigrZnoben da ma­
Tze reagireben. Zalian male
bavSvi iwyebs smeniTi gamRiz­
ianeblis garCevas da misdami
emociuri damokidebulebis ga-
movlenas (adamianis xma ur­
Cevnia xmaurs). amasTan, bavSvi Zalian male iwyebs dedis xmis ga­
morCevas nebismieri sxva xmisgan, rac ukve smeniTi aRqmis unaris
daxvewas adasturebs. Cvilebi aseve Zalian kargad asxvaveben erT­

swavlis unaris darRveva

maneTisgan fonemebs da avlenen gansakuTrebul mgrZnobelobas
adamianuri xmebis mimarT.

gemo, ynosva da Sexeba

samive es unari bavSvs dabadebidanve aqvs ganviTarebuli. ukve
Zalian patarebi ganasxvaveben sxvadasxva gemos da suns da akeTe­
ben arCevans, rac mowmobs, rom maT gemos da sunis ara mxo­lod Seg­
rZneba, aramed aRqmac SeuZliaT. rac Seexeba taqtilur SegrZne­
bebs, arsebobs azri, rom is bavSvebs jer kidev dabadebamde aqvT
ganviTarebuli.

ganviTarebis procesisTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania bavSvma

SesZlos sensoruli impulsebis integracia, anu erTmaneTisgan
ganasxvaos sensoruli impulsebi
da TiToeuli maTgani Sesabamis
kategorias miakuTvnos. es unari,
rogorc aRmoCnda, bavSvs aqvs Za­
lian adreuli asakidan da inten­
siurad viTardeba pirveli eqvsi
Tvis manZilze.
ase rom, aRqma da SegrZneba
aris umniSvnelovanesi unari, ra­
Ta bavSvma Seimecnos samyaro da

21
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

sakuTari Tavi, raTa ganviTardes misi motoruli, kognituri, emo­

ciuri da socialuri funqciebi.

nebisyofa
nebisyofa aris nebelobiTi aqti, romelic konkretul aqtivo­
basTan dakavSirebiT situaciis winaswar gaazrebas, dagegmvas,
gadawyvetilebis miRebas efuZneba da impulsuri qcevisagan gan­
sxvavebiT, Soreul mizans emsaxureba. anu nebisyofa ar efuZneba
uSualo moTxovnilebas da xSirad gulisxmobs impulsebisa da
moTxovnilebebisagan Tavis Sekavebas. nebisyofa specifikuria
adamianisaTvis da igi droTa ganmavlobaSi yalibdeba. bavSvebi
ar ibadebian nebelobiTi aqtivobis unariT. wlamde asakis bavS­
vis qceva impulsuria. nebisyofis Camoyalibebas xels uwyobs me­
tyvelebis ganviTareba da sityvieri instruqciebis micemis Tu
miRebis procesi. bavSvebi iReben davalebebs, romelic maT uSua­
lo moTxovnilebebs ar ukavSirdeba da siamovnebiT asruleben mas
Seqebis an moferebis molodinSi. mogvianebiT, oridan oTx wlamde
asakSi dgeba bavSvis jiutobis xana, roca bavSvis TviTcnobiereba
yalibdeba. paralelurad bavSvi ecnoba `normebs~ da uCndeba maTi
darRvevis survili. mogvianebiT bavSvis sijiute cxreba da nebi­
syofa viTardeba. am unaris formirebas gansakuTrebiT xels uwy­
obs 5 wlamde, socialuri TamaSebi, mogvianebiT ki, skolaSi Sesvla
da saskolo unarebis daufleba.

metyveleba
metyveleba komunikaci­
is, informaciis gadmocemis
Tu kategorizaciis uni­
kaluri sa­Sualebaa da mas
udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
bavSvis ganviTarebaSi.
imisaTvis, rom am uni­
kalur fenomenze warmod­
gena Segveqmnas, saWiroa
gavecnoT mis aspeqtebs.

22
 Tavi I
ganixilaven sam aspeqts:
1. enis Sinaarsi _ romelic ukavSirdeba Setyobinebis (zepiri,
werilobiTi) mniSvnelobas.
2. forma _ esaa Sinaarsis gadmocemisaTvis saWiro specifikuri
simboloebi: bgerebi, sityvebi da gramatika.
3. gamoyeneba _ gulisxmobs socialur gacvla-gamocvlas or an
met adamians Soris.
Cven metyvelebas viyenebT sxvadasxva mizniT. misi saSualebiT
vikmayofilebT moTxovnilebebs, vmarTavT sxva adamianebs, vinar­
CunebT socialur kontaqtebs, gamovxatavT Cvens grZnobebs, voc­
nebobT, vsvamT SekiTxvebs, vxsniT da a.S. ganviTarebis procesSi
bavSvi sityvebTan da metyvelebis formasTan erTad implicitu­

swavlis unaris darRveva

rad iTvisebs enis zemoxenebul funqciebsac.
bavSvis mier metyvelebis procesSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
aqvs Semdeg or komponents:
1. mibaZva _ mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs enis SeTvisebis pro­
cesSi. pirvel sityvebs bavSvi swavlobs kargad ganviTarebuli
smenis da mibaZvis unaris wyalobiT _ esmis sityvebi da cdi­
lobs gaimeoros.
2. ganmtkiceba _ iseve, rogorc nebismieri qcevis, metyvelebis
swavlis procesSic, ganmtkicebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs. bavS­
vebi amboben pirvel sityvebs da pasuxad iReben mSobelTa aR­
frTovanebas, moferebas an ubralod aRweven mizans. magali­
Tad, Tu bavSvi ityvis: `orcxobila~ _ miiRebs orcxobilas.
Tumca unda iTqvas, rom metyvelebis didi nawilis SeTviseba
xdeba yovelgvari aseTi ganmtkicebis gareSe da bavSvebi swav­
loben iseT sityvebs, winadadebebsa Tu frazebs, romelTa war­
moTqmisas ar jildovdebian.
metyvelebiTi struqturebi, zogi avtoris azriT, Tandayo­
lilia. aseTi metyvelebiTi struqturebi uzrunvelyofs enis ur­
Tulesi aspeqtebis swrafad da advilad SeTvisebas. am mosazrebis
Tanaxmad, roca bavSvebs esmiT sxvebis metyveleba, aracnobierad
imuSaveben gramatikul wesebs da am wesebis mixedviT ageben sa­
kuTar metyvelebas.

23
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

metyvelebis ganviTareba pirdapir kavSirSia SemecnebiTi pro­

cesebis ganviTarebasTan. rogorc adre avRniSneT, Tavdapirve­
lad bavSvi aRiqvams metyvelebis fonetikur mxares, Semdeg 1 _
1.5 wlis asakisaTvis xdeba fonemaTa erTobliobis _ sityvebis da­
kav­Sireba garkveul obieqtebTan. roca bavSvi acnobierebs obieq­
tebis mudmivobas da moswons obieqtebis damalva da povna, es pro­
cesebi aisaxeba mis metyvelebaSi. (mag. is iyenebs sityvebs _ `aRar
aris~, `sad aris~, `ipove~ da a.S)
ori wlis bolosTvis mniSvnelovnad izrdeba bavSvis leqsi­
kuri maragi da is ZiriTadad Sedgeba saganTa dasaxelebebisgan. es
procesi ukavSirdeba kategorizaciis unaris progress.
enis gramatikuli aspeqti yalibdeba TandaTanobiT da sko­
lamdeli asakis bolos, uaxlovdeba zrdasruli adamianis me­
tyvelebis gramatikul saxes.

metyvelebis ganviTareba
metyvelebis ganviTareba gulisxmobs, rom bavSvi dasawyisSi
aRiqvams metyvelebis fonematur mxares _ bgeraTa erTobliobas,
Semdeg ki masSi debs garkveul mniSvnelobas (semantika).
skolamdel asakSi metyveleba viTardeba ori mimarTulebiT _
jer viTardeba enis, sxvisi metyvelebis gagebis unari _ impresi­
uli metyveleba. amas ki mosdevs sityvebis, mogvianebiT, winadade­
bebis warmoTqmis unaris formireba _ eqspresiuli (aqtiuri) me­
tyveleba.
metyvelebis gagebis unari yovelTvis win uswrebs warmoTq­
mis unars, magaliTad, rva Tvis bavSvs esmis `deda~ da `mama~ _ si­
tyvebis mniSvneloba, xolo misi warmoTqma SeuZlia 14 Tvis asakSi.
aseve ToTxmeti Tvis bavSvs esmis sakmaod rTuli instruqcia,
magaliTad, Sedi oTaxSi da moitane orcxobila, maSin roca is ver
axerxebs or sityviani winadadebis Sedgenasac ki.

bavSvis enis ganviTareba moicavs 3 periods:

1. metyvelebamdeli periodi.
am asakSi bavSvi gamoscems xmebs, tiris, daaxloebiT eqvsi kviris
asakSi iwyebs RuRuns, xolo eqvsi Tvis asakSi _ titins. titinis
pro­cesSi bavSvebi varjiSoben, swavloben bgerebis gamoTqmas.

24
 Tavi I
2. erT sityviani winadadebebis periodi
bavSvebis umravlesoba pirvel sityvebs ambobs erTi wlis bo­
los, 2 wlisaTvis es procesi gacilebiT swrafad mimdinareobs.

3. or sityviani winadadebebis periodi

ori wlis bolos bavSvi agebs or sityvian winadadebebs, ri­Tac
gamoxatavs Tavis survils an aRwers movlenebs. unda iTqvas, rom am
winadadebebSi ar aris daculi enis gramatikuli struqtura; bavS­
vis metyvelebas aqvs telegrafuli xasiaTi, rac gulisxmobs, rom
bavSvebi winadadebebSi iyeneben yvelaze informaciul sityvebs _
zmnebs, arsebiT saxelebs da zedsarTav saxelebs.
niSandoblivia, rom metyvelebis procesSi bavSvebi aqtiurad
rTaven Jestikulacias.

swavlis unaris darRveva

bavSvis metyvelebis ganviTareba skolamdel periodSi sta­
diebad mimdinareobs. jer bavSvebi ayalibeben or sityvian wina­
dadebebs. meore etapze bavSvebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon fleqsiebi
_ magaliTad, wavedi, waxvedi, wavida, waval, mivdivar da a. S. mesame
stadiaze bavSvebi cvlian winadadebis formebs. magaliTad, ambo­
ben kiTxviT Tu brZanebiT winadadebebs. Semdgom etapze bavSvebi
operireben rTuli konstruqciebiT. isini metyveleben rTuli,
damokidebuli winadadebiT.
skolis periodSi Zalian intensiurad viTardeba zepiri, gabmu­
li metyveleba. amasTanave, enisa da metyvelebis ganviTarebisaT­
vis, umniSvnelovanes aspeqts Seadgens wera-kiTxvasTan dakavSire­
buli Cvevebis Camoyalibeba.

mexsiereba
mexsiereba warmoadgens informaciis Senaxvis da aRdgenis uni­
kalur saSualebas. mas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs yvela cocxali
organizmis arsebobisa da garemoSi adaptaciisa Tu gadarCenisT­
vis. Cveni da Cveni winaprebis warsuli gamocdileba mexsierebaSi
inaxeba da Cven saSualeba gveZleva saWiro momentSi gavixsenoT da
gamoviyenoT esa Tu is informacia.
mexsierebis uamravi klasifikacia arsebobs da vercerTi maT­
gani amomwuravad ver aRwers damaxsovrebis unikalur unars.

25
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

damaxsovrebis specifikidan gamomdinare, gamoyofen mexsie­

rebis uneblie da nebismier formebs: uneblie forma gulisxmobs,
rom ama Tu im masalis damaxsovreba xdeba spontanurad, uneblied,
yovelgvari winaswar ganzraxvis gareSe.
nebismieri damaxsovrebis dros, adamiani ama Tu im informa­
cias mizanmimarTulad, nebismierad imaxsovrebs; efeqturi dam­
axsovrebisTvis ki, damaxsovrebis meqanizmebs iyenebs. imisda mi­
xedviT, Tu romeli modalobis grZnobaTa organos gziT Semodis
CvenSi dasamaxsovrebeli masala, gamoyofen mexsierebis sam saxes
_ mxedvelobiTs, smeniTs da motoruls.

damaxsovrebis procesi Sedgeba sami nawilisgan:

1) informaciis aRbeWdva;
2) gadamuSaveba da Senaxva;
3) aRdgena.

mexsierebac sami nawilisgan Sedgeba:

1. sensoruli registri, romelSic aRibeWdeba sensoruli orga­
noebis mier miRebuli informacia.
2. xanmokle mexsiereba, romelic inaxavs imas, rasac mocemul mo­
mentSi adamiani acnobierebs.
3. xangrZlivi mexsiereba, romelic inaxavs informacias mTeli
cxovrebis manZilze.

informacia aRibeWdeba jer sensorul registrSi, sadac Cerde­

ba 250 mwm. ganmavlobaSi, aqedan informacia an ikargeba, an gadadis
xanmokle mexsierebaSi, sadac xdeba mocemuli informaciis gac­
nobiereba da inaxeba 30 wamis ganmavlobaSi.
xangrZliv mexsierebaSi aRbeWdili informacia, zogi mecnieris
azriT, arasdros ar ikargeba.
gamoyofen informaciis sam saxes, romelic mexsierebaSi aRi­
beWdeba an inaxeba. es aris: xatebi, qmedebebi da sityvebi. aqedan
gamomdinare, gamoyofen mexsierebis sam saxes: mxedvelobiTs, mo­
toruls da verbalurs.
mxedvelobis mexsiereba filogeneturad pirvelia, aseve, Za­
lian adre iCens Tavs motoruli mexsiereba. rac Seexeba verba­

26
 Tavi I
lurs, igi mxolod 4-6 wlis asakSi yalibdeba. metyvelebis ganvi­
Tareba, skolamdeli asakis bavSvs, saSualebas aZlevs ufro didi
informacia xangrZlivad Seinaxos.
5-7 wlidan damaxsovrebuli masalis aRdgena sagrZnoblad
umjobesdeba, izrdeba mexsierebis moculoba. mocemuli asaki­
dan bavSvebi aqtiurad iyeneben damaxsovrebis meqanizms da dam­
axsovrebac ukve mizanmimarTul da nebelobiT xasiaTs iZens.
bavSvebi masalas manamde iyeneben, sanam ar darwmundebian rom
mocemuli masala axsovT. mogvianebiT isini axdenen kategori­
zacias da dasaxsomebeli masalis dajgufebas; kidev ufro gvian
_ adgenen mokle moTxrobebs da vizualur xatebs, raTa ufro
efeqturi gaxadon damaxsovrebis procesi.

swavlis unaris darRveva

yuradReba
rogorc wesi, adamianis grZnobaTa organoebze uamravi gama­
Rizianebeli moqmedebs, magram yvela am gamaRizianeblis er­
Toblivad aRqma Tu SemCneva fizikurad SeuZlebelia. adamiani
amCnevs da naTlad aRiqvams mxolod im gamaRizianebels, romelic
mis yuradRebas iqcevs da es gamaRizianebeli, SeiZleba iyos erTi
an ramdenime.
aqedan gamomdinare, yuradReba warmoadgens yoveli obieqtis
naTlad da garkveulad gancdis pirobas. igi uzrunvelyofs fsiq­
ikis mimarTvas, mis koncentracias garkveul obieqtze.
yuradRebis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, zogjer, SesaZloa, Zli­eri
intensivobis gamaRizianebeli SeumCneveli darCes da adamianma
naTlad ganicados susti gamaRizianebeli, romliskenac warmar­
Tavs yuradRebas.
ganasxvaveben yuradRebis uneblie da nebismier formebs. pir­
vel SemTxvevaSi yuradReba uneblied, impulsurad, yovelgvari wi­
naswar ganzraxvis gareSe warimarTeba gamaRizianeblisken. magal­
iTad, Zlieri intensiurobis an friad uCveulo gamaRizianebelma
SeiZleba uneburad miipyros Cveni yuradReba. meore SemTxvevaSi
adamiani mizandasaxulad warmarTavs yuradRebas (nebismierad)
garkveul obieqtze an Sinaarsze, romelic mocemul momentSi Sei­
Zleba arc iyos saintereso.

27
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

nebismier yuradRebas Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs swavlis

da zogadad SemecnebiT procesebSi. nebismieri, axali qceva iqneba
es Tu sxva aqtivoba, moiTxovs yuradRebis daZabvas manam, sanam es
qceva Znelad Sesasrulebelia.

yuradReba Semdegi TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba:

1. intensiuroba _ yuradRebis koncentracia xdeba xan meti,
xan naklebi intensiurobiT, rac ganapirobebs yuradRebis sagnis
gancdis met-nakleb sinaTles (naTlad ganicdeba an arc ise naT­
lad ganicdeba).
2. cvalebadoba _ yuradRebis intensiuroba Cveulebriv pi­
robebSi icvleba, xan imatebs, xan iklebs. fizikurad SeuZlebelia
erTi da igive saganze an Sinaarsze mimarTuli yuradRebis inten­
siuroba iyos yovelTvis maRali, igi periodulad mcirdeba da
Semdeg isev imatebs.
3. moculoba _ ganisazRvreba im Sinaarsebis raodenobiT, ro­
melic erTdroulad aRmoCndeba yuradRebis da Sesabamisad, cno­
bierebis fokusSi. zrdasruli adamianis yuradRebis moculoba
Seadgens 4-6 martiv STabeWdilebas.
4. yuradRebis ganawileba _ yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom ada­
mians SeuZlia erTdroulad dakavdes sxvadasxva aqtivobiT, mag­
aliTad, uyuros televizors da moamzados sadili. amas adamiani
asrulebs yuradRebis ganawilebis xarjze. cxadia, erTdroulad,
misi cnobierebis fokusSi orive aqtivoba ver moTavsdeba. isini
yuradRebis fokusSi Tavsdebian monacvleobiT.
zog SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia ori sxvadasxva aqtivobis gaer­
Tianeba erT aqtivobad. magaliTad, roialze dakvrisas orive xe­
lis gansxvavebuli aqtivobebi erTiandeba erT struqturaSi da
erT mTlian aqtivobad aRiqmeba. am SemTxvevaSi yuradRebis ga­
nawileba erTi xelidan meoreze ar aris saWiro da igi erTdrou­
lad miepyroba orive xelis erTian aqtivobas.
5. yuradRebis gadanacvleba _ gulisxmobs erTi Sinaarsidan
yuradRebis saswrafod mowyvetas da gadatanas sxva, zogjer sru­
liad gansxvavebul Sinaarsze.

28
 Tavi I
6. yuradRebis Segueba _ gamaRizianeblis SemCneva momenta­
lurad ar xdeba, imisTvis, rom gamaRizianebeli SevamCnioT, misi
zemoqmedebis dawyebidan Cvens grZnobaTa organoebze, garkveuli
dro unda gavides (1-2wami) anu Cveni yuradReba gamaRizianebels
unda Seeguos.
7. yuradRebis stabiluroba _ gamZleoba _ esaa yuradRebis
simtkice anu gamZleoba, rac izomeba erTi da igive Sinaarsze yur­
adRebis fiqsaciis xangrZlivobiT.
8. simyare anu gadauxradoba _ es aris yuradRebis met _ na­
klebi simyare, anu xelSemSleli, ucxo gamaRizianeblis mimarT
met-naklebi winaaRmdegobis xarisxi.
9. yuradRebis gavarjiSeba _ yuradRebis varjiSis Sedegad,

swavlis unaris darRveva

SesaZlebelia misi yvela Tvisebis ganviTareba: izrdeba misi in­
tensiuroba, gamZleoba da a. S.

yuradRebis ganviTareba
yuradRebis Canasaxovan formas warmoadgens saorientacio re­
fleqsi Zalian adreul asakSi, saxeldobr, refleqsuri xasiaTis
mimarTva gamaRizianeblis mimarTulebiT, rac xels uwyobs gama­
Rizianeblis aRqmas. aseTi moqmedeba sistematur xasiaTs iZens da
bavSvisaTvis gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebeli xdeba 2 Tvidan.
skolamdel asakSi yuradReba, iseve, rogorc nebismieri sxva
qceva, impulsur xasiaTs atarebs, anu yuradReba ar aris nebelo­
biT gaSualebuli da igi warimarTeba gamaRizianeblisken bavSvis
uSualo moTxovnilebis safuZvelze.
Tumca 4 wlidan 6 wlamde ukve Tavs iCens nebismieri yuradRebis
Canasaxebic.
saskolo asakidan yuradRebis nebismieri forma kidev ufro aq­
tiurdeba anu skolis periodi warmoadgens nebismieri yuradRebis
ganviTarebis periods.
saskolo asakidan, gansakuTrebiT 11 wlidan, aqtiurad vi­
Tardeba yuradRebis iseTi Tvisebebi, rogoricaa _ yuradRebis
moculoba, koncentracia, simyare da stabiluroba.
adreul asakSi bavSvis yuradRebis moculoba itevs erT STa­
beWdilebas. mas erTdroulad ar SeuZlia ara Tu ramdenime obi­

29
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

eq­tis aRqma, aramed obieqtis erTze meti maxasiaTeblis gaTva­

liswinebac. magaliTad, patara bavSvs, romelsac xelSi vaSli
uWiravs, atami rom mivawodoT vaSli gauvardeba, radganac Mmisi
yu­radReba maqsimalurad warimarTeba axali obieqtisken. sabo­
lood yuradRebis zrdasrulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli moculoba
yalibdeba 16 wlis asakSi. saskolo asakisTvis (adreul stadiaze)
yuradRebis moculoba 2-3-s, 12 wlis asakSi ki 3-4 martiv STabeW­
dilebas itevs.
rac Seexeba yuradRebis stabilurobas _ 1 wlis bolos bavSvs
SeuZlia yuradRebis warmarTva erTi mimarTulebiT 15 wuTi.
oTxi wlis asakSi, TamaSiT garTuli bavSvis yuradReba daax­
loebiT erTi saaTi SeiZleba iyos mimarTuli erT STabeWdileba­
ze. 6 wlisaTvis es dro izrdeba saaTnaxevramde.
yuradRebis koncentraciis (gadaxradoba-gadauxradoba) una­
ri mniSvnelovnad izrdeba 5 wlis asakidan.
saskolo asakidan gansakuTrebiT viTardeba nebismieri yur­
adRebis koncentraciis unari, magram sagrZnoblad maRal dones
is aRwevs 11 wlis asakidan. ganviTarebis maqsimums ki _ 14-15
wlisTvis.
skolis asakSi swavlis procesi erTis mxriv, aviTarebs yur­
adRebas, meores mxriv, nebismieri yuradRebis ganviTareba uzrun­
velyofs swavlis efeqturobas.

emociuri ganviTareba
bavSvebis emociuri reaqciebi
sakmaod farTo speqtrs mo­icaven.
zogjer isini aRfrTovanebule­
bi da bednierebi arian, zogjer
depresiulebi da mowyenilebi,
zogjer ki Zalian brazianebi.
adreuli asakis emoci­u­ri da so­
cialuri ganviTareba erTmane­TTan
mWidro kavSirSia. emo­ciebi SeiZ­
leba ganvi­xiloT rogorc komunika­
ciis forma, riTac bavSvi axerxebs

30
 Tavi I
sxvebisTvis sakuTari gancdebis, survi­lebisa da moTxovnilebebis

swavlis unaris darRveva

gadacemas. amas warmatebiT axorcieleben sakmaod patara asakis
bavSvebic ki.
CvilebSi emociebis ga­mov­lenis dro individu­aluria. Si­Si,
tkivilze re­aqcia, rudimentuli Ri­mili dabadebisTanave vlin­
deba. es reaqciebi ase vTqvaT winapirobaa socialuri Ri­milisa da
aRfrTovanebis emociisa, rac mogvianebiT iCens Tavs. 4-6 kviris
asakSi bavSvs socialuri Rimilis reaqcia uviTar­deba iseT stimu­
lebze, rogoricaa nacnobi saxe da xma. 3-4 Tvis asakSi Tavs iCens
sibrazis, gakvirvebis, mowyenilobis emociuri reaqciebi. SiSis
emocia CvilebSi 5-7 Tvis asakSi Cndeba, maSin roca sircxvili da
simorcxve 6-8 Tvis asakis bavSvebs uviTardebaT. aRsaniSnavia, rom
emociuri reaqciebi bavSvebTan SemTxveviT ar aRmocendeba. sakma­
od bevri mecnieruli faqtia imis damamtkicebeli, rom emociuri
reaqciebi yalibdeba garkveuli garemo faqtorebis gavleniT.
sanam bavSvs ganuviTardeba metyveleba, is sociumTan komuni­
kacias emociebis gamoxatviT axerxebs. dedebi SvilebTan urTier­
Tobisas iyeneben sxvadasxva emociebs da amdenad aswavlian TavianT
bavSvebs emociuri gamomxatvelobis `teqnikas~. amasTan bavSvebi
gacilebiT warmatebulad axerxeben sakuTari mimikis emocie­bis
gamosaxatavad gamoyenebas, vidre sxvisi emociebis dafiqsirebas.
rodesac Cvili ayalibebs pozitiur emociur damokidebulebas
garkveul individebTan, imavdroulad swavlobs, rogor moiqces
ucxoebTan.

31
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani unari, romelic bavSvebma unda Se­

iZinon aris SiSiTa da SfoTviT gamowveul stresTan gamkla­vebis
meqanizmebi. SiSi da SfoTva ori gansxvavebuli emociaa. SiSi aris
gansazRvrul stimulebsa da situaciaze reaqcia (magaliTad, bavS­
vs eSinia didi ZaRlis an Weqa-quxilis). SfoTva, SiSisgan gansxva­
vebiT, ganusazRvreli xasiaTisaa. bavSvi Se­­iZleba SfoTavdes, gan­
icdides SiSs, Tumca TviTonac ar ico­des konkretulad risi eSinia.
bevri fsiqologi miiCnevs, rom SfoTva socializaciis ganuyreli
nawilia, vinaidan bavSvi cdi­lobs aicilos arasasiamovno gancdebi
mSoblebis mxridan ukmayofilebis an dasjis SemTxvevaSi.
SiSsa da SfoTvas bevri mizezi aqvs. patara bavSvebs SeiZleba
imisac eSinodeT, rom mSoblebi miatoveben, an aRar eyvarebaT.
mSoblebs, ra Tqma unda, uyvarT TavianTi Svilebi, Tumca dasjis
mizniT SeiZleba Svils garkveuli siTbo da yuradReba moaklon,
rac bavSvSi SfoTvas iwvevs. fizikuri dasjis winaTgrZnoba bavS­
vebSi SfoTvis kidev erTi wyaroa. ori wlis bavSvebs TavianTi
mSoblebi yovlisSemZleebad miaCniaT da warmodgena ara aqvT imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ra SeuZlia moimoqmedos mSobelma. rodesac gabrazeb­
uli deda bavSvs daemuqreba: `Tavs wagaclio~, bavSvi fiqrobs, rom
marTla ase SeiZleba moxdes.
SiSi da SfoTva SesaZloa gaZlierdes an warmoiSvas kidec, Tavad
bavSvis warmosaxvis wyalobiT. bavSvebi xSirad fiqroben, rom dis
an Zmis dabadeba maT mSoblis siyvaruls da mzrunvelobas waarT­
mevs. xandaxan SfoTvas bavSvebSi TavianTi akrZaluli grZnobebis
(agresia, zizRi) gacnobiereba iwvevs. bavSvma Tavisi fantaziis
wyalobiT SeiZleba bevri ramis mimarT Camoiyalibos SiSi. sibne­
lis SiSi, rogorc wesi bavSvebis fantaziis nayofia da aranairad
ar ukavSirdeba realur cxovrebaSi momxdar movlenebs.

inteleqti
inteleqti aris adamianis unari SeiZinos da gamoiyenos Cve­vebi,
romelic aucilebelia kulturasa da garemosTan adaptaciisTvis.
mkvlevarTa Soris jerac ar arsebobs erTiani, SeTanxmebuli azri
imis Taobaze, warmoadgens Tu ara inteleqti mxolod zogad un­
ars, romelic vlindeba axal amocanaTa umravlesobis gadaWraSi,
Tu igi specifikuri kognituri unarebis erTobliobaa.

32
 Tavi I
inteleqti gulisxmobs unars, Tu rogor SegviZlia gadav­WraT
problemuri situacia da rogor viyenebT amisTvis axal informa­
cias. cxadia, amisTvis saWiroa raRac codnis floba da imavdrou­
lad, logikuri gansja, damaxsovreba, kavSirebis danaxva da daskv­
nis gakeTeba.
zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, arsebobs inteleqtis ramdenime
saxe da isini erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad viTardebian. amas mow­
mobs is, rom bavSvebi, romelTac uxeSi darRveva aqvT erT sferoSi,
SeiZleba warmatebuli iyvnen sxva sferoSi (azrovnebis mozaikuri
ganviTareba).

me-s koncefcia da TviTcnobierebis ganviTareba

TviTcnobiereba Cndeba ori wlidan. daaxloebiT Tvrameti

swavlis unaris darRveva

Tvis asakSi; bavSvebi iwyeben sakuTari Tavis cnobas sarkeSi. ori
wlis bavSvs aqvs „mes` da „Cemis` gageba. niSandoblivia, rom Svid
wlamde asakis bavSvebi sakuTari Tavis daxasiaTebisas yuradRe­
bas amaxvileben fizikur niSnebze (Tvalis feri, Tmis feri da a.S.).
Sua bavSvobis periodSi ki iwyeben abstraqtuli maxasiaTeblebis
dafiqsirebas (me CxubisTavi var) da fsiqologiuri Tvisebebis
CamoTvlas. acnobiereben ra sakuTari grZnobebis da gancdebis
unikalurobas, bavSvebi afiqsireben sakuTar gansxvavebulobas.
aRsaniSnavia, rom me-koncefciis formirebis procesSi bavSvi
Sinaganad aZlevs sakuTar Tvisebebs dadebiT an uaryofiT Sefase­
bas. es gancdebi, sakuTari kargi Tu cudi Tvisebebis gamo, ayali­
beben TviTSefasebas.
TviTSefasebisgan gansxvavebiT, me-s koncefcias aqvs aRweriTi
xasiaTi: Tmis feri, xmis tembri, romelic ar fasdeba plus an minus
niSniT. TviTSefaseba piriqiT, ukavSirdeba sakuTari Tvisebebis
gansjas da Sefasebas.
roca rva wlis bavSvi geubnebaT, rom is CxubisTavia, im SemTx­
vevaSi Tu is Tvlis, rom CxubisTavoba kargi Tvisebaa sakuTari
Tavis dacvis TvalsazrisiT, misi TviTSefaseba maRldeba. Tu mas
CxubisTavoba awuxebs, TviTSefaseba mcirdeba.

33
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

1.3. swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis

ZiriTadi ma­xasiaTeblebi

ras warmoadgens swavlis unaris darRveva?

swavlis unaris darRveva* warmoadgens ganviTarebis darRve­
vas, romelic xasiaTdeba inteleqtualuri funqcionirebis (Se­
mecnebis unari, swavla) normaze dabali maCvenebliTa da yovel­
dRiuri unar-Cvevebis (komunikacia, TviTmomsaxureba, socialuri
Cvevebi) SezRudviT. swavlis unaris darRvevis diagnostireba
dabadebidan 18 wlis asakamde xdeba. statistikuri monacemebis
Tanaxmad, ganviTarebis am tipis darRveva mosaxleobis daaxloe­
biT 2,5 _ 3%-Si gvxvdeba.
swavlis unaris darRveva ganisazRvreba ori kriteriumiT,
pirveli: pirovnebis inteleqtis done _ inteleqtis donis Se­
faseba xdeba inteleqtis sazomi, sxvadasxva tipis standartize­
buli testebis saSualebiT, romlebic pirovnebis gonebrivi Sesa­
Zleblobebis cifrobriv maCvenebels _ „aiqiu“ (IQ) koeficients
iZleva. swavlis unaris darRvevis dros, IQ maCvenebeli 70 qulaze
dabalia.

* dResdReobiT arsebobs swavlis unaris darRvevis mravali gansazRvreba. mo­

cemul saxelmZRvaneloSi swavlis unaris darRveva gonebrivi CamorCenilo­
bis sinonimad gamoiyeneba.

34
 Tavi I
gonebrivi CamorCenilobis meore kriteriums adaptaciuri
funqcionirebis xarisxis maCvenebeli warmoadgens. termini „adap­
taciuri funqcionireba` niSnavs, Tu ramdenad SeuZlia pirovnebas
yoveldRiuri cxovrebisaTvis saWiro moqmedebebis Sesruleba.
es SeiZleba iyos komunikaciuri, sayofacxovrebo unar-Cvevebi,
dasveneba, TviT-movla da TviT-momsaxureba, socialuri unar-
Cvevebi, aseve funqcionaluri akademiuri unarebi (kiTxva, wera,
maTematika). adaptaciuri qcevis Sefaseba specialuri kiTxva­
rebis saSualebiT xdeba. misi Sefaseba inteleqtis donis Sefase­
basTan SedarebiT bevrad rTulia, radgan bavSvebis qceva xSirad
sxvadasxva garemoSi gansxvavebulia. SesaZlebelia, rom adaptaci­
uri qcevis Sesafasebeli kiTxvaris monacemebiT, bavSvs ar hqondes
qcevis problemebi erT garemoSi, Tumca saskolo garemoSi Sesa­

swavlis unaris darRveva

Zlebelia aReniSnebebodes qcevis mniSvnelovani problemebi.
cnobilia, rom swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebi gan­
viTarebaSi igive safexurebsa da etapebs gadian, igive Tanmimdev­
robiT, rogorc maTi Tanatolebi, magram bevrad ufro nel temp­
Si. isini gacilebiT gvian aRweven ganviTarebis iseT mniSvnelovan
etapebs, rogoricaa siaruli, metyvelebis dawyeba, wera _ kiTxvis
aTviseba. msubuqi gonebrivi CamorCenilobis dros, zogjer diag­
nozis dasma ar xdeba bavSvis skolamdel dawesebulebaSi miyvana­
mde. xSirad bavSvebs problemebi aqvT socialur, funqcionalur
da akademiur sferoebSi, uWirT komunikacia. am bavSvebis warmate­
buli swavlebisaTvis aucilebelia vicodeT, Tu ra Taviseburebe­
biT xasiaTdebian isini informaciis gadamuSavebis, metyvelebis
ganviTarebisa da socialur _ emociuri unar-Cvevebis aTvisebis
TvalsazrisiT.

informaciis gadamuSavebis unari

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis erT-erT TvalsaC­
ino maxasiaTebels warmoadgens informaciis gadamuSavebis una­
ris ganviTarebis sirTule. maTi ganviTareba SeiZleba 3-6 klasis
doneze Seferxdes, gansakuTrebiT ki, metyvlebaze damokidebul
sagnebSi (kiTxva, istoria, ge­ografia). am bav­Svebis dasaxmareb­lad
aucilebelia gvesmodes, Tu rogor fiqroben, azrovneben isini.

35
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

maT umetesobas aqvs infor­

maciis centraluri gadamu­Sa­
vebis prob­lema, rac vlin­deba
infor­maciis kla­­­­­­­­­­­sifikaciis
siZ­­ne­leSi mex­­si­e­re­bis, msje­
lobisa da Se­fasebis gamoye­
nebiT. kla­­si­fi­kacia _ infor­
maciis organi­zeba _ rogorc
Cans, am bav­Sve­bis specifikur
problemas warmoadgens. sas-
kolo asakis bavSvebi sakma­
od swrafad swav­loben mniSv­
nelovani sag­nebisa Tu mov­
lenebis garkveul jgufebSi
gaerTianebas: magida, skami da
divani xdeba „aveji`; bali, vaSli da marwyvi _ „xili`. swavlis
unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebs naklebad SeuZliaT sagnebis
dajgufeba. maT, magaliTad, SeiZleba gauWirdeT matarebelsa da
manqanas Soris msgavsebis aRmoCena.
mexsierebis TvalsazrisiT, sirTules SeiZleba warmoadgen­
des rogorc dasamaxsovrebeli informaciis gamoyofa mTliani in­
formaciuli nakadidan, aseve damaxsovrebis strategiebis flo­
bisa da gamoyenebis nakleboba. kerZod, swavlis unaris darRvevis
mqone bavSvebi xSirad ar iyeneben gameorebas masalis ukeT dasa­
maxsovreblad, vinaidan maT umeteswilad xanmokle mexsierebis
moculoba aqvT Seviwrovebuli1 .

metyvelebis aTvisebisa da gamoyenebis unari

metyveleba adamianebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes miRwevas
war­­moadgens. mTeli Cveni cxovreba, gamocdileba metyvelebi­
Taa gaSualebuli. swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebSi me­
tyvelebis ganviTareba gavlenas axdens kognitur ganviTarebaze

* xanmokle mexsierebaSi informacia inaxeba ramdenime wuTis ganmavlobaSi da

xangrZliv mexsierebaSi informaciis gadasasvlelad erT-erT mniSvnelovan
strategias gameoreba warmoadgens. sazogadad, zrdasruli adamianias uSua­
lo mexsierebis moculobas 7+2 erTeuli warmoadgens.

36
 Tavi I
(gansakuTrebiT, azrovnebaze, dagegmvasa da msjelobaze), Tumca
kog­nituri ganviTarebac, Tavis mxriv, moqmedebs metyvelebis gan­
viTarebaze. swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis metyveleba
ganviTarebis igive etapebs gadis, rasac maTi Tanatolebis, magram,
bevrad nela. magaliTad, 5 wlis bavSvis metyveleba Sesabamisi iqne­
ba swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone 10 wlis bavSvis metyvelebis,
romlis gonebrivi asakic 5 wels Seesabameba.
Tumca arsebobs garkveuli variaciebi am zogad debulebaSic.
magaliTad, daunis sindromis mqone bavSvebis metyvelebis ganvi­
Tareba maT gonebriv ganviTarebaze ufro dabalia, maSin rodesac
viliamsis sindromis mqone bavSvebis metyveleba bevrad ukeTesia
maT kognitur ganviTarebasTan SedarebiT.

emociuri da socialuri unar-Cvevebis aTvisebis unari

swavlis unaris darRveva

socialuri adaptaciis xelisSemSlelad xSirad am bavSvebisT­
vis damaxasiaTebeli 2 niSani ganixileba: mimndobloba (siadvile,
romliTac es bavSvebi tyuvdebian) da gulubryviloba (araswori,
mcdari mtkicebebis danaxvis uunaroba), rac am bavSvebis kognitu­
ri ganviTarebis Taviseburebebidan gamomdinareobs. Sesabamisad,
mniSvnelovania vaswavloT am bavSvebs socialuri niSnebis identi­
fikacia da socialuri konteqstis Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebebis

37
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

miReba. aseve, socialuri adaptaciisaTvis mniSvnelovania iseTi

unar-Cvevebis swavleba, rogoricaa gaziareba (sakuTari nivTis
Txoveba sxvisTvis), rigis dacva, Rimili, mowesrigebuloba da sxva
saklaso Tu saskolo aqtivobebis da instruqciebis miyola.
swavlis unaris darRvevis xarisxi gansxvavebulia Tavisi
sim­Zimis mixedviT. swavlis unaris darRvevis diagnostikuri kri­
te­riumebi Camoyalibebulia diagnozebisa da statistikur sa­
xelm­ZRvaneloSi (DSM-IV)*, romlis mixedviTac, swavlis unaris
dar­Rveva klasificirdeba oTxi sxvadasxva xarisxiT: msubuqi, sa­
Sualo, mZime da Rrma.
swavlis unaris msubuqi darRveva
• IQ 50–dan 70–mde;
• moicavs swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone mosaxleobis 85 %-s;
• aRniSnuli kategoriis mqone pirebi xSirad iTviseben akade­
miur unarebs daaxloebiT me-6 klasis donemde, SeuZliaT da­
moukideblad cxovreba da axloblebisa da sazogadoebis dax­
marebas mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi saWiroeben.

swavlis unaris saSualo darRveva

• IQ 35–dan 50–mde;
• moicavs swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone mosaxleobis 10 %-s;
• aRniSnuli kategoriis mqone pirebi, xSirad komunikaciis
unar-Cvevebs euflebian adreul bavSvobaSi da garkveuli
zedamxedvelobis pirobebSi, axerxeben SedarebiT damoukide­
blad cxovrebas;

swavlis unaris mZime darRveva

• IQ 20–dan 35–mde;
• moicavs swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone mosaxleobis 3 dan 4
%-mde;
• aRniSnuli kategoriis mqone pirebs, xSirad SeuZliaT yo­
veldRiuri cxovrebisaTvis saWiro iseTi unar-Cvevebis aT­
viseba, rogoricaa magaliTad, dasufTaveba da Cacma. isini
yoveldRiur daxmarebas saWiroeben cxovrebis sxvadasxva
aspeqtebSi.

* DSM - IV - Mental Retavdation (gonebrivi CamorCeniloba)

38
 Tavi I
swavlis unaris Rrma darRveva
• IQ 20–ze naklebi;
• moicavs swavlis unaris darRvevis mosaxleobis 1 dan 2 %-mde;
• aRniSnuli kategoriis mqone pirebs, Sesabamisi treningi­
Ta da daxmarebiT, SeuZliaT yoveldRiuri cxovrebisaTvis
saWiro ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebis aTviseba, Tumca, maT SemTx­
vevaSi aucilebelia kargad organizebuli da struqturi­
rebuli sistematiuri zedamxedveloba. swavlis unaris Rrma
darRvevis mqone pirebs, aseve, xSirad axasiaTebT fsiqikuri
ganviTarebis sxva darRvevebic.

swavlis unaris darRvevis niSnebi

swavlis unaris darRvevis niSnebi, rogorc wesi, adreul asak­

swavlis unaris darRveva

Si vlindeba. xSirad swavlis unaris darRvevas Tan axlavs iseTi
simptomebic, rogoricaa agresia, TviT-saziano qceva, pirovnuli
aSlilobebi. bavSvis zrdasTan erTad, swavlis unaris darRvevis
saukeTeso maCvenebels, misi inteleqtisa da adaptaciuri funq­
cionirebis xarisxis Sefaseba warmoadgens. ZiriTadad, swavlis
unaris darRvevisTvis damaxasiaTebelia:
• asakisaTvis Seuferebeli qceva;
• axali informaciis Tu Cvevebis swavlis neli tempi;
• Cvevis an informaciis ganzogadebis sirTule;
• abstraqtuli azrovnebis ganviTarebis Zlieri CamorCena;
• cnobismoyvareobis nakleboba;
• sirTuleebi saskolo-saganmanaTleblo standartebis daZ­
levaSi.
qcevis normebis darRveva damokidebulia swavlis unaris dar­
Rvevis xarisxze. msubuq CamorCenilobas metad axasiaTebs cnobis­
moyvareobis nakleboba, xolo mZime CamorCenilobas asakisTvis
Seuferebeli qceva, rac mTeli cxovrebis manZilze grZeldeba.

swavlis unaris darRvevis gamomwvevi mizezebi

da risk-faqtorebi
swavlis unaris darRvevebis SemTxvevaTa erTi mesamedis ga­
momwvevi mizezi ucnobia. darCenili SemTxvevebis ori mesamedi ki

39
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos: memkvidreobiTi, prenataluri, peri­

nataluri problemebiT, bavSvobaSi gadatanili daavadebebiT an
garemo faqtorebis mavne zegavleniT.

genetikuri faqtorebi
swavlis unaris darRveva SemTxvevaTa 5% gamowveulia geneti­
kuri faqtorebiT, rogoricaa qromosomuli daavadebebi (magali­
Tad, daunis sindromi) da metabolizmis Tandayolili darRvevebi
(magaliTad, fenilketonuria). geni adamianis ujredSi arsebul
qimiur erTeuls warmoadgens, romelic ujreds „karnaxobs~, Tu
rogor unda „moiqces`. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, bavSvi memkvidreo­
biT iRebs mSoblis naklovan gens, romelmac SesaZlebelia gavle­
na iqonios bavSvis Tavis tvinis ganviTarebaze da swavlis unaris
darRveva gamoiwvios.

diagnostika
swavlis unaris darRvevis pirveladi diagnostika fiziku­ri
gasinjviTa da samedicino istoriis SedgeniT iwyeba. zogierT Sem­
TxvevaSi, pirveladi daavadebis drouli identifikaciis Sedegad
SesaZlebelia swavlis unaris darRvevis Tavidan acileba (preven­
cia). amis magaliTs warmoadgens hiperTireozi, e.w. „bazedovis daa­
vadeba`, romlis drosac farisebri jirkvali Warbi raodenobiT
gamoimuSavebs hormonebs. am daavadebis drouli diagnostirebisa
da mkurnalobis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia gonebrivi CamorCeni­
lobis Camoyalibebis Tavidan aci­leba. samedicino gamokvlevebis
garda, swavlis unaris darRvevis diagnostirebis aucilebel
Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens inteleqtis Sesafasebeli tes­
tebisa da adaptaciuri qcevebis Sesafasebeli gamokiTxvis Cata­
reba. maTi mizania ganisazRvros bavSvis inteleqtis koeficien­
ti da misi adaptaciuri funqcionirebis xarisxi. inteleqtis
Sesafaseblad yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba inteleqtis Sefasebis
veqsleris Skala (WISC-R) da kaufmanis bavSvTa Sefasebis batarea,
xolo adaptaciuri funqcionirebis xarisxis dadgena xdeba adap­
taciuri qcevebis Skalis (ABS) saSualebiT.

40
 Tavi I
saboloo diagnozisa da Semdgomi daxmarebis gansazRvra xdeba
profesionalTa jgufis mier (fsiqologi, okupaciuri Terapevti,
logopedi) bavSvisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis aqtiuri monawileobiT.

reabilitacia
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, zogierT SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia
swavlis unaris darRvevis Sedegebis Semcireba mizanmimarTuli
programebis saSualebiT. am saxis Terapiuli programebis mizania
daexmaros swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebs maqsimalurad
ganaviTaron inteleqtualuri da funqciuri unarebis done.
reabilitacia aseve moicavs ojaxur Terapiasac. misi mizania
daexmaros ojaxis wevrebs ukeT gaigon swavlis unaris darRvevis
buneba, gamoimuSavon is unar-Cvevebi, romlebic gansakuTrebuli

swavlis unaris darRveva

saWiroebis mqone bavSvTan urTierTobisas aris aucilebeli. sa­
survelia mSoblebma miiRon konsultaciebi, iseTi grZnobebis
dasaZlevad, rogoricaa sibraze da TviT dadanaSauleba.

grZelvadiani prognozi
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom swavlis unaris darRveva qroniku­
li mdgomareobaa, romelic ar ikurneba. grZelvadiani prognozi

41
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

sakmaod dadebiTia msubuqi da saSualo swavlis unaris darRve­

vis dros. sworad dagegmili da ganxorcielebuli daxmarebiT,
saganmanaTleblo, sazogadoebriv, socialur da profesiuli
gadamzadebis programebSi monawileobis gziT, am jgufis pirebi
garkveulwilad damoukidebelnic xdebian.
gacilebiT rTulia prognozis gakeTeba swavlis unaris dar­
Rvevis mZime da Rrma formis mqone pirebTan mimarTebaSi. Cveu­
lebriv, maTi sicocxlis xangrZlivoba gacilebiT moklea im sa­
medicino problemebidan gamomdinare, romelic xSirad mZime
gonebriv CamorCenilobas axlavs Tan.
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bevr bavSvs, dRes SesaZle­
bloba eZleva CarTuli iqnas zogadsaganmanaTleblo da spe­
cialur saganmanaTleblo saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, sadac isini
akademiur programebTan erTad, swavloben yoveldRiur sabaziso
Cvevebs, erTvebian socialur aqtivobebSi. maSin, rodesac bavSvebi
mozardobis asaks aRweven, mniSvnelovania maTTvis damoukidebe­
li cxovrebisa da muSaobis unar-Cvevebis swavleba. ra Tqma unda,
Catarebuli treningebi unda Seesabamebodes swavlis unaris dar­
Rvevis dones.

prevencia
swavlis unaris darRvevis mravali formis prevenciaa Sesa­
Zlebeli. fexmZime qalma Tavi unda Seikavos sigaretis mowevis­
gan, alkoholisa da nayofisTvis mavne medikamentebis miRebisgan.
droulad da sworad unda moxdes infeqciebis mkurnaloba. fexm­
Zimobisas, nayofisTvis saukeTeso garemos Sesaqmnelad, mniSv­
nelovan faqtors kargi kveba warmoadgens.
arsebobs mravali gza, romlis saSualebiTac bavSvebi SeiZleba
davicvaT swavlis unaris darRvevisgan, magaliTad, droulad Ca­
vutaroT acrebi, regularuli samedicino Semowmebebi, SevuqmnaT
travmebisgan maqsimalurad daculi garemo.

42
 Tavi I
1.4. swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis
swavlebisa da swavlis ZiriTadi
Taviseburebebi
swavla mecnierebis mier ganixileba, rogorc cvlileba ada­
mianis qcevaSi, romelic gamowveulia individis axali gamocdile­
biT da/an praqtikiT da imavdroulad ganpirobebuli pirovnebis
kanonzomieri ganviTarebiT da/an asakis matebiT. anu es aris pro­
cesi „ar codnis mdgomareobidan` „codnis mdgomarebisken` svli­
sa. daskvnis gakeTeba, praqtikisa da gamocdilebis Sdegad, aqvs Tu
ara adgili swavlas, pirovnebis qcevaze dakvirvebis Sedegad aris
SesaZlebeli. Sesabamisad, pedagogis mxridan, didi sifrTxilea
saWiro, raTa moswavleze dakvirvebis Sedegad, sworad ganisazRv­
ros swavlis ra dones miaRwia yovelma konkretulma moswavlem da

swavlis unaris darRveva

codnis dauflebis ra doneze unda gadavides is.
xSirad pedagogebi varaudoben, Tuki moswavlem SesZlo konkre­
tuli unaris gavarjiSeba an garkveuli sakiTxebis wvdoma (gageba),
gamarTlebulia dauyovnebliv swavlis axal safexurze gadasvla.
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebTan amgvari midgoma
xSirad naCqarevia, radgan xSirad, erTi SexedviT naswavli unarebi
ver qmnian myar safuZvels axali unarebis aTvisebisTvis da axali
codnis miRebisTvis.
amgvari warumateblobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, mniSvne­
lovania swavlis procesi gagrZeldes axali unaris SeZenis Semde­
gac, moxdes unaris gamoyenebaSi daostateba, ganxorcieldes una­
ris SenarCuneba, generalizeba da gamyareba.
normaluri ganviTarebis mqone moswavleebi axali codnis mi­
Rebisas, Cveulebriv, umtkivneulod gadian swavlis zemoT moy­
vanil safexurebs da xSirad generalizebas mizanmimarTuli ga­
varjiSebis gareSec aqvs adgili; maSin, rodesac swavlis unaris
darRvevis mqone moswavleebTan mniSvnelovania swavlis yoveli
safexuris guldasmiT gavla da mizanmimarTuli muSaoba, raTa
ganxorcieldes:
axali unaris aTviseba; generalizeba;
unarSi daostateba; adaptacia.
unaris SenarCuneba;

43
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

axali unaris aTviseba

axali unaris aTviseba aris swavlis procesi, romlis drosac
individi ecnoba misTvis aqamde axal informacias, unars da mis

ganxorcielebas gamocdilebaSi nergavs. axali unaris asaTvise­

blad, swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebTan, gansa­
kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania unaris swavla uSualo praqtikiTa da
gamocdilebiT xorcieldebodes. unaris praqtikaSi gamoyenebas,
sasurvelia, paralelurad, detaluri instruqciebi axldes da
is Sesabamis garemoSi xorcieldebodes. am safexurze, axali cod­
nis miRebis warmatebas, saswavli masalis Rirebuleba da mniSvn­
eloba ufro gansazRvravs, vidre misi simartive. am safexurze,
aseve mniSvnelovania detaluri ukukavSiris uzrunvelyofa mo­
swavlisTvis Sesrulebuli axali aqtivobis Taobaze. swavlis am
safexurze, intensiuri instruqciebis, praqtikis, superviziis da
ukukavSiris Sedegad, moswavle 50 %-ani sixSiridan 85 % sixSiriT
unda axerxebdes axali unaris warmatebiT gamoyenebas. mxolod
amis Semdeg CaiTvleba swavlis es safexuri warmatebiT ganvlilad
da unaris gasavarjiSebad swavlis axal safexurze gagrZeldeba
muSaoba.

44
 Tavi I
unarSi daostateba da avtomatizireba
swavlis am safexurze xorcieldeba unaris avtomatizireba
da misi Seuferxebeli gamoyenebis swavla. codnis aTvisebis am
safexuris warmatebisTvis, mniSvnelovani da gadamwyvetia inten­
siuri praqtika. praqtikisa da cdebis raodenoba gansxvavebulia
yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi da damokidebulia moswavlis zogad
da specifikur unarebsa da swavlebis ganvlil etapze. moswavlee­
bi gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiareni arian swavlis am safexurze da
xSiria warumatebloba intensiuri praqtikis gareSe.

unaris SenarCuneba
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebTan axali codnis

swavlis unaris darRveva

aTvisebisas, gadamwyvetia aTvisebuli unari ar daikargos da ar
gaqres, rasac xSirad aqvs adgili Tuki pedagogi Sewvets unarze
intensiur muSaobas da mizanmimarTuli ganmtkicebis gamoyenebas.
unari xSirad SesaZlebelia gaqres xanmokle pauzis Sedegadac,
gamowveuli moswavlis avadmyofobiT an saskolo ardadegebiT.
unaris SesanarCuneblad, pirvel rigSi mniSvnelovania intensi­
uri praqtika, rasac Semdeg unaris realur konteqsSti gamoyeneba
da Sesabamisi ukukavSiri unda moyves. pedagogebsa da mSoblebs,
yovelTvis unda axsovdeT, rom Tuki ar moxdeba unaris funqciur
da Sesabamis garemoSi gamoyenebis waxaliseba, unari gaqreba, ra
intensiuri da mizanmimarTuli praqtikis Sedegadac ar unda iyos
is aTvisebuli da TiTqosda mtkiced naswavli.

generalizeba
generalizebis safexuris mizania, moswavlem SesZlos aTviseb­
uli unaris sxvadasxva situaciebSi, garemosa da droSi gamoyeneba.
swavlis Semdeg, sasurvelia unaris mravalferovnad gamoyenebis
waxaliseba. generalizebis safexuri imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom
mis gareSe swavlis procesi warmatebulad da dasrulebulad ver
CaiTvleba. generalizebis mizania moswavlem amoicnos Sesabamisi
stimuli da masze aTvisebuli unariT moaxdinos reagireba. anu,
Tuki moswavle martiv ariTmetikul magaliTebs klasSi warmate­

45
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

biT axorcielebs, man unda SesZlos igive operaciis maRaziaSi

nivTis yidvisas Sesruleba.
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebTan xSirad erT
garemoSi naswavli unaris axal garemoSi meqanikurad gadatana da
gamoyeneba ar xdeba, Tuki am unaris gamoyeneba mizanmimarTulad
ar gavarjiSda da waxalisda axal situaciaSi. saWiro stimulis
an pedagogis mxridan karnaxis gareSe, swavlis unaris darRvevis
mqone moswavleebi xSirad ver amoicnoben Sesabamis kavSirs situ­
aciasa da unars Soris da ar iyeneben erT situaciaSi naswavl da
xSirad sakmaod ganmtkicebul unars axal situaciaSi.
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebTan unaris ganmt­
kiceba iSviaTad xdeba avtomaturad. Tavdapirvelad, maswavlebe­
lis da/an mSoblis movaleobaa gaacnos moswavles, rogor aris
SesaZlebeli arsebuli unaris gamoyeneba axal situaci­aSi. zogi­
erTi pedagogi, swavlis sawyis safexurzeve mniSvne­lovnad miiC­
nevs unaris sxvadasxva konteqstSi gamoyenebas da gavarjiSebas.

46
 Tavi I
adaptacia
swavlis am ukanasknel safexurs adgili aqvs Tuki moswavle
axerxebs aTvisebuli unaris saxecvlili gziT axal situaciaSi
Sesabamisi karnaxis gareSe gamoyenebas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki stim­
uli, romelic naswavli unaris gamoyenebas bunebrivad moiTxovs,
gansxvavdeba stimulebisgan im garemoSi, sadac swavleba mimdi­
nareobda, maSin moswavlis qcevac mniSvnelovan saxecvlilebas
moiTxovs. am SemTxvevaSi bazisuri unari igivea, gansxvavebulia
misi gamoyenebis manera. swavlis wina safexurebis warmatebiT
dasrulebis SemTxvevaSi, moswavle Tavad ergeba situacias, Tumca
am safexurze, Tavdapirvelad, pedagogis mxridan karnaxi da wax­
aliseba xSirad sasargebloa.
unda aRiniSnos, rom swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone yvela

swavlis unaris darRveva

moswavle ver axerxebs swavlis am safexurze gadasvlas.

naswavli ususuroba
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebisas, erT-
erT mniSvnelovan gasaTvaliswinebel faqtors pedagogTa mxri­
dan Carevis da daxmarebis donis sworad gansazRvra warmoadgens.
mniSvnelovania aseve, davalebis sirTulis mixedviT sworad Ser­
Cevac. gadaWarbebuli mzrunveloba an rTuli davaleba, xSirad
moswavles umtkicebs gancdas imisa, rom pedagogis da damxmare
piris gareSe davaleba dauZlevelia, xolo Tavad is mudmivad
warumatebeli. am fenomens naswavl ususurobas uwodeben. xSirad,
es mdgomareoba xdeba mizezi imisa, rom moswavle uars ambobs da­
moukideblad muSaobaze, maSinac ki, rodesac unari da konteqsti
misTvis sakmaod nacnobi da misaRebia. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac
moswavle uCveulo mijaWvulobas iCens damxmare pirebis mimarT,
rutinasa da Cvevebs imuSavebs da uars acxadebs umniSvnelo cvli­
lebebzec ki. mas eqmneba gancda, rom is damoukideblad garemoSi
adekvatur da swor reagirebas ver gamoiwvevs da Secdomas dauS­
vebs. yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT mniSvnelovania, pedagogis
mxridan daxmarebis done, intensivoba da xangrZlivoba sworad
iqnes Sereuli da maqsimalurad droulad waxalisdes moswavlis
aqtiuri da damoukidebeli CarTuloba axali aqtivobis ganxor­
cielebis procesSi.

47
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone
Tavi II
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba
bavSvebis swavleba erovnul saswavlo
gegmaze dayrdnobiT

2.1. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis arsi

saqarTvelos zogadi ganaTlebis sistema miznad isaxavs iseTi

saskolo sistemis Seqmnas, romelic TiToeul moswavles miscems
codnis miRebisa da ganviTarebis Tanabar SesaZleblobebs da ar
dauSvebs moswavlis diskriminacias socialuri, rasobrivi, fizi­
kuri SesaZleblobebis Tu sxva niSnis mixedviT.
amasTan, ganaTlebis sistema miznad isaxavs, Seqmnas xelsayre­
li pirobebi mozardis gonebrivi da fizikuri unar-Cvevebis gan­
viTarebisTvis, saWiro codnis miRebisTvis, jansaRi cxovrebis
wesis damkvidrebisTvis, ojaxis, sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos
winaSe sakuTari ufleba-movaleobebis gacnobierebisTvis.
mozardis zemoT aRwerili unar-Cvevebis uzrunvelyofisT­
vis, zogadi ganaTlebis sistema xelmZRvanelobs da nergavs swav­
lebis sruliad axal principebs, romlis mixedviTac:
• s
aganmanaTleblo procesis centrSi dgas TiToeuli moswav­
le da miRweuli Sedegi;
• g
aTvaliswinebulia moswavlis fizikuri da fsiqikuri Se­
saZleblobebi da asakTan Sesaferisi interesebi;
• s
wavla niSnavs informaciis, unar-Cvevebis da damokidebule­
bebis ganviTarebas;
• m
Tavari orientiri xdeba ara codnis odenoba, aramed xa­
risxi.
saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqisTvis sapasuxismgeblo zoga­di
ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi da amocanebi asaxulia erovnul
saswavlo gegmaSi (kurikulumSi). masSi erovnul miznebTan er­Tad,
gansazRvrulia mozardisTvis gadasacemi saWiro infor­maciis
odenoba da Sesabamisi unar-Cvevebi TiToeuli safe­xu­­ris dam­
Tavrebisas, codnis ganviTarebis zogadi xerxebi, da­­zustebulia
moswavleTa datvirTvis aucilebeli odenoba da miTiTebulia
prioritetuli sagnebi saskolo ganaTlebis yvela safexurze.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobriv programebSi aRwerilia is
savaldebulo moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda akmayofilebdes yove­

48
 Tavi II
li moswavle TiToeuli klasis dasrulebis Semdeg. es moTxovnebi
TiToeuli mimarTulebisTvis Sedegebisa da indikatorebis saxi­
Taa Camoyalibebuli.

2.2. swavlis sirTuleebis mqone moswavleTa

ganaTleba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
farglebSi
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleTa ga­

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis swavleba erovnul

naTleba, rogorc prioriteti 2004 wlidan iqna aRiarebuli. amiT,
saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sistemam aiRo valdebuleba swavlis
unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTaTvis uzrunvelyos xarisxiani
ganaTleba erTian saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi da Seqmnas xelsayre­
li pirobebi zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis misaRwevad.
ramdenadac zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis miRwevis

saswavlo gegmaze dayrdnobiT

ZiriTad saSualebas erovnuli saswavlo gegma warmoadgens, xolo
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleTa ga­
naTleba igive miznebis miRwevas emsaxureba, aucilebelia maTi
swavleba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis gaTvaliswinebiT xorciel­
debodes. amiT, saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone pirebsac TviT­
realizaciis da warmatebis iseTive pirobebi mieceT, rogorc
saqarTvelos sxva moqalaqeebs.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis gamoyenebiT, saganmanaTleblo sis­
tema SesZlebs swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebisTvis
xarisxiani ganaTlebis miRebis uzrunvelyofas, im codnis gadace­
mas da unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas, rac maT sakuTari potencia­
lis srul realizebaSi daexmareba da cxovrebis maRali xarisxis
gancdas mianiWebs.
erTiani saswavlo gegma aris saukeTeso saSualeba WeSmaritad
inkluziuri ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofisTvis.
am midgomis Tanaxmad, yvela sajaro skolis moswavlisTvis
unda arsebobdes erTi gansazRvruli (miznad dasaxuli, dokumen­
tirebuli) saswavlo gegma, romliTac ixelmZRvanelebs pedagogi
ganurCevlad yvela moswavlesTan.
Sesabamisad, miuxedavad moswavlis saganmanaTleblo saWi­ro­
ebebisa, pedagogis upirvelesi intencia, survili unda iyos ga­

49
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

naviTaros da gaaZlieros moswavle im ZiriTad da prioritetul

sakiTxebSi, rac erovnuli saganmanaTleblo miznebiT aris gansaz­
Rvruli. is unda cdilobdes, rac SeiZleba metad mi­uaxloos mo­
swavle gaTvaliswinebul saswavlo Sedegebs, radgan sjera, rom
dadgenili saswavlo gegma moswavlisTvis yvela mniSvnelovan
saswavlo aspeqts moicavs. Sesabamisad, swavlis unaris darRvevis
mqone moswavleTa swavlebisas, maTi saswavlo gegma maqsimalurad
imave SinaarsiT unda iyos datvirTuli, rac erovnuli saswavlo
gegmiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
arsebuli Tanamedrove midgomiT, erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT
swavlebisas, maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos moswavlis in­
teresebi, misi individualuri SesaZleblobebi, unda gauwios anga­
riSi moswavleTa cxovrebisul gamocdilebas da moswavleTa swav­
lebisas erovnuli saswavlo gegmidan maTTvis yvelaze aqtualur
saswavlo miznebze unda gaakeTos aqcenti. maswavlebelma, Tavisi
moswavleebis saWiroebis gaTvaliswinebiT, unda gaaanalizos maTi
potencialis srulad realizebisTvis, damoukidebeli cxovrebis
maqsimaluri donis miRwevisTvis ra saswavlo Sedegebis miRwevaa
pirveladi mniSvnelobis, Sesabamisad, ra unda iswavlebodes da ra
intensivobiT.

50
 Tavi II
imavdroulad, dasaSvebia, moswavleTa swavlebis procesSi,
mas­wavlebelma gadaxedos saswavlo gegmas da moswavlisTvis da/
an moswavleTa gundis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT xelaxla
dagegmos is. mTavaria maswavlebelma sworad gansazRvros Tu ra
saswavlo mizania am konkretuli moswavlisTvis misi pirovnu­
li faqtorebis da samomavlo cxovrebiseuli miznebis gaTval­
iswinebiT prioritetuli.
erovnuli saswavlo gegma iZleva saSualebas, rom maswavlebel­

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis swavleba erovnul

ma Tavad gansazRvros pirveladi, meoreuli, mesameuli mniSvnelo­
bis saswavlo Sedegebi konkretuli saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavlisTvis da daazustos miznebis Tanmimdevroba sas­
wavlo gegmis farglebSi.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom erovnuli saswavlo gegmis fargleb­Si,
maswavlebelma unda gansazRvros, Tu ra iqneba moswavlis­Tvis

saswavlo gegmaze dayrdnobiT

yvelaze Sesaferisi saswavlo programa. maswavlebeli azus­tebs da
erovnuli saswavlo gegmidan irCevs, saganmanaTleblo saWiroe­
bis gaTvaliswinebiT, moswavlisTvis aqtualur misaRwev Sedegebs
da gansazRvravs miznis miRwevis (codnis gadacemis, unaris ga­
varjiSebis) gzebs. dazustebuli saswavlo geg­mis farglebSi deta­
lurad igegmeba maswavleblis swavlebis strategiebi da saswavlo
aqtivobebi (saklaso da saSinao), gamoyenebuli masala, saxelmZR­
vaneloebi. imavdroulad zustdeba dro, romelsac maswavlebeli
dauTmobs SerCeul mizans, aqtivobas Tu masalas. maswavlebeli
cdilobs ufro specifikuri gaxados saswavlo gegma moswavlisT­
vis da masSi asaxos yvela mniSvnelovani saswavlo mizani.
Tuki, moswavlis saganmanaTleblo procesis dagegmva am per­
speqtividan moxdeba, es diskretuli da izolirebuli miznebis
dasaxvisgan daicavs pedagogs da mis moswavles. maswavlebelma,
mniSvnelovania gaiTvaliswinos erovnuli saswavlo gegma moswav­
lisTvis individualuri saswavlo gegmis Sedgenisas, radgan Seu­
Zlebelia izolirebulad dasaxuli miznebiT inkluziuri sagan­
manaTleblo procesis uzrunvelyofa.
xSirad moswavlis pirovnuli faqtorebi aucilebels xdis mo­
swavlisTvis saswavlo programaSi arsebobdes damatebiTi mizne­bi,
romlebic erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi naklebad aris xazgasmuli, ma­

51
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

gram mniSvnelovania moswavlis pirovnuli ganviTarebisTvis. xSir

SemTxvevaSi, swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebTan, aseTi
miznebi yoveldRiuri unarebis gaumjobesebiT ganisazRvreba.

2.3. swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone

moswavleTa swavlebis tradiciuli modeli
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleTa
ganaTlebis farTod gavrcelebuli modelis Tanaxmad, moswavlis
efeqtur saswavlo CarTulobas, misi pirovnuli unarebis gaTval­
iswinebiT Sedgenili individualuri saswavlo gegma warmoadgens.
saswavlo gegma, moswavlis Sefasebis Sedegebs, mis Zlier da sust
mxareebs efuZneba da wliuri miznebi, amocanebi Tu strategiebi
am deficitis Semcirebisken aris mimarTuli. amgvarad formire­
buli saswavlo gegma, mxolod pirovnuli deficitis gaTval­
iswinebiT aris Sedgenili da xSirad dasaxuli saswavlo miznebi,
izolirebuli pirovnuli unarebis treinings gulisxmobs, rasac
araferi aqvs saerTo saswavlo gegmasTan, romliTac xdeba maTi
Tanatolebis swavleba. Sesabamisad, amgvarad formulirebuli
saswavlo gegma, ar iwvevs swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswav­
lis WeSmarit inkluzias saswavlo procesSi da imTaviTve uzrun­
velyofs daSvebas, rom specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavleebi ver miaRweven im saswavlo miznebs da amocanebs,
romlebic erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
Sesabamisad, erovnuli sawavlo gegmisgan izolirebulad, mxo­
lod moswavlis pirovnuli unarebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seqmnilma
saswavlo gegmam SesaZlebelia ar Seuqmnas moswavles „pirobebi
informaciis mopovebisa da im unar-Cvevebisa Tu damokidebule­
bebis gasanviTareblad, romlebic mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi
dasWirdeba~. (dawyebiTi ganaTlebis ZiriTadi amocana). Sedegad
ki, izolirebulad gavarjiSebuli da/an ganviTarebuli unari
yalibdeba, romlis ganzogadeba da Sesabamis garemoSi adeqvatu­
ri gamoyeneba ver xerxdeba.
axlad damkvidrebuli midgomis Tanaxmad, individualuri sas­
wavlo gegma aris saSualeba, raTa moswavlis swavleba erov­nuli
saswavlo gegmis farglebSi moxdes da amiT uzrunvelyos WeSmari­
ti CarTuloba zogadsaganmanaTleblo saswavlo procesSi.

52
 Tavi II
am modelis Tanaxmad, moswavlis individualuri saswavlo
gegma efuZneba moswavlis funqcionirebis donis (codnis da una­
rebis) Sefasebas saganmanaTleblo kurikulumTan mimarTebaSi.
indi­vidualur gegmaSi ki xdeba im saWiro RonisZiebebis (akomoda­
ciebisa da modifikaciebis) gansazRvra, rac moswavles saswavlo
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul miznebis miRwevaSi daexmareba.

2.4. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moqniloba

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis swavleba erovnul

erovnuli saswavlo gegma moqnili dokumentia da iZleva Sesa­
Zleblobas swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTaTvis sas­
wavlo procesis dagegmvisas, maswavlebeli iyos orientirebuli
ara standartulad mocemuli yvela Sedegis miRwevaze, aramed,
individualur moswavlesa da konkretulad mis­Tvis dasaxul
miznebze.

saswavlo gegmaze dayrdnobiT

erovnuli saswavlo gegma iZleva SesaZleblobas gaTvali­wi­
nebuli iyos moswavlis fizikuri da fsiqikuri Taviseburebebi da
asakTan Sesaferisi interesebi; iyos wamyvani ara codnis odenoba,
aramed codnis xarisxi; swavlebis procesSi gamoyenebul iqnas ara
erTi konkretuli strategia da midgoma, aramed moswavlesTan er­
Tad SerCeuli optimaluri varianti.
am principebze dayrdnobiT, maswavlebels eZleva ufleba,
erovnuli gegmis farglebSi, moswavlisTvis individualurad
gansazRvros:
- saswavlo Sedegi da indikatori;
- saswavlo masala;
- swavlisTvis gankuTvnili dro;
- swavlebis strategia;
- saswavlo ganrigi;
- Sefasebis strategia;
- saswavlo garemo (swavleba mcire jgufSi, individualurad,
wyvilSi da a.S.);
- profesionalTa jgufi (pedagogi, spec.pedagogi an fsi­qo­
logi);
maswavlebeli ar unda SeuSindes gansxvavebulobas moswavle­-
Ta swavlebis procesSi. mniSvnelovania, rom moswavlisTvis gan­

53
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

sxvavebuli saswavlo gegmis SemuSavebisas maswavleblis yoveli

gadawyvetileba iyos argumentirebuli, adekvaturad dasabuTe­
buli da imavdroulad, efuZnebodes ara subieqtur msjelobas,
aramed profesionalTa SeTanxmebul xedvas.
moswavlisTvis individualuri saswavlo gegmis SemuSavebi­
sas, maswavlebelma, mTavaria, Tavis saxelmZRvanelod gamoiyenos
erovnuli saswavlo gegma, daamuSaos, gaaanalizos masSi mocemuli
saswavlo Sedegebi da profesionalebTan SeTanxmebis safuZvelze,
SearCios moswavlisTvis yvelaze optimaluri, Tundac SerCeuli
Sedegi standartulad gansxvavebuli safexurisTvis iyos gaweri­
li da erTi SexedviT Seusabamod gamoiyurebodes.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmidan miznebis SerCevis procesSi, mas­
wavlebeli da profesionalTa gundi mSoblis TanamonawileobiT,
unda xelmZRvanelobdes Semdegi kriteriumebiT:
- misaRwevi Sedegi unda iyos mniSvnelovani da sasargeblo swav­­
lis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavlisTvis;
- misaRwevi Sedegi unda iyos SerCeuli moswavlis ganviTare­bis
donis da asakobrivi interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
- unda arsebobdes Sedegis warmatebiT miRwevis didi albaToba;

54
 Tavi II
- misaRwevi Sedegi unda iyos mniSvnelovani saswavlo sag­nis
farglebSi.
moswavlisTvis saswavlo procesis dagegmvisas, mTavaria vix­
elmZRvaneloT principiT, rom skolaSi unda moxdes moswavlis
yvela prioritetuli saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis dakmayofi­
leba skolis resursebisa da saswavlo gegmis farglebSi.
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleTaT­
vis saswavlo procesis dagegmvisas, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis swavleba erovnul

moswavlis swavlebis xangrZlivi gegmis SemuSaveba iZens.
maswavlebeli, SesaZloa, Tanmimdevrulad ki ar miyvebodes
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi standartulad mocemul
miznebs, aramed irCevdes moswavlisTvis prioritetulebs. ami­
tom aucilebelia maswavlebelma saswavlo miznebi garkveul per­
speqtivaSi gaaanalizos da am miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT, droSi
gawerili gegma Seadginos. anu, drois garkveuli etapisTvis miz­

saswavlo gegmaze dayrdnobiT

nis gansazRvris paralelurad, maswavlebelma unda icodes am miz­
nis miRwevis Semdeg, kidev ra mizani an miznebi iqneba misaRwevi da
prioritetuli.
am perspeqtiviT dagegmili saswavlo procesi daicavs maswav­
lebels moswavlis unarebis izolirebulad ganviTarebisgan, mo­
swavles ki gauadvilebs gansxvavebul droSi miRebuli codnis
gamTlianebas.
grZelvadiani gegma daexmareba maswavlebels:
- gaiTvaliswinos moswavlis specifikuri interesebi da sa­
Wiroebebi;
- gaiTvaliswinos mxolod is standarti da indikatori, ro­
melic mniSvnelovnad ganisazRvra moswavlisTvis;
- gansazRvros misaRwevi Sedegebis Tanmimdevroba, rome­lic
Sesabamisia moswavlisTvis;
- garkveuli Temebis Seswavla moxdes siRrmiseulad, gark­
veulis ki SedarebiT zedapirulad;
- prioritetulad gansazRvrul miznebs sakmarisi dro da­
eTmos;
- moxdes regularuli koncentrireba (dabruneba) im priori­
tetul unarebze, romlebic regularul, xSir praqtikasa da swav­
las saWiroeben.

55
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

2.5. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi

diferencirebis SesaZleblobebi
• swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTaTvis saswavlo
gegmis Sedgenisas, maswavlebels aqvs ufleba, gansxvavebuli sa­
fexuridan gansxvavebuli saswavlo Sedegebi SearCios da maTi miR­
wevisTvis izrunos. es dasaSvebs xdis, rom erT klasSi maswavlebe­
li moswavleTa garkveul jgufs, maTi pirovnuli Taviseburebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, pirveli safexuris saswavlo miznebis Sesabam­
isad aswavlides, moswavleTa garkveul jgufs ki sxva safexuris
Sesabamis miznebs urCevdes.
• maswavlebels aqvs ufleba moswavlis grZelvadian gegmaSi
garkveul miznebs tovebdes, radganac Seusabamod miiCnevdes
konkretul moswavlesTan mimarTebaSi. maswavlebeli ar unda
SeuSindes albaTobas, rom moswavlem konkretuli safexurisTvis
gansazRvruli yvela Sedegi SesaZlebelia ver dasZlios. maswav­
lebels mudam unda axsovdes Semdegi mniSvnelovani principi: mTa­
varia codnis xarisxi da ara odenoba.
• erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi diferencirebis Se­
saZlebloba, maswavlebels aZlevs saSualebas mizanze muSaoba
ma­Sinac ki gaagrZelos, rodesac moswavle Semdeg safexurze ga­
dadis da erTi SexedviT, mas am mizanze koncentrireba standar­
tuli midgomiT aRar unda moeTxovebodes. ase moswavles eZleva
saSualeba gaiwafos misTvis prioritetul unarebSi, siRrmiseu­
lad daeuflos da ganamtkicos isini, paralelurad ki garkveuli
Temebis Sesaxeb, mxolod zedapiruli informacia da gamocdileba
SeiZinos.
• miznebis gansazRvris Semdeg, mniSvnelovania indikatorebis
formulirebac.
igive msjelobaze dayrdnobiT, pedagogs eZleva ufleba mo­
swavlisTvis individualurad gansazRvros Sedegis Sesamowme­
beli indikatori. maswavlebelma SesaZlebelia moswavlisTvis
dasaxuli mizani miRweulad miiCnios, miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela
indikatori ar iyos saxeze. moswavles aqvs ufleba yvela indika­
tori ar daakmayofilos. maswavlebeli Tavad gansazRvravs mo­

56
 Tavi II
swavlisTvis indikators da mis raodenobas. metic, maswavlebels
SeuZlia Seamsubuqos indikatorSi warmodgenili moTxovnebi, anu
gaamartivos isini.
indikatorebis SerCevisas, maswavlebelma da momuSave gundma,
mSobelTan erTad unda gaaanalizos yoveli indikatori, Seafasos
misi mniSvneloba konkretuli moswavlisTvis da masze dayrdno­
biT gadawyvitos, gamodgeba Tu ara is Sedegebis gansazRvrisTvis.
• moswavlisTvis optimaluri saswavlo gegmis Sesaqmnelad,

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis swavleba erovnul

erovnuli gegmidan Sesabamisi saswavlo Sedegebis SerCevis para­
lelurad, xSirad, aucilebelia moswavlisTvis damatebiTi sas­
wavlo Sedegebis gansazRvra, romlebic saswavlo gegmaSi ar aris
mocemuli.
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlee­
bisTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens saswavlo miznebi,

saswavlo gegmaze dayrdnobiT

romelic cxovrebiseuli unarebis SeZenas da gaZlirebas gulisx­
mobs. aseTi unarebia:
- fulis menejmenti;
- usafrTxo cxovrebis wesi;
- Sesabamisi pirovnuli urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba;
- droSi, adgilsa da sivrceSi orientacia;
- piradi higienis dacva;
- yoveldRiuri cxovrebis aqtivobebi da a.S.
xSirad, sxvadasxva qveynis saswavlo gegmebSi aRniSnuli miz­­
nebi saswavlo kurikulumSi gafantulad, sxvadasxva sagnis farg­
lebSi aris mocemuli. maswavleblebs ki, moswavlis indivi­dualur
saswavlo gegmaSi, maTze koncentrireba da maTi wamyvan saswavlo
miznebad ganxilva uwevT.
Sesabamisad, pedagogebi da skolis administracia, swavlis
sirTuleebis mqone moswavleTa jgufisTvis saswavlo gegmis da­
zustebis dros, aqcents erovnuli saswavlo gegmis im miznebze
akeTeben, romlebic miznad isaxaven moswavlisTvis Semdegi sfe­
roebis ganviTarebas:
- pirovnuli, socialuri da emociuri ganviTareba;
- komunikacia, metyveleba da marTlwera;
- maTematikuri unarebi;

57
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

- codna samyaros Sesaxeb (wvdoma);

- kreatuloba;
- fizikuri ganviTareba.
• SesaZlebelia erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi gan­
sazRvruli miznebis paralelurad, damatebiTi Terapiuli miz­
nebis dazusteba da gansazRvra. ase skola SesZlebs moswav­lis da
swavlisadmi integrirebuli midgomis gamoyenebas, rad­gan xSirad,
moswavlesTan garkveuli progresis uzrunvelyofisTvis, SeuZle­
beli xdeba Terapiuli da samedicino miznebis saganmanaTleblo
da saswavlo miznebisgan damoukideblad gan­xilva.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi, mniSvnelovania moswav­
lisTvis Seqmnili diferencirebuli saswavlo gegma iyos dabalan­
sebuli da masSi adekvaturad gadanawildes aqcentebi erovnuli
saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul miznebsa da moswavlisTvis
individualurad gansazRvrul damatebiT miznebs Soris. prior­
itetuli miznebis gansazRvris Semdeg, savaldebulo da damatebiT
miznebs Soris saWiro balansis SesanarCuneblad, mniSvnelovania
ganisazRvros Semdegi sakiTxebi:
- romel miznebs sWirdeba regularuli muSaoba, ra sixSiriT
da intensivobiT;
- ra specifikuri dagegmareba sWirdeba mizanze muSaobas;
- rogor unda aisaxos es moswavlis cxrilsa da ganrigSi;
- SemdgomSi romel miznebze gagrZeldeba muSaoba.

58
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone
moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
Tavi III
xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

3.1. ZiriTadi principebi swavlis unaris

darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis
procesSi

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis pro­

cesSi maswavlebelma, moswavleTaTvis xarisxiani ganaTlebis uz­
runvelyofis mizniT, Semdegi ZiriTadi principebiT unda ixelmZ­
Rvanelos:
- unda uzrunvelyos axali unarebis ganviTareba;
- unda uzrunvelyos axali informaciis xelmisawvdomoba;
- unda uzrunvelyos saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisoba moswav­-
lis asakTan da unarebTan;
- unda uzrunvelyos SeZenili unarebis funqciuri gamoyene­-
bis waxaliseba.

axali unarebis ganviTareba

moswavlisTvis axali gamowvevis dasaxva da amiT axali una­
ris ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa, maswavleblis ZiriTad samuSao
mizans warmoadgens. Tumca, uSedegoa unarebis izolire­bulad
ganviTareba, Tuki ar moxdeba maTi generalizacia da bunebrivad
asaxva sxvadasxva aqtivobebsa da sagakveTilo procesSi. amis gaT­
valiswinebiT, erovnuli saswavlo gegma did mniSvnelobas ani­
Webs erT konteqstSi naswavli da gavarjiSebuli unaris sxva kon­
teqstSi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas. ase, SesaZlebeli xdeba erT
specifikur saganSi naswavli unariT, moswavlem SesZlos sxva sa­
gnis ufro kompleqsur aqtivobebSi monawileobis miReba.
aqve mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom swavlis unaris darRvevis
mqone moswavleebTan unarebis ganviTareba SesaZlebelia sulac
ar gulisxmobdes axali unaris SeZenas. xSir SemTxvevaSi arsebu­
li unaris spontanurad an regularulad, TavdajerebiT da moqni­
lad gamoyeneba axal situaciaSi an ucnob pirebTan, aris unaris
arsebobis dasturi.

59
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

imavdroulad, rig SemTxvevebSi, moswavlis mier unaris Senar­

Cuneba (da ar daviwyeba, dakargva garkveuli periodis Semdeg), aris
progresis da moswavlis ganviTarebis samarTliani maCvenebeli.

axali informaciis xelmisawvdomoba

axali unarebis Tanmimdevrulad ganviTarebis paralelurad,
maswavleblis sazrunavs swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswav­
lisTvis codnis da informaciis arealis gafarToveba unda war­
moadgendes. miuxedavad swavlis sirTuleebisa, maswavlebels
unda axsovdes, rom moswavles aqvs ufleba miiRos yvela saWiro
informacia, raTa SesaZleblobis farglebSi, moemzados zrdas­
ruli da damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis.
Sesabamisad, Tuki dawyebiT safexurze, moswavle iRebs infor­
macias mcenareTa da cxovelTa gamravlebisa da maTi STamomav­
lobis Sesaxeb, sabazo safexurze (Tineijerobis periodis dad­
gomisas), moswavles, Sesabamisad, unda miewodos informacia
ada­­mianis fizikuri da emociuri cvlilebebis Sesaxeb asakis mate­
basTan mimarTebaSi.

saswavlo miznebis
Sesabamisoba moswavlis asakTan da una­rebTan
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebs aqvT ufleba miiRon
axali informacia maTi asakis Sesabamis konteqstSi. rasakvirvelia,
swavlis sirTuleebis mqone moswavleebTan, Tineijerobis asakis
dadgomis mi­uxedavad, xSirad intensiurad xdeba marTlwe­ris un­
arebis ganviTare­baze muSaoba, magram gaumarTlebelia am unarebis
gavarjiSeba asakisTvis Seusabamo teq­stebis, martivi winasaskolo
asakis moswavleTaTvis gansazRvruli Sinaarsebis gamoyenebiT. am
SemTxvevaSi, marTlweris ga­­varjiSebisTvis teqstis SerCevisas,
mniSvnelovania gaTvalis­winebuli iyos moswavlis asakis Tavise­
burebebi da misi bunebrivi interesebi ama Tu im sakiTxis mimarT.
teqstis sirTule ki unda SeirCes moswavlis leqsikuri maragis da
marTlweris arsebuli unarebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
Tumca, es mosazreba ar gamoricxavs SemTxvevebs, rodesac mo­
swavlisTvis am asakobrivi jgufisgan gansxvavebuli da da­bali

60
 Tavi III
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad
asakobrivi jgufisTvis damaxasiaTebeli saswavlo konteqsti uf­
ro Sesabamisi aRmoCndeba. magaliTad: miuxedavad Tineijerobisa,
mravali moswavle siamovnebiT ganagrZobs sabavSvo simRerebis
mosmenas da maTi amisgan gadaCveva ar Rirs, miuxedavad simRerebis
„bavSvurobisa.~

61
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

maswavleblis mizans da intencias, moswavlisTvis axali gamoc­

dilebis SeTavazeba unda warmoadgendes. es moswavles im axal in­
formacias da perspeqtivas miawvdis, rasac is aqamde moklebuli
iyo da damoukideblad ver wvdeboda. am mimarTulebiT muSaoba
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania im swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone
mozardebTan, romlebic specializirebul saganmanaTleblo da­
wesebulebebSi an pansionebSi cxovroben da amis gamo moklebul­-
ni arian Sesabamis models.

SeZenili unarebis funqciuri gamoyeneba

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebTan, gadamwyvet
mniSvnelobas SeZenili unarebis klasisa da skolis gareT arsebul
konteqstSi gamoyeneba iZens. imavdroulad, arsebiTia damokideb­
ulebis donis Semcireba da damoukideblobis, TviT inicirebuli
aqtivobebis waxaliseba.
maswavlebels unda axsovdes, rom moswavlisTvis sagakveTilo
konteqstSi mimatebisa da gamoklebis swavleba TviTmizani ar aris.
es unarebi mniSvnelovani da sasargebloa imdenad, ramdenadac
maTi saSualebiT cxovrebiseuli da yoveldRiuri problemebis
gadaWra da mogvareba iqneba SesaZlebeli.
Sesabamisad, maswavlebeli kargad unda acnobierebdes, rom
moswavle SesaZlebelia gakveTilze uSecdomod angariSobdes sa­
TamaSo monetebiT aTis farglebSi, Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom igi­
ve unars is warmatebiT gamoiyenebs maRaziaSi wvrilmanis SeZe­
nis procesSi. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania, maswavlebeli sworad
saxav­des indikatorebs, romelTa saSualebiTac unaris SeZenis da
gamoyenebis manifestacia moxdeba.

3.2. swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa

dife­rencirebuli swavleba
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTaTvis saganmana­
Tleblo procesi xelmisawvdomi mxolod diferencirebuli swav­
lebis gamoyenebiT xdeba SesaZlebeli. moswavlis CarTva zogad
sa­ganmanaTleblo saswavlo dawesebulebebSi da misi swav­leba
erov­nuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi realobaa, Tuki swo­rad di­
ferencirebuli midgoma iqneba gamoyenebuli.

62
 Tavi III
diferencirebuli midgomiT unda ixelmZRvanelos pedagogma
moswavlisTvis individualuri saswavlo gegmis Semu­Savebisas,
sagakveTilo procesis dagegmvisas, davalebebisa da aqtivobebis
SerCevisas.
moswavlisTvis saswavlo gegmis Sedgenisas da misTvis diferen­
cirebuli saswavlo garemos dagegmvisas, maswavlebelma da profe­
sionalTa gundma rasakvirvelia, moswavlis interesebi, SesaZle­
blobebi, gamocdileba, miRwevis done, Zlieri da susti mxareebi

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

unda gaiTvaliswinos.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

moswavlisTvis saswavlo procesis da garemos dagegmvisas,
pedagogma SesaZlebelia ifiqros diferencirebis Semdeg SesaZle­
blobebze:
• Sinaarsi _ erTi sagnis farglebSi moswavleebis gansxvave­
bul Sinaarsebs euflebian.
• done _ moswavleebi amuSaveben erT Temas, Tumca gansxva­
ve­bulia informaciis gadamuSavebis da aTvisebis, aseve aq­
tiurobis done. magaliTad: mcenareTa, rogorc cocxali
organizmis, zrdis kanonzomierebebis ganxilvisas, erTi mo­
swavlis codnis done ganisazRvreba Tuki is moaxdens codnis
konstatacias, rom mcenares wyali sWirdeba raTa ar gaxmes,
xolo meore gansazRvravs mcenaris fesvebis daniSnulebas
wylis miRebis procesSi.
• misawvdomoba _ informaciis miRebis da gadamuSavebis gan­
sxvavebuli arxebis gaTvaliswinebiT, dasaSvebia moswavles
masala da informacia gansxvavebuli saSualebebiT miewodos:
vizualurad, audiurad, taqtilurad, simbolurad, da a.S.
• struqtura _ masalis miwodebis struqtura SesaZlebelia
icvlebodes moswavleTa codnis aTvisebis Taviseburebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. magaliTad, axali teqstis swavlisas, erT­
gan SesaZlebelia teqstis calkeul Tavebad dayofa iyos
gamarTlebuli, xolo meoregan teqstis mTlianad miwodeba
iyos sasurveli.
• Tanmimdevroba _ dasaSvebia moswavleebs saswavlo masala
gansxvavebuli TanmimdevrobiT mivawodoT. magaliTad, Sesa­
Zlebelia asoebis gadajgufeba da jer im asoebis swavleba,

63
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

romelic erTnairi sivrciTi maxasiaTeblebiT da rveulis

sibrtyeSi erTnairi mdebareobiT xasiaTdebian _ magali­
Tad: „a~, „i~, „T~, „o~ asoebs mosdevdes Semdegi asoebi `s~, „Z~,
„x~, da a.S.
• tempi _ SesaZlebelia moswavlisTvis ganvsazRvroT masalis
aTvisebis gansxvavebuli tempi. magaliTad, saswavlo programa
gavweroT TiToeul sakiTxze meti drois gansazRvriT, an
calkeuli Temebis damuSavebisas moswavles meti dro mivceT.
• pasuxi _ dasaSvebi da misaRebi unda iyos moswavleebis­gan
gansxvavebuli pasuxebis miReba. es xSir SemTxvevaSi gardauva­
lia, Tuki moswavlisTvis gansxvavebuli masala, Sinaarsi da
mizania gansazRvruli.
• personalis dro _ SesaZlebelia ganisazRvros moswavlis­
Tvis pedagogTan da/an sxva profesionalTan damatebiT muS­
aobis dro da es dro sxvadasxva moswavleebisTvis gansxvave­
buli iyos.

• swavlebis stili _ moswavlis Taviseburebis gaTvalis­wi­

nebiT mniSvnelovania, ganisazRvros swavlebis misTvis yve­
laze Sesabamisi stili, iqneba es didaqtikuri, gamocdile­
biT miRebuli, praqtikuli aqtivobebiT ganmtkicebuli Tu
a.S. mniSvnelovania, moswavles mieces SesaZlebloba codna

64
 Tavi III
miiRos gansxvavebuli saSualebebiT da gzebiT _ pasiuri
mos­meniT, aqtiuri monawileobiT, kvleviTa da eqsperimen­
tebiT da a.S.
• dajgufeba _ xSirad codnis aTviseba da ganmtkiceba efeq­
turia Tuki codna individualurad, wyvilSi, mcire jgufebSi
an jgufurad miiReba da gadamuSavdeba. amitom mniSvnelova­
nia, moswavlisTvis misi SesaZleblobebis da saswavli sakiTx­
is gaTvaliswinebiT, sworad iyos gansazRvruli swavla/swav­

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

leba individialurad unda ganxorcieldes Tu jgufurad.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

3.3. swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa
swavlebisas rekomendirebuli
saxelmZRvaneloebi

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTaTvis grZelvadiani

gegmis SemuSavebisas, maswavlebelma imavdroulad maTTvis optim­
aluri saxelmZRvaneloebi unda gansazRvros. maswavlebels unda
axsovdes, rom „SerCeulma saxelmZRvanelom unda uzrunvelyos
erovnul saswavlo gegmis sagnobriv programebSi mocemuli Sede­
gebis miRweva. aseve unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom saxelmZRvanelo ar

65
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

aris TavisTavad programa, Sesabami­sad, maswavlebeli ar unda iyos

saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli masalis gavlaze orientirebuli,
aramed aqcenti gaakeTos sa­xelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstebis,
savarjiSoebisa da ilustraciebis gamoyenebaze sagnobrivi stan­
dartebis Sedegebis misaRwevad.
maswavlebels SeuZlia miudges swavlebis process Semoqmedeb­
iTad da ar gamoiyenos romelime teqsti an aqtivoba saxelmZR­
vanelodan, aqvs ufleba Secvalos drois xangrZlivoba, romelic
romelime konkretul Temas exeba, gadaanacvlos paragrafebis
Tanmimdevroba, daamatos sakuTari aqtivobebi da a.S.“
imavdroulad, maswavlebels aqvs ufleba gamoiyenos nebism­
ieri wigni, magram maTi arCevisas unda gaiTvaliswinos, Tu ramde­
nad iqneba miRwevadi am saxelmZRvaneloTi is Sedegebi, romlebsac
moswavlisTvis gansazRvruli saswavlo gegma iTvaliswinebs.
Sesabamisad, Tuki romelime safexurze moswavlisTvis gan­saz­
Rvruli miznis misaRwevad am skolis mier SerCeuli, grifirebuli
saxelmZRvanelo ar uzrunvelyofs Sedegis miRwevas (moswavlis
swavlis Taviseburebebs ar exmaureba, saxelmZRvaneloSi naklebad
aris mocemuli ilustraciebi, Sriftia mci­re), maswavlebels aqvs
sruli ufleba SearCios am moswavlisTvis sxva Sesa­bamisi forma­
tis TvalsaCino masala, an codna praqtikuli aqtivobebis ganxor­
cielebiT gadasces.
xSirad sagnis aTviseba gacilebiT ufro efeqturad xdeba im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moswavle aqtiurad aris Cabmuli Sesaswavli
sagnis Tu Temis praqtikulad gamocdis procesSi. amitom dasaxu­
li miznebis miRwevisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba praqtikuli
aqtivobebis gamoyenebas da unarebis aTvisebas unda eqceodes. es
midgoma gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri xdeba sabunebismetyvelo sa­
gnebis aTvisebisas. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebis aTviseba auci­
leblad unda gulisxmobdes sasicocxlo procesebis, fizikuri
da qimiuri movlenebis kvlevis gziT Seswavlas, SesaZleblobis
farglebSi praqtikaSi, realur garemoSi gamocdas da codnis dag­
rovebas ara mxolod pasiurad miRebul informaciaze dayrdno­
biT, aramed praqtikuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze.
imavdroulad, swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavlis sa­
jaro skolaSi TanatolebTan erTad swavlebisas, igive saxelmZ­

66
 Tavi III
Rvanelos gamoyeneba, riTac sxva moswavleebi xelmZRvaneloben,
xSirad xels uwyobs moswavlis inkluzias saswavlo aqtivobebSi
da konteqstSi.
magaliTad, Tu mos­
wavlisTvis regula­rul
klasSi individua­luri
sas­wavlo gegmaa Sedge­
nili, anu misTvis gansx­

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

vavebuli sas­­­wavlo miz­-

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

nebia gansazRvruli, mas­
wavlebels aqvs ufleba,
am miznis misaRwevad,
igive saxelmZRvanelo
ga­moiyenos, rasac is da­
narCeni moswavleebis­T­
vis miyveba, Tuki amiT
miznis miRwevas uzrun­
velyofs. magaliTad, as­
oebis swavlis procesSi,
maswavlebelma moswav­
les SesaZ­le­belia mesame
klasis sa­xelmZRvanelo
miawodos davalebuli
asoebis Se­mosaxazad.
Tu rogor moaxerxebs maswavlebeli gansazRv­ru­li saxelmZR­
vanelos gamoyenebas dasaxulis miznis misaRwevad, es xSirad mas­
wavleblis kreatul bunebazea damokidebuli.

3.4. swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa

swavle­bis strategiebi
nebismieri saswavlo procesi maswavleblisa da moswavlis aq­
tiur urTierTobas emyareba, romlis ZiriTadi mizanicaa bavSvis
ganviTareba da sazogadoebis sruluflebian da srulfasovan
wevrad Camoyalibeba. maswavlebelsa da moswavles Soris urTier­
Toba swavlebis sxvadasxva formisa da strategiis gamoyenebiT

67
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

xorcieldeba. swavlebis mravalferovani strategiebis mizania

moswavles, misi SesaZleblobebis, interesebisa da saWiroebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, miawodos is informacia da codna, romelic mas
daexmareba damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis
CamoyalibebaSi.
yoveli axali saswavlo weli moswavleebisa da maswavleblebi­
sTvis sixaruliTa da saukeTeso molodinebiT iwyeba, mag­ram
yoveldRiuri rutina, ganmeorebadi wesebi, TandaTanobiT gar­
Tulebuli saswavlo masala Tu maswavleblebis mzardi moTxovne­
bi saswavlo process mosawyens, usiamovnos, xSirad dauZlevels
xdis da moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa enTuziazmic iklebs. es
yovelive gansakuTrebiT swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswav­
leebze moqmedebs, romlebsac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, ar SeuZliaT im
programis daZleva, rasac maswavlebeli klasisTvis savaldebu­
lod miiCnevs.
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT, mas­
wavleblebi xSirad aRniSnaven, rom maT ar SeuZliaT akademiuri
sagnebis umetesobis im doneze aTviseba, ra donec maT Tanato­
lebs moeTxovebaT. individualuri saganmanaTleblo gegmis gam­
oyeneba erT-erTi saSualebaa moswavlis akademiuri winsvlisa da
gakveTilSi CarTulobis uzrunvelsayofad. igi swavlis unaris
darRvevis mqone bavSvis saswavlo miznebs gansazRvravs, magram
ara am miznebis misaRwevad saWiro swavlebis strategiebs. indi­
vidualuri saganmanaTleblo gegmiT Camoyalibebuli saswavlo
miznebis miRweva swavlebis igive strategiebiT, rasac tipiuri
ganviTarebis mqone moswavleebTan iyeneben, xSirad Znelia an SeuZ­
lebelic.
swavlebis Tanamedrove strategiebis gamoyeneba SesaZleb­
els xdis individualuri saganmanaTleblo gegmiT gansazRvruli
miznebis miRwevas. mTavari moTxovnaa, rom maswavlebeli iyos Semo­
qmedebiTi da kreatiuli, asaTvisebeli masalis miwodebis pasiuri,
tradiciuli meTodis nacvlad, iyenebdes swavlebis mravalfero­
van aqtivobaze dafuZnebul strategiebs, rac individualuri sa­
ganmanaTleblo gegmiT dasaxul miznebs ufro miRwevads gaxdis.
qvemoT, Cven ganvixilavT swavlebis im strategiebs, romelic
saerTaSoriso kvlevebis Tanaxmad, specialuri saganmanaTle­

68
 Tavi III
blo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebis swavlebisTvis efeqtur sa­
Sualebebad iTvleba. sxvadasxva qveyanaSi ganxorcielebuli kv­
levebi mowmobs, rom swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone bavSvebis
swavlebis warmatebulobaze mniSvnelovan zegavlenas Semdegi
faqtorebi axdenen:
• maswavleblis qcevis winaswarmetyvelebis SesaZlebloba;
• maswavlebelsa da moswavles Soris urTierT ndobaze da pa­
tiviscemaze damyarebuli urTierToba;

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

• gakveTilis struqturis nacnoboba;

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

• gakveTilebis saintereso gegma;
• mokle samuSao periodebi;
• gansxvavebuli aqtivobebis xSiri monacvleoba;
• individualuri instruqciebi;
• swavlebis gansxvavebuli strategiebi;
• TvalsaCinoebebis gamoyeneba;
• adekvaturi dadebiTi ganmtkiceba;
• ganvlil masalaze xSiri mibruneba kompetenturobisa da
warmatebis grZnobis CamoyalibebisTvis;
• Sefasebis sxvadasxva teqnika, romelic mimarTulia moswav­
lis ama Tu im unaris ganviTarebaze da ara mxolod Sedegis
Sefasebaze.
am faqtorebidan Cven ukve visaubreT ramdenimeze wina Taveb­
Si. mocemul TavSi ganxiluli iqneba swavlebisa da Sefasebis sx­
vadasxva strategia, romelsac maswavlebeli iyenebs, raTa:
a. ufro gasagebi gaxados miTiTebebi, instruqciebi, Sesasru­
lebeli davalebebi da SesZlos gakveTilze moswavleTa yur­
adRebis xangrZlivi SenarCuneba;
b. moaxdinos konkretuli bavSvis SesaZleblobebis gaTval­
iswinebiT saswavlo masalis modifikacia _ adaptacia;
g. SesZlos Sefasebis sxvadasxva tipis strategiebis gamoyene­
ba, romelTa mizanic iqneba ara ubralod moswavlis Sromis
Sedegebis Sefaseba, aramed bavSvis swavlis motivaciis gaz­
rda da ama Tu im unaris ganviTarebis xelSewyoba.

69
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

* * *
saklaso oTaxSi swavlebis procesi, rogorc wesi, ramdenime
nawilisgan Sedgeba. esaa struqturirebuli garemo, sadac maswav­
lebeli moswavleebs awvdis axal informacias, moswavleTa mxri­
dan miRebuli ukukavSiris saSualebiT (moswavleTa kiTxvebi, maTi
pasuxebi maswavleblis kiTxvebze da a.S.) afasebs, Tu ramdenad
gaiges da aiTvises miwodebuli da ganvlili masala.
swavlebis strategiebi pirobiTad 3 ZiriTad nawilad SeiZleba
daiyos:
1. strategiebi, romelTa mizanicaa moswavleTa yuradRebis Se­
narCuneba gakveTilis manZilze;
2. strategiebi, romlebic moswavleTa CarTulobas uwyobs
xels;
3. Sefasebis strategiebi.

3.4.1. gakveTilze moswavleTa yuradRebis SemanarCunebeli

strategiebi
warmatebuli gakveTilis erT-erT mniSvnelovan maxasiaTebe­
lad maswavleblebi moswavleTa yuradRebis mdgradobas miiCne­
ven. yvelasaTvis kargadaa cnobili, rom moswavleTa yuradRebis
SenarCuneba mTeli gakveTilis manZilze, gansakuTrebiT ki, swav­
lis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebisa, romlebsac xSirad,
yuradRebis deficiti da hiperaqtivoba axasiaTebT, sakmaod Zne­
lia. qvemoT aRwerilia ramdenime strategia, romelic kvlevaTa
Tanaxmad, xels uwyobs moswavleTa yuradRebis miqcevas, koncen­
traciasa da xangrZliv SenarCunebas gakveTilis manZilze.

* * *
1. yuradRebis miqcevis strategiebi
a) yuradRebis miqceva sensoruli stimulebis
gamoyenebiT
gakveTilis mimdinareobis procesSi arsebobs ramdenime mar­
tivi vizualuri da auditoruli saSualeba, romelic, garda
yvelasTvis kargad cnobili mimarTvebisa „bavSvebo, momismineT`,

70
 Tavi III
„gaCumdiT, axali masala unda avxsnaT~ da a.S. xels uwyobs moswav­
leTa yuradRebis miqcevas maswavleblisadmi.
- yuradRebis miqcevis vizualuri saSualebebi
gamoiyeneT sxvadasxva TvalsaCino vizualuri masala (cxri­
lebi, grafikebi, vizualuri wesebi, SuqniSnis ferebis Sesabamisi
firniSebi), rac gaaumjobesebs moswavleTa yuradRebis koncen­
tracias da winaswari SeTanxmebisa da swavlebis Sedegad, gaxdeba

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad
maTi qcevis makontrolebeli saSualeba. magaliTad, rodesac mas­
wavlebeli moswavleebs aCvenebs wiTel firniSs, isini Cumdebian
da emzadebian mosasmenad. rodesac maswavlebeli romelime mo­
swavles magidaze daudebs mwvane baraTs, es niSnavs, rom Semdeg
SekiTxvaze man unda gasces pasuxi da a.S.
Jestebi, saintereso grafikuli naxatebi da komiqsebi, xels
uwyobs moswavleTa yuradRebisa da interesis gaRvivebas.
gamoiyeneT ilustraciebi. araa aucilebeli maswavlebeli kar­
gad xatavdes, araa aucilebeli naxatebi iyos rTuli an zusti.
xSirad, rac ufro martivi da sasaciloa naxati, miT ukeTesia yu­
radRebis gasaRviveblad. nebismieri mcdeloba leqsikonis, cne­

71
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

bebisa da sxva gakveTilebis ilustraciisa, axdens moswavleTa yu­

radRebis fokusirebas da aadvilebs informaciis Senaxvas.
mniSvnelovania maswavlebels hqondes mzeriTi kontaqtis da­
myarebis SesaZlebloba, rac merxebis swori ganlagebiT miiRweva.
amave dros, aucilebelia, rom yvela xedavdes dafas. moswavleebi
maswavleblisken saxiT unda isxdnen, rodesac is saubrobs. gansa­
kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania maswavleblis danaxvis SesaZlebloba,
rodesac is aZlevs miTiTebebs an instruqciebs. maswavlebelma
unda misces moswavleebs merxebis mowesrigebis saSualeba da imis
aRniSvnis SesaZlebloba, rom Tavisi adgilidan ver xedaven dafas.
ferebi Zalian efeqturia yuradRebis misaqcevad. gamoiyeneT
feradi markerebi /carcebi dafaze werisas da sxvadasxva feriT
dabeWdili teqstebi, moaxdineT yuradRebis fokusireba feradi
qaRaldebisa da saniSneebis saSualebiT. sakvanZo sityvebi, fra­
zebi, amocanis gadasaWrelad saWiro nabijebi da sxva masala Sesa­
Zloa aRiniSnos sxvadasxva feriT.

- yuradRebis miqcevis auditoruli (smeniTi) saSualebebi

moswavleTa yuradRebis miqceva SesaZlebelia smeniTi gama­
Rizianeblebis saSualebiT, magaliTad, musikisa da sxva­da­sxva

72
 Tavi III
auditoruli signalebis gamoyenebiT (qsilofoni, magnitofonSi
raime musikaluri monakveTis Sesruleba, zanzalakis xma, bipere­
bi, taimerebi da a.S.).

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad
yuradRebis miqcevis karg saSualebas warmoadgens taSi da ta­
Sis gansazRvruli ritmi. maswavlebeli ukravs gansazRvrul rit­
ms (taSiT) da moswavleebi ubruneben igive ritms taSis dartymiT
an sxva winaswar SeTanxmebuli aqtivobiT (magaliTad, „yvela . . .
mzad iyaviT . . .~, an „1, 2, 3, SemomxedeT~).

b) moswavleTa yuradRebis SenarCuneba aqtiuri monawileo­

bis gziT
moswavleTa yuradRebis koncentraciisa da mdgradobis Senar­
Cuneba moiTxovs aqtiur da ara pasiur swavlebas (Rief, 1998, 2003,
2005). aqedan gamomdinare, maswavleblebs moeTxovebaT gakveTi­
lis manZilze swavlebis sxvadasxva tipis formatisa da mraval­
ferovani aqtivobebis gamoyeneba. 45-wuTiani gakveTilis dagegmva
isea SesaZlebeli, rom warmoadgendes mTliani klasis swavlebisa
da individualur da mcire jgufebSi muSaobis kombinacias. am
dros, moswavleebs saSualeba eZlevaT sxvadasxva saxiT miiRon
monawileoba saklaso aqtivobebSi.

73
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

- axali masalis axsnis winmswrebi diskusia

nebismieri miTiTebisa Tu davalebis micemamde, axali infor­
maciis miwodebamde, bunebrivia, saWiroa yvela moswavlis yur­
adRebis mopoveba da koncentrireba Sesasrulebel saqmianobasa
Tu informaciaze.
mimdinare gakveTilisadmi interesis gamosawvevad, axali in­
formaciis miwodebamde, sasurvelia maswavlebelma moswav­leebs
gaacnos gakveTilis gegma, Tu ra unda gakeTdes momdevno 35-45
wuTis manZilze. gakveTilis gegma gakveTils pro­gnozirebads
xdis, rac xels uwyobs rogorc yuradRebis Se­narCunebas, aseve
interesis gaRviZebas. axali masalis axsnamde, maswavlebels SeuZ­-
lia dasvas asaxsnel TemasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxva, aCvenos su­
raTi/suraTebi, moyves istoria, romelzec TemasTan dakavSire­
bul mcire diskusias aagebs.
yovelTvis, rodesac SesaZlebelia, rekomendebulia axali ma­
sala, informacia daukavSirdes ganvlil masalas, moswavleTa
codnasa da gamocdilebas. axali Temis winmswrebi diskusia da
SekiTxvebi exmarebian moswavleebs wina gakveTilebze aTvisebuli
codna daukavSiron axal naswavlsa da mosmenils, rac axal infor­
macias ufro gasagebs xdis da Sesabamisad, yuradRebis SenarCune­
bas uwyobs xels.
- Sesasrulebeli davalebis xangrZlivobis kontroli
gakveTilze Sesasrulebeli davalebebisa da aqtivobebis Ser­
Cevisas mniSvnelovania gaTvaliswinebul iqnas, Tu ramdeni droa
saWiro TiToeuli davalebis Sesasruleblad, iqneba es jgufuri
Tu individualuri davalebebi. kvlevebi mowmobs _ rac ufro
xangrZliv dros moiTxovs davaleba, moswavleebi mas miT nakle­
bi yuradRebiTa da mondomebiT asruleben. sasurvelia, rom mas­
wavlebelma gakveTilis dagegmvisas gaiTvaliswinos moswavleTa
SesaZleblobebi da Tavi aaridos, gansakuTrebiT swavlis unaris
darRvevis mqone moswavleebis SemTxvevaSi, xangrZliv davalebebs.
optimaluria, Tu davaleba Sedgeba ramdenime urTierTdakavSire­
buli aqtivobisgan, romelTac mcire dro esaWiroebaT.

74
 Tavi III
- gakveTilis axsnis procesSi arasruli gegmebis, davale-
bebis gamoyeneba
moswavleTa aqtiurobis SenarCunebis kidev erT saSualebas
war­moadgens e.w. arasruli gegmebis gamoyeneba. rodesac maswav­
lebeli xsnis gakveTils an kiTxulobs axal teqsts, moswavleebs
evalebaT winaswar darigebul teqstebSi an naxatebSi Seavson ga­
motovebuli sityvebi imis safuZvelze, Tu ra Tqva an dawera mas­

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

wavlebelma.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

g) moswavleTa yuradRebis SenarCuneba damoukidebeli
muSaobis procesSi
zogierT moswavles gansakuTrebiT uWirs yuradRebis koncen­
traciisa da produqtulobis SenarCuneba damoukidebeli da mj­
domare samuSaos Sesrulebis dros (Rief, 2003, 2005). maT SesaZloa
efantebodeT yuradReba, aviwydebodeT davaleba, romelic unda
Seasrulon, an ar SeeZloT damoukideblad muSaoba. am SemTxveveb­
Si SesaZloa Semdegi strategiebis gamoyeneba:
- damoukidebeli samuSaos Sesrulebamde, sasurvelia da­wv­
rilebiTi instruqciis, miTiTebebis micema TvalsaCinoebe­bis gam­
oyenebiT, Tu ra unda gaakeTon;
- gadamowmeba, Tu ramdenad sworad gaiges moswavleebma da­
valeba;

75
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

- moswavleTa SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswineba damou­ki­debe­li

samuSaos SerCevisa da micemisas. magaliTad, nikas 5 wuTi SeuZlia da­
moukideblad muSaoba, xolo ninis _ 3 wuTi, Sesabamisad micemuli
davalebis odenoba sasurvelia, rom am droSi dasrulebadi iyos;
- damoukideblad muSaobisTvis yvela saWiro masalis arse­
boba nebismieri gamamarTlebeli mizezis Tavidan asacileblad.
sasurvelia maswavlebels hqondes damatebiTi masala/saxelmZR­
vanelo moumzadebeli moswavleebisTvis;
- efeqturia davalebis micemisas moswavleebis Sesasrulebe­
li davalebis werilobiTi nimuSiT an aqtivobebis CamonaTvaliT
uzrunvelyofa. davalebaTa cxrili aseve xels Seuwyobs damo­
ukidebel muSaobas. SeiZleba moswavleebs vaswavloT davalebis
im punqtis gadaxazva, romelic ukve Seasrules;
- damoukidebeli samuSaos Sesrulebisas damxmares rolSi, Ses­
aZloa, CaerTon Tanaklaselebi (peer tutoring). rodesac maswav­
lebeli klasSi erT jgufs aZlevs werilobiT davalebas da meores
_ wasakiTxs, SesaZloa mas ar hqondes dro gasces pasuxi werilo­
biTi davalebis SesrulebiT dakavebuli moswavlis kiTxvaze. am
SemTxvevaSi davalebis Sesrulebis dawyebamde, sasurvelia miR­
weul iqnas SeTanxmeba, rom SekiTxvis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi, moswav­
lem jer kiTxos mis gverdze myofs da mxolod Semdeg Seawyveti­
nos maswavlebels muSaoba meore jgufTan;
- SesaZlebelia raime tipis signalze SeTanxmeba, romelsac
moswavle Tavisi merxidan gamoiyenebs daxmarebis saWiroebis Sem­
TxvevaSi. magaliTad, feradi baraTebis gamoyeneba, ro­melsac mo­
swavle aRmarTavs, raTa xmauris gareSe Seatyobinos maswavleb­
els, rom daxmareba sWirdeba;
- maswavlebels sasurvelia gamzadebuli hqondes Sesasrulebel
davalebaze martivi davaleba, romelsac moswavles miscems im Su­
aledSi Sesasruleblad, sanam SeZlebs misTvis daxmarebis gawevas;
- damoukidebeli muSaobis procesSi rekomendebulia, maswav­
lebeli afasebdes moswavleTa muSaobas, midiodes konkretul
moswavleebTan, dadiodes merxebs Soris, droulad reagirebdes
moswavleTa qcevaze;

76
 Tavi III
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad
- sasurvelia im moswavleebisTvis, visac advilad efanteba yu­
radReba individualuri SemosazRvruli sivrcisa da mSvidi adgi­
lis uzrunvelyofa (magaliTad, merxi, romelic kedelTanaa midg­
muli), rac daexmarebaT maT davalebaze muSaobaSi;
- damoukidebeli muSaobis procesSi, sasurvelia, maswavleb­
els winaswar hqondes gamzadebuli damatebiTi davalebebi im mo­
swavleebisTvis, vinc sxvebze bevrad adre amTavrebs davalebas. es
xels Seuwyobs klasSi samuSao garemos SenarCunebas.

3.4.2. moswavleTa CarTulobisa da monawileobis gazrdaze

orientirebuli strategiebi

a) mcire jgufebSi muSaoba

gakveTilis manZilze miwodebuli informaciis ukeT gagebis
mizniT sasargebloa moswavleTa mier kiTxvebis dasmis, miRebuli
informaciis gadamowmebis stimulireba mcire jgufebSi muSao­
bis gziT.
kvlevebi adasturebs, rom wyvilebSi da mcire jgufebSi muSao­
ba xels uwyobs jgufis yvela monawiles swavlas da zrdis maT Car­
Tulobas miuxedavad maTi SesaZleblobebisa. mTavaria, mocemuli
midgomis gamoyenebisas gaTvaliswinebul iqnas Semdegi sakiTxebi:

77
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

1. jgufuri muSaobis dagegmva

mcire jgufebSi muSaobis dagegmvisas maswavlebelma winaswar
unda moamzados:
- aqtivoba/aqtivobebi;
- jgufuri muSaobisTvis saWiro masalebi;
- jgufebad dayofis principi da jgufebSi Semavali moswav­le­
ebis raodenoba;
- jgufSi rolebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis ganawilebis prin­
cipi (Sesasrulebeli davalebis/aqtivobis ganawilebis principi
jgufis wevrebs Soris);
- gansazRvros, Tu ra dro daeTmoba jgufur muSaobas;
- gansazRvros, Tu rogor moxdeba mcire jgufSi miRweuli Se­
degis gaziareba klasisTvis da rogor daukavSirdeba es gakveTi­
lis Temas.

2. jgufuri muSaobis ganxorcieleba

- aqtivobis/davalebis arCeva
mcire jgufebSi SesaZlebelia iseTi aqtivobis ganxorcieleba,
romelic Semdeg kriteriumebs akmayofilebs:
1. aqtivoba Sedgeba ramdenime davalebisgan, romelic SeiZleba
ganawilebul iqnas jgufis wevrebs Soris an SeiZleba iyos
erTi davaleba. magaliTad, raime sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gon­
ebrivi ieriSi2, sadac yvela monawiles azri mniSvnelovania;
2. aqtivoba orietirebulia problemis gadaWraze da diskusias,
erTobliv moqmedebas saWiroebs.
mcire jgufebSi SeiZleba moxdes iseTi davalebebis Sesrule­
ba, rogoricaa axali moTxrobis Sinaarsis gaazreba, masalebis
gamokvleva _ Seswavla da a.S.

2 gonebrivi ieriSi warmoadgens problemis gadaWraze orientirebul mosazre­

bebis jgufuri mofiqrebis process. am meTodis gamoyenebisas jgufi erTo­
blivad fiqrobs problemis gadaWris gzebze da saSualebebze, rodesac ar ar­
sebobs swori da araswori pasuxebi.

78
 Tavi III
- masalebis momzadeba
maswavlebelma SeiZleba TviTon moamzados, an moswavleebs
daavalos mcire jgufSi samuSaod saWiro masalebis momzadeba.
magaliTad, Tu maswavlebels unda bunebis movlenebze gakveTilis
axsna, mas SeuZlia moswavleebs daavalos Seagrovon da moitanon
bunebis sxvadasxva movlenis amsaxveli masala. momzadebuli ma­
sala yvela jgufisTvis sakmarisi unda iyos.

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

- jgufis zoma da SerCevis principi

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

Cveulebriv mcire jgufSi Semavali moswavleebis raodenoba
meryeobs 2-dan 5 moswavlemde, magram specialuri saganmanaTle­
blo saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis SemTxvevaSi, sasurvelia
jgufSi 3 moswavleze meti ar Sediodes da maswavlebelma jgufeb­
Si moswavleTa ganawilebisas, ecados gansxvavebuli SesaZleblo­
bebis mqoneTa dajgufeba. es gazrdis maTi erTmaneTisgan swav­
lebisa da sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maqsimaluri gamoyenebis
albaTobas.

- moswavleTa jgufSi organizeba

sasurvelia maswavlebelma jgufis wevrebs Soris rolebi maqsi­

malurad mkafiod da naTlad gaanawilos, raTa jgufis TiToeulma
wevrma Tavisi SesaZleblobebis Sesabamisad Seitanos wvlili jgu­
fur muSaobaSi.

- jgufuri muSaobis drois gansazRvra

maswavlebelma moswavleebs muSaobis dawyebamde unda auxsnas,

Tu rogor moxdeba drois kontroli, ramdeni dro daeTmoba dava­
lebis Sesrulebas da Semdgom klasisTvis gaziarebas.
45 wuTiani gakveTilis SemTxvevaSi, sasurvelia mcire jgufeb­
Si muSaobas daeTmos sul mcire 25 wuTi, saidanac 5 wuTi jgufebad
dayofasa da moswavleTa Sesabamis gadanawilebas da davalebis ax­
snas daeTmoba, 10 wuTi gamoyofili iqneba uSualod jgufuri muS­
aobisTvis da mTlianobaSi 10 wuTi _ miRebuli Sedegebis kla­
sisTvis gasaziareblad.

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

- mcire jgufis muSaobis Sedegebis klasisTvis gaziareba

jgufuri muSaobis dasruleba, rogorc wesi, klasisTvis miRe­
buli Sedegebis gaziarebiT xdeba, rac mTavrdeba maswavleblis
mier jgufebis muSaobis SejamebiTa da gakveTilis TemasTan, ganv­
lil masalasTan dakavSirebiT.

b) meTodebi wyvilebSi samuSaod da sapasuxod

wyvilebSi muSaoba albaT erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi saSu­
alebaa gakveTilis procesSi moswavleTa monawileobis gasaz­
rdelad (Rief, 2003, 2005). mocemuli teqnika gulisxmobs mokle

dialogebs or moswavles Soris. wyvilebSi muSaoba sasargebloa

STabeWdilebebis gaziarebisTvis, informaciis SejamebisTvis, in­
struqciebisa da davalebebis ukeT gagebisaTvis, dazepirebisa da
gavarjiSebisTvis (leqsikoni, sityvebis fonologiuri analizi,
maTematikuri wesebi), teqstis kiTxvis ganawilebisTvis, wakiTx­
uli masalis ganxilvisa da weriTi davalebebis gaziarebisaTvis.
magaliTad, maswavlebels SeuZlia Tqvas:

80
 Tavi III
„mitrialdiT Tqvens mezobelTan da gauziareT Tqveni mosaz­
reba . . . Sesaxeb~.
„daexmareT erTmaneTs amis gakeTebaSi~.
wyvilebSi muSaoba SeiZleba struqturirebuli iyos arafor­
malurad („mibrundi Sens gverdiT mjdomisken`) an maswavlebel­
ma SesaZloa dawyvilebis sxva meTodi gamoiyenos (1, 2-d gaTvla,
dabadebis dReebis mixedviT dawyvileba da a.S.), Sesabamisad, mas­
wavlebels SeuZlia mewyvileebs sxvadasxva davaleba misces, mag­

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

aliTad, `„1`, uTxari Sens mewyviles Seni mosazreba Semdegi gver­

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

dis Sesaxeb,`
mewyvileebs SeuZliaT erTmaneTis naSromis Semowmeba maswav­
leblisTvis Cabarebamde.
dawyvilebis principis gaTvaliswinebiT, mewyvileebs eZl­
evaT erTi adgilidan meoreze gadanacvlebis saSualeba. es gan­
sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania yuradRebis deficitisa da hiperaq­
tivobis sindromis mqone moswavleebisTvis, radgan xels uwyobs
maTi yuradRebis SenarCunebasa da davalebaze partniorTan er­
Tad produqtul muSaobas.

3.4.3. gamokiTxvis strategiebi, romlebic aumjobeseben mo-

swavleTa monawileobasa da CarTulobas gakveTilis procesSi

a) kiTxvis dasmis xerxebi

kiTxva-pasuxi sagakveTilo procesis erT-erTi aucilebeli
da mniSvnelovani nawilia. kiTxvaze pasuxebiT maswavlebels Se­
uZlia, rogorc moswavleTa yuradRebis mobilizeba, aseve inte­
resis aRZvra, axsnili masalis gagebis xarisxis Semowmeba, cod­
nis gaRrmavebis xelSewyoba da yvela moswavlis aqtiuri CarTva
sagakveTilo procesSi. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivia, rom swo­
rad formulirebuli da gaazrebuli kiTxvebi SeiZleba Zlieri
iaraRi gaxdes maswavleblisTvis swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone
bavSvis swavlebis procesSi.
tradiciuli klasebis umravlesobaSi, maswavlebeli kiTxvas
usvams erT konkretul moswavles, xolo danarCeni klasi am dros
Cumad unda iyos da maswavlebeli _ moswavlis saubars unda us­
mendes. zogierT klasSi, SesaZloa gavides dReebi, kvirebi da

81
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

zogjer Tveebic, sanam romelime moswavles miecema saSualeba da­

narCen klass Tavisi azrebi da ideebi sityvierad gauziaros. mas­
wavleblebi xSirad asec iqcevian:
• iZaxeben erT moswavles saxeliT da usvamen kiTxvas (es dan­
arCeni klasisaTvis avtomaturi miniSnebaa, rom maT ar unda
gascen pasuxi am kiTxvaze).
• svamen kiTxvas da moelian dauyovnebliv pasuxs; moswavles
ar eZleva dro informaciis gadamuSavebisa da pasuxis mo­
fiqrebisTvis.
• erTi da igive 6 an 7 moswavlis gamoZaxeba, visganac maswavle­
beli moismens sasurvel pasuxs.
• moswavleTa umetesobis ignorireba maT mier xelis awevis
SemTxvevaSic ki.
• dabali miRwevis mqone moswavleebis ufro iSviaTi gamokiTx­
va maRali miRwevis moswavleebTan SedarebiT.
• im kiTxvebis Zalian mcire odenobiT dasma, romelic moiTxovs
maRali donis kritikuli azrovnebis unarebs.
xSirad maswavleblebi maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli gamokiTxvis
paterns ver acnobiereben da gaocebulebi rCebian, rodesac aR­
moaCenen, Tu romel moswavleebsa da ra sixSiriT iZaxeben. garda
amisa, arseboben moswavleebi, romlebic gakveTilis manZilze, ra­
Raca mizezTa gamo, ufro pasiurebi arian, vidre aqtiurebi.
qvemoT moyvanilia zogadi rekomendaciebi, romelTa gaTval­
iswinebac xels Seuwyobs yvela moswavlis CarTvas gamokiTxvis
procesSi:
• gakveTilis iseTi formati, romelic iTvaliswinebs mTeli
klasis, jgufis, mewyvilesa da individis pasuxebs;
• kiTxvaze pasuxis moTxovnamde, yvela moswavles eZleva saSu­
aleba Caiweron, moniSnon pasuxi maswavleblis mier dasmul
kiTxvaze. Semdeg xdeba moxaliseebis gamoZaxeba kiT­xvaze ze­
piri pasuxis misaRebad;
• gakveTilis iseTi formati, romelic mcire jgufebad an
wyvilebad muSaobis SesaZleblobas iZleva moswavleTa maqsi­
maluri monawileobisTvis;
• SesaZlebelia moswavleTa individualuri gamoZaxebis al­

82
 Tavi III
ternativebis gamoyeneba; magaliTad, moswavle pasuxs mewy­
viles aZlevs, pasuxobs werilobiT an xatviT;
• efeqturia Ria kiTxvebis dasma, romlebic msjelobas mo­
iTxoven da axdenen kritikuli azrovnebisa da diskusiis
stimulirebas;
• sasurvelia moswavleebis arasruli pasuxebis dakonk­re­tebis
mastimulirebeli SekiTxvebis dasma, magaliTad, „meti miTx­
ari~, „rogor mixvedi am pasuxamde?~ da a.S.;

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

• rekomendebulia maswavlebeli romelime konkretuli mo­

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

swavlis gamoZaxebamde daelodos, sanam ramdenime moswavle
aiwevs xels pasuxis gasacemad.
Zalian mniSvnelovania gamokiTxvis sxvadasxva meTodebis ga­
moyeneba, raTa moswavleebs swavlebis procesSi xSirad uwevdeT
pasuxis gacema. qvemoT mocemulia teqnikebi, romlebic xels uwy­
oben moswavleTa aqtiur monawileobas klasSi, mcire jgufebsa da
wyvilebad muSaobisas.
- swori kiTxvebis dasma moswavleTa azrovnebis sxvadasxva
donis stimulirebisTvis
maswavleblebisTvis kargad aris cnobili blumis taqsonomia,
sadac blumi azrovnebis 6 dones aRwers, romlis gaaqtiurebac
SesaZlebelia Sesatyvisi kiTxvebis dasmiT. es doneebia codna,
gageba, gamoyeneba, analizi, Sefaseba da sinTezi. blumis taqso­
nomia gvexmareba, davusvaT moswavleebs iseTi kiTxvebi, romle­
bic maT azrovnebas aswavlis. qvemoT dawvrilebiTaa aRwerili
TiToeuli donis Sesabamisi aqtivobebi, romelTa saSualebiTac
maswavlebels SeuZlia winaswar, gakveTilis dagegmvis procesSi
gansazRvros, Tu ra tipis kiTxvebs dasvams yvela moswavlis CarT­
visa da azrovnebis xelSewyobisTvis.
- codna: Tqvi, CamoTvale, gansazRvre, daarqvi saxeli.
- gageba: dajgufeba garkveuli niSnis, maxasiaTeblis mixed­
viT, axsna, identifikacia, aRwera, ganxilva, Cveneba, ganmeorebiTi
moyola.
- gamoyeneba: demonstracia, Cawera, konstruireba, ilustri­
reba, interpretacia, diagrama, praqtika.
- analizi: Sedareba, kategorizacia, klasifikacia, gamokvle­
va, gadaWra.

83
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

- Sefaseba: Sefaseba, Rirebulebis gansazRvra, damtkiceba, wi­

naswarmetyveleba, gadawyveta, gadamowmeba.
- sinTezi: Sedgena, dizaini, Seqmna, transformacia, formu­
lireba.

- kiTxvebi teqstis gagebisaTvis

Zalian xSirad bavSvebs uWirT wakiTxulis Sinaarsis gageba da
misi dakavSireba sakuTar codnasa da gamocdilebasTan an igive
teqstis wina abzacTan. mocemuli teqnika maswavlebels saSuale­
bas aZlevs dasvas TviTon da aswavlos moswavleebsac uSualod
kiTxvis procesSi dausvan sakuTar Tavs da klasels/mewyviles
kiTxvebi, romlebic gauadvilebT teqstis gagebas. qvemoT moce­
mulia kiTxvebis nimuSebi, romelTa dasmac xels uwyobs teqstis
Sinaarsis ukeT gagebas (Mooney, 1995; Schaffer, 1989).
„Tqveni azriT, mere ra moxdeba?~
„Tqveni azriT, . . . ras fiqrobs?~
„rodesme gigrZvniaT igive, rac . . . ?~
„moTxrobis romel gmirs airCevdiT megobrad? ratom?~
„Tqveni azriT, ris Tqmas cdilobs avtori moTxrobis manZilze?~
„moTxrobaSi ra adgilebi miuTiTebs amaze?~
„ra wignebi wagikiTxavT igive Temaze?~
„ram gamoiwvia . . . ?~
„rogor fiqrobT . . .hgavdnen Tu gansxvavdebodnen?~
„ramdenad gansxvavebuli iyo. . . wignis bolos? ram gamoiwvia es?~
„ra gavlena moaxdina . . . amaze?~
„abzacis mixedviT, ram gamoiwvia . . . ?~
„Tqveni azriT, ra mniSvneloba hqonda . . . ?~
„Tqveni azriT, romel gmirs icnobT yvelaze metad? ratom?
kidev erTxel waikiTxeT moTxroba, raTa dainaxoT, Tu risi povna
SegiZliaT kidev am gmiris Sesaxeb.~
„gadakiTxvisas, dafiqrdiT, Tu ra sityvebi gamoiyena avtorma
raTa . . . (eCvenebina nawarmoebis gmirebis xasiaTi, emociebi da a.S. ).~
„rodesme yofilxarT msgavs situaciaSi?~

84
 Tavi III
b) pasuxis gacemis alternativebi

- klasis erTxmad pasuxis meTodebi

dRis manZilze maswavleblebi iyeneben gakveTilisa da swav­
lebis sxvadasxva formatebs (mTeli jgufi, mcire jgufi, wyvi­
lebSi muSaoba, individualuri muSaoba). gakveTili isea awyobili,
raTa gamoyenebul iqnas yvelaze sasargeblo formati swavlis sx­
vadasxva amocanebis Sesasruleblad. miuxedavad imisa, rom araa

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

rekomendirebuli diferencialuri swavlebis saklaso oTaxSi

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

mTeli jgufis gamokiTxvis Warbi gamoyeneba, es strategia saWiroa
da warmatebuli sxvadasxva dros, dRis an gakveTilis manZilze
(magaliTad, dawyeba _ damTavrebis aqtivobebi, axali cnebebis ax­
sna da a.S.). qvemoT moyvanilia ramdenime rekomendirebuli teqni­
ka, romelic xels uwyobs yvela moswavlis aqtiur monawileobas
mTeli klasis gamokiTxvis dros (Rief, 2003, 2005).

- gunduri pasuxebi
maswavlebelma SeiZleba daavalos moswavleebs leqsis an te­
qstis patara abzacis xmamaRla, erTxmad wakiTxva da/an Tqma. sim­
Rerebis erToblivi Sesruleba, gadamowmeba mTel klasTan erTad

85
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

maTematikuri wesebis codnis, aseTi gunduri pasuxis magaliTebia.

mTel klasTan muSaobis procesSi efeqturia gunduri pasuxis gam­
oyeneba, rodesac dasmul kiTxvaze arsebobs erTi swori da mokle
pasuxi. gunduri pasuxebis dros mTeli klasi iRebs monawileobas,
aqtiuradaa CarTuli da am SemTxvevaSi specialuri saganmanaTle­
blo saWiroebebis mqone moswavlesac eZleva saSualeba miiRos aq­
tiuri monawileoba saerTo saklaso aqtivobaSi.
mniSvnelovania moswavleebis momzadeba gunduri pasuxebisT­
vis. kerZod, maswavlebeli, am meTodis gamoyenebamde, moswavleebs
avarjiSebs signalis Semdeg, erTxmad pasuxis gacemaSi.
moswavleebs, upirveles yovlisa, moeTxovebaT pirdapir mas­
wavlebels uyuron. maswavlebeli, rodesac svams kiTxvas, xels
zeviT ise wevs, rogorc transportis gaCerebisas. maswavlebels
xeli aweuli aqvs mcire drois manZilze, raTa moswavleebs pa­
suxis mofiqrebis dro misces. Semdeg maswavlebeli iZleva ver­
balur signals (magaliTad, „yvela . . . .~, an „mzad xarT . . . ~), icdis
erTi wuTi da Semdeg awvdis vizualur signals, romelic winaswar
aCvena moswavleebs, rogoricaa Jesti an aweuli xelis Camoweva. am
signalis mixedviT, moswavleebi erTxmad xmamaRla amboben pasuxs
(Engelmann, Hanner, & Johnson, 1999; Archer, Gleason, & Vachon, 2000).
moswavleTa gunduri pasuxis Semdeg SesaZloa individualuri pa­
suxis misaRebi kiTxvis dasma: „rogor mixvdi swor pasuxs?.~

- jgufuri pasuxebi individualuri dafebis gamoyenebiT

moswavleTa umetesobas (gansakuTrebiT daswavlis unaris
daqveiTebis, hiperaqtivobisa da yuradRebis deficitis sindro­
mis mqoneT, anu maT, visac xSirad uWirs damoukidebeli davalebis
Sesruleba) moswons feradi markerebiTa da flomasterebiT spe­
cialur dafebze wera. jgufuri pasuxebis miRebis kidev erT saSu­
alebas warmoadgens klasisTvis kiTxvis dasma, pauza mosafiqre­
beli droisTvis da Semdeg moswavleebisTvis davalebis micema,
Caweron Tavisi pasuxebi individualur dafebze. maswavleblis
signalis Semdeg („daawyveT dafebi`), moswavleebi awyoben Tavis
dafebs, raTa maswavlebelma naxos isini da swrafad Seafasos,
romelma moswavlem upasuxa sworad da vis sWirdeba damatebiTi
daxmareba.

86
 Tavi III
yvela asakis moswavles moswons dafebze wera, rac SeiZleba
nebismier gakveTilze iqnas gamoyenebuli mokle pasuxebisaT­
vis (magaliTad, maTematikuri davalebebis amoxsna, an sityvaTa
fonologiur analizSi varjiSi). swori gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi,
isini aseve efeqturi saSualebaa moswavleTa mier informaciis
aTvisebis Sesafaseblad da im moswavleTa gansazRvrisTvis, visac
damatebiTi daxmareba da varjiSi sWirdeba.

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

- jgufuri pasuxebi winaswar damzadebuli sapasuxo bara­

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

Tebis gamoyenebiT
winaswar dabeWdili pasuxis baraTebi da maraoebi Zalian efeq­
turi da praqtikuli saSualebebia gakveTilebze moswavleTa aq­
tivobis gasazrdelad. nebismieri winaswar dabeWdili sapasuxo
baraTi moswavlisaTvis advili gamosayenebeli unda iyos. es Sei­
Zleba iyos baraTebi acmuli liTonis rgolze, an maraosaviT da­
magrebuli, aseve SesaZloa erTi muyaos formatis qaRaldis gam­
oyeneba, romelic dayofilia seqciebad pasuxebis variantebiT.
pasuxis miTiTeba, am SemTxvevaSi, moswavlis mier xdeba magaliTad,
tansacmlis samagris mimagrebiT misi azriT swor pasuxze.
rodesac maswavlebeli svams kiTxvas, moswavleebi irCeven pasuxs
pasuxebis baraTebidan raime maniSneblis mimagrebiT. baraTebze pa­
suxebi orive mxridan unda eweros, ise, rom moswavle da maswavle­
beli erTdroulad xedavdnen nawers. mocemuli strategiis gamoy­
eneba SesaZloa nebismieri Sinaarsis gakveTilze, nebismier doneze.
qvemoT mocemulia winaswar gamzadebuli sapasuxo baraTebis
gamoyenebis ramdenime sfero masalis gameorebisTvis:
• xmovani bgeris gamoyofa sxvadasxva sityvebSi (a, e, i, o, u);
• konkretuli sityvis kuTvnileba metyvelebis nawilTan wina­
dadebaSi (arsebiTi saxeli, zmna, zedsarTavi saxeli, zmnizeda);
• maTematikis amocana, romelic moiTxovs problemis (mimate­
ba, gamokleba, gamravleba, gayofa) gadaWras;
• mravalpasuxiani davaleba (a, b, g, d);
• meti vidre, naklebi vidre, toli;
• cneba, romelic Seesabameba mocemul magaliTs (idioma, per­
sonifikacia, aliteracia).

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

g) codnis Semowmebis, gamokiTxvis strategiebi

yvela moswavlisaTvis codnis gamovlenisa da monawileobis
Tanabari SesaZleblobebis micemaSi dasarwmuneblad, sasurvelia
Semdegi strategiebis gamoyeneba:
- moswavleTa gamoZaxeba specialuri siis saSualebiT, romelic
dRis an kviris manZilze yvela moswavlis gamoZaxebas uzrunve­
lyofs, mTavaria moswavleebma ar SeniSnon gamokiTxvis sistema­
turoba;
- moswavleebs moswonT gamoZaxebis axali da uCveulo meTode­
bi, rogoricaa magaliTad, `yvela, visac ukeTia sayure, adges. es
kiTxva TqvenTvisaa.`, „nebismiers, visi dabadebis dRecaa ianvarSi,
TebervalSi an martSi, SeuZlia pasuxis gacema am kiTxvaze` da mx­
olod dasaxelebuli jgufebis moswavleebs SeuZliaT dasmul
kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema;
- kiTxvis dasmasa da pirveli moswavlis gamoZaxebas Soris, pa­
suxis mosafiqreblad aucilebelia drois garkveuli Sualedis
datoveba. Meri Bad Rous (1974) da sxvaTa mier Catarebuli kvlevebi
mowmoben, rom saSualod kiTxvis dasmasa da gamokiTxvis dawyebas
Soris, maswavleblebi misaReb drod Tvlian 1-dan 3 wamamde (Sou-
ca, 2001). Tanamedrove kvlevebi mowmobs, rom pasuxis mosafiqre­
blad aucilebelia moswavleebs, sul mcire, 5 wami mainc hqondeT.
moswavleTa umetesobas, gansakuTrebiT specialuri saganmana­
Tleblo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebs, kiTxvis auditoruli gada­
muSavebisTvis, sakuTari azrebis Tavmoyrisa da gadmocemisaTvis,
meti dro sWirdebaT. wyvilebSi muSaoba am TvalsazrisiT Zalian
sasargeblo strategiaa, radgan saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs
indvidualurad pasuxis gacemamde Tavisi mosazrebebi gauziaros
mewyviles. es avtomaturad met mosafiqrebel dros aZlevs kiTx­
vaze dasafiqreblad da pasuxis gasacemad.

3.4.4. Sefasebis strategiebi

rogorc wesi, moswavlis Sefaseba xdeba drois erTi monak­
veTidan meoremde miRebuli niSnebis safuZvelze. Sefaseba saSu­
alebas iZleva ganisazRvros, Tu moswavlis miRwevis done ramde­
nad Seesabameba misi Tanatolebis dones, misaRebi donis zeviTaa

88
 Tavi III
Tu qvemoT, ramdenad akmayofilebs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT
gansazRvrul moTxovnebs mocemuli sagnis saswavlo miznebTan
mimarTebaSi.
dRes arsebuli inkluziuri ganaTlebis modeli maswavleblis­
gan Sefasebis kriteriumebis mniSvnelovan gadaxedvas moiTxovs.
yvelaze didi problemaa ganviTarebis gansxvavebuli doneebis, un­
arebisa da interesebis mqone moswavleebisTvis saWiroebebis Sesa­
tyvisi swavlebisa da rogorc aucilebeli komponentis, Sefasebis

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

SeTavazeba, romelic iqneba obieqtu­ri da ara diskriminaciuli.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

maswavleblebi yoveldRiurad xvdebian konkretuli moswavlis
saWiroebebisamebr saswavlo gegmis an swavlebis modifikaciis
aucileblobas da mudmivad or saWiroebas Soris arian moqceul­
ni: erTis mxriv, maT moeTxovebaT yvela moswavlis saxelmwifo
standartebis Sesabamisi swavleba da Sefaseba, xolo meores mxriv
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone moswavleebis swavleba nebad­
arTulia da moTxovnilia individualuri saganmanaTleblo geg­
mebis Sesabamisad, rac maT Sefasebas sxva, klasis miznebisgan gan­
sxvavebuli miznebisa da aqtivobebis Sesabamisad moiTxovs. xSirad
es iwvevs Cveulebriv saklaso oTaxSi da swavlebaSi ori konfliq­
turi molodinis dakavSirebas, rac gansakuTrebiT mZafrad mo­
swavlis Sefasebisa da niSnebis miniWebis dros vlindeba. maswav­
lebelTa umravlesobas esmis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone
moswavleebisaTvis pirobebis adaptaciis saWiroeba, rogoricaa,
magaliTad, individualuri saganmanaTleblo gegmis SemuSaveba,
magram xSirad aviwydebaT, rom alternatiuli Sefasebis sistemac
SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas rogorc adaptaciis erT-erTi saxe. dRes
miRweulia SeTanxmeba, rom specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroe­
bebis mqone bavSvebi fasdebian igive 10-quliani sistemiT, rogorc
maTi Tanatolebi, magram Sefaseba xdeba maTi individualuri sa­
ganmanaTleblo gegmis miznebisa da aqtivobebis Sesabamisad.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom arsebobs Sefasebis ori forma _
ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli da TiToeuli Tavis mxriv
SeiZleba iyos mimdinare (saswavlo procesis manZilze) da Sema­
jamebeli (trimestris, saswavlo wlis bolos mimdinare Sefasebe­
bze dayrdnobiT gakeTebuli saboloo Sefaseba), mniSvnelovania,

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

maswavlebels naTlad hqondes warmodgenili, Tu ras afasebs da

risTvis afasebs, ra mizani aqvs im Sefasebas, romelsac is konkre­
tul SemTxvevaSi, konkretuli moswavlis mimarT iyenebs.

aucilebelia Sefasebis sxvadasxva meTodis gamoyeneba sa-

gnis miznis, amocanebisa da standartebis swori asaxvisaTvis.

65 maswavleblis mier dagegmili 309 gakveTilis analizisas

Campbell-ma da Evans-ma (2000) aRmoaCines, rom mxolod ramdenime
maTgani iyenebda Sefasebis universitetSi swavlis dros aTvise­
bul meTodebs. mkvlevarebma aseve aRniSnes, rom maswavleblebs
gakveTilebis 23%-Si an ar hqondaT an gamoyenebuli hqondaT
ara-dakvirvebadi miznebi da amocanebi. Tumca 113 gegmas gaaCnda
Sefasebis cxrilebi, mxolod 8 iyo Sesrulebuli. ar arsebobda
qulebis miniWebis obieqturi meTodebic.
aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom maswavleblebi Sefasebis swav­
lebis mniSvnelovan nawilad aRiarebis miuxedavad (81%) swavle­
basa da Sefasebas ganixilaven, rogorc gakveTilis gansxvavebul
waxnagebs da ara erTi da igive procesis nawilebs. ma­galiTad,
pedagogiuri testis Sedgenisas yuradReba eTmoba teqniku­ri
aspeqtebis demonstrirebas moswavlis progresis Sesaxeb das­
kvnebis gakeTebis gareSe.
dRes maswavleblebisaTvis uamravi resursi arsebobs, Sez­
Ruduli SesaZleblobis mqone moswavlis swori Sefasebis gansax­
orcieleblad gansxvavebuli midgomebis gamoyenebiT. maswav­
lebelTa amocanad rCeba sworad Sefasebis adekvaturi meTodis
SerCeva. meTodebis erTi nawili ufro validuri da sandoa, vidre
sxva. aucilebelia moiZebnos xidi ganaTlebis miznebs, saklaso
oTaxSi swavlebasa da Sefasebas Soris klasisa da sagnis miznebi­
dan da individualuri moswavlis SesaZleblobebidan gamomdin­
are. saukeTeso strategias warmoadgens gakveTilis sruli pake­
tis Sedgena, sadac gansazRvruli iqneba mocemuli dRis mizani da
amocanebi, instruqciebis miwodebis sistemebi da Sesatyvisi Se­
fasebis strategiebi.
qvemoT moyvanilia ramdenime rekomendacia specialuri sagan­
manaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis da maT Soris swav­

90
 Tavi III
lis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebis SefasebasTan dakav­
SirebiT.
a) Sefasebis alternatiuli meTodebis gamoyeneba (teqstis
moyolis magivrad suraTis aRwera an kiTxvebze pasuxis gace­
ma, maTematikuri magaliTis amoxsnis nacvlad, daTvla 20-mde
da a.S.), mowafis codnisa Tu unaris donis Sesafaseblad;
b) zepiri gamokiTxvis gamoyeneba werilobiTis magivrad an
piriqiT, Tu es daexmareba moswavles yuradRebis mobilize­

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

basa da codnis ukeT gamovlinebaSi;

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

g) Sefaseba Sesrulebaze dakvirvebis gziT, rodesac maswavle­
beli afasebs moswavlis Sromis Sedegs;
d) damatebiTi drois micema davalebis dasasruleblad;
e) specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvis
davalebis Sefaseba ramdenime komponentis mixedviT (magali­
Tad, organizacia, naweris siswore, sagnis gamovlenili cod­
na);
v) mravalpasuxiani testebis gamoyeneba moswavlis codnis Sesa­
mowmeblad.

3.5. modifikaciebisa da mxardamWeri instru-

mentebis gamoyeneba swavlis sirTuleebis
mqone moswavleTa swavlebis procesSi

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleebis efeqturi swav­

lebisaTvis maswavleblebs swavlebis, qcevis marTvisa da Sefasebis
adekvaturi strategiebis garda, xSirad sxvadasxva damxmare saSu­
alebebisa da modifikaciebis gamoyeneba sWirdebaT. Cveulebriv
maswavleblebs ar moeTxovebaT yvela strategiisa da damxmare
saSualebis efeqturi gamoyenebis codna. am mizniT skolaSi unda
arsebobdnen specialuri maswavleblebi, vinc mzad iqneba maswav­
leblebis daxmarebisa da xelSewyobisaTvis, magram es yovelTvis
SesaZlebeli ar aris.
qvemoT moyvanilia SesaZlo strategiebisa da daxmarebebis
Ca­monaTvali kiTxvarebis saxiT, romelic maswavleblebma SeiZ­
leba gamoiyenon gansxvavebuli saWiroebebis mqone bavSvisTvis

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

instruqciebis, swavlebis diferencirebisa da damatebiTi mxar­

daWeris uzrunvelsayofad. siaSi mocemuli nebismieri akomoda­
cia3 Tu modifikacia SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnas moswavlis in­
dividualuri saswavlo gegmisa Tu qcevis marTvis strategiebis
SemuSavebis dros.

davalebebisa da instruqciebis adaptacia

• SecvaleT an miusadageT bavSvis individualur SesaZle­
blobebs amocanebisa da davalebebis sigrZe.
• SeamcireT savaldebulo samuSaos odenoba sizustisa da
samuSaos xarisxis standartebis SenarCunebiT.
• gazardeT maswavleblis mier modelireba da gamoiyeneT
masalis sxvadasxva sensoruli arxis (mxedveloba, smena,
Sexeba) saSualebiT miwodebis meTodi.
• gazardeT varjiSis moculoba Tqveni meTvalyureobis
qveS.
• uzrunvelyaviT swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli rCevebi,
damatebiTi organaizerebi, nawilobrivi gegmebi da sxva
msgavsi damxmare saSualebebi.
• gamoiyeneT teqnologiebi da TamaSebi unarebis gasa­
varjiSeblad.
• uzrunvelyaviT xazgasmuli teqstebi ZiriTadi debule­
bebis an sityvebis Tu informaciis gamoyofiT.
• winaswar, axali Temis axsnamde, auxseniT axali leqsikoni.
• gamoiyeneT gamokiTxvis gansxvavebuli strategiebi mo­
swavleTa monawileobis gasaumjobeseblad.
• gazardeT pirdapiri ukukavSiris sixSire da raodenoba.
• gazardeT varjiSisa da gameorebis odenoba.
• xelmeored xazi gausviT mTavar ideebsa da ZiriTad de­
bulebebs.
• mieciT damatebiTi mosafiqrebeli dro (sul mcire 5 wami
mainc).

3 akomodacia warmoadgens masalis, swavlebisa Tu Sefasebis strategiebis

morgebas bavSvis SesaZleblobebsa da saWiroebebze.

92
 Tavi III
• uzrunvelyaviT pirdapiri, sistematuri swavleba gamov­
lenili susti sferoebis farglebSi unarebis gasanviTa­
reblad.
• moswavles, davalebis Sesrulebisas, yuradRebiT adevneT
Tvali, raTa darwmundeT, rom man sworad gaigo dasaxuli
amocana.
• damoukidebeli muSaobisas uzrunvelyaviT moswavle Ses­

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

asrulebeli davalebebis CamonaTvaliT.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

• daamateT feri/ferebi samuSaoze yuradRebis koncentra­
ciis gasazrdelad.
• gamoiyeneT mzeriT kontaqti da xmis modulacia yur­
adRebis SesanarCuneblad.
• davalebebi ise dayaviT, rom danawilebul iqnes patara
segmentebad. mieciT TiTo _ TiTo nawili da miawodeT
ukukavSiri TiToeuli nawilis Sesrulebis Semdeg.
• SeamcireT wignidan gadaweris saWiroeba qseroaslebis
gamoyenebiT.
• zepir instruqciebs daurTeT werilobiTi instruqciebi.
• gaamartiveT rTuli instruqciebi.
• davalebebis Sesasruleblad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,
mieciT damatebiTi dro.
• miusadageT davalebas moswavlis kiTxvis done.
• SesTavazeT davalebebis arCeva (mag., gansxvavebuli Teme­
bi da sirTulis doneebi, damoukideblad an mcire jgufSi
muSaobis SesaZlebloba).
• davalebis micemisas, mieciT nimuSebi da magaliTebi.
• davalebasTan dakavSirebiT winaswar gaacaniT Tqveni
molodinebi da davalebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi.
• mieciT swavlebis manZilze kontrolirebadi laparakis
saSualeba (mag., mewyvilesTvis kiTxvis dasma ganmartebi­
sTvis, azrebis gaziareba).
• gaaformeT moswavlesTan xelSekruleba konkretuli ode­
nobis davalebebisTvis Sesabamisi jildos miTiTebiT.
• uzrunvelyaviT moswavle cxrilebiTa da grafikebiT,

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

romlebic asaxaven Sesrulebuli davalebebis procents.

• gamoiyeneT dRiuri an raime sxva saSualeba mSobelTan ko­
munikaciisTvis moswavlis mier davalebebis Sesrulebis
gasaziareblad.
• gamoiyeneT taimeri jildoTi saklaso davalebebis Ses­
rulebis dasawyebad da droulad dasamTavreblad.
• gamoiyeneT davalebebis cxrili an Sesasrulebeli saqmee­
bis CamonaTvali (Sesrulebuli samuSaos Sesamowmeblad).
• miawodeT mSoblebs informacia (yovelkvireuli an TveSi
erTxel) bavSvis progresis, aseve Sesrulebuli, gamoto­
vebuli an arasrulad gakeTebuli davalebebis Sesaxeb.
• gazardeT swavlaSi daxmareba (maswavleblisgan, Tanak­
laselebisgan an damxmare maswavleblisgan).

masalis adaptacia
• gazardeT ukukavSiris sixSire da uSualoba (moqmedebaze
ukukavSiri maSinve unda miawodoT).
• neba darTeT moswavles gamoiyenos magnitofoni (diqto­
foni), raTa SeeZlos imdenjer mosmena, ramdenjerac das­
Wirdeba Canawerebis, magaliTad, instruqciebis, testis
kiTxvebis, leqciebis da saklaso mimoxilvebis, teqstis
Tavebis da TviT-organaizerebis.
• masala ise daalageT, rom gazardos moswavlis yuradRebis
koncentracia da fokusi. magaliTad, teqstis miwodebisas
furclis dafarebiT moswavlis yuradReba gaamaxvileT
mxo­lod erT abzacze, gamoiyeneT markerebi, CarCoebi an
sxva­dasxva feris cxrilebi ZiriTadi informaciis gamo­
sayofad.
• gazardeT teqstSi asoebis zoma da striqonebs Soris da­
Soreba.
• miawodeT moswavles markerebi gverdisTvis, rodesac is

94
 Tavi III
kiTxulobs _ magaliTad, muyaos saniSnebi, feradi Car­
Coebi da a.S..
• miawodeT hendautebi, romlebzec TiToeul gverdze nak­
lebi informaciaa mocemuli da advili wasakiTxia.
• gamoiyeneT praqtikuli aqtivobebi, TamaSebi da pazlebi,
romlebic aviTareben unarebs.
• gamoiyeneT taqtiluri masala (magaliTad, wera qviSaze).

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

• gamoiyeneT wignebi da saswavlo masalebi ganviTarebis sx­

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

vadasxva donisaTvis.

garemos akomodacia
• SeqmeniT mSvidi, winaswarmetyvelebadi garemo.
• gazardeT garemos struqtura.
• SeamcireT an moaSoreT distraqtorebi4: vizualuri, au­
ditoruli, sivrciTi an moZraobiTi.
• moawyveT samuSao kuTxe an saofise zona damoukidebeli
muSaobisas distraqtorebis raodenobis Sesamcireblad.
• gamoiyeneT vizualuri signalebi, rogoricaa jibis fanari
da vizualuri taimerebi moswavlis yuradRebis misaqcev­
ad da mosalodneli gadasvlebis, rutinis cvlilebis an
testisa Tu davalebis dasrulebis drois moaxloebis Se­
satyobineblad.
• gazardeT mewyvilis an swavlaSi amxanagis monawileoba
dRis manZilze davalebaze moswavlis yuradRebis fokusis
gasaZliereblad an instruciebis gagebis Sesamowmeblad.
• gazardeT maswavleblis siaxlove moswavlesTan. xSirad
imoZraveT qcevis problemebis an yuradRebis defici­
tis mqone moswavleebTan axlos, ideqiT maT axlos in­
struqciebis micemisas an leqciis axsnisas.

4 distraqtori – xelis SemSleli gamRizianeblebi, iqneba es xmauri, Tanaklase­

li, kedlebze suraTebis raodenoba da a.S.

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

• dasviT moswavle maswavlebelTan axlos.

• gamoiyeneT rutinis, procedurebisa da safexurebis vi­
zualuri an grafikuli gamosaxuleba.
• SeamcireT auditoruli distraqtorebi xelsawyoebis sa­
SualebiT (mag., yursasmenebi, TeTri xmauris musika).
• SeamcireT moZraoba da vizualuri xelisSemSlelebi, gan­
sakuTrebiT pirdapir vizualur velSi.
• dasviT moswavle fanjrebis, karebis, aqtivobebisa Tu
gadaadgilebis areebisgan moSorebiT.
• dasviT moswavle kargi yuradRebis mqone Tanaklaselebs
Soris.
• gamoiyeneT auditoruli mimaniSneblebi (mag., zanzala­
kis an sxva musikaluri instrumentis xma, auditoruli
taimeri) moswavleebis yuradRebis gasaZliereblad in­
struqciebisa Tu davalebebis micemis win.
• saSinao davalebebi dawereT erTi da igive adgilas oTaxSi
(magaliTad, dafis gansazRvrul mxares).

mexsierebis damxmare saSualebebi da akomodaciebi

• gamoiyeneT vizualuri an grafikuli instruqciebi ru­
tinis, procedurebisa da moqmedebebis safexurebis dam­
axsovrebis gasaadvileblad.
• gamoiyeneT asociaciuri strategiebi da damaxsovrebis
sxva meTodebi mexsierebis dasaxmareblad maTematikuri
faqtebis, spelingis, leqsikonisa da sxva gakveTilebis
swavlisas.
• gamoiyeneT melodia da riTmi informaciis damaxsovrebi­
sas.
• gamoiyeneT gasakeTebel saqmeTa sia.
• instruciebis mosmenis Semdeg, Tanamewyvileebma kidev
erTxel gansazRvron, ra unda gaakeTon.
• mniSvnelovnad gazardeT gameorebisa da varjiSis
SesaZleb­lobebi.

96
 Tavi III
• uzrunvelyaviT damaxsovrebis saSualebebi maTematiki­
saTvis, rogoricaa ricxvebis rigebi, gamravlebis tabula
da cxrilebi, furceli formulebiTa da moqmedebebis
TanmimdevrobiT da kalkulatori.
• gamoiyeneT Ceklistebi, davalebaTa baraTebi, molodi­
nebis Semxseneblebi da miTiTebebi damoukidebeli muSao­
bisaTvis.

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad
organizacia da drois marTvis damxmare saSualebebi
da akomodaciebi
• uzrunvelyaviT davalebebis kalendari an gegma an dava­
lebebis cxrili da moiTxoveT davalebebis yoveldRiuri
Ca­ni­Svna.
• uzrunvelyaviT pirdapiri dakvirveba an daxmareba (mag.,
Tanatoli swavlaSi damxmares an maswavleblis) raTa dar­
wmunebuli iyoT, rom davalebebi yoveldRiurad aris
CaniSnuli da saxlSi waRebuli.
• gamoiyeneT programa, romelic aswavlis moswavleebs
organizebasa da swavlebis unarebs, rogoricaa unarebi
skolaSi warmatebisaTvis.
• moaxdineT davalebebis dRiurSi an kalendarSi Caweris
modelireba.
• maswavlebelma dRis bolos Seamowmos saxlSi wasaRebi ma­
salebi da davalebebi.
• gamoiyeneT feradi rveulebi, feradi gamyofebi, romle­
bic saSualebas miscemen bavSvebs ganasxvaon da swrafad
da advilad ipovon sxvadasxva sagani.
• moswavlis merxze daamagreT yoveldRiuri an kvireuli
davalebebis sia.
• SezRudeT merxis zevidan da merxSi arsebuli sagnebis ra­
odenoba.
• gamoyaviT dro da daxmareba merxis, zurgCanTisa da
rveulebis dasalageblad.

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

• nimuSebad gamoiyeneT kargad organizebuli rveulebi,

proeqtebi da a.S.
• daexmareT klasSi sivrcisa da masalis organizebaSi.
• uzrunvelyaviT jildoebi da bonusebi wesrigisTvis.
• dayaviT grZeli davalebebi Semadgenel nawilebad. daniS­
neT davalebis nawilebis Cabarebis Sualeduri TariRebi
da daexmareT drois marTvaSi da davalebis droiTi lim­
itebis monitoringSi.
• daexmareT moswavles davalebis dasrulebisaTvis saWiro
drois gansazRvraSi.
• saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moaxdineT saSinao davalebis mod­
ifikacia, yuradRebiT moekideT mSoblis ukukavSirs.
• daexmareT moswavles saSinao davalebis Sesrulebis daw­
yebaSi skolaSi.

weriTi akomodaciebi da modifikaciebi
• SeamcireT werilobiTi davalebebis raodenoba.
• uzrunvelyaviT weraSi siZnelis mqone moswavle sxva mo­
swavlis saklaso Canawerebis asliT.
• mieciT kompiuteris gamoyenebis saSualeba werilobiTi
davalebebis Sesasruleblad.
• mieciT saSualeba gamoavlinos codna weris alternatiu­
li saSualebebiT (magaliTad, zepiri gamocda, proeqtebi,
demonstraciebi, vizualuri gamosaxulebebi).
• neba darTeT pasuxi gasces pirdapir furcelze an testis
bukletSi, vidre gadaweros pasuxebi sxva furcelze an pa­
suxebis gverdze.
• mieciT damatebiTi dro werilobiTi pasuxebisTvis.
• mieciT saSualeba moswavlem ukarnaxos pasuxebi, rodesac
vinme sxva iwers maT.
• SeurCieT fanqris gripi5, raTa bavSvisTvis fanqris gamoy­
eneba komfortuli iyos.

5 fanqris gripi – fanqarze an pastaze gasakeTebeli specialuri Camosacmeli,

romelic aadvilebs fanqris xelSi daWeras.

98
 Tavi III
• uzrunvelyaviT moswavle specialuri dafiT, romelzec
SesZlebs furclebis damagrebas.
• scadeT xazebs Soris sxvadasxva daSorebis mqone fur­
clebis gamoyeneba: weris problemebis mqone bavSvebi zogi
kargad wers xazebs Soris didi daSorebis mqone furcel­
ze, zogi piriqiT _ mcire daSorebis mqone furcelze.
• uzrunvelyaviT Tqveni molodinebis (ras eliT maTi nawer­

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

isgan) modelebi da rubrikebi.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

• uzrunvelyaviT grafikuli organaizerebi yvela werilo­
biTi davalebisa da JanrisTvis.
• uzrunvelyaviT pirdapiri daxmareba da mxardaWera (mag­
aliTad, Semowmebasa da ideebis organizebaSi).

kiTxvis akomodaciebi
• uzrunvelyaviT moswavle sakiTxavi literaturiT misi
kiTxvis donisa da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
• gamoiyeneT grafikuli organaizerebi teqstis gagebis
uzrunvelsayofad.
• gamoiyeneT audio wignebi.
• gamoiyeneT pirdapiri, sistematuri instruqciebi kiTx­
vaSi siZneleebis dasaZlevad.
• gazardeT kiTxvis dro da kiTxvaze savarjiSoebi.
• instruqciebi da davalebebi xmamaRla waukiTxeT moswav­
les da gadaamowmeT, ramdenad gaigo.

testirebis akomodacia
• testirebamde gaimeoreT, gaimeoreT, gaimeoreT.
• uzrunvelyaviT moswavleebi testebis aslebiT da mokle
anotaciebiT, romlebic advili wasakiTxia.
• testSi maqsimalurad Tavi aarideT rTuli, orazrovani
sityvebis gamoyenebas.

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

• gamotoveT testis zogierTi davaleba.

• miawodeT moswavles testuri kiTxvebis sxvadasxva tipis
nimuSebi.
• swavlebis manZilze xSirad gamoiyeneT mokle testebi,
gamocanebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen gavlili masalis
gameorebas da moswavleebs daexmarebian sakuTari codnis
adekvatur SefasebaSi.
• xmamaRla waikiTxeT testis sxvadasxva nawilis winmswrebi
instruqciebi.
• uzrunvelyaviT damatebiTi samuSao adgili, gansa­
kuTrebiT maTematikis Sefasebisas.
• mraval-alternativiani kiTxvebis miwodebisas pasuxebis
CamonaTvali miawodeT vertikalurad da ara horizonta­
lurad.
• SeamcireT erTi testis niSnis wona. gamoiyeneT mokle
testebi, magram testireba xSirad ganaxorcieleT.
• mieciT moswavleebs saSualeba testi CagabaroT zepirad
werilobiT Sesrulebis Semdeg, Tu isini grZnoben, rom
zepirad SeZleben sakuTari codnis ukeT gamovlinebas.
zepir gamokiTxvaSi isini damatebiT Sefasebas miiReben.
• ar SeafasoT gramatikuli da sxva saxis meqanikuri Sec­
domebi im testebSi, romelTa mizania sxvadasxva saganSi
Sinaarsis codnis Sefaseba.
• xmamaRla waukiTxeT moswavles testis davalebebi.
• testireba CaatareT gansxvavebul adgilas (magaliTad,
resurs _ oTaxSi).
• CautareT swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavles te­
stireba danarCeni klasisgan gansxvavebul dros.
• mieciT damatebiTi dro testirebisaTvis.
• maTematikaSi moswavlis codnis Sefasebisas neba darTeT
kalkulatorisa da gamravlebis tabulis gamoyenebaze,
Tu testis mizania problemebis gadaWrisa da ara angari­
Sis unaris Sefaseba.

100
 Tavi III
• testireba CaatareT patar-patara intervalebiT ramden­
ime sesiad.
• mieciT xanmokle Sesvenebis saSualeba testirebis man­
Zilze.
• mieciT yursacobebis gamoyenebis saSualeba xmauris Sesa­
mcireblad.

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad
3.6. klasis marTva da pozitiuri qcevis
mxardaWeris strategia
inkluziuri ganaTlebis prioritetad aRiarebam maswavlebel­
Ta umetesoba daayena swavlis unaris darRvevebis mqone bavSvebis
swavlebis aucileblobis winaSe. ar arsebobs skola, romelSic
erTi bavSvi mainc ar aris specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroe­
bis mqone da ar arsebobs specializirebuli, sajaro skola,
romelSic yvela bavSvi Tanabari da msgavsi SesaZleblobebisa da
saWiroebebis iqneba. inkluziuri ganaTlebis modeli orientire­
bulia swored gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebisa da saWiroebebis
mqone bavSvebis efeqtur da xarisxian swavlebaze erT garemoSi
_ erT saklaso oTaxSi, rac maswavleblisgan klasis marTvisa da
swavlebis efeqturi strategiebis flobas saWiroebs, raTa aravin
ar darCes adekvaturi midgomisa da moTxovnebis miRma.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ar arsebobs saklaso oTaxi, sadac moswav­
leebs drodadro, zogs ufro xSirad, zogs iSviaTad, ar eqnebaT
qcevasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, rac maswavleblis mxridan
damatebiT Zalisxmevasa da qcevis marTvis sxvadasxva strategiis
gamoyenebas moiTxovs, sanam moxdeba mocemuli konkretuli mo­
swavlisaTvis adekvaturi midgomis SerCeva.
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi ganxorcielebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom
pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris strategiis gamoyenebiT, SesaZle­
belia qcevis seriozuli problemebis Semcireba da Sesabamisad,
swavlebisTvis xelSemwyobi garemos Seqmna.
mocemuli strategia mniSvnelovani damxmare iaraRia maswav­
leblisTvis, raTa miaRwios ZiriTad mizans _ aswavlos yvela

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

bavSvs, maTi SesaZleblobebisa da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

keTilganwyobil, usafrTxo da bavSvis kognituri da socialuri,
pirovnuli ganviTarebis xelSemwyob garemoSi.

3.6.1. klasis marTvis strategiebi

klasis marTvis strategiebis gamoyenebis mTavari mizania sak­

laso oTaxSi iseTi garemos Seqmna, romelic xels Seuwyobs da
gaaadvilebs moswavleTa akademiur da socialur-emociur swav­
lebas maTi unarebisa da SesaZleblobebis miuxedavad, e.i. maTi
gansxvavebuli unarebisa da saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. aqedan
gamomdinare, klasis marTva or amocanas emsaxureba: 1. is mimar­
Tulia ara mxolod mowesrigebuli garemos Seqmnasa da Senar­
Cunebaze, aramed yvela moswavlis CarTvaze saswavlo procesSi
da 2. uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa socialur da pirovnul zrdas.
mniSvnelovania ara mxolod wesrigis miRweva gakveTilze, aramed
is saSualebebic, romlebsac maswavlebeli mimarTavs am wesrigis
misaRwevad da SesanarCuneblad.

102
 Tavi III
kargad organizebuli saklaso oTaxis maxasiaTeblebia:
1. moswavleebi CarTulni arian Tavisi davalebebis Sesrule­
baSi;
2. moswavleebma ician, Tu ras elian maTgan da arian warmate­
bulni;
3. Zalian mcire dro rCeba arastruqturirebuli an xelis­
SemSleli aqtivobebisTvis;

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

4. saklaso oTaxis klimati orientirebulia muSaobaze, magram

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

sasiamovno da komfortulia.
imisaTvis, rom es maxasiaTeblebi TiToeuli saklaso oTaxis
realobad iqces, moswavleebis saWiroebebisa da SesaZleblobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, aucilebelia:

1. fizikuri garemos mowesrigeba da organizeba:

xSirad TviT saklaso oTaxis garemo SeiZleba gaxdes probl­
emuri qcevis gamomwvevi. Zalian mniSvnelovania, saklaso oTaxis
mowyobisas, Semdegi rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswineba:
– yvela moswavlis adgilidan SesaZlebeli unda iyos maswavle­
blis da dafis danaxva;
– saklaso oTaxis kedlebze gamokruli masala ar unda iwvevdes
moswavleebis yuradRebis gafantvas, maqsimalurad unda avici­
loT Tavidan siWrele kedlebze;
– sasurvelia merxebs Soris sakmarisi adgilis datoveba mo­
swavleTa (gansakuTrebiT etliT mosargeble moswavleebis) da­
moukidebeli gadaadgilebis gasaadvileblad;
– saklaso oTaxSi bunebrivi ganaTebis uzrunvelyofa da an­
areklebis, mkveTri, TvalismomWreli Suqis, CrdilebisTvis Tavis
arideba;
– xmauris wyaroebis minimumamde dayvana.

2. saklaso rutinis SemuSaveba da swavleba

moswavleebs sWirdebaT icodnen, Tu ras moelis maTgan maswav­
lebeli sxvadasxva situaciaSi da sxvadasxva aqtivobis Sesrulebi­
sas. saklaso rutina warmoadgens proceduraTa Tanmimdevrobas

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

dRis manZilze mosalodneli aqtivobebis SemTxvevaSi, misaRebi

moqmedebebisa da maTi darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, maswavleblis mxri­
dan mosalodneli Carevis Sesaxeb.
saklaso rutinis SemuSavebaSi TviTon moswavleebic iReben aq­
tiur monawileobas. maswavlebels SeuZlia mcire diskusia moawy­
os, Tu raSi gvWirdeba iseTi wesebi, rogoricaa magaliTad, xelis
aweva maswavleblisTvis kiTxvis dasasmelad, gakveTilis dawyebi­
sas mocemuli sagnis wignebisa da rveulebis gamzadeba, werilo­
biTi davalebis damTavrebisas maswavleblis yuradRebis miqceva
sxvebisTvis xeli SeSlis gareSe da a.S.
rogorc wesi, saklaso rutinaSi gawerilia iseT aqtivobebT­
an dakavSirebuli procedurebi, romelic klasisa da zogadad,
skolis, yoveldRiurobas warmoadgens. winaswari informirebu­
loba mosalodnel aqtivobebze da am SemTxvevaSi maswavleblisT­
vis moswavlis misaReb qcevaze, mniSvnelovnad amcirebs klasSi
problemuri qcevis gamovlenis albaTobas.
saklaso rutinaSi SesaZlebelia gawerili iyos procedurebi
da wesebi Semdegi aqtivobebisTvis:
- dRis dawyeba;
- saklaso oTaxSi Sesvla da saklaso oTaxidan gasvla;
- rveulebis darigeba _ akrefa;
- gakveTilis axsna;
- davalebis adre damTavreba;
- kiTxvebis dasma;
- saWiro oTaxSi gasvla;
- daxmarebis Txovna;
- gacdena.

3. qcevis marTvis strategiebis gamoyeneba

maswavleblis mxridan qcevis marTvis strategiebis gamoy­
enebis mTavari mizania, saklaso oTaxSi da mis gareT problemuri
qcevis Tavidan acileba da/an misi Semcireba.
ra qcevas veZaxiT problemurs? SeiZleba gansazRvrebebi iyos
mravalferovani da aRwerilobiT gansxvavebuli, magram yvelani
vTanxmdebiT _ problemuria is qceva, romelic xels uSlis mo­

104
 Tavi III
swavlis swavlas da/an TanatolebTan da ufrosebTan socialur
aqtivobebSi CarTvas. am gansazRvrebis qveS eqceva gaxangrZlive­
buli tantrumebi6, sityvieri an fizikuri agresia, xelisSemSleli
vokaluri an motoruli aqtivoba (yvirili, stereotipuli moZ­
raobebi, rogoricaa rweva, pastis xelSi wvaleba), nivTebis gafu­
Weba, TviTdazianeba, daumorCilebloba, maswavleblis kiTxvebis
ignorireba da gaqceva.
ukanasknel wlebSi swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavle­

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

Ta swavlebisa da maTi qcevis marTvis erT-erT efeqtur meTodad

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

ganixileba pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris strategia, romelsac
Cven dawvrilebiT Semdeg TavSi aRvwerT. erTaderTi, rac aucile­
blad unda gvaxsovdes qcevis marTvaze saubrisas, nebismieri mo­
swavlis SemTxvevaSi aris, rom:
1. aucilebelia moswavleebs avuxsnaT, Tu ra wesebia Cvens sak­
laso oTaxSi;
2. ZiriTadi wesebis raodenoba, romelic ar aris damokidebu­
li gakveTilis Sinaarsze da aregulirebs saklaso oTaxSi
moswavleTa qcevas, ar unda aRematebodes 5–s. magaliTad,
Cven sazogadod gvWirdeba, rom moswavle 1. Cumad ismendes
gakveTils; 2. xelis aweviT pasuxobdes maswavlebels kiTx­
vaze; 3. usmendes Tavis Tanatols; 4. xelis aweviT svamdes
kiTxvas. wesebi SeiZleba klasidan klasamde icvlebodes mas­
wavleblisa da moswavleebis saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
3. aucilebelia, rom moswavleebma icodnen, Tu ra moxdeba wesis
darRvevis SemTxvevaSi. Sesabamisad, ra jarimas, Tu sasjels
davawesebT konkretuli wesis darRvevisas, romelsac
aucileblad gamoviyenebT. es moswavleebs daexmareba iswav­
lon, rom maT qcevas moyveba konkretuli Sedegi.

6 tantrumi inglisuri sityvidan „tantrum“ dafuZnda Cvens enaSi da niSnavs

mrisxanebis, gaRizianebis Setevas, rasac xSirad „isterikas“ veZaxiT. damaxas­
iaTebeli qceviTi komponentebia: tirili, yvirili, iatakze gagoreba, fexebis
bakuni da a.S. xSirad bavSvebi tantrums mimarTaven raimes (mag. saTamaSo,
tansacmeli da a.S.) miRebis mizniT.

105
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

3.6.2. pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris strategia

wlidan wlamde sul ufro TvalsaCino xdeba swavlis, qce­visa da
socialuri Tu emociuri problemebis mqone bavSvebis swavlebisa
da qcevis marTvis strategiebis cvlilebis aucilebloba. xSirad
saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisi muSaoba TiTqmis SeuZlebelia bavS­
vis qcevis problemebis gamo, rac SeiZleba gamovlindes rogorc
agresiuli, gamomwvevi qcevis, aseve SfoTvis, socialuri gari­
yulobis, depresiisa da naswavli ususurobis saxiT. mniSvnelova­
nia, rom maswavlebels SeeZlos msgavsi qcevebis identifikacia da
moswavlisTvis drouli daxmarebis gaweva.
unda gvaxsovdes, rom:
- qcevaTa umravlesoba naswavlia garemosTan urTierTqmede­
bis Sedegad;
- problemuri qceva bavSvisTvis garemosTan urTierTobis
xSirad erTaderT nacnob formas warmoadgens. bavSvi am qceviT
gveubneba, Tu ra unda, ras moelis Cvengan;
- qcevaTa umravlesobas aqvs Tavisi funqcia; rogorc kvle­
vebiT mtkicdeba, qcevaTa mravalferovneba or ZiriTad funq­
ciaze SeiZleba daviyvanoT; esaa raimesTvis Tavis arideba da/an
raimes miReba;
- qceva ar xorcieldeba umizezod da umiznod; warmoidgineT
Semdegi situacia: maswavlebelma moswavles saSinao davalebis
Cveneba sTxova (problemuri qcevis winmswrebi movlena), moswav­
le yviris da isvris wignebsa da rveulebs (problemuri qceva) da
maswavlebeli mas klasidan uSvebs (qcevis Sedegi). am situaciaSi
TvalsaCinod Cans, rom moswavlis problemuri qcevis mizani iyo
saSinao davalebis CabarebisTvis Tavis arideba. Sesabamisad, nebi­
smier problemur qcevaze raime daskvnis gakeTebamde, misi funq­
ciis gansazRvrisTvis aucilebelia uSualod problemuri qcevis
winmswrebi da Semdgomi movlenebis aRwera. zustad es aris qcevis
Sefasebis pirveli nabiji, davinaxoT: problemuri qcevis winswre­
bi movlena _ problemuri qceva _ problemuri qcevis ganxorci­
elebis Semdgomi movlenebi;
- problemuri qcevis identifikaciis, qcevis winmswrebi da Sem­
dgomi movlenebis aRweris Semdeg, SesaZlebeli xdeba qcevis fun­

106
 Tavi III
qciis gansazRvra da Sesabamisi Carevis, qcevis cvlilebis strate­
giis SemuSaveba, romelic orientirebuli iqneba:

problemuri qcevis prevenciaze7(problemuri qceva ar

vlindeba, radgan garemoSi aRar aris misi gamomwvevi mize­
zebi _ winswrebi movlenebi);
problemuri qcevis sanacvlod socialurad misaRebi qce­
vis swavlebaze, raTa moswavles SeeZlos igive miznis ukve

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

sxvebisTvisac misaRebi gziT miRweva.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

problemuri qcevis socialurad misaRebi qceviT Canacvlebis
yvelaze efeqtur gzad dResdReobiT swored pozitiuri qcevis
mxardaWeris strategia iTvleba. mocemuli strategiis ZiriTadi
mizania pozitiuri qceviTi Carevebis gziT moxdes bavSvisTvis
misaRebi qcevis swavleba. rodesac maswavleblebi saklaso oTaxSi
mimarTaven pozitiuri qcevis marTvis strategias, maT eZlevaT sa­
Sualeba Seqmnan pozitiuri da wamaxalisebeli garemo, sadac mxar­

7 prevencia – specialuri RonisZiebebi, romelic garemodan problemis Sesa­

Zlo gamomwvevebis moSorebas gulisxmobs. mag. gripis vaqcinacia warmoadgens
gaciebis prevenciis TvalsaCino magaliTs.

107
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

daWerili iqneba moswavlis aqtiuri monawileoba saswavlo pro­

cesSi da swavlebaSi. aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom qcevis marTvis
tradiciul midgomasa da pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris strate­
gias Soris, mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa. tradiciuli midgoma
efuZneba mtkicebulebas, rom moswavle misaRebi qcevisTvis unda
dajildovdes, xolo miuRebeli qcevisTvis _ daisajos. poziti­
uri qcevis mxardaWera ki problemur qcevas ganixilavs, rogorc
Cvevis, codnis naklebobas da mimarTulia mocemul situaciaSi
misaRebi qcevis identifikaciaze, problemuri qcevis prevenciasa
da misaRebi qcevis swavlebaze (tradiciuli da pozitiuri qcevis
marTvis strategiebis SedarebiTi analizi ix. cxrili #1).
tradiciuli midgomis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, problemuri
qcevis xanmokle Sewyveta miiRweva, magram ar xdeba msgavs situ­
aciaSi sasurveli, misaRebi qcevis swavleba, rac problemuri
qcevis xelmeored gamovlinebis albaTobas zrdis. amis sawinaaR­
mdegod, pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWera moswavles sasurvelis
miRebis problemuri qcevis alternatiul, socialurad misaReb
qcevas sTavazobs, rac momavalSi amcirebs problemuri qcevis aR­
mocenebis albaTobas.

cxrili #1: SedarebiTi analizi

problemuri qcevis marT­ pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWera

visadmi tradiciuli midgoma

• nebismieri qcevis SemTx­ • Careva iTvaliswinebs qce­

vevaSi Carevis erTnairi vis mizans, funqcias;
strategia; • Careva proaqtiulia;
• Careva reagirebis saxes at­ • aqcenti keTdeba axali un­
arebs; arebis swavlaze;
• aqcenti keTdeba qcevis Sem­ • Carevas xangrZlivi efeqti
cirebaze; aqvs.
• aq da amJamad problemuri
qcevis swrafi Sewyveta.

108
 Tavi III
mocemuli migdoma ramdenime Tanmimdevrul etapad xorcieldeba
(ix. grafiki #2). upirveles yovlisa, rodesac vsaubrobT proble­
mur qcevaze, unda gvaxsovdes, rom pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWer­
is strategiis gamoyeneba saWiro xdeba bavSvebis mxolod mcire
jgufTan, visi qcevac ar eqvemdebareba skolis sivrceSi arsebul
wesebsa da pozitiur mxardamWer garemos da saWiroebs qcevis mar­
Tvis individualuri gegmis SemuSavebas (ix. grafiki #3).

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

grafiki #2: pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris strategiis

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

ganxorcielebis procesi.

nabiji 1: jgufis Camoyalibeba da miznebis gansazRvra.

nabiji 2: informaciis Segroveba (qcevaze dakvirveba).

nabiji 3: hipoTezebis Camoyalibeba.

nabiji 4: qcevis marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba.

nabiji 5: gegmis ganxorcieleba, monitoringi, Sedegebis

Sefaseba, gadaxedva.

grafiki #3: swavlebis piramida.

bavSvebis mcire jgufi pozitiuri

qcevis mxardaWera

bavSvebi risk-jgufidan socialuri da emociuri

strategiebis swavleba

mxardamWeri
garemos mowyoba
yvela bavSvi

pozitiuri
urTierTobebis damyareba

109
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris strategiis ganxorcielebis

procesi

nabiji #1: jgufis Camoyalibeba da miznebis gansazRvra

kvlevebi da gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom multidisciplinuri
gundis Camoyalibebisas aucilebelia Semdegi faqtorebis gaT­
valiswineba:
• rwmena, rom yvela bavSvs SeuZlia swavla;
• jgufis saqmianobis zusti gansazRvra;
• jgufis wevrebis rolebisa da funqciebis zusti gansazRvra;
• erTiani mizani;
• TanamSromlobaze dafuZnebuli samuSao urTierTobebi
(jgufSi ar aris eqsperti);
• gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi Tanabari pasuxismgebloba;
• Tanabari pasuxismgebloba Sedegebze;
• regularuli, winaswar SeTanxmebuli Sexvedrebi momzadebu­
li programiT da dokumentirebuli strategiebi da rekomen­
daciebi;
• problemis gadaWris monacemebze dafuZnebuli formatis
gamoyeneba. problemis gadaWris tipiuri formatia:

safexuri 1: problemis garkveva _ romelia yvelaze mniS­

vnelovani problemuri qceva mocemuli moswavlis Sem­
TxvevaSi?
safexuri 2: problemis analizi _ ra iwvevs am qcevas da ra
funqcias asrulebs is bavSvisTvis _ aridebs raimes
Tavs, Tu iRebs raimes problemuri qcevis Sedegad?
safexuri 3: qceviTi Carevis SesaZlo strategiebis mo-
fiqreba/gansazRvra _ rogor SeiZleba Seicvalos
problemuri qceva CvenTvis misaRebi qceviT?
safexuri 4: qcevis marTvis strategiis SerCeva _ ra
strategias gamoviyenebT am moswavlis qcevis samarTa­
vad _ ignorirebas, SeniSvnebisa da jarimebis sistemas,
dajildoebis axal sistemas da a.S.

110
 Tavi III
safexuri 5: danergvis proceduris gaanalizeba _ jgufis
wevrebis pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvra _ vin, sad da
rogor ganaxorcielebs SemuSavebul da SeTanxmebul
qcevis marTvis gegmas?
safexuri 6: qcevis marTvis gegmis ganxorcieleba
safexuri 7: gegmis efeqturobis Sefaseba _ Semcirda prob­
lemuri qcevis gamovlenis sixSire, xangrZlivoba da/an
Sewyda problemuri qceva?

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

safexuri 8: saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gegmis gadaxedva-cv-

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

lileba _ Tu problemuri qcevis gamovlenis sixSire,
intensivoba da a.S. ar Seicvala, aucilebelia gegmis
gadaxedva da cvlilebebi.
multidisciplinuri gundis struqtura da zoma
multidisciplinuri gundi ikribeba moswavlis saWiroebidan
gamomdinare da Sesabamisad masSi unda gaerTiandnen yvela is adami­
anebi, visi azric mniSvnelovani iqneba qcevis marTvis swori gegmis
SesamuSaveblad. Sesabamisad, gundi SeiZleba aerTianebdes:
• maswavleblebs;
• moswavleebs;
• mSoblebs;
• administraciis warmomadgenlebs;
• konsultantebs (fsiqologi, spec. pedagogi, metyvelebis
Terapevti da a.S.);
• sxva.
nabiji #2: informaciis Segroveba /qcevaze dakvirveba/
gundis Sexvedraze xdeba gadawyvetilebis miReba, Tu romeli
qceva saWiroebs maqsimalur yuradRebas, romeli qceva warmoad­
gens yvelaze problemurs. qcevis zusti aRwerisa da misi gamomwvevi
da SemanarCunebeli faqtorebis gansazRvris mizniT, xdeba qcevis
funqcionaluri Sefasebis gamoyeneba, romelic efeqturia:
1. roca qceva xels uSlis bavSvs swavlaSi;
2. roca swavleba individualuri saganmanaTleblo gegmis Ses­
abamisad ar/ver xorcieldeba da saswavlo miznebis miRweva
ar xdeba drois garkveuli monakveTis manZilze. aseT SemTx­

111
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

vevaSi qcevis funqcionaluri Sefasebis safuZvelze Sesa­

Zloa gamovlindes xelisSemSleli faqtorebi;
3. roca arsebobs sadavo sakiTxebi mSobelsa da skolis admin­
istracias Soris;
4. roca bavSvi icvlis saswavlo garemos: klass, skolas da a.S.
problemuri qcevis/qcevebis gamo.
qcevis funqcionaluri Sefaseba procesia, romlis ganmavloba­
Sic xdeba mniSvnelovani informaciis Segroveba moswavlis qcevis
marTvis gegmis SesamuSaveblad. qcevis sruli funqcionaluri Se­
faseba uzrunvelyofs problemuri qcevis SemanarCunebeli Sede­
gebisa da konteqstis identificirebas, gansazRvravs, konkre­
tuli moswavlis SemTxvevaSi ra funqcias emsaxureba misi qceva
(raimesTvis Tavis arideba Tu raimes mopoveba) da rac yvelaze
mniSvnelovania, saSualebas iZleva informaciis Segrovebis pro­
cesSive moxdes hipoTezebis formulireba, Tu rogoraa SesaZle­
beli am qcevis Canacvleba socialurad ufro misaRebi qceviT.
aseve, qcevis funqcionaluri Sefaseba warmoadgens karg sazoms
dagegmili qcevis marTvis strategiebis efeqturobis Sesafase­
blad da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ Sesacvlelad.

qcevis funqcionaluri Sefasebis ZiriTadi debulebebia:

• problemur qcevas aqvs konkretuli mizani da funqcia;
• erT qcevas (mag: dartyma) SesaZloa bevri mizezi da funqcia
hqondes erTi da igive an sxvadasxva situaciaSi/garemoSi;
• problemuri qceva zogierTi bavSvisTvis SesaZloa komuni­
kaciis saSualeba iyos (mag: erTma bavSvma SesaZloa meores
daartyas an xeli hkras adgilis gasaTavisufleblad da ase­
Ti saxiT Seecados Tavisi moTxovnilebis gamoxatvas; xolo
sxva bavSvma SesaZloa igive qceviT gamoxatos imedgacrueba,
raime sagnis moTxovna an dasvenebis saWiroeba);
• qcevas aqvs mizezi, is ar aris SemTxveviTi. umravles SemTx­
vevaSi qceva umizezod ar vlindeba da SesaZlebelia am mizez­
is/mizezebis gamovlena. problemur, xelisSemSlel qcevas
SesaZloa samedicino, emociuri, nevrologiuri, Zilisa da
sxva tipis problemebi edos safuZvlad.

112
 Tavi III
qcevis funqcionaluri Sefaseba gulisxmobs swored qcevisad­
mi iseT midgomas, romelic uzrunvelyofs qceviTi da akademiuri
sirTuleebis ganmamtkicebeli faqtorebis identifikacias da am
SemTxvevaSi problemuri qceva bevrad gasagebi xdeba misi winms­
wrebi da Semdgomi movlenebis gaanalizebis Semdeg.

qcevis funqcionaluri Sefasebis oTxi ZiriTadi amocanaa:

1. aRweros qceva;

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

2. winaswar gaTvalos sad da rodis SeiZleba gamovlindes msgav­

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

si qceva;
3. gansazRvros konkretuli qcevis SesaZlo mizezebi konkre­
tuli bavSvis SemTxvevaSi, sxvadasxva drosa da garemoSi;
4. qcevis mizezebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Camoayalibos Carevis
strategia, romelic uzrunvelyofs problemis gadaWras da
problemuri qcevis magivrad, socialurad misaRebi qcevis
swavlebas.
qcevis funqcionaluri SefasebisTvis informaciis mopove-
ba xdeba ori gziT; kerZod:
1. arapirdapiri: bavSvTan da im adamianebTan gasaubreba, rom­
lebsac masTan pirdapiri kavSiri aqvT, Canawerebis (sabuTebi­
sa da cnobebis) mimoxilva da Sesafasebeli ska­lebis gamoy­
eneba;
2. pirdapiri: bavSvis qcevaze uSualo dakvirveba winaswar Se­
Tanxmebuli periodis (1 kvira, 2 kvira, konkretuli gak­ve­Ti­
lebi/situacia da a.S.) ganmavlobaSi.
qcevis funqcionaluri Sefaseba 4 safexurisgan Sedgeba,
romelTagan bolo ori safexuri pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris
strategiis mesame da meoTxe safexurebis Sesabamisia (ix. suraTi
#3) da maT mogvianebiT ganvixilavT.
qcevis funqcionaluri Sefasebis pirvel etaps qcevis aRwera
warmoadgens. xdeba Sesafasebeli qcevis (problemuri qcevis) Ser­
Ceva da misi aRwera konkretuli maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
kerZod, rogoria problemuri qcevis sixSire, rodis vlindeba es
qceva, sad, ra garemoSi, vin arian monawileebi? ra uswrebs uSua­

113
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

lod win mocemul qcevas (magaliTad, maswavlebelma moswavles

misca individualuri davaleba, sTxova TanaklaselisTvis pas­
tis Txoveba da a.S.) da ra moyveba uSualod am problemur qcevas
(magaliTad, maswavlebelma misca individualuri davaleba _ mo­
swavlem daiwyo tirili _ maswavlebelma dauwyo damSvideba dava­
leba Seusrulebeli darCa). aRniSnuli informacia saWiroa qcevis
funqciis gansazRvrisTvis (mag. moyvanil magaliTSi moswavlem
tiriliT Tavi aarida arasasurveli davalebis Sesrulebas), raTa
problemur qcevasTan dakavSirebiT SemuSavdes swori hipoTeza8,
rac qcevis marTvis swori strategiis arCevis garantiaa.
qcevis funqcionaluri Sefasebis meore etapze xdeba damate­
biTi monacemebis Segroveba: problemuri qcevis ukeT gasagebad
maswavleblebma da mSoblebma SesaZloa mizanSewonilad CaTvalon
damatebiTi informaciis mopoveba. kerZod, moswavlis sxva mas­
wavleblebTan, TanaklaselebTan, maT Soris TviT moswavlesTan
gasaubreba. efeqturia, agreTve, qcevaze pirdapiri dakvirveba,
davalebis analizi, romelmac SesaZloa gamoavlinos misi Seus­
ruleblobis mizezebi. mniSvnelovani damatebiTi informacia Sei­
Zleba movipovoT bavSvis piradi saqmisa da sxvadasxva sabuTebis
SeswavliT. skolisa da samedicino sabuTebSi SeiZleba moviZioT
informacia problemuri qcevis gamovlinebis sixSirisa da inten­
sivobis Sesaxeb, bavSvis skolaSi daswrebis, testirebis Sedegebis,
mxedvelobisa da smenis problemebis da a.S. Sesaxeb.

nabiji #3: hipoTezis Camoyalibeba

qcevis aRwerisa da damatebiTi monacemebis Segrovebis Se­degad,
gamoiyofa qcevis hipoteturi gamomwvevi: rac ufro srulyofilia
monacemebi, hipoTeza miT ufro axlosaa realobasTan. hipoTezaSi
asaxulia Tu ra iwvevs am qcevas, rogoria es qceva, ra moqmedebs ro­
gorc qcevis SemanarCunebeli da ra aris qcevis funqcia.

nabiji #4: qcevis marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba

problemuri qcevis hipoTezidan gamomdinare, dgeba qcevis

8 varaudi

114
 Tavi III
marTvis individualuri gegma, romelSic gaTvaliswinebulia qce­
vis funqcia, Tu ras emsaxureba mocemuli qceva konkretuli bavS­
vis SemTxvevaSi. amasTanave unda gvaxsovdes, rom qcevis marTvis
individualuri gegma SeiZleba moswavlis individualuri sagan­
manaTleblo gegmis Semadgeneli nawilic iyos.

ra aris qcevis marTvis individualuri gegma?

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

qcevis marTvis gegma aris werilobiTi, individualuri, qcev­

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

iTi mxardaWeris gegma SemuSavebuli moswavlis qcevis funqcio­
naluri Sefasebis safuZvelze. qceviTi mxardaWeris gegma iyenebs
pozitiur qceviT mxardaWeras gamovlenili akademiuri da qcevi­
Ti problemebis dasaZlevad.
qcevis marTvis gegma:
• emyareba qcevis funqcionalur Sefasebas;
• imarTeba hipoTezebisa an `saukeTeso varaudebis~ saSualebiT;
• mimarTulia Cvevis SemuSavebasa da garemos cvlilebaze;
• mravalmxrivia Carevis mravalferovani strategiebis gamoy­
enebis Sedegad;
• fasdeba ara mxolod samizne qcevis cvlilebis saSualebiT,
aramed, droTa ganmavlobaSi, cvlilebis mdgradobisa da sxva
situaciaSi, garemoSi generalizaciis SedegebiT.

rogorc avRniSneT, qcevis funqcionaluri Sefasebis Sedegad

xdeba hipoTezis Camoyalibeba. hipoTeza SeiZleba Semdegnairad
iqnas formulirebuli:
yvela arsebuli monacemi adasturebs _ rodesac adgili aqvs
win­mswreb movlenas, garkveul ga­remo movlenebTan erTad, bavSvi
axorcielebs problemur qcevas gansazRvruli miznis misaRwevad
(qcevas aqvs esa da es funqcia).
magaliTad:
yvela arsebuli monacemi adasturebs _ rodesac maswavlebe­
li exmareba sxva moswavles individualuri davalebis Sesrule­
baSi, moswavle agdebs Tavis wigns iatakze, raTa moipovos maswav­
leblis yuradReba.

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

qcevis marTvis gegma SeiZleba

isaxavdes miznad problemuri
qcevis sxva qceviT Canacvlebas.
magaliTad, moswavlisaTvis xe­
lis awevis swavlebas wignis
iatakze dagdebis sanacvlod.
xelis aweva ufro adekvatu­
rad emsaxureba maswavleb­
lis yuradRebis mopove-
bis funqcias. qcevis mar­
Tvis gegma aseve Se­iZ-
leba iyenebdes da­ji­l-
­doebas damo­uki­de­be­-
li samuSaos Sesru­
lebisTvis. gegma Se­­-
iZleba:
• moicavdes garantirebulad warmatebuli davalebebis si­
as, romelsac moswavle Seasru­lebs xelis awevisa da damou­
kideblad muSaobis swavlebis dros;
• aRwerdes am moswavlis Sesabamis ganmamtkiceblebs (jildoe­
bs) da ganmtkicebis (dajildoebis) cxriliT imarTebodes;
• gansazRvravdes qcevis marTvis individualuri gegmis Se­
fasebis kriteriums da adgendes ganxilvisa da gadaxed­vis
dros.
erTi hipoTeza an saukeTeso varaudi SeiZleba gvTavazobdes
Carevis _ intervenciis gansxvavebul saSualebebs. magaliTad,
mos­wavle SesaZloa ar iyos motivirebuli upasuxos saswavlo
molodinebs. erT _ erTi xerxi moswavlis aqtivobis gasazrdelad
iqneboda wamaxalisebeli stimulebis gamoyeneba, moswavlisTvis
Cvevis personificirebul konteqstSi swavleba, an moswavlis­
Tvis arCevanis micema msgavsi saswavlo aqtivobebis gansxvavebu­
lad Sesrulebis SeTavazebiT (magaliTad, wignis damoukideblad
wakiTxva, wignis partniorTan erTad wakiTxva, wignis audio _
Canaweris mosmena).

116
 Tavi III
qcevis marTvis gegmis komponentebi
(dawvrilebiTi informaciisaTvis ix. danarTi #1).
1. ganaxorcieleT qcevis funqcionaluri Sefaseba.
2. unda ganisazRvros arCeuli intervenciis _ Carevis gazom­
vadi amocanebi (dasaxuli cvlilebebis Sefaseba SesaZlebe­
li unda iyos qcevis sixSiris, intensivobis, xangrZlivobis
mixedviT).

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

3. unda ganisazRvros hipoTezis Sesamowmeblad da Carevis gegmis

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

efeqturobis Sesafaseblad Sesagrovebeli monacemebis tipi
(gamoyenebadi da adekvaturi, magaliTad, Sesrulebuli dava­
lebebi, damoukideblad muSaobis xangrZlivoba da a.S.).
4. unda dasaxeldes arCeuli midgoma da detalurad aRiweros
da/an daiweros scenari, Tu ra unda gakeTdes da iTqvas. ker­
Zod, aucilebelia qcevis marTvis gegmis Sedgenisas winaswar
ganisazRvros moswavlis ra qcevas maswavleblis mxridan
ra reagireba moyveba. msgavsi scenari minimumamde daiyvans
gauTvaliswinebel, moulodnel qcevebs da maswavleblis
mxridan maTze qcevis marTvis gegmisa da pozitiuri qceviTi
mxardaWeris Seusabamo ukukavSirs.
5. unda Camoiweros yvela monawilis roli da pasuxismgebloba.
6. unda ganisazRvros dawyebis dRe.
7. unda SeTanxmdes droiTi ganrigi Sefasebisa da gadaxedvi­
saTvis.

pozitiuri qceviTi mxardaWera saklaso oTaxSi: zogadi mi­

TiTebebi qcevis marTvis gegmis Sesadgenad.
• Cven yvelani SeiZleba msgavsni viyoT, magram ara erTnairni.
Carevis strategiebi SemuSavebulia bavSvis individualuri
saWiroebebisa da ara problemis Sesabamisad. zogierTi mo­
swavlisaTvis aucilebeli stimulebi an akomodaciebi Sei­
Zleba usargeblo aRmoCndes sxvisTvis;
• qcevis marTvis gegmebi icvleba. qcevis marTvis gegma mud­
mivad cvalebadi procesia. gza qcevis pozitiuri cvlilebi­
sken cvalebadia da ara fiqsirebulad sworxazovani. sas­
waulebi erT RameSi ar xdeba;

117
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

• monacemi araa `rva _ asoiani~ sityva. monacemebze dafuZ­

nebuli gadawyvetilebebi qceviT funqcionalur Sefase­
bas ganapirobeben da warmoadgenen ufro efeqturi Care­
vis strategiebisa da qcevis cvlilebis Secvlili midgomis
safuZvels;
• daamyareT kargi urTierTobebi, xazi gausviT pozitiurs.
gansazRvreT samuSao gundisa da moswavlis Zlieri mxareebi
da gamoiyeneT isini;
• CarTeT procesSi, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, yvela is piri,
visac moswavlesTan urTierToba aqvs da monawileoba mi-
aRebineT mSoblebs mTel procesSi. ganixileT pozitiuri
da negatiuri cvlilebebi. erT adamianze meti unda iyos Car­
Tuli gegmis SemuSavebaSi, dawerasa da ganxorcielebaSi;
• rodesac moswavlis problemuri qceva vlindeba saklaso
oTaxSi, ganixileT swavlasa da qcevas Soris SesaZlo ka-
vSiri. rodesac moswavle acxadebs `me amas ar gavakeTeb~,
gaiTvaliswineT, Tu ramdenad motivirebulia moswavle, aqvs
saWiro unar-Cvevebi an esmis dasmuli amocana. ganasxvaveT
Tanxmoba (ar minda amis gakeTeba) kompetenturobisgan (ar
SemiZlia amis gakeTeba);
• intervenciebi izolirebulad iSviaTad muSaobs. sxva mas­
wavleblebis CarTva, saswavlo gegmis modifikacia da swav­
lebisadmi midgomis Secvla erTianad xels uwyoben poziti­
ur cvlilebas.

– qcevis marTvis strategiebi

rogorc ukve avRniSneT, pozitiuri qceviTi mxardaWeris
strategia miznad isaxavs erTi mxriv, problemuri qcevis pre­
vencias da meore mxriv, qcevis cvlilebas problemuri qcevis
axali qceviT Canacvlebis gziT. Sesabamisad, arsebobs 2 ZiriTadi
strategia, romelic SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnas saklaso
oTaxSi problemur qcevebTan gamklavebis mizniT. esenia:
1. problemuri qcevis prevencia;
2. axali unar-Cvevebis, qcevebis swavleba.

118
 Tavi III
rodesac vsaubrobT problemuri qcevis prevenciaze, auci­
lebelia qcevis funqcionaluri Sefasebis Sedegebis gaTval­
iswinebiT pasuxi gaeces Semdeg kiTxvebs:
• ra unda Seicvalos garemoSi, raTa Tavidan aviridoT probl­
emuri qceva?
• ra unda gakeTdes, raTa problemuri qceva Seusabamo gaxdes
mocemul situaciaSi?
• bavSvis ra Zlieri mxareebi SemiZlia gamoviyeno?

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

• ra unda gakeTdes, raTa bavSvs davexmaroT ar hqondes prob­

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

lemuri qcevis gamomwvev mizezze (trigerze) reaqcia an ise
SevcvaloT es movlena/stimuli, rom aRar iwvevdes probl­
emur qcevas.
unda gvaxsovdes, rom problemuri qcevis prevenciis stra­
tegiis gamoyeneba problemuri qcevis gamovlenas SeuZlebels
unda xdides. Tu bavSvis problemuri qcevis funqcias raimesTvis
Tavis arideba warmoadgens, maSin prevencia niSnavs:
garemos, davalebis, masalis, instruqciebis modifikacia
gaqcevis saWiroebis Sesamcireblad;
wesebis Sexsenebas;
arCevanis gamoyenebas _ bavSvis interesebis gaTvaliswi­ne­
biT, Tanatolebis mxardaWeriT SesaZlebelia TviTon bavSvma
miiRos gadawyvetileba, mocemuli ori davalebidan, romels
Seasrulebs;
vizualuri cxrilebisa da aqtivobebis vizualuri gamosax­
ulebis gamoyenebas, rac situacias bevrad gasagebsa da prog­
nozirebads xdis;
da sxva.
Tu bavSvis problemuri qceva sasurvelis, iqneba es yuradReba,
raime nivTi da a.S. miRebas emsaxureba, am SemTxvevaSi problemuri
qcevis prevencia niSnavs:
• garemos, davalebis, masalis, instruqciebis modifikacias,
daxmarebis Txovnis saWiroebis Sesamcireblad;
• Tanatolebis CarTvas daxmarebis procesSi, mieciT bavSvs
meti yuradReba an sxva nebismieri strategia, romelic Seam­
cirebs daxmarebis Txovnas;

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

• vizualuri cxrilebis gamoyenebas, romlebic movlenebs

prognozirebads xdis;
• moqmedebis dasrulebis strategiis gamoyenebas: jer _ Sem­
deg (jer vkiTxulobT, Semdeg vamowmebT davalebas);
• arCevanis micemas or (maswavleblisTvis da amave dros mo­
swavlisTvis) sasurvels Soris _ airCie, dRes moTxrobas
waikiTxav Tu suraTs aRwer;
• da sxva.

problemuri qcevis sanacvlod axali, socialurad misaRebi

qcevis swavleba araa advili procesi, magram SesaZlebelia da gen­
eralizaciis, sxva situaciaSi ganzogadebis did SesaZleblobebs
moicavs. Sesabamisad, axali qcevis, unar-Cvevis swavleba axali
problemuri qcevebis aRmocenebis Semcirebasac uwyobs xels. ax­
ali qcevis swavlebisas aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT, Tu risi
Tqma unda bavSvs problemuri qceviT da ra iqneboda mocemul situ­
aciaSi igives miRwevis ufro misaRebi forma. Sesabamisad, rode­
sac Cven vsaubrobT qcevis funqcionalur Sefasebaze, aucilebe­
lia problemur qcevaze dakvirvebis procesSive vifiqroT msgavs
situaciaSi ra iqneboda CvenTvis ufro misaRebi qceva da rogoraa
SesaZlebeli am qcevis swavleba. axali qcevis swavleba niSnavs:

• problemuri qcevis alternatiuli, magram misaRebi qcevis

swavlebas;
• axali unar-Cveva efeqturi da bavSvisTvis advilad misaRwevi
unda iyos;
• unda iTvaliswinebdes bavSvis Zlier mxareebs;
• unda SeirCes, bavSvis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, swori
jildo misaRebi qcevis ganxorcielebisaTvis (ix. danarTi #1).
magaliTad, rodesac bavSvis problemuri qcevis mizezi arasa­
surveli aqtivobebisTvis Tavis aridebaa, axali Camanacvle­
beli qcevebi SeiZleba iyos:
• Sesvenebis Txovna;
• daxmarebis Txovna;
• cxrilis miyola;

120
 Tavi III
• arCevanis gakeTeba;
• grZnobebis identifikacia da gamoxatva;
• Tqvi „ara`;
• Tqvi „yvelaferi gakeTebulia`;
• cvlilebebis miReba _ „jer _ Semdeg strategia`.

amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qcevis marTvis individu­­­alu­ri

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavlebis strategiebi

gegmis mizans warmoadgens qcevis funqcionaluri Sefasebis Sede­

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad

gebze dayrdnobiT, individualuri moswavlis saWiroebebis, Sesa­
Zleblobebisa da amave dros interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, prob­
lemuri qcevis prevenciisa da axali misaRebi qcevebis swavlebis
struqturirebuli, Tanmimdevruli gegmis gawera.
Carevis nebismieri strategiis gamoyenebisas, mTavaria dacu­­li
iyos Tanmimdevruloba. ar unda SemoviRoT iseTi wesi an piroba,
romelsac ver SevasrulebT. mniSvnelovania, rom miRebuli gadaw­
yvetileba ar icvlebodes erTpirovnulad, jgufis wevrebTan Se­
Tanxmebis gareSe, bavSvis problemuri qcevis gamwvavebis miuxeda­
vad /damatebiTi informaciisTvis ix.danarTi#1/.

nabiji #5: gegmis ganxorcieleba, monitoringi, Sedegebis

Sefaseba da gadaxedva

pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris strategiis bolo etaps war­

moadgens qcevis marTvis individualuri gegmis uSualo ganxor­
cieleba da winaswari SeTanxmebis safuZvelze gegmuri gadaxedva
aucilebeli cvlilebebisa da warmateba _ warumateblobis Se­
fasebis mizniT.
amrigad, pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWeris strategiis gamoye­
nebiT, SesaZlebelia problemuri qcevis rogorc prevencia,
ase­­ve alternatiuli, socialurad misaRebi qcevis swavleba bav­
Svis individualuri SesaZleblobebisa da saWiroebebis gaTval­
iswinebiT.
danarTSi #1 mocemulia magaliTebi, romlebic kargi damxmare
saSualebaa qcevis funqcionaluri Sefasebis gansaxorcieleblad

121
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

da qcevis intervenciis gegmis SesamuSaveblad. `akademiuri da

qceviTi mxardaWeris sawyisi dagegmva: 30-wuTiani TanamSromlo­ba~
(samuSao furceli 1.1.) iZleva droSi gansazRvrul struqturas
problemuri qcevis identifkaciisaTvis, funqciuri Sefasebis
ganxorcielebisa da intervenciis dagegmvisaTvis. droSi gawer­
ilma, struqturirebulma da ZiriTadi pirebis fokusirebulma
TanamSromlobam, maT Soris moswavlisa da mSoblebis, SeiZleba
gaaumjobesos hipoTezis SemuSaveba da xeli Seuwyos ufro efeq­
turi, individualuri intervenciis dagegmvas. darCenili ori mag­
aliTi, `funqciuri Sefaseba da qcevis marTvis gegmis samuSao fur­
celi~ (samuSao furceli 1.2) da `funqciuri Sefasebis kiTxvari
maswavleblebisa da TanamSromlebisaTvis~ (samuSao furceli 1.3)
dagexmarebaT TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebaSi, rodesac dagegmi­
li intervenciebi ramdenime adamianis monawileobas gulisxmobs.
TanamSromlobiTi midgoma aseve iZleva pasuxismgeblobis garan­
tias, rodesac qcevis marTvis gegmis Sefaseba moxdeba monaceme­
bze dafuZnebuli gadaxedvisa da gadamowmebis saSualebiT.

122
 SemTxvevebis ganxilva Tavi IV

mocemul TavSi Cven ganvixilavT swavlis unaris darRvevis

mqone ori moswavlis realur SemTxvevas9, romlebic mocemul mo­
mentSi swavloben zogadsaganmanaTleblo sajaro skolebSi indi­
vidualuri saswavlo gegmebze dayrdnobiT.

SemTxveva #1: qeTi10

mocemuli individualuri saswavlo gegma Sedgenil iqna mSob­
lis moTxovnis safuZvelze, mas Semdeg rac bavSvi integrirebuli

9 gamoyenebulia Semdegi masalebi: USAID-is mxardaWeriT organizacia „gada­

varCinoT bavSvebis“ mier ganxorcielebuli proeqtis „Tanabari pirobebis
ganviTarebis xelSewyoba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebisaTvis“
masalebi; „fsiqometruli da sakonsultacio asociacias“ mier mowodebuli
masala. risTvisac maT did madlobas vuxdiT.
10 profesiuli eTikis principebidan gamomdinare Secvlilia rogorc bavSvebis,
aseve yvela monawile piris saxelebi, gvarebi da sxva piradi informacia.

123
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

klasidan11 gadavida zogadsaganmanaTleblo klasSi. pirveli Sex­

vedris organizatori iyo specialuri pedagogi, romelic aswavl­
ida qeTis integrirebul klasSi da kargad icnobda bavSvis Zlier
da sust mxareebs, mis akademiur unar-Cvevebsa da qceviT maxasi­
aTeblebs.

moswavlis individualuri saswavlo gegma

zogadi informacia

moswavle (saxeli, gvari) qeTevan . . .

skola (romel skolaSi ­dadis­ # 36 sajaro skola
bavSvi)
klasi (romel klasSi iricxe­ VI klasi
ba bavSvi)
dabadebis TariRi (bavSvis 11.12.1996 w.
dabadebis TariRi)
asaki (bavSvis asaki) 12 wlis
mSobeli/meurve (bavSvis mSo­ zeinab . . .
beli an masze pasuxismgebeli
piri)
telefoni (bavSvis ojaxTan
sakontaqto telefoni)
misamarTi (bavSvis saxlis
misamarTi)

moswavlis isg-ze pasuxismgebeli piri: jana

11 integrirebuli klasi warmoadgens integrirebuli swavlebis specialur

klass, romelic ganlagebulia zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sivrceSi da
masSi iricxebian mxolod specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone
moswavleebi.

124
 Tavi IV
pirvelive Sexvedraze xdeba gadawyvetilebis miReba, Tu vin
iqneba isg-s Sedgenaze pasuxismgebeli piri, vin gauwevs koordini­
rebasa da organizebas momaval Sexvedrebs. praqtikuli gamoc­
dileba gvaCvenebs, rom isg-s Sexvedris organizatori sasurvelia
iyos bavSvis klasis damrigebeli, rac aadvilebs sxvadasxva sagnis
maswavlebelsa da specialists Soris urTierTobas.

mocemul cxrilSi aRiniSneba Sexvedris tipi da TariRi. mag.,

qeTis SemTxvevaSi es iyo jgufis pirveli Sexvedra, romelic
gaimarTa 10 noembers. SesaZlebelia pirvelive Sexvedraze gan­
isazRvros momavali Sexvedrebis TariRebi (Tundac savaraudo),
rac monawile mxareebs daexmareba praqtikulad ganxorcielebadi
miznebisa da aqtivobebis gansazRvraSi.

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
Sexvedris tipi X (moniSneT) TariRi

sawyisi Sexvedra X 10.11.09

Sexvedra saWiroebiT gansazRvruli

Sexvedra I, II, III trimestris bolos I

II

III

saboloo Sexvedra/Sefaseba

125
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

isg Sexvedris TariRi: 10.11. 09

isg _ s Sexvedris monawileebi12

mSobeli/meurve saxeli-gvari
1 deda zeinabi . . .

2 bebia ekaterine . . .

skolis gundi saxeli-gvari, sagani

telefoni

1 damrigebeli ... qarTuli

2 maswavlebeli ... buneba

3 maswavlebeli ... maTematika

4 specialuri maswavlebeli ... ...

sxva specialistebi saxeli-gvari, telefoni

1 fsiqologi ...

2 okupaciuri Terapevti ...

12 yoveli isg SexvedrisTvis ivseba axali furceli im adamianebis miTiTebiT, vinc

monawileobas iRebs am SexvedraSi. ar aris aucilebeli yvela daeswros Sexvedras.
Sexvedris tipidan gamomdinare (Sexvedra saWiroebiT gansazRvruli, trimestris
bolos, saboloo Sexvedra saswavlo wlis bolos) xdeba Sexvedris monawileebis
gansazRvra. SesaZlebelia Sexvedras ar daeswros bavSvis yvela maswavlebeli an
romelime specialisti (mag., fsiqologi an specialuri pedagogi), Tumca sasurve­
lia, Tu moxdeba Sexvedris Sedegebis gaziareba bavSvTan momuSave jgufis sxva
wevrebisTvisac, visac ar miuRia mocemul SexvedraSi monawileoba.

126
 Tavi IV
pirvelive Sexvedraze xdeba moswavlis isg-s ganxorcielebaze
pasuxismgebeli pirebis gansazRvra anu isg-s gundis Camoyalibeba
konkretuli moswavlis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare (ix. qvemoT
mocemuli cxrili). calkeul SemTxvevebSi sasurvelia, Tu Sexve­
dras daeswreba TviTon moswavlec.

moswavlis isg-s ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli gun­di:

mSobeli/ saxeli-gvari
meurve

1 deda zeinab . . .

skolis gundi saxeli-gvari, sagani

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
telefoni

1 damrigebeli .... qarTuli

2 maswavlebeli .... buneba

3 maswavlebeli .... maTematika

4 specialuri .... ....

maswavlebeli

TiToeul Sexvedraze, gansakuTrebiT ki pirvel Sexvedraze,

aucilebelia ganisazRvros, rogorc mSoblis (an moswavlis), pri­
oriteti Tu ras unda, rom misma Svilma miaRwios drois garkveul
monakveTSi konkretul akademiur saganSi da aseve, maswavleblis
survili, Tu ra specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroeba aqvs, misi
azriT, bavSvs da raSi sWirdeba damatebiTi daxmareba.

mSoblis prioriteti da interesi: gamoswordes qeTis qceva

klasSi, asrulebdes saSinao davalebebs.

127
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

qarTuli enis maswavleblis survili: asrulebdes miTiTe-

bebsa da saklaso davalebebs.

individualuri saswavlo gegmis SemuSavebamde aucilebelia

bavSvis rogorc fsiqologiuri, aseve akademiuri Sefaseba, raTa
ganisazRvros misi funqcionirebis done, Zlieri da susti mxaree­
bi da am Sefasebaze dayrdnobiT SemuSavdes bavSvisTvis adekvatu­
ri grZelvadiani da moklevadiani miznebi. bavSvTan muSaobis pro­
cesSi veyrdnobiT bavSvis SesaZleblobebsa da interesebs da maTi
saSualebiT vmuSaobT mis saWiroebebze. Tu bavSvis fsiqologiuri
ganviTarebis Sefaseba, saWiro resursebis (mag., skolis fsiqolo­
gi) naklebobis gamo, SeuZlebelia, aucilebelia gakeTdes misi aka­
demiuri Sefaseba _ ra SeuZlia da ra ar SeuZlia da specialuri
maswavleblis mier Sefasdes SesaZlo cvlilebebi bavSvis saswavlo
programaSi da swavlebis strategiebSi bavSvze dakvirvebis gziT.

128
 Sefasebis Sedegebi13

sfero Zlieri mxareebi susti mxareebi

akademiuri wera •icavs rveulSi werisas sityvebs •asoebi damaxinjebulia,

unarebi: Soris manZils. Zalian didia.
•iwers ormarcvlian sityvas.
•karnaxiT wers sam asoian sityvs.
•dafidan rveulSi iwers sityvas.

kiTxva •SeuZlia sam-oTx asoiani sity­ •ar SeuZlia ormarcvliani sityvis damar­
vis wakiTxva. cvla.

Txroba •SeuZlia moTxrobis garSemo •ver yveba martiv moTxrobas.

martiv kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema.

angariSi •SeuZlia meqanikuri daTvla 40- ar SeuZlia:

is CaTvliT. •erTianebis mimateba 15-is farglebSi.
•sagnebis raodenobis gansaz­ •ricxvebis wera 20-idan 40-is CaTvliT.
Rvra xuTis farglebSi. •ricxvebis dalageba 40-is CaTvliT.
•5-is farglebSi mimateba nebismieri kombi­
naciiT.
•magaliTis Sedgena.

13 mocemul cxrilSi iwereba bavSvis rogorc fsiqologiuri, aseve akademiuri Sefasebis Sedegebi Zlieri da susti
mxareebis gamoyofiT

129
SemTxvevebis ganxilva Tavi IV
130
SemecnebiTi unarebi SeuZlia: • ar SeuZlia geometriuli figurebis
dasaxeleba;
(yuradReba, mexsiereba, aRqma) • feris, formisa da zomis
• mexsierebis moculoba Seviwrovebu­
identifikacia;
lia (5 gameorebis Semdeg 8 sityvidan
• martivi geometriuli fig­
imaxsovrebs mxolod 4-s).
urebis Cveneba;
• msgavsi figurebis garCeva;
• yuradRebis koncentracia;
• martivi sagnebis erT kat­
egoriaSi gaerTianeba (vaSli,
banani _ xili) da erTi
kategoriis sagnebs Soris gan­
sxvavebulis moZebna. (vaSli,
banani, kitri).

emociuri sfero da socialuri • SeuZlia misalmeba damSvido­ • axal situaciaSi/adaminTan SfoTva

unarebi beba damoukideblad; da komuniaciaze uari.
• mokiTxvaze pasuxis gacema;

komunikaciis unari yoveldRiuri metyveleba • ver yveba martiv moTxrobasa da ambavs;

ena/metyveleba gramatikulad gamarTulia da • Tavs aridebs verbalur pasuxebs.
adekvaturi.

msxvili motoruli asakis Sesabamisadaa ganviTare­ -

unarebi buli.

natifi motoruli • SeuZlia martivi geometriu­ -

unarebi li figurebis gamoWra.
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

• wers asoebsa da ricxvebs.

• SeuZlia gamoZerwva _
gaferadeba.
 qceva nacnob garemoSi asrulebs mar­ • ucxo garemoSi/adamianTan ar icavs we­
tiv instruqciebs. sebs, ar asrulebs martiv instruqciebs.
• advilad iRleba.

saganmanaTleblo garemo resursi barieri

resurs-oTaxi • mokle samuSao periodebi;

• martivi, TvalsaCino in­
struqciebi.

zogadsaganmanaTleblo klasi • aqtivobebis mravalferovne­

ba;
• klasSi damxmare Tanaklaseli.

• moswavleebis raodenoba
(klasSi 40 bavSvia);
• gakveTilis xangrZlivoba.

131
SemTxvevebis ganxilva Tavi IV
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

individualuri saswavlo gegma 14

sagani: buneba
maswavlebeli: ---------------
grZelvadiani mizani/ebi (mocemul grafaSi iwereba erovnu­
li saswavlo gegmis Sesabamisi mizani bavSvis SesaZleblobebisa da
klasis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelsac bavSvma wlis bolos unda mi­
aRwios).

• bunebrivi movlenebis amocnoba da martivi proces­

ebis aRwera;
• gamosakvlevi sakiTxis Sesaxeb kiTxvebis dasma.

moklevadiani mizani/ebi TariRi

1 bunebrivi movlenebis cnoba/ 30.12.2009

daxasiaTeba;

2 weliwadis droebis cnoba/dax­ 15.02.2010

asiaTeba;

14 es furceli SeiZleba gadamravldes sagnebis mixedviT.

132
 masalis momzade-
miznis Sesabamisi masala sad sruldeba baze pasuxismge- aqtivobis ganxor-
aqtivobebi aqtivoba (klasi, beli piri (mSobeli, cielebaze pasuxismge-
resurs oTaxi) pedagigi, skolis beli piri
fsiqologi da sxva.)

1 suraTebidan maswavleb­ sxvadasxva

lis mier dasaxelebuli bunebrivi klasi pedagogi pedagogi
bunebrivi movlenis movlenis amsax­
Sesabamisi suraTis veli plakatebi,
gamorCeva/TiTis dadeba. albomebi

2 bunebrivi movlenis gasafera-

Sesabamisi suraTis deblebi klasi mSobeli pedagogi
gaferadeba.

3 bunebrivi movlenis flomasterebi, resurs-oTaxi spec. pedagogi spec. pedagogi

daxatva. qaRaldi

4 bunebrivi movlenis
garSemo dasmul martiv klasi pedagogi pedagogi
SekiTxvaze erTsityviani
pasuxis gacema.

5 weliwadis droebis meqa­

nikuri CamoTvla Tana­ klasi pedagogi pedagogi
mimdevrobis dacviT.

133
SemTxvevebis ganxilva Tavi IV
134
6 weliwadis droebis Sesabam­ gasaferadeblebi,
isi suraTis gaferadeba. flomasterebi resurs-oTaxi mSobeli spec. pedagogi
da/an fanqrebi

7 suraTebidan maswavleblis saxelmZRva-nelo

mier dasaxelebuli weli­ klasi pedagogi pedagogi
wadis drois Sesabamisi
suraTis gamorCeva.

8 weliwadis droebis garSemo

dasmul SekiTxvebze pasuxis klasi pedagogi pedagogi
gacema.
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba
 Tavi IV
individualuri saswavlo gegmis monitoringi15

ganmxorcielebeli:
mizani: bunebrivi movlenebis cnoba/daxasiaTeba
miznis miRwevis Sefasebis principebi:
0 _ ver asrulebs,
1 _ asrulebs daxmarebiT;
2 _ asrulebs damoukideblad; (ar vakeTebT aranair aRniSv­
nas, Tu mocemuli aqtivoba am dRes ar ganxorcielda. mizani miRwe­
ulad iTvleba, Tu bavSvi sul cota 5-jer Seasrulebs micemul
davalebas sworad da damoukideblad).

miznis Sesabamisi
19.11.

21.11

24.11

25.11

1. 12
aqtivobebi

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
1 suraTebidan maswavleblis mier
dasaxelebuli bunebrivi movle­
nis Sesabamisi suraTis gamorCe­
va/TiTis dadeba.

2 bunebrivi movlenis Sesabamisi

suraTis gaferadeba.
3 bunebrivi movlenis daxatva.

4 bunebrivi movlenis garSemo

dasmul martiv SekiTxvaze erT­
sityviani pasuxis gacema.

5 weliwadis droebis meqanikuri

CamoTvla Tanamimdevrobis
dacviT.
6 weliwadis droebis Sesabamisi
suraTis gaferadeba.

7 suraTebidan maswavleblis mier

dasaxelebuli weliwadis drois
Sesabamisi suraTis gamorCeva.
8 weliwadis droebis garSemo das­
mul SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema.

15 es furceli SeiZleba gadamravldes yovelkvireuli aRricxvisTvis sxvadasx­

va sagnebis mixedviT.

135
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

individualuri saswavlo gegma 16

sagani: qarTuli
maswavlebeli:
grZelvadiani mizani/ebi (mocemul grafaSi iwereba erovnu­
li saswavlo gegmis Sesabamisi mizani bavSvis SesaZleblobebisa da
klasis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelsac bavSvma wlis bolos unda mi­
aRwios).

• moTxrobis mokle Sinaarsis damoukideblad gadmocema;

• gamosakvlevi sakiTxis Sesaxeb kiTxvebis dasma;
• martivi winadadebis karnaxiT Cawera.

moklevadiani mizani/ebi TariRi

1 moTxrobis Sinaarsis abzacebad dayofa 30.12.2009

da kiTxva–pasuxiT gadmocema;

2 suraTis Sesabamisad martivi kiTxvebis 15.02.2010

dasma;

3 ormarcvliani sityvebis karnaxiT Cawera. 30.12. 2009

16 es furceli SeiZleba gadamravldes sagnebis mixedviT.

136
 miznis Sesabamisi masala
aqtivobebi

fsiqologi da sxva.)

(klasi, resurs oTaxi)

beli, pedagigi, skolis

sad sruldeba aqtivoba

suxismgebeli piri (mSo­
masalis momzadebaze pa­
aqtivobis ganxorciele­
baze pasuxismgebeli piri

1 martivi moTxrobis abzacebad programis Sesabamisi klasi pedagogi pedagogi

dayofa da TiToeuli abzacisT­ moTxrobebis adaptirebuli
vis Sesa­bamisi kiTxvebis dasma (Semoklebuli da gamartive­
buli) variantebi

2 moTxrobis abzac–abzac moyola moTxrobebis adaptirebuli klasi pedagogi pedagogi

(Semoklebuli da gamartive­
buli) variantebi

3 moTxrobis Sinaarsis Sesabamisi siuJeturi klasi mSobeli pedagogi

naxatis aRwera naxatebi

4 martivi ormarcvliani si­ martivi ormarcvliani si­ resurs-oTAxi spec.peda­ spec.pedagogi

tyvebis wakiTxva tyvebis gogi
sia rveuli, pasta

5 martivi ormarcvliani si­ martivi ormarcvliani si­ klasi spec. peda­ pedagogi
tyvebis karnaxiT Cawera tyvebis gogi
sia rveuli, pasta

137
SemTxvevebis ganxilva Tavi IV
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

individualuri saswavlo gegmis monitoringi17

ganmxorcielebeli:
mizani: qarTuli ena
miznis miRwevis Sefasebis principebi:
0 _ ver asrulebs,
1- asrulebs daxmarebiT;
2 _ asrulebs damoukideblad;
(ar vakeTebT aranair aRniSvnas, Tu mocemuli aqtivoba am dRes
ar ganxorcielda. mizani miRweulad iTvleba, Tu bavSvi sul cota
5-jer Seasrulebs micemul davalebas swored da damoukide­
blad).

miznis Sesabamisi
19.11.

21.11

24.11

25.11

1. 12
aqtivobebi

1 martivi moTxrobis abzacebad

dayofa da TiToeuli abzacisT­
vis Sesabamisi kiTxvebis dasma

2 moTxrobis abzac–abzac moyola

3 moTxrobis Sinaarsis Sesabamisi

naxatis aRwera

4 martivi ormarcvliani sityvebis

wakiTxva

5 martivi ormarcvliani sityvebis

karnaxiT Cawera

17 es furceli SeiZleba gadamravldes yovelkvireuli aRricxvisTvis sxvadasx­

va sagnebis mixedviT.

138
 Tavi IV
SemTxveva #2:
moswavle: levani
dabadebis TariRi:
23. 01. 96
asaki: 11w 4T
diagnozi: bavSvTa
cereb­ruli dambla
gasaTvaliswinebe l i
informacia: _ levani
dReSi 2-jer (di­­liT
da saRamos) iRebs an­
tiepilefsi­ur medika­
mentebs (gu­l­­y­rebi aRar
aqvs), wam­­lis miRebas akontroleben ufrosebi. levans damxmare

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
saSualebebi ar esaWiroeba
socialuri istoria: levani cxovrobs dedasTan, mamasTan da
bebiasTan erTad, levani dRis umetes nawils saxlSi an ezoSi at­
arebs, mamasTan da mezoblebTan erTad. xSirad midis maRaziaSi
(saxlTan axlos), sadac deda muSaobs.
ganaTleba: levani 1 weli dadioda sajaro skolaSi, IV klas­
Si, radgan asakobrivad es jgufi CaiTvala Sesabamisad (dawyebiTi
klasebi ar gauvlia). skolaSi 1 weli iara. dedam skolidan gamoiyva­
na maswavleblebis mxridan aradamakmayofilebeli midgomis gamo.
levani bolo erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi dadioda yruTa skolaSi,
sadac 3 saaTamde rCeboda.
levans Tavdapirvelad gauWirda skolasTan Segueba. skolaSi
dedac bavSvTan erTad rCeboda, derefanSi an klasSi. deda xSirad
exmareboda maswavlebels mis damSvidebaSi, tualetSi gayvanaSi,
eSinoda bavSvi derefanSi rom ar waqceuliyo.
levans dekembris Semdeg skolaSi aRar uvlia. deda amisi mi­zezad
skolaSi aradamakmayofilebel perobebs asaxelebs _ surs `ufro
Tbili garmo, maswavleblebi xelfasis gamo ar muSaobdnen, bavSvi
ufro win wavides, transportireba jdeboda Zviri~. garda amisa
deda amCnevda levansa da sxva bavSvebs Soris xSirad daZabul urT­
ierTobas _ `bavSvebi brazdebodnen, levani rom laparakobda~.
levani iTxovs skolaSi siaruls, xSirad axsenebs megobars,
Tanaklasels, romelTan erTadac did dros atarebda.

139
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

levani imyofeba aRricxvaze reabilitaciis centrSi `tonusi~,

sadac wliwadSi ramdenimjerme utardeba fizikuri Terapiis kursi.
SeniSvna: mSoblis survilis gaTvaliswinebiT da organizacia `ga­
davarCioT bavSvebis~ mxardaWeriT, daigegma levanis quTaisis sajaro
skolaSi inkluzia. skolaSi warmatebuli CarTulobis uzrunvelyofis
mizniT, ganisazRvra individualuri saswavlo gegmis Seqmnis aucile­
bloba, romlic Seiqmna mowveul profesionalTa (fiqologi, okupaciuri
Terapevti) da skolis pedagogTa TanamSromlobiT. gegmis ganxorciele­
baze pasuxismgebloba aiRes skolis inkluziuri ganaTlebis koordina­
torma da levanis pedagogebma.

individualuri saswavlo gegmis forma

zogadi informacia

moswavle levani
skola q. quTaisi, N# ..... sajaro skola
klasi IV klasi
dabadebis TariRi 23. 01. 96
asaki 11 w 4T
mSobeli/meurve nana XXXXX

isg-s Seqmnis TariRi 9.10.2008 _ 16.30 sT

moswavlis isg-ze pasuxismgebeli piri elza, inkluziuri ganaTlebis koor­
dinatori

isg-s Sexvedrebi

Sexvedris tipi X (moniSneT) TariRi

sawyisi Sexvedra X 9.10.2008

Sexvedra saWiroebiT
gansazRvruli

Sexvedra I, II, III I

trimestris bolos
II
III
saboloo Sexvedra/Sefaseba

140
 Tavi IV
isg Sexvedris TariRi: .................. 9.10.2008 ..................

isg _ s Sexvedris monawileebi 18

mSobeli/meurve saxeli-gvari

1 deda nana >>>>>>>

2 bebia ciala >>>>>>>

skolis gundi saxeli-gvari sagani

1 damrigebeli inga >>>>>>> qarTuli, maTematika,

buneba

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
2 maswavlebeli irina >>>>>>>> xelovneba

3 inkluziuri ganaTlebis elza >>>>>>>> i.s.g. ze pasuxismgebeli

koordinatori piri

4 skolis direqtori giorgi >>>>>>

multidisciplinuri saxeli-gvari
gundi

1 fsiqologi nino >>>>>>>>

2 spec pedagogi

3 logopedi

4 okupaciuri Terapevti rusidani >>>>>>>

18 yoveli isg SexvedrisTvis ivseba axali furceli

141
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

moswavlis isg-s ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli gundi:

mSobeli/meurve saxeli-gvari

1 deda nana >>>>>>>

2 bebia ciala >>>>>>>

skolis gundi saxeli-gvari

1 damrigebeli inga >>>>>>>

2 maswavlebeli irina >>>>>>>>

3 inkluziuri ganaTlebis elza >>>>>>>>

koordinatori

mSoblis prioriteti da interesi

dedas surs levanma seqtembridan ganaaxlos iseT skolaSi sia­
ruli, sadac bavSvs met yuradRebas miaqceven. deda Tvlis, rom
`bavSvi zepir davalebebs moamzadebs, gakveTilze ki aucileblad
unda gamokiTxon. mas unda hqondes TvalsaCino masala, dasuraTe­
buli wignebi, rom ufro dainteresdes.~
deda miiCnevs, rom maswavlebelma garkveuli simkacrec un­
da gamoiCinos levanis mimarT, rom bavSvi gakveTilze kargad
moiqces.

maswavleblis survili
damrigeblis survilia, levanma aiTvisos skolaSi da klasSi
qcevis wesebi da Seasrulos misTvis SerCeuli davalebebi. dam­
rigebeli miiCnevs, rom droulia levanisTvis wera-kiTxvis un­
arebis aTvisebaze muSaobis dawyeba.

142
 Tavi IV
Sefasebis procedura

Semfasebeli: fsiqologi
okupaciuri Terapevti
damrigebeli
Sefasebis meTodi: Sefaseba ganxorcielda Semdegi
meTodikebis safuZvelze:
- The Learning Accomplishment
Profile-Revised (LAP-R)
- SfoTvis testi (Р. Темпл, М. Дорки,
В. Амен,- Тест Тревож­но­сти)
- mSoblis interviuireba
- bavSvze dakvirveba
Sefaseba ganxorcielda bavSvTan orjeradi Sexvedris safuZ­

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
velze _ saxlSi da skolaSi.
Sefasebis procesSi levani iyo motivirebuli da daintere­
sebuli Seesrulebina micemuli davalebebi. gamoxatavda impul­
surobas, xSirad efanteboda yuradReba testuri davalebebis
Sesrulebisas, Tumca SesaZlebeli iyo misi isev micemul davale­
baze gadmorTva. sWirdeboda TiTo instruqciis orjer gameoreba,
davalebis arsis gasagebad.

143
 Sefasebis Sedegebi

144
sfero Zlieri mxareebi susti mxareebi

wera levans SeuZlia vertikaluri da horizontaluri Tumca Zalian male kargavs interess micemuli
xazebis gasma, levans SeuZlia wertilebis SeerTeba instruqciis mimarT da micemul davalebas aRar,
swori xaziT, xatavs jvars, oTxkuTxeds (es davale­ an sxvanairad asrulebs.
bebi mas skolaSi aqvs gavarjiSebuli).
Tumca xSirad eSleba da davalebuli cifris
levans SeuZlia mxolod calkeuli cifrebis _ nacvlad sxvas wers.
1,2,3,4 dawera,
levans ar SeuZlia asoebis Cawera, daweril ci­
frebs gegi xSirad SecdomiT asaxelebs.

kiTxva levani cnobs mxolod calkeul asoebs _ a, i, o, Tumca xSirad eSleba maTi sworad dasaxeleba.

Txroba levans uyvars ambebis gadmocema, ZiriTadad yveba levans uWirs ambis gabmulad da Tanmimdevru­
dRis gamocdilebaSi miRebul istoriebs. lad gadmocema. ar SeuZlia arc nacnobi ambis,
zRapris gadmocema (wiTelqudas yveba Suidan,
sWirdeba mudmivi waxaliseba ambis gasagrZele­
blad, damatebiT SekiTxvebi ar exmareba, xSir­

akademiuri unarebi:
ad zRapridan gadadis dRis gamocdilebis
moyolaze, svams situaciurad Seusabamo SekiTx­
vabs. rTulia, misi aRniSnul Sinaarsze gadmorT­
va).

angariSi levani iTvlis 10 mde, Tumca xSirad eSleba. levans sagnebis gadaTvla da maTi raodenobis
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

sworad miuTiTebs met saganze. gansazRvra ar SeuZlia.

levanma, yuradRebis koncentracis sirTulis
gamo, ver miuTiTa nakleb sagnebs zustad.
 SemecnebiTi unare­ levans SeuZlia sworad gansazRvros didi da pa­ levans Sefasebis procesSi yovel jerze sWirde­
bi (yuradReba, mex­ tara, mokle da grZeli, carieli obieqti. sworad boda instruqciis orjeradi gameoreba, zedmeti
siereba, aRqma) miuTiTebs mZime, msubuq, uxeS da priala, maRal da ganmartebebis micema davalebis arsis gasagebad.
dabal, rbil da magar sagnebze. davalebis Sesrulebis procesSi, xSirad efante­
boda yuradReba, davalebis Sesrulebis parale­
lurad svamda SekiTxvebs, yveboda fragmentu­
lad ambebs, erTi Temidan gadadioze meoreze.

levani calkeul micemul figurebs ver alagebs

sididis Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT.

levans SeuZlia piramidis rgolebis RerZze Camocma, levani xSirad SecdomiT miuTiTebs da SecdomiT
Tumca periodulad eSleboda rgolebis Tanmimdev­ asaxelebs ZiriTad ferebs.
roba maTi sididis mixedviT Camocmisas.

Cvenebisa da gavarjiSebis Semdeg, SesZlo ferebis levani ver miuTiTebs rigSi pirvel, bolo su­
swored dawyvileba. raTs.

levani cnobs da sworad miuTiTebs geometriul fig­

urebs. asaxelebs wres, Tumca igive davalebas, yur­
adRebis gafantvis Semdeg, SecdomiT asrulebs.
levans ar SeuZlia kategoriis Sesabamisi sa­
levani arCevs marjvena, marcxenas. gnebis CamoTvla, Tumca waxalisebis Semdeg,
baraTebze miuTiTebs calkeul gamosaxulebas
sworad (mag. maCvene ras vWamT); levans uWirs sa­
gnebisTvis kategoriis dasaxeleba.

levans ar SeuZlia sagnebs Soris msgavsi da gan­

masxvavebeli niSnebis dasaxeleba.

levans ar SeuZlia sagnebs Soris kavSiris gamov­

lena da erTmaneTTan dawyvileba (fexsacmelis
windebTan dawyvileba).

145
SemTxvevebis ganxilva Tavi IV
146
emociuri sfero dedis gadmocemiT, levani keTilganwyobili da Tbi­ bebia ixsenebs levanis Zlier agresiul qcevasac
li bavSvia, Tumca xSirad tiris Tuki ukrZalaven sa­ _ yviroda, magididan ganayara nivTebi, Camogli­
survel saqmianobas. ja farda, rodesac bebiam xelis dabana sTxova.
bavSvebTan skolaSi qonda erTeuli wakinklave­
bebi, icoda xelis aqneva.
komunikaciis eqspresiuli metyveleba eqspresiuli metyveleba
unari
levani sxvis mier miwodebul siuJets ver gebu­
levans SeuZlia azris verbalurad gadmocema, Seu­
lobs. siuJetis miwodebisas, uWirs misi gameo­
ena/metyveleba Zlia Tavis saWirobebis, damokidebulebebis gamo­
reba da ambis moyola, efanteba yuradReba, ar
xatva. telefonze saubrisas, iyenebs miRebul rep­
Svelis damatebiTi SekiTxvebi.
likebs, Tumca azris gadmocemis mcdelobisas,
ucxo sityvebis warmoTqmisas levanis metyvele­
Cveulad efanteba yuradReba.
ba xdeba dizarTriuli.
levani iZaxis leqss, Tumca fragmentuad. levani SecdomiT iyenebs sivrciTi mimarTebis
aRmniSvnel Tandebulebs.
levani siuJetur moTxrobas aRwers mxolod calkeu­
li gamosaxulebebis dasaxelebiT, xSiad gamosaxule­
bebze araswor saxeldebas axdens. calkeul moqmede­
bebs asaxelebs, mxolod kiTxvis dasmis SemTxvevaSi.
levani saubrobs 3-4 sityviani winadadebebiT, svams
SekiTxvebs, gamoxtavs uaryofas. saubrisas aReniS­
neba agramatizmebi.

garkveul winadadebebs iZaxis gamarTulad, zogSi ki

uSvebs gramatikul da sintaqsur Secdomebs.
saubrisas iyenebs mravlobiT ricxvs, `me, Sen~ nacva­
saxelebs.
levans SeuZlia yoveldRiuri moxmarebis sagnebis,
moqmedebebis sworad Cveneba da dasaxeleba, asax­
elebs sxeulis nawilebs.
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

sworad pasuxobs kiTxvaze `ra?, sad?’.

SeuZlia axsnas ra daniSnuleba aqvs ama, Tu im obi­
eqts, grZnobis organoebs, Tumca axasiaTebs ara
pirveladi niSnebis gaTvaliswinebiT. asaxelebs an­
tonimebs, uSvebs calkeul Secdomebs.
 impresiuli metyveleba impresiuli metyveleba
levans uWirs grZeli Tanwyobili winadadebis
levans esmis mimarTuli metyveleba.
azris wvdoma.
SeuZlia erTsafexuriani instruqciis meore pirisT­
levans ar SeuZlia cifrTa rigis damaxsovreba da
vis sworad gadacema, orsafexurians gadascems frag­
sworad aRdgena. samsityvian winadadebas imeo­
mentulad, iZaxis caleul sityvebs.
rebs zustad, ufro met wevrianebis gameorebi­
sas tovebs winadadebis wevrebs, iZaxis calkeul
sityvebs.
arazustad esmis sivrciTi mimarTebis aRmniS­
vneli Tandebulebis mniSvneloba.

levani arazustad aRadgens msgavsi JReradobis

mqone bgerebs.
levans ar SeuZlia sityvaSi Semavali asoebis
gamodiferencireba da dasaxeleba.

msxvili motoru- levani gadaadgildeba damoukideblad, Tumca sia­ levans gadaxtoma, simaRlidan Camoxtoma ar Seu­
li unarebi rulisas Zlierad ixreba marcxniv. kibeze adis- Zlia. viwro Zelze siarulisas, kargavs wonas­
Cadis saxelurze xelmokidebiT, TiTo kibeze orive worobas.
fexis CamodgmiT. cdilobs sirbils, Tumca kargavs
wonasworobas da xSirad ecema. SeuZlia iatakze da­
moukideblad dajdoma, Tumca sWirdeba daxmareba
rom adges. nivTis iatakidan asaRebad imuxleba,
daxra ar SeuZlia.

147
SemTxvevebis ganxilva Tavi IV
148
natifi motoruli levani memarjvenea. gegis SeuZlia orive xelis Se­ levans uWirs TiTebis diferencirebuli moZ­
unarebi Tanxmebuli gamoyeneba aqtivobisas, Tumca werisas raobebis ganxorcieleba, (muStad Sekrul xelze
rveuls ar afiqsirebs marcxena xeliT, sWirdeba ceris amoZraveba, ceriT TiToeuli TiTis wver­
miTiTeba. ze Sexeba).
SeuZlia 7 kubikiani koSkis aSeneba, met kubikiani en­ levani ver Wris makratliT swor xazze.
greva, SeuZlia maSis moxmareba sagnebis asaRebad da
jamSi Casayrelad. levans ar SeuZlia cali xeliT qaRaldis daWmu­
Wvna da burTis formis micema.
SeuZlia xelSi ramdenime patara sagnis (mZivis)
daWera da maTi boTlSi Cayra, acmevs mZivebs zona­
rze. saTleliT Tlis fanqars, kecavs qaRalds, ma­ mas ar SeuZlia Zalis gamoyeneba 3 nawiliani kons­
gram arazustad (kuTxeebs ver amTxvevs), kubikebiT truqciis asawyobad, Tumca nawilebs erTmaneT­
aSenebs WiSkars, debs qaRalds konvertSi (Tumca Tan mimarTebaSi worad adgams.
dasWirda didi dro), qaRaldi eWmuWneba.

levani aqtiurad aris CarTuli yoveldRiur saqmi­

qceva anobebSi, uyvars mamasTan erTad saqmianoba, ezoSi
fusfusi. ufrosebi cdiloben saxlSi an ezoSi marto
ar datovon, arsebobs dacemis safrTxe. levanma icis
rom ezos gareT gasvla akrZalulia, icavs am akrZal­
vas. levanma icis dedis samuSao adgili, xSirad mar­
to midis dedasTan maRaziaSi, moaqvs saxlSi puri,
Tuki saWiro Tanxas zustad gaatanen.
qalaqidan dabrunebisas cnobs saxlis gzas da mar­
Suts.
saxlSi yofnisas, dedas dayveba oTax-oTax, akvird­
eba saqmianobisas, esaubreba.
levani nawilobriv damoukidebelia TviTmovlis da
swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

higienuri aqtivobebis ganxorcielebisas.

amJamad, levani saxlSi ar mecadineobs, deda ver
iTanxmebs, rom erTad imecadinon.
 saganmanaTleblo resursi barieri
garemo

resurs oTaxi, skolaSi arsebuli TvalsaCinoebebi klasSi moswavleTa didi raodnoba

SeniSvna:

• isg _ s II Sexvedraze, romelsac eswreboda isg-s ganxorcielebaSi CarTuli da masze pasuxismgebeli yve­
la piri, erovnuli saswaavlo gegmis farglebSi SeirCa da levanisTvis ganisazRvra wlis bolos misaRwevi
saswavlo Sedegi. gundma saswavlo Sedegad levanis Sefsebis Sedegebidan da dasaxuli prioritetebidan
gamomdinare (miuxedvad imisa, rom gegi meoTxe klaselia) levanisTvis miznad daasaxela I klasis qarTuli
enisa da literaturis saswavlo mizani.
• dasaxul miznebze muSaoba ganxorcieldeba ara mxolod qarTulis gakveTilze, aramed yvela im gakveTil­
ze, romelsac daeswreba levani damatebiT resurs oTaxSi.

149
SemTxvevebis ganxilva Tavi IV
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

individualuri saswavlo gegma

1. grZelvadiani mizani (erovnuli saswavlo gemis farglebSi):
moswavle ismens da adeqvaturad aRiqvams martiv informacias,
sworad reagirebs martiv sametyvelo situacaSi.

moklevadiani mizani miznis miRwevis TariRi

1 levani asrulebs maswavleblis martiv

zepir instruqcias

2 levani amoicnobs da iyenebs sametyvelo

etiketis enobriv formulebs (misalmeba,
damSvidobeba, bodiSis moxda, madlobis
gadaxda da a.S.)

2. grZelvadiani mizani (erovnuli saswavlo gemis farglebSi):

moswavle saTanadod aRiqvams wakiTxuli martivi teqstis Si­
naarss.

moklevadiani mizani miznis miRwevis TariRi

1 levani kiTxulobs xmamaRla sakuTar

saxels da gvars
2 levani cnobs anbanis 3 asos _ a.i.T

150
 sad sruldeba masalis momza- aqtivobis
aqtivoba (klasi, debaze pasux- ganxorciele-
miznis Sesabamisi aqtivobebi masala resurs oTaxi) ismgebeli baze pasux-
piri (mSobeli, ismgebeli
pedagigi, skolis piri
fsiqologi da
sxva.)

1 maswavlebeli esalmeba klass da feradi stikeri leva­ yvela gakveTili levanis yvela
Tu levani ar upasuxebs mas, mas­ nis dasajildoeblad maswavlebeli
wavlebeli piradad esalmeba mas sasurveli qcevis
da elodeba sapasuxo misalmebas, Semdeg
Semdeg aqebs.

2 maswavlebeli uxsnis levans, rom feradi stikeri leva­ yvela gakveTili levanis yvela
is mis daZaxilze gamoixedeba nis dasajildoeblad maswavlebeli
da masTan miva, Tuki levani mas sasurveli qcevis Sem­
`maswavlebels~ dauZaxebs da sax­ deg
eliT, an `Sen~-biT ar mimarTavs.
swored daZaxebis SemTxvevaSi ki
aucileblad miuaxlovdeba da
mousmens.

sxva SemTxvevaSi levani gafrTx­

ilebulia, rom maswavlebeli misi
qcevis ignorirebas ganaxorcie­
lebs.

151
SemTxvevebis ganxilva Tavi IV
152
3 maswavlebeli aZlevs instruq­ feradi stikeri leva­ yvela gakveTili gegis yvela
cias, rom man gawmindos dafa, ga­ nis dasajildoeblad maswavlebeli
moaRos kari, sakidze Camokidos sasurveli qcevis
tilo, sTxovs gamoarTvas amx­ Semdeg
anags wigni Semdeg daubrunos da
gadauxados madloba. yovelive
amis Sesrulebisas maswavlebelma
Seaqos (yoCaR, rom es Seasrule)

4 im skamis sworad arCeva, romelzec yvela gakveTili damrigebeli

levanis saxelia aRniSnuli

misi saxelis da gvaris warweriT

revulis amorCeva 2-3 rveuls So­
ris

5 furcelze dawerili misi sax­ feradi furclebi qarTulis da damrigebeli damrigebeli

elisa da gvaris gamorCeva sxva bunebis gakveTi­
warwerebisgan li

sakuTar namuSevarze misi sax­

elis mikvra

6 a, i, T asoebis gaferadeba, gamoZ­ feradi fanqrebi, qarTulis pedagogi, mSo­ damrigebeli

swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

erwva, dagajgufeba, Tabaxis furclebi, gakveTili, beli

plastelini, resurs oTaxi
 Tavi IV
individualuri saswavlo gegmis monitoringi19

ganmxorcielebeli: . . . . . . . . . . .
mizani:

moklevadiani orSabaTi samSabaTi oTxSabaTi xuTSabaTi paraskevi

miznebi

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
3

SeniSvna: aRwereT qceva Sesabamisi dRis svetSi

19 es furceli SesaZlebelia gadamravldes da daurigdes yvela im pedagogs da

specialists, romelebic moswavlesTan Sesabamisi miznis miRwevaze muSaobs.

153
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

dan arTi #1:

problemis gadaWris procesis sakontrolo sia

swavlisa da qcevis problemebis funqcionaluri Sefaseba
mocemuli sakontrolo sia xels uwyobs problemis gadaWris
procesis struqturirebas.

nabiji 1:
samizne qcevis (-ebis) identifikacia
• problemuri akademiuri davalebebi an qceva (-ebi), aRwerili
Semdegi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT:
• sixSire;
• sidide;
• xangrZlivoba;
• latenturi dro;
• intensiuroba;
• adgilmdebareoba;
• rodis da sad xdeba da sad ar xdeba;
• alternatiuli, igive situaciaSi misaRebi qcevis aRwera.
• sawyisi monacemebi, Semdegi maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT:
• winmswrebi movlenebi;
• Sedegebi;
• unikaluri an tipiuri;
• xangrZlivoba; viTareba drois am monakveTSi;
• gaaanalizeT drois, adgilis, pirovnebis cvladebis gaTval­
iswinebiT;
• saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gaanalizebul unda iqnas damatebiTi
monacemebi.
• interviuebi: mSoblis, moswavlis, skolis personalis, moswav­
lis cxovrebaSi CarTuli sxva pirebis;
• pirdapiri dakvirveba;
• mimdinare Canaweri;
• droebiTi SerCeva;
• movlenis SerCeva;
• monawile akademiuri davalebis an Cvevis miznis analizi:

154
 Tavi IV
• moswavlis istoriis/portfolios ganxilva;
• skolebis Secvlis istoria;
• daswrebis/dagvianebebis istoria;
• cvlileba ojaxis SemadgenlobaSi;
• Sesrulebuli samuSaos xarisxi;
• samedicino istoriis gavlena;
• kulturuli, eTnikuri da religiuri kuTvnilebis gavlena;
• individuri da jgufuri testirebis Sedegebi;
• maswavleblis komentarebi davalebebze;
• specialuri ganaTlebis servisebi;
• bavSvis Semswavleli gundis angariSebi;
• sxva:

nabiji 2:

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
ganixileT arsebuli monacemebi da CamoayalibeT hipoTezebi
(erTze meti hipoTeza SeiZleba Seesabamebodes sxvadasxva vi­
Tarebas)
arsebuli janmrTelobis / nevrologiuri / samedicino
mdgomareoba, romelic SesaZloa gavlenas axdendes moswavlis
qcevaze
• identificirebuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi;
• mobiluroba;
• msxvili da/an natifi motoruli unarebi;
• gulyrebi;
• medikamentozuri mkurnaloba (tipi, doza, sixSire, mizani);
• medikamentozuri mkurnalobis arasasurveli gverdiTi efeq­
tebi;
• amJamindeli an warsuli Terapia an mkurnaloba;
• hospitalizaciebi;
• warsuli Sefasebebi;
• Zilis maxasiaTeblebi;
• Wamis maxasiaTeblebi;
• alergiebi;
• kankali (tremori;)
• daRliloba;

155
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

• mexsiereba;
• impulsuroba;
• mdgradi yuradReba;
• vizualuri/motoruli/smeniTi davalebebis integracia;
• sxva
• sxva

swavlasTan dakavSirebuli maxasiaTeblebi:

• arakompetenturi qceva Tu winaaRmdegobrivi qceva (mag. „ar
SemiZlia`, „ar mindas` winaaRmdeg)?
• saswavlo gegma zedmetad martivia Tu rTuli?
• Seesabameba moswavlis codnasa da gagebis unars?
• miwodebulia moswavlis Zlieri mxareebis an swavlebis upira­
tesi stilis gaTvaliswinebiT?
• swavlebis tempi Sesabamisia?
• sakmarisi dro eTmoba axali informaciis, Cvevebis aTvisebas?
• gakveTilis sigrZe Seesabameba yuradRebis moculobas?
• saswavlo gegma sakmarisad farToa (magaliTad, mxolod fone­
mebi, Tu fonemebi sxvadasxva tipis davalebebSi)?
• testireba Tu SesrulebiT Sefaseba?
• maswavleblis molodinebi zedmetad maRalia, dabalia?
• ukukavSiri ar Seesabameba intensivobas an sixSires?
• dajildoeba Zalian mcirea?
• saWiroebs Sinaarsis met swavlebas?
• maswavlebeli ar icnobs moswavlis saWiroebebis Sesabamis swav­
lebis strategiebs?
• saklaso oTaxSi zedamxedvelobis done araadekvaturia?
• saklaso oTaxSi swavlebis stili bavSvis sust mxares Seesa­
bameba?
• sxva

ra socialuri/kulturuli/emociuri cvladebi SeiZleba

axdendnen gavlenas moswavlis qcevaze?
• mSoblebis mier dawesebuli disciplina araadekvaturia, zedme­
tad mkacria?

156
 Tavi IV
• konfliqti/agresia mSoblebs Soris?
• konfliqti/agresia ubanSi?
• skolasa da saxlSi gansxvavebuli Rirebulebebi/molodinebi?
• mSoblis akademiuri unarebi imdenad dabalia, rom ver exmareba
Svils?
• mSobels ar SeuZlia an ar unda daajildoos skolasTan dakav­
Sirebuli akademiuri/qceviTi strategiebi?
• Tanatolebi axdenen gavlenas Seusabamo qcevaze?
• Tanatolebi ar uzrunvelyofen adekvatur modelebs?
• Tanatolebi dascinian/aRizianeben moswavles?
• Tanatolebis jgufis molodinebi/Rirebulebebi axdenen gav­
lenas moswavleze?
• moswavlis rwmenebi/Tvisebebi axdenen gavlenas qcevaze/swav­
laze?

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
• moswavlis socialuri Cvevebi araadekvaturia?
• moswavles SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi aqvs impulsebis TviT
kontrolis?
• qarTuli meore enaa?
• sxva

rogoria moswavlis komunikaciuri maxasiaTeblebi?

• cdilobs Tanatolebis yuradRebis mopovebas?
• cdilobs skolis TanamSromlebis yuradRebis mopovebas?
• cdilobs moipovos raime aqtivobis SesaZlebloba?
• cdilobs raime obieqtis mopovebas?
• aprotestebs?
• iTxovs Sesvenebas?
• iTxovs daxmarebas?
• aRniSnavs, rom cudad grZnobs Tavs?
• mianiSnebs guneba-ganwyobaze?
• sxva

ra aris problemuri qcevis motivi, mizani (motivaciuri

cvla­debi)?
• kontrolis/Zalauflebis sakiTxebi?

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

• SurisZieba?
• yuradRebis Zieba?
• situaciisTvis Tavis arideba?
• saWiroebs sensorul ukukavSirs?
• saWiroebs materialur obieqts?
• sxva
nabiji 3
hipoTezebis dakavSireba intervenciebTan
ganixileT akademiuri/qceviTi problemebi saswavlo gegma-
Si daxmarebis saWiroebis TvalsazrisiT
• swavlaSi damxmare Tanatoli;
• yoveldRiuri/kvireuli organizaciuli Sexvedrebi;
• moculobis Semcireba Sesatyvis zomamde;
• saSinao davaleba, rogorc praqtika;
• saxlSi wignebis damatebiTi nakrebi;
• struqturirebuli da pirdapiri instruqciebi;
• saklaso rutinebi;
• rTuli davalebebi diliT;
• individualuri an mcire jgufuri swavleba;
• Tavis arideba arastruqturirebuli situaciebisTvis;
• sakontrolo siebis, ruqebis, an sxva grafikuli organaizerebis
gamoyeneba;
• moswavlesTan erTad miznebis dasaxva;
• moswavlis mier davalebis Sesrulebis xelSewyoba mimaniSne­
blebis, damatebiTi masalis saSualebiT;
• aqtiuri danergva mexsierebis strategiebis;
• CaniSvnebis qsero-aslebi;
• saSinao davalebis sistematuri miwodeba, Segroveba da Semow­
meba;
• davalebis dayofa nawilebad;
• sxva

ganixileT akademiuri/qceviTi problemebi swavlaSi daxma­

rebis saWiroebis TvalsazrisiT
Sinaarsis miwodeba

158
 Tavi IV
• moswavlis/mSoblis CarTuloba;
• teqnologia;
• signalebi;
• taimerebi;
• nawilobrivi davalebebi (dawyvilebuli xSir ukukavSirTan);
• merxis, dRiuris da a.S. mowesrigeba;
• saklaso masalebis organizeba;
• grafikuli organaizerebi;
• swavlis strategiebi (mag.,ra vici, ra minda vicode da ra viswav­
le midgomis gamoyeneba);
• msjeloba, dawyvileba, gaziareba, gasworeba;
• multi-modaluri gamocdileba;
• jgufuri pasuxi;
• TvalebiT xSiri kontaqti;

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
• moswavlis saxelis gamoyeneba martiv kiTxvebze pasuxis gasace­
mad da davalebaze yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad;
• instruqciebis gamartiveba da moswavlis perifrazireba;
• saxli/skolis komunikacia;
• rutina saSinao swavlebisTvis;
• masalis gagebis xSiri gadamowmeba;
• sakmarisi dro pasuxis gasacemad;
• momentis Sesabamisi socialuri Cvevebis swavleba;
• mosmenis Cvevebisa da instruqciebis miyolis Cvevebis swav­
leba;
• Tanatolebis daxmareba;
• sxva
ganixileT akademiuri/qceviTi problemebi qceviTi dax-
marebis saWiroebis TvalsazrisiT
• winmswrebi movlenebis adaptacia;
• xelSekrulebis dadeba;
• pozitiuri roluri modelebis uzrunvelyofa;
• socialuri unarebis treningi;
• Tanatolebis mier Suamdgomloba;
• TamaSis an megobrebis SeZenis swavleba;

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

• jgufuri muSaobisa da Sesabamisi Cvevebis swavleba klasgareSe

damatebiTi aqtivobebis saSualebiT;
• xSiri ukukavSiri;
• enTuziazmiT savse ukukavSiri;
• moswavlisTvis mosalodneli, sasurveli qcevis aRwera;
• dawyebis debulebebis gamoyeneba da SeCerebis debulebebisT­
vis Tavis arideba;
• TvalebiT kontaqtis gamoyeneba;
• arCevanis SesaZleblobis micema;
• Sedegebis ganxilva;
• pozitiuri ganmtkicebis gazrda;
• wesebi amboben . . . wesebis SemuSaveba;
• marTvadi praqtika;
• siaxlove;
• TviT-monitoringi;
• wesebi;
• gansazRvruli sazRvrebi;
• dagegmili Sesvenebebi;
• sxva

ganixileT akademiuri/qceviTi problemebi ekologiuri

daxmarebis saWiroebis TvalsazrisiT: garemos adaptacia
• drois organizeba: gakveTilebis cxrili;
• mimaniSneblebi rutinisa da procedurebisTvis:
saWiro oTaxSi wasasvlelad;
wylis dasalevad;
kiTxvis dasasmelad;
fanqris gasaTlelad;
masalis misaRebad;
nagvis gadasayrelad;
saSinao davalebis CasaniSnad;
Wama, daleva;
klasSi Sesasvleli qceva;
adgilebze dajdoma;
ra unda gaakeTo, Tu gakveTilze daagviane;

160
 Tavi IV
jarima dagvianebuli samuSaosTvis;
Sefasebis sistema;
testebis Sesrulebis procedura;
daxmarebis Txovna;
dRis bolos klasis datovebis rutina.
• saklaso oTaxis gamokruli wesebi;
• saklaso oTaxis mowesrigeba: merxebi, samuSao adgilis misawv­
domoba;
• masalis mowesrigeba _ organizeba;
• winaswarmetyvelebadi rutinebi;
• adaptirebuli cxrilebi;
• Semoklebuli samuSao dRe;
• sivrcis organizeba;
• fizikuri misawvdomoba;

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
• garemoSi vizualuri da smeniTi stimulaciis marTva;
• sxva

ganixileT akademiuri/qceviTi problemebi fsiqologiuri

daxmarebis saWiroebis TvalsazrisiT

• gagzavna fsiqologiuri konsultaciisaTvis;

• mSobelTa jgufebi;
• biblioTerapia/socialuri istoriebi;
• socialuri unarebis treningi;
• SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb codna da mimRebloba;
• individuri an jgufuri Terapia;
• daZleva: sibrazis marTva, stresis marTva;
• kompetenturobis sferoebis identifikacia;
• kompetenturobisa da pasuxismgeblobis gamovlenis SesaZle­
blobebi;
• Camanacvlebeli qceva motivaciuri cvladebisaTvis;
• konsultacia mSobelTa gaSorebasTan, sikvdilTan mimarTe­
baSi;
• sxva

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

ganixileT akademiuri/qceviTi problemebi farmakologi-

uri Carevis saWiroebis TvalsazrisiT
• ganixileT, rogorc multidisciplinuri midgomis erT-er­Ti
elementi;
• ganixileT daxmarebis saWiroeba wamlebis miRebis cxrilis Ses­
rulebis misaRwevad;
• sxva

monacemebi aCveneben, rom daxmareba ara efeqturia da sa­

Wiroa damatebiTi informacia
• ganixileT alternatiuli hipoTezebi qceviTi/akademiuri
prob­lemebis Sesaxeb;
• gadaamowmeT akademiuri/qceviTi problemebis Sefaseba;
• gansazRvreT, Tu ra aris gamotovebuli Zvel SefasebaSi;
• gadaamowmeT daxmarebis gegma;
• sxva

samuSao furceli 1.1.

akademiuri da qceviTi mxardaWeris sawyisi dagegmva: 30-wu­
Tiani TanamSromloba

akademiuri da qceviTi mxardaWeris sawyisi dagegmva:

30-wuTiani TanamSromloba

moswavle: TariRi:
monawileebi:

daayeneT taimeri 10 wuTze.

I nabiji: awmyo mdgomareobis aRwera.

problemur sferoSi moswavlis funqcionirebis qceviTi aR­
wera. dasviT kiTxva `ras akeTebs moswavle?~ da `ras ar akeTebs mo­
swavle?~

162
 Tavi IV
SeafaseT problemuri qceva:

1 diax ara saSiSia qceva moswavlis an sxvaTa sicocxlisTvis?

2 diax ara saSiSia qceva moswavlis an sxvaTa fizikuri keTildReo­

bisTvis?

3 diax ara xels uSlis qceva moswavlis saganmanaTleblo progress?

4 diax ara xels uSlis qceva sxvaTa saganmanaTleblo progress?

5 diax ara iwvevs qceva masalebis dazianebas an ganadgurebas?

6 diax ara intervenciis gareSe qceva ufro problemuri gaxdeba?

7 diax ara xels uSlis qceva Tanatolebis an mo­zr­di­lebis mxridan

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
mimReblobas?

Zlieri mxare qcevaSi:

SeiswavleT ramdenad xSiria, ramden xans grZeldeba da ra in­
tensivobisaa qceva. magaliTad, ikiTxeT, „ramdenad xSirad arty­
ams moswavle?`, „ramden xans grZeldeba es?`, „ramdenad xelis­
SemSlelia moswavlis qceva?`
a) sixSire (ramdenad xSirad?)
b) xangrZlivoba (ramden xans?)
g) intensivoba (ra intensivobiT?)
d) es qceva unikaluria Tu tipiuria mocemuli moswavli­
saTvis?

mdebareoba:
moipoveT garemos aRwera. ikiTxeT, `sad moiqca ase moswavle?~
`kidev sad moiqca ase?~ `sad ar iqceva moswavle ase?~

dro:
dRis manZilze rodis vlindeba problemuri qceva? rodis ar
iq­ceva moswavle miuReblad?

163
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

gansazRvreT winmswrebi movlenebi/pirobebi:

unda ganisazRvros is movlenebi, romlebic uSualod win us­
wrebs samizne qcevas. unda daisvas kiTxva, `ra xdeba zustad prob­
lemuri qcevis win?~ `ra Cans am qcevisTvis biZgis mimcemad?~

gansazRvreT uSualo (sinqronuli) pirobebi:

unda ganisazRvros situaciuri an garemo movlenebi, romelic
SesaZloa xels uwyobs problemur qcevas. unda daisvas kiTxva,
`kidev ra xdeba maSin, rodesac problemuri qceva vlindeba?~

gansazRvreT Tanmdevi pirobebi:

unda ganisazRvros, Tu ra movlenebs aqvT adgili uSualod
problemuri qcevis Semdeg. unda daisvas kiTxva, `ra xdeba probl­
emuri qcevis gamovlenis Semdeg?~ `ra aCerebs problemur qcevas?~

savaraudo miznis ganmsazRvreli kiTxva:

unda ganisazRvros, Tu saerTod misaRebia, qcevis ra done an
xarisxia misaRebi. magaliTad, unda daisvas kiTxva, `ramdenad xSir­
ad SeuZlia moswavles Tavisi merxis datoveba problemis gamowve­
vis gareSe?~ problemuri qceva misaRebia sxva raime pirobebSi?

swavlebisadmi an sxva arsebuli procedurebisadmi midgoma:

unda Seswavlil iqnas arsebuli procedurebi an wesebi. unda
daisvas kiTxva, `arsebobs problemur qcevasTan asocirebuli we­
si?~ `arsebobs problemur qcevasTan asocirebuli rutina?~ `arse­
bobs alternatiuli qceva problemuri qcevis Casanacvleblad?~

unda moxdes moswavlis Zlieri mxareebis identifikacia

(magaliTebi):

TanatolebTan lideria verbaluri unarebi

urTierTobis Cvevebi
motivirebulia SeuZlia TanamSromloba akademiuri unarebi
cvlilebisadmi
rTavs mozrdilebs pozitiuri atitudi aTleturi unarebi

iumoris grZnoba momavali gegmebi SemoqmedebiTi unarebi

eZebs informacias interesebis sferoebi hobi

164
 Tavi IV
unda ganisazRvros moswavlisTvis ra aris damajildoebeli
anu qcevis ganmamtkicebeli:

unda daisvas kiTxva, `risi gakeTeba moswons moswavles?~

unda ganisazRvros, Tu ra strategiebi iqna ukve gamoyeneb-

uli (aRniSneT xangrZlivoba da Sedegi):

moswavlesTan mSoblebis dabare­ davalebis

erTi-erTze saubari ba/ganxilvebi furclebi
siaxlovis verbaluri alternatiuli
kontroli Sexsenebebi testireba

saswavlo kabineti progresis grafi­ damxmare teqnolo­

(kuTxe) kuli gamosaxuleba giebi

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
xelSekrulebebi dagegmili damxmare personal­
ignorireba Tan kontaqti
dagegmili pozitiuri wamlebi
taim-autebi ganmtkiceba
klasSi adgilis mokle saswavlo sxva
Secvla dro /adaptirebuli
cxrili
adaptirebuli progresis amsax­ sxva
davalebebi veli angariSebi

individualuri Tanatolis swavlaSi sxva

swavleba damxmared miCena

daayeneT taimeri 2 wuTze.

II nabiji: unda aRiweros sasurveli mdgomareoba

winadadebaSi CamoayalibeT sasurveli mdgomareoba (mizani)

an gansazRvreT Camanacvlebeli qceva.
daayeneT taimeri 4 wuTze.

165
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

III nabiji: unda ganisazRvros zegavlenis mqone cvladebi

gaarCieT qcevis funqciuri Sefasebis modeli, procesis
Semafasebeli kiTxvari, qcevaze dakvirvebis cxrilebi da gamo­
yaviT winmswrebi da Semdgomi pirobebis nebismieri paternebi:
pirovneba, adgili, dro da movlenebi.
daayeneT taimeri 4 wuTze.

IV nabiji: xelmisawvdomi monacemebis safuZvelze Camoaya-

libeT erTi an meti hipoTeza
CamoTvaleT SesaZlo hipoTezebi, romlebic xsnian probl­
emuri qcevis funqcias (gamoiyeneT qcevis funqciuri Sefasebis
modeli varaudebisaTvis).
daayeneT taimeri 3 wuTze.

V nabiji: unda ganisazRvros strategiebi, romlebic uzrun-

velyofen pozitiur cvlilebas
gamoiyeneT gonebis ieriSis meTodi ideebisa da maTi SesaZlo
gamoyenebis gansazRvrisaTvis.
daayeneT taimeri 3 wuTze.

VI nabiji: SearCieT gansaxorcielebeli strategiebi.

daayeneT taimeri 4 wuTze.

VII nabiji: ganixileT saboloo detalebi.

Sefaseba: saidan mixvdebiT, rom gegma muSaobs? ra monacemebi
gWirdebaT?

gegmis Sejameba: unda ganisazRvros mSoblebsa da sxva adami­

anebs Tu resursebs ra daxmarebis gaweva SeuZliaT gegmis mxar­
dasaWerad. unda ganisazRvros monawileTa pasuxismgeblobebi,
aqtivobebi, Semdgomi Sexvedris TariRebi /ganrigi. SexvedrebSi
monawileoba unda miiRos an TviTon moswavlem an adamianma, ro­
melic moswavlis interesebs daicavs.

166
 Tavi IV
vin? ras akeTebs? drois ra monakveTSi?
(TariRi)

gegmis ganmeorebiTi Sefaseba _ gadaxedvis ganrigi:

rodis?

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
sad?

vin unda daeswros?

am tipis TanamSromloba efeqturi aRmoCndeba, Tu Sexvedra­

Si monawile adamianebi icnoben moswavles da mzad arian imuSaon
problemis gadaWraze da ara mxolod Civilsa da dadanaSaulebaze.
is faqti, rom TanamSromloba droiTaa gansazRvruli xels uwy­
obs fokusirebul diskusias. Sexvedris erT-erT monawiles Seu­
Zlia Caiweros, akontrolos dro da marTos Sexvedra, magram aq­
tivobebis ise ganawileba, roca erTi piri marTavs jgufs da meore
iwers pasuxebs, ufro sasargebloa. rogorc naTlad gamoCnda am
TavSi, TanamSromloba xels uwyobs saukeTeso qceviTi interven­
ciis gegmis SemuSavebas.

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 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

samuSao furceli 1.2. funqcionaluri Sefaseba da qceviTi

intervenciis gegma
funqciuri Sefaseba da qceviTi intervenciis gegma

moswavlis saxeli: ; TariRi:

maswavleblis saxeli:
pro-socialuri qcevebi:
ras akeTebs moswavle kargad?
sad?
ra SeiZleba gakeTdes am qcevis wasaxaliseblad?

ras akeTebs? sad? ra SeiZleba gakeTdes

am qcevis wasaxaliseblad?

gamoyaviT maqsimum ori samizne (anu problemuri) qceva, ro­

melic yvelaze metad uSlis xels moswavlis efeqtur funqcioni­
rebas saklaso oTaxSi. SeafaseT an pirdapir daakvirdiT maTi
gamovlenis sixSires (ramdenjer), intensivobas (maRali, saSualo,
dabali) da xangrZlivobas:

qceva: sawyisi Sefaseba sixSire, intensivoba xangrZlivoba

qvemoT mocemul siaSi aRniSneT trigerebi (gamomwvevebi), Tan­

mxlebi movlenebi da Sedegebi, romelic, rogorc Cans, mxars uW­
ers arsebuli qcevis SenarCunebas.

168
 Tavi IV
trigerebi Tanmxlebi movlenebi Sedegebi

socialuri yuradRebis damoukidebeli qcevis ignorireba

nakleboba samuSao Sexseneba/gafrTxi-
moTxovna/SekiTxvis jgufuri davaleba leba
dasma xalxis simravle taim auti _ saklaso
rTuli davaleba saklaso oTaxSi oTaxis datoveba
gadasvla (davaleba) arastruqturire- privilegiebis
gadasvla (saklaso buli aqtivoba dakargva
oTaxi) arastruqturirebu- direqtorTan gagzavna
rutinis darRveva li samuSao sivrce mSoblebTan saubari
negatiuri socialuri Tanatolebis sxva
urTierToba yuradReba sxva

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
negatiuri qcevisaTvis ufrosis yuradReba sxva
gankuTvnili Sedegi sxva
sxva

ra funqcias (funqciebs) asrulebs problemuri qceva (qcevebi)

moswavlisaTvis?

gaqceva yuradReba/kontroli

moTxovnis/SekiTxvisTvis Tavis sasurveli nivTis/aqtivobis miReba

arideba ufrosis yuradRebis mopoveba
aqtivobis / davalebisTvis Tavis Tanatolebis yuradRebis mopoveba
arideba sasurvel ufrosTan gagzavnis
pirovnebisTvis Tavis arideba mopoveba
saklaso oTaxidan gaqceva sxva
skolidan gaqceva sxva
sxva

169
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

es informacia Segrovda:
maswavleblis intervius saSualebiT;
pirdapiri dakvirvebiT.

CamoTvaleT yvela sasurveli nivTi, aqtioba an adamianebi,

romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnan, rogorc mastimulirebeli
saSualebebi am moswavlis intervenciis procesSi (rac gazrdis
moswavlis pozitiur qcevebs).

qcevis miznebi (CamoayalibeT dakvirvebadi, gazomvadi cnebebis

saSualebiT TiToeuli samizne qcevis Sesabamisad).
1.

2.

170
 Tavi IV
samuSao furceli 1.3. qcevis marTvis gegmis nimuSi
qcevis marTvis gegmis nimuSi

moswavlis saxeli: ; TariRi:

samizne qceva:
Carevis arCeuli strategia:

Carevis nabijebi/komponentebi (daasaxeleT TiToeuli safexuri/

komponenti, pasuxismgebeli piri, sad da rodis unda ganxorciel­
des).

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
moswavlis progresi (unda aRiweros rogor moxdeba moswav­
lis winsvlis Sefaseba, ramdenad xSirad da vis mier).

ganxorcieleba (unda aRiweros rogor moxdeba ganxor­

cielebis procesis monitoringi, ramdenad xSirad da vis mier).

171
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

aRniSneT ramdeni saswavlo kviris Semdeg unda Sefasdes gegma.

gegmis Sefaseba (moswavlis progresi dasaxuli miznebis Ses­

abamisad):

gansazRvreT, Tu gegmasTan mimarTebaSi ra xarisxiT ganxor-

cielda intervencia?

gegmis gadaxedvebi (aRniSneT nebismieri cvlileba, romelic

Setanil iqna gegmaSi):

TariRi: Sedegi:

TariRi: Sedegi:

172
 Tavi IV
samuSao furceli 1.4. funqciuri Sefasebis kiTxvari maswavle-
blebisa da personalisTvis
nawili #1
moswavle/klasi: ; TariRi:
interviueri: ; respodenti (-ebi):

moswavlis profili: aRwereT moswavlis sul mcire 3 Zlieri

mxare an wvlili, romelsac is skolaSi avlens.

problemuri qceva (-ebi): gamoyaviT problemuri qcevebi.

neli xelisSemSleli qurdoba

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
ureaqcio aradisciplinirebuli vandalizmi

uaris mTqmeli samuSaos ar asrulebs sxva

aRwereT problemuri qceva:

gansazRvreT rutinebi: sad, rodis da visTan vlindeba probl­

emuri qceva yvelaze xSirad.

cxrili aqtivoba visTan problemuri qcevis specifikuri

(dro) vlindeba albaToba problemuri
problema qceva
dabali maRali
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6

173
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

SearCieT 1-dan 3 rutinamde Semdgomi SefasebisTvis: SearCi­

eT rutinebi 4,5 da 6 reitingebiT a) aqtivobebis (pirobebis) ms­
gavsebisa da b) problemuri qcevis msgavsebis mixedviT. SeavseT
fSkmp-nawili b TiToeuli gamoyofili rutinisTvis.

rutinebi problemuri qcevebi

1.
2.
3.

samuSao furceli 1.5. funqciuri Sefasebis kiTxvari maswav-
leblebisa da personalisaTvis

nawili #2

moswavle/klasi: ; TariRi:

interviueri: ; respodenti (-ebi):

rutina/aqtivobebi/konteqsti: romeli rutina (mxolod erTi)

Sefasda pirveli nawilidan?

rutina/aqtivobebi/konteqsti problemuri qcevebi

ufro dawvrilebiT aRwereT problemuri qceva (-ebi):

rogoria problemuri qceva?

ramdenad xSiria problemuri qceva?
ramden xans grZeldeba problemuri qceva?
rogoria problemuri qcevis intensivoba/safrTxis done?

174
 Tavi IV
ra strategiebi iqna gamoyenebuli problemuri qcevis gasa-
kontroleblad?

strategiebi problemuri qcevis problemuri qcevis Sedegebi

prevenciisaTvis (reagireba problemur qcevaze)

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
ra movlenebis safuZvelzea SesaZlo problemuri qcevis aR-
mocenebis winaswarmetyveleba?

Tanmdevi sakiTxebi garemos maxasiaTeblebi

(garemo-movlenebi)

avadmyofoba SeniSvna struqturirebuli

wamlebi fizikuri aqtivoba
negatiuri moTxovna arastruqturirebuli dro
socialuri socialuri mosawyeni davalebebi
konfliqti izoliacia zedmetad grZeli aqtivobebi
saxlSi
Tanatoleb- zedmetad rTuli davalebebi
akademiuri Tan
warumatebloba
sxva:
sxva:

175
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

ra movlenebis safuZvelzea SesaZlo problemuri qcevis aR-

mocenebis winaswarmetyveleba?

Tanmdevi sakiTxebi garemos maxasiaTeblebi

(garemo-movlenebi)

mozrdilis yuradReba rTuli davalebebi

Tanatolis yuradReba SeniSvnebi
sasurveli aqtivoba Tanatolebisgan uaryofa
fuli/ sagnebi fizikuri Zalisxmeva
sxva: sxva:

qcevis Sejameba _ gamoyaviT is, rac gamoyenebul iqneba

qceviTi intervenciis gegmis SesamuSaveblad.

garemo da problemuri SemanarCunebeli Sede-

prediqtorebi qcevebi gebi

176
 Tavi IV
samuSao furceli 1.6. funqciuri Sefasebis kiTxvari
maswavleblebisa da personalisTvis

instruqciebi

mocemuli kiTxvari warmoadgens or-gverdian intervius, ro­

melsac iyenebs skolis personali qceviTi mxardaWeris gegmebis
SesamuSaveblad. mocemuli kiTxvari gamoiyeneba im adamianebis
mier (maswavleblebi, ojaxi, klinicistebi), vinc yvelze kargad ic­
nobs moswavles qcevis marTvis individualuri gegmis SesamuSave­
blad. kiTxvari sruldeba drois mcire monakveTSi (5-15 wuTi).

rogor unda Seivsos kiTxvaris I nawili

(samuSao furceli 1.4)

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
nabiji1: SeavseT demografiuli monacemebi
aRniSneT moswavlis saxeli da klasi, Sefasebis dRe, rodesac
Segrovda monacemebi, formis Semavseblis saxeli (interviueri)
da informaciis momwodeblis (momwodeblebis) saxelebi (respo­
dentebi).

nabiji II: SeavseT moswavlis profili

TiToeuli Sefaseba daiwyeT moswavlis im pozitiuri da dam­xmare
maxasiaTeblebis identifikaciiT, romlebic mas moaqvs skolaSi.
gamoyaviT moswavlis sul mcire 3 pozitiuri maxasiaTebeli.

nabiji III: gansazRvreT problemuri qcevebi

gansazRvreT moswavlis is qcevebi, romelic bariers warmoad­
gens efeqturi ganaTlebisTvis, xels uSlis sxvaTa ganaTlebas,
winaaRmdegobaSi modis socialur ganviTarebasTan an eWvqveS ay­
enebs usafrTxoebas skolaSi. moiyvaneT moswavlis problemuri
qcevis mokle aRwera. ra xdis mis qcevas araadekvaturs? gamoya­
viT yvelaze problemuri qcevebi, magram amave dros aRniSneT yve­
la danarCeni, romelic regularul xasiaTs atarebs.

nabiji IV: gansazRvreT, sad, rodis da visTan vlindeba prob-

lemuri qcevebi yvelaze didi albaTobiT.

177
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

nabiji V: airCieT rutinebi Semdgomi SefasebisTvis

SeafaseT TiToeuli dro/aqtivoba aRniSnuli meoTxe nabijis
cxrilSi `4~, `5~ an `6~-iT. Tu aqtivobebi msgavsia _ arastruqturi­
rebuli aqtivobebi, aqtivobebi maRali akademiuri moTxovnebiT,
aqtivobebi maswavleblis SeniSvnebiT, aqtivobebi Tanatolebis
dacinvebiT _ da aqvs msgavsi problemuri qcevebi, SeafaseT isini
rogorc rutinebi da airCieT Semdgomi analizisTvis.
airCieT 1-dan 3 rutinamde Semdgomi anlizisTvis. CawereT ru­
tinis saxeli da yvelaze gavrcelebuli problemuri qceva (-ebi).
TiToeuli rutinis SemTxvevaSi gamoyaviT yvelaze problemuri an
maRali albaTobis problemuri qceva.

rogor unda Seivsos kiTxvaris II nawili

(samuSao furceli 1.5)

nabiji1: SeavseT demografiuli monacemebi

aRniSneT moswavlis saxeli da klasi, Sefasebis dRe, rodesac
Segrovda monacemebi, vin Seavso forma da vin miawoda informacia
formis Sesavsebad.

nabiji II: gansazRvreT samizne rutina

gadmoitaneT kiTxvaris pirveli nawilis boloSi mocemuli
samizne rutina da problemuri qceva. kiTxvaris meore nawilSi
(nawili b) mocemulia informacia mxolod erTi qcevis Sesaxeb.
gamoiyeneT ramdenime nawili b, Tu gamoyofilia ramdenime rutina.

nabiji III: dawvrilebiT daaxasiaTeT problemuri qceva (-ebi)

ufro dawvrilebiT aRwereT problemuri qceva (-ebi). gaamaxvi­
leT yuradReba qcevis unikalur da ganmasxvavebel maxasiaTeble­
bze da maT Soris, ramdenadaa qceva xelis SemSleli an saSiSi.

nabiji IV: gansazRvreT movlenebi, romlebic winaswarme-

tyveleben problemuri qcevis (qcevebis) gamovlenas
TiToeuli rutinis farglebSi, garemos ra (a) movlenebi da
(b) uSualod winmswrebi movlenebia, rodesac problemuri qceva
(qcevebi) vlindeba? ra unda gakeTdes, rom am rutinis farglebSi
gamovlindes problemuri qcevebi?

178
 Tavi IV
nabiji V: gansazRvreT Sedegebi, romlebic SesaZloa xels
uwyoben problemur qcevas
ra Sedegebi ajildoeben problemur qcevas? gansazRvreT, Tu
ra sasurvels SeiZleba iRebdes an ra usiamovnos SeiZleba arideb­
des Tavs / gaurbodes moswavle.
yvelaze Zlieri SemanarCunebeli Sedegi aRniSneT `1~-iT da sxva
SesaZlo Sedegebi `2~-iT an `3~-iT. ar airCioT 3-ze meti varianti.
yuradReba unda gamaxvildes yvelaze Zlier Sedegze.
rodesac problemebi aerTianeben umniSvnelo SemTxvevebs, rac
gadaizrdeba mniSvnelovan problemebSi, unda ganasxvaoT Sedege­
bi, romlebic mcire problemebis SemanarCuneblebad gvevlinebian
im Sedegebisgan, romlebi SesaZloa mogvianebiT xels uwyoben Sem­
dgomSi problemuri qcevis eskalacias.

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
nabiji VI: aRniSneT ra gakeTda problemuri qcevis prevenci-
isaTvis / kontrolisaTvis/
umravles SemTxvevaSi, skolis personali mimarTavs pirvelad
strategiebs problemur qcevasTan mimarTebaSi. CamoTvaleT naca­
di strategiebi, da moaxdineT maTi orgnizeba (a) strategiebad,
romelTa mizanic iyo problemuri qcevis prevencia, an (b) nabije­
bi, gadadgmuli problemuri qcevis kontrolis an dasjisaTvis (an
alternatiuli qcevis dasajildoeblad).

nabiji VII: moaxdineT Semajamebeli debulebis formulireba

Semajamebeli debuleba, romelic aRwers `garemos movle­
nebs~, uSualo prediqtorebs, problemur qcevebs da SemanarCu­
nebel Sedegebs, aris safuZveli efeqturi qceviTi mxardaWeris
gegmis SesamuSaveblad. Semajamebeli debulebisTvis gamoiyeneT
kiTxvaris I da II nawilebSi mocemuli informacia (gansakuTrebiT
1.5 samuSao furcelis #3, #4 da #5 nabijebSi mocemuli informacia).
Tu Semajamebeli debuleba sworadaa formulirebuli, gadadiT
gegmis SemuSavebaze; Tu ara, gaagrZeleT funqciuri Sefaseba
pirdapiri dakvirvebis ganxorcielebiT.

179
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

pozitiuri qcevis mxardaWera

moswavlis saxeli, gvari: ; TariRi:

kiTxvebi:
1. ra Zlieri mxareebi aqvs moswavles?

2. rogor SeiZleba gamoviyenoT es Zlieri mxareebi?

3. romelia yvelaze maRali prioritetis mqone gazomvadi probl­

emuri qceva?

4. ra unari (unarebi) gvinda, rom moswavlem ganaviTaros problem­

uri qcevis nacvlad?

180
 Tavi IV
5. vin aswavlis moswavles am unars (unarebs)?

6. ra konteqstSi moxdeba am unaris (unarebis) swavleba?

SemTxvevebis ganxilva
7. ra nabijebi unda ganvaxorcieloT Carevis gegmis zusti Ses­
rulebis uzrunvelsayofad?

8. axali unaris (unarebis) aTviseba ra gavlenas moaxdens moswav­

lis cxovrebis xarisxze?

9. axali unari (unarebi) ramdenad damoukidebels gaxdis moswav­

les ufrosis meTvalyureobisgan?

181
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

10. rogorc axali unaris aTvisebis Sedegi, rogor gamovlindeba

moswavlis gaumjobesebuli urTierTqmedebis unari skolaSi,
saxlSi an sazogadoebaSi?

11. ra aqtivobebi unda ganxorcieldes ukve dRes gegmis amoq­

medebisaTvis?

12. rodis Sedgeba gundis Semdegi Sexvedra?

13. vin iqneba gundis Sexvedrebia da gegmis ganxorcielebis ko­

ordinatori?

14. gundis wevrebis saxelebi da sakontaqto informacia:

182
 gamoyenebuli literatura:

• gagoSiZe, T. (2007). bavSvis fsiqikuri ganviTarebis darRvevebi.

Tbilisi, „nekeri~;
• gagoSiZe, T., WinWarauli, T., filauri, q., bagrationi m. (2008).
inkluziuri ganaTlebis principebi. Tbilisi, „nekeri`;
• erovnuli saswavlo gegma zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebisT­
vis, 2007;
• Крайг, Г. (2000). Психология развития. Питер;
• Bateman, B., Herr, G. (2006). Writing measurable IEP goals and objec-
tives. IEP Resources;
• Byers, R., Rose, R. (2004). Planning the Curriculum for Pupils with Spe-

gamoyenebuli literatura
cial Educational Needs, A Practical Guide;
• Curriculum modifications and adaptations. www.cast.org;
• latthorn, A., A., Craft-Tripp, M. (2000). Standards-Based Lerning for
Students with Disabilities;
• Kirk, S., Gallagher, K., Coleman, M. R., Anastasiow, N. (2009). Educat-
ing Exceptional Children. Wadsworth Publishing;
• McNary, S., Glasgow, N., Hicks, C. (2005). What Successful Teachers Do
in Inclusive Classrooms: 60 Research-Based Teaching Strategies That
Help Special Learners Succeed. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press;
• oll, A.M. (2005). Differential Instruction Guide for Inclusive Teaching.
Dude Publishing: N.Y.
• Nolet, V., McLaughlin, M. L. (2005). Accessing the General Curriculum,
Including Students with Disabilities in Standards-Based Reform;
• Raymond, E. B. (2008). Learners with Mild Disabilities; A Characteris-
tics Approach;
• Rief, S., Heimburge, J. (2006). How to Reach and Teach All Children in
the Inclusive Classroom: Practical Strategies, Lessons, and Activities.
2nd Edition;
• Teaching and Intervention Strategies. http://www.behavioradvisor.
com.

183
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa ganaTleba
da socialuri integracia

saqarTveloSi moqmediN arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa sia

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa socialuri

reabilitaciis kavSiri
kedias17, (995 99) 53 27 32
tearoma99@yahoo.com
skolamdeli asakis specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
bavSvTa aRricxva, maTi samedicino
da socialuri reabilitacia

asociacia `anika~
gagarinis 12
(995 99) 51 05 95, (995 32) 44 55 03
geoanika@hotmail.com
pecialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvTa
sazo­gadoebrivi integracia, inkluziuri ganaTlebis xelSewyoba.

Tavisufali pedagogikis centri

borjomis q. 10, (995 32) 34 76 21
cfp@access.anet.ge
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skola mentaluri problemebis mqone
moswavleebisTvis. gonebrivi daqveTebis mqone bavSvebTan momuSave
mkurnal-pedagogebis momzadeba.

asociacia `bavSvTa harmoniuli ganviTarebis saxli~

(995 99) 78 29 78
hchd@mail.ru
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa da mozardTa
socialuri integracia.

kavSiri `mSobelTa xidi~

(995 32) 39 99 66, (995 77) 47 34 40
ktea@rambler.ru
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa da mozardTa
kulturul- SemoqmedebiT programebi.

184
 kavSiri `adamianebisTvis, romlebic gansakuTrebul
zrunvas saWiroeben~
(995 32) 77 54 85, (995 99) 14 00 08
info@apnsc.ge
inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone mozrdilebis
socialuri integraciis xelSemwyobi programebi.

biblioTeka, kulturuli centri SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis

mqone pirTaTvis `Tanadgoma~
(995 32) 96 74 62, (995 77) 46 65 71

arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa sia

acacia@ip.osgf.ge
mSezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa
fsiqo-socialuri reabilitacia.

damoukidebeli cxovrebis axalgazrduli centri

(995 32) 35 66 09, (995 93) 70 15 17
iracli@disability.ge
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa interesebis dacva.

bavSvTa sofeli (fondi pirveli nabiji)

mis: Tbilisi, lublianas q. 21
tel: 25 25 19,25 23 08, 23 01 40
keti.melikadze@tfs.ge, www.tfs.ge
sadReRamiso sacxovrebeli dawesebuleba.

Tbilisis bavSvTa daxmarebis centri (sazogadoebrivi

jandacvisa da medicinis ganviTarebis fondi)
mis: yazbegis gamz. 34
tel: 42 14 22
info@phmdf.ge, www.phmdf.ge
fsiqologiuri da iuridiuli konsultacia.

`ia~, dRis momsaxurebis centri

mis: gurjaanis q.20, tel: 74 75 51, 855 50 55 49
dRis centri gonebrivi ganviTarebis Seferxebis
mqone bavSvebisa da mozardebisTvis.

185
 saganmanaTleblo integrirebuli resurs-centri `imedi~
centri skolamdeli asakis SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone
bavSvebisTvis (asociacia bavSvi da garemo)
mis: Tbilisi, besikis q.5
tel: 25 38 32, 93 60 37, 94 37 35
bavshvidagaremo@yahoo.com
bavshvi@caucasus.net
www.childandenvironment.org.ge
fsiqo-socialuri reabilitacia; 3-9 wlis asakis bavSvebis momzadeba
inkluziuri swavlebisTvis; araformaluri ganaTleba, adreuli
daxmarebis programa ojaxebisTvis.

`mSoblebis Tanadgoma~ – SSm mozardTa kavSiri

mis: Tbilisi, r.laRiZis q.7
tel: 891 66 85 77
samedicino gamokvlevebi, kulturuli RonisZiebebi,
dRis aqtivobebi.

`mwvane saxli~
mis: Tbilisi. i. WavWavaZis pr.Cixi 1,37 (mziuris teritiria)
tel: 25 32 44, 899 64 06 67
mcnanesakhli&@yahoo.com
fsiqologiuri momsaxurebis centri.

`naperwkala~ (socialuri adaptaciis centri)

mis: Tbilisi, vaJa fSavelas II kvartali, korpusi 9a
tel: 899 10 09 71, dalisakukuladze@yahoo.com
xelovnebis skola gonebrivi ganviTarebis
Seferxebis mqone bavSvebisTvis.

pirovnebis ganviTarebis klubi (asociacia `ndoba~)

mis: Tbilisi, RambaSiZis 2a
tel: 98 21 71, club@ndoba.org.ge, www.ndoba.org.ge
jgufuri Sexvedrebi.

186
 saqarTvelos portijis asociacia
mis: WavWavaZis gamz.32, tel: 23 22 32, 893 34 45 31
tsintsadze@hotmail.com
ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone bavSvebis adreuli reabilitacia
(Cvilobis asakidan). gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebisTvis
sxvadasxva unarebis ganviTareba da maTi CarTva
saganmanaTleblo sistemebSi.

dRis aqtivobebis centri; `rea~

mis: WonqaZis q. 29, tel: 93 34 42, 893 50 14 47

arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa sia

else@caucasus.net
dRis centri cerebruli damblis, daunis sindromis,
autizmis speqtris darRvevebis mqone bavSvebisTvis.

socialuri Terapiis saxli

(dRis aqtivobebis cnetri)
mis: Tbilisi, ubilavas q. 9
tel: 77 63 07, 77 54 85
info@apnsc.ge, www.apnsc.ge
dRis centri adamianebisTvis, romlebic
gansakuTrebul zrunvas saWiroeben.

ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone bavSvTa da mozardTa kavSiri

mis: Tbilisi, ninoSvilis q.30
tel: 95 95 08, 893 64 53 85
gonebrivi ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone bavSvTa baRi.

mSoblebi da specialistebi gansakuTrebuli

saWiroebis mqone bavSvebisTvis
mis: Tbilisi, t. granelis q. 9
tel: 893 31 31 71, makadav@mail.ru
inkluziuri ganaTlebis xelSewyoba, muSaoba saskolo asakis
bavSvebTan, maT mSoblebTan da pedagogebTan.

187
 socialuri adaptaciis centri `aisi~
mis: Tbilisi larsis Sesaxvevi 3
tel: 91 32 13
swavlis unaris msubuqi da saSualo daqveiTebis mqone bavSvebisa
da mozardebis SromiTi dasaqmeba da inkluziuri
ganaTlebis programebi.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa asociacia `gea~

mis: weronisisq. 15
tel:9899113983, ngo-gea@posta.ge
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa uflebebis dacva, maTi
ojaxebis mxardaWera,socialuri integraciis xelSewyobis, ganaT­lebisa
da dasaqmebis programebi.

sruliad saqarTvelos RvTisSvilTa

kavSiri-invalidTa asociacia
mis: Tbilisi, WavWavaZis 49a, sarTuli 5
tel: 25 01 45
iufnona@yahoo.com, www.ugcg.gol.ge
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa reabilitaciisa
da socialuri integraciis programebi.

saqarTvelos SOS bavSvTa sofeli

mis: Tbilisi, yazbegis 11a
tel: 899 278 283
sosgeoipp@caucasus.net, sosgeond/@caucasus.net
www.sos-georgia.ge
usaxlkaro, miusafari da mzrunvelobas
moklebul bavSvebTa sofeli.

saqarTvelos specialuri olimpiuri komiteti

mis: Tbilisi, WavWavaZis 49, sarTuli 3,
sportis departamentis Senoba
specialolimpicsge@yahoo.com
www.specialolimpics.org
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa
reabilitaciisa da socialuri integraciis programebi.

188
 pirveli nabiji
mis: Tbilisi, WavWavaZis 74a, oTaxi 504
tel: 25 25 19
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa
sxvadasxva tipis momsaxureba.

imereTis regionis invalidTa kavSiri

mis: q.quTaisi, buxaiZis 25/80
tel: 895 45 14 43
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa

arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa sia

reabilitacia da daxmareba.

invalid bavSvTa da mozardTa reabilitaciis xelSewyoba,

kavSiri `nergebi~
mis: q. zugdidi beraias 44
tel:899 34 44 23, luka86@rambler.ru
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa
ganaTlebis xelSewyoba.

kavSiri `bavSvTa Tanabari uflebebisTvis~

mis. q.borjomi, saakaZis q.4
tel.899 21 48 55, cheishvilin@yahoo.com
bavSvTa uflebebis dacva, maTi Tanabari uflebebis ganviTareba,
ltolvil bavSvebTan muSaoba, fsiqiurad
daavadebul pirTa adaptacia

samcxe javaxeTis regionaluri asociacia `toleranti~

mis: q. axalcixe, rusTavelis q. 47
tel: 899 51 36 22, gochanatenadze@mail.ru
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa integracia.

samcxe-javaxeTis demokrat qalTa sazogadoeba

mis: q. axalcixe, Tbilisis q. 29
tel: 899 54 83 44,
marinamodebadze@rambler.ru
socialurad daucveli fenebisTvis ufaso samedecino,
iuridiuli momsaxureba da fsiqologiuri konsultaciebi.

189
 asociacia `goris invalidTa klubi~
mis: q. gori, TarxniSvilis q. 20
tel: 8(270) 7 98 25
t-tavelidze2@rambler.ru/tina-1@rambler.ru
gonebrivi SezRudvis mqone pirTa integrireba sazogadoebaSi,
maTi ganaTleba da dasaqmebis xelSewyoba.

fsiqometruli da sakonsultacio asociacia

Tbilisi, iv. javaxiSvilis 51
tel: 91-29-47
e-mail: pcageorgia@gmail.com
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebis swav­
lisa da qcevis problemebis fsiqologiuri diagnostireba, sssm
bavSvebis, maTi mSoblebisa da maswavleblebis konsultireba,
inkluziuri ganaTlebis xelSewyoba

190
saqarTveloSi moqmedi N saerTaSiriso organizaciaTa sia

USAID - kavkasiis misia saqarTveloSi

misiis direqtori _ robert uilsoni
jorj balanCinis quCa 11
Tbilisi 0131,
tel: (995-32) 54-40-00, faqsi: (995-32) 54-41-45
tel: 54-40-00, Sida nomeri: 4168)
mailto:mjaparidze@usaid.gov
www.georgia.usaid.gov
UNICEF Tbilisi

saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa sia

UNICEF - Tbilisis ofisi
UN House
erisTavis q. 9, IV sarTuli
tel:380079
tbilisi@unicef.org, www.unicef.org

Every Child - filiali saqarTveloSi

Tbilisi, abaSiZis q. 37, sad 2, sarT.3,
oT. 29 tel:22 40 07
faqsi: 22 40 07, admin@everychild.ge

Save the Children - gadavarCinoT bavSvebi

Tbilisi , baraTaSvilis q.8 ,
tel: 99 54 54,faqsi: 99 89 43
scgeorgia@save.org.ge
www.assistancegeorgia.org.ge
World Learning
Tbilisi, SevCenkos q. 5 ,
tel: 98 25 20, faqsi: 98 63 97
office@worldlearning.ge , www.worldlearning.org

WORLD VISION INTERNATIONAL- spec. proeqtebis ofisi

Tbilisi, vazisubnis q. 17 ,
tel: 38 16 37, faqsi: 43 35 35
nino_koberidze@wvi.org

191
 msoflio banki
Tbilisi, WavWavaZis gamz. 5a I Cixi,
tel:91 30 96, faqsi: 91 34 78
niakobishvili@worldbank.org , www.worldbank.org

oqsfam ji bi saqarTveloSi
Tbilisi, faliaSvilis q.. 47a ,
tel:: 25 28 81, 25 28 83,faqsi: 25 23 80
lkondakhchian@oxfam.org.uk, www.oxsfam.org.uk

proeqti `harmonia~ saqarTveloSi

Tbilisi, v. anjafariZis q. 7, 2sadarbazo,
2 sarTuli ,tel: 25 00 71,faqsi: 22 38 47
ccgeorgia@projectharmony.ge

Caritas Georgia
Nutsubidze Plateau II

0183 Tbilisi, Georgia

Tel/Fax: (+995.32) 217819, 251387, Tel: (+995.32) 942073, 250193
E-mail: caritas-georgia@caritas.ge, web-site: www.caritas.ge

`karitas georgika~
winamZRvriSvilis q. 97, Tbilisi, 0164
tel: (+ 995 32) 951991, faqsi:(+ 995 32) 911948
office@civitas.ge

Eurasia Partnership Foundation

kavsaZis q. 3, Tbilisi,0179
Fax: (+995-32) 22-32-64, 25-39-42/43
Fax:(+995-32) 22-32-64, 25-39-42/43 ext. 112
E-mail: info@epfound.ge , www.epfound.ge

CARE saerTaSoriso kavkasiaSi

Tbilisi 0162, moseSvilis 11
tel: (+99532) 29 13 78; 29 19 41; 29 15 31
faqsi: (+99532) 29 43 caucasus@care.org.ge

192
 fondi `Ria sazogadoeba – saqarTvelo~
Tbilisi 0108, WoveliZis 10
(995 32) 25 04 63, (995 32) 25 05 92, (995 32) 29 10 52
contact@osgf.ge , www.osgf.ge

viSnevskaia-rostropoviCis fondi saqarTveloSi `bavSvTa

janmrTelobisa da momavlisaTvis~

Tbilisi, vaJa- fSavelas gamz 45

tel: 39 94 35, faqsi: 39 94 35
tbilisi@vrf.ge

saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa sia

fondi `pirveli nabiji~
Tbilisi, WavWavaZis gamz.74a
tel: 23 01 40, faqsi: 25 25 19
www.tfs.ge , tfs@tfs.ge

soko- saqarTveloSi
Tbilisi , barnovis q. 9 ,
tel: 98 20 40, faqsi: 98 20 40
www.soco.ge, soco@gol.ge

193
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

inkluziur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli

veb-gverdebis mokle sia

www.mes.gov.ge.
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros veb-gverdi.

www.ganatleba.org
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris veb-gverdi, romelic
Seicavs srul informacias erovnul saswavlo gegmebis Sesaxeb. aq moi­
ZiebT informacias erovnuli sas­wavlo gegmis momzadebis, pilotirebisa
da da danergvis, sajaro skolaSi mimdinare saswavlo procesis erovnu­
li Sefasebebis sistemis SemuSavebasa da erovnuli da sxva Sefasebebis
ganxorcielebis Taobaze.

http://www.inclusion.ge
es veb-gverdi qarTulenovania da Seicavs informacias inkluziuri gana­
Tlebis Sesaxeb. aq naxavT statiebs inkluziur ganaTlebaze, satreningo
modulebs maswavleblebisTvis, informacias inkluziuri ganaTlebis
proeqtebis Sesaxeb, mcire terminologiur leqsikons da sxva.

http://www.disability.ge
koalicia damoukidebeli cxovrebisTvis aris sazogadoebrivi orga­
nizacia, romlic miznad isaxavs nebismieri adaminisTvis Seiqmnas Tana­
bari pirobebi potencialis gamosavlenad da moxdes SezRuduli Sesa­
Zleblobis mqone pirebis maqsimaluri CarTva sazogadobaSi mimdinare
politikur, ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul cxovrebaSi.

www.savethechildren.org
Save the Children (gadavarCinoT bavSvebi) msoflioSi erT-erTi wamyvani
saerTaSoriso organizaciaa, romelic emsaxureba bavSvebis mdgrad
ke­TildReobasa da ganviTarebas. Save the Children 1993 wlidan moR­
vaweobs saqarTveloSi.Aam xnis ganmavlobaSi, federacia `gadavarCinoT
bavSvebi~ warmatebulad anxorcielebs proeqtebs sxvadasxva sferoebSi:
socialuri ganviTareba, jandacva, ganaTleba, SezRuduli SesaZleblo­
bebis mqone pirTa da quCis bavSvebis socialuri integracia, samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis ganviTareba.

194
www.unesco.org
es aris Unesco-s (gaerTianebuli erebis saganmanaTleblo, samecniero
da kulturuli organizaciis) mTavari veb-gverdi. or­ganizaciis daniS­
nulebaa, wvlili Seitanos mSvidobisa da usaf­rTxoebis saqmeSi saerTa­
Soriso TanamSromlobiT, ganaT­lebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis pro­
gramebis meSveobiT.

www.ldonline.org
es veb-gverdi mravalferovan informacias Seicavs swavli unaris daq­
veiTebis, saswavlo strategiebisa da inkluziuri ganaTlebis Sesaxeb.

http://specialed.about.com
Tu specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebs ara aqvT
warmateba Tqvens klasSi, isargebleT am veb-gverdiT, raTa naxoT ra unda
SecvaloT da rogor.

http://www.cloudnet.com/~edrbsass/edexc.htm#index

veb-gverdebis sia
am veb-gverdze naxavT saswavlo gegmebs SezRuduli SesaZleb­lobis mqone
bavSvebisTvis.

http://www.floridainclusionnetwork.com
aq mocemulia konsultaciebi, informacia da rCevebi ganaTlebis muSak­
TaTvis, ojaxebisTvis da sazogadoebis sxva wevrebisTvis inkluziur
swavlasTan dakavSirebiT.

http://www.edweek.org/index.html
am veb-gverdze yuradReba gamaxvilebulia ganaTlebis umniSvnelovanes
sakiTxebze amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi.

http://www.cec.sped.org
es veb-gverdi `gansakuTrebuli bavSvebis sabWos~ ekuTvnis. es gaxlavT
umsxvilesi profesiuli organizacia, romelic emsaxureba amerikis
SeerTebul StatebSi gansakuTrebul bavSvTa ganaTlebis Sedegebis dax­
vewas. es organizacia mouwodebs mTavrobas saTanado politika gaataros
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone moswavleebTan mimarTebaSi, igi adgens
profesiul standartebs, uzrunvelyofs uwyvet profesiul ganviTare­
bas, xels uwyobs profesionalebs profesiuli praqtikis daxvewaSi.

195
 http://www.uni.edu/coe/inclusion/index.html
http://www.uni.edu/coe/inclusion/strategies/
aq gaecnobiT: Sinaarsis/qcevis strategiebs; rogori unda iyos inkluz­
iuri saklaso oTaxi; adaptaciis cxra wess; rogor SevqmnaT damxmareTa
jgufi; rogor gamoviyenoT TamaSebi davalebis analizis da qve-unarebis
Sesafaseblad.

am informaciis gamoyeneba SeuZliaT zogadi ganaTlebis pedagogebs,

specializirebuli ganaTlebis pedagogebs, mSoblebsa da skolis Tanam­
Sromlebs, yvelas, visac ainteresebs, Tu rogor unda ganxorcieldes
inkluziuri swavleba skolebSi.

http://www.inclusion.com
yvelaferi inkluziis Sesaxeb _ praqtikuli mecadineobebi, wignebi, vid­
eomasala, resursebi, treningebi, biuleteni, da a.S.

http://www.nichcy.org es veb-gverdi moicavs did informacias SezRudu­

li SesaZlebobis mqone bavSvTa mSoblebis da maswavleblebis da Tavad
bavSvebisTvis. saitis specialuri ganyofileba bavSvebs da mSoblebs sa­
Sualebas aZlevs gamoaqveynon TavianTi istoriebi, moTxrobebi, dausvan
SekiTxvebi specialistebs da miiRon amomwuravi informacia sakuTar md­
gomareobasa da perspeqtivebze.

http://www.ld.org am veb-gverdze ganTavsebulia informacia swavlebis

strategiebisa da saswavlo meTodebze.

http://www.fpg.unc.edu/~ecrii/
ECRI- Early Childhood Research Institute on Inclusion
skolamdeli asakis SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebi Tana­
tolebTan erTad swavloben. aq mocemulia kvleviTi centris masalebi,
romelic gamoadgebaT ganaTlebis muSakebs, mkvlevarebsa da mcirew­
lovani bavSvebis ojaxebs.

http://www.nectas.unc.edu/inclusion/
es veb-gverdi iZleva informacias imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra saxis momsaxureba
SeiZleba gaewios SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebs; aqvea in­
formacia kanonmdeblobasa da politikaze, kvlevebze, qmediT praqti­
kaze, dafinansebaze, siaxleebsa da personalis ganiTarebaze.

196
http://circleofinclusion.org
am veb-gvedze ganTavsebulia informacia dabadebidan rva wlis asakamde
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebis Taobaze. aq naxavT masalebs
inkluziuri programebis, meTodebisa da praqtikis Sesaxeb.

http://www.rushservices.com/Inclusion/homepage.htm
am veb-gverdze mocemulia mTeli rigi SekiTxvebisa, romelic dagexmare­
baT imis garkvevaSi, Tu ramdenad gamarTlebulia inkluzia konkretuli
bavSvisaTvis.

http://www.ldonline.org/ld_indepth/teaching_techniques/childlit_socskills.
html
es gverdi gamiznulia mSoblebisTvis, ojaxis wevrTaTvis da pedagogebi­
sTvis. aq bevri magaliTi da gakveTilis gegmaa mocemuli. aseve moTxro­
bilia mravalferovani da saintereso socialuri istoriebi.
http://www.cast.org
aq gaecnobiT inkluziuri ganaTlebis Sesaxeb uaxles kvlevebs, pro­

veb-gverdebis sia
eqtebsa da gamocemebs.

http://www.dec-sped.org/journals.html
am veb-gverdze inkluziuri ganaTlebis Sesaxeb bevri saintereso kvleva
da statia qveyndeba.

http://nectac.org/inclusion/meetings/rs_embed.asp
am veb-gverdze mocemulia rCevebi, Tu rogor unda gamoviyenoT inklu­
ziuri gamocdileba skolamdel garemoSi.

http://www.addinschool.com/elementary/impulsive.htm
am veb-gverdze aris informacia YyuradRebis deficitisa da hiperaqti­
urobis sindromis Taobaze (ADHD).

http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/learning/teacher.shtml
am veb-gverdze mocemulia zogierTi rCeva, Tu rogor unda imuSaos mas­
wavlebelma specialuri saWiroebis mqone moswavle­ebTan.

http://www.ctserc.org/library/bibfiles/identification-sed.pdf
am veb-gverdze mocemulia emociur da qceviT darRvevebze gamoqveyneb­
uli kvlevebisa da statiebis CamonaTvali.

197
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba

http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/go/readquest/
es veb-gverdi yuradRebas amaxvilebs, Tu rogor unda gaiazros wakiTxu­
lis Sinaarsi im moswavlem, romelsac kiTxvis problemebi aqvs.

http://resourceroom.net
es veb-gverdi swavlis unaris daqveiTebis mqone moswavleebis ganaTleze
saubrobs. aq mocemulia gakveTilis gegmebi da masalebi, rekomendaciebi.

http://www.teachingld.org
am veb-gverdze aRwerilia inkluziuri ganaTlebis sferoSi uaxles ga­
mocdilebasa da kvlevaze dafuZnebuli praqtikis Sedegebi. aqve Segi­
ZliaT dasvaT SekiTxvebi, romelzec eqspertebi gipasuxeben.

http://www.adsb.on.ca
es veb-gverdi Zalian mdidaria informaciiT. ZiriTadi Tema aseTia:
`bavSvebi, romlebic erTad swavloben, erTad cxovrebas swavloben. `aq
saubaria samarTlebliv pirobebze, maswavleblis kompetenciebze, swav­
lebis strategiebze, inkluziisTvis mzadebaze, inkluziis resursebze
da sxva.

http://www.newhorizons.org
am veb-gverdze aris informacia, pedagogebisa da mSoblebisTvis imis Tao­
baze, Tu rogor movuaroT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebs.

www.gmhc.ge/services.shtml
saqarTvelos fsiqikuri janmrTelobis koaliciis veb gverdi.

198
 Tematuri vebgverdebi

yuradRebis deficiti, daunis sindromi

hiperaqtiuroba www.acds.org
www.cpgs.com/add www.lalecheleague.org
www.addclinic.com www.ds-health.com
www.chadd.org www.dsoag.com
www.sinbad.net/business/adds www.downscity.com
www.adders.org www.downsnet.org
www.feingold.org www.growthcharts.com
www.add.org www.nads.org
www.ndsccenter.org
autizmi www.downsyndrome.com
www.aacap.org www.ndss.org
www.autismndi.com www.ds-health.com
www.vaporia.com www.Downsyndrome.com
www.autism-info.com www.geocities.com/Heartland/
www.autism-society.org

veb-gverdebis sia
www.autism.com genetikuri darRvevebi
www.autism.org www.birthdefects.org
www.csaac.org www.marchofdimes.org
www.feator.org www.teratology.org
www.futurehorizonsautism.com
www.teacch.com swavlis unaris daqveiTeba
www.wserv.com www.ldhope.com
www.ldanatl.org
tvinis dazianeba www.slam.nhs.uk
www.biausa.org www.ncld.org
www.braincenter.org www.specialkids1.com
www.btinternet.com
www.tbi.org gonebrivi SezRudva
www.tbindc.org www.aamr.org
www.bestbuddies.org
cerebraluri dambla www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd
www.twinenterprises.com /ddmr.htm
www.comeunity.com www.thearc.org
www.iinet.com.
www.kidsource.com/NICHCY/
www.ucpa.org

199